专题01 阅读理解【期末必刷15篇】 - 2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（人教版2019）

专题01 阅读理解【期末必刷15篇】 考查范围：主题、语篇范围 题号 难度 知识点 阅读理解 1 适中 竞技/比赛,广告/布告,应用文 2 适中 个人信息 ,说明文 3 较易 人与动植物,说明文 4 适中 社会问题与社会现象,说明文,直接理解,语意转化,逻辑推理 5 适中 哲理感悟,记叙文,个人经历 6 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 7 较易 说明文,宇宙探险 8 适中 体育健身 ,科普知识 ,说明文 9 适中 阅读 ,科普知识 ,说明文 10 适中 科学技术 ,说明文 11 较易 科普知识 ,说明文 12 适中 社会问题与社会现象,说明文 13 适中 科普知识 ,科学技术 ,说明文 14 适中 发明与创造 ,科学技术 ,说明文 15 适中 科普知识 ,新闻报道,锻炼/健身（个人） （一） 【来源】广东省广州市第五中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 MiG Prize 2024 The Michel Gelrubin Architecture Prize is designed to bring out new talents by giving students an opportunity for international recognition. Open internationally, the Prize is awarded annually to honor students whose work demonstrates a combination of vision and talent in the art of architecture and planning. This Year’s Challenge This year’s competition invites proposals for projects that integrate at least 3 different uses into a building. The projects should include private and public spaces, and consider the urban context. Timeline Launch: August 1st, 2024 Registration Deadline: September 15th, 2024 (registration is free) Submission Deadline: November 19th, 2024 Result Announcement: December 17th, 2024 Prizes First prize   $5,000 Second prize $2,500 Third prize  $1,500 The Jury (评委会) The projects will be scored based on their originality, design, environmental effects, and presentation. Participation The competition is open to any student studying architecture during the academic year 2024-2025. Candidates can apply as individuals or as teams. Materials Electronic submission of the project files must include: ● Posters that integrate the documents explaining the project [plans, sections, elevations, photos, renderings (透视图), illustrations, images, diagrams, and text] ● A presentation of the project (max 15 slides) ● A video file (max 3 min.) is optional but highly recommended. ● All the documents must be written in English and sent in a PDF format (except the videos). For more information, see https://migprize.com. 1．What do we know about the competition? A．It offers $ 1,500 for second prize. B．It is open to all graduates in architecture. C．It charges an all-time low registration fee this year. D．It focuses on designing a mixed-use building this year. 2．By which time should all the project files be handed in? A．August 1st, 2024. B．September 15th, 2024. C．November 19th, 2024. D．December 17th, 2024. 3．Which of the following must be included in the submission? A．Integrated posters in the English version. B．A video file of no more than 3 minutes. C．A presentation of no less than 15 slides. D．Paper documents explaining the project. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文是应用文。文章是2024年The Michel Gelrubin建筑奖的报名通知。 1．细节理解题。根据“This Year’s Challenge”的部分中的“This year’s competition invites proposals for projects that integrate at least 3 different uses into a building.(今年的竞赛邀请至少将三种不同用途整合到建筑中的项目提案)”可知，该竞赛今年的重点是设计一座多功能建筑。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据Timeline部分中的“Submission Deadline: November 19th, 2024(投稿截止日期：2024年11月 19 日)”可知，所有项目文件应于2024年11月19 日前提交。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据Materials部分中的“Posters that integrate the documents explaining the project [plans, sections, elevations, photos, renderings (透视图), illustrations, images, diagrams, and text](整合了项目说明文件【平面图、剖面图、立面图、照片、透视图、插图、图像、图表和文本】的海报)”和“All the documents must be written in English(所有文件必须用英文书写)”可知，提交的电子文件必须包括英文版整合了项目说明文件（包括平面图、剖面图、立面图、照片、透视图、插图、图像、图表和文本）的海报。故选A。 （二） 【来源】广东省广州市第五中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 A master of words, a literary genius and a philosopher, Russian author Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) is known by many as the greatest writer of all time. Even in 2020, 110 years after his death, his two greatest masterpieces, War and Peace and Anna Karenina, continue to be widely read, appreciated and highly influential. “If the world could write by itself, it would write like Tolstoy,” the Russian author Isaak Babel once said. Tolstoy’s realistic fiction is famous for its powers of observation and ability to mine the depths of human consciousness, such as the psychological exploration of a married woman in Anna Karenina. In War and Peace, Tolstoy also describes Russia’s national soul and expresses public unity through his many characters. His characters feel alive; they grow, they change and they stick in the minds of readers long after the final page is turned. Tolstoy’s influence on literature is without comparison. Authors regularly mention his novels as their highest ambition, works that they could only dream of writing themselves. American writer Francis Scott called Tolstoy the “greatest of all novelists” in his essay. He wrote, “from his first words, we can be sure of one thing at any rate – here is a man who sees what we see, who proceeds, too, as we are accustomed to proceeding, not from the outside inwards but from the inside outwards.” “He defends fundamental values such as love, friendship and family relations. He gives positive answers to the questions mankind is asking. In this sense he gives more hope,” Tolstoy’s great-great grandson, Vladimir Ilyich Tolstoy, said. Tolstoy’s message of peace has even had an effect on the real world. He inspired the leader of India’s independence movement, Mahatma Ghandi, and his philosophy of non-violence over the course of a year in which they wrote letters to each other. 1．What does the second paragraph intend to tell us? A．The writing style of Tolstoy. B．Tolstoy’s influence on other authors. C．The characters in Tolstoy’s works. D．The introduction to the greatest works of Tolstoy. 2．Which words can best describe Tolstoy according to the passage? A．Humorous and caring. B．Determined and optimistic. C．Productive and hard-working. D．Insightful and peace-loving. 3．How does the author introduce Tolstoy in this passage? A．By contrasting with other authors. B．By analyzing characteristics of his works. C．By quoting comments and opinions. D．By describing his deeds in life. 4．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Tolstoy and His Works B．Tolstoy’s Life and Achievements C．War and Peace: a Great Masterpiece D．Tolstoy: a Writer Beyond Comparison 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过引用一些人对托尔斯泰的评论，说明了托尔斯泰的成就和影响力巨大。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Tolstoy’s realistic fiction is famous for its powers of observation and ability to mine the depths of human consciousness”（托尔斯泰的现实主义小说以其观察力和挖掘人类意识深处的能力而闻名）“Tolstoy also describes Russia’s national soul and expresses public unity through his many characters.”（托尔斯泰还描写了俄罗斯的民族精神，并通过他的许多人物表达了公众的团结。）可知，两处均提到了托尔斯泰作品中的写作风格：现实主义和民族精神。所以本段主要表达的是托儿斯泰作品中的写作风格，选项A与文意相符，故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“here is a man who sees what we see, who proceeds, too, as we are accustomed to proceeding, not from the outside inwards but from the inside outwards.”（这个人能看到我们所看到的，他也会继续前进，就像我们习惯的那样，不是从外向内，而是从内向外。）可以看出，托尔斯泰是极具有洞察力的一个人；最后一段 “Tolstoy’s message of peace has even had an effect on the real world.”（托尔斯泰的和平理念，甚至对现实世界产生了影响。）可知，托尔斯泰是一个具有和平信念的人。所以有洞察力和具有和平信念是托尔斯泰所具有的品质。选项D与文意相符，故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中““If the world could write by itself, it would write like Tolstoy,” the Russian author Isaak Babel once said.”（“如果世界可以自己写作，就会像托尔斯泰那样写作。”俄国作家伊萨克 · 巴贝尔曾经说过。）第三段中 “American writer Francis Scott called Tolstoy the “greatest of all novelists” in his essay. He wrote, “from his first words, ...but from the inside outwards.””（美国作家弗朗西斯 · 斯科特在他的文章中称托尔斯泰为 “最伟大的小说家”。他写道“从他的第一句话开始，我们至少可以确定一件事，这是一个能看到我们所看到的东西的人，他也在前进，就像我们习惯的那样，不是从外向内，而是从内向外”）倒数第二段中““He defends fundamental values ...gives more hope,” Tolstoy’s great-great grandson, Vladimir Ilyich Tolstoy, said.”（“他捍卫爱情、友谊和家庭关系等基本价值观。他对人类提出的问题给出了肯定的答案。在这个意义上，他给予了更多的希望。”托尔斯泰的曾曾曾孙，弗拉基米尔 · 伊里奇 · 托尔斯泰说。）可知，本文通过引用一些人对托尔斯泰的评论，来说明他的影响。选项C与文意相符，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A master of words, a literary genius and a philosopher, Russian author Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) is known by many as the greatest writer of all time. Even in 2020, 110 years after his death, his two greatest masterpieces, War and Peace and Anna Karenina, continue to be widely read, appreciated and highly influential.”（文学大师，文学天才，哲学家，俄国作家列夫 · 托尔斯泰(1828-1910)被许多人认为是有史以来最伟大的作家。即使在他去世110年后的2020年，他最伟大的两部作品，《战争与和平》和《安娜 · 卡列尼娜》仍然被广泛阅读，欣赏和极具影响力。）同时结合下面段落中引用一些人们对托尔斯泰的评论，可知，主要说明了托尔斯泰的成就和影响力巨大。文学大师，文学天才，哲学家是对他的成就及影响力的肯定。所以标题用 “一个无与伦比的作家”最符合文意，选项D符合题意，故选D。 （三） 【来源】广东省广州市第五中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 A wild African bird that will lead people to trees with honeycomb (蜂巢) seems to somehow learn the distinct whistles and calls of the human foragers (觅食者) who live near them. This bird species has far more information about what the bees are doing than humans ever could. In Tanzania, Hadza foragers can use a special whistle to attract this bird, which will then fly down and start leading them to honey. With its noisy chattering sound, the bird is very conspicuous. Once the bird arrives at a tree with honey inside, it will rest near the beehive silently, seemingly not to disturb the bees. “That’s the signal to the Hadza to really start searching,” says Brian Wood, an anthropologist at University of California, Los Angeles. Pretty soon, the foragers will locate the hive and cut open the tree trunk. It is found that the birds are more likely to show up when the familiar signal used by the locals is being broadcast. According to the research, the birds appear 82% of the time when Hadza whistles are being played. But they appear only 24% of the time when the researchers play the whistles traditionally used in a different country. This makes it clear that the birds have learned what their human neighbors do when they want to partner up and go honey-hunting. “This is a very strong result which supports the idea that there’s a learning process involved,” says Wood. But how do the birds learn? It’s still unclear. What is clear is that this human-animal communication seems to benefit both parties, and it may go back many thousands of years. When the honeycomb is out, the birds get some of the beeswax, which they love to eat. And the human foragers get the honey—which is an enormously important food for the Hadza. Wood has calculated that the Hadza get about 10% of the calories in their annual diet with the help of the birds. 1．What does the underlined word “conspicuous” in Para.2mean? A．Eye-catching. B．Care-free. C．Naughty. D．Attractive. 2．What can we know about the birds? A．They are raised by humans. B．They help cut open the tree trunk. C．They feed on honey as their annual diet. D．They can distinguish different whistles. 3．Which of the following can best describe the honey gathering? A．A complex dilemma. B．An unfair trade. C．A double-edged sword. D．A win-win cooperation. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．The familiar signal in the forest. B．A talented expert in hunting the bees. C．A wonderful guide to collecting honey. D．The human-animal communication in Tanzania. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一种将人类带到有蜂巢的树上的非洲野鸟似乎不知何故学会了住在它们附近的人类觅食者独特的口哨声和叫声，从而帮助人类和自己获得蜂蜜。 1．词句猜测题。根据上文“With its noisy chattering sound(这只鸟叽叽喳喳叫得很响)”可知，响亮的叫声这只鸟引人注目，由此可知，conspicuous意为“引人注目的”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“It is found that the birds are more likely to show up when the familiar signal used by the locals is being broadcast. According to the research, the birds appear 82% of the time when Hadza whistles are being played. But they appear only 24% of the time when the researchers play the whistles traditionally used in a different country.(研究发现，当播放当地人熟悉的信号时，这些鸟更有可能出现。根据这项研究，当哈扎哨声响起时，这些鸟出现的几率为82%。但当研究人员吹响另一个国家传统上使用的哨子时，它们出现的几率只有24%。)”可知，这些鸟能够区分不同的哨声。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What is clear is that this human-animal communication seems to benefit both parties, and it may go back many thousands of years.(可以肯定的是，这种人类与动物之间的交流似乎对双方都有好处，而且这种交流可能可以追溯到几千年前。)”可知，这个采蜜的过程是一个双赢的合作。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。文章讲述了一种将人类带到有蜂巢的树上的非洲野鸟似乎不知何故学会了住在它们附近的人类觅食者独特的口哨声和叫声，从而帮助人类和自己获得蜂蜜。由此可知，C项：A wonderful guide to collecting honey.(一个收集蜂蜜的好向导。)是最合适的标题。故选C。 （四） 【来源】广东省广州市第五中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they're stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders. So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it's not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets. It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women's family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren't more females in top leadership positions in business and politics. Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions. As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it's only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime. 1．What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center  survey? A．They have to do more to distinguish themselves. B．They have to strive harder to win their positions. C．They are stronger than men in terms of willpower. D．They are just as intelligent and innovative as men. 2．What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles? A．They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success. B．They are lacking in confidence when competing with men. C．Their failures may have something to do with family duties. D．Relatively few are affected in their career advancement. 3．What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey? A．Personality traits. B．Gender bias. C．Family responsibilities. D．Lack of vacancies. 4．What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future? A．More and more women will sit in the boardroom. B．Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change. C．