Unit 4 History and Traditions Discovering Useful Structures 过去分词作表语和状语课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

过去分词作表语和状语 过去分词作表语的定义 过去分词作表语是指过去分词用在系动词后，说明主语的状态、性质或特征。这种结构被称为"系表结构"，其基本形式为： 主语 + 系动词 + 过去分词。 核心特征： 强调状态而非动作 不涉及动作执行者 常与表示状态延续的系动词连用(如be, seem, appear, remain, stay等) 2. 过去分词作表语的用法 表示主语所处的状态 例句： The door remained locked all day. (门一整天都锁着。) 分析：remained(系动词) + locked(过去分词表语)，表示门持续的状态 She seemed surprised at the news. (她似乎对这个消息感到惊讶。) 分析：seemed(系动词) + surprised(过去分词表语)，描述主语的情绪状态 (2) 表示主语的特征或性质 例句： The mountain is covered with snow all year round. (这座山终年被积雪覆盖。) 分析：is(系动词) + covered(过去分词表语)，表示山的常年特征 His clothes looked worn out after the long journey. (长途旅行后他的衣服看起来破旧不堪。) 分析：looked(系动词) + worn out(过去分词短语作表语)，描述衣物状态 (3) 常见作表语的过去分词高考高频词汇包括： 情感类：interested, excited, moved, disappointed, frightened 状态类：broken, lost, known, married, finished, gone 其他：prepared, dressed, seated, determined 典型例句：We were deeply moved by his story. (我们被他的故事深深感动。) The glass is broken. (玻璃杯碎了。) 3. 过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别 区别点 过去分词作表语 被动语态 侧重点 状态 动作 时间概念 无明确时间概念 有明确时间概念 by短语 一般不接by短语 常可接by短语 副词修饰 常被very等程度副词修饰 常被时间/方式副词修饰 系动词 可用多种系动词(seem等) 主要用be动词 对比分析：1. The book is well written. (书写得很好。)(表语，表质量) The book is being written by a famous author. (书正由著名作家撰写。)(被动，表动作) 2. The window was broken. (窗户碎了。)(表状态) The window was broken by the ball. (窗户被球打碎了。)(被动，表动作) 3. He seemed frightened. (他似乎受了惊吓。)(表语) He was frightened by the sudden noise. (他被突然的响声吓到了。)(被动) 4. 过去分词作状语的定义 过去分词作状语是指过去分词在句中充当状语成分，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步或伴随情况等。 结构特点： 逻辑主语通常与句子主语一致 位置灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末 常可转换为相应的状语从句 5. 过去分词作状语的用法 表示时间 教材典型例句： Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. (从山上看，这座城市显得很壮观。) 分析：= When it is seen from the hill... 时间状语 When asked about his opinion, he kept silent. (当被问及他的意见时，他保持沉默。) 分析：= When he was asked... 时间状语 (2) 表示原因 高考真题例句： Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry. (被故事深深感动，孩子们开始哭了。) 分析：= Because they were deeply moved... 原因状语 Born into a poor family, he had little schooling. (由于出生在贫穷家庭，他几乎没上过学。) 分析：= As he was born... 原因状语 (3) 表示条件 重要考点例句： Given more time, we could have done it better. (如果给予更多时间，我们本可以做得更好。) 分析：= If we had been given... 条件状语 Compared with your sister, you are very lucky. (与你姐姐相比，你很幸运。) 分析：= If you are compared... 条件状语 (4) 表示让步 经典例句分析： Beaten by the opposite team, they didn't lose heart. (虽然被对手打败，但他们没有灰心。) 分析：= Although they were beaten... 让步状语 Wounded in the leg, the soldier continued fighting. (尽管腿部受伤，士兵仍继续战斗。) 分析：= Though he was wounded... 让步状语 (5) 表示伴随 常见结构： He came in, followed by his assistant. (他进来了，后面跟着他的助手。) 分析：伴随状语，补充说明主语动作 The teacher stood there, surrounded by many students. (老师站在那里，被许多学生围着。) 分析：伴随状语，描述同时发生的状态 高考真题示例： (2020年全国卷Ⅰ) ___ in the poorest area of the city, the school needs more support from the government. Locating B. To locate C. Located D. Having located 正确答案：C 解析：考查过去分词作原因状语，the school与locate是被动关系，且表示既成状态，故选C。句意为"由于位于城市最贫困地区，这所学校需要政府更多支持。" THANKS $$