2025届高考英语二轮复习独立主格导学案

高中英语语法知识 独立主格 讲解与练习 独立主格 · 什么是独立主格结构? 非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该和句子主语保持一致。但是有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中做状语，我们称之为独立主格。在英语中，常常把复杂的句子简单化 1. Because he was cheated by Mary, Bob decided not to believe her again. 非谓语的简化： 主句和从句主语是同一个，从句的主语可省略； 从句的主语he和cheat之间是被动关系，所以要用过去分词表被动 简化:Cheated by Mary , Bob decided not to believe her again. 2.Because Mary cheated him, Bob decided not to believe her again. 独立主格的简化： 主句和从句的主语不非同一个，从句的主语不可以省略； 从句的主语Mary和cheat之间是主动关系，所以要用现在分词表主动； 简化: Mar cheating him, Bob decided not to believe her again. 说明：Tom是独立于主句之外的主语，所以称为独立主格。独立主格: Tom；独立主格结构: 主语1+谓语，主语2+非谓语 · 独立主格与非谓语的区别 思考：判断下列句子是独立主格还是非谓语？ 1. The weather being fine,we went for a trip. 2. His homework finished, Tom invited his friend to play badminton. 3. Followed by a cat,Tom went into the room. 4. Seen from the top of the city, it looks extremely beautiful. 5. The meeting being over,we all went home. 小结： · ：主句主语与从句主语不同且从句的主语不能省略 · ：主句主语与从句主语相同且从句的主语省略 · 独立主格结构的基本组成? 独立主格的结构为：(with)主语+V+ing/v+ed/ to do sth/ adj/ 介词结构/ 副词 Eg:①如果天气允许，我们明天可以做一些户外活动。 lf weather permits. we can do some outdoor activities next week. Weather permitting, we can do some outdoor activities next week. ①If是连接词，去掉 ②从句的主语是 weather; 主句的主语是we, 所以weather要保留 ③weather 和permit是主谓关系, 且是主动的, 要用permitting形式 仿写：As the girl stared at him, he didn’t know what to say. _______________________________________________________ Eg: ②她的眼镜坏了，她不能看清黑板。 Because her glasses were broken, she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. Her glasses broken，she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. ①Beacuse是连接词, 去掉 ②从句的主语是her glasses; 主句的主语是she, 所以her glasses要保留 ③her glasses和broke 是主谓关系, 且是被动的, 要用broken 仿写：As the problems were solved, the quality has been improved. _______________________________________________________ Eg:③当飞机要离开时，她感到很紧张。 When the plane was leaving,she felt nervous. (With) the plane to leave, she felt nervous. ①When是连接词去掉 ②从句的主语是 the plane; 主句的主语是she, 所以 the plane 要保留 ③从句表示将要发生的事情，用to do 仿写：He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. _______________________________________________________ Eg: ④工作已经完成了，我们都要去旅行了。 Work has been finished and we are all going to have rest. Work having been finished , we are all going to have a rest. ① and是并列连词, 去掉 ②句A 的主语是Work; 句B的主语是we, 所以Work要保留 ③句A是完成时的被动语态, has been finished改成having been finished 仿写：The story has peend passed down for many years, some children also know that. _______________________________________________________ Eg: ⑤如果她有麻烦，我会帮助她的。 If she is in trouble,I will help her. She being in trouble,I will help her. ①If是连接词，去掉 ②从句的主语是she； 主句的主语是I，所以she要保留 ③从句是be+介词短语, is改成being 仿写：Because many animals are in danger, we should help them. _______________________________________________________ Eg: ⑥男孩去了教室，手里拿着书 The boy goes to the classroom, with a book in his hand. = The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. with结构可把冠词代词一同省去。 仿写：Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. _______________________________________________________ 7). There being +名词（代词），being不可省。如： There being nothing else to do, we went home. 仿写：There is no further business, so I declare the meeting closed. _______________________________________________________ 8). It being +名词（代词），being不可省。如： It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 仿写： It is a holiday, so all the shops were shut. _______________________________________________________ · 小结：独立主格改变步骤 步骤一：去掉状语从句 (或并列句)连词 步骤二：保留从句主语(主句和从句主语不一致) 步骤三：根据逻辑主语选择动词正确形式 ①doing 主动 ②done被动 being done 此时此刻正在被 ③to do将要/目的 to be done 将要被 ④having done已完成 having been done 已经被完成 ⑤being+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语(being一般省略) 不能省略的情况有以下2种： 1、独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时： It being Monday, we went to work. 2、在There being+名词的结构中: There being no subway, we had to go home by taxi. Part1翻译练习： 1. 名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/不定式（非谓语） 月亮出来了，他们决定继续前行。The moon __________, they decided to __________. 那个男孩被汤姆欺负了，他的父亲很生气。The boy __________by Tom, his father__________angry. 汤姆今晚过来，玛丽正忙着准备晚餐。Tom__________tonight, Mary ___busy __________ the dinner. 2. 名词/代词+形容词/副词/名词/介宾结构 这个男孩很伤心，他的母亲很担心。The boy__________, his mother __________. 现在是星期天，学校没有开学。It __________ Sunday, the school __________. 比赛结束了，观众鼓掌。The game __________,the audience __________. 这个男孩在医院里，他的母亲很伤心。The boy __________ in the hospital, his mother __________. 女孩进来了，手里拿着书。A girl __________, a book __________. 3. There being结构 学校里没事做了，我回家了。There __________ nothing else to do at school,I __________ home. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。There _____ no further business,I declare the meeting _______. 没有要问的，我就要走了。There __________ nothing to ask, I __________. 4. With/Without+复合结构 她含着眼泪离开了办公室。She ________the offices with ________________________. 你认识那个手里拿着一本书的人吗?Do you know the man with ________________? 她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。Without a word ________, she________the meeting room. Part2巩固练习 一、经典试题填空 1. The party will be held in the park, weather ________(permit). 2. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _______ (lay) for a meal to be cooked. 3. The speech ______(give), a dynamic question and answer session followed. 4. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work ______(fill) my mind, I almost break down. 5. John received an invitation to the party, and with his work _____(finish), he gladly accepted it. 6. With nothing _______(do), we went to the museum. 7. With their son _______(attend) a foreign college now, the parents have some financial issues from time to time. 8. Her money ________(run out), the lazy middle aged woman began to steal others’money at crowded places, such as bus stops, stations, airports and ports. 二、把下面句子简化成独立主格结构 1. Because our lessons were over，we went to play table tennis. 2. The children came running towards us and held some flowers in their hands. 3. My mother is ill，so I won't be able to go on holiday. 4. An exam will be held tomorrow, so I couldn’t go to the cinema tonight. 5.As autumn comes on, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 6.As it is a holiday,all the shops are closed. 三、改错 1. The old couple often have a walk after supper in the park with their pet cat followed them. 2. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some have a life span of around 30 years. 3. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons were finished for the day. 4. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent was launched at the end of last March. 5. The street was quiet with no buses were running. 6. In came a woman with her hand being tied back. 7. With Mr Smith away, we’ve got more room. 8. With the car broken down halfway on the road, we had great trouble walking home in the snow. 四、续写翻译练习 1. 天气逐渐转凉，树叶开始变黄，秋天悄然而至。 _______________________________________________________ 2. 比赛时间所剩无几，队员们加快了进攻节奏。 _______________________________________________________ 3. 他双手颤抖着，额头上冒出冷汗，显然非常紧张。 _______________________________________________________ 4.所有证据都被销毁了，案件调查陷入僵局。 _______________________________________________________ 5. 父母出差在外，家里只剩下我和妹妹两个人。 _______________________________________________________ 6. 暴风雨即将来临，乌云密布，渔民们匆忙返航。 _______________________________________________________ 7. 作业完成了，他终于可以放松一下，看会儿电视。 _______________________________________________________ 8. 校长站在讲台上，手里拿着一份重要文件，准备宣布消息。 _______________________________________________________ 9. 资金耗尽，项目被迫暂停，团队陷入沮丧。 _______________________________________________________ 10. 夜幕降临，星星点缀着天空，篝火照亮了露营者的笑脸。 _______________________________________________________ 答案： 一、 1. permitting 2.laid 3.(having been) given 4.filling 5.finished 6.to do 7.attending 8.having run out 二、 2. 1.Our lessons (being) over，we went to play football. 3. 2. The children came running towards us,( with) some flowers held in their hands.(独立主格)/The children came running towards us, holding some flowers in their hands.(非谓语) 4. 3. My mother (being) ill,I won't be able to go on holiday. 5. 4. An exam to be held tomorrow,I couldn’t go to the cinema tonight. 6. 5.With winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 7. 6.It being a holiday,all the shops are shut. 三、 1. following改为following 2. have改为having 3. 去掉were 4. 去掉was 5. 去掉were 6. 去掉being 7. 正确 8. broken改为 breaking 4、 续写翻译练习 The weather growing colder, the leaves turning yellow, autumn arrived quietly. Time running out, the players sped up their offense. His hands trembling, cold sweat on his forehead, he was obviously nervous. All the evidence destroyed, the investigation came to a dead end. Our parents away on business, only my sister and I were left at home. A storm approaching, dark clouds gathering, the fishermen hurried back to shore His homework finished, he could finally relax and watch some TV. The principal stood on the platform, an important document in his hand, ready to make an announcement The funds exhausted, the project had to be suspended, leaving the team in frustration. Night falling, stars dotting the sky, the campfire lit up the campers’ smiling faces. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$