The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders. D．People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就在美国政府和商界的高层中女性的数量很少的问题展开了论述，说明了导致这一现象产生的种种因素。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they're stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders. (皮尤研究中心一项关于女性与领导力的最新调查显示，大多数美国人发现，女性在智力和创新能力等关键领导特质上与男性没有什么区别，许多人表示，她们在热情和组织能力方面比男性更强)”由此可知，根据皮尤研究中心的一项新调查，大多数美国人认为女性领导者和男人一样聪明和创新。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women's family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren't more females in top leadership positions in business and politics. (虽然经济研究和以前的调查结果显示，因为做母亲产生的职业中断可能会使妇女更难在事业上取得进步，也更难竞争高级行政职位，但在最近的调查中，相对较少的成年人指出这是妇女寻求领导职位的一个关键障碍。只有约五分之一的人表示，女性的家庭责任是商界和政界没有更多女性担任高层领导的主要原因)”由此可知，从之前关于女性寻求领导职位的调查结果中，我们可以了解到女性寻求领导职位的失败可能与家庭责任有关。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves.(然而，最主要的原因是，约40%的美国人指出，女性在寻求晋升到政界或商界最高职位的过程中存在双重标准，在这些职位上，她们必须比男性做得更多来证明自己)”由此可推知，根据最近的调查，阻碍女性担任高层领导职位的主要因素是性别偏见。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it's only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men.(因此，对于在可预见的未来，美国公司的这种不平衡是否会改变，公众意见不一，尽管女性已经在工作场所取得了重大进展。尽管有53%的人认为，未来男性将继续在商界担任更多高层管理职位，但44%的人认为，担任高层管理职位的女性人数与男性一样多，只是时间问题)”由此可知，文章认为在不久的将来，美国的公司对于是否会有更多的女性领导人，人们有相反的意见。故选D。 （五） 【来源】湖南省部分学校2023-2024学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题 On a cold morning in May, I received a fascinating e-mail from a high school friend, inviting me to a 10-day all-female surfing adventure in Portugal. The offer was irresistible, and I instantly knew my answer was yes. The trip seemed simple enough. Ten women, ranging from 30 to 45years old, all strangers, would gather on the Portuguese coast to accept the challenge of surfing the Atlantic waves. As a fan of travel, I quickly sought permission from my boss for this once-in-a-lifetime journey. Through my 33 years, I’ve observed a common adult tendency: We often limit ourselves to improving skills we already have. There’s a certain pride in improving our expert knowledge, becoming increasingly knowledgeable in our chosen fields, yet unintentionally, this focus often leaves other skills undeveloped and leads to ignoring other areas of potential growth. Two days later, I arrived in Ericeira, a charming surf town, where I met my surfing group. Despite our different personalities and backgrounds, we were all united in a passionate desire to challenge ourselves, learn, tackle and grow. The shores at Ericeira, where the beginners learn to surf, are shallow and covered with slippery rocks. They make for softer waves but are difficult to navigate (驾驭). Guided by our amazing coaches, together, we faced the waves. Sometimes, it poured with rain, and the waves crashed around us, but we were still out there. And with every slip and fall, words of encouragement filled the air. Honestly, I probably spent most of my days frozen to the bone, but that didn’t matter because a new level of genuine joy and personal achievement had been unlocked. Learning a new skill taught me the humbleness that can come from doing badly at something new, and the pride that develops when you finally manage to grasp something you’ve been working on. While surfing might not be my calling, trying it out inspired me to take more risks in life, to step outside of my comfort zone and to never stop believing in myself. You never know what you’re capable of if you don’t go out there and try. 1．What motivated the author to join the surf trip to Portugal? A．The longing to seek and enjoy a challenge. B．The need to reunite with a high school friend. C．The love to meet strangers with shared interest. D．The chance to undertake work duties in Portugal. 2．What is a common tendency among adults according to the author? A．They refuse to upgrade their professional skills. B．They tend to improve their existing skills only. C．They avoid exploring new areas on purpose. D．They are too proud to improve themselves. 3．Which of the following can best describe the author’s surfing experiences? A．Tough but worthwhile. B．Common and smooth. C．Boring and discouraging. D．Relaxing but unpredictable. 4．What does the text want to convey? A．Birds of a feather flock together. B．He who laughs last, laughs best. C．Life begins at the end of your comfort zone. D．The grass is always greener on the other side. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者参加葡萄牙女性冲浪冒险之旅的经历，展示了尝试新技能和挑战自我舒适区的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“On a cold morning in May, I received a fascinating e-mail from a high school friend, inviting me to a 10-day all-female surfing adventure in Portugal. The offer was irresistible, and I instantly knew my answer was yes. (在5月一个寒冷的早晨，我收到了一位高中朋友发来的一封有趣的电子邮件，邀请我参加为期10天的葡萄牙女子冲浪冒险活动。这个提议是不可抗拒的，我立刻知道我的答案是肯定的。)”以及“As a fan of travel, I quickly sought permission from my boss for this once-in-a-lifetime journey.(作为一名旅行爱好者，我很快就得到了老板的许可，开始了这次千载难逢的旅行。)”可知，作者收到了高中朋友的邀请，并且觉得这是一个无法抗拒的提议，立即决定参加这次充满挑战的冲浪冒险，因此加入葡萄牙冲浪之旅的动机是渴望寻求和享受挑战。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“We often limit ourselves to improving skills we already have. There’s a certain pride in improving our expert knowledge, becoming increasingly knowledgeable in our chosen fields, yet unintentionally, this focus often leaves other skills undeveloped and leads to ignoring other areas of potential growth.( 我们常常把自己局限于提高已有的技能。提高我们的专业知识，在我们选择的领域变得越来越博学，这是一种自豪感，但无意中，这种关注往往使其他技能得不到发展，并导致忽视其他潜在的增长领域。)”可知，作者认为成年人有一种自豪感，即通过提高自己在所选领域的专业知识来变得越来越有知识，但这种关注往往无意中忽视了其他技能和潜在的发展领域即他们倾向于只提高自己现有的技能。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Guided by our amazing coaches, together, we faced the waves. Sometimes, it poured with rain, and the waves crashed around us, but we were still out there. And with every slip and fall, words of encouragement filled the air. Honestly, I probably spent most of my days frozen to the bone, but that didn’t matter because a new level of genuine joy and personal achievement had been unlocked. Learning a new skill taught me the humbleness that can come from doing badly at something new, and the pride that develops when you finally manage to grasp something you’ve been working on.(在我们出色的教练的带领下，我们一起面对海浪。有时，下着大雨，海浪在我们周围拍打，但我们仍然在那里。每一次滑倒，空气中都充满了鼓励的话语。老实说，我可能大部分时间都僵在骨头上，但这并不重要，因为真正的快乐和个人成就的新水平已经被解锁了。学习一项新技能教会了我在新事物上做得不好时的谦卑，以及当你最终掌握了你一直在做的事情时产生的自豪感。)”可知，第四段描述了作者和团队在艰难的条件下冲浪，如海滩的浅水和滑溜溜的岩石、雨水和巨大的波浪等。然而，尽管面临这些困难，作者仍然感到快乐和成就感，因为学习新技能带来了真正的快乐和个人成就即作者冲浪经历的是“艰难但值得”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，作者受到了高中朋友的邀请，决定参加这次由不同年龄段的陌生女性组成的10天冲浪活动。尽管面临诸多困难，如不同的个性和背景、陌生的冲浪环境以及学习新技能的挑战，作者和队友们还是克服重重难关，最终体会到了学习新技能的乐趣和成就感。作者认为，尝试新事物和走出舒适区能够激发个人的潜力和自信心，同时也鼓励读者要勇于挑战自我，不断探索新的可能性。作者通过描述自己尝试冲浪的经历，强调了走出舒适区、接受挑战和相信自己的重要性。C选项“Life begins at the end of your comfort zone.(生活从你舒适区的尽头开始。)”符合题意。故选C。 （六） 【来源】湖南省部分学校2023-2024学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题 Spending time outdoors, especially in green spaces, is one of the fastest ways to improve your health and happiness. It can lower stress, blood pressure and heart rate. Doctors are increasingly taking these findings seriously and using them to their patients. Now, a new study published in the International Journal of Environmental Health Research adds to the evidence and shows just how little time it takes to get the benefits of being outside. Spending just 20 minutes in a park — even if you don’t exercise while you’re there — is enough to improve well-being, according to the research. For the study, researchers surveyed 94 adults who visited one of three urban parks over the summer and fall. They were given fitness trackers to measure physical activity but were not told what to do in the park or how long to stay. Each person also answered questions about their life satisfaction and mood — which were used to calculate a subjective well-being score, with a maximum value of 55 — before and after their park visit. The average park visit lasted 32 minutes, and 30% of people engaged in at least moderate-intensity (中等强度) physical activity while there. Well-being scores rose during the park visit in 60% of people, with an average increase of about 1.5 points (from about 37 to 39). For many people in the study, simply being in green space seemed to be enough to make a change. The medical community is increasingly viewing green space as a place for their patients to gain physical and mental health benefits. Some physicians, like Dr. Robert Zarr, are even writing prescriptions (处方) for it. By writing nature prescriptions, physicians are encouraging their patients to get outdoors and take advantage of what many view to be free medicine. 1．What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Health. B．Happiness. C．Staying outdoors. D．Taking exercise. 2．What did the new study find? A．Being outside costs a lot. B．A 20-minute break in nature is beneficial. C．Exercise is enough to improve well-being. D．Spending time outdoors is the fastest way to improve happiness. 3．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．The participants were recorded subjectively. B．The participants were recorded all the year round. C．The participants had to stay in the park for at least 20 minutes. D．The participants’ mood was calculated by their answering questions. 4．What does Dr. Robert Zarr think of spending time outdoors? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Unconcerned. D．Unclear. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在户外，特别是在绿色空间度过时间对健康和幸福感的积极影响。通过引用新的研究成果和具体的数据，研究表明仅仅在公园待上20分钟就能显著改善人的福祉，强调了绿色空间在提升身心健康方面的重要作用。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章划线单词上一句“Spending time outdoors, especially in green spaces, is one of the fastest ways to improve your health and happiness.(花时间在户外，特别是在绿色空间，是改善你的健康和幸福的最快方法之一)”可推测，划线单词“it”代指的上文提到的“Spending time outdoors”。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Now, a new study published in the International Journal of Environmental Health Research adds to the evidence and shows just how little time it takes to get the benefits of being outside. Spending just 20 minutes in a park—even if you don’t exercise while you’re there—is enough to improve well-being, according to the research.(现在，发表在《国际环境健康研究杂志》上的一项新研究进一步证明了这一点，并表明人们只需要很短的时间就能获得户外活动的好处。根据这项研究，在公园里呆上20分钟——即使你在公园里不运动——也足以改善你的幸福感)”可知，研究表明在公园里呆上20分钟足以改善你的幸福感。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“For the study, researchers surveyed 94 adults who visited one of three urban parks over the summer and fall. They were given fitness trackers to measure physical activity but were not told what to do in the park or how long to stay. Each person also answered questions about their life satisfaction and mood—which were used to calculate a subjective well-being score, with a maximum value of 55—before and after their park visit.(在这项研究中，研究人员调查了94名成年人，他们在夏天和秋天参观了三个城市公园中的一个。研究人员给他们配备了健身追踪器来测量他们的身体活动，但不告诉他们在公园里做什么，也不告诉他们要待多久。每个人还回答了关于他们的生活满意度和情绪的问题，这些问题用于计算主观幸福感得分，最大值为55，在他们参观公园前后)”可知，每个参与者在访问公园前后都回答了关于生活满意度和情绪的问题，这些问题被用来计算主观幸福感得分。因此，我们可以得知参与者的情绪是通过他们回答的问题来计算的。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The medical community is increasingly viewing green space as a place for their patients to gain physical and mental health benefits. Some physicians, like Dr. Robert Zarr, are even writing prescriptions (处方) for it.(医学界越来越多地将绿地视为患者获得身心健康益处的地方。一些医生，如Robert Zarr博士，甚至为它开处方)”可知，Dr. Robert Zarr支持户外活动，并认为它对患者有益，因此他会开具处方鼓励患者去户外。故选B。 （七） 【来源】湖南省部分学校2023-2024学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题 From the hills of West Virginia to the flats of rural Australia, some of the world’s largest telescopes are listening for signals from distant alien (外星的) civilizations. The project, known as SETI, is an effort to find artificial looking electromagnetic-radiation (电磁辐射) signals that might have come from a technologically advanced civilization in a far-away solar system. A recent study describes one of several efforts to use machine learning, a subset of AI, to help astronomers quickly sort through the large amounts of data such surveys generate. As AI reshapes many scientific fields, what promise does it hold for the search for life beyond Earth? “It is a new era for SETI research that is opening up thanks to machine learning technology,” says Franck Marchis, a planetary astronomer at the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California. For decades, the field was restricted by having hardly any data at all. Most of the SETI searches that followed were also limited to a small number of stars. In 2015, billionaire Yuri Milner funded the biggest SETI programme ever: the Breakthrough Listen project to search one million stars for signs of intelligent life. But the trouble is that these searches generate large amounts of data — including false positives produced by Earthly interference (干扰) from mobile phones, GPS and other aspects of modern life. “The biggest challenge for us in looking for SETI signals is not at this point getting the data,” says Sofia Sheikh, an astronomer at the SETI Institute. “The difficult part is differentiating signals from Earth technology from the kind of signals we’d be looking for from technology somewhere else in the Galaxy.” Astronomers at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), say “They will launch a community science project in which volunteers will sort through images of radio signals and classify them as potential types of interference.” “SETI will probably use a mixture of classical and machine-learning approaches to sort through data. Classical algorithms (经典算法) remain excellent at picking up signals, and machine learning can’t do everything,” says Jean-Luc Margot, an astronomer at UCLA． 1．What is the purpose of SETI? A．To search for alien life in outer space. B．To explore the geography of Australia. C．To study the ancient civilization of Earth. D．To send radio signals to the distant solar system. 2．What is the key factor in SETI research? A．