专题04 说明文、议论文阅读（湖南专用）-【好题汇编】2025年高考英语二模试题分类汇编

专题04 说明文、议论文阅读 说明文 （一） （2025·湖南·二模 ） C Google used its artificial intelligence-powered weather forecasting tools to precisely predict floods up to a week in advance of them happening. In a new paper published in the scientific journal Nature, Google’s researchers describe this as an early warning system that could be used throughout the world, not only to predict or recognize natural disasters but also to buffer the worst effects of what is one of the most common types of natural disasters. Flooding can be difficult to accurately predict, particularly riverine floods, due to a lack of resources and data related to flood history, water levels, and terrain (地形). AI use in weather forecasting is nothing new. Still, the rise of more powerful processors and larger data sets is allowing for new scales of prediction, including a new Nvidia digital Earth. A small percentage of global rivers have streamflow gauges (测量仪) which can be used to warn people if the volume of water flowing through the river changes. When combined with other points such as the local terrain, settlements near the river, weather forecasting, and historical events on the same river, data can be used to predict flooding. Google researchers gathered as much global data as they could access and trained new AI models to analyze them. Afterwards, those models could then make predictions for those regions where data might be considerably limited or even nonexistent. The team launched a Flood Hub platform, which provided access to forecasts in 20countries where flood forecasting had been difficult in the past. The platform collected seemingly unrelated information which was available locally, fed it into the AI system as a reminder, and ordered the AI to fill in the gaps and then classify data. So far Flood Hub has been expanded to 80 countries in Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europea, and the Americas, covering over 460 million people globally, particularly those in communities suffering from flooding. “Where possible, we also provide forecasts in Google Search and Google Maps and via Android warnings.” the Google team declared. 28．What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 1? A．Dismiss. B．Relieve. C．Perceive. D．Track. 29．Why is it hard to predict flooding? A．Relevant records are absent. B．Gauges are far from precise. C．AI is new to weather forecasting. D．Former studies are of little worth. 30．What can we know about flooding-forecasting AI models? A．They are accessible to global data. B．They are very quick in data analysis. C．They can ensure the reliability of data. D．They can break geographical limitations. 31．What does Paragraph 4 focus on about Flood Hub platform? A．Its designing principles. B．Its operating difficulties. C．Its dilemma and application. D．Its mechanism and popularity. D Symbolic interactionism is a sociological perspective that examines how individuals use symbols to communicate and create social reality. Founded by sociologists like George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley, the theory focuses on micro-level interactions between individuals, emphasizing the importance of symbols in these exchanges. Unlike other sociological perspectives that focus on larger structures, symbolic interactionism looks at how individual actions shape social structures through meaning-making processes. It suggests that individuals act based on the meanings they attach to objects, people, and situations. These meanings, in turn, are constructed and improved through social interactions. Symbols, such as language, gestures, and objects, are central to this process, as they provide the medium through which individuals understand and interpret the social world. A symbol, in the context of symbolic interactionism, is anything that carries meaning beyond its literal form. It could be a word, gesture, object, or even a social role. Symbols are not naturally meaningful; rather, their meanings are socially constructed and learned through interaction. For example, a handshake is not just a physical act but a symbol of greeting, agreement, or friendship in many cultures. Compared with saying hello, shaking hands has more unexpected effects. Symbols are essential for human communication and interaction. They allow individuals to convey complex ideas, emotions, and intentions in a way that is understood by others. Language, for instance, is a system of symbols that allows people to communicate abstract concepts like love, justice, and freedom. Without symbols, human interaction would be limited to immediate, visible experiences. One of the most important ways symbols function in social interaction is through the construction of identity. Individuals employ symbols to express who they are and how they relate to the world around them. The clothes one wears are symbols, which signal one’s profession, social status, or even personal beliefs and preferences. For example, a doctor’s white coat symbolizes medical authority, while a business suit might symbolize professionalism. So have you got the magic of symbols? 32．What’s the function of Paragraph 1? A．To explain how to relate to others. B．To define symbolic interactionism. C．To tell how symbolic interactionism formed. D．To compare varied sociological perspectives. 33．What does the author imply about symbols? A．They indicate how humans feel. B．Their meanings remain the same. C．Their forms are coined by humans. D．They strengthen what words convey. 34．What would happen without symbols? A．Costs of comprehension would rise. B．Social justice would no longer exist. C．Human interaction would be ceased. D．People would become caged birds. 35．Which conduct can reveal the identity of symbols’ users? A．A rich employer lights a cigarette. B．Policemen gesture to direct traffic. C．Students paint on school uniforms. D．A doctor raises money for patients. （二） （2025·湖南衡阳·二模 ） C Fears about climate change and global conflict destroying plant species and changing the face of the planet have prompted environmentalists and researchers to send 30,000 new seed samples to a “doomsday vault (末日种子库)” on a remote Norwegian island in the Arctic Ocean. The Svalbard Global Seed Vault on Spitsbergen Island, buried so deep inside a mountain as to withstand nuclear war and other disasters, was constructed to reestablish plant life following a worldwide disaster. Opened in 2008, the Svalbard Vault serves as a backup for the world’s gene banks, which store the genetic codes of thousands of plant species. It remains naturally cold due to a surrounding layer of permafrost (永冻土层). “Climate change and conflict threaten infrastructure and impact food security for over 700 million people in more than 75 countries worldwide,” Stefan Schmitz, an organizer of the facility, said. “Gene banks are stepping up efforts to back up seed collections, and we are proud to support them by providing a safe place in Norway.” Recent deposits include seeds for vegetables and herbs from the Union of Agrioultural Work Committees in Palestine, seeds from farmers in Bolivia, and samples for 1,145 types of maize, rice, sesame, and sorghum from Chad, which are able to endure extreme heat and arid conditions and can be invaluable to countries impacted by global warming. While the seed bank could benefit the entire planet, it is being run and funded by the Norwegian government, in partnership with the Crop Trust and the Nordic Genetic Resource Center. The vault, which cost $ 8.8 million to build, is free to use for depositors wanting to store seeds that could be used to reestablish crop lines after their disappearance because of natural or unnatural disasters. Lise Lykke Steffensen, executive director of the Nordic Genetic Resource Center said, “Humanity depends on a wide diversity of genetic resources to meet future challenges. Therefore, it is comforting that many gene banks choose to be part of this seed deposit. The Svalbard Vault has an important purpose to secure these valuable collections, not least given the state of the world today.” 28．What is the purpose of establishing the Seed Vault? A．To provide seeds to plant on the islands. B．To endure nuclear war and other disasters. C．To store seeds for scientific research. D．To bring plant life back after a big catastrophe. 29．What can we learn from the seeds recently deposited? A．They’re all from developed countries. B．They’re grown only in cold climates. C．They’re valuable for medical purposes. D．They’re used to defend extreme weather. 30．Who can use the Seed Vault for free? A．Farmers from Palestine, Bolivia and Chad. B．Any organization interested in planting seeds. C．Organizations or individuals depositing seeds. D．The Union of Agricultural Work Committees. 31．What’s the Lise Lykke Steffensen’s attitude towards the seed deposit? A．Approving. B．Critical. C．Neutral. D．