专题03 阅读理解说明文（浙江专用）（浙江专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

专题02 阅读理解说明文（浙江专用） C 话题一：人与自然 1．（23-24高二下·浙江省环大罗山联盟·期末） The Jan.17, 1994, Northridge earthquake caused extensive damage to roadways in Los Angeles, particularly on the 10 Freeway east of Culver City. Two freeway bridges at La Cienega and Washington were knocked out, resulting in significant interruptions to the crucial east-west traffic corridor in central Los Angeles. The Santa Monica Freeway was reopened in less than three months, providing a boost to L.A．’s quake recovery. In recent events, a fire on the 10 Freeway, again closing the roadway, has brought comparison to 1994. The extent of the damage and repair timeline remain uncertain. Mayor Karen Bass emphasized the need for urgent action and a similar effort as the 1994 earthquake repairs. Here is a review of that epic 1994 repair effort from the pages of The Times. Officials knew right away they needed to get the freeway operating as soon as possible. With an average of 341,000 vehicles a day using the roadway, they said, the extra time it took goods to reach their destinations and workers to get to their jobs cost millions in lost production and wages. It was estimated that the closure cost the economy $1 million per day. The closure of the freeway forced commuters to seek alternative routes, causing congestion (拥塞) on already crowded surface streets between Santa Monica and downtown Los Angeles. Detours (绕路) added delays of 20 minutes or more to travel times. Luckily, an accelerated construction effort was launched, involving round-the-clock work. This resulted in earlier-than-expected reopenings. Contractor C．C． Myers Inc. completed the project 74 days ahead of schedule. They received a $200, 000 bonus for each day the work was finished early. However, the cost of the project escalated from the original bid of $14.9 million to nearly $30 million due to the complexity and urgency of the repairs. The repair efforts following the Northridge earthquake were characterized by intense and focused work to restore critical transportation infrastructure (基础设施). These experiences serve as a reference point for the current situation, calling for swift action in repairing the fire-damaged 10 Freeway. 28.Why was the recent fire compared to the 1994 earthquake? A．To indicate the severe damage it had caused. B．To show citizens’ devotion to the repair work. C．To stress the necessity of immediate repair effort. D．To explain the difficulty of repairing the damage. 29.What is paragraphs 4 mainly about? A．The impacts of the freeway closure. B．The economic value of the freeway. C．The operating system of the freeway. D．The cost of the freeway construction. 30.What does the underlined word “escalated” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Transformed. B．Mounted. C．Maintained. D．Restricted. 31.What do we know about the 1994 earthquake repairs? A．The repairs were accomplished in 74 days. B．The repairs were completed under budget. C．The repairs were mainly funded by C．C． Myers Inc.. D．The repairs were complicated and labor-demanding. 【答案】28.C 29.A 30.B 31.D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要回顾了1994年北岭地震后的修复工作。 28.推理判断题。根据第二段中“In recent events, a fire on the 10 Freeway, again closing the roadway, has brought comparison to 1994．The extent of the damage and repair timeline remain uncertain．Mayor Karen Bass emphasized the need for urgent action and a similar effort as the 1994 earthquake repairs.(在最近的事件中，10号高速公路发生火灾，再次关闭了道路，这与1994年堪有一比。损坏程度和修复时间表仍不确定。市长Karen Bass强调，需要采取紧急行动，并做出与1994年地震修复类似的努力。)”可知，将最近的火灾与1994年的地震进行比较是为了强调立即修复工作的必要性。故选C项。 29.主旨大意题。根据第四段中“With an average of 341,000 vehicles a day using the roadway, they said, the extra time it took goods to reach their destinations and workers to get to their jobs cost millions in lost production and wages．It was estimated that the closure cost the economy $1 million per day．The closure of the freeway forced commuters to seek alternative routes, causing congestion(拥塞) on already crowded surface streets between Santa Monica and downtown Los Angeles．Detours(绕路) added delays of 20 minutes or more to travel times．(他们说，平均每天有34.1万辆汽车通过这条道路，货物到达目的地和工人上班所需的额外时间造成了数百万美元的生产和工资损失。据估计，关闭高速公路每天给经济造成100万美元的损失。高速公路的关闭迫使通勤者寻找其他路线，导致圣莫尼卡和洛杉矶市中心之间已经拥挤的地面街道拥堵。绕路会使旅行时间延迟20分钟以上。)”可知，本段主要讲的是高速公路关闭的影响。故选A项。 30.词句猜测题。划线词句前文“Contractor C.C．Myers Inc．completed the project 74 days ahead of schedule．They received a $200, 000 bonus for each day the work was finished early．(承包商C.C．Myers Inc.提前74天完成了该项目。工作每提早完成一天，他们就能得到20万美元的奖金。)”说明承包商因为提前完成项目拿到更多的奖金，项目的成本增加了，从而推知划线词句“However, the cost of the project escalated from the original bid of $14.9 million to nearly $30 million due to the complexity and urgency of the repairs.(然而，由于维修的复杂性和紧迫性，该项目的成本从最初的1490万美元escalated到近3000万美元。)”其中划线词汇意思是“增加，上升”。故选B项。 31.推理判断题。根据第四段中“With an average of 341,000 vehicles a day using the roadway, they said, the extra time it took goods to reach their destinations and workers to get to their jobs cost millions in lost production and wages．(他们说，平均每天有34.1万辆汽车通过这条道路，货物到达目的地和工人上班所需的额外时间造成了数百万美元的生产和工资损失。)”及第五段中“However, the cost of the project escalated from the original bid of $14.9 million to nearly $30 million due to the complexity and urgency of the repairs．(然而，由于修复的复杂性和紧迫性，该项目的成本从最初的1490万美元escalated到近3000万美元。)”可以推知，1994年地震的修复工作很复杂，而且需要大量劳动力。故选D项。 2．（23-24高二下·浙江省宁波市慈溪市·期末） From more boiling summers to more frequent floods, warming weather is impacting our lives in every aspect. For animals, however, it’s not just a comfortable living environment in danger, but their very existence. Many animals are in danger of disappearing due to climate change. A study published on March 7 used fossils from sea creatures to find out which animals are facing the highest risk of extinction as our planet’s climate continues to shift. Carried out by the University of Oxford, the study found that the size of an animal plays a big part in its ability to survive and reproduce. Smaller animals are more likely to become extinct because they tend to use up their energy quickly due to their size. They need lots of food to keep going, so any change that makes food scarce affects them more. Furthermore, small animals usually don’t live as long as larger ones, making them more vulnerable to factors that might reduce their numbers. Another problem is that small animals generally can’t travel far. So, if their current home is disturbed, or if they face danger, it’s tough for them to find new homes or escape threats, which speed up their extinction, according to the study. Apart from small animals, those living in extreme heat or cold, such as at the poles, are facing more threats from climate change. These places go through big weather changes, making life even more difficult for species that have already been dealing with tough conditions. As climate change worsens, these extreme environments change rapidly, posing a greater risk for the animals living there. This study presented us with important information on how to protect wildlife as the world gets warmer. By focusing on the most vulnerable species, conservationists can direct their work more effectively, making the most of limited resources and improving the chances of keeping biodiversity alive despite the environmental challenges. 28.What does the underlined word “scarce” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Insufficient. B．Available. C．Unbalanced. D．Abundant. 29.What can be inferred from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3? A．Smaller animals consume their energy at a lower speed. B．The life span of animals is definitely decided by their size. C．The small size of animals potentially limits their travelling distance. D．Animals’ habitats destruction makes them difficult to escape threats. 30.What’s the function of the first sentence in Paragraph 4? A．Introducing the topic. B．Transiting to another point. C．Echoing the content in paragraph 3. D．Summarizing the above paragraphs. 31.Which of the following is a suitable measure to protect wildlife? A．Focusing on keeping biodiversity. B．Carrying out more research work. C．Reducing the usage of limited resources. D．Paying more attention to the most endangered species. 【答案】28.A 29.C 30.B 31.D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项利用海洋生物的化石研究发现，随着地球气候的持续变化，哪些动物面临最高的灭绝风险。 28.词句猜测题。根据划线单词前的“Smaller animals are more likely to become extinct because they tend to use up their energy quickly due to their size.(体型较小的动物更有可能灭绝，因为它们的体型往往会很快耗尽能量)”可知，体型较小的动物因为体型小往往很快耗尽能量而更有可能灭绝，结合划线单词前的“They need lots of food to keep going(它们需要大量的食物来维持生存)”可知，体型较小的动物需要大量的食物维持生存，所以任何造成食物“缺少”的变化都可能影响他们，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“缺少”意义相近。故选A项。 29.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Another problem is that small animals generally can’t travel far．So, if their current home is disturbed, or if they face danger, it’s tough for them to find new homes or escape threats, which speed up their extinction, according to the study.(另一个问题是，体型小的动物通常不能走远。因此，根据这项研究，如果它们目前的家园受到干扰，或者面临危险，它们很难找到新的家园或逃离威胁，这加速了它们的灭绝)”可知，体型小的动物不能走远，所以它们的家园面临危险时，他们很难找到新家，这加速了它们灭绝，由此可知，体型小的动物的体型小可能限制了它们的行进距离。故选C项。 30.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“So, if their current home is disturbed, or if they face danger, it’s tough for them to find new homes or escape threats, which speed up their extinction, according to the study.(因此，根据这项研究，如果它们目前的家园受到干扰，或者面临危险，它们很难找到新的家园或逃离威胁，这加速了它们的灭绝)”以及第四段中的“Apart from small animals, those living in extreme heat or cold, such as at the poles, are facing more threats from climate change.(除了体型小的动物，那些生活在极热或极冷环境中的动物，比如两极，正面临着气候变化带来的更多威胁)”可知，第三段讲述的是体型小的动物会面临着灭绝的危险，而第四段中讲述的是那些生活在极热或极冷环境中的动物面临着气候变化带来的威胁，由此可知，第四段首句起到过渡的作用，从介绍体型小的动物转移到那些生活在极热或极冷环境中的动物。故选B项。 31.细节理解题。根据尾段中的“By focusing on the most vulnerable species, conservationists can direct their work more effectively, making the most of limited resources and improving the chances of keeping biodiversity alive despite the environmental challenges.(通过关注最脆弱的物种，自然资源保护主义者可以更有效地指导他们的工作，最大限度地利用有限的资源，提高在环境挑战下保持生物多样性生存的机会)”可知，通过关注最脆弱的物种，人们可以最大限度地利用有限的资源，提高保持生物多样性生存的机会，由此可知，更多地关注最濒危的物种是保护野生动物的合适措施。故选D项。 3．（23-24高二下·浙江省台州市·期末） It might seem like a fish needs a car like—well, like a fish needs a bicycle. But a new experiment suggests that fishes actually make pretty good drivers and fishes’ understanding of space and navigation is not limited to their natural environment in the water. In a recent experiment, researchers taught six goldfishes to drive a water tank. They put the fishes into a tank full of water and attach the tank on wheels. Then the water tank, equipped with a camera that continually track the fish’s position and orientation (定位) inside the tank, was put in a room. When the fishes swam toward a direction in the water tank, the tank headed in that direction in the room. In this way, fishes were schooled to drive the tank from the center of a small room toward a pink board on one wall by giving the fish a treat whenever it reached the wall. During their first sessions, the fishes averaged about 2.5 successful trips to the target. During their final sessions, fishes averaged about 17.5 successful trips. By the end of driver’s education, the animals also took faster, more direct routes to their goal. In further experiments, the researchers tried to trick the goldfish by placing boards of different colors on the other walls. The fishes were not fooled, and navigated to the pink board. “That was pretty conclusive that the fish actually navigate,” says study coauthor Ben-Shahar. Recently, the team let a goldfish take a joyride throughout an entire building. He added, “And it actually started to explore. It went down one of the corridors and started to sneak away.” Behavioral neuroscientist Lambert is not completely surprised, but still fascinated by the driving abilities of the goldfish. In her own research, Lambert has taught rats to drive toy cars. But teaching goldfish to navigate takes animal driving experiments to the next level. Lambert says, “I love the fish-out-of-water idea.” When it comes to testing the bounds of animal navigation, “it’s important to diversify and expand our tasks and our species, ” Lambert adds. 28.What does paragraph 2 focus on? A．Where to place the tracking camera. B．Why were goldfishes chosen. C．How many sessions were conducted. D．How to carry out the experiment. 29.The further experiments found the goldfish could find the destination even if __________. A．no boards were placed B．the walls stood far away C．they weren’t given a treat D．there existed distractions 30.According to Lambert, what will be explored in their future study? A．Navigation ability of more species. B．Potential application of water tanks C．Basic strategies of training animals. D．Further explanations of rats' driving. 31.What is the purpose of the text? A．To analyze animal behaviors. B．To introduce a scientific discovery. C．To promote navigation devices. D．To explain a psychological phenomenon. 【答案】28.D 29.D 30.A 31.B 【导语】本文是说明文。本文围绕一项关于金鱼驾驶能力的实验展开，详细描述了实验过程、方法和结果，并探讨了这一发现对动物导航能力研究的意义。 28.主旨大意题。根据第二段“In a recent experiment, researchers taught six goldfishes to drive a water tank．They put the fishes into a tank full of water and attach the tank on wheels．Then the water tank, equipped with a camera that continually track the fish’s position and orientation (定位) inside the tank, was put in a room．When the fishes swam toward a direction in the water tank, the tank headed in that direction in the room．In this way, fishes were schooled to drive the tank from the center of a small room toward a pink board on one wall by giving the fish a treat whenever it reached the wall.(在最近的一项实验中，研究人员教六只金鱼驾驶一个水箱。他们把鱼放进一个装满水的水箱里，把水箱装在轮子上。然后把装有摄像头的水箱放在一个房间里，摄像头可以持续跟踪鱼在水箱里的位置和方向。当鱼缸里的鱼朝某个方向游去时，鱼缸就朝房间里的那个方向游去。通过这种方式，鱼被训练把鱼缸从一个小房间的中心开到一面墙上的一块粉红色的板上，只要鱼游到墙上，就给它一点吃的)”可知，本段主要讲述了如何进行实验。故选D项。 29.细节理解题。根据第四段“In further experiments, the researchers tried to trick the goldfish by placing boards of different colors on the other walls．The fishes were not fooled, and navigated to the pink board.(在进一步的实验中，研究人员试图通过在其他墙上放置不同颜色的木板来欺骗金鱼。鱼没有上当，它们游向了粉红色的板)”可知，进一步的实验发现，即使存在干扰，金鱼也能找到目的地。故选D项。 30.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“．Lambert says, “I love the fish-out-of-water idea.” When it comes to testing the bounds of animal navigation, “it’s important to diversify and expand our tasks and our species, ” Lambert adds.(兰伯特说：“我喜欢‘鱼跃出水’的想法。”在测试动物导航的界限时，“重要的是要多样化和扩展我们的任务和物种，”兰伯特补充道)”可知，根据Lambert的说法，他们未来的研究将会探索导航能力更强的物种。故选A项。 31.推理判断题。根据第一段“But a new experiment suggests that fishes actually make pretty good drivers and fishes’ understanding of space and navigation is not limited to their natural environment in the water.(但一项新的实验表明，鱼类实际上是很好的司机，鱼类对空间和导航的理解并不局限于它们在水中的自然环境)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了金鱼驾驶能力的实验，所以本文目的是介绍一项科学发现。故选B项。 话题二：人与社会 1．（23-24高二下·浙江省湖州市·期末） The art of writing by hand has a great history. From Emily Dickinson’s elegant cursive, to Stephen King’s neat block lettering, many of the most famous and important works of literature have been written by hand, reports Forbes, even when, as in King’s case, electronic word processing was an option. Now, studies have shown that writing by hand can have enormous benefits in terms of memory, brain development, and even the quality of the writing itself. Some might say that handwriting has become a dying art since the appearance of the typewriter in the mid 1880’s, even more so due to computers. In fact, many schools in the United States no longer require teaching cursive as a part of the core curriculums. However, despite the sense that writing on paper is passe, it actually has a number of important benefits. Writing by hands’ cognitive benefits are numerous and there are many studies that can attest to that. A 2014 study from the Association for Psychological Science shows that taking notes on a laptop as opposed to writing them longhand, leads to shallower processing of the material learned. This is because when using a laptop, students will often type out lectures verbatim (逐字), as opposed to processing information and rewording it in their own language. These benefits actually translate to how you recall the information. In this case writing it by hand instead of typing also helps students do better on exams. A study led by Dr. Virginia Berninger, a professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, suggests that children wrote longer and more complex essays when they were writing by hand, as opposed to using a keyboard. So the next time you sit down to write an email to a loved one, consider the possibility that it might be better for your brain if you wrote a handwritten letter instead. 28.What does the author intended to do in paragraph 1? A．Introduce the new finding of the study. B．Describe the history of the writing art. C．Show the benefits of writing by hand. D．Tell the story of some famous writers. 29.What does the underlined word “passe” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Necessary. B．Out-of-date. C．Essential. D．Fundamental. 30.What can we infer from the findings from the Association for Psychological Science? A．Taking notes on a laptop contributes to deeper processing of the material learned. B．When using a laptop, students will often type out lectures in a whole new light. C．Writing by hand makes people process information in their own language. D．Typing out lectures can help people reword information. 31.How should you express your love to your loved one? A．By typing the e-mail. B．By writing by yourself. C．By writing longer essays. D．By reading a poem. 【答案】28.A 29.B 30.C 31.B 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了手写在记忆、大脑发育、以及写作本身的好处。 28.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Now, studies have shown that writing by hand can have enormous benefits in terms of memory, brain development, and even the quality of the writing itself．(现在，研究表明，手写在记忆、大脑发育、甚至写作本身的质量方面都有巨大的好处。)”可知，本段主要介绍一项新的研究。故选A。 29.词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Some might say that handwriting has become a dying art since the appearance of the typewriter in the mid 1880’s, even more so due to computers．In fact, many schools in the United States no longer require teaching cursive as a part of the core curriculums．(有人可能会说，自从19世纪80年代中期打字机出现以来，手写已经成为一种垂死的艺术，而电脑的出现更是如此。事实上，美国的许多学校不再要求将草书作为核心课程的一部分。)”说明的是手写已经成为一门垂死的艺术，所以画线的词应该指的是“手写已经过时了”。Out-of-date意为“过时的”。故选B。 30.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Writing by hands’ cognitive benefits are numerous and there are many studies that can attest to that．A 2014 study from the Association for Psychological Science shows that taking notes on a laptop as opposed to writing them longhand, leads to shallower processing of the material learned．This is because when using a laptop, students will often type out lectures verbatim(逐字), as opposed to processing information and rewording it in their own language．(手写对认知有很多好处，有很多研究可以证明这一点。心理科学协会2014年的一项研究表明，与手写笔记相比，在笔记本电脑上记笔记会导致对所学材料的浅层处理。这是因为当使用笔记本电脑时，学生们经常会逐字打印讲课内容，而不是处理信息并用自己的语言重新表述。)”可知，心理科学协会手写能够帮助人们处理信息并用自己的语言重新表述。故选C。 31.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“So the next time you sit down to write an email to a loved one, consider the possibility that it might be better for your brain if you wrote a handwritten letter instead．(所以，下次当你坐下来给你爱的人写电子邮件时，考虑一下，如果你写一封手写的信，可能对你的大脑更好。)”可知，我们可以通过手写信的方式给自己爱的人写信。故选B。 