The upgrade of data-storing equipment. B．The application of machine-learning technology. C．The development of radio communication systems. D．The invention of the largest telescope in the world. 3．What is the most challenging part of the SETI project? A．Raising funds for long-term research. B．Obtaining enough data from one million stars. C．Distinguishing alien signals from human signals. D．Avoiding interfering with GPS and mobile phones. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Advantages of classical algorithms. B．Further plan for the SETI programme. C．The goal of the community-science project. D．Improvements in machine-learning approaches. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了致力于寻找类似人造电磁辐射的信号的 SETI 项目，以及该项目的研究关键和面临的挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The project, known as SETI, is an effort to find artificial looking electromagnetic-radiation (电磁辐射) signals that might have come from a technologically advanced civilization in a far-away solar system.”(该项目被称为SETI，旨在寻找看起来像人造的电磁辐射信号，这些信号可能来自遥远太阳系中技术先进的文明。)可知，SETI 项目的目的是寻找外太空的生命。故选 A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is a new era for SETI research that is opening up thanks to machine learning technology”(借助机器学习技术，SETI研究进入了一个新时代) 可知，机器学习技术是 SETI 研究的关键因素。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The difficult part is differentiating signals from Earth technology from the kind of signals we’d be looking for from technology somewhere else in the Galaxy”(困难的部分是区分来自地球技术的信号和我们在银河系其他地方寻找的信号) 可知，SETI 项目最具挑战的部分是区分地球技术信号和外星技术信号。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“SETI will probably use a mixture of classical and machine-learning approaches to sort through data. Classical algorithms (经典算法) remain excellent at picking up signals, and machine learning can’t do everything," says Jean-Luc Margot, an astronomer at UCLA.”（SETI可能会混合使用经典方法和机器学习方法来整理数据。加州大学洛杉矶分校的天文学家Jean-Luc Margot说:“经典算法在获取信号方面仍然很出色，机器学习不能做所有事情。）可知，最后一段主要关于SETI项目的进一步计划。故选B。 （八） 【来源】陕西省西安市铁一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 A new study has found that smiling at London bus drivers increases happiness. The finding feels obvious and unexpected at the same time. The authors of the research, which was conducted by the University of Sussex and others, hope it will lead to “more interaction and kindness on buses”. On the Number 24 bus to Hampstead Heath, Londoners are sceptical. “Bus drivers,” says Liz Hands, a passenger, “are generally annoying.” It might seem improbable that a report on London’s buses could change behaviour. But it has happened before. London’s buses have an underappreciated role in the history of medical science. In the 1940s, a single study of London’s transport workers transformed epidemiology (流行病学), medicine and the way we live now. Every time you go on a run, check your step-count, or take the stairs instead of the lift, you are following a path pioneered by the feet of the workers on London’s buses. In the late 1940s, doctors were worried. Britain, like many rich countries, was suffering from an “epidemic” of heart disease and no one knew why Various hypotheses (假设), such as stress, were suggested; but one thing that was not exercising researchers was exercise. The idea that health and exercise were linked “wasn’t the accepted fact that we know today”, says Nick Wareham, a professor of epidemiology at Cambridge University. Some even felt that “too much physical activity was a bad thing for your health”. Miners and farmers who did physical exercise also suffered from various diseases and died young. At this time a young doctor called Jerry Morris started to suspect that the increasing deaths from heart disease might be linked to occupation. He began studying the medical records of 31,000 London transport workers. His findings were breathtaking: conductors, who spent their time running up and down stairs, had an approximately 30% lower possibility of disease than drivers, who sat down all day. Exercise was keeping people alive. Morris’s research was eventually published in 1953, just three years after a study by Richard Doll proving the link between smoking and lung cancer. Morris’s work had consequences both big and small. Morris now also took up exercise, handing his jacket to his daughter and just running. “People thought I was bananas.” Slowly, the rest of the world took off its jacket and followed. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．The former study made much difference. B．Running was regarded as harmful behavior. C．Smiling at drivers can cure passengers’ diseases. D．London passengers can understand bus drivers well. 2．What does the underlined part “exercising researchers” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Encouraging researchers to work out. B．Helping with researchers’ inquiry. C．Holding back researchers’ progress. D．Drawing researchers’ attention. 3．How did Morris conduct his study on the transport employees? A．By carrying out survey. B．By observing their routines. C．By doing medical examinations. D．By analyzing the medical data. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Smiling and Its Effects on London Bus Drivers. B．The Evolution of London’s Transportation System. C．How London Bus Drivers Led the world to exercise. D．What Londoners Think about Studies on Bus Drivers. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了伦敦公交车司机是如何改变世界，并导致运动的发明。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“London’s buses have an underappreciated role in the history of medical science. In the 1940s, a single study of London’s transport workers transformed epidemiology (流行病学), medicine and the way we live now. (20世纪40年代，一项针对伦敦运输工人的研究改变了流行病学、医学和我们现在的生活方式)”可知，20世纪40年代的那项研究影响很大，故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“The idea that health and exercise were linked “wasn’t the accepted fact that we know today”, says Nick Wareham, a professor of epidemiology at Cambridge University. Some even felt that “too much physical activity was a bad thing for your health”. Miners and farmers who did physical exercise also suffered from various diseases and died young. (剑桥大学流行病学教授Nick Wareham表示，健康和运动有关的观点“在当时并不是我们今天所知道的公认事实”。一些人甚至认为“过多的体育活动对你的健康有害”。从事体育锻炼的矿工和农民也会患上各种疾病，英年早逝)”可知，当时认为锻炼会对健康有害，即锻炼没有引起研究人员的注意。故划线词意思是“引起研究人员的注意”。A. Encouraging researchers to work out鼓励研究人员锻炼身体；B. Helping with researchers’ inquiry协助研究人员进行调查；C. Holding back researchers’ progress阻碍研究人员的进步；D. Drawing researchers’ attention引起研究人员的注意。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“At this time a young doctor called Jerry Morris started to suspect that the increasing deaths from heart disease might be linked to occupation. He began studying the medical records of 31,000 London transport workers. ( 这时，一位名叫杰里·莫里斯的年轻医生开始怀疑，心脏病导致的超额死亡人数可能与职业有关。他开始研究31000名伦敦运输工人的医疗记录。)”可知，杰里·莫里斯医生通过分析运输工人的医疗记录展开研究，故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段“It might seem improbable that a report on London’s buses could change behaviour. But it has happened before. London’s buses have an underappreciated role in the history of medical science. In the 1940s, a single study of London’s transport workers transformed epidemiology (流行病学), medicine and the way we live now. Every time you go on a run, check your step-count, or take the stairs instead of the lift, you are following a path pioneered by the feet of the workers on London’s buses. (一份关于伦敦公交车的报告似乎不太可能改变人们的行为。但这种情况以前也发生过。伦敦的公共汽车在医学科学史上的作用被低估了。20世纪40年代，一项针对伦敦交通工人的研究改变了流行病学、医学和我们现在的生活方式。每当你跑步、检查步数、或走楼梯而不是乘电梯时，你都是在追随伦敦公共汽车上工人们的脚步)”可知，文章主要说明了伦敦公共汽车上的工人曾经改变了人们如今的生活方式，曾经人们认为锻炼有害身体，结果对工人的研究发现锻炼使人保持活力。可知，C选项“How London Bus Drivers Led the world to exercise. (伦敦巴士司机如何引领世界运动)”最符合题意。故选C。 （九） 【来源】陕西省西安市铁一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 Like many people over the past few years, I have found myself turning to audiobooks as my main means of reading literature. After a day of squinting (眯眼看) at my laptop, I find it far more comfortable to“ read with my ears” while my eyes are resting. My consumption of news has doubled as a result-but a recent-paper makes me wonder if this will come at the price of my comprehension. The study comes from Boaz Keysar and Janet Geipel, both at the University of Chicago, and it draws from the “dual process model” of mental processing. According to this view, we have two ways of assessing information. System 1 is intuitive (直觉的), relying on natural ability and feeling. It is quick, but likely exposed to misinformation. System 2 is analytical involving the use of logic reasoning. It is mentally demanding. When it is engaged, we think our way through the material step by step. For decades, psychologists have designed various tests to determine which of these two systems a person is using. As one example, consider the following question: How many animals of each kind did Moses take on the Ark (方舟)? If you answered two, you were probably only considering the core of the question, which is System 1 thinking. To get to the right answer—zero, you need to think more carefully about the wording, which would allow you to remember it was Noah who built the Ark, not Moses. That is the kind of analytical process. Keysar and Geipel’s brilliant idea was to investigate whether the sensory form — seeing vs. hearing — of the information would make a difference. They found that it did: when answering these kinds of simple questions, participants were more likely to make errors when the sentences were spoken out loud, rather than written. A greater reliance on our feelings could be a problem if we are consuming information that needs logical study. For this reason, I will return to reading non-fiction with my eyes rather than my ears. But I won’t stop listening to novels. I am quite happy to go, with the flow of my emotions while my critical mind takes a break. 1．What does the author think of listening to audiobooks? A．It slows his reading progress. B．It is the only means of reading books for him. C．It consumes much time when listening to a book. D．It gives his eyes a break before screens. 2．Which of the following best describes System 2 model? A．Fairly reliable. B．Fully automatic. C．Question-centered. D．Emotion-involved. 3．Why is the Ark mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To present a fact. B．To illustrate a view. C．To introduce a topic. D．To draw a conclusion. 4．What does the author intend to tell us? A．Listening to books comes at a price. B．Reading non-fiction books benefits. C．Critical thinking is a must in reading. D．Ways of processing information differ. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要围绕作者使用有声书作为阅读方式的经历和体验展开，并引入了一项关于信息处理方式的研究，以此为基础探讨了有声书对阅读理解可能产生的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“After a day of squinting (眯眼看) at my laptop, I find it far more comfortable to“ read with my ears” while my eyes are resting.(在眯着眼睛盯着笔记本电脑一天之后，我发现在眼睛休息的时候“用耳朵阅读”要舒服得多。)”可知，作者认为听有声读物会让他的眼睛在屏幕前休息一下。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“System 2 is analytical involving the use of logic reasoning. It is mentally demanding. When it is engaged, we think our way through the material step by step.(系统2是分析性的，涉及逻辑推理的使用。这是精神上的要求。当它参与时，我们一步一步地思考材料。)”可知，System 2涉及使用逻辑推理进行信息处理，它要求精神上的努力，通过一步一步地思考材料来得出结论。因此，System 2的结果相对可靠。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“As one example, consider the following question: How many animals of each kind did Moses take on the Ark (方舟)? If you answered two, you were probably only considering the core of the question, which is System 1 thinking. To get to the right answer—zero, you need to think more carefully about the wording, which would allow you to remember it was Noah who built the Ark, not Moses. That is the kind of analytical process.(举个例子，考虑下面的问题：摩西带了多少种动物上了方舟？如果你回答了两个，你可能只考虑了问题的核心，即系统1思维。为了得到正确的答案——零，你需要更仔细地思考措辞，这将使你记住是诺亚建造了方舟，而不是摩西。这是一种分析过程。)”可知，作者提到方舟是为了举例说明一个观点，即System 1和System 2在处理信息时的不同方式。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“After a day of squinting (眯眼看) at my laptop, I find it far more comfortable to“ read with my ears” while my eyes are resting. My consumption of news has doubled as a result-but a recent-paper makes me wonder if this will come at the price of my comprehension.(在眯着眼睛盯着笔记本电脑一天之后，我发现在眼睛休息的时候“用耳朵阅读”要舒服得多。因此，我对新闻的消费翻了一番——但最近的一篇论文让我怀疑，这是否会以我的理解力为代价。)”可知，作者通过分享自己使用有声书作为阅读方式的经历，以及引入关于信息处理方式的研究，因此作者意在表明听书可能会带来理解上的代价。故选A。 （十） 【来源】河南开封各县市重点高中2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 A Midsummer Night’s Dream may be one of Shakespeare’s most performed play—but its latest version from the Royal Shakespeare Company will be unlike any seen before. Titled Dream, the 50-minute online production combines live performance with motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology, 3D graphics, and interactive gaming techniques that let audiences remotely guide the leading character Puck through a virtual forest. As live theater put some seriously high-tech fairy (小精灵) factors into practice, Dream promises to bring the rarest version of the play to our screens. In 2016, the theater’s production of The Tempest used live motion-capture technology to create a 3D digital image that was projected above the stage. The difference this time is that everything in the play—the performers and their surroundings—will be shown virtually. Seven actors will perform in a specially-built studio in Portsmouth, southern England, wearing motion-capture suits. They will be surrounded by a 360-degree camera set, made up of 47 cameras with every movement almost immediately presented digitally, which is presented to viewers online. With its much-reduced characters, Dream is not a complete production of A Midsummer Night’s Dream; rather, it is a story inspired by it, focusing on Puck and the fairies. Up to 2,000 audience members for each performance can become part of the show and will be invited to guide Puck through the forest. Onscreen, the chosen audience will appear as a cloud of tiny fireflies (萤火虫). By using their mouse or finger on the screen of a smart device, they will be able to move their firefly across the screen, and Puck will be at their beck and call to go through the virtual space. For viewers watching at home, the virtual fairies moving through a digital forest will look more like a video game than the average Royal Shakespeare Company show. But the performances are delivered live and in real time. Every night’s performance will be unique. “Without the fireflies—the audiences—Puck wouldn’t be going anywhere,” said E.M. Williams who plays the role. “The audiences are very much the fuel and the energy of the show.” 1．