Indifferent. D A group of researchers has published new findings in Science on potential risks from the development of mirror bacteria - synthetic organisms in which all molecules (分子) have reversed chirality (i.e. are “mirrored”) (反向手性). Scientists had begun early work toward creating mirror bacteria, and while the capability is at least a decade away, recent years have seen significant progress. The new paper finds that, if created, these organisms may pose significant dangers to humans, animals, plants, and environmental health. The 38 authors working in nine countries include leading experts in immunology, plant pathology and so on. The publication in Science is accompanied by a detailed 300-page technical report. While any threat is not approaching, the Science paper finds that mirror bacteria may pose serious risks. Immune defenses in humans, animals, and plants rely on identifying particular molecular geometries found in invading bacteria. If these shapes were reflected - as they would be uniquely in mirror bacteria - recognition would be impaired (受损的) and many basic immune defenses could fail, potentially leaving organisms vulnerable to infection. The analysis also suggests that mirror bacteria in the environment may be able to evade (逃避) natural predators like phages, which rely heavily on chirally-mediated interactions to kill bacteria and limit their populations. Transport via animals and humans could enable spread between diverse ecosystems. Persistent and widespread environmental populations of mirror bacteria would expose humans, animals and plants to an ongoing risk of infection - a serious threat to humans and to global ecosystems. The authors call for further inspection of their findings and conclude that, unless compelling evidence emerges that these organisms would not pose extraordinary dangers, mirror bacteria should not be created. This paper marks a starting point for a broader discussion about the risks from mirror bacteria, including participation from the global scientific community, policymakers, research funders, and other stakeholders. Several of the authors on the paper are involved in planning a series of events throughout 2025 to inspect the findings of the paper and discuss steps that can be taken to prevent risks from mirror bacteria. 32．What is the characteristic of mirror bacteria? A．They are made up of mirror molecules. B．Their molecules have opposite chirality. C．They are active in a mirrored environment. D．They can change their molecular structure. 33．What can we learn about mirror bacteria from paragraph 2? A．They will come out very soon. B．They will barely harm creatures. C．They will be made no less than a decade. D．They will have an effect in ten years. 34．What consequence might mirror bacteria bring according to the new findings? A．Natural predators can’t kill them. B．Their molecules are the same as normal bacteria’s. C．Immune defenses can’t tell their molecular shapes. D．Immune protection can be impaired directly by them. 35．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Creation of Mirror Bacteria B．Mirror Bacteria: Risks and Global Responses C．Scientists’ New Findings on Bacterial Infection D．The Effect of Mirror Bacteria on Immune Systems （三） （2025·湖南邵阳·二模 ） Accurate carbon tracking is critical for fighting climate change, yet traditional methods lack reliability due to systemic weaknesses. Companies self-report energy use and supply chains — process likely to involve human errors and intentional mis reporting. A 2023 bun study found 34 % of industrial carbon records had errors, like an Indonesian palm oil factory over reporting emissions by 21 % due to calculation mistakes. Block chain technology, a secure and distributed digital system, offers effective solutions to these problems through three key approaches: Shared Data Confirmation Internet-connected sensors installed in factories and transport vehicle automatically record real-time emission data. In Argentina, a biofuel plant reduced carbon leaks by 37 % after adopting sensors that check gas levels every 15 minutes. The collected data is instantly shared across a block chain network. Secure Records Confirmed data is stored in digital units arranged by time order, which cannot be changed. During a 2025 official check in Malaysia, a rubber factory’s carbon emission reports showed almost the same results as expert tests (difference below 0. 2 %). This accuracy came from Blockchain’s automatic time records and data that cannot be edited, making the information trust worthy for years. Automatic Rule Checks Pre-programmed digital rules enforce emission limits. When a Philippine electronics factory exceeded its carbon quota by 14 % in 2024, block chain systems immediately suspended its export permits. The factory was required to purchase confirmed carbon credits within 36 hours to continue operations. A multinational textile group reduced reporting errors by 72 % across 18 countries using block chain. Farmers in Bangladesh now share remotely checked water usage data, while factories in Vietnam track energy consumption with smart sensors. Inspectors can access standardized reports through block chain system, cutting inspection time from 25 days to 45 hours — a 64 % efficiency improvement. Initial setup costs average $200, 000 per factory, but global environmental programs offer financial support to small businesses. Training remains a major challenge: 48 % of factory managers lack block chain operational skills. Despite these difficulties, 90 % of major economies plan to require block chain-based carbon reporting by 2028. Experts predict block chain will transform carbon management from government duty into a strategic advantage for sustainable businesses worldwide. Personally, blank chain will become the global standard for emission tracking within the next decade. 32．What is the primary issue with traditional carbon reporting? A．Human-related data in accuracies. B．Frequent equipment breakdowns. C．Lack of financial support. D．Over use of advanced technology. 33．What can be inferred from the Malaysian rubber factory example? A．Block chain works best in large industries. B．Block chain re moves third-party checks. C．Block chain standardized cross-border reporting. D．Block chain ensured highly accurate data. 34．What is probably the author’s attitude to the blockchain’s future challenge? A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. 35．Which title best summarized the passage? A．Blockchain: The High Costs of Modern Technology. B．Blockchain: Transforming Carbon Data Reliability. C．Blockchain: Old as New Energy Reporting Systems. D．Blockchain: Government Strategies for Climate issued. （四） （2025·湖南省新高考教学教研联盟·二模 ） C Your mouse pauses over the “purchase now” button, or you’ve written the text but can’t quite bring yourself to press “send”. You hesitate. Our culture values execution. We are big on “going for it”. This might be an unpopular opinion, but I think there’s a lot of wisdom in listening to our hesitation. Our minds are powerful and important, but so are our bodies. We don’t always make it a practice to listen to our bodies. When we’re paying attention, we have access to a lot of nonrational information. Hesitation can be a signal that there’s something we haven’t considered yet, some hidden information we really need. When we walk up to the door but don’t quite want to open it, it might be a good idea to pause and consider what’s going on in our bodies. Is there something we haven’t been paying attention to? When you notice yourself hesitating, you’re not in an enthusiastic “yes”. An enthusiastic “yes” means every part of you — heart, mind, body, soul — is ready and willing to do the thing. Hesitation means a part of you isn’t quite sure. That doesn’t necessarily mean it’s a “no”, either. Sometimes that part is fearful, perhaps because of past experiences. If our rational minds know that it’s perfectly safe, we may simply need to reassure that part and move forward. That hesitation could also come from a part that knows, on some level, that we’re rushing, that this isn’t the best option, and that we’re not quite sure. We may need to gather more information or ensure that we have actually looked at all the other options. One way that we can assist ourselves with a specific decision is to notice when there’s hesitation and, if you have the time, wait. Sleep on it. Give it a week, even. Check back in with the decision you thought you made and see if anything feels different. Another interesting way is to walk up to the door of it. Take action as if you had already made the decision and, before it’s irreversible, of course, notice how it feels to walk that path. That may give you more information than thinking ever could. 28．What does the underlined word “execution” mean in the second paragraph? A．Thinking. B．Doing. C．Creating. D．Delaying. 29．What brings about hesitation according to the passage? A．Inner fear. B．Indifference. C．The best option. D．Complete rejection. 30．What can help us with a wise decision when facing hesitation? A．Asking for others’ help. B．Stickıng to our decision. C．Sleeping until it disappears. D．Postponing taking actions. 31．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Tips on Action Plans. B．Wisdom of Hesitation. C．Ways to Avoid Hesitation. D．