2（23-24高二下·浙江省金华市·期末） “Big Tree,” an old southern live oak, sits in a park just outside Orlando’s business district. It’s been struck by lightning at least three times and has survived many hurricanes — and it grew from a seed around the same time Juan Ponce de León’s ship first landed on Florida’s eastern coast. Over 400 years old, the tree is so impressive that members of a Michigan-based nonprofit flew to Orlando in February to climb the tree and cut branches and leaves. The researchers are now in the midst of the process to grow new roots from the cuttings. The reason: To clone the historic tree, store its DNA and plant potentially thousands of cloned trees across the Southeast. In order to clone an ancient tree, researchers must climb it to find a piece of live tissue. The freshly cut branches and leaves are taken to the group’s lab in Michigan, where, in climate-controlled rooms, researchers work to promote growth from the cuttings. The most common method is by rooted cuttings. In this method, a tip of a tree’s branch is dipped (蘸) into hormones, placed into a foam plug (泡沫塞) and set inside a mist room. Then, the waiting begins. A sign of life can take several months to a year to show, if one comes at all. In another method called tissue culture, researchers take a quarter-inch of branch, dip it into a mixture made up of a dozen hormones and other chemicals, seal(密封) it in a container and wait to see whether it will grow roots. Experts ‘lauded the group for its creative methods and reproduction in large numbers, but they doubt whether the clones will grow as the originals do. Scott Merkle, a professor of forest biology at the University of Georgia, said, “There are so many variables that there’s no certainty that they will be able to survive and perform better than other trees that you plant on the same land”. He added that the age of historic trees makes them difficult to study. “I think it’s a great thing that they’re doing…I just don’t know how realistic it is.” 28.According to the passage, what do the researchers aim to do? A．To clone an ancient tree from its original. B．To save thousands of trees across the Southeast. C．To analyse the effects of climate on tree growth. D．To study the reason for the survival of “Big Tree”. 29.What do we know about the two methods mentioned in paragraph 4? A．Tissue culture is the most frequently used method. B．There is a chance that the branch will fail to grow roots. C．In the first method the live tissue is sealed in a container. D．A mixture of hormones and other chemicals is needed in both methods. 30.What does the underlined word “lauded” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Joined. B．Charged. C．Praised. D．Contacted. 31.What’s Scott Merkle’s attitude to the group’s work? A．Cautious. B．Critical. C．Approving. D．Unclear. 【答案】28.A 29.B 30.C 31.A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。坐落在奥兰多商业区外的一个公园里的一棵古老的南方橡树已有400多年的历史，目前，研究人员在树上剪下树枝和树叶，将其带到该团队位于密歇根州的实验室，目的是克隆这棵历史悠久的树，储存它的 DNA。 28.细节理解题。根据第二段中“The researchers are now in the midst of the process to grow new roots from the cuttings．The reason: To clone the historic tree, store its DNA and plant potentially thousands of cloned trees across the Southeast.(研究人员目前正在从插枝上培育新根。原因是：为了克隆这棵历史悠久的树，储存它的 DNA，并在东南部种植数千棵克隆树)”可知，研究人员的目的是从原树中克隆一棵古树。故选A。 29.推理判断题。根据第四段“The most common method is by rooted cuttings．In this method, a tip of a tree’s branch is dipped ( 蘸) into hormones, placed into a foam plug ( 泡沫塞) and set inside a mist room. Then, the waiting begins. A sign of life can take several months to a year to show, if one comes at all. In another method called tissue culture, researchers take a quarter-inch of branch, dip it into a mixture made up of a dozen hormones and other chemicals, seal(密封) it in a container and wait to see whether it will grow roots.(最常见的方法是生根扦插。在这种方法中，将树枝的尖端浸入激素中，放入泡沫塞中，并放置在雾室中。然后，等待就开始了。如果有的话，生命迹象可能需要几个月到一年的时间才会显现。在另一种称为组织培养的方法中，研究人员取四分之一英寸长的树枝，将其浸入由十几种激素和其他化学物质组成的混合物中，将其密封在容器中，然后等待看它是否会生根。)”可知，在描述这两种方法时，作者用了“if one comes at all(如果有的话)”和“whether it will grow roots(是否会生根)”等字眼，由此可推知，这两种方法都有可能导致树枝无法生根。故选B。 30.词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子“Experts ‘lauded the group for its creative methods and reproduction in large numbers, but they doubt whether the clones will grow as the originals do.(专家们对该组织的创新方法和大量繁殖表示lauded，但他们怀疑克隆体是否会像原代植物那样生长。)”中的but可知，前后是转折关系，虽然专家们对克隆体是否会像原代植物那样生长表示怀疑，但是他们对该组织的创新方法和大量繁殖表示称赞，划线单词表示“称赞”，与C项“Praised.(赞美)”意思相近，故选C。 31.推理判断题。根据最后一段Scott Merkle所说的话“He added that the age of historic trees makes them difficult to study．“I think it’s a great thing that they’re doing…I just don’t know how realistic it is.”(他补充说，古树的年龄使得研究它们变得困难。“我认为他们正在做的事情很棒……我只是不知道这有多现实。”)”可知，Scott Merkle对这一团队的工作表示赞美，同时他也表示了自己的担忧，由此可推知，他的态度是谨慎的，故选A。 3．（23-24高二下·浙江省衢州市·期末） Students have submitted more than 22 million papers that may have used generative AI in the past year, new data provided by plagiarism (剽窃) detection company Turnitin shows. A year ago, Turnitin introduced an AI writing detection tool that was trained on its database of papers written by students as well as other AI-generated texts. Turnitin found that 11 percent of the submissions may contain AI-written language in 20 percent of its content, with 3 percent of the total papers reviewed having 80 percent or more AI writing. ChatGPT’s launch was met with fears that the English class essay would die. The chatbot can process information near-instantly — but that doesn’t mean it always gets it right. Generative  AI has been known to create its own facts and cite academic references that don’t actually exist.Generative AI chatbots have also been caught producing discriminatory (歧视性的) text on gender and race. Despite those disadvantages, students have used chatbots for research, and organizing ideas. Traces of chatbots have even been found in published academic writing. Detecting the use of generative AI is tricky. It’s not as easy as marking plagiarism, because generated text is still original text. Plus, there’s a slight difference to how students use generative  AI; some may ask chatbots to write their papers for them in large parts or in full, while others may use the tools as an aid or a brainstorm partner. Detection tools themselves have a risk of discrimination. English language learners may be more likely to set them off; a 2023 study found a 61.3 percent false positive rate when evaluating Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) exams with seven different AI  detectors. “This is hard. I understand why people want a tool,” says Emily Isaacs, executive director of the Office of Faculty Excellence at Montclair State. But Isaacs says the university is concerned about potentially discriminatory results from AI detectors, as well as the fact that the tools can’t provide confirmation the way they can with plagiarism. 28.What did Turnitin find? A．All submitted papers were written by generative AI. B．AI wrote 80% of the content of the papers they had collected. C．AI could only be used to improve language instead of content of papers. D．AI may have created one fifth of the content among 11% of the submitted papers. 29.What can we learn about generative AI? A．It sometimes produces discriminatory content. B．It will surely lead to the death of English class essays. C．It’s getting popular for its accuracy and quick response. D．It has been officially accepted in published academic writing. 30.What do Paragraphs 4-5 mainly focus on? A．The ways to detect plagiarism in paper writing. B．The challenges of using plagiarism detection tools. C．The differences between plagiarism and original writing. D．The advantages of applying AI detectors to fighting plagiarism. 31.How does Emily Isaacs respond to the use of detection tools? A．She supports it. B．She’s against it. C．She doesn’t care. D．She’s cautious. 【答案】28.D 29.A 30.B 31.D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述在过去一年里，学生们提交了超过2200万篇可能使用了生成人工智能的论文。 28.细节理解题。由文章第二段“Turnitin found that 11 percent of the submissions may contain AI-written language in 20 percent of its content, with 3 percent of the total papers reviewed having 80 percent or more AI writing．(Turnitin发现，11%的投稿可能在20%的内容中包含人工智能书面语言，在审查的论文总数中，3%的论文包含80%或更多的人工智能文字。)”可知，人工智能可能在提交的11%的论文中创造了五分之一的内容。故选D项。 29.细节理解题。由文章第三段“Generative AI chatbots have also been caught producing discriminatory (歧视性的) text on gender and race．(一代又一代的人工智能聊天机器人也被发现在性别和种族方面制作歧视性文本。)”可知，生成人工智能有时会产生歧视性内容。故选A项。 30.主旨大意题。由文章第四段“Detecting the use of generative AI is tricky．It’s not as easy as marking plagiarism, because generated text is still original text．Plus, there’s a slight difference to how students use generative AI; some may ask chatbots to write their papers for them in large parts or in full, while others may use the tools as an aid or a brainstorm partner．(检测生成人工智能的使用是很棘手的。这并不像标记抄袭那么容易，因为生成的文本仍然是原始文本。此外，学生使用生成人工智能的方式略有不同；有些人可能会要求聊天机器人为他们撰写论文的大部分或全部，而另一些人可能会将这些工具用作帮助或集思广益的伙伴。)”以及第五段“Detection tools themselves have a risk of discrimination．English language learners may be more likely to set them off; a 203 study found a 61.3 percent false positive rate when evaluating Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) exams with seven different AI detectors．(检测工具本身就有被歧视的风险。英语学习者可能更容易引起他们的兴趣；203年的一项研究发现，在使用七种不同的人工智能检测器评估托福考试时，假阳性率为61.3%。)”可知，这两段主要讲使用剽窃检测工具的挑战。故选B项。 31.推理判断题。由文章最后一段“‘This is hard．I understand why people want a tool,’ says Emily Isaacs, executive director of the Office of Faculty Excellence at Montclair State．But Isaacs says the university is concerned about potentially discriminatory results from AI detectors, as well as the fact that the tools can’t provide confirmation the way they can with plagiarism．(蒙特克莱尔州立大学学院卓越办公室执行主任Emily Isaacs说，‘这很难，我理解人们为什么想要一个工具。’ 但 Isaacs表示，该大学担心人工智能检测器可能产生的歧视性结果，以及这些工具无法像对待抄袭那样提供确认的事实。)”可知， Isaacs对检测工具的使用持谨慎态度。故选D项。 4（23-24高二下·浙江省宁波市·期末） Fat-shaming comments and weight-loss advice from classmates and relatives have been a constant in my life for years. One vivid memory is from ninth grade when a friend embarrassed my sister in the cinema by calling her “fat”. In university, this pattern continued with my uncle’s frequent questioning about my diet and progress in losing weight. As a former therapist, I guided clients on body image and coping with hurtful comments, advising them to set boundaries with well-meaning but critical relatives. As for myself, I've always had to avoid questions about my body, while recognizing the natural curiosity that arises when we notice our friends’ bodies experiencing noticeable changes. It's human nature to compare ourselves to our peers. With more weight-related ads all over bus shelters, TV and your social media feed, it's hard not to feel the impact. But is commenting on others' weight loss ever appropriate? However well-intentioned, remarks about weight loss can be quite hurtful, says clinical psychologist Elizabeth Fedrick. Even if curiosity gets the better of you, it’s not necessary or acceptable to mention a friend’s weight gain or loss. “We often think we’re being supportive, but in reality, saying ‘You lost weight — you look great’ actually implies that they didn’t before, or that they need to be a certain weight to look great,” says Fedrick. Such remarks can be uncomfortable and fatphobic. Fatphobia extends beyond harmful comments; it’s also present in subtle clothing suggestions and judgments over dessert. This prejudice links our sense of self-worth closely to thinness, falsely associating it with health. To address this issue, we must value all bodies, reject food-shaming, and promote body positivity by accepting ourselves at any weight or size. “Praise for appearance changes isn’t always welcome,” says Fedrick, “Instead, showing understanding and asking open questions”. She cautions against assuming weight loss equals good health, as it can sometimes indicate health issues or disordered eating. Fedrick says focusing on a person’s character or appearance isn’t effective support; rather, caring about their well-being as a whole person is key. 28.Why does the writer mention his uncle in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce his uncle to readers. B．To share his vivid memory about his uncle. C．To show his relatives’ concern for his weight. D．To make a comparison between classmates and relatives. 29.Which of the following is an example of Fatphobia? A．You are pretty just to be yourself. B．You look great in whatever clothes. C．I think you’d better not order that cake. D．I’m glad you’re making health a priority. 30.What does Fedrick think people should focus on according to the last paragraph? A．A person’s diet. B．A person’s well-being. C．A person’s characters. D．A person’s weight loss. 31.What is mainly discussed in the passage? A．The challenges of weight loss. B．The importance of body positivity. C．The impact of media on body image. D．The harm of weight-related comments. 【答案】28.C 29.C 30.B 31.D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讨论和批评了关于体重和外貌的负面评论和偏见，特别是指出了这种偏见对个人自尊心和心理健康的负面影响。文章通过作者的个人经历以及临床心理学家Elizabeth Fedrick的观点，强调了不要基于体重和外貌来评价他人，而应重视个体的整体福祉和内在价值。 28.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Fat-shaming comments and weight-loss advice from classmates and relatives have been a constant in my life for years．One vivid memory is from ninth grade when a friend embarrassed my sister in the cinema by calling her “fat”．In university, this pattern continued with my uncle’s frequent questioning about my diet and progress in losing weight.(多年来，来自同学和亲戚的羞辱肥胖的评论和减肥建议一直在我的生活中不断出现。一个生动的记忆是九年级的时候，一个朋友在电影院叫我妹妹“胖”，让她很难堪。在大学里，这种模式继续着，我叔叔经常问我的饮食和减肥的进展。)”可推知，作者在第一段提到叔叔是为了展示亲戚对自己体重的关心。故选C。 29.推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Fatphobia extends beyond harmful comments; it’s also present in subtle clothing suggestions and judgments over dessert.(恐胖症不仅仅局限于有害的评论；它也存在于微妙的着装建议和对甜点的判断中。)”可知，“我想你最好不要点那个蛋糕。”是肥胖恐惧症的例子。故选C。 30.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Fedrick says focusing on a person’s character or appearance isn’t effective support; rather, caring about their well-being as a whole person is key.(费德里克说，专注于一个人的性格或外表并不是有效的支持；相反，关心他们作为一个整体的健康才是关键。)”可知，Fedrick认为人们应该关注一个人的健康。故选B。 31.主旨大意题。文章讨论和批评了关于体重和外貌的负面评论和偏见，特别是指出了这种偏见对个人自尊心和心理健康的负面影响。文章通过作者的个人经历以及临床心理学家Elizabeth Fedrick的观点，强调了不要基于体重和外貌来评价他人，而应重视个体的整体福祉和内在价值。由此可知，文章主要讨论了与体重有关的评论的危害。故选D。 5．（23-24高二下·浙江省宁波九校·期末） From the very first cellphone developed by US company Motorola in 1973 which could only make phone calls for 30 minutes at most to today’s 5G smartphones, the shape of the mobile phone has been constantly changing and its features have become more and more diverse. While current foldable phones are limited to folding the screen up and down or left and right, AI tools predict that in the future, phones will become completely flexible, according to the website mobiles.co.uk. Motorola revealed a flexible phone with an adaptive display that can be worn like a bracelet and bent into multiple shapes in October 2023. Apple is also working on a way to make foldable screens with fewer creases. The phones of the future may also be “self-healing” — who hasn’t experienced that awful moment when you drop your phone and the screen cracks? So an “unbreakable” phone would really come in handy. In 2023, Zhenan Bao at Stanford University, US, developed a synthetic (合成的) skin that can heal itself using heat and magnets. This artificial skin can stretch like human skin without tearing. This new type of thin film can rearrange itself automatically as it heals. The way phones are powered will also see a shift, such as by using solar energy. Many innovative technologies and devices have come out of this field. In 2016, Kyocera Corporation from Japan and French company SunPartner launched a solar-powered phone, using solar panels built into the screen to collect solar energy. It took about three minutes of sunlight to charge the phone for one minute of talk time. Due to the longer relative charging time when using solar power, the phone still needed traditional batteries to be practical. However, as the tech develops and solar panels can charge things more efficiently, we may see a rise in using solar energy to charge smartphones. 28.Which feature of future mobile phones is NOT mentioned in the text? A．Safety. B．Flexibility. C．Endurance. D．Sustainability. 29.What makes it possible for the future phone to heal itself? A．A special animal skin. B．An artificial light. C．A synthesized magnet. D．An innovative material. 30.Why are Japan and French companies mentioned in Paragraph 6? A．To prove that built-in solar panels in future cellphones is no longer a fantasy. B．To argue that the way cellphones are charged in the future is constantly changing. C．To illustrate that numerous technologies and products of innovation have emerged. D．To indicate that Japan and France lead the way in developing solar-powered phones. 31.What’s the author’s attitude towards solar-powered cellphones in the future? A．Reserved. B．Optimistic. C．Concerned. D．Indifferent. 【答案】28.A 29.D 30.C 31.B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了未来的手机所拥有的一些新特性。 28.细节理解题。根据第二段“While current foldable phones are limited to folding the screen up and down or left and right, AI tools predict that in the future, phones will become completely flexible, according to the website mobiles.co.uk.(据mobile .co.uk网站称，虽然目前的可折叠手机仅限于上下或左右折叠屏幕，但人工智能工具预测，在未来，手机将变得完全灵活)”；第三段“Motorola revealed a flexible phone with an adaptive display that can be worn like a bracelet and bent into multiple shapes in October 2023．Apple is also working on a way to make foldable screens with fewer creases.(摩托罗拉于2023年10月发布了一款可弯曲手机，该手机具有自适应显示屏，可以像手镯一样佩戴，并弯曲成多种形状。苹果还在研究一种制造折痕更少的可折叠屏幕的方法)”以及第四段“So an “unbreakable” phone would really come in handy.(所以“牢不可破”的手机真的会派上用场)”可知，没有提到未来手机的安全特性。故选A。 29.细节理解题。根据第五段“In 2023, Zhenan Bao at Stanford University, US, developed a synthetic (合成的) skin that can heal itself using heat and magnets．This artificial skin can stretch like human skin without tearing．This new type of thin film can rearrange itself automatically as it heals.(2023年，美国斯坦福大学的Zhenan Bao发明了一种可以利用热量和磁铁自愈的合成皮肤。这种人造皮肤可以像人的皮肤一样伸展而不撕裂。这种新型薄膜在愈合过程中可以自动重新排列)”可知，一种创新的材料让未来的手机能够自愈。故选D。 30.推理判断题。根据第六段“Many innovative technologies and devices have come out of this field．In 2016, Kyocera Corporation from Japan and French company SunPartner launched a solar-powered phone, using solar panels built into the screen to collect solar energy.(许多创新的技术和设备都是从这个领域出来的。2016年，日本京瓷公司和法国SunPartner公司推出了一款太阳能手机，使用内置在屏幕上的太阳能电池板来收集太阳能)”可知，第6段提到了日本和法国的公司是为了说明许多创新的技术和产品已经出现。故选C。 31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, as the tech develops and solar panels can charge things more efficiently, we may see a rise in using solar energy to charge smartphones.(然而，随着技术的发展，太阳能电池板可以更有效地充电，我们可能会看到使用太阳能为智能手机充电的数量增加)”可知，作者对未来太阳能手机的态度是乐观的。故选B。 6．