What makes Dream different from The Tempest? A．The number of actors and actresses. B．The surroundings around the performers. C．The 3D digital image it chooses to show. D．The way it presents everything in the play. 2．Which aspect of the play does Paragraph 3 focus on? A．Its leading characters. B．The design of its content. C．Its production process. D．The inspiration for the play. 3．What does the underlined part “be at their beck and call” in the last but one paragraph mean? A．Be willing to guide them. B．Be likely to receive a call. C．Be difficult to control. D．Be ready to follow their order. 4．What do E.M. Williams’ words in the last paragraph show? A．The cost of the show. B．The pleasure of the audiences. C．The importance of the audiences. D．The task of the leading character. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了皇家莎士比亚剧团利用虚拟体验技术使观众参与剧中，给观众带来全新的体验。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The difference this time is that everything in the play—the performers and their surroundings—will be shown virtually. (这次的不同之处在于，剧中的一切——演员和他们周围的环境——都将以虚拟的方式呈现)”可知，对于剧中的人物和环境的呈现方式使得Dream区别于The Tempest。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Seven actors will perform in a specially-built studio in Portsmouth, southern England, wearing motion-capture suits. They will be surrounded by a 360-degree camera set, made up of 47 cameras with every movement almost immediately presented digitally, which is presented to viewers online. With its much-reduced characters, Dream is not a complete production of A Midsummer Night’s Dream; rather, it is a story inspired by it, focusing on Puck and the fairies. (七名演员将穿着动作捕捉服，在英格兰南部朴茨茅斯的一个专门建造的摄影棚里表演。他们将被一个由47台摄像机组成的360度摄像机包围，每一个动作都几乎立即以数字方式呈现，并在线呈现给观众。《仲夏夜之梦》的角色被大大删减，因此《梦》并不是一部完整的作品；相反，它是一个受其启发的故事，主要讲述帕克和仙女们的故事)”可知，该段主要侧重讲述这部剧的制作过程。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线短语前的“Up to 2,000 audience members for each performance can become part of the show and will be invited to guide Puck through the forest (每场演出最多有2000名观众可以成为演出的一部分，并将被邀请引导Puck穿过森林)”以及画线短语后的“to go through the virtual space”可知，观众通过使用鼠标或手指在智能设备的屏幕上移动萤火虫，而Puck会随时待命，即跟随它们的指引，通过虚拟空间。故划线词意思是“准备好服从他们的命令”。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Without the fireflies—the audiences—Puck wouldn’t be going anywhere,” said E.M. Williams who plays the role. “The audiences are very much the fuel and the energy of the show.” (“没有萤火虫——没有观众——Puck哪儿也去不了，”扮演Puck的E.M.威廉姆斯说。“观众是这部剧的燃料和能量。”)”可知，没有观众所扮演的萤火虫的指引，这部剧的主角Puck哪儿也去不了。观众就是这部剧的“燃料”和“能量”。由此推知，E.M. Williams强调了观众的重要性。故选C。 （十一） 【来源】河南开封各县市重点高中2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 It had always been assumed that the rarity of lightning in ocean storms was due to cleaner air over the vast seas, but keen observations have shown that even highly polluted air is associated with reduced lightning at sea when sea spray aerosols (气溶胶) are abundant. In their paper published in the journal Nature Communications, an international team of researchers describes their multi-year study of atmospheric conditions over the oceans bordering Africa and what it showed about salt in sea spray aerosols and its impact on lightning. The researchers obtained atmospheric data on Africa and the oceans around it for the period 2013 to 2017. The data included numbers of lightning flashes, rainfall, temperatures and cloud representations. They looked for differences in atmospheric conditions in storms that occurred over land versus those that occurred over the sea and found one main difference: the amount of salt in the air. Lightning is produced when upwardly moving air in clouds forms ice crystals (冰晶) — aerosol particles then begin to bump into one another, creating an electrical charge. Lightning happens when the electrical field in one part of the cloud becomes positively charged (usually at the top of the cloud) and another negatively charged (usually at the bottom of the cloud). And clouds form, of course, when vapor evaporates (蒸发) from the surface of the Earth and the water drops bond with aerosols. The researchers found that things are slightly different over the ocean. When water evaporates from the sea, it bears a load of salt. When the salt water bonds with aerosols to form water droplets, they tend to be bigger and heavier than those that form over land due to the salt — and that results in more of the water in the clouds falling as rain before it can rise up and form ice crystals. The result is far fewer lightning discharges. The researchers suggest their findings could be useful in improving the accuracy of both climate models and meteorological reports. It could also possibly lead some to attempt to seed storm clouds with salt to reduce their severity. 1．What is the common belief of lightning over oceans? A．Lightning pollutes the remote sea. B．Polluted air leads to less lightning at sea. C．Cleaner air results in less lightning at sea. D．Cleaner air contributes to more lightning at sea. 2．How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3? A．By presenting facts. B．By listing similarities. C．By giving examples. D．By making comparisons. 3．How do water droplets on land differ from those at sea? A．They drop much faster. B．They contain more water. C．They are bigger and heavier. D．They are smaller and lighter. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Salt in Sea Spray Worsens Storms over the Sea B．Salt in Sea Spray Keeps Lightning Strikes Away C．Lightning Strikes Are More Common over Oceans D．Sea Spray Is Found Evaporating Faster over Oceans 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现海雾中的盐可以防止雷击，解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It had always been assumed that the rarity of lightning in ocean storms was due to cleaner air over the vast seas, but keen observations have shown that even highly polluted air is associated with reduced lightning at sea when sea spray aerosols (气溶胶) are abundant.(人们一直认为，海洋风暴中闪电的罕见是由于广阔的海洋上的空气更清洁，但敏锐的观察表明，即使是高度污染的空气，当海洋喷雾气溶胶丰富时，海上闪电也会减少)”可知，人们普遍认为清洁的空气减少了海上的闪电。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Lightning is produced when upwardly moving air in clouds forms ice crystals (冰晶)—aerosol particles then begin to bump into one another, creating an electrical charge. Lightning happens when the electrical field in one part of the cloud becomes positively charged (usually at the top of the cloud) and another negatively charged (usually at the bottom of the cloud). And clouds form, of course, when vapor evaporates (蒸发) from the surface of the Earth and the water drops bond with aerosols.(当云层中向上移动的空气形成冰晶时，闪电就产生了——气溶胶颗粒开始相互碰撞，产生电荷。当云的一部分电场带正电（通常在云的顶部）而另一部分电场带负电（通常在云的底部）时，闪电就会发生。当然，当水蒸气从地球表面蒸发，水滴与气溶胶结合时，云就形成了)”可推知，作者主要是通过陈述事实展开第三段。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“When the salt water bonds with aerosols to form water droplets, they tend to be bigger and heavier than those that form over land due to the salt—and that results in more of the water in the clouds falling as rain before it can rise up and form ice crystals.(当盐水与气溶胶结合形成水滴时，它们往往比陆地上因盐而形成的水滴更大、更重——这导致云层中更多的水在上升形成冰晶之前就以雨的形式落下)”可知，陆地上的水滴和海上的不同在于它们更小更轻。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“It had always been assumed that the rarity of lightning in ocean storms was due to cleaner air over the vast seas, but keen observations have shown that even highly polluted air is associated with reduced lightning at sea when sea spray aerosols (气溶胶) are abundant. In their paper published in the journal Nature Communications, an international team of researchers describes their multi-year study of atmospheric conditions over the oceans bordering Africa and what it showed about salt in sea spray aerosols and its impact on lightning.(人们一直认为，海洋风暴中闪电的罕见是由于广阔的海洋上的空气更清洁，但是敏锐的观察表明，当海洋雾气溶胶丰富时，即使是高度污染的空气也与海上闪电的减少有关。在《自然通讯》杂志上发表的一篇论文中，一个国际研究小组描述了他们对与非洲接壤的海洋大气状况的多年研究，以及该研究显示的海洋雾气溶胶中的盐及其对闪电的影响)”结合文章主要说明了研究发现海雾中的盐可以防止雷击，解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义。由此可知，B选项“海雾中的盐可以防止雷击”最符合文章标题。故选B。 （十二） 【来源】河南开封各县市重点高中2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 Around seven out of every ten Americans who work in offices do their work in an open environment, defined as at desks without meaningful partitions (隔板), according to an International Facility Management Association survey. That is, if they even have a desk- workers may be assigned only a few feet of a communal (共用的) table. The open-plan office space trend, popularized by creative agencies and technology start-ups, went mainstream because of the belief that open-space environments support innovation. More nearness between employees, the thinking went, would create more interaction and teamwork, promote social interaction and urge productivity. But in fact, purely open-plan offices have been shown to have the opposite effects, creating so much distraction (分心) that employees stayed away from each other. A study funded by Harvard Business Sehaol, the results of which were published last year, tracked what happened when a British company moved its employees from traditional office space, with offices with walls, to an open office. Face-to-face interaction became less — employees spent 72 percent less time interacting with their colleagues. Instead of talking more with each other, the employees put on headphones and began communicating by text and email. As digital communication channels surged, productivity declined. Neuroscience also holds some clues as to why the tight quarters in communal work spaces- where workers are only given about half the space they were given a decade ago- are so hard to work in. “The human voice sets off the most powerful emotional response in our auditory (听觉的) experience. Voice above 55 decibels (分贝) — roughly the sound of a loud phone call- causes measurable stress, ” according to a Wall Street Journal article,  “The Neuroscience-Optimized Office”. “Even more troublesome are overheard ‘halfversations’, in which the listener only knows about one side of a dialogue; our brains automatically imagine the other, ” wrote authors John Medina and Ryan Mullenix. But the solution, say experts including Newport, isn’t to go back to putting everyone into offices with walls. 1．What can we learn about the open office trend according to paragraph 1? A．It allows 10 people at most to work together. B．It is believed to stimulate workers’ creativity. C．It is only popular with new technology companies. D．It is aimed at promoting workers’ social interaction. 2．What does the underlined word “surged” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Suspended timely. B．Became useless. C．Cost less. D．Increased quickly. 3．What makes an open office hard to work in? A．Hearing endless noisy phone calls. B．Showing real emotions publicly. C．Facing communication barriers at work. D．Hearing part of a dialogue between colleagues. 4．What will probably be discussed in the following paragraph? A．What are benefits of the open offices with walls. B．Why the open office makes workers distracted. C．How to deal with the disadvantages of the open office. D．How to draw workers’ attention to their colleagues nearby. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了开放式办公室的流行趋势及其对员工工作效率和互动的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The open-plan office space trend, popularized by creative agencies and technology start-ups, went mainstream because of the belief that open-space environments support innovation. (开放式办公室空间的趋势，由创意机构和科技初创公司推广，成为主流，因为人们相信开放空间环境支持创新)”可知，开放式办公室的流行趋势是因为人们相信它能激发员工的创造力。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Instead of talking more with each other, the employees put on headphones and began communicating by text and email. (员工们没有更多地互相交谈，而是戴上耳机，开始通过短信和电子邮件进行交流)”可知，员工们开始更多地使用数字通信渠道，数字通信渠道的激增，划线词surged意为“迅速增加”。A. Suspended timely及时暂停；B. Became useless变得无用；C. Cost less成本更低；D. Increased quickly增长迅速。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Even more troublesome are overheard ‘halfversations’, in which the listener only knows about one side of a dialogue; our brains automatically imagine the other, ” wrote authors John Medina and Ryan Mullenix. (更麻烦的是无意中听到的‘半句话’，听者只知道对话的一面；我们的大脑会自动想象对方，”作者约翰·梅迪纳和瑞安·穆勒尼克斯写道。)”可知，开放式办公室难以工作的原因是听到同事之间对话的一部分。故选D。 4． 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But the solution, say experts including Newport, isn’t to go back to putting everyone into offices with walls. (但包括纽波特在内的专家表示，解决方案不是让每个人都回到有墙的办公室)”可推测，接下来可能会讨论如何解决开放式办公室的缺点。故选C。 （十三） 【来源】河南开封各县市重点高中2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 Do you know the websites that let you name a star after your beloved one, your kid or your dog for a small fee? Yeah, those are all fake— you could pay me to “name” a star for $50, and I’ll take your money and show the name online. I’ll even send you a fancy certificate! It seems that you’ve named a star, but it just doesn’t count. Actually, the only organization that owns official naming rights is the International Astronomical Union, or the IAU. It was founded in 1919 and based in Paris, France. It is where astronomers and other professionals have reached the agreements and is the official record-keeping body for all discoveries in space. Recently they do open up an opportunity for the public to name a dozen of planets outside the solar system. These planets will be among the first to be studied with the James Webb Space Telescope. However, they currently only have boring and complicated documents that were used to find them. That’s why the IAU is looking for something more interesting. But before you start naming the planets, you should know the rules. First, nothing is rude or annoying. Second, the name should be less than 16 characters long and pronounceable in at least one language with no commercial or business names and nothing is named after a living individual or a pet. The competition, named “Stars Worlds”, is open next Thursday, January 20th. It’s the third such contest the IAU has held, and the purpose is to get the public more interested in science as well as the organization. The competition also helps to break centuries of European dominance when it comes to naming things in the night sky. So people around the world can share the joy of discovery and make their mark in history. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the passage? A．By listing figures. B．By taking an example. C．By offering a solution. D．By showing differences. 2．What can we know about the IAU from the passage? A．It was founded by France. B．It studies the space telescope. C．It organizes trips to the space. D．It has the right to name the stars. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Why the competition is held. B．How the competition develops. C．What to expect in the competition. D．How to take part in the competition. 4．Where is this passage most likely taken from? A．A novel. B．A textbook. C．A diary. D．A magazine. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文为说明文。文章介绍了拥有行星命名权的官方机构——国际天文学联盟、该机构举办的第三届给星球命名的公众活动及活动规则。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Yeah, those are all fake— you could pay me to “name” a star for $50, and I’ll take your money and show the name online. I’ll even send you a fancy certificate!  It seems that you’ve named a star, but it just doesn’t count.”（是的，这些都是假的——你可以花50美元给我“命名”一个行星，我会拿着你的钱在网上展示这个名字。我甚至会给你寄一份精美的证书！看起来你已经命名了一颗行星，但这并不算数。）可知，为了让读者对骗子网站的操作一目了然，作者以自己可以随意给行星命名来举例引出本文的主要内容——介绍IAU组织及其给星球命名的活动。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Actually, the only organization that owns official naming rights is the International Astronomical Union, or the IAU. It was founded in 1919 and based in Paris, France. It is where astronomers and other professionals have reached the agreements and is the official record-keeping body for all discoveries in space.”（事实上，唯一拥有官方命名权的组织是国际天文学联合会，简称IAU。它成立于1919年，总部设在法国巴黎。它是天文学家和其他专业人士达成协议的地方，也是所有太空发现的官方记录保存机构。）可知，从文章中我们可以了解到关于IAU，它有权为星星命名。故选D项。 3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The competition, named “Stars Worlds”, is open next Thursday, January 20th. It’s the third such contest the IAU has held, and the purpose is to get the public more interested in science as well as the organization. The competition also helps to break centuries of European dominance when it comes to naming things in the night sky. So people around the world can share the joy of discovery and make their mark in history.”（这场名为“群星世界”的比赛将于1月20日（下周四开）幕。这是国际天文学联合会第三次举办这样的比赛，目的是让公众对科学和该组织更感兴趣。这项竞赛还有助于打破欧洲在夜空天体命名方面几个世纪以来的主导地位。这样世界各地的人们就可以分享发现的喜悦，并在历史上留下自己的印记。）可知，最后一段主要讲的是活动举办的目的。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中的“The competition, named ‘Stars Worlds’, is open next Thursday, January 20th.”（这场名为“群星世界”的比赛将于1月20日（下周四）开幕。）可知，本文介绍了真正拥有行星命名权的组织机构，本文时效性较强，应该是从报刊杂志上节选出来的。故选D项。 （十四） 【来源】江西省部分名校2023-2024学年高二（新高三）下学期7月期末联考英语试题 Researchers have developed a groundbreaking method of storing and handling valuable biological materials that removes the limitations of refrigerated storage. The novel method has potential applications in healthcare and scientific research. Biological materials that come from human cells, like enzymes, proteins, and antibodies, are crucial to developing new medicines and diagnostic tests. And they’re fragile. Extremely temperature-sensitive, they require a constant temperature during storage, handling, and transportation. If not stored or handled correctly, these materials will be inactive, which can be costly. Most biological materials are stored as liquids or freeze-dried powders and kept at low temperatures for the duration of their shelf life. This is achieved through a complex integrated system of refrigerators and freezers known as the cold chain. This requires a significant investment in equipment and infrastructure, making it expensive to maintain, and makes the cold chain prone to shipping delays, power outages, equipment failure and human error. Inspired from the home medicine cabinet (储藏柜), where medications are stored in the form of liquids, powder-filled capsules, and tablets, researchers at California Polytechnic State University have developed a new storage platform based on the humble tablet that would enable biological materials to be compressed (压缩) into a solid state. Tablets provide advantages to the storage and handling of biomaterials that the cold chain doesn’t. For one thing, they can be stored at room temperature. And, when they’re required, the tablet can be dissolved in water. “Our innovation makes storing and using biomaterials as straightforward as an effervescent tablet (泡腾片). Just drop it into water, mix, and it’s ready to go,” said the researcher of the study. The researchers say their new tablet-based storage and handling method is easy to use and doesn’t require special training, making it suitable for many applications. They also see potential uses beyond just improving the storage and handling of biological materials. By modifying (修改) the tablet coatings, this solid-state storage platform could withstand extreme conditions like heat, humidity, and chemicals. These changes might eventually allow injectable medications, such as insulin, to be taken orally. 1．What is a special requirement to store biological materials? A．Constant temperature maintenance. B．Exposure to various temperatures. C．Periodically freezing and melting. D．Direct contact with air. 2．What is the researchers’ attitude to their storage method? A．Favorable. B．Skeptical. C．Disappointed. D．Grateful. 3．Which word can replace the underlined word “withstand” in the last paragraph? A．Demonstrate. B．Stand. C．Adopt. D．Distinguish. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Challenges of storing biological materials. B．The making process of effervescent tablets. C．Healthcare applications of biological materials. D．A new tablet storage method of biological materials. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了加州州立理工大学的研究人员通过研究，找到了可以在常温下存储和处理生物材料的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“And they’re fragile. Extremely temperature-sensitive, they require a constant temperature during storage, handling, and transportation. If not stored or handled correctly, these materials will be inactive, which can be costly.(而且它们很脆弱。它们对温度极为敏感，在储存、搬运和运输过程中需要恒温。如果储存或处理不当，这些材料将处于非活性状态，这可能会带来高昂的成本)”可知，生物材料对温度极其敏感，在储存、处理和运输过程中需要恒定的环境温度。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段““Our innovation makes storing and using biomaterials as straightforward as an effervescent tablet (泡腾片). Just drop it into water, mix, and it’s ready to go,” said the researcher of the study.(该研究的研究人员说：“我们的创新使生物材料的储存和使用变得像泡腾片一样简单。只需将其放入水中，混合，即可使用。”)”以及最后一段“The researchers say their new tablet-based storage and handling method is easy to use and doesn’t require special training, making it suitable for many applications. They also see potential uses beyond just improving the storage and handling of biological materials.(研究人员表示，他们新的基于平板电脑的存储和处理方法易于使用，不需要特殊培训，因此适用于许多应用。他们还看到了除了改善生物材料的储存和处理之外的潜在用途)”可知，研究人员认为储存方法很简单，并易于使用，由此可知，研究人员对他们的储存方法持赞成的态度。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“By modifying (修改) the tablet coatings, this solid-state storage platform could withstand extreme conditions like heat, humidity, and chemicals.(通过修改平板电脑的涂层，这种固态存储平台可以withstand高温、潮湿和化学物质等极端条件)”可推知，此处表示经过涂层修改后，固态存储平台可以承受极端条件，划线单词表示“承受”，与Stand意义相近。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文以及第一段“Researchers have developed a groundbreaking method of storing and handling valuable biological materials that removes the limitations of refrigerated storage. The novel method has potential applications in healthcare and scientific research.(研究人员开发了一种突破性的储存和处理有价值生物材料的方法，消除了冷藏的局限性。这种新方法在医疗保健和科学研究方面具有潜在的应用前景)”可知，本文主要介绍了加州州立理工大学的研究人员通过研究，找到的一种可以在常温下存储和处理生物材料的方法。故选D。 （十五） 【来源】江西省部分名校2023-2024学年高二（新高三）下学期7月期末联考英语试题 Exercise lowers the risk of many diseases, but scientists still don’t fully understand how exercise changes the body on a molecular (分子的) level. Most studies have focused on a single organ, sex, or time point, and only include one or two data types. To take a more comprehensive look at the biology of exercise, scientists with the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) used a range of techniques in the lab to analyze molecular changes in rats as they were put through the paces of weeks of intense exercise. The team studied a range of tissues from the animals, such as the heart, brain, and lungs. They found that each of the organs they looked at changed with exercise, helping the body to regulate the immune system (免疫系统), respond to stress, and control pathways connected to inflammatory (发炎的) liver disease, heart disease, and tissue injury. The data provide potential clues into many different human health conditions; for example, the researchers found a possible explanation for why the liver becomes less fatty during exercise, which could help in the development of new treatments for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The team hopes that their findings could one day be used to tailor exercise to an individual’s health status or to develop treatments that mimic the effects of physical activity for people who are unable to exercise. They have already started studies on people to track the molecular effects of exercise. “It took a village of scientists with distinct scientific backgrounds to generate and integrate the massive amount of high-quality data,” said a co-senior author of the study. “This is the first whole-organism map looking at the effects of training in multiple different organs. The resource produced will be enormously valuable, and has already produced many potentially novel biological insights for further exploration.” 1．What is the primary focus of the studies conducted by MoTrPAC? A．The overall molecular changes due to exercise. B．The impact of exercise on immune system only. C．The effects of exercise limited to heart and lungs. D．The molecular effects of exercise on a single organ. 2．What potential application does the research have? A．It makes for developing new sports equipment. B．It can be used to predict the effects of exercise. C．It explains how exercise increases stress levels. D．It can help understand various health conditions. 3．What is the researchers’ current work? A．Tailoring exercise programs based on the molecular data. B．Developing treatment s that mimic the effects of exercise. C．Studying the molecular effects of exercise in human subjects. D．Expanding the study to a broader range of health conditions. 4．What can we infer about the research from the last paragraph? A．It’s commercial. B．It’s a team’s effort. C．It’s insignificant. D．It’s an interesting debate. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了体育活动分子传感器联盟的科学家通过研究，揭示了运动给身体不同器官带来的变化并探讨了其对健康的潜在益处。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“To take a more comprehensive look at the biology of exercise, scientists with the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) used a range of techniques in the lab to analyze molecular changes in rats as they were put through the paces of weeks of intense exercise.(为了更全面地了解运动的生物学作用，体育活动分子传感器联盟的科学家们在实验室里使用了一系列技术来分析老鼠在经历数周高强度运动时的分子变化)”可知，MoTrPAC进行的研究的主要重点是实验鼠在经过几周的高强度运动后分子层面的变化。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The data provide potential clues into many different human health conditions; for example, the researchers found a possible explanation for why the liver becomes less fatty during exercise, which could help in the development of new treatments for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.(这些数据为许多不同的人类健康状况提供了潜在线索；例如，研究人员发现了一种可能的解释，可以解释为什么肝脏在运动期间脂肪含量会减少，这可能有助于开发治疗非酒精性脂肪肝的新方法) ”可知，研究数据提供了多种人类健康状况的潜在线索，可以帮助了解各种健康状况。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段的“They have already started studies on people to track the molecular effects of exercise.(他们已经开始对人体进行研究，以追踪运动的分子效应)”可知，研究团队已经开始对人类进行研究，以追踪运动的分子效应。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““It took a village of scientists with distinct scientific backgrounds to generate and integrate the massive amount of high-quality data,” said a co-senior author of the study. “This is the first whole-organism map looking at the effects of training in multiple different organs. The resource produced will be enormously valuable, and has already produced many potentially novel biological insights for further exploration.”(该研究的一位资深合作者表示：“这需要一群拥有不同科学背景的科学家来生成和整合大量高质量的数据。”“这是首个观察训练对多个不同器官影响的全生物体图谱。所产生的资源将非常有价值，并且已经产生了许多潜在的新的生物学见解，可供进一步探索。”)”可知，这项研究需要一群来自不同专业领域的科学家来生成和整合大量高质量的数据，因此这项研究是一个团队合作的成果。故选B。 