Guidance on Purchase. D Passing quietly away from sudden heartbreak is a theme that pops up in myth and fantasy. In the Star Wars universe, Padmé Amidala may have died of a broken heart after her husband turned to the dark side. Shakespeare’s King Lear gives in to heartbreak after hearing of the death of his precious Cordelia. Drama aside, it’s possible these characters fell to Takotsubo Syndrome (章鱼壶综合征) — a short, intense dysfunction in the heart’s left ventricle (心室). It can occur after extreme emotional or physical stress, making “heartbreak” both real and potentially deadly. While dying of heartbreak has been a popular theme in fiction for a long time, clinicians only began documenting real cases in the 1960s. As imaging technology improved, doctors could directly study the hearts of affected patients. In many, the left ventricle — the part that pumps oxygenated blood to the body — balloons out. The outline reminded Japanese clinicians of a takotsubo, a round jar for catching octopuses. In 1990, cardiologist Hikaru Sato and his colleagues, at Hiroshima City Hospital proposed the term Takotsubo to describe the condition. What sparks it is still something of a mystery. One hypothesis is that an acute painful event causes a surge of stress hormones. As the left ventricle is especially rich in receptors for these chemicals, a sudden flood could cause the tense muscle to become loose and swollen, making it incapable of delivering enough blood to the body. Another hypothesis is that a stress response “stuns” the heart temporarily, With the majority of cases observed in aging women, it’s also possible that declining estrogen (雌激素) plays a role. Though severe, Takotsubo is remarkably short-lived and typically not deadly. About 4 percent of sufferers die, while about 75 percent fully recover after 10 days. “It’s absolutely incredible,” said Trisha Singh, a cardiologist at University Hospitals Dorset in England. “I remember seeing a lady with her left ventricular function severely damaged, but when I came back and rescanned her six hours later, it had gone from severely damaged to almost mildly impaired to almost normal.” Standard care is to treat the patient for heart failure, “But now, more recently, especially with seeing some people recover so rapidly, it raises a question;” Singh says. “Should we even be bothering with trying to put people on these medications? Are they even going to do any good?” It’s possible that with basic medical support for the patient, the heart may unbreak itself. 32．What can we learn about Takotsubo Syndrome? A．It has effects mostly on young men. B．It is a permanent, incurable heart condition. C．It is an extreme reaction to sudden pressure. D．It is a fictional scene only in movies and plays. 33．What contributes to the naming of the Syndrome? A．That the jar is used to treat the Syndrome. B．That octopuses are known to cause the Syndrome. C．That the shape of the attacked heart resembles the jar. D．That the Syndrome was first discovered by Japanese fishermen. 34．What is unrelated to the possible cause of the Syndrome? A．The burst of blood. B．The reduced estrogen. C．The increasing hormone. D．The non-functional muscle. 35．What is Dr. Singh’s attitude towards the recovery through medications? A．Casual. B．Pessimistic. C．Favorable. D．Skeptical. （五） （2025·湖南省一起考·二模 ） Rice, one of the most consumed staple foods globally, holds a universal appeal that goes beyond cultural and geographical boundaries. This humble grain, grown in over 100 countries, is a primary food source for more than half of the world’s population. As one of the oldest cultivated crops, rice has played a central role in shaping cooking traditions, economies, and cultures around the world. Archaeological evidence suggests that rice was first grown over 10,000 years ago in the regions of ancient China and India. It has since spread globally, becoming a necessary part of numerous cultures. The spread of rice cultivation followed ancient trade routes, reaching the Middle East, Africa and eventually Europe and the Americas. In China and India, rice has been a staple food for a thousand years, deeply embedded in both daily life and religious rituals. Rice cultivation techniques and varieties developed in these regions have significantly influenced rice agriculture globally. Rice holds a place of great importance in Asian cuisine, serving as a main food and a cultural symbol across many countries in the region. Each Asian cuisine has developed unique ways of preparing and incorporating rice, reflecting the diverse cooking traditions and cultural practices of this vast continent! Rice is central to Chinese meals, often served plain to complement the variety of other dishes. Special dishes like fried rice and rice porridge are also popular. In Japan, short grain rice is a key component, most famously used in sushi. Rice is also served as a side in most meals and used in dishes like onigiri (rice balls) and sake (rice wine). The future of rice in cuisine continues to evolve, as chefs and home cooks alike push the boundaries of creativity, blending traditional methods with modern innovations. Yet the essence of rice, as a fundamental and unifying element of so many cooking traditions, remains unchanged. As we continue to explore the endless possibilities of this extraordinary grain, we carry with us a deeper appreciation for the role it plays in connecting us .to different cultures, histories, and to each other. 28．What’s the main reason that rice is valued globally according to the text? A．Its role in changing geographical environment. B．Its association with cultural rituals and festivals. C．Its contribution to sustainable farming practices. D．Its widespread cultivation and dietary importance. 29．Which statement best describes the role of rice in Asian cuisine? A．It is used in diverse cooking practices. B．It is primarily used in desserts. C．It is a symbol of high social status. D．It is cooked similarly in different countries. 30．What does the further exploration of rice in cuisine focus on? A．Respecting cultural differences. B．Cultural appreciation and identity. C．Combining traditions with new ideas. D．Traditional cooking methods and equipment. 31．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why the type of rice you buy matters? B．Rice: a global grain in diverse cuisines. C．How people in different places cook rice? D．The history of rice around the world. （六） （2025·湖南永州·二模 ） Hearing from an old friend you’ve lost touch with can be a pleasant surprise, and restoring those old friendships can be extremely fulfilling. But according to a new study by psychologists from University of Sussex, we often hesitate to initiate those reconnections. The study included seven large surveys of almost 2,500 participants. Over 90 percent of participants could think of a particular friend with whom they had lost touch and would like to speak with again. However, even when participants expressed wanting to reconnect, thought the friend would be appreciative, and were given time to draft a message, only about a third actually sent the message. So why is this such a tough roadblock that we need to get past? Over time, old friends can start to feel like strangers, explains Aknin, psychologist at Simon Fraser University. That psychological distance is what people report as their main barrier to reconnecting. The type of relationship two friends had before losing touch can also determine how difficult this distance feels to bridge. A previously close relationship with a lot of trust makes picking up where you left off more likely and lessens the fear of rejection. “In many cases, part of the reason a tie grows dormant (休眠) is because people move away, their interests change, and so they lose track of other people. But if you think about it, that’s what makes running into someone you haven’t seen in a long time so helpful and so interesting,” says Labianca, psychologist at University of Massachusetts Amherst. “Their lives have gone in different directions, so you might hear about something new and cool and different.” Social media might make reconnecting with dormant ties easier. Since the new research found familiarity makes reaching out easier, social media could provide a resting baseline of more familiarity. But Aknin says while social media might help keep up with old friends on a surface level, fully reactivating an old tie calls for a real conversation: A phone call or a face-to-face interaction, reacting to each other in real time. 32．What does the writer intend to do in the second paragraph? A．To support a conclusion. B．To illustrate a theory. C．To analyze the underlying logic. D．To explain a phenomenon. 33．The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________. A．the fears of rejection B．the initiation of reconnection C．the previously close friendship D．the development of diverse friendship 34．How does Labianca view reactivating dormant ties? A．They’re not worth reactivating. B．They’re facilitated by social media. C．They may offer a chance for new insights. D．They bridge the psychological distance. 35．What does Aknin suggest to reconnect with friends? A．Reflection on shared experience. B．Surface-level connections online. C．In-depth personal communication. D．Regular interactions on social media. （七） （2025·长郡中学·二模 ） The last time my husband and I went out for an elegant restaurant dinner, the server came to our table and began to recite a long list of specials, with detailed descriptions of how the dishes were made and where the ingredients had been sourced. Her recitation went on and on, and as she spoke, I became almost more interested in how she could remember all those descriptions than I was in thinking about the food. Meanwhile, I couldn’t remember where I’d put my keys before we left for the restaurant. The good news is that not remembering where you put your keys is generally not a sign of dementia (老年痴呆). And on the contrary, being able to remember a long list of restaurant specials isn’t necessarily a sign of extraordinary mental ability, either. Memory is far more complicated than the dining out experience could ever show. While most of us are terrified about developing dementia, fewer than 10% of adults aged 65 and older will wind up with dementia such as Alzheimer’s (阿尔茨海默症). “Some memory loss is normal as people age.” says Joel Salinas, a behavioral neurologist. “It’s not the kind of decline that interferes with the ability to live your life.” And, he adds, “There are areas that actually improve with age. Vocabulary is one.” Jessica Zwerling, a director of the Center of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease, compares the effect of aging on memory to kind of like getting traffic on the brain. “It may take longer to find a word; it may come to you later. The speed of processing can go down, but your hippocampus, the part of the brain most associated with memory, should be functioning.” And the memories themselves are stored in various sections of the cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the brain. “Memory is all these different brain networks working in concert with each other,” says Dr. Salinas. 