（23-24高二下·浙江省舟山市·期末） A smiley face is not always just a smiley face. Behind the yellow, wide-eyed emoji’s smile is an intergenerational minefield. For many teenagers and 20-somethings, a smiley face popping up in a text or email is seen as something different. HafeezatBishi, 21, started an internship (实习) at a Brooklyn digital media firm. She was surprised to be greeted by her co-workers with a bright smiley face. For Bishi, the welcome seemed dismissive and she sees the emoji as conveying a kind of side-eye smile. The rise of the use of emojis at work, especially between remote teams during the pandemic, has created more misunderstandings than ever. People over 30 tend to use emojis to express what the images always did, but younger digital natives may use them to convey ironic meanings, or use them as shorthand for an entirely different thought. For instance, the skull and crossbones means death or danger to many adults, while many younger people say that to them it signifies laughing extremely hard-as in “I’m laughing so hard that I’m dying.” Charlie Nelson Keever, a 31-year-old lawyer in the San Francisco Bay Area, spends a lot of time analyzing social media accounts to piece together legal cases. It was while researching narratives and timelines on a case that it dawned on her that young people don’t use smiley faces to mean they are smiling. She quizzed a Gen Z friend and was confused by the undertones which some emojis carry for that generation. On its face, the cowboy, a grinning emoji wearing a hat, can signify a special brand of quirky, giggly happiness. But for many in Gen Z, it means the sender is putting on a front, smiling on the outside while dying on the inside. Keever feels she should have her finger on the pulse of how people communicate on the Internet. “There’s nothing that makes you feel older than googling what an emoji means, ”she said. 28.How did Bishi understand the smiley face from her co-workers? A．An insincere greeting. B．A dynamic greeting. C．An indifferent greeting. D．A genuine greeting. 29.What do we learn from paragraph 3? A．Young people use skull and crossbones to convey death to adults. B．The pandemic has largely brought about the increasing use of emojis. C．Emojis are often used to express ironic thoughts by older people. D．Misunderstandings of emojis may occur due to the intergenerational gap. 30.What does the underlined word “undertone” in paragraph 5 mean? A．answer B．implication C．image D．signal 31.Why does Keever want to have her finger on the pulse of how people communicate? A．To catch up with the latest fashion pulse. B．To line up with what people chat online. C．To put up with feeling old when googling emojis. D．To keep up with the way digital natives communicate. 【答案】28.A 29.D 30.B 31.D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章举例说明了不同年代的人对表情符号的理解不同，因此容易造成一些误解。 28.细节理解题。根据第二段“For Bishi, the welcome seemed dismissive and she sees the emoji as conveying a kind of side-eye smile.(对Bishi来说，这种欢迎似乎是轻蔑的，她认为表情符号传达了一种侧眼微笑)”可知，Bishi认为同事的笑脸是不真诚的问候。故选A。 29.细节理解题。根据第三段“People over 30 tend to use emojis to express what the images always did, but younger digital natives may use them to convey ironic meanings, or use them as shorthand for an entirely different thought．For instance, the skull and crossbones means death or danger to many adults, while many younger people say that to them it signifies laughing extremely hard-as in “I’m laughing so hard that I’m dying.”(30岁以上的人倾向于用表情符号来表达图片的含义，但年轻的数字原住民可能会用它们来表达讽刺的意思，或者用它们来表达完全不同的想法。例如，对许多成年人来说，头骨和交叉的骨头意味着死亡或危险，而许多年轻人说，对他们来说，这意味着笑得非常厉害——就像“我快要笑死了。”)”可知，代际差异可能导致对表情符号的误解。故选D。 30.词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“She quizzed a Gen Z friend and was confused by the”以及后文“On its face, the cowboy, a grinning emoji wearing a hat, can signify a special brand of quirky, giggly happiness．But for many in Gen Z, it means the sender is putting on a front, smiling on the outside while dying on the inside.(在它的脸上，一个戴着帽子咧嘴笑着的牛仔表情符号，可以象征一种特殊的、古怪的、傻笑的幸福。但对许多Z世代的人来说，这意味着寄件人是在装样子，外表微笑，内心死亡)”可知，表情符号存在潜在的其他含义，即她问了一个Z世代的朋友，被一些Z世代的表情符号所包含的潜在含义所迷惑。故划线词意思是“暗指，暗示”。故选B。 31.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Keever feels she should have her finger on the pulse of how people communicate on the Internet．“There’s nothing that makes you feel older than googling what an emoji means, ”she said.( Keever觉得她应该掌握人们如何在互联网上交流的脉搏。“没有什么比在谷歌上搜索表情符号的含义更让人觉得自己老了，”她说)”可知，Keever 想要掌握人们如何沟通的脉搏以跟上数字原生代的交流方式。故选D。 话题三：人与自我 1．（23-24高二下·浙江省嘉兴市·期末） Humans have been living together since... forever. But it’s only recently that the term co-living has started to appear everywhere. Co-living is a real estate (房地产) term that has been recently popularized by the rise of housing startups offering affordable housing in homes occupied by five or more adult roommates. These co-living spaces take many forms, including everything from single family homes repurposed to house non-related families, to floors in a high-rise building that have been transformed into dormitory-style accommodations. According to the U. S. Census, the number of young people aged 18-34 living alone decreased by 10.3% from 2005 to 2015. Factors such as the 2008 housing crisis and student loan debt have made it more difficult for young people to afford their own apartments. This trend is not unique to America. In Hong Kong, where the average living space per person is 160 square feet and 76% of adults aged 18-35 live at home with their parents, co-living is a popular alternative to living at home—and one that allows them to save money to buy their own home in one of the most expensive rental markets in the world. In London, competitive real estate markets make living alone financially unattainable for many. Co-living spaces offer a safe, flexible shared housing option for single people living in. urban areas. They bring together like-minded people. Whether you’re moving to a new city, or busy with work, making friends as an adult can be hard. According to a 2019 survey, about 30% of Millennials “often” or “always” feel lonely. Co-living attempts to solve that problem by offering a built-in community of people who are open to sharing meals, hosting movie nights, and talking about each other’s days. With private bedrooms and shared living spaces, co-living homes allow you to socialize when you want to, and be alone when you don’t. 28.What does the term “co-living” generally refer to? A．Owning a single-family home. B．Living in a family-style building. C．Occupying a room in an apartment. D．Sharing a living space with several others. 29.Why are Hong Kong and London mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To introduce a new trend in living. B．To explain why co-living is so popular. C．To stress how important co-living is. D．To compare two different living styles. 30.We can learn from the last paragraph that co-living can help people ________. A．build a sense of belonging B．enjoy financial freedom C．keep a good work-life balance D．develop problem-solving skills 31.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Shared Spaces: Benefit of Co-living B．Co-living: a Housing Type on the Rise C．Co-living: a Must for Young Adults D．Housing Reform: Co-living as a Solution 【答案】28.D 29.B 30.A 31.B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了“共同居住”的概念、兴起的原因以及优点。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段“Co-living is a real estate (房地产) term that has been recently popularized by the rise of housing startups offering affordable housing in homes occupied by five or more adult roommates．(共同生活是一个房地产术语，最近由于住房初创公司的兴起而流行起来，这些初创公司为五个或更多成年人合住的房屋提供负担得起的住房。)”可知，“共同居住”一词通常指的是与几个人合住。故选D。 29.推理判断题。根据第三段“This trend is not unique to America．In Hong Kong, where the average living space per person is 160 square feet and 76% of adults aged 18-35 live at home with their parents, co-living is a popular alternative to living at home—and one that allows them to save money to buy their own home in one of the most expensive rental markets in the world．In London, competitive real estate markets make living alone financially unattainable for many．(这种趋势并非美国独有。在香港，人均居住面积为160平方英尺，76%的18-35岁成年人与父母同住，合住是一种流行的选择，可以让他们省下钱，在世界上最昂贵的租赁市场之一买房。在伦敦，竞争激烈的房地产市场使得许多人无法在经济上独自生活。)”可知，第3段提到香港和伦敦是为了解释为什么合住如此受欢迎。故选B。 30.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Co-living attempts to solve that problem by offering a built-in community of people who are open to sharing meals, hosting movie nights, and talking about each other’s days．With private bedrooms and shared living spaces, co-living homes allow you to socialize when you want to, and be alone when you don’t．(共同生活试图通过提供一个内置的社区来解决这个问题，人们可以分享食物，举办电影之夜，谈论彼此的日常生活。有了私人卧室和共享的生活空间，合住的房子可以让你在想社交的时候社交，不想社交的时候独处。)”可知，共同生活可以帮助人们建立归属感。故选A。 31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“But it’s only recently that the term co-living has started to appear everywhere．Co-living is a real estate (房地产) term that has been recently popularized by the rise of housing startups offering affordable housing in homes occupied by five or more adult roommates．(但直到最近，“共同居住”这个词才开始到处出现。共同生活是一个房地产术语，最近由于住房初创公司的兴起而流行起来，这些初创公司为五个或更多成年人合住的房屋提供负担得起的住房。)”结合文章主要解释了“共同居住”的概念、兴起的原因以及优点。可知，B选项“共同居住：一种正在兴起的住房类型”最符合文章标题。故选B。 D 话题一：人与社会 1．（23-24高二下·浙江省环大罗山联盟·期末） If you want to keep your kids from drinking, start by looking at your own consumption. That’s because adolescents whose parents drank regularly or binge drank were four times more likely to drink themselves, according to a newly-published study. Binge drinking is defined as at least four drinks for women and five drinks for men on one occasion. Dr. Marissa Esser, senior study author, stresses that binge drinking not only harms the drinker but increases the likelihood of their teens engaging in alcohol consumption. It isn’t surprising to see a connection between parent and teen drinking. The reason could be tied to multiple things like modeling, alcohol accessibility in the home or a parent’s permissiveness around drinking, said Dr. Scott Hadland, chief of adolescent and young adult medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital. However, Dr. Dick, director of the Rutgers Addiction Research Center, suggests a strong genetic component may also play a role. “About 50% of the differences between how much kids drink — especially as they move through adolescence into young adulthood — is due to differences in their genes,” Dick said. Teenagers’ alcohol consumption is a cause for concern due to potential health and brain development consequences. Dr. Dick highlights that the age at which a person begins drinking is closely linked to their risk of developing addiction. Data cited by Dr. Dick indicates that over 45% of individuals who start drinking at age 13 or younger experience alcohol-related issues, while less than 10% of those who delay drinking until age 21 develop an alcohol use disorder. Reducing parental alcohol consumption can be challenging, even for those without alcohol problems. “Maybe it’s difficult because you have a habit of settling down after a long day with a glass of wine or because it feels strange to be at a party with friends and not have a cocktail in hand,” said journalist Rosamund Dean. However, if you’ re looking to reduce your drinking, there’re effective ways to do it, she said. 32.Which of the following is Dr．Dick’s point of view? A．Alcohol intake variation are genetically influenced B．Early alcohol initiation reduces future alcohol risks. C．Alcohol addiction is a severe problem among teens. D．Delaying drinking helps teens avoid alcohol addiction. 33.How does Dr．Dick illustrate his point of view? A．By offering examples. B．By giving a definition. C．By presenting statistics. D．By quoting experts’ words. 34.What might be talked about in the following-up paragraph? A．Why teens should reduce drinking. B．How parents can cut down on alcohol. C．What kinds of teens may have alcohol issues. D．What influences teens’ alcohol consumption. 35.What can be the best title for the text? A．Alcohol and Teenagers: A Concern of Parents B．Alcohol Use Disorder: An Issue Among Teenagers C．Parents’ Alcohol Consumption: A Harmless Pastime D．Parental Impact on Teen Drinking: A Reminder for Families 【答案】32.A 33.C 34.B 35.D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了父母会影响青少年的饮酒量，引用了相关的研究加以证明。 32.细节理解题。根据第四段“However, Dr．Dick, director of the Rutgers Addiction Research Center, suggests a strong genetic component may also play a role．“About 50% of the differences between how much kids drink — especially as they move through adolescence into young adulthood — is due to differences in their genes,” Dick said.(然而，罗格斯大学成瘾研究中心主任迪克博士认为，强烈的遗传成分也可能起作用。迪克说:“孩子们饮酒量的差异——尤其是当他们从青春期进入青年期时——大约有50%是由于他们的基因差异造成的。”)”可知，酒精摄入量的变化受基因影响。故选A。 33.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Data cited by Dr．Dick indicates that over 45% of individuals who start drinking at age 13 or younger experience alcohol-related issues, while less than 10% of those who delay drinking until age 21 develop an alcohol use disorder.(迪克博士引用的数据表明，在13岁或更小的年龄开始饮酒的人中，超过45%的人会出现与酒精有关的问题，而在21岁才开始饮酒的人中，只有不到10%的人会出现酒精使用障碍)”可知，迪克博士通过提供统计数据阐述他的观点。故选C。 34.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Reducing parental alcohol consumption can be challenging, even for those without alcohol problems．“Maybe it’s difficult because you have a habit of settling down after a long day with a glass of wine or because it feels strange to be at a party with friends and not have a cocktail in hand,” said journalist Rosamund Dean．However, if you’ re looking to reduce your drinking, there’re effective ways to do it, she said.(即使对那些没有酗酒问题的人来说，减少父母的饮酒量也是一项挑战。记者罗莎蒙德·迪安说：“也许这很难，因为你习惯在漫长的一天后喝一杯葡萄酒安顿下来，或者是因为在和朋友聚会时手里没有鸡尾酒会觉得很奇怪。”然而，如果你想减少饮酒量，有一些有效的方法可以做到，她说。)”可知，在接下来的段落中可能会讨论父母如何减少饮酒。故选B。 35.主旨大意题。根据第一段“If you want to keep your kids from drinking, start by looking at your own consumption．That’s because adolescents whose parents drank regularly or binge drank were four times more likely to drink themselves, according to a newly-published study.(如果你想阻止孩子饮酒，那就先审视一下自己的饮酒习惯吧。一项最新发表的研究表明，父母经常饮酒或酗酒的青少年，自己也喝酒的可能性是（其他青少年的）四倍。)”结合文章主要说明了父母会影响青少年的饮酒量，引用了相关的研究加以证明。可知，D选项“父母对青少年饮酒的影响：对家庭的提醒”最符合文章标题。故选D。 2．（23-24高二下·浙江省金华市·期末） Free-riding means people can benefit from a service without paying anything. It also arises if people can get benefit without making equal contributions. So a free rider always enjoys the benefits of a resource or service while letting someone else do the work or do more work. There are several effects of the free rider problem. The first is the Tragedy (悲剧) of the Commons, a situation in which individuals with access to a public resource act in their own interest and, in doing so, finally use up the resource. For example, imagine that a group of people share a piece of land where they all graze (让……吃草) their cattle. If each person just tries to maximize their own short-term gain, they will let their cattle graze as much as possible. However, if everyone does this, the land will quickly become overgrazed and will not be able to support any cattle. Another effect is that the free rider problem can lead to a situation in which people do not have access to important goods and services. This is because providers may not be able to get back the costs of providing the goods or services if too many people free ride. Imagine that a city decides to build a new hospital through donations. If too many people rely on others to donate, rather than donate themselves, then the hospital may not be built at all. This means that people who need medical care in the area may not have access to it. There are several solutions to the free rider problem. Government addresses the problem by collecting tax dollars to support public services. Theoretically, taxes are related to income, so fair cost-sharing can be achieved. Communities can turn their public resource into a private or club resource, charging fees to make sure everyone who uses it contributes to it. This will limit overuse and, over time, may even lead to altruistic (利他的) behavior. That is, many people may like the idea of making a small contribution to a resource that they use. 32.Which of the following may best show the nature of free-riding? A．Less is more. B．Many hands make light work. C．Let George do it. D．Jack of all trades and master of none. 33.What is one of the effects produced by the free rider problem? A．People tend to maximize their long-term gain. B．A group of people have to share goods and services. C．Individuals overuse a shared resource for personal gain. D．The costs of providing the goods and services are rising. 34.How is paragraph 3 mainly developed? A．By referring to a study. B．By giving an example. C．By making a comparison. D．By explaining a definition. 35.What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To draw people’s attention to public services. B．To stress the importance of making donations. C．To inform the readers of the free rider problem. D．To call on the government to solve the free rider problem. 【答案】32.C 33.C 34.B 35.C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章客观地解释了“搭便车”现象的概念、所带来的影响以及提出的一些解决措施。 32.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Free-riding means people can benefit from a service without paying anything．It also arises if people can get benefit without making equal contributions．So a free rider always enjoys the benefits of a resource or service while letting someone else do the work or do more work．(搭便车意味着人们无需支付任何费用就可以从一项服务中获益。如果人们不做出同等的贡献就能获得利益，也会出现这种情况。所以搭便车者总是享受某种资源或服务的好处，而让别人做这些工作或做更多的工作)”可知，选项C“Let George do it．(让乔治来做吧。)” 最能体现搭便车的本质，意味着让别人去做事，而自己享受成果，符合搭便车者不付出成本却享受利益的行为特点。故选C。 33.细节理解题。 根据文章第二段中的“There are several effects of the free rider problem．The first is the Tragedy (悲剧) of the Commons, a situation in which individuals with access to a public resource act in their own interest and, in doing so, finally use up the resource．(搭便车问题有几个影响。第一种是“公共地悲剧”，在这种情况下，拥有公共资源的个人为了自己的利益而行动，最终耗尽了资源)”可知，搭便车问题产生的影响之一是共享资源因个人追求私利而被过度使用。故选C。 34.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Another effect is that the free rider problem can lead to a situation in which people do not have access to important goods and services．This is because providers may not be able to get back the costs of providing the goods or services if too many people free ride．Imagine that a city decides to build a new hospital through donations．If too many people rely on others to donate, rather than donate themselves, then the hospital may not be built at all．This means that people who need medical care in the area may not have access to it．(另一个影响是搭便车问题可能导致人们无法获得重要商品和服务的情况。这是因为如果太多人免费乘车，供应商可能无法收回提供商品或服务的成本。想象一下，一个城市决定通过捐赠建立一所新医院。如果太多的人依靠别人来捐赠，而不是自己捐赠，那么医院可能根本就建不起来。这意味着该地区需要医疗服务的人可能无法获得医疗服务)”可知，第三段通过举例说明了免费搭车问题的一个影响，即假设一个城市试图通过捐赠建立新医院的情景来阐述如果太多人期望他人捐款而非自己行动，可能会导致医院建不成的结果。因此，该段落主要通过举例子展开论述。故选B。 35.推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Free-riding means people can benefit from a service without paying anything．It also arises if people can get benefit without making equal contributions．So a free rider always enjoys the benefits of a resource or service while letting someone else do the work or do more work．(搭便车意味着人们无需支付任何费用就可以从一项服务中获益。如果人们不做出同等的贡献就能获得利益，也会出现这种情况。所以搭便车者总是享受某种资源或服务的好处，而让别人做这些工作或做更多的工作)”和最后一段中“There are several solutions to the free rider problem．(有几种解决搭便车问题的方法)”可知，文章整体介绍了什么是搭便车问题、它产生的几个效应以及针对这一问题的几种解决方案。其主要目的是告知读者搭便车问题的存在及其影响，以及可能的解决办法。故选C。 3．