1 / 34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 阅读理解【期末必刷15篇】 考查范围：主题、语篇范围 题号 难度 知识点 阅读理解 1 适中 竞技/比赛,广告/布告,应用文 2 适中 个人信息 ,说明文 3 较易 人与动植物,说明文 4 适中 社会问题与社会现象,说明文,直接理解,语意转化,逻辑推理 5 适中 哲理感悟,记叙文,个人经历 6 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 7 较易 说明文,宇宙探险 8 适中 体育健身 ,科普知识 ,说明文 9 适中 阅读 ,科普知识 ,说明文 10 适中 科学技术 ,说明文 11 较易 科普知识 ,说明文 12 适中 社会问题与社会现象,说明文 13 适中 科普知识 ,科学技术 ,说明文 14 适中 发明与创造 ,科学技术 ,说明文 15 适中 科普知识 ,新闻报道,锻炼/健身（个人） （一） 【来源】广东省广州市第五中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 MiG Prize 2024 The Michel Gelrubin Architecture Prize is designed to bring out new talents by giving students an opportunity for international recognition. Open internationally, the Prize is awarded annually to honor students whose work demonstrates a combination of vision and talent in the art of architecture and planning. This Year’s Challenge This year’s competition invites proposals for projects that integrate at least 3 different uses into a building. The projects should include private and public spaces, and consider the urban context. Timeline Launch: August 1st, 2024 Registration Deadline: September 15th, 2024 (registration is free) Submission Deadline: November 19th, 2024 Result Announcement: December 17th, 2024 Prizes First prize   $5,000 Second prize $2,500 Third prize  $1,500 The Jury (评委会) The projects will be scored based on their originality, design, environmental effects, and presentation. Participation The competition is open to any student studying architecture during the academic year 2024-2025. Candidates can apply as individuals or as teams. Materials Electronic submission of the project files must include: ● Posters that integrate the documents explaining the project [plans, sections, elevations, photos, renderings (透视图), illustrations, images, diagrams, and text] ● A presentation of the project (max 15 slides) ● A video file (max 3 min.) is optional but highly recommended. ● All the documents must be written in English and sent in a PDF format (except the videos). For more information, see https://migprize.com. 1．What do we know about the competition? A．It offers $ 1,500 for second prize. B．It is open to all graduates in architecture. C．It charges an all-time low registration fee this year. D．It focuses on designing a mixed-use building this year. 2．By which time should all the project files be handed in? A．August 1st, 2024. B．September 15th, 2024. C．November 19th, 2024. D．December 17th, 2024. 3．Which of the following must be included in the submission? A．Integrated posters in the English version. B．A video file of no more than 3 minutes. C．A presentation of no less than 15 slides. D．Paper documents explaining the project. （二） 【来源】广东省广州市第五中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 A master of words, a literary genius and a philosopher, Russian author Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) is known by many as the greatest writer of all time. Even in 2020, 110 years after his death, his two greatest masterpieces, War and Peace and Anna Karenina, continue to be widely read, appreciated and highly influential. “If the world could write by itself, it would write like Tolstoy,” the Russian author Isaak Babel once said. Tolstoy’s realistic fiction is famous for its powers of observation and ability to mine the depths of human consciousness, such as the psychological exploration of a married woman in Anna Karenina. In War and Peace, Tolstoy also describes Russia’s national soul and expresses public unity through his many characters. His characters feel alive; they grow, they change and they stick in the minds of readers long after the final page is turned. Tolstoy’s influence on literature is without comparison. Authors regularly mention his novels as their highest ambition, works that they could only dream of writing themselves. American writer Francis Scott called Tolstoy the “greatest of all novelists” in his essay. He wrote, “from his first words, we can be sure of one thing at any rate – here is a man who sees what we see, who proceeds, too, as we are accustomed to proceeding, not from the outside inwards but from the inside outwards.” “He defends fundamental values such as love, friendship and family relations. He gives positive answers to the questions mankind is asking. In this sense he gives more hope,” Tolstoy’s great-great grandson, Vladimir Ilyich Tolstoy, said. Tolstoy’s message of peace has even had an effect on the real world. He inspired the leader of India’s independence movement, Mahatma Ghandi, and his philosophy of non-violence over the course of a year in which they wrote letters to each other. 1．What does the second paragraph intend to tell us? A．The writing style of Tolstoy. B．Tolstoy’s influence on other authors. C．The characters in Tolstoy’s works. D．The introduction to the greatest works of Tolstoy. 2．Which words can best describe Tolstoy according to the passage? A．Humorous and caring. B．Determined and optimistic. C．Productive and hard-working. D．Insightful and peace-loving. 3．How does the author introduce Tolstoy in this passage? A．By contrasting with other authors. B．By analyzing characteristics of his works. C．By quoting comments and opinions. D．By describing his deeds in life. 4．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Tolstoy and His Works B．Tolstoy’s Life and Achievements C．War and Peace: a Great Masterpiece D．Tolstoy: a Writer Beyond Comparison （三） 【来源】广东省广州市第五中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 A wild African bird that will lead people to trees with honeycomb (蜂巢) seems to somehow learn the distinct whistles and calls of the human foragers (觅食者) who live near them. This bird species has far more information about what the bees are doing than humans ever could. In Tanzania, Hadza foragers can use a special whistle to attract this bird, which will then fly down and start leading them to honey. With its noisy chattering sound, the bird is very conspicuous. Once the bird arrives at a tree with honey inside, it will rest near the beehive silently, seemingly not to disturb the bees. “That’s the signal to the Hadza to really start searching,” says Brian Wood, an anthropologist at University of California, Los Angeles. Pretty soon, the foragers will locate the hive and cut open the tree trunk. It is found that the birds are more likely to show up when the familiar signal used by the locals is being broadcast. According to the research, the birds appear 82% of the time when Hadza whistles are being played. But they appear only 24% of the time when the researchers play the whistles traditionally used in a different country. This makes it clear that the birds have learned what their human neighbors do when they want to partner up and go honey-hunting. “This is a very strong result which supports the idea that there’s a learning process involved,” says Wood. But how do the birds learn? It’s still unclear. What is clear is that this human-animal communication seems to benefit both parties, and it may go back many thousands of years. When the honeycomb is out, the birds get some of the beeswax, which they love to eat. And the human foragers get the honey—which is an enormously important food for the Hadza. Wood has calculated that the Hadza get about 10% of the calories in their annual diet with the help of the birds. 1．What does the underlined word “conspicuous” in Para.2mean? A．Eye-catching. B．Care-free. C．Naughty. D．Attractive. 2．What can we know about the birds? A．They are raised by humans. B．They help cut open the tree trunk. C．They feed on honey as their annual diet. D．They can distinguish different whistles. 3．Which of the following can best describe the honey gathering? A．A complex dilemma. B．An unfair trade. C．A double-edged sword. D．A win-win cooperation. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．The familiar signal in the forest. B．A talented expert in hunting the bees. C．A wonderful guide to collecting honey. D．The human-animal communication in Tanzania. （四） 【来源】广东省广州市第五中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they're stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders. So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it's not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets. It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women's family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren't more females in top leadership positions in business and politics. Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions. As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it's only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime. 1．What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center  survey? A．They have to do more to distinguish themselves. B．They have to strive harder to win their positions. C．They are stronger than men in terms of willpower. D．They are just as intelligent and innovative as men. 2．What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles? A．They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success. B．They are lacking in confidence when competing with men. C．Their failures may have something to do with family duties. D．Relatively few are affected in their career advancement. 3．What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey? A．Personality traits. B．Gender bias. C．Family responsibilities. D．Lack of vacancies. 4．What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future? A．More and more women will sit in the boardroom. B．Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change. C．The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders. D．People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders. （五） 【来源】湖南省部分学校2023-2024学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题 On a cold morning in May, I received a fascinating e-mail from a high school friend, inviting me to a 10-day all-female surfing adventure in Portugal. The offer was irresistible, and I instantly knew my answer was yes. The trip seemed simple enough. Ten women, ranging from 30 to 45years old, all strangers, would gather on the Portuguese coast to accept the challenge of surfing the Atlantic waves. As a fan of travel, I quickly sought permission from my boss for this once-in-a-lifetime journey. Through my 33 years, I’ve observed a common adult tendency: We often limit ourselves to improving skills we already have. There’s a certain pride in improving our expert knowledge, becoming increasingly knowledgeable in our chosen fields, yet unintentionally, this focus often leaves other skills undeveloped and leads to ignoring other areas of potential growth. Two days later, I arrived in Ericeira, a charming surf town, where I met my surfing group. Despite our different personalities and backgrounds, we were all united in a passionate desire to challenge ourselves, learn, tackle and grow. The shores at Ericeira, where the beginners learn to surf, are shallow and covered with slippery rocks. They make for softer waves but are difficult to navigate (驾驭). Guided by our amazing coaches, together, we faced the waves. Sometimes, it poured with rain, and the waves crashed around us, but we were still out there. And with every slip and fall, words of encouragement filled the air. Honestly, I probably spent most of my days frozen to the bone, but that didn’t matter because a new level of genuine joy and personal achievement had been unlocked. Learning a new skill taught me the humbleness that can come from doing badly at something new, and the pride that develops when you finally manage to grasp something you’ve been working on. While surfing might not be my calling, trying it out inspired me to take more risks in life, to step outside of my comfort zone and to never stop believing in myself. You never know what you’re capable of if you don’t go out there and try. 1．What motivated the author to join the surf trip to Portugal? A．The longing to seek and enjoy a challenge. B．The need to reunite with a high school friend. C．The love to meet strangers with shared interest. D．The chance to undertake work duties in Portugal. 2．What is a common tendency among adults according to the author? A．They refuse to upgrade their professional skills. B．They tend to improve their existing skills only. C．They avoid exploring new areas on purpose. D．They are too proud to improve themselves. 3．Which of the following can best describe the author’s surfing experiences? A．Tough but worthwhile. B．Common and smooth. C．Boring and discouraging. D．Relaxing but unpredictable. 4．What does the text want to convey? A．Birds of a feather flock together. B．He who laughs last, laughs best. C．Life begins at the end of your comfort zone. D．The grass is always greener on the other side. （六） 【来源】湖南省部分学校2023-2024学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题 Spending time outdoors, especially in green spaces, is one of the fastest ways to improve your health and happiness. It can lower stress, blood pressure and heart rate. Doctors are increasingly taking these findings seriously and using them to their patients. Now, a new study published in the International Journal of Environmental Health Research adds to the evidence and shows just how little time it takes to get the benefits of being outside. Spending just 20 minutes in a park — even if you don’t exercise while you’re there — is enough to improve well-being, according to the research. For the study, researchers surveyed 94 adults who visited one of three urban parks over the summer and fall. They were given fitness trackers to measure physical activity but were not told what to do in the park or how long to stay. Each person also answered questions about their life satisfaction and mood — which were used to calculate a subjective well-being score, with a maximum value of 55 — before and after their park visit. The average park visit lasted 32 minutes, and 30% of people engaged in at least moderate-intensity (中等强度) physical activity while there. Well-being scores rose during the park visit in 60% of people, with an average increase of about 1.5 points (from about 37 to 39). For many people in the study, simply being in green space seemed to be enough to make a change. The medical community is increasingly viewing green space as a place for their patients to gain physical and mental health benefits. Some physicians, like Dr. Robert Zarr, are even writing prescriptions (处方) for it. By writing nature prescriptions, physicians are encouraging their patients to get outdoors and take advantage of what many view to be free medicine. 