32．Why does the author mention the dining out experience in the first paragraph? A．To clarify the distinct differences. B．To introduce her awkward situation. C．To teach readers how to recite menus. D．To highlight the complexity of memory. 33．What does the underlined phrase “interferes with” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Promote. B．Limit. C．Mix. D．Acquire. 34．What can we know about aged people with memory loss according to the text? A．They act like an Alzheimer’s patient. B．They can’t live a normal life independently. C．They are sure to suffer dementia some day. D．They may recall some forgotten words after a while. 35．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The mechanism of memory loss in brain. B．The brain parts in charge of memorizing. C．The procedures of memory experiments. D．The result of losing memory in brain. （八） （2025·长沙市一中·二模 ） C Parrots are known for being cheerful and colorful birds with a chatty side. To spotlight these beautiful birds, Nayan Shrimal and Venus Bird from The Paper Ark have launched The Parrot Project, in which they create lifelike paper portraits (肖像) in their likeness for a good cause. “This series is a respect to these amazing birds and their contribution to our ecosystem,” the artists said. To them, parrots are not only beautiful birds that have inspired them creatively but also a species that has long been subjected to exploitation. “Many parrot species are threatened and some are near to extinction,” Shrimal and Bird explained. “They are suffering a lot due to deforestation and pet trade and we wanted to shine light on the importance of these species in our ecosystem through our art.” To create these realistic pieces, they begin by picking a species from their collection of bird books. Once they settle on a parrot, they carry out some online research to get all the information needed for a faithful description. “Each species is created keeping in mind their habitat so each artwork in this series shows the bird perching (栖息) on the tree or plant which is either their favorite plant or their perching tree,” the artists share. Each bird is made up of tiny paper bits, put together following a drawing previously made by the team. They also carefully paint each piece to truly capture the details that make the species so unique, such as the yellow spots on the head of the red-tailed black cockatoo or the ombre (渐变色) feathers of the Scarlet Macaw. The detailed portraits are now available for sale on The Paper Ark’s website, with the artists donating 10% from each sale towards parrot conservation. “Our primary purpose with this series is to motivate people to learn about these beautiful birds and their importance in our ecosystem and the threats they are facing,” Shrimal and Bird explain. “We want our audience to come together and take steps to conserve this species.” 28．What motivated Nayan Shrimal and Venus Bird to initiate The Parrot Project? A．The overpopulation of certain parrot species. B．The threats of human activities to the parrots. C．Their personal fascination with parrots as pets. D．The requirement of an environmental organization. 29．How do the artists ensure their paper parrots true to life? A．By using high-tech to create the models. B．By using real feathers in their artworks. C．By using photographs as a direct reference. D．By researching all details about the species. 30．Why are there specific trees or plants in the parrot portraits? A．To add artistic value to the portraits. B．To identify the parrot species easily. C．To show the bird in its natural habitat. D．To make the artworks more complicated. 31．What can The Parrot Project help do according to the text? A．To ban the pet trade of parrots. B．To connect people with animals. C．To research different species of parrots. D．To raise awareness of parrots’ conservation. D Climate change is increasingly challenging the world of sports, with rising temperatures and extreme weather conditions threatening the existence of sports events globally. Athletes like triathlete Pragnya Mohan have been forced to relocate their training to cope with unbearable heat, while others, including discus thrower Sam Mattis, face extreme temperatures during competitions. Such conditions not only affect athlete performance but also pose a threat to the continued existence of certain sports. At the UN climate summit in Baku, experts underlined the urgent need to address climate change’s impact on sports. Events are being interrupted by unusual weather patterns, as seen in the Paris Olympics, where triathlons were delayed due to water quality issues from heavy rain. In response, some sports organizations and clubs are beginning to take action. Soccer clubs have joined forces to reduce emissions and engage fans in climate awareness, emphasizing the role sports can play in advocating environmental responsibility. These efforts illustrate the crucial role that organized sports can have in promoting and supporting sustainable practices. However, large-scale efforts can sometimes seem less impactful due to conflicting priorities and the financial interests tied to major sports events. These factors hinder real progress in sports-related climate advocacy and reveal the complexities involved in combining global sports practices with environmental initiatives. Climate change is also increasing the costs associated with sports, widening the gap between rich and less rich athletes. As certain regions become unsuitable for training due to weather extremes, athletes face increased travel and training expenses, creating a widening socioeconomic divide. To adapt, sports events are shifting to cooler times or new locations. However, these measures only partially address the broader issues. Technologies like air-conditioned stadiums, used in the Qatar World Cup, provide temporary relief but are not sustainable. As sports wrestle with climate change, athletes and organizations must innovate to reduce their environmental footprint. A joint effort is essential to make sure sports can continue to boom in a changing world, offering fair opportunities while promoting sustainability, with an emphasis on long-term, impactful solutions. 32．Why are Pragnya Mohan and Sam Mattis mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To demonstrate physical challenges world athletes face. B．To praise their achievement in reducing climate change. C．To display their excellent performance in competitions. D．To show the bad effects climate change has on sports. 33．What does the underlined word “hinder” mean? A．Discover. B．Achieve. C．Deny. D．Block. 34．What might be the impact of climate change on sports? A．It narrows the skill gap between athletes. B．It raises the training costs for sports events. C．It promotes equality among sports participants. D．It increases the number of international events. 35．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Innovative technology is key in sports competitions B．Cooperation is needed to ensure the sports’ survival C．Organizations should offer athletes fair opportunities. D．The solutions made now are short-term and low-impact. （九） （2025·湖南省九校联盟·二模 ） C In the race to develop artificial intelligence (AI) systems that can outperform humans, DeepSeek, one cutting-edge technology, developed by a team of researchers in Asia, has already demonstrated its ability to revolutionize industries ranging from healthcare to finance. However, as DeepSeek’s capabilities grow, so do the ethical questions surrounding its use. One of the most impressive features of DeepSeek is its ability to analyze vast amounts of data in real time. For example, in healthcare, it has been used to predict disease outbreaks by analyzing patterns in patient data. In finance, it has helped banks find fraud with very high accuracy. Yet, these advancements come with a price. It raises concerns about privacy and consent (允许). Who owns the data being used, and how can we ensure it is not misused? Another area where DeepSeek has shown promise is in natural language processing (NLP). Its ability to understand and generate human language has made it a valuable tool for translation services. However, critics argue that this technology could be weaponized to spread misinformation or influence public opinions. The recent controversy over AI-generated deepfake videos is also a reminder of the potential dangers. Despite these challenges, people who support DeepSeek argue that its benefits far outweigh the risks. They point to its potential to solve some of the world’s most pressing problems, such as climate change and poverty. For instance, DeepSeek has been used to make smarter cities consume less energy, reducing carbon emissions significantly. In agriculture, it has helped farmers increase crop yields by analyzing soil data. The debate about DeepSeek’s ethical influences is far from settled. Some call for stricter regulations to prevent misuse, while others believe that innovation should not be stopped because of fear. As we move forward, one thing is clear: the future of AI will depend on our ability to pursue balance between progress and responsibility. 28．What is an advantage of DeepSeek in the field of healthcare according to the text? A．It can diagnose some rare diseases accurately. B．It cuts down patients’ medical treatment costs. C．