（23-24高二下·浙江省台州市·期末） Climate models can give us a preview of how humanity’s actions — or inaction — will change our planet over the coming decades and centuries. But because the planet is such a complex system, they aren’t perfect climate models have uncertainties that grow larger as they go farther into the future. Scientists and engineers from across the country are teaming up to build a new type of climate model that is designed to provide more precise and actionable predictions. Current climate modeling relies on dividing up the globe into a grid (格子) and then computing what is going on in each sector of the grid, as well a show the sectors interact with each other. Limitations in available computer processing power mean that those sectors generally cannot be any smaller than tens of kilometers per side. But for climate modeling, the devil is in the details — details that get missed in a too-large grid. “For cities planning their stormwater management facilities to resist the next 100 years’ worth of floods, this is a serious issue. Concrete answers about the likely range of climate outcomes are key for planning.” says Tapio Schneider, senior research scientist at CliMA． Weighing recent advances in the computational and data sciences, the team plans to step incandesce of the partners brings a different strength and research expertise to the project. “Our goal is a new model that projects future changes in critical variables such as cloud cover, sea ice extent, and rainfall more accurately—with uncertainties at least half the size of those in existing models.” said Dr. Andrew, the team leader. One doubter about the application of climate models is Raffaele Ferrari, a Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Oceanography at MIT. “Using a model, we become puppeteers, masters of a giant system that is, in truth, beyond human control. We can cool or heat the planet at will, add salt or ice or rain or dust in any amount we want,” Dr. Ferrari says. “We have no backup planet. How climate models are used remains to be seen.” 32.Why are climate models built? A．To collect scientific data. B．To monitor human actions. C．To deliver useful forecasts. D．To maintain social systems. 33.What is the problem of current climate modeling? A．Shortage of facilities. B．Reliance on computers. C．Inability to get smaller grids. D．Limitation in simplifying details. 34.What does the team aim to do? A．Investigate serious issues. B．Guarantee the safety of the city. C．Change the future climate. D．Improve the accuracy of the models. 35.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Climate models enjoys great popularity. B．Scientists have created a new climate model. C．Doubts about climate models are disappearing. D．Caution is advised in the use of climate models. 【答案】32.C 33.C 34.D 35.D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。本文围绕气候模型的主题，解释了其工作原理、存在的局限性，以及科学家们如何努力改进气候模型以提高预测的准确性和实用性。 32.细节理解题。根据第一段“Climate models can give us a preview of how humanity’s actions—or inaction—will change our planet over the coming decades and centuries.(气候模型可以让我们预览人类的行为——或不作为——将如何在未来几十年和几个世纪改变我们的星球)”以及“Scientists and engineers from across the country are teaming up to build a new type of climate model that is designed to provide more precise and actionable predictions.(来自全国各地的科学家和工程师正在合作建立一种新型的气候模型，旨在提供更精确和可操作的预测)”可知，建立气候模型是为了提供有用的预测。故选C项。 33.细节理解题。根据第二段“Current climate modeling relies on dividing up the globe into a grid (格子) and then computing what is going on in each sector of the grid, as well a show the sectors interact with each other．Limitations in available computer processing power mean that those sectors generally cannot be any smaller than tens of kilometers per side．But for climate modeling, the devil is in the details—details that get missed in a too-large grid.(目前的气候模型依赖于将全球划分成一个网格，然后计算网格中每个区域的情况，以及显示区域之间的相互作用。可用计算机处理能力的限制意味着这些扇区通常不能小于每边几十公里。但对于气候模型来说，关键在于细节——那些在太大的网格中被遗漏的细节)”可知，当前气候模型的问题是无法得到更小的网格。故选C项。 34.细节理解题。根据第三段“Weighing recent advances in the computational and data sciences, the team plans to step incandesce of the partners brings a different strength and research expertise to the project．“Our goal is a new model that projects future changes in critical variables such as cloud cover, sea ice extent, and rainfall more accurately—with uncertainties at least half the size of those in existing models.” said Dr．Andrew, the team leader.(考虑到计算和数据科学的最新进展，该团队计划进行深入研究。每个合作伙伴都为该项目带来了不同的优势和研究专长。“我们的目标是创建一个新模型，能够更准确地预测云量、海冰范围和降雨量等关键变量的未来变化，而且不确定性至少比现有模型中的小一半。”团队负责人安德鲁博士说)”可知，团队的目标是提高模型的准确性。故选D项。 35.推理判断题。根据最后一段“One doubter about the application of climate models is Raffaele Ferrari, a Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Oceanography at MIT．“Using a model, we become puppeteers, masters of a giant system that is, in truth, beyond human control．We can cool or heat the planet at will, add salt or ice or rain or dust in any amount we want,” Dr．Ferrari says．“We have no backup planet．How climate models are used remains to be seen.”(麻省理工学院海洋学Cecil和Ida Green教授 Raffaele Ferrari对气候模型的应用持怀疑态度。“通过模型，我们成为了操纵木偶的大师，成为了一个巨大系统的主人，而这个系统实际上超出了人类的控制。我们可以随意冷却或加热地球，可以随意添加我们想要的盐、冰、雨或灰尘，”Ferrari博士说。“我们没有备用星球。如何使用气候模型还有待观察。”)”可知，Ferrari警告人们如何使用气候模型还有待观察，所以在使用气候模型时应谨慎。故选D项。 4．（23-24高二下·浙江省宁波市·期末） According to the Global Maritime Wrecks Database, the ocean's bottom hosts over 250,000shipwrecks (沉船) , from 2,200BCE to today, but UNESCO believes there could be as many as three million, largely undiscovered. Wrecks offer historical insights, relics, metals for reuse, and potential treasures. The Colombian government is working out the best way to raise the San Jose, an 18th-centurySpanish sailboat that sank within the country's waters, having invested $3.5 million in conservation. But some scientists believe that shipwrecks are just as valuable when left at the bottom of the sea. A shipwreck contains history and becomes part of the ocean, influenced by nature. It's like a museum piece interacting with its surroundings. Shipwrecks help us see how oceans and coasts change. In the Mississippi delta, they track dangerous mudslides affecting oil facilities and pipelines. A sunken tanker near Louisiana moved 11km over 80 years due to mud. Shipwrecks also show how sea life might live around new underwater structures. They create homes for sea animals, with some having more diversity than natural reefs. Meyer-Kaiser says any man-made object in water becomes a habitat, though some might not be as good for sea creatures. Ocean currents, warming waters, and invasive species can be risks to shipwrecks. To prevent unauthorized exploration, the locations of more than 200 shipwrecks have largely been kept secret. Meyer-Kaiser says she had to sign a non-disclosure agreement (保密协议) to study them. However, Meyer-Kaiser's research suggests that another activity could be causing much more damage: commercial fishing. In response, a pilot project called the Shipwreck Avoidance Program was launched, showing promising results. 32.What do some scientists probably agree with according to Paragraph 2? A．Underwater shipwrecks should also be valued. B．The San Jose sailboat is worth the investment. C．Shipwrecks are more valuable than potential treasures. D．The Colombian government thinks little of shipwrecks. 33.What does Paragraph 3 focus on? A．The history of shipwrecks. B．The interaction with nature. C．The habitat for sea creatures. D．The significance of shipwrecks. 34.What has been done to protect shipwrecks? A．Removing invasive creatures. B．Stopping exploring shipwrecks. C．Agreeing to prevent further damage. D．Conducting the Shipwreck Avoidance Program. 35.What might be the best title for the passage? A．Diversity of Shipwrecks B．Ocean's Hidden Museums C．Undiscovered Shipwrecks D．Insight into Wrecks Research 【答案】32.A 33.D 34.D 35.B 【解析】 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章主要介绍了在希腊和土耳其之间的爱琴海，考古学家发现了至少58艘沉船，沉船上装满了古代物品，阐述了沉船的价值。 32.细节理解题。根据第二段的“But some scientists believe that shipwrecks are just as valuable when left at the bottom of the sea.( 但一些科学家认为，留在海底的沉船残骸同样有价值。)”可知，科学家认为水下沉船也应该受到重视。故选A。 33.主旨大意题。根据第三段的“A shipwreck contains history and becomes part of the ocean, influenced by nature．It's like a museum piece interacting with its surroundings．Shipwrecks help us see how oceans and coasts change.(沉船承载着历史，受到自然的影响，成为海洋的一部分。它就像一件与周围环境互动的博物馆藏品。沉船帮助我们了解海洋和海岸是如何变化的。)”和“Shipwrecks also show how sea life might live around new underwater structures．They create homes for sea animals, with some having more diversity than natural reefs．Meyer-Kaiser says any man-made object in water becomes a habitat, though some might not be as good for sea creatures.(沉船也显示了海洋生物如何生活在新的水下结构周围。它们为海洋动物创造了家园，其中一些比天然珊瑚礁更多样化。Meyer-Kaiser说，水中的任何人造物体都可以成为栖息地，尽管有些可能不适合海洋生物。)”可知，本段集中在沉船的重要性上。故选D。 34.细节理解题。根据倒数第一段的“To prevent unauthorized exploration, the locations of more than 200 shipwrecks have largely been kept secret．Meyer-Kaiser says she had to sign a non-disclosure agreement (保密协议) to study them.(为了防止未经授权的勘探，200多艘沉船的位置基本上是保密的。迈耶-凯泽说，她必须签署一份保密协议才能研究它们。)”可知，为了保护沉船必须签署保密协议。故选D。 35.主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Wrecks offer historical insights, relics, metals for reuse, and potential treasures.( 沉船提供了历史见解、文物、可重复使用的金属和潜在的宝藏。)”和“But some scientists believe that shipwrecks are just as valuable when left at the bottom of the sea.( 但一些科学家认为,当在海底留下的时候,沉船就像有价值的一样。)”并通读全文可知，本文讲述了沉船的价值，提供了历史见解、文物、可重复使用的金属和潜在的宝藏，如同海洋里隐藏的博物馆，因此推断B项“海洋隐藏的博物馆”为最佳标题。故选B。 5（23-24高二下·浙江省宁波九校·期末） Some girls tend to feel frustrated if they have a pear-shaped body, with hips that are wider than the bust (胸部) and shoulders. While pear-shaped people’s waists are typically smaller, they may have more fat on their hips and legs. As a result, many pear-shaped girls try to hide their hips and legs under large dresses and pants. However, a recent study suggested that pear-shaped people are the ones who won the genetic lottery! A study published in September by the US National Library of Medicine found that the waist-to-hip ratio(WHR) shows the strongest and most consistent association with mortality. Traditionally, the body mass index (BMI) has been considered the best indicator of health. However, this study challenges this belief. It surveyed nearly 40,000 people and found that, regardless of BMI, WHR is positively correlated with all-cause mortality(all of the deaths that occur in a population no matter the cause). The larger the WHR, the higher the all-cause mortality rate will be. Instead of focusing on how much fat a person has, scientists involved in this study suggest people should focus more on how fat is distributed in a person’s body. WHR, as its name suggests, compares your waist measurement to your hip measurement. A larger waistline means more central fat, which could indicate more visceral fat (内脏脂肪), also known as toxic fat. Harvard Medical School states that more visceral fat increases the risk of illnesses including diabetes, heart diseases and asthma. That’s why people with a pear-shaped body tend to be healthier than others. According to the World Health Organization(WHO), a healthy WHR is less than 0.85 for women and less than 0.9 for men. It is impossible to specifically target waist fat when people try to lose weight. But losing overall fat will make the waist smaller. Researchers from Johns Hopkins University suggested we eat less carbohydrates and more food higher in fiber and protein. Moreover, doing strength training helps build more muscle, which makes you burn more calories even when you’re resting. 32.Why do pear-shaped girls prefer baggy trousers? A．To show off their long legs. B．To hide their broad shoulders. C．To showcase their slim waists. D．To cover their wide hips and thick legs. 33.What does the recent study find that goes against the conventional belief? A．Pear-shaped people are much healthier. B．WHR consistently correlates with death rate. C．Pear-shaped people are lucky to win lotteries. D．A smaller BMI indicates healthier physical condition. 34.What does the author primarily intend to do in Paragraph 4? A．To announce the standard WHR set by World Health Organization. B．To explain why pear-shaped body are likely to be healthier than others. C．To introduce what WHR refers to and how to measure our waistlines. D．To reveal the huge risks of various illnesses visceral fat can bring about. 35.What’s the text mainly about? A．A practical tip for losing waist fat. B．A healthy WHR recommended by WHO. C．A surprise bonus won by pear-shaped bodies. D．A typical bodyshape bringing good to health. 【答案】32.D 33.B 34.B 35.C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现，梨形身材的人往往比其他人更健康，对此进行了解释说明。 32.细节理解题。根据第一段“As a result, many pear-shaped girls try to hide their hips and legs under large dresses and pants.(因此，许多梨形身材的女孩试图把臀部和腿藏在大裙子和裤子下面)”可知，梨形身材的女孩更喜欢宽松的裤子是为了遮住他们宽大的臀部和粗腿。故选D。 33.细节理解题。根据第三段“A study published in September by the US National Library of Medicine found that the waist-to-hip ratio(WHR) shows the strongest and most consistent association with mortality．Traditionally, the body mass index (BMI) has been considered the best indicator of health．However, this study challenges this belief．(美国国家医学图书馆9月份发表的一项研究发现，腰臀比（WHR）与死亡率的关系最密切、最一致。传统上，身体质量指数（BMI）被认为是健康的最佳指标。然而，这项研究挑战了这种观点)”可知，最近的研究发现WHR始终与死亡率相关与传统观念相反。故选B。 34.推理判断题。根据第四段“WHR, as its name suggests, compares your waist measurement to your hip measurement．A larger waistline means more central fat, which could indicate more visceral fat (内脏脂肪), also known as toxic fat．Harvard Medical School states that more visceral fat increases the risk of illnesses including diabetes, heart diseases and asthma．That’s why people with a pear-shaped body tend to be healthier than others．According to the World Health Organization(WHO), a healthy WHR is less than 0.85 for women and less than 0.9 for men.(WHR，顾名思义，比较你的腰围和臀围。腰围越大，意味着更多的中心脂肪，这可能意味着更多的内脏脂肪，也被称为有毒脂肪。哈佛医学院指出，内脏脂肪过多会增加患糖尿病、心脏病和哮喘等疾病的风险。这就是为什么梨形身材的人往往比其他人更健康。根据世界卫生组织的数据，女性健康的腰宽比小于0.85，男性健康的腰宽比小于0.9)”可知，作者在第4段解释为什么梨形身材的人可能比其他人更健康。故选B。 35.主旨大意题。根据第二段“However, a recent study suggested that pear-shaped people are the ones who won the genetic lottery!(然而，最近的一项研究表明，梨形的人是那些赢得了基因彩票的人！)”结合文章主要说明了研究发现，梨形身材的人往往比其他人更健康，对此进行了解释说明。可知，这篇文章主要讲了梨形身材赢得意外奖金。故选C。 6．（23-24高二下·浙江省舟山市·期末） It’s in the dirt on the ground, the debris (碎片) on your roof, and the dust that tickles your nose — tiny pieces of “cosmic dust”, everywhere. These microscopic particles from outer space are micrometeorites (微陨石) — mostly the debris from comets and asteroids (小行星) — and they have settled all over our planet. Once the particles settle to the ground, they can be found anywhere; they could be sitting on your clothes right now. But despite their widespread presence, finding cosmic dust isn’t easy. One place that the particles show up more easily is Antarctica. Around a decade ago, Mattew Genge at Imperial College London spent seven weeks searching for and collecting dust there. The downside to collecting dust from Antarctica is the cost and complications of travelling there. That’s why Penny Wozniakiewicz of the University of Kent in the UK has focused her research closer to home. The key is to collect materials from a fairly undisturbed spot. For instance, she samples on the rooftops of old cathedrals in the UK. She focuses on these roofs because they are old and more untouched than modern buildings. What’s more, historic buildings like cathedrals usually have well-kept records that indicate when maintenance and cleaning have been done. That makes it easier to determine how long cosmic dust has been collecting and gives researchers insight into what other particles might be present in the dust they collect. This allows them to more efficiently remove the Earth stuff, and focus on the space stuff. Each year, approximately 100 billion particles of space dust land on Earth, carrying secrets from asteroids and offering glimpses into the formation of galaxies. These micrometeorites not only contain water but also organic molecules (分子); they potentially serve as the building blocks for life on Earth. Cosmic dust could, therefore, tell scientists about the intricate (错综复杂的) relationship between these celestial bodies and Earth. It acts as a bridge, connecting us to the wider universe. 32.Which of the following statements is true about cosmic dust? A．The dust is very easy to collect because it is widespread. B．Mattew Genge failed to collect the dust around ten years ago. C．All tiny pieces of cosmic dust are not from comets and asteroids. D．Antarctica is the only place where the dust shows up more easily. 33.Penny chose to research on the roofs of old cathedrals for the reasons EXCEPT __________. A．they often have well-preserved records of maintenance and cleaning B．they are more efficient for researchers to make the Earth stuff removed C．they are more ancient and undisturbed than buildings built in modern times D．they are less expensive and complicated to approach than travelling to Antarctica 34.What does paragraph 5 imply? A．Micrometeorites are the building blocks for life on earth. B．About 100 billion particles of cosmic dust are collected every year. C．Cosmic dust is a bridge which connects us to the wider universe. D．Scientists can know more about the outer space through cosmic dust. 35.What is the best title for the passage? A．The Cosmic Dust: Sitting on Your Roof B．Antarctica: The Home to Cosmic Dust C．Old Cathedrals: Undisturbed Spot for Cosmic Dust D．Micrometeorites: Particles from Outer Space 【答案】32.C 33.B 34.D 35.A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宇宙尘埃的来源以及科学家通过屋顶上的尘埃来研究太空尘埃颗粒的原因。 32.细节理解题。根据第一段“These microscopic particles from outer space are micrometeorites (微陨石) — mostly the debris from comets and asteroids (小行星) — and they have settled all over our planet.(这些来自外太空的微小颗粒是微陨石——主要是彗星和小行星的碎片——它们遍布我们的星球)”可知，C选项“并非所有微小的宇宙尘埃都来自彗星和小行星”正确。故选C。 33.细节理解题。根据第三段“The downside to collecting dust from Antarctica is the cost and complications of travelling there.(从南极洲收集灰尘的缺点是旅行的成本和复杂性)”以及第四段“She focuses on these roofs because they are old and more untouched than modern buildings．What’s more, historic buildings like cathedrals usually have well-kept records that indicate when maintenance and cleaning have been done.(她专注于这些屋顶，因为它们比现代建筑更古老，更原始。更重要的是，像大教堂这样的历史建筑通常有保存完好的记录，表明何时进行了维护和清洁)”可知，B选项不是研究屋顶的原因。故选B。 34.推理判断题。根据第五段“Cosmic dust could, therefore, tell scientists about the intricate (错综复杂的) relationship between these celestial bodies and Earth．It acts as a bridge, connecting us to the wider universe.(因此，宇宙尘埃可以告诉科学家这些天体和地球之间复杂的关系。它就像一座桥梁，将我们与更广阔的宇宙连接起来)”可知，第5段暗示了科学家可以通过宇宙尘埃更多地了解外太空。故选D。 35.主旨大意题。根据第三段“The downside to collecting dust from Antarctica is the cost and complications of travelling there．That’s why Penny Wozniakiewicz of the University of Kent in the UK has focused her research closer to home．The key is to collect materials from a fairly undisturbed spot．For instance, she samples on the rooftops of old cathedrals in the UK.(从南极洲收集灰尘的缺点是旅行的成本和复杂性。这就是为什么英国肯特大学的Penny Wozniakiewicz把她的研究重点放在离家更近的地方。关键是要从一个相当不受干扰的地方收集材料。例如，她在英国旧教堂的屋顶上取样)”结合文章主要介绍了宇宙尘埃的来源以及科学家通过屋顶上的尘埃来研究太空尘埃颗粒的原因。可知，A选项“宇宙尘埃：落在你的屋顶上”最符合文章标题。故选A。 话题二：人与自我 1．（23-24高二下·浙江省宁波市慈溪市·期末） When it comes to heart attacks, the first image that often comes to mind is that of a middle-aged or older overweight man, clutching his chest and struggling with a pained expression. You’re far less likely to think of a female heart attack victim. According to Forbes, medical research has traditionally been led by men, which unavoidably leads to a lack of female-related data and information in medical research. From diagnosis to treatment, gender differences are often overlooked. A previous study found that women are 25 percent more likely to die of heart attacks than men in the same circumstances. The reason lies in the difference in heart attack symptoms between men and women. According to the Mayo Clinic, one of the top-ranking hospitals in the US, women are less likely to have chest pains, which are deemed as a typical symptom of heart attacks. Instead, they have more atypical symptoms, including shoulder pain and arm pain. As a result, many women were initially given a mistaken diagnosis, delaying access to the right treatment and increasing the fatality rate. Even if a female is correctly and promptly diagnosed with a heart attack, there’s another problem: medicine. Research has found that certain medicines used to dissolve blood clots (凝块) right after a heart attack can be helpful for a lot of men, but might lead to serious bleeding issues in women. Still, the fields of healthcare and medicine see a male’s body as the “standard” human body. For example, Valium (安定) has been promoted as the “mother’s little helper” for treating anxiety among women. However, a study noted that the medicine developer had never conducted a single trial involving women until 2003. Take a look at the medicine you have taken recently: There’s always one recommended dosage for adults. But who is this dosage meant for? An adult in general, or specifically an adult man? 32.Which is the reason for a lack of female-related data and information in medical research? A．