1．What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Health. B．Happiness. C．Staying outdoors. D．Taking exercise. 2．What did the new study find? A．Being outside costs a lot. B．A 20-minute break in nature is beneficial. C．Exercise is enough to improve well-being. D．Spending time outdoors is the fastest way to improve happiness. 3．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．The participants were recorded subjectively. B．The participants were recorded all the year round. C．The participants had to stay in the park for at least 20 minutes. D．The participants’ mood was calculated by their answering questions. 4．What does Dr. Robert Zarr think of spending time outdoors? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Unconcerned. D．Unclear. （七） 【来源】湖南省部分学校2023-2024学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题 From the hills of West Virginia to the flats of rural Australia, some of the world’s largest telescopes are listening for signals from distant alien (外星的) civilizations. The project, known as SETI, is an effort to find artificial looking electromagnetic-radiation (电磁辐射) signals that might have come from a technologically advanced civilization in a far-away solar system. A recent study describes one of several efforts to use machine learning, a subset of AI, to help astronomers quickly sort through the large amounts of data such surveys generate. As AI reshapes many scientific fields, what promise does it hold for the search for life beyond Earth? “It is a new era for SETI research that is opening up thanks to machine learning technology,” says Franck Marchis, a planetary astronomer at the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California. For decades, the field was restricted by having hardly any data at all. Most of the SETI searches that followed were also limited to a small number of stars. In 2015, billionaire Yuri Milner funded the biggest SETI programme ever: the Breakthrough Listen project to search one million stars for signs of intelligent life. But the trouble is that these searches generate large amounts of data — including false positives produced by Earthly interference (干扰) from mobile phones, GPS and other aspects of modern life. “The biggest challenge for us in looking for SETI signals is not at this point getting the data,” says Sofia Sheikh, an astronomer at the SETI Institute. “The difficult part is differentiating signals from Earth technology from the kind of signals we’d be looking for from technology somewhere else in the Galaxy.” Astronomers at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), say “They will launch a community science project in which volunteers will sort through images of radio signals and classify them as potential types of interference.” “SETI will probably use a mixture of classical and machine-learning approaches to sort through data. Classical algorithms (经典算法) remain excellent at picking up signals, and machine learning can’t do everything,” says Jean-Luc Margot, an astronomer at UCLA． 1．What is the purpose of SETI? A．To search for alien life in outer space. B．To explore the geography of Australia. C．To study the ancient civilization of Earth. D．To send radio signals to the distant solar system. 2．What is the key factor in SETI research? A．The upgrade of data-storing equipment. B．The application of machine-learning technology. C．The development of radio communication systems. D．The invention of the largest telescope in the world. 3．What is the most challenging part of the SETI project? A．Raising funds for long-term research. B．Obtaining enough data from one million stars. C．Distinguishing alien signals from human signals. D．Avoiding interfering with GPS and mobile phones. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Advantages of classical algorithms. B．Further plan for the SETI programme. C．The goal of the community-science project. D．Improvements in machine-learning approaches. （八） 【来源】陕西省西安市铁一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 A new study has found that smiling at London bus drivers increases happiness. The finding feels obvious and unexpected at the same time. The authors of the research, which was conducted by the University of Sussex and others, hope it will lead to “more interaction and kindness on buses”. On the Number 24 bus to Hampstead Heath, Londoners are sceptical. “Bus drivers,” says Liz Hands, a passenger, “are generally annoying.” It might seem improbable that a report on London’s buses could change behaviour. But it has happened before. London’s buses have an underappreciated role in the history of medical science. In the 1940s, a single study of London’s transport workers transformed epidemiology (流行病学), medicine and the way we live now. Every time you go on a run, check your step-count, or take the stairs instead of the lift, you are following a path pioneered by the feet of the workers on London’s buses. In the late 1940s, doctors were worried. Britain, like many rich countries, was suffering from an “epidemic” of heart disease and no one knew why Various hypotheses (假设), such as stress, were suggested; but one thing that was not exercising researchers was exercise. The idea that health and exercise were linked “wasn’t the accepted fact that we know today”, says Nick Wareham, a professor of epidemiology at Cambridge University. Some even felt that “too much physical activity was a bad thing for your health”. Miners and farmers who did physical exercise also suffered from various diseases and died young. At this time a young doctor called Jerry Morris started to suspect that the increasing deaths from heart disease might be linked to occupation. He began studying the medical records of 31,000 London transport workers. His findings were breathtaking: conductors, who spent their time running up and down stairs, had an approximately 30% lower possibility of disease than drivers, who sat down all day. Exercise was keeping people alive. Morris’s research was eventually published in 1953, just three years after a study by Richard Doll proving the link between smoking and lung cancer. Morris’s work had consequences both big and small. Morris now also took up exercise, handing his jacket to his daughter and just running. “People thought I was bananas.” Slowly, the rest of the world took off its jacket and followed. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．The former study made much difference. B．Running was regarded as harmful behavior. C．Smiling at drivers can cure passengers’ diseases. D．London passengers can understand bus drivers well. 2．What does the underlined part “exercising researchers” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Encouraging researchers to work out. B．Helping with researchers’ inquiry. C．Holding back researchers’ progress. D．Drawing researchers’ attention. 3．How did Morris conduct his study on the transport employees? A．By carrying out survey. B．By observing their routines. C．By doing medical examinations. D．By analyzing the medical data. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Smiling and Its Effects on London Bus Drivers. B．The Evolution of London’s Transportation System. C．How London Bus Drivers Led the world to exercise. D．What Londoners Think about Studies on Bus Drivers. （九） 【来源】陕西省西安市铁一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 Like many people over the past few years, I have found myself turning to audiobooks as my main means of reading literature. After a day of squinting (眯眼看) at my laptop, I find it far more comfortable to“ read with my ears” while my eyes are resting. My consumption of news has doubled as a result-but a recent-paper makes me wonder if this will come at the price of my comprehension. The study comes from Boaz Keysar and Janet Geipel, both at the University of Chicago, and it draws from the “dual process model” of mental processing. According to this view, we have two ways of assessing information. System 1 is intuitive (直觉的), relying on natural ability and feeling. It is quick, but likely exposed to misinformation. System 2 is analytical involving the use of logic reasoning. It is mentally demanding. When it is engaged, we think our way through the material step by step. For decades, psychologists have designed various tests to determine which of these two systems a person is using. As one example, consider the following question: How many animals of each kind did Moses take on the Ark (方舟)? If you answered two, you were probably only considering the core of the question, which is System 1 thinking. To get to the right answer—zero, you need to think more carefully about the wording, which would allow you to remember it was Noah who built the Ark, not Moses. That is the kind of analytical process. Keysar and Geipel’s brilliant idea was to investigate whether the sensory form — seeing vs. hearing — of the information would make a difference. They found that it did: when answering these kinds of simple questions, participants were more likely to make errors when the sentences were spoken out loud, rather than written. A greater reliance on our feelings could be a problem if we are consuming information that needs logical study. For this reason, I will return to reading non-fiction with my eyes rather than my ears. But I won’t stop listening to novels. I am quite happy to go, with the flow of my emotions while my critical mind takes a break. 1．What does the author think of listening to audiobooks? A．It slows his reading progress. B．It is the only means of reading books for him. C．It consumes much time when listening to a book. D．It gives his eyes a break before screens. 2．Which of the following best describes System 2 model? A．Fairly reliable. B．Fully automatic. C．Question-centered. D．Emotion-involved. 3．Why is the Ark mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To present a fact. B．To illustrate a view. C．To introduce a topic. D．To draw a conclusion. 4．What does the author intend to tell us? A．Listening to books comes at a price. B．Reading non-fiction books benefits. C．Critical thinking is a must in reading. D．Ways of processing information differ. （十） 【来源】河南开封各县市重点高中2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 A Midsummer Night’s Dream may be one of Shakespeare’s most performed play—but its latest version from the Royal Shakespeare Company will be unlike any seen before. Titled Dream, the 50-minute online production combines live performance with motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology, 3D graphics, and interactive gaming techniques that let audiences remotely guide the leading character Puck through a virtual forest. As live theater put some seriously high-tech fairy (小精灵) factors into practice, Dream promises to bring the rarest version of the play to our screens. In 2016, the theater’s production of The Tempest used live motion-capture technology to create a 3D digital image that was projected above the stage. The difference this time is that everything in the play—the performers and their surroundings—will be shown virtually. Seven actors will perform in a specially-built studio in Portsmouth, southern England, wearing motion-capture suits. They will be surrounded by a 360-degree camera set, made up of 47 cameras with every movement almost immediately presented digitally, which is presented to viewers online. With its much-reduced characters, Dream is not a complete production of A Midsummer Night’s Dream; rather, it is a story inspired by it, focusing on Puck and the fairies. Up to 2,000 audience members for each performance can become part of the show and will be invited to guide Puck through the forest. Onscreen, the chosen audience will appear as a cloud of tiny fireflies (萤火虫). By using their mouse or finger on the screen of a smart device, they will be able to move their firefly across the screen, and Puck will be at their beck and call to go through the virtual space. For viewers watching at home, the virtual fairies moving through a digital forest will look more like a video game than the average Royal Shakespeare Company show. But the performances are delivered live and in real time. Every night’s performance will be unique. “Without the fireflies—the audiences—Puck wouldn’t be going anywhere,” said E.M. Williams who plays the role. “The audiences are very much the fuel and the energy of the show.” 1．What makes Dream different from The Tempest? A．The number of actors and actresses. B．The surroundings around the performers. C．The 3D digital image it chooses to show. D．The way it presents everything in the play. 2．Which aspect of the play does Paragraph 3 focus on? A．Its leading characters. B．The design of its content. C．Its production process. D．The inspiration for the play. 3．What does the underlined part “be at their beck and call” in the last but one paragraph mean? A．Be willing to guide them. B．Be likely to receive a call. C．Be difficult to control. D．Be ready to follow their order. 4．What do E.M. Williams’ words in the last paragraph show? A．The cost of the show. B．The pleasure of the audiences. C．The importance of the audiences. D．