It helps doctors plan treatments more quickly. D．It can predict disease outbreaks via data analysis. 29．What potential risk might arise from DeepSeek’s NLP technology? A．It might be adopted to spread false information in public. B．It would cause virtual assistants to become less intelligent. C．It could lead to a decrease in the quality of translation services. D．It might result in a reduction of job opportunities in the IT field. 30．What is the author’s overall attitude towards DeepSeek? A．Supportive. B．Indifferent. C．Objective. D．Opposed. 31．What is the main idea of the text? A．The ethical problems of DeepSeek. B．The technical details of DeepSeek. C．The industries that DeepSeek helps. D．The development history of AI in Asia. D Goldman Sachs estimates there were over 80 million social media influencers globally in 2024, spanning platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube, with the number growing 10% - 20% annually. While some perceive influencing as a pastime, others pursue it full time, drawn by stories of influencers making tens of thousands of dollars per post or launching their own brands. Morning Consult reports that 57% of American Gen Zers dream of becoming influencers, with 53% referring to it as a “respectable career”. For companies, the appeal of influencer marketing (营销) lies in its capability to target specific audiences through content creators, alongside consumers’ rising social media engagement. Influencer Marketing Hub notes 86% of brands globally plan to invest in influencer campaigns in 2025, up from 37% in 2017, with nearly a quarter committing over 40% of their marketing budgets to such efforts. However, the influencer boom presents challenges. Goldman Sachs reveals only 4% of influencers earn over $100,000 annually. AI-generated “virtual influencers” like Aitana López - a computer-designed fitness expert with 330,000 Instagram followers - threaten to flood feeds (信息流) further. While small creators with modest (不算多的) followings may earn side income, few can quit their regular jobs. Market overcrowding also makes online fame unstable. Joe Gagliese of Viral Nation warns that even viral moments don’t guarantee lasting success: “If influencers don't take advantage of the momentum (势头), someone else will.” Consumer exhaustion adds another hurdle. A 2023 McKinsey survey found 68% of global fashion consumers were critical about the massive amount of sponsored content. Anita Balchandani of McKinsey notes influencers initially gained attention as “trusted” voices, but maintaining veracity alongside paid promotions is now crucial. Seeking this balance is key to staying relevant in an overcrowded market. Ultimately, while the appeal of influencer careers remains, the reality is tough: as the industry grows, so does the gap between the fascinating dream and real sustainability. 32．What makes many Gen Zers keen to enter the field of influencing? A．The potential to be wealthy or start their own businesses. B．The opportunity to secure regular corporate jobs. C．The guarantee of immediate success and popularity. D．The rocketing popularity of social media platforms. 33．Which of the following is NOT a factor discouraging social media influencers? A．Low earnings. B．Companies' preference for AI. C．Intense competition. D．Displeased audiences. 34．What does the underlined word “veracity” in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Popularity. B．Confidence. C．Honesty. D．Competence. 35．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Rise of Influencers and Their Impact on Social Media B．Opportunities and Challenges within the Influencer Economy C．Gen Zers' Enthusiasm for Entering Sooial Media Influencing D．Brands' Climbing Marketing Budgets for Influencer Campaigns （十） （2025·长沙市一中·四月月考 ） C Childhood malnutrition (营养不良) is a well-known problem in low-and middle-income countries, but children in countries such as Bangladesh also face increasing rates of obesity (肥胖). Obesity in both public and private schools in Bangladesh ranges from 14% to 38%, and about 23.6% of adolescents are overweight. Because the food environment — i.e. the type and amount of food that is available and accessible — affects children’s dietary preferences and health outcomes, it is considered a primary cause of obesity. Bangladesh must collect data about the food environment in and near schools and then use that information to address childhood obesity. Characterizing the food environment in Bangladesh is challenging. Mobile and seasonal food vendors are difficult to track, but unhealthy food options are often found near and within schools. Specific groups, such as people between 17 and 30 years of age, tend to consume unhealthy food more frequently. The percentage of urban, college-going adolescents who consume fast food is 68.1%. Given evidence that providing healthy, affordable food in and near schools can effectively address childhood obesity, Bangladesh should take immediate action. Policymakers should focus on increasing awareness of the risks associated with the consumption of unhealthy, unhygienic, and fast food by children and young adults. Outreach should target students as well as the teaching staff and parents who support them. The government of Bangladesh should also promote healthy foods in close proximity to schools. However, low- and middle-income countries may differ from high-income countries. To enable effective and targeted action, Bangladesh should collect systematic, in-depth data about the frequency and availability of types of food in and near schools, the spatial distribution of and differences in food options, the factors influencing dietary choices, and the impact of these choices on health outcomes. Bangladesh and other low-and middle-income countries facing increased childhood obesity should conduct research similar to studies that have been done in high-income countries, such as the United States, Canada, Europe, and New Zealand. Such research could determine the effects of differences in social status, economics, sex, education, and geographic location on childhood obesity. 28．What mainly contributes to childhood obesity in Bangladesh? A．Improved economic environment. B．Families’ dietary preferences. C．Schools’ demanding rules. D．Accessible food choices. 29．What information about Bangladesh can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．Food vendors are uniformly distributed. B．Data about the food environment is easy to collect. C．The food environment near and within schools deserves more attention. D．People between 20 and 25 years old consume more fast food than adolescents. 30．What measure should Bangladesh take according to paragraph 3? A．Closing fast food restaurants near schools. B．Making healthy food affordable for parents. C．Strengthening risk management policies in and out of schools. D．Promoting publicity of consequences of eating unhealthy food. 31．Why does the author mention high-income countries? A．To give more examples of childhood obesity. B．To compare current obesity situations globally. C．To prove ineffectiveness of previous strategies. D．To offer insights into solutions to childhood obesity. D As genetic and biomarker tests become more common, so do new treatments that target specific tumor (肿瘤) types and may lead to better outcomes. Patients with the same cancer type received a one-size-fits-all approach that didn’t work for many. “We used to treat just based on whether the tumor was bigger than a centimeter,” says Kimberly Allison, a surgical pathologist and breast cancer researcher at Stanford University School of Medicine. “The biology didn’t matter; you pretty much gave chemo-treatment (化疗) to everybody.” The good news is that this has changed dramatically in the last few decades. Patients are no longer assessed and treated based only on the location and size of their cancer. Researchers now look for DNA changes and a range of other biological indicators. With this information, clinical teams can approach each case with more nuance, diagnosing and treating patients according to their personal physical conditions — and the specific characteristics of their cancer. This has been achieved in large part through two distinct types of tests: genetic screening and biomarker testing. As researchers continue to home in on the underlying genetic factors of different cancers, the role of these tests in both diagnosis and treatment is only going to grow. The first of the two testing methods, genetic testing, helps to assess the cancer risk of healthy people and their family members. The technique goes through a person’s inherited DNA for gene variants known to increase the risk of developing cancer, or affect how the tumor might respond to treatment. For example, Hereditary BRCA1/2 mutations significantly increase breast cancer risk. The second testing method, biomarker testing, tends to happen once someone has already been diagnosed with cancer. Biomarkers are objective, measurable signs that can help clinicians understand how a cancer is progressing, or how it might respond to specific treatments. While personalized treatment is now an option in many cancer types, data suggests there’s a long road ahead to make genetic and biomarker testing (e.g., germline genetic testing in <7% of cancer patients and key biomarkers assessed in <50% of non-small lung cancer cases) widely available, despite rising trends. 32．What problem does Kimberly Allison’s statement mainly illustrate? A．Patients with small tumors were often misdiagnosed. B．Traditional approaches ignored the biological differences. C．Doctors focused too much on the effects of chemotherapy. D．