Gender differences are always ignored. B．Men play a main part in the medical research. C．The medical field is totally dominated by men. D．There is a shortage of women’s diagnosis and treatment. 33.Why are women at a higher risk of dying of a heart attack than men? A．Women are less willing to seek medical help. B．Women often display less obvious symptoms. C．Women are more easily given a wrong diagnosis. D．Women’s symptoms are often more severe than men’s. 34.Why does the author mention Valium in Paragraph 4? A．To demonstrate gender-based healthcare inequalities. B．To call for correct use of medicine on different people. C．To describe the historical use of Valium by both genders. D．To show Valium’s effectiveness in treating women’s anxiety. 35.What is the passage mainly about? A．Differences in heart attack treatments. B．The importance of female data in medicine. C．The gender gap in healthcare and medicine. D．Misconceptions about female data in research. 【答案】32.B 33.B 34.A 35.C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是在保健和医药领域的性别差距。 32.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“According to Forbes, medical research has traditionally been led by men, which unavoidably leads to a lack of female-related data and information in medical research.(据《福布斯》报道，医学研究传统上是由男性领导的，这不可避免地导致医学研究中缺乏与女性相关的数据和信息。)”可知，医学研究传统上是由男性领导的，这导致了医学研究中缺乏和女性相关的数据，由此可知，导致了医学研究中缺乏和女性相关的数据的原因是男性在医学研究中起主要作用。故选B项。 33.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“According to the Mayo Clinic, one of the top-ranking hospitals in the US, women are less likely to have chest pains, which are deemed as a typical symptom of heart attacks．Instead, they have more atypical symptoms, including shoulder pain and arm pain.(据美国顶级医院之一的梅奥诊所称，女性不太可能出现胸痛，而胸痛被认为是心脏病发作的典型症状。相反，他们有更多的非典型症状，包括肩痛和手臂痛。)”可知，女性心脏病发作不太可能出现胸痛这样被认为是心脏病发作的典型症状，而是一些其他非典型症状，由此可知，女性死于心脏病的风险比男性高的原因是女性通常表现出不太明显的症状。故选B项。 34.推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Still, the fields of healthcare and medicine see a male’s body as the “standard” human body．For example, Valium (安定) has been promoted as the “mother’s little helper” for treating anxiety among women．However, a study noted that the medicine developer had never conducted a single trial involving women until 2003.(尽管如此，医疗保健和医学领域仍将男性的身体视为“标准”人体。例如，安定被宣传为治疗女性焦虑的“母亲的小帮手”。然而，一项研究指出，该药物开发商在2003年之前从未进行过一项涉及女性的试验。)”可知，医疗保健和医学领域将男性作为研究的“标准”人体，进而在下文提到“安定”，而一项研究表明，“安定”在2003年之前从未进行过一项涉及女性的试验，由此可知，在医疗保健和医学领域，性别上的不平等是存在的，所以，提到“安定”的目的是为了证明基于性别的保健不平等。故选A项。 35.主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“According to Forbes, medical research has traditionally been led by men, which unavoidably leads to a lack of female-related data and information in medical research．From diagnosis to treatment, gender differences are often overlooked.(据《福布斯》报道，医学研究传统上是由男性领导的，这不可避免地导致医学研究中缺乏与女性相关的数据和信息。从诊断到治疗，性别差异往往被忽视。)”可知，根据《福布斯》报道，在医学研究中由于是男性占主导地位，所以导致医学研究中缺乏与女性相关的数据和信息，在诊断到治疗，性别差异往往被忽视，结合下文中介绍的女性患有心脏病表现症状与男性症状不同而导致的误诊以及即使诊断正确，在治疗方面也同样缺乏针对患有心脏病的女性的治疗药物，结合尾段中的“Take a look at the medicine you have taken recently: There’s always one recommended dosage for adults．But who is this dosage meant for? An adult in general, or specifically an adult man?(看一看你最近吃过的药:总是有一个成人推荐剂量。但这药是给谁用的?一般来说是指成年人，还是指成年男子?)”可知，作者建议人们留意一下吃过的药物中所谓的成人剂量是给成年人还是成年男子的，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是在保健和医药领域的性别差距。故选C项。 2．（23-24高二下·浙江省嘉兴市·期末） Handwriting in class seems outdated as digital technology has widely taken over learning. But a steady stream of research suggests that taking notes with pen and paper is still the best way to learn, especially for young children. A study published in Frontiers in Psychology monitored brain activity in students taking notes and discovered that those writing by hand exhibited higher levels of electrical activity across many interconnected brain regions. The new findings suggest that while people type notes quickly without much thought, handwriting is slower and encourages active engagement with the material. This process helps students stay attentive and grasp new concepts more effectively. To understand brain-activity differences during the two note-taking approaches, researchers fixed 256 electrodes (电极) into a hairnet to record the brain activity of 36 students as they wrote or typed words displayed on a screen. When students wrote by hand, the sensors detected widespread brain connectivity across visual regions, sensory processing areas, and the motor cortex (皮层) which is responsible for body movement and sensory-motor integration and helps the brain use environmental inputs to inform a person’s next action. Typing, however, showed minimal activity in these regions. Sophia Vinci-Booher, a neuroscientist at Vanderbilt University, says that the recent study highlights the tie between motor action and conceptual recognition: “When writing a word, you’re using your motor system to create it. That creation is then fed back into the visual system and processed again, strengthening the action-word link.” Yadurshana Sivashankar, a psychologist at the University of Waterloo, notes that people are increasingly “off-loading” cognitive (认知的) tasks onto digital devices, such as by taking a photograph instead of committing information to memory. “If we’re not actively using these areas, then they are going to deteriorate over time, whether it’s memory or motor skills.” Ultimately, Vinci-Booher says, “I think there’s a very strong case for engaging children in handwriting activities, especially when they’re first learning about letters. There’s something about involving the fine-motor system and production activities that really impacts learning.” 32.What is an advantage of taking notes by hand? A．It gets students more active in their life. B．It improves students’ skills of body control. C．It enables students to stay serious and cautious. D．It enhances students’ conceptual understanding. 33.What aspects of the study does paragraph 3 focus on? A．The method and findings. B．The analysis and suggestions. C．The background and subjects. D．The theoretical basis and applications. 34.What does the underlined word “deteriorate” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Develop. B．Expand. C．Decline. D．Disappear. 35.Which of the following may Sophia Vinci-Booher agree with? A．Children should learn to write letters early. B．The motor system is related to learning outcomes. C．Handwriting activities are essential for children’s health. D．The action-word tie depends mostly on the visual system. 【答案】32.D 33.A 34.C 35.B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究表明，用笔和纸做笔记仍然是最好的学习方式，尤其是对幼儿来说。手写笔记可以促进大脑活跃，增强概念理解，对孩子学习字母尤其重要。 32.细节理解题。根据第二段“The new findings suggest that while people type notes quickly without much thought, handwriting is slower and encourages active engagement with the material．This process helps students stay attentive and grasp new concepts more effectively.(新发现表明，虽然人们打字很快，没有太多思考，但手写速度较慢，并鼓励积极参与材料。这个过程有助于学生保持专注，更有效地掌握新概念)”可知，手写笔记有助于学生保持专注，更有效地掌握新概念，增强学生对概念的理解。故选D。 33.主旨大意题。根据第三段“To understand brain-activity differences during the two note-taking approaches, researchers fixed 256 electrodes (电极) into a hairnet to record the brain activity of 36 students as they wrote or typed words displayed on a screen．When students wrote by hand, the sensors detected widespread brain connectivity across visual regions, sensory processing areas, and the motor cortex (皮层) which is responsible for body movement and sensory-motor integration and helps the brain use environmental inputs to inform a person’s next action．Typing, however, showed minimal activity in these regions.(为了了解两种记笔记方法中大脑活动的差异，研究人员将256个电极固定在发网中，记录36名学生在写或键入屏幕上显示的单词时的大脑活动。当学生手写时，传感器检测到大脑在视觉区域、感觉处理区域和运动皮层之间的广泛连接，运动皮层负责身体运动和感觉运动整合，并帮助大脑利用环境输入为人的下一步行动提供信息。然而，打字在这些区域显示出最小的活动)”可知，本段主要介绍了研究人员进行研究时使用的方法及其发现。故选A。 34.词句猜测题。根据第五段“If we’re not actively using these areas, then they are going to deteriorate over time, whether it’s memory or motor skills.(如果我们不积极使用这些区域，那么随着时间的推移，无论是记忆力还是运动技能，它们都会deteriorate)”可知，不积极使用这些区域的话，这些区域的能力会变差，推测划线单词表示“变差，下降”，与decline意义相近。故选C。 35.推理判断题。根据最后一段“I think there’s a very strong case for engaging children in handwriting activities, especially when they’re first learning about letters．There’s something about involving the fine-motor system and production activities that really impacts learning.(我认为有充分的理由让孩子们参与手写活动，尤其是当他们第一次学习字母时。涉及精细运动系统和生产活动确实会影响学习)”可知，根据Sophia Vinci-Booher所说，涉及精细运动系统和生产活动会影响学习，与学习结果有关。故选B。 3．（23-24高二下·浙江省衢州市·期末） A recent study by UCLA Health discovered that women who feel lonely show brain activity in areas linked to cravings and the drive to eat, particularly when viewing images of high-calorie foods like sugary treats. These women also displayed unhealthy eating habits and suffered from poor mental health. Arpana Gupta, Ph. D．, a researcher and co-director of the UCLA Goodman-LuskinMicrobiome Center, wanted to research the negative impacts of loneliness, especially as people continue to be working remotely after the COVID-19 pandemic, and how the brain interacts with social isolation, eating habits, and mental health. While it is established that obesity is linked to depression and anxiety and that overeating is understood to be a coping mechanism (机制) against loneliness, Gupta wanted to observe the brain pathways associated with these feelings and behaviors. The researchers surveyed 93 women about their support system and their feelings of loneliness and isolation, then separated them into two groups: those who scored high on the perceived social loneliness scale, and those who scored low. The researchers found that women who had higher levels of social loneliness tended to have higher fat mass, lower diet quality, reward-based eating, and uncontrolled eating, and increased levels of anxiety and depression. The women were then shown pictures of food versus non-food, sweet food versus non-food, and savory food versus non-food. MRI scans recorded the participants’ brain activity while they viewed these images. The researchers found that the group of women who perceived themselves to be lonely experienced increased activation in regions of the brain associated with greater drive to eat sugary foods, and decreased activation in the brain region associated with self-control toward eating behaviors. “These findings are interesting because it provides evidence for what we intuitively (直觉地) know,” Gupta said. “When people are alone or lonely, it impacts more than how they are feeling; they underreport what they eat, and their desire to eat unhealthy foods.” 32.Which word is closest in meaning to “craving”  in Paragraph 1? A．Desire. B．Willingness. C．Discipline. D．Ambition. 33.What’s the function of Paragraph 2? A．Providing earlier research results. B．Explaining the research methods. C．Introducing the research background. D．Telling the significance of the research. 34.Which of the following statements matches the findings of this research? A．The lonelier women feel, the less they eat. B．Obesity is linked to depression and anxiety. C．Loneliness can drive women to eat more sugary food. D．Lonely women often lie about their mental problems. 35.What is the best title for the text? A．Eating the Way to Happiness B．Feeding the “Lonely Brain” C．Loneliness Leads to Obesity D．Food Sweetens Sad Souls 【答案】32.A 33.C 34.C 35.B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项研究发现感到孤独的女性大脑中与渴望和食欲有关的区域活跃，尤其是在看到含糖食物等高热量食物的图像时。 32.词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“A recent study by UCLA Health discovered that women who feel lonely show brain activity in areas linked to…and the drive to eat, particularly when viewing images of high-calorie foods like sugary treats．(加州大学洛杉矶分校健康中心最近的一项研究发现，感到孤独的女性大脑中与……和食欲有关的区域活跃，尤其是在看到含糖食物等高热量食物的图像时。)”可知，研究发现感到孤独的女性大脑中与食欲相关的区域活跃，尤其是看到含糖食物等高热食物的图像时，划线单词与“the drive to eat”为并列关系，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“欲望”意义相近。故选A项。 33.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Arpana Gupta, Ph．D., a researcher and co-director of the UCLA Goodman-LuskinMicrobiome Center, wanted to research the negative impacts of loneliness, especially as people continue to be working remotely after the COVID-19 pandemic, and how the brain interacts with social isolation, eating habits, and mental health.(加州大学洛杉矶分校古德曼-卢斯金微生物组中心的研究员兼联合主任阿帕纳·古普塔博士想研究孤独的负面影响，特别是在COVID-19大流行后人们继续远程工作的情况下，以及大脑如何与社会孤立、饮食习惯和心理健康相互作用。)”可知，该项研究是想研究孤独的负面影响的，并且提出了这项研究是在COVID-19大流行后人们继续远程工作的情况下进行，由此可推断，第二段是介绍了该项研究的背景。故选C项。 34.细节理解题。根据首段中的“A recent study by UCLA Health discovered that women who feel lonely show brain activity in areas linked to cravings and the drive to eat, particularly when viewing images of high-calorie foods like sugary treats.(加州大学洛杉矶分校健康中心最近的一项研究发现，感到孤独的女性大脑中与渴望和食欲有关的区域活跃，尤其是在看到含糖食物等高热量食物的图像时。)”结合倒数第二段中的“The researchers found that the group of women who perceived themselves to be lonely experienced increased activation in regions of the brain associated with greater drive to eat sugary foods, and decreased activation in the brain region associated with self-control toward eating behaviors.(研究人员发现，那些认为自己孤独的女性大脑中与吃含糖食物的欲望相关的区域活跃度增加，而与饮食行为自我控制相关的大脑区域活跃度降低。)”可知，这项研究发现，认为自己孤独的女性大脑中与吃含糖食物的欲望相关的区域活跃度增加，由此可知，孤独会驱使女性吃更多含糖的食物，所以C项讲述的内容与研究发现相匹配。故选C项。 35.主旨大意题。根据首段中的“A recent study by UCLA Health discovered that women who feel lonely show brain activity in areas linked to cravings and the drive to eat, particularly when viewing images of high-calorie foods like sugary treats.(加州大学洛杉矶分校健康中心最近的一项研究发现，感到孤独的女性大脑中与渴望和食欲有关的区域活跃，尤其是在看到含糖食物等高热量食物的图像时。)”结合尾段中的“When people are alone or lonely, it impacts more than how they are feeling; they underreport what they eat, and their desire to eat unhealthy foods.(当人们独自一人或孤独时，它的影响不仅仅是他们的感受；他们低估了自己吃了什么，以及他们对不健康食品的渴望。)”可知，当人们感到孤独时，不仅仅影响到的是他们的感受，还有他们对不健康食品的渴望，综合以上信息可知，本文主要讲述的是一项研究发现人在孤独时，大脑中与渴望和食欲有关的区域活跃，所以题目“喂饱孤独的大脑”与本文的内容一致，且概括了文章的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。 话题一：人与自然 1．（23-24高二下·浙江省湖州市·期末） A report by World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is calling for urgent efforts to strengthen regulation of the seafood sector, fearing that the love for seafood is killing off dozens of species that rely on it for food. Kate Norgrove, Executive Director of Advocacy and Campaigns at WWF-UK, said: “The ocean is the blue heart of our planet and we ignore its health at our peril. Protecting this precious resource should be the top priority of every single fishery around the world.” The report, titled “Risky Seafood Business”, has quantified (确定……的数量) the total volume of seafood eaten by Britons for the first time. It claims that in 2019, 887,000 tonnes of seafood was eaten by people in the UK — the equivalent (等量物) of 5.2 billion portions of fish and chips. Whitefish, including haddock and cod, accounted for almost a third of the fish consumed. The vast majority of this seafood was fished or farmed outside of UK waters. The report looked at the supply chains of 33 popular seafood items, including haddock, trout, and mussels. Some of these species were found to be relatively low risk in terms of production and consumption. However, others — including swordfish, tuna, and some crab species — were assessed as a high risk across multiple areas, including climate and ecosystem impacts. Across all species groups, more than 250 Endangered, Threatened and Protected (ETP) species have been directly impacted by fisheries supplying UK markets, according to the report. This includes whales, dolphins, seabirds, and sharks. Based on the findings, WWF is calling for a “concerted and collaborative effort” to address these issues and to ensure all of the seafood produced and consumed in the UK comes from sustainable sources by 2030. If you’re trying to be more sustainable, the Marine Conservation Society suggests there are several simple seafood swaps (替换物) you can make. This includes having mackerel instead of tuna, and farmed trout instead of salmon. Meanwhile, if you usually enjoy mussels, it may be more sustainable to go for prawns. 32.What can be inferred from what Kate Norgrove said? A．Protecting the ocean is the best choice of every single fishery. B．Ignoring the health of the ocean will endanger our own well-being. C．Protecting those precious resources is of great importance. D．If we ignore our health, it will come at a great cost to our life. 33.According to Paragraph 3 and 4, what do we know about the report? A．Some species were found to be high risk in terms of production and consumption. B．The vast majority of this seafood was fished or farmed in UK waters. C．The total amount of seafood consumed in the UK equals the portions of fish and chips. D．Over 250 species have been directly affected by fisheries supplying UK markets. 34.How are the facts stated in the report? A．By listing figures. B．By explaining reasons. C．By introducing a concept. D．By making predictions. 35.What is the passage mainly about? A．Britain’s love for seafood is threatening many species in the ocean. B．A WWF report calls on Britons to stop killing off species in the ocean. C．WWF is urging immediate action on stronger seafood regulation. D．Protecting the blue heart of our planet is a tough task. 【答案】32.B 33.D 34.A 35.C 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章讲述了炸鱼薯条是深受英国人喜爱的速食。然而世界野生生物基金会的一项研究现实，这一爱好对于海洋鱼类生物有着极大的负面影响。 32.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Kate Norgrove, Executive Director of Advocacy and Campaigns at WWF-UK, said: ‘The ocean is the blue heart of our planet and we ignore its health at our peril．Protecting this precious resource should be the top priority of every single fishery around the world.’ (世界自然基金会英国分会的宣传和运动执行主任凯特·诺格罗夫说:“海洋是我们星球的蓝色心脏，我们忽视了它的健康，我们将面临危险。”保护这一宝贵资源应该成为世界上每一个渔业的首要任务。”)”可知，凯特·诺格罗夫认为忽视海洋的健康，将会使我们人类面临危险。故选B。 33.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Across all species groups, more than 250 Endangered, Threatened and Protected(ETP) species have been directly impacted by fisheries supplying UK markets, according to the report．(报告称，在所有物种群中，超过250种濒危、受威胁和受保护物种直接受到供应英国市场的渔业的影响。)”可知，超过250种鱼类直接受到供应英国市场的渔业的影响。故选D。 34.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“It claims that in 2019, 887,000 tonnes of seafood was eaten by people in the UK—the equivalent (等量物) of 5.2 billion portions of fish and chips．(该公司声称，2019年，英国人吃掉了88.7万吨海鲜，相当于52亿份炸鱼薯条。)”以及第四段“The report looked at the supply chains of 33 popular seafood items, including haddock, trout, and mussels．(该报告调查了33种受欢迎的海鲜产品的供应链，包括黑线鳕、鳟鱼和贻贝。)”可知，通过列数据的方式来阐述事实。故选A。 35.主旨大意题。根据文章“A report by World Wildlife Fund(WWF) is calling for urgent efforts to strengthen regulation of the seafood sector, fearing that the love for seafood is killing off dozens of species that rely on it for food．(世界野生动物基金会的一份报告呼吁紧急加强对海产品行业的监管，担心人们对海产品的热爱正在杀死数十种以海产品为食的物种。)”