The task of the leading character. （十一） 【来源】河南开封各县市重点高中2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 It had always been assumed that the rarity of lightning in ocean storms was due to cleaner air over the vast seas, but keen observations have shown that even highly polluted air is associated with reduced lightning at sea when sea spray aerosols (气溶胶) are abundant. In their paper published in the journal Nature Communications, an international team of researchers describes their multi-year study of atmospheric conditions over the oceans bordering Africa and what it showed about salt in sea spray aerosols and its impact on lightning. The researchers obtained atmospheric data on Africa and the oceans around it for the period 2013 to 2017. The data included numbers of lightning flashes, rainfall, temperatures and cloud representations. They looked for differences in atmospheric conditions in storms that occurred over land versus those that occurred over the sea and found one main difference: the amount of salt in the air. Lightning is produced when upwardly moving air in clouds forms ice crystals (冰晶) — aerosol particles then begin to bump into one another, creating an electrical charge. Lightning happens when the electrical field in one part of the cloud becomes positively charged (usually at the top of the cloud) and another negatively charged (usually at the bottom of the cloud). And clouds form, of course, when vapor evaporates (蒸发) from the surface of the Earth and the water drops bond with aerosols. The researchers found that things are slightly different over the ocean. When water evaporates from the sea, it bears a load of salt. When the salt water bonds with aerosols to form water droplets, they tend to be bigger and heavier than those that form over land due to the salt — and that results in more of the water in the clouds falling as rain before it can rise up and form ice crystals. The result is far fewer lightning discharges. The researchers suggest their findings could be useful in improving the accuracy of both climate models and meteorological reports. It could also possibly lead some to attempt to seed storm clouds with salt to reduce their severity. 1．What is the common belief of lightning over oceans? A．Lightning pollutes the remote sea. B．Polluted air leads to less lightning at sea. C．Cleaner air results in less lightning at sea. D．Cleaner air contributes to more lightning at sea. 2．How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3? A．By presenting facts. B．By listing similarities. C．By giving examples. D．By making comparisons. 3．How do water droplets on land differ from those at sea? A．They drop much faster. B．They contain more water. C．They are bigger and heavier. D．They are smaller and lighter. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Salt in Sea Spray Worsens Storms over the Sea B．Salt in Sea Spray Keeps Lightning Strikes Away C．Lightning Strikes Are More Common over Oceans D．Sea Spray Is Found Evaporating Faster over Oceans （十二） 【来源】河南开封各县市重点高中2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 Around seven out of every ten Americans who work in offices do their work in an open environment, defined as at desks without meaningful partitions (隔板), according to an International Facility Management Association survey. That is, if they even have a desk- workers may be assigned only a few feet of a communal (共用的) table. The open-plan office space trend, popularized by creative agencies and technology start-ups, went mainstream because of the belief that open-space environments support innovation. More nearness between employees, the thinking went, would create more interaction and teamwork, promote social interaction and urge productivity. But in fact, purely open-plan offices have been shown to have the opposite effects, creating so much distraction (分心) that employees stayed away from each other. A study funded by Harvard Business Sehaol, the results of which were published last year, tracked what happened when a British company moved its employees from traditional office space, with offices with walls, to an open office. Face-to-face interaction became less — employees spent 72 percent less time interacting with their colleagues. Instead of talking more with each other, the employees put on headphones and began communicating by text and email. As digital communication channels surged, productivity declined. Neuroscience also holds some clues as to why the tight quarters in communal work spaces- where workers are only given about half the space they were given a decade ago- are so hard to work in. “The human voice sets off the most powerful emotional response in our auditory (听觉的) experience. Voice above 55 decibels (分贝) — roughly the sound of a loud phone call- causes measurable stress, ” according to a Wall Street Journal article,  “The Neuroscience-Optimized Office”. “Even more troublesome are overheard ‘halfversations’, in which the listener only knows about one side of a dialogue; our brains automatically imagine the other, ” wrote authors John Medina and Ryan Mullenix. But the solution, say experts including Newport, isn’t to go back to putting everyone into offices with walls. 1．What can we learn about the open office trend according to paragraph 1? A．It allows 10 people at most to work together. B．It is believed to stimulate workers’ creativity. C．It is only popular with new technology companies. D．It is aimed at promoting workers’ social interaction. 2．What does the underlined word “surged” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Suspended timely. B．Became useless. C．Cost less. D．Increased quickly. 3．What makes an open office hard to work in? A．Hearing endless noisy phone calls. B．Showing real emotions publicly. C．Facing communication barriers at work. D．Hearing part of a dialogue between colleagues. 4．What will probably be discussed in the following paragraph? A．What are benefits of the open offices with walls. B．Why the open office makes workers distracted. C．How to deal with the disadvantages of the open office. D．How to draw workers’ attention to their colleagues nearby. （十三） 【来源】河南开封各县市重点高中2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 Do you know the websites that let you name a star after your beloved one, your kid or your dog for a small fee? Yeah, those are all fake— you could pay me to “name” a star for $50, and I’ll take your money and show the name online. I’ll even send you a fancy certificate! It seems that you’ve named a star, but it just doesn’t count. Actually, the only organization that owns official naming rights is the International Astronomical Union, or the IAU. It was founded in 1919 and based in Paris, France. It is where astronomers and other professionals have reached the agreements and is the official record-keeping body for all discoveries in space. Recently they do open up an opportunity for the public to name a dozen of planets outside the solar system. These planets will be among the first to be studied with the James Webb Space Telescope. However, they currently only have boring and complicated documents that were used to find them. That’s why the IAU is looking for something more interesting. But before you start naming the planets, you should know the rules. First, nothing is rude or annoying. Second, the name should be less than 16 characters long and pronounceable in at least one language with no commercial or business names and nothing is named after a living individual or a pet. The competition, named “Stars Worlds”, is open next Thursday, January 20th. It’s the third such contest the IAU has held, and the purpose is to get the public more interested in science as well as the organization. The competition also helps to break centuries of European dominance when it comes to naming things in the night sky. So people around the world can share the joy of discovery and make their mark in history. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the passage? A．By listing figures. B．By taking an example. C．By offering a solution. D．By showing differences. 2．What can we know about the IAU from the passage? A．It was founded by France. B．It studies the space telescope. C．It organizes trips to the space. D．It has the right to name the stars. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Why the competition is held. B．How the competition develops. C．What to expect in the competition. D．How to take part in the competition. 4．Where is this passage most likely taken from? A．A novel. B．A textbook. C．A diary. D．A magazine. （十四） 【来源】江西省部分名校2023-2024学年高二（新高三）下学期7月期末联考英语试题 Researchers have developed a groundbreaking method of storing and handling valuable biological materials that removes the limitations of refrigerated storage. The novel method has potential applications in healthcare and scientific research. Biological materials that come from human cells, like enzymes, proteins, and antibodies, are crucial to developing new medicines and diagnostic tests. And they’re fragile. Extremely temperature-sensitive, they require a constant temperature during storage, handling, and transportation. If not stored or handled correctly, these materials will be inactive, which can be costly. Most biological materials are stored as liquids or freeze-dried powders and kept at low temperatures for the duration of their shelf life. This is achieved through a complex integrated system of refrigerators and freezers known as the cold chain. This requires a significant investment in equipment and infrastructure, making it expensive to maintain, and makes the cold chain prone to shipping delays, power outages, equipment failure and human error. Inspired from the home medicine cabinet (储藏柜), where medications are stored in the form of liquids, powder-filled capsules, and tablets, researchers at California Polytechnic State University have developed a new storage platform based on the humble tablet that would enable biological materials to be compressed (压缩) into a solid state. Tablets provide advantages to the storage and handling of biomaterials that the cold chain doesn’t. For one thing, they can be stored at room temperature. And, when they’re required, the tablet can be dissolved in water. “Our innovation makes storing and using biomaterials as straightforward as an effervescent tablet (泡腾片). Just drop it into water, mix, and it’s ready to go,” said the researcher of the study. The researchers say their new tablet-based storage and handling method is easy to use and doesn’t require special training, making it suitable for many applications. They also see potential uses beyond just improving the storage and handling of biological materials. By modifying (修改) the tablet coatings, this solid-state storage platform could withstand extreme conditions like heat, humidity, and chemicals. These changes might eventually allow injectable medications, such as insulin, to be taken orally. 1．What is a special requirement to store biological materials? A．Constant temperature maintenance. B．Exposure to various temperatures. C．Periodically freezing and melting. D．Direct contact with air. 2．What is the researchers’ attitude to their storage method? A．Favorable. B．Skeptical. C．Disappointed. D．Grateful. 3．Which word can replace the underlined word “withstand” in the last paragraph? A．Demonstrate. B．Stand. C．Adopt. D．Distinguish. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Challenges of storing biological materials. B．The making process of effervescent tablets. C．Healthcare applications of biological materials. D．A new tablet storage method of biological materials. （十五） 【来源】江西省部分名校2023-2024学年高二（新高三）下学期7月期末联考英语试题 Exercise lowers the risk of many diseases, but scientists still don’t fully understand how exercise changes the body on a molecular (分子的) level. Most studies have focused on a single organ, sex, or time point, and only include one or two data types. To take a more comprehensive look at the biology of exercise, scientists with the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) used a range of techniques in the lab to analyze molecular changes in rats as they were put through the paces of weeks of intense exercise. The team studied a range of tissues from the animals, such as the heart, brain, and lungs. They found that each of the organs they looked at changed with exercise, helping the body to regulate the immune system (免疫系统), respond to stress, and control pathways connected to inflammatory (发炎的) liver disease, heart disease, and tissue injury. The data provide potential clues into many different human health conditions; for example, the researchers found a possible explanation for why the liver becomes less fatty during exercise, which could help in the development of new treatments for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The team hopes that their findings could one day be used to tailor exercise to an individual’s health status or to develop treatments that mimic the effects of physical activity for people who are unable to exercise. They have already started studies on people to track the molecular effects of exercise. “It took a village of scientists with distinct scientific backgrounds to generate and integrate the massive amount of high-quality data,” said a co-senior author of the study. “This is the first whole-organism map looking at the effects of training in multiple different organs. The resource produced will be enormously valuable, and has already produced many potentially novel biological insights for further exploration.” 1．What is the primary focus of the studies conducted by MoTrPAC? A．The overall molecular changes due to exercise. B．The impact of exercise on immune system only. C．The effects of exercise limited to heart and lungs. D．The molecular effects of exercise on a single organ. 2．What potential application does the research have? A．It makes for developing new sports equipment. B．It can be used to predict the effects of exercise. C．It explains how exercise increases stress levels. D．It can help understand various health conditions. 3．What is the researchers’ current work? A．Tailoring exercise programs based on the molecular data. B．Developing treatment s that mimic the effects of exercise. C．Studying the molecular effects of exercise in human subjects. D．Expanding the study to a broader range of health conditions. 4．What can we infer about the research from the last paragraph? A．It’s commercial. B．It’s a team’s effort. C．It’s insignificant. D．It’s an interesting debate. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$