Early treatments lacked advanced technologies for tumor detection. 33．What does the underlined word “nuance” in paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Sympathy. B．Speed. C．Differences. D．Tools. 34．What do we know about biomarker testing? A．It assesses cancer risk. B．It monitors changes in cancer. C．It applies standardized treatments. D．It is more fact-based than genetic testing. 35．What is the passage most likely to discuss next? A．Strategies to increase testing rates. B．Advancements in genetic testing technologies. C．Impacts of low testing rates on patient outcomes. D．Comparisons of testing rates across different cancer types. 议论文 （一） （2025·湖南邵阳·二模 ） In today’s interconnected world, cross-cultural communication has emerged as a vital skill for fostering international cooperation and social harmony. Britain, with its centuries-old history of absorbing diverse influences and its current multicultural landscape, serves as an ideal example of how tradition and modernity can coexist to bridge cultural gaps. The roots of British cultural adaptability trace back to ancient times. When the Romans invaded Britain in 55 BC, they not only established management systems but also constructed public facilities such as roads and Hadrian’s Wall — a massive defensive structure marking the northern border of their empire. These innovations not only managed conflicts with Celtic tribe’s but also laid the foundation for future cultural exchanges. Today, this legacy of blending old and new remains evident. For instance, the British Parliament maintains strict dress codes requiring formal suits and robed (长袍) during sessions, symbolizing respect for tradition. Meanwhile, modern Britain embraced literary festivals and experimental theater productions, reflecting its dynamic engagement with contemporary artistic expression. However, navigating cultural differences remains challenging. In international business settings, British professionals often prioritize building trust through indirect communication and tea-break small talk, while their American counterparts favor straightforward discussions to get straight to the point. Research by the London Business School (2022) reveals that 68 % of cross-Atlantic negotiations face delays due to these contrasting styles. Americans may interpret British politeness as in decision, whereas Britons perceive American directness as impersonal and overlay focused only on business deals. Language differences further test cultural sensitivity. A simple phrase like “I’ll consider it” in British English often means a polite refusal, whereas Americans might take it literally as openness to further discussion. Even gestures differ: maintaining eye contact is seen as confident in the U. S. But may be viewed as aggressive in some British contexts. To address these challenges, educational institutions play a key role. Universities like Oxford and Cambridge now offer courses such as “Global Communication Strategies,” where students role-play negotiation scene’s and analyze case studies of multinational corporations. Such training emphasized empathy, active listening, and adapting communication styles to diverse audiences. As globalization continued to erase borders, mastering these skills becomes not just beneficial but essential for building a more inclusive world. 28．What can be known about the purpose of the Romans building Hadrian’s Wall? A．To establish trade routed with Celtic tribes. B．To mark the southern border of the Roman Empire. C．To showcase advanced architectural skills. D．To manage conflicts and control territory. 29．What can be inferred about British and American negotiation style from Paragraph 3? A．Their differences may lead to misunderstandings. B．They both value long-term relationships equally. C．Americans prefer indirect communication. D．British negotiators focus on short-term gains. 30．What does the word “impersonal” mean in the context of American negotiators? A．Friendly and emotional. B．Aggressive and rude. C．Emotionally distant and formal. D．Humorous and casual. 31．What might the author discuss next regarding cross-cultural communication training? A．The history of Roman education systems. B．Specific methods used in university coursed. C．How technology replaces traditional teaching. D．Economic costs of cultural misunderstandings. （二） （2025·湖南省一起考·二模 ） Recently, I observed how socio-cultural forces can restrict personal choices, as some people fear rejection from their communities if they act differently. Social cohesion (融合) is woven into the fabric of our lives, so in closely integrated communities, that would mean losing everything. Making choices that differ from those of most people around us is definitely a risky strategy to take. Anything that distracts us from the safety and comfort brought by the sense of belonging shakes us to our very core. We are a complex social species, and there are social rules that create stability. We, like other social species, will move toward an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS), a behavioral strategy in a population that, once established, cannot easily be replaced by alternative strategies because it provides a high level of stability and success. We often make decisions by unconsciously reviewing what people around us are doing, and then do the same thing. Being different is uncomfortable. However, there are always individuals who bring innovation. Think about the first macaque monkey on an isolated island that walked into the water carrying a sweet potato and washed it in the ocean. Over time, other monkeys in its group adopted this behavior, which became a part of their culture and has even been passed down through generations. This kind of new approach requires courage, creativity, a strong will, and the willingness to be rejected. Innovation can solve a problem in a new way, create a social and cultural impact felt by later generations, or result in the grandest love you might ever encounter. Life is scary, and life is uncertain. It’s natural to try to hold on to what we know to feel secure. But someone recently said to me, “If all you know extends only the length of your nose, you don’t know very much at all.” True understanding requires looking beyond personal experiences or surroundings to gain a more complete view of the world. Not being able to choose freely or be different holds back everyone’s progress. 32．What does “that” underlined in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Weakening one’s bonds with the community. B．Relying on the protection of one’s community. C．Taking a different path within one’s community D．Being frightened by the rejection from their communities. 33．What is the psychological effect of being different from others? A．It causes discomfort. B．It increases creativity. C．It strengthens social bonds. D．It improves decision-making skills. 34．Why does the author mention the macaque monkey? A．To show that monkeys have complex social rule. B．To explain the motivation behind monkey evolution. C．To highlight the importance of community support. D．To demonstrate the power of individual innovation. 35．What is the main argument of the text? A．Creativity ensures community stability. B．Being different may encourage progress. C．Success comes from facing the fear of rejection. D．Humans and monkeys share similar social structures. （三） （2025·长郡中学·二模 ） If you ever feel that the world is against you, you are not alone. We all have a tendency to assume that when anything goes wrong, the fault lies within some great intrigue (诡计) against us. If a co-worker fails the deadline, they must be trying to ruin career. When WiFi in a coffee shop is not working, the staff must be lying about having it to attract you in. But the simple fact is that these explanations, which we tend to jump to, are barely true. Maybe your co-worker thought today was Tuesday, not Wednesday. Maybe the WiFi router was just broken. This is where Hanlon’s razor comes in — a useful mental model that never credits to intentional harm that can be fully explained by ignorance. Applying Hanlon’s razor, a useful tool for rapid decision-making and intelligent comprehension, in our day-to-day lives allows us to become less judgmental, and improve reasoning skills. Meanwhile, Hanlon’s razor allows us to give people the benefit of the doubt, have more empathy (同理心) and teaches us not to assume the worst intention in the actions of others, the value of which is most pronounced in relationships, business matters, and personal happiness. We all lead complex lives where things are constantly going wrong. When this occurs, a common response is to blame the nearest person and assume they have bad intention. However, when someone messes up around us, we forget how many times we, too, have done the same. Instead, the perpetrator becomes a source of intense annoyance. To assume intention in such a situation is likely to worsen the problem. None of us can ever know what someone else wants to happen. Inability or ignorance is far more likely to be the cause than the desire to hurt. When a situation causes us to become angry or upset, it can be valuable to consider if those emotions are justified. Often, the best way to react to other people causing us problems is by seeking to educate them, not to dismiss them. In this way, we can avoid repeats of the same situation. 28．How do people typically react to failures according to the text? A．Face true ill intention. B．Shift current situations. C．Misplace blame on others. D．Seek trustworthy persons. 29．What does Hanlon’s razor refer to? A．It identifies who is to blame. B．It is a device for router repair. C．