可知，本文主要讲述的是世界自然基金会敦促立即采取行动，加强海产品监管。故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解说明文（浙江专用） C 话题一：人与自然 1．（23-24高二下·浙江省环大罗山联盟·期末） The Jan.17, 1994, Northridge earthquake caused extensive damage to roadways in Los Angeles, particularly on the 10 Freeway east of Culver City. Two freeway bridges at La Cienega and Washington were knocked out, resulting in significant interruptions to the crucial east-west traffic corridor in central Los Angeles. The Santa Monica Freeway was reopened in less than three months, providing a boost to L.A．’s quake recovery. In recent events, a fire on the 10 Freeway, again closing the roadway, has brought comparison to 1994. The extent of the damage and repair timeline remain uncertain. Mayor Karen Bass emphasized the need for urgent action and a similar effort as the 1994 earthquake repairs. Here is a review of that epic 1994 repair effort from the pages of The Times. Officials knew right away they needed to get the freeway operating as soon as possible. With an average of 341,000 vehicles a day using the roadway, they said, the extra time it took goods to reach their destinations and workers to get to their jobs cost millions in lost production and wages. It was estimated that the closure cost the economy $1 million per day. The closure of the freeway forced commuters to seek alternative routes, causing congestion (拥塞) on already crowded surface streets between Santa Monica and downtown Los Angeles. Detours (绕路) added delays of 20 minutes or more to travel times. Luckily, an accelerated construction effort was launched, involving round-the-clock work. This resulted in earlier-than-expected reopenings. Contractor C．C． Myers Inc. completed the project 74 days ahead of schedule. They received a $200, 000 bonus for each day the work was finished early. However, the cost of the project escalated from the original bid of $14.9 million to nearly $30 million due to the complexity and urgency of the repairs. The repair efforts following the Northridge earthquake were characterized by intense and focused work to restore critical transportation infrastructure (基础设施). These experiences serve as a reference point for the current situation, calling for swift action in repairing the fire-damaged 10 Freeway. 28.Why was the recent fire compared to the 1994 earthquake? A．To indicate the severe damage it had caused. B．To show citizens’ devotion to the repair work. C．To stress the necessity of immediate repair effort. D．To explain the difficulty of repairing the damage. 29.What is paragraphs 4 mainly about? A．The impacts of the freeway closure. B．The economic value of the freeway. C．The operating system of the freeway. D．The cost of the freeway construction. 30.What does the underlined word “escalated” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Transformed. B．Mounted. C．Maintained. D．Restricted. 31.What do we know about the 1994 earthquake repairs? A．The repairs were accomplished in 74 days. B．The repairs were completed under budget. C．The repairs were mainly funded by C．C． Myers Inc.. D．The repairs were complicated and labor-demanding. 2．（23-24高二下·浙江省宁波市慈溪市·期末） From more boiling summers to more frequent floods, warming weather is impacting our lives in every aspect. For animals, however, it’s not just a comfortable living environment in danger, but their very existence. Many animals are in danger of disappearing due to climate change. A study published on March 7 used fossils from sea creatures to find out which animals are facing the highest risk of extinction as our planet’s climate continues to shift. Carried out by the University of Oxford, the study found that the size of an animal plays a big part in its ability to survive and reproduce. Smaller animals are more likely to become extinct because they tend to use up their energy quickly due to their size. They need lots of food to keep going, so any change that makes food scarce affects them more. Furthermore, small animals usually don’t live as long as larger ones, making them more vulnerable to factors that might reduce their numbers. Another problem is that small animals generally can’t travel far. So, if their current home is disturbed, or if they face danger, it’s tough for them to find new homes or escape threats, which speed up their extinction, according to the study. Apart from small animals, those living in extreme heat or cold, such as at the poles, are facing more threats from climate change. These places go through big weather changes, making life even more difficult for species that have already been dealing with tough conditions. As climate change worsens, these extreme environments change rapidly, posing a greater risk for the animals living there. This study presented us with important information on how to protect wildlife as the world gets warmer. By focusing on the most vulnerable species, conservationists can direct their work more effectively, making the most of limited resources and improving the chances of keeping biodiversity alive despite the environmental challenges. 28.What does the underlined word “scarce” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Insufficient. B．Available. C．Unbalanced. D．Abundant. 29.What can be inferred from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3? A．Smaller animals consume their energy at a lower speed. B．The life span of animals is definitely decided by their size. C．The small size of animals potentially limits their travelling distance. D．Animals’ habitats destruction makes them difficult to escape threats. 30.What’s the function of the first sentence in Paragraph 4? A．Introducing the topic. B．Transiting to another point. C．Echoing the content in paragraph 3. D．Summarizing the above paragraphs. 31.Which of the following is a suitable measure to protect wildlife? A．Focusing on keeping biodiversity. B．Carrying out more research work. C．Reducing the usage of limited resources. D．Paying more attention to the most endangered species. 3．（23-24高二下·浙江省台州市·期末） It might seem like a fish needs a car like—well, like a fish needs a bicycle. But a new experiment suggests that fishes actually make pretty good drivers and fishes’ understanding of space and navigation is not limited to their natural environment in the water. In a recent experiment, researchers taught six goldfishes to drive a water tank. They put the fishes into a tank full of water and attach the tank on wheels. Then the water tank, equipped with a camera that continually track the fish’s position and orientation (定位) inside the tank, was put in a room. When the fishes swam toward a direction in the water tank, the tank headed in that direction in the room. In this way, fishes were schooled to drive the tank from the center of a small room toward a pink board on one wall by giving the fish a treat whenever it reached the wall. During their first sessions, the fishes averaged about 2.5 successful trips to the target. During their final sessions, fishes averaged about 17.5 successful trips. By the end of driver’s education, the animals also took faster, more direct routes to their goal. In further experiments, the researchers tried to trick the goldfish by placing boards of different colors on the other walls. The fishes were not fooled, and navigated to the pink board. “That was pretty conclusive that the fish actually navigate,” says study coauthor Ben-Shahar. Recently, the team let a goldfish take a joyride throughout an entire building. He added, “And it actually started to explore. It went down one of the corridors and started to sneak away.” Behavioral neuroscientist Lambert is not completely surprised, but still fascinated by the driving abilities of the goldfish. In her own research, Lambert has taught rats to drive toy cars. But teaching goldfish to navigate takes animal driving experiments to the next level. Lambert says, “I love the fish-out-of-water idea.” When it comes to testing the bounds of animal navigation, “it’s important to diversify and expand our tasks and our species, ” Lambert adds. 28.What does paragraph 2 focus on? A．Where to place the tracking camera. B．Why were goldfishes chosen. C．How many sessions were conducted. D．How to carry out the experiment. 29.The further experiments found the goldfish could find the destination even if __________. A．no boards were placed B．the walls stood far away C．they weren’t given a treat D．there existed distractions 30.According to Lambert, what will be explored in their future study? A．Navigation ability of more species. B．Potential application of water tanks C．Basic strategies of training animals. D．Further explanations of rats' driving. 31.What is the purpose of the text? A．To analyze animal behaviors. B．To introduce a scientific discovery. C．To promote navigation devices. D．To explain a psychological phenomenon. 话题二：人与社会 1．（23-24高二下·浙江省湖州市·期末） The art of writing by hand has a great history. From Emily Dickinson’s elegant cursive, to Stephen King’s neat block lettering, many of the most famous and important works of literature have been written by hand, reports Forbes, even when, as in King’s case, electronic word processing was an option. Now, studies have shown that writing by hand can have enormous benefits in terms of memory, brain development, and even the quality of the writing itself. Some might say that handwriting has become a dying art since the appearance of the typewriter in the mid 1880’s, even more so due to computers. In fact, many schools in the United States no longer require teaching cursive as a part of the core curriculums. However, despite the sense that writing on paper is passe, it actually has a number of important benefits. Writing by hands’ cognitive benefits are numerous and there are many studies that can attest to that. A 2014 study from the Association for Psychological Science shows that taking notes on a laptop as opposed to writing them longhand, leads to shallower processing of the material learned. This is because when using a laptop, students will often type out lectures verbatim (逐字), as opposed to processing information and rewording it in their own language. These benefits actually translate to how you recall the information. In this case writing it by hand instead of typing also helps students do better on exams. A study led by Dr. Virginia Berninger, a professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, suggests that children wrote longer and more complex essays when they were writing by hand, as opposed to using a keyboard. So the next time you sit down to write an email to a loved one, consider the possibility that it might be better for your brain if you wrote a handwritten letter instead. 28.What does the author intended to do in paragraph 1? A．Introduce the new finding of the study. B．Describe the history of the writing art. C．Show the benefits of writing by hand. D．Tell the story of some famous writers. 29.What does the underlined word “passe” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Necessary. B．Out-of-date. C．Essential. D．Fundamental. 30.What can we infer from the findings from the Association for Psychological Science? A．Taking notes on a laptop contributes to deeper processing of the material learned. B．When using a laptop, students will often type out lectures in a whole new light. C．Writing by hand makes people process information in their own language. D．Typing out lectures can help people reword information. 31.How should you express your love to your loved one? A．By typing the e-mail. B．By writing by yourself. C．By writing longer essays. D．By reading a poem. 2（23-24高二下·浙江省金华市·期末） “Big Tree,” an old southern live oak, sits in a park just outside Orlando’s business district. It’s been struck by lightning at least three times and has survived many hurricanes — and it grew from a seed around the same time Juan Ponce de León’s ship first landed on Florida’s eastern coast. Over 400 years old, the tree is so impressive that members of a Michigan-based nonprofit flew to Orlando in February to climb the tree and cut branches and leaves. The researchers are now in the midst of the process to grow new roots from the cuttings. The reason: To clone the historic tree, store its DNA and plant potentially thousands of cloned trees across the Southeast. In order to clone an ancient tree, researchers must climb it to find a piece of live tissue. The freshly cut branches and leaves are taken to the group’s lab in Michigan, where, in climate-controlled rooms, researchers work to promote growth from the cuttings. The most common method is by rooted cuttings. In this method, a tip of a tree’s branch is dipped (蘸) into hormones, placed into a foam plug (泡沫塞) and set inside a mist room. Then, the waiting begins. A sign of life can take several months to a year to show, if one comes at all. In another method called tissue culture, researchers take a quarter-inch of branch, dip it into a mixture made up of a dozen hormones and other chemicals, seal(密封) it in a container and wait to see whether it will grow roots. Experts ‘lauded the group for its creative methods and reproduction in large numbers, but they doubt whether the clones will grow as the originals do. Scott Merkle, a professor of forest biology at the University of Georgia, said, “There are so many variables that there’s no certainty that they will be able to survive and perform better than other trees that you plant on the same land”. He added that the age of historic trees makes them difficult to study. “I think it’s a great thing that they’re doing…I just don’t know how realistic it is.” 28.According to the passage, what do the researchers aim to do? A．To clone an ancient tree from its original. B．To save thousands of trees across the Southeast. C．To analyse the effects of climate on tree growth. D．To study the reason for the survival of “Big Tree”. 29.What do we know about the two methods mentioned in paragraph 4? A．Tissue culture is the most frequently used method. B．There is a chance that the branch will fail to grow roots. C．In the first method the live tissue is sealed in a container. D．A mixture of hormones and other chemicals is needed in both methods. 30.What does the underlined word “lauded” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Joined. B．Charged. C．Praised. D．Contacted. 31.What’s Scott Merkle’s attitude to the group’s work? A．Cautious. B．Critical. C．Approving. D．Unclear. 3．（23-24高二下·浙江省衢州市·期末） Students have submitted more than 22 million papers that may have used generative AI in the past year, new data provided by plagiarism (剽窃) detection company Turnitin shows. A year ago, Turnitin introduced an AI writing detection tool that was trained on its database of papers written by students as well as other AI-generated texts. Turnitin found that 11 percent of the submissions may contain AI-written language in 20 percent of its content, with 3 percent of the total papers reviewed having 80 percent or more AI writing. ChatGPT’s launch was met with fears that the English class essay would die. The chatbot can process information near-instantly — but that doesn’t mean it always gets it right. Generative  AI has been known to create its own facts and cite academic references that don’t actually exist.Generative AI chatbots have also been caught producing discriminatory (歧视性的) text on gender and race. Despite those disadvantages, students have used chatbots for research, and organizing ideas. Traces of chatbots have even been found in published academic writing. Detecting the use of generative AI is tricky. It’s not as easy as marking plagiarism, because generated text is still original text. Plus, there’s a slight difference to how students use generative  AI; some may ask chatbots to write their papers for them in large parts or in full, while others may use the tools as an aid or a brainstorm partner. Detection tools themselves have a risk of discrimination. English language learners may be more likely to set them off; a 2023 study found a 61.3 percent false positive rate when evaluating Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) exams with seven different AI  detectors. “This is hard. I understand why people want a tool,” says Emily Isaacs, executive director of the Office of Faculty Excellence at Montclair State. But Isaacs says the university is concerned about potentially discriminatory results from AI detectors, as well as the fact that the tools can’t provide confirmation the way they can with plagiarism. 28.What did Turnitin find? A．All submitted papers were written by generative AI. B．AI wrote 80% of the content of the papers they had collected. C．AI could only be used to improve language instead of content of papers. D．AI may have created one fifth of the content among 11% of the submitted papers. 29.What can we learn about generative AI? A．It sometimes produces discriminatory content. B．It will surely lead to the death of English class essays. C．It’s getting popular for its accuracy and quick response. D．It has been officially accepted in published academic writing. 30.What do Paragraphs 4-5 mainly focus on? A．The ways to detect plagiarism in paper writing. B．The challenges of using plagiarism detection tools. C．The differences between plagiarism and original writing. D．The advantages of applying AI detectors to fighting plagiarism. 31.How does Emily Isaacs respond to the use of detection tools? A．She supports it. B．She’s against it. C．She doesn’t care. D．She’s cautious. 4（23-24高二下·浙江省宁波市·期末） Fat-shaming comments and weight-loss advice from classmates and relatives have been a constant in my life for years. One vivid memory is from ninth grade when a friend embarrassed my sister in the cinema by calling her “fat”. In university, this pattern continued with my uncle’s frequent questioning about my diet and progress in losing weight. As a former therapist, I guided clients on body image and coping with hurtful comments, advising them to set boundaries with well-meaning but critical relatives. As for myself, I've always had to avoid questions about my body, while recognizing the natural curiosity that arises when we notice our friends’ bodies experiencing noticeable changes. It's human nature to compare ourselves to our peers. With more weight-related ads all over bus shelters, TV and your social media feed, it's hard not to feel the impact. But is commenting on others' weight loss ever appropriate? However well-intentioned, remarks about weight loss can be quite hurtful, says clinical psychologist Elizabeth Fedrick. Even if curiosity gets the better of you, it’s not necessary or acceptable to mention a friend’s weight gain or loss. “We often think we’re being supportive, but in reality, saying ‘You lost weight — you look great’ actually implies that they didn’t before, or that they need to be a certain weight to look great,” says Fedrick. Such remarks can be uncomfortable and fatphobic. Fatphobia extends beyond harmful comments; it’s also present in subtle clothing suggestions and judgments over dessert. This prejudice links our sense of self-worth closely to thinness, falsely associating it with health. To address this issue, we must value all bodies, reject food-shaming, and promote body positivity by accepting ourselves at any weight or size. “Praise for appearance changes isn’t always welcome,” says Fedrick, “Instead, showing understanding and asking open questions”. She cautions against assuming weight loss equals good health, as it can sometimes indicate health issues or disordered eating. Fedrick says focusing on a person’s character or appearance isn’t effective support; rather, caring about their well-being as a whole person is key. 28.Why does the writer mention his uncle in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce his uncle to readers. B．