It avoids assuming harm by ignorance. D．It is an approach for colleague’s fault. 30．What does the underlined word “perpetrator” in paragraph 4 mean? A．An error maker. B．An issue fixer. C．A blame sharer. D．A familiar person. 31．What will probably be discussed next in the text? A．How to control the bad emotions. B．How to instruct others effectively. C．How to change the nervous relationship. D．How to avoid reappearance of the same situation. 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 说明文、议论文阅读 说明文 （一） （2025·湖南·二模 ） C Google used its artificial intelligence-powered weather forecasting tools to precisely predict floods up to a week in advance of them happening. In a new paper published in the scientific journal Nature, Google’s researchers describe this as an early warning system that could be used throughout the world, not only to predict or recognize natural disasters but also to buffer the worst effects of what is one of the most common types of natural disasters. Flooding can be difficult to accurately predict, particularly riverine floods, due to a lack of resources and data related to flood history, water levels, and terrain (地形). AI use in weather forecasting is nothing new. Still, the rise of more powerful processors and larger data sets is allowing for new scales of prediction, including a new Nvidia digital Earth. A small percentage of global rivers have streamflow gauges (测量仪) which can be used to warn people if the volume of water flowing through the river changes. When combined with other points such as the local terrain, settlements near the river, weather forecasting, and historical events on the same river, data can be used to predict flooding. Google researchers gathered as much global data as they could access and trained new AI models to analyze them. Afterwards, those models could then make predictions for those regions where data might be considerably limited or even nonexistent. The team launched a Flood Hub platform, which provided access to forecasts in 20countries where flood forecasting had been difficult in the past. The platform collected seemingly unrelated information which was available locally, fed it into the AI system as a reminder, and ordered the AI to fill in the gaps and then classify data. So far Flood Hub has been expanded to 80 countries in Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europea, and the Americas, covering over 460 million people globally, particularly those in communities suffering from flooding. “Where possible, we also provide forecasts in Google Search and Google Maps and via Android warnings.” the Google team declared. 28．What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 1? A．Dismiss. B．Relieve. C．Perceive. D．Track. 29．Why is it hard to predict flooding? A．Relevant records are absent. B．Gauges are far from precise. C．AI is new to weather forecasting. D．Former studies are of little worth. 30．What can we know about flooding-forecasting AI models? A．They are accessible to global data. B．They are very quick in data analysis. C．They can ensure the reliability of data. D．They can break geographical limitations. 31．What does Paragraph 4 focus on about Flood Hub platform? A．Its designing principles. B．Its operating difficulties. C．Its dilemma and application. D．Its mechanism and popularity. 参考答案 28．B 29．A 30．D 31．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了谷歌使用人工智能预测洪水。 28．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In a new paper published in the scientific journal Nature, Google’s researchers describe this as an early warning system that could be used throughout the world, not only to predict or recognize natural disasters but also to (在科学杂志《自然》上发表的一篇新论文中，谷歌的研究人员将其描述为一种可以在全世界范围内使用的早期预警系统，不仅可以预测或识别自然灾害，还可以)”以及后文“the worst effects of what is one of the most common types of natural disasters. (最常见的自然灾害之一的最严重影响。)”可知，谷歌的这个人工智能天气预报工具是一个早期预警系统，这个可以用于世界各地，不仅能预测或识别自然灾害，也缓解自然灾害中最常见类型之一的最严重后果。“relieve”与“buffer”意思相近，即译为“缓解”。故选B。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段“Flooding can be difficult to accurately predict, particularly riverine floods, due to a lack of resources and data related to flood history, water levels, and terrain. (由于缺乏与洪水历史、水位和地形相关的资源和数据，洪水可能难以准确预测，尤其是河流洪水。)”可知，洪水难以预测，特别是河流洪水，是因为缺乏与洪水历史、水位和地形相关的资源和数据，所以相关记录是不足的。故选A。 30．推理判断题。根据第三段“Google researchers gathered as much global data as they could access and trained new AI models to analyze them. Afterwards, those models could then make predictions for those regions where data might be considerably limited or even nonexistent. (谷歌的研究人员收集了尽可能多的全球数据，并训练了新的人工智能模型来分析这些数据。然后，这些模型可以对那些数据可能相当有限甚至不存在的地区进行预测。)”可知，AI模型可以打破地理的界限。故选D。 31．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The team launched a Flood Hub platform, which provided access to forecasts in 20countries where flood forecasting had been difficult in the past. The platform collected seemingly unrelated information which was available locally, fed it into the AI system as a reminder, and ordered the AI to fill in the gaps and then classify data. So far Flood Hub has been expanded to 80 countries in Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europea, and the Americas, covering over 460 million people globally, particularly those in communities suffering from flooding. “Where possible, we also provide forecasts in Google Search and Google Maps and via Android warnings.” the Google team declared. (该团队启动了一个洪水中心平台，该平台提供了过去难以预测洪水的20个国家的预报。该平台收集本地可用的看似不相关的信息，将其作为提醒输入人工智能系统，并命令人工智能填补空白，然后对数据进行分类。到目前为止，洪水中心已经扩展到非洲、亚太、欧洲和美洲的80个国家，覆盖了全球4.6亿多人，特别是那些遭受洪水袭击的社区。“在可能的情况下，我们还通过谷歌搜索和谷歌地图以及Android警告提供天气预报。”谷歌团队宣布。)”可知，该段关于Flood Hub platform的关注点在于它的机制原理和受欢迎程度。故选D。 D Symbolic interactionism is a sociological perspective that examines how individuals use symbols to communicate and create social reality. Founded by sociologists like George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley, the theory focuses on micro-level interactions between individuals, emphasizing the importance of symbols in these exchanges. Unlike other sociological perspectives that focus on larger structures, symbolic interactionism looks at how individual actions shape social structures through meaning-making processes. It suggests that individuals act based on the meanings they attach to objects, people, and situations. These meanings, in turn, are constructed and improved through social interactions. Symbols, such as language, gestures, and objects, are central to this process, as they provide the medium through which individuals understand and interpret the social world. A symbol, in the context of symbolic interactionism, is anything that carries meaning beyond its literal form. It could be a word, gesture, object, or even a social role. Symbols are not naturally meaningful; rather, their meanings are socially constructed and learned through interaction. For example, a handshake is not just a physical act but a symbol of greeting, agreement, or friendship in many cultures. Compared with saying hello, shaking hands has more unexpected effects. Symbols are essential for human communication and interaction. They allow individuals to convey complex ideas, emotions, and intentions in a way that is understood by others. Language, for instance, is a system of symbols that allows people to communicate abstract concepts like love, justice, and freedom. Without symbols, human interaction would be limited to immediate, visible experiences. One of the most important ways symbols function in social interaction is through the construction of identity. Individuals employ symbols to express who they are and how they relate to the world around them. The clothes one wears are symbols, which signal one’s profession, social status, or even personal beliefs and preferences. For example, a doctor’s white coat symbolizes medical authority, while a business suit might symbolize professionalism. So have you got the magic of symbols? 32．What’s the function of Paragraph 1? A．To explain how to relate to others. B．To define symbolic interactionism. C．To tell how symbolic interactionism formed. D．To compare varied sociological perspectives. 33．What does the author imply about symbols? A．They indicate how humans feel. B．Their meanings remain the same. C．Their forms are coined by humans. D．They strengthen what words convey. 34．What would happen without symbols? A．Costs of comprehension would rise. B．Social justice would no longer exist. C．Human interaction would be ceased. D．People would become caged birds. 35．Which conduct can reveal the identity of symbols’ users? A．A rich employer lights a cigarette. B．Policemen gesture to direct traffic. C．Students paint on school uniforms. D．A doctor raises money for patients. 参考答案： 32．B 33．D 34．A 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是符号互动论的核心概念及其在社会互动中的重要作用。 32．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Symbolic interactionism is a sociological perspective that examines how individuals use symbols to communicate and create social reality.(符号互动论是一种社会学视角，研究个人如何使用符号进行交流并创造社会现实)”以及下文对符号互动论的创始人及其内容的概述可知，第一段的主要功能是对符号互动论进行定义。故选B项。 33．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“For example, a handshake is not just a physical act but a symbol of greeting, agreement, or friendship in many cultures. Compared with saying hello, shaking hands has more unexpected effects.(例如，握手不仅是一个物理行为，在许多文化中它还象征着问候、协议或友谊。与说‘你好’相比，握手有更多意想不到的效果)”可知，握手也是一个符号，比起说“你好”，握手有更多意想不到的效果，这说明符号可以加强话语表达的效果。故选D项。 34．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Without symbols, human interaction would be limited to immediate, visible experiences.(没有符号，人类互动将局限于即时的、可见的经验)”可知，没有符号会导致理解成本上升，因为复杂的概念无法通过符号传递。故选A项。 35．