To share his vivid memory about his uncle. C．To show his relatives’ concern for his weight. D．To make a comparison between classmates and relatives. 29.Which of the following is an example of Fatphobia? A．You are pretty just to be yourself. B．You look great in whatever clothes. C．I think you’d better not order that cake. D．I’m glad you’re making health a priority. 30.What does Fedrick think people should focus on according to the last paragraph? A．A person’s diet. B．A person’s well-being. C．A person’s characters. D．A person’s weight loss. 31.What is mainly discussed in the passage? A．The challenges of weight loss. B．The importance of body positivity. C．The impact of media on body image. D．The harm of weight-related comments. 5．（23-24高二下·浙江省宁波九校·期末） From the very first cellphone developed by US company Motorola in 1973 which could only make phone calls for 30 minutes at most to today’s 5G smartphones, the shape of the mobile phone has been constantly changing and its features have become more and more diverse. While current foldable phones are limited to folding the screen up and down or left and right, AI tools predict that in the future, phones will become completely flexible, according to the website mobiles.co.uk. Motorola revealed a flexible phone with an adaptive display that can be worn like a bracelet and bent into multiple shapes in October 2023. Apple is also working on a way to make foldable screens with fewer creases. The phones of the future may also be “self-healing” — who hasn’t experienced that awful moment when you drop your phone and the screen cracks? So an “unbreakable” phone would really come in handy. In 2023, Zhenan Bao at Stanford University, US, developed a synthetic (合成的) skin that can heal itself using heat and magnets. This artificial skin can stretch like human skin without tearing. This new type of thin film can rearrange itself automatically as it heals. The way phones are powered will also see a shift, such as by using solar energy. Many innovative technologies and devices have come out of this field. In 2016, Kyocera Corporation from Japan and French company SunPartner launched a solar-powered phone, using solar panels built into the screen to collect solar energy. It took about three minutes of sunlight to charge the phone for one minute of talk time. Due to the longer relative charging time when using solar power, the phone still needed traditional batteries to be practical. However, as the tech develops and solar panels can charge things more efficiently, we may see a rise in using solar energy to charge smartphones. 28.Which feature of future mobile phones is NOT mentioned in the text? A．Safety. B．Flexibility. C．Endurance. D．Sustainability. 29.What makes it possible for the future phone to heal itself? A．A special animal skin. B．An artificial light. C．A synthesized magnet. D．An innovative material. 30.Why are Japan and French companies mentioned in Paragraph 6? A．To prove that built-in solar panels in future cellphones is no longer a fantasy. B．To argue that the way cellphones are charged in the future is constantly changing. C．To illustrate that numerous technologies and products of innovation have emerged. D．To indicate that Japan and France lead the way in developing solar-powered phones. 31.What’s the author’s attitude towards solar-powered cellphones in the future? A．Reserved. B．Optimistic. C．Concerned. D．Indifferent. 6．（23-24高二下·浙江省舟山市·期末） A smiley face is not always just a smiley face. Behind the yellow, wide-eyed emoji’s smile is an intergenerational minefield. For many teenagers and 20-somethings, a smiley face popping up in a text or email is seen as something different. HafeezatBishi, 21, started an internship (实习) at a Brooklyn digital media firm. She was surprised to be greeted by her co-workers with a bright smiley face. For Bishi, the welcome seemed dismissive and she sees the emoji as conveying a kind of side-eye smile. The rise of the use of emojis at work, especially between remote teams during the pandemic, has created more misunderstandings than ever. People over 30 tend to use emojis to express what the images always did, but younger digital natives may use them to convey ironic meanings, or use them as shorthand for an entirely different thought. For instance, the skull and crossbones means death or danger to many adults, while many younger people say that to them it signifies laughing extremely hard-as in “I’m laughing so hard that I’m dying.” Charlie Nelson Keever, a 31-year-old lawyer in the San Francisco Bay Area, spends a lot of time analyzing social media accounts to piece together legal cases. It was while researching narratives and timelines on a case that it dawned on her that young people don’t use smiley faces to mean they are smiling. She quizzed a Gen Z friend and was confused by the undertones which some emojis carry for that generation. On its face, the cowboy, a grinning emoji wearing a hat, can signify a special brand of quirky, giggly happiness. But for many in Gen Z, it means the sender is putting on a front, smiling on the outside while dying on the inside. Keever feels she should have her finger on the pulse of how people communicate on the Internet. “There’s nothing that makes you feel older than googling what an emoji means, ”she said. 28.How did Bishi understand the smiley face from her co-workers? A．An insincere greeting. B．A dynamic greeting. C．An indifferent greeting. D．A genuine greeting. 29.What do we learn from paragraph 3? A．Young people use skull and crossbones to convey death to adults. B．The pandemic has largely brought about the increasing use of emojis. C．Emojis are often used to express ironic thoughts by older people. D．Misunderstandings of emojis may occur due to the intergenerational gap. 30.What does the underlined word “undertone” in paragraph 5 mean? A．answer B．implication C．image D．signal 31.Why does Keever want to have her finger on the pulse of how people communicate? A．To catch up with the latest fashion pulse. B．To line up with what people chat online. C．To put up with feeling old when googling emojis. D．To keep up with the way digital natives communicate. 话题三：人与自我 1．（23-24高二下·浙江省嘉兴市·期末） Humans have been living together since... forever. But it’s only recently that the term co-living has started to appear everywhere. Co-living is a real estate (房地产) term that has been recently popularized by the rise of housing startups offering affordable housing in homes occupied by five or more adult roommates. These co-living spaces take many forms, including everything from single family homes repurposed to house non-related families, to floors in a high-rise building that have been transformed into dormitory-style accommodations. According to the U. S. Census, the number of young people aged 18-34 living alone decreased by 10.3% from 2005 to 2015. Factors such as the 2008 housing crisis and student loan debt have made it more difficult for young people to afford their own apartments. This trend is not unique to America. In Hong Kong, where the average living space per person is 160 square feet and 76% of adults aged 18-35 live at home with their parents, co-living is a popular alternative to living at home—and one that allows them to save money to buy their own home in one of the most expensive rental markets in the world. In London, competitive real estate markets make living alone financially unattainable for many. Co-living spaces offer a safe, flexible shared housing option for single people living in. urban areas. They bring together like-minded people. Whether you’re moving to a new city, or busy with work, making friends as an adult can be hard. According to a 2019 survey, about 30% of Millennials “often” or “always” feel lonely. Co-living attempts to solve that problem by offering a built-in community of people who are open to sharing meals, hosting movie nights, and talking about each other’s days. With private bedrooms and shared living spaces, co-living homes allow you to socialize when you want to, and be alone when you don’t. 28.What does the term “co-living” generally refer to? A．Owning a single-family home. B．Living in a family-style building. C．Occupying a room in an apartment. D．Sharing a living space with several others. 29.Why are Hong Kong and London mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To introduce a new trend in living. B．To explain why co-living is so popular. C．To stress how important co-living is. D．To compare two different living styles. 30.We can learn from the last paragraph that co-living can help people ________. A．build a sense of belonging B．enjoy financial freedom C．keep a good work-life balance D．develop problem-solving skills 31.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Shared Spaces: Benefit of Co-living B．Co-living: a Housing Type on the Rise C．Co-living: a Must for Young Adults D．Housing Reform: Co-living as a Solution D 话题一：人与社会 1．（23-24高二下·浙江省环大罗山联盟·期末） If you want to keep your kids from drinking, start by looking at your own consumption. That’s because adolescents whose parents drank regularly or binge drank were four times more likely to drink themselves, according to a newly-published study. Binge drinking is defined as at least four drinks for women and five drinks for men on one occasion. Dr. Marissa Esser, senior study author, stresses that binge drinking not only harms the drinker but increases the likelihood of their teens engaging in alcohol consumption. It isn’t surprising to see a connection between parent and teen drinking. The reason could be tied to multiple things like modeling, alcohol accessibility in the home or a parent’s permissiveness around drinking, said Dr. Scott Hadland, chief of adolescent and young adult medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital. However, Dr. Dick, director of the Rutgers Addiction Research Center, suggests a strong genetic component may also play a role. “About 50% of the differences between how much kids drink — especially as they move through adolescence into young adulthood — is due to differences in their genes,” Dick said. Teenagers’ alcohol consumption is a cause for concern due to potential health and brain development consequences. Dr. Dick highlights that the age at a person begins drinking is closely linked to their risk of developing addiction. Data cited by Dr. Dick indicates that over 45% of individuals who start drinking at age 13 or younger experience alcohol-related issues, while less than 10% of those who delay drinking until age 21 develop an alcohol use disorder. Reducing parental alcohol consumption can be challenging, even for those without alcohol problems. “Maybe it’s difficult because you have a habit of settling down after a long day with a glass of wine or because it feels strange to be at a party with friends and not have a cocktail in hand,” said journalist Rosamund Dean. However, if you’ re looking to reduce your drinking, there’re effective ways to do it, she said. 32.Which of the following is Dr．Dick’s point of view? A．Alcohol intake variation are genetically influenced B．Early alcohol initiation reduces future alcohol risks. C．Alcohol addiction is a severe problem among teens. D．Delaying drinking helps teens avoid alcohol addiction. 33.How does Dr．Dick illustrate his point of view? A．By offering examples. B．By giving a definition. C．By presenting statistics. D．By quoting experts’ words. 34.What might be talked about in the following-up paragraph? A．Why teens should reduce drinking. B．How parents can cut down on alcohol. C．What kinds of teens may have alcohol issues. D．What influences teens’ alcohol consumption. 35.What can be the best title for the text? A．Alcohol and Teenagers: A Concern of Parents B．Alcohol Use Disorder: An Issue Among Teenagers C．Parents’ Alcohol Consumption: A Harmless Pastime D．Parental Impact on Teen Drinking: A Reminder for Families 2．（23-24高二下·浙江省金华市·期末） Free-riding means people can benefit from a service without paying anything. It also arises if people can get benefit without making equal contributions. So a free rider always enjoys the benefits of a resource or service while letting someone else do the work or do more work. There are several effects of the free rider problem. The first is the Tragedy (悲剧) of the Commons, a situation in which individuals with access to a public resource act in their own interest and, in doing so, finally use up the resource. For example, imagine that a group of people share a piece of land where they all graze (让……吃草) their cattle. If each person just tries to maximize their own short-term gain, they will let their cattle graze as much as possible. However, if everyone does this, the land will quickly become overgrazed and will not be able to support any cattle. Another effect is that the free rider problem can lead to a situation in which people do not have access to important goods and services. This is because providers may not be able to get back the costs of providing the goods or services if too many people free ride. Imagine that a city decides to build a new hospital through donations. If too many people rely on others to donate, rather than donate themselves, then the hospital may not be built at all. This means that people who need medical care in the area may not have access to it. There are several solutions to the free rider problem. Government addresses the problem by collecting tax dollars to support public services. Theoretically, taxes are related to income, so fair cost-sharing can be achieved. Communities can turn their public resource into a private or club resource, charging fees to make sure everyone who uses it contributes to it. This will limit overuse and, over time, may even lead to altruistic (利他的) behavior. That is, many people may like the idea of making a small contribution to a resource that they use. 32.Which of the following may best show the nature of free-riding? A．Less is more. B．Many hands make light work. C．Let George do it. D．Jack of all trades and master of none. 33.What is one of the effects produced by the free rider problem? A．People tend to maximize their long-term gain. B．A group of people have to share goods and services. C．Individuals overuse a shared resource for personal gain. D．The costs of providing the goods and services are rising. 34.How is paragraph 3 mainly developed? A．By referring to a study. B．By giving an example. C．By making a comparison. D．By explaining a definition. 35.What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To draw people’s attention to public services. B．To stress the importance of making donations. C．To inform the readers of the free rider problem. D．To call on the government to solve the free rider problem. 3．（23-24高二下·浙江省台州市·期末） Climate models can give us a preview of how humanity’s actions — or inaction — will change our planet over the coming decades and centuries. But because the planet is such a complex system, they aren’t perfect climate models have uncertainties that grow larger as they go farther into the future. Scientists and engineers from across the country are teaming up to build a new type of climate model that is designed to provide more precise and actionable predictions. Current climate modeling relies on dividing up the globe into a grid (格子) and then computing what is going on in each sector of the grid, as well a show the sectors interact with each other. Limitations in available computer processing power mean that those sectors generally cannot be any smaller than tens of kilometers per side. But for climate modeling, the devil is in the details — details that get missed in a too-large grid. “For cities planning their stormwater management facilities to resist the next 100 years’ worth of floods, this is a serious issue. Concrete answers about the likely range of climate outcomes are key for planning.” says Tapio Schneider, senior research scientist at CliMA． Weighing recent advances in the computational and data sciences, the team plans to step incandesce of the partners brings a different strength and research expertise to the project. “Our goal is a new model that projects future changes in critical variables such as cloud cover, sea ice extent, and rainfall more accurately—with uncertainties at least half the size of those in existing models.” said Dr. Andrew, the team leader. One doubter about the application of climate models is Raffaele Ferrari, a Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Oceanography at MIT. “Using a model, we become puppeteers, masters of a giant system that is, in truth, beyond human control. We can cool or heat the planet at will, add salt or ice or rain or dust in any amount we want,” Dr. Ferrari says. “We have no backup planet. How climate models are used remains to be seen.” 32.Why are climate models built? A．To collect scientific data. B．To monitor human actions. C．To deliver useful forecasts. D．To maintain social systems. 33.What is the problem of current climate modeling? A．Shortage of facilities. B．Reliance on computers. C．Inability to get smaller grids. D．Limitation in simplifying details. 34.What does the team aim to do? A．Investigate serious issues. B．Guarantee the safety of the city. C．Change the future climate. D．Improve the accuracy of the models. 35.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Climate models enjoys great popularity. B．Scientists have created a new climate model. C．Doubts about climate models are disappearing. D．Caution is advised in the use of climate models. 4．（23-24高二下·浙江省宁波市·期末） According to the Global Maritime Wrecks Database, the ocean's bottom hosts over 250,000shipwrecks (沉船) , from 2,200BCE to today, but UNESCO believes there could be as many as three million, largely undiscovered. Wrecks offer historical insights, relics, metals for reuse, and potential treasures. The Colombian government is working out the best way to raise the San Jose, an 18th-centurySpanish sailboat that sank within the country's waters, having invested $3.5 million in conservation. But some scientists believe that shipwrecks are just as valuable when left at the bottom of the sea. A shipwreck contains history and becomes part of the ocean, influenced by nature. It's like a museum piece interacting with its surroundings. Shipwrecks help us see how oceans and coasts change. In the Mississippi delta, they track dangerous mudslides affecting oil facilities and pipelines. A sunken tanker near Louisiana moved 11km over 80 years due to mud. Shipwrecks also show how sea life might live around new underwater structures. They create homes for sea animals, with some having more diversity than natural reefs. Meyer-Kaiser says any man-made object in water becomes a habitat, though some might not be as good for sea creatures. Ocean currents, warming waters, and invasive species can be risks to shipwrecks. To prevent unauthorized exploration, the locations of more than 200 shipwrecks have largely been kept secret. Meyer-Kaiser says she had to sign a non-disclosure agreement (保密协议) to study them. However, Meyer-Kaiser's research suggests that another activity could be causing much more damage: commercial fishing. In response, a pilot project called the Shipwreck Avoidance Program was launched, showing promising results. 32.What do some scientists probably agree with according to Paragraph 2? A．Underwater shipwrecks should also be valued. B．The San Jose sailboat is worth the investment. C．Shipwrecks are more valuable than potential treasures. D．The Colombian government thinks little of shipwrecks. 33.What does Paragraph 3 focus on? A．The history of shipwrecks. B．The interaction with nature. C．The habitat for sea creatures. D．The significance of shipwrecks. 34.What has been done to protect shipwrecks? A．Removing invasive creatures. B．Stopping exploring shipwrecks. C．Agreeing to prevent further damage. D．Conducting the Shipwreck Avoidance Program. 35.What might be the best title for the passage? A．Diversity of Shipwrecks B．Ocean's Hidden Museums C．Undiscovered Shipwrecks D．Insight into Wrecks Research 5（23-24高二下·浙江省宁波九校·期末） Some girls tend to feel frustrated if they have a pear-shaped body, with hips that are wider than the bust (胸部) and shoulders. While pear-shaped people’s waists are typically smaller, they may have more fat on their hips and legs. As a result, many pear-shaped girls try to hide their hips and legs under large dresses and pants. However, a recent study suggested that pear-shaped people are the ones who won the genetic lottery! A study published in September by the US National Library of Medicine found that the waist-to-hip ratio(WHR) shows the strongest and most consistent association with mortality. Traditionally, the body mass index (BMI) has been considered the best indicator of health. However, this study challenges this belief. It surveyed nearly 40,000 people and found that, regardless of BMI, WHR is positively correlated with all-cause mortality(all of the deaths that occur in a population no matter the cause). The larger the WHR, the higher the all-cause mortality rate will be. Instead of focusing on how much fat a person has, scientists involved in this study suggest people should focus more on how fat is distributed in a person’s body. WHR, as its name suggests, compares your waist measurement to your hip measurement. A larger waistline means more central fat, which could indicate more visceral fat (内脏脂肪), also known as toxic fat. Harvard Medical School states that more visceral fat increases the risk of illnesses including diabetes, heart diseases and asthma. That’s why people with a pear-shaped body tend to be healthier than others. According to the World Health Organization(WHO), a healthy WHR is less than 0.85 for women and less than 0.9 for men. It is impossible to specifically target waist fat when people try to lose weight. But losing overall fat will make the waist smaller. Researchers from Johns Hopkins University suggested we eat less carbohydrates and more food higher in fiber and protein. Moreover, doing strength training helps build more muscle, which makes you burn more calories even when you’re resting. 32.Why do pear-shaped girls prefer baggy trousers? A．To show off their long legs. B．To hide their broad shoulders. C．To showcase their slim waists. D．To cover their wide hips and thick legs. 33.What does the recent study find that goes against the conventional belief? A．Pear-shaped people are much healthier. B．WHR consistently correlates with death rate. C．Pear-shaped people are lucky to win lotteries. D．A smaller BMI indicates healthier physical condition. 34.What does the author primarily intend to do in Paragraph 4? A．To announce the standard WHR set by World Health Organization. B．To explain why pear-shaped body are likely to be healthier than others. C．To introduce what WHR refers to and how to measure our waistlines. D．To reveal the huge risks of various illnesses visceral fat can bring about. 35.What’s the text mainly about? A．A practical tip for losing waist fat. B．A healthy WHR recommended by WHO. C．A surprise bonus won by pear-shaped bodies. D．A typical bodyshape bringing good to health. 6．（23-24高二下·浙江省舟山市·期末） It’s in the dirt on the ground, the debris (碎片) on your roof, and the dust that tickles your nose — tiny pieces of “cosmic dust”, everywhere. These microscopic particles from outer space are micrometeorites (微陨石) — mostly the debris from comets and asteroids (小行星) — and they have settled all over our planet. Once the particles settle to the ground, they can be found anywhere; they could be sitting on your clothes right now. But despite their widespread presence, finding cosmic dust isn’t easy. One place that the particles show up more easily is Antarctica. Around a decade ago, Mattew Genge at Imperial College London spent seven weeks searching for and collecting dust there. The downside to collecting dust from Antarctica is the cost and complications of travelling there. That’s why Penny Wozniakiewicz of the University of Kent in the UK has focused her research closer to home. The key is to collect materials from a fairly undisturbed spot. For instance, she samples on the rooftops of old cathedrals in the UK. She focuses on these roofs because they are old and more untouched than modern buildings. What’s more, historic buildings like cathedrals usually have well-kept records that indicate when maintenance and cleaning have been done. That makes it easier to determine how long cosmic dust has been collecting and gives researchers insight into what other particles might be present in the dust they collect. This allows them to more efficiently remove the Earth stuff, and focus on the space stuff. Each year, approximately 100 billion particles of space dust land on Earth, carrying secrets from asteroids and offering glimpses into the formation of galaxies. These micrometeorites not only contain water but also organic molecules (分子); they potentially serve as the building blocks for life on Earth. Cosmic dust could, therefore, tell scientists about the intricate (错综复杂的) relationship between these celestial bodies and Earth. It acts as a bridge, connecting us to the wider universe. 32.Which of the following statements is true about cosmic dust? A．The dust is very easy to collect because it is widespread. B．Mattew Genge failed to collect the dust around ten years ago. C．All tiny pieces of cosmic dust are not from comets and asteroids. D．Antarctica is the only place where the dust shows up more easily. 33.Penny chose to research on the roofs of old cathedrals for the reasons EXCEPT __________. A．they often have well-preserved records of maintenance and cleaning B．they are more efficient for researchers to make the Earth stuff removed C．they are more ancient and undisturbed than buildings built in modern times D．they are less expensive and complicated to approach than travelling to Antarctica 34.What does paragraph 5 imply? A．Micrometeorites are the building blocks for life on earth. B．About 100 billion particles of cosmic dust are collected every year. C．Cosmic dust is a bridge which connects us to the wider universe. D．Scientists can know more about the outer space through cosmic dust. 35.What is the best title for the passage? A．The Cosmic Dust: Sitting on Your Roof B．Antarctica: The Home to Cosmic Dust C．Old Cathedrals: Undisturbed Spot for Cosmic Dust D．Micrometeorites: Particles from Outer Space 话题二：人与自我 1．（23-24高二下·浙江省宁波市慈溪市·期末） When it comes to heart attacks, the first image that often comes to mind is that of a middle-aged or older overweight man, clutching his chest and struggling with a pained expression. You’re far less likely to think of a female heart attack victim. According to Forbes, medical research has traditionally been led by men, which unavoidably leads to a lack of female-related data and information in medical research. From diagnosis to treatment, gender differences are often overlooked. A previous study found that women are 25 percent more likely to die of heart attacks than men in the same circumstances. The reason lies in the difference in heart attack symptoms between men and women. According to the Mayo Clinic, one of the top-ranking hospitals in the US, women are less likely to have chest pains, which are deemed as a typical symptom of heart attacks. Instead, they have more atypical symptoms, including shoulder pain and arm pain. As a result, many women were initially given a mistaken diagnosis, delaying access to the right treatment and increasing the fatality rate. Even if a female is correctly and promptly diagnosed with a heart attack, there’s another problem: medicine. Research has found that certain medicines used to dissolve blood clots (凝块) right after a heart attack can be helpful for a lot of men, but might lead to serious bleeding issues in women. Still, the fields of healthcare and medicine see a male’s body as the “standard” human body. For example, Valium (安定) has been promoted as the “mother’s little helper” for treating anxiety among women. However, a study noted that the medicine developer had never conducted a single trial involving women until 2003. Take a look at the medicine you have taken recently: There’s always one recommended dosage for adults. But who is this dosage meant for? An adult in general, or specifically an adult man? 32.Which is the reason for a lack of female-related data and information in medical research? A．Gender differences are always ignored. B．Men play a main part in the medical research. C．The medical field is totally dominated by men. D．There is a shortage of women’s diagnosis and treatment. 33.Why are women at a higher risk of dying of a heart attack than men? A．Women are less willing to seek medical help. B．Women often display less obvious symptoms. C．Women are more easily given a wrong diagnosis. D．Women’s symptoms are often more severe than men’s. 34.Why does the author mention Valium in Paragraph 4? A．To demonstrate gender-based healthcare inequalities. B．To call for correct use of medicine on different people. C．To describe the historical use of Valium by both genders. D．To show Valium’s effectiveness in treating women’s anxiety. 35.What is the passage mainly about? A．Differences in heart attack treatments. B．The importance of female data in medicine. C．The gender gap in healthcare and medicine. D．Misconceptions about female data in research. 2．（23-24高二下·浙江省嘉兴市·期末） Handwriting in class seems outdated as digital technology has widely taken over learning. But a steady stream of research suggests that taking notes with pen and paper is still the best way to learn, especially for young children. A study published in Frontiers in Psychology monitored brain activity in students taking notes and discovered that those writing by hand exhibited higher levels of electrical activity across many interconnected brain regions. The new findings suggest that while people type notes quickly without much thought, handwriting is slower and encourages active engagement with the material. This process helps students stay attentive and grasp new concepts more effectively. To understand brain-activity differences during the two note-taking approaches, researchers fixed 256 electrodes (电极) into a hairnet to record the brain activity of 36 students as they wrote or typed words displayed on a screen. When students wrote by hand, the sensors detected widespread brain connectivity across visual regions, sensory processing areas, and the motor cortex (皮层) which is responsible for body movement and sensory-motor integration and helps the brain use environmental inputs to inform a person’s next action. Typing, however, showed minimal activity in these regions. Sophia Vinci-Booher, a neuroscientist at Vanderbilt University, says that the recent study highlights the tie between motor action and conceptual recognition: “When writing a word, you’re using your motor system to create it. That creation is then fed back into the visual system and processed again, strengthening the action-word link.” Yadurshana Sivashankar, a psychologist at the University of Waterloo, notes that people are increasingly “off-loading” cognitive (认知的) tasks onto digital devices, such as by taking a photograph instead of committing information to memory. “If we’re not actively using these areas, then they are going to deteriorate over time, whether it’s memory or motor skills.” Ultimately, Vinci-Booher says, “I think there’s a very strong case for engaging children in handwriting activities, especially when they’re first learning about letters. There’s something about involving the fine-motor system and production activities that really impacts learning.” 32.What is an advantage of taking notes by hand? A．It gets students more active in their life. B．It improves students’ skills of body control. C．It enables students to stay serious and cautious. D．It enhances students’ conceptual understanding. 33.What aspects of the study does paragraph 3 focus on? A．The method and findings. B．The analysis and suggestions. C．The background and subjects. D．The theoretical basis and applications. 34.What does the underlined word “deteriorate” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Develop. B．Expand. C．Decline. D．Disappear. 35.Which of the following may Sophia Vinci-Booher agree with? A．Children should learn to write letters early. B．The motor system is related to learning outcomes. C．Handwriting activities are essential for children’s health. D．The action-word tie depends mostly on the visual system. 3．（23-24高二下·浙江省衢州市·期末） A recent study by UCLA Health discovered that women who feel lonely show brain activity in areas linked to cravings and the drive to eat, particularly when viewing images of high-calorie foods like sugary treats. These women also displayed unhealthy eating habits and suffered from poor mental health. Arpana Gupta, Ph. D．, a researcher and co-director of the UCLA Goodman-LuskinMicrobiome Center, wanted to research the negative impacts of loneliness, especially as people continue to be working remotely after the COVID-19 pandemic, and how the brain interacts with social isolation, eating habits, and mental health. While it is established that obesity is linked to depression and anxiety and that overeating is understood to be a coping mechanism (机制) against loneliness, Gupta wanted to observe the brain pathways associated with these feelings and behaviors. The researchers surveyed 93 women about their support system and their feelings of loneliness and isolation, then separated them into two groups: those who scored high on the perceived social loneliness scale, and those who scored low. The researchers found that women who had higher levels of social loneliness tended to have higher fat mass, lower diet quality, reward-based eating, and uncontrolled eating, and increased levels of anxiety and depression. The women were then shown pictures of food versus non-food, sweet food versus non-food, and savory food versus non-food. MRI scans recorded the participants’ brain activity while they viewed these images. The researchers found that the group of women who perceived themselves to be lonely experienced increased activation in regions of the brain associated with greater drive to eat sugary foods, and decreased activation in the brain region associated with self-control toward eating behaviors. “These findings are interesting because it provides evidence for what we intuitively (直觉地) know,” Gupta said. “When people are alone or lonely, it impacts more than how they are feeling; they underreport what they eat, and their desire to eat unhealthy foods.” 32.Which word is closest in meaning to “craving”  in Paragraph 1? A．Desire. B．Willingness. C．Discipline. D．Ambition. 33.What’s the function of Paragraph 2? A．Providing earlier research results. B．Explaining the research methods. C．Introducing the research background. D．Telling the significance of the research. 34.Which of the following statements matches the findings of this research? A．The lonelier women feel, the less they eat. B．Obesity is linked to depression and anxiety. C．Loneliness can drive women to eat more sugary food. D．Lonely women often lie about their mental problems. 35.What is the best title for the text? A．Eating the Way to Happiness B．Feeding the “Lonely Brain” C．Loneliness Leads to Obesity D．Food Sweetens Sad Souls 话题一：人与自然 1．（23-24高二下·浙江省湖州市·期末） A report by World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is calling for urgent efforts to strengthen regulation of the seafood sector, fearing that the love for seafood is killing off dozens of species that rely on it for food. Kate Norgrove, Executive Director of Advocacy and Campaigns at WWF-UK, said: “The ocean is the blue heart of our planet and we ignore its health at our peril. Protecting this precious resource should be the top priority of every single fishery around the world.” The report, titled “Risky Seafood Business”, has quantified (确定……的数量) the total volume of seafood eaten by Britons for the first time. It claims that in 2019, 887,000 tonnes of seafood was eaten by people in the UK — the equivalent (等量物) of 5.2 billion portions of fish and chips. Whitefish, including haddock and cod, accounted for almost a third of the fish consumed. The vast majority of this seafood was fished or farmed outside of UK waters. The report looked at the supply chains of 33 popular seafood items, including haddock, trout, and mussels. Some of these species were found to be relatively low risk in terms of production and consumption. However, others — including swordfish, tuna, and some crab species — were assessed as a high risk across multiple areas, including climate and ecosystem impacts. Across all species groups, more than 250 Endangered, Threatened and Protected (ETP) species have been directly impacted by fisheries supplying UK markets, according to the report. This includes whales, dolphins, seabirds, and sharks. Based on the findings, WWF is calling for a “concerted and collaborative effort” to address these issues and to ensure all of the seafood produced and consumed in the UK comes from sustainable sources by 2030. If you’re trying to be more sustainable, the Marine Conservation Society suggests there are several simple seafood swaps (替换物) you can make. This includes having mackerel instead of tuna, and farmed trout instead of salmon. Meanwhile, if you usually enjoy mussels, it may be more sustainable to go for prawns. 32.What can be inferred from what Kate Norgrove said? A．Protecting the ocean is the best choice of every single fishery. B．Ignoring the health of the ocean will endanger our own well-being. C．Protecting those precious resources is of great importance. D．If we ignore our health, it will come at a great cost to our life. 33.According to Paragraph 3 and 4, what do we know about the report? A．Some species were found to be high risk in terms of production and consumption. B．The vast majority of this seafood was fished or farmed in UK waters. C．The total amount of seafood consumed in the UK equals the portions of fish and chips. D．Over 250 species have been directly affected by fisheries supplying UK markets. 34.How are the facts stated in the report? A．By listing figures. B．By explaining reasons. C．By introducing a concept. D．By making predictions. 35.What is the passage mainly about? A．Britain’s love for seafood is threatening many species in the ocean. B．A WWF report calls on Britons to stop killing off species in the ocean. C．WWF is urging immediate action on stronger seafood regulation. D．Protecting the blue heart of our planet is a tough task. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$