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Individuals employ symbols to express who they are and how they relate to the world around them. The clothes one wears are symbols, which signal one’s profession, social status, or even personal beliefs and preferences. (个体通过符号来表达自己的身份以及他们与周围世界的关系。一个人所穿的衣服就是一种符号，它可以传递其职业、社会地位，甚至是个人信仰和偏好。)”可知，个人使用符号来表达他们是谁，以及他们如何与周围的世界建立联系，一个人所穿的衣服就是一种符号，可以揭示使用者的身份和职业特征，由此可知，警察打手势指挥交通的行为能体现符号的社会功能。故选B项。 （二） （2025·湖南衡阳·二模 ） C Fears about climate change and global conflict destroying plant species and changing the face of the planet have prompted environmentalists and researchers to send 30,000 new seed samples to a “doomsday vault (末日种子库)” on a remote Norwegian island in the Arctic Ocean. The Svalbard Global Seed Vault on Spitsbergen Island, buried so deep inside a mountain as to withstand nuclear war and other disasters, was constructed to reestablish plant life following a worldwide disaster. Opened in 2008, the Svalbard Vault serves as a backup for the world’s gene banks, which store the genetic codes of thousands of plant species. It remains naturally cold due to a surrounding layer of permafrost (永冻土层). “Climate change and conflict threaten infrastructure and impact food security for over 700 million people in more than 75 countries worldwide,” Stefan Schmitz, an organizer of the facility, said. “Gene banks are stepping up efforts to back up seed collections, and we are proud to support them by providing a safe place in Norway.” Recent deposits include seeds for vegetables and herbs from the Union of Agrioultural Work Committees in Palestine, seeds from farmers in Bolivia, and samples for 1,145 types of maize, rice, sesame, and sorghum from Chad, which are able to endure extreme heat and arid conditions and can be invaluable to countries impacted by global warming. While the seed bank could benefit the entire planet, it is being run and funded by the Norwegian government, in partnership with the Crop Trust and the Nordic Genetic Resource Center. The vault, which cost $ 8.8 million to build, is free to use for depositors wanting to store seeds that could be used to reestablish crop lines after their disappearance because of natural or unnatural disasters. Lise Lykke Steffensen, executive director of the Nordic Genetic Resource Center said, “Humanity depends on a wide diversity of genetic resources to meet future challenges. Therefore, it is comforting that many gene banks choose to be part of this seed deposit. The Svalbard Vault has an important purpose to secure these valuable collections, not least given the state of the world today.” 28．What is the purpose of establishing the Seed Vault? A．To provide seeds to plant on the islands. B．To endure nuclear war and other disasters. C．To store seeds for scientific research. D．To bring plant life back after a big catastrophe. 29．What can we learn from the seeds recently deposited? A．They’re all from developed countries. B．They’re grown only in cold climates. C．They’re valuable for medical purposes. D．They’re used to defend extreme weather. 30．Who can use the Seed Vault for free? A．Farmers from Palestine, Bolivia and Chad. B．Any organization interested in planting seeds. C．Organizations or individuals depositing seeds. D．The Union of Agricultural Work Committees. 31．What’s the Lise Lykke Steffensen’s attitude towards the seed deposit? A．Approving. B．Critical. C．Neutral. D．Indifferent. 参考答案 28．D 29．D 30．C 31．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于北冰洋的挪威一个偏远岛屿的“末日种子库”即Svalbard Global Seed Vault的功能及重要意义。 28．细节理解题。根据第二段“The Svalbard Global Seed Vault on Spitsbergen Island, buried so deep inside a mountain as to withstand nuclear war and other disasters, was constructed to reestablish plant life following a worldwide disaster.(Spitsbergen岛上的Svalbard Global Seed Vault深埋在一座山中，可以抵御核战争和其他灾难，是为了在一场全球性灾难后重建植物生命而建造的)”可知，这个种子库的主要目的是在全球灾难后能够重建植物生命。故选D。 29．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Recent deposits include seeds for vegetables and herbs from the Union of Agrioultural Work Committees in Palestine, seeds from farmers in Bolivia, and samples for 1,145 types of maize, rice, sesame, and sorghum from Chad, which are able to endure extreme heat and arid conditions and can be invaluable to countries impacted by global warming.(最近的储备包括来自巴勒斯坦农业工作委员会联盟的蔬菜和草药种子，玻利维亚农民的种子，以及来自Chad的1145种玉米、大米、芝麻和高粱的样品，这些品种能够承受极端高温和干旱条件，对受全球变暖影响的国家来说是非常宝贵的)”可知，最近存放的种子能够抵御炎热、干燥的环境，对受全球变暖影响的国家非常有价值，故选D。 30．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The vault, which cost $8.8 million to build, is free to use for depositors wanting to store seeds that could be used to reestablish crop lines after their disappearance because of natural or unnatural disasters.(该种子库耗资880万美元，可供存款人免费使用，存款人希望储存种子，以便在因自然或非自然灾害而消失的作物品种恢复)”可知，储存种子的组织或个人可以免费使用种子库。故选C。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Therefore, it is comforting that many gene banks choose to be part of this seed deposit. The Svalbard Vault has an important purpose to secure these valuable collections, not least given the state of the world today.(因此，令人欣慰的是，许多基因库选择成为这个种子库的一部分。Svalbard Vault的重要目的是保护这些珍贵的收藏品，尤其是考虑到当今世界的状况)”可知，她认为许多基因库选择参与种子储存这件事让人欣慰，种子库肩负着保护这些珍贵收藏的重要使命。由此推知，Lise Lykke Steffensen对种子库的态度是赞成的。故选A。 D A group of researchers has published new findings in Science on potential risks from the development of mirror bacteria - synthetic organisms in which all molecules (分子) have reversed chirality (i.e. are “mirrored”) (反向手性). Scientists had begun early work toward creating mirror bacteria, and while the capability is at least a decade away, recent years have seen significant progress. The new paper finds that, if created, these organisms may pose significant dangers to humans, animals, plants, and environmental health. The 38 authors working in nine countries include leading experts in immunology, plant pathology and so on. The publication in Science is accompanied by a detailed 300-page technical report. While any threat is not approaching, the Science paper finds that mirror bacteria may pose serious risks. Immune defenses in humans, animals, and plants rely on identifying particular molecular geometries found in invading bacteria. If these shapes were reflected - as they would be uniquely in mirror bacteria - recognition would be impaired (受损的) and many basic immune defenses could fail, potentially leaving organisms vulnerable to infection. The analysis also suggests that mirror bacteria in the environment may be able to evade (逃避) natural predators like phages, which rely heavily on chirally-mediated interactions to kill bacteria and limit their populations. Transport via animals and humans could enable spread between diverse ecosystems. Persistent and widespread environmental populations of mirror bacteria would expose humans, animals and plants to an ongoing risk of infection - a serious threat to humans and to global ecosystems. The authors call for further inspection of their findings and conclude that, unless compelling evidence emerges that these organisms would not pose extraordinary dangers, mirror bacteria should not be created. This paper marks a starting point for a broader discussion about the risks from mirror bacteria, including participation from the global scientific community, policymakers, research funders, and other stakeholders. Several of the authors on the paper are involved in planning a series of events throughout 2025 to inspect the findings of the paper and discuss steps that can be taken to prevent risks from mirror bacteria. 32．What is the characteristic of mirror bacteria? A．They are made up of mirror molecules. B．Their molecules have opposite chirality. C．They are active in a mirrored environment. D．They can change their molecular structure. 33．What can we learn about mirror bacteria from paragraph 2? A．They will come out very soon. B．They will barely harm creatures. C．They will be made no less than a decade. D．They will have an effect in ten years. 34．What consequence might mirror bacteria bring according to the new findings? A．Natural predators can’t kill them. B．Their molecules are the same as normal bacteria’s. C．Immune defenses can’t tell their molecular shapes. D．Immune protection can be impaired directly by them. 35．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Creation of Mirror Bacteria B．Mirror Bacteria: Risks and Global Responses C．Scientists’ New Findings on Bacterial Infection D．The Effect of Mirror Bacteria on Immune Systems 参考答案 32．B 33．C 34．C 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究人员的新发现，提出了镜像细菌的风险以及全球各界的应对举措。 32．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A group of researchers has published new findings in Science on potential risks from the development of mirror bacteria - synthetic organisms in which all molecules (分子) have reversed chirality (i. e. are “mirrored”) (反向手性). (一组研究人员在《科学》杂志上发表了关于镜像细菌发展的潜在风险的新发现，镜像细菌是一种合成生物，其中所有分子都具有反向手性（即“镜像”）。)”可知，镜像细菌的主要特征是所有分子具有反向手性。故选B。 33．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Scientists had begun early work toward creating mirror bacteria, and while the capability is at least a decade away, recent years have seen significant progress. (科学家们已经开始了创造镜像细菌的早期工作，虽然这种能力至少还需要十年的时间，但近年来已经取得了重大进展。)”可知，科学家们早就开始了创建镜像细菌的前期工作，尽管至少还需要十年时间才有创造镜像细菌的能力，故选C。 34．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Immune defenses in humans, animals, and plants rely on identifying particular molecular geometries found in invading bacteria. If these shapes were reflected - as they would be uniquely in mirror bacteria - recognition would be impaired (受损的) and many basic immune defenses could fail, potentially leaving organisms vulnerable to infection. (人类、动物和植物的免疫防御依赖于识别入侵细菌中的特定分子几何形状。如果这些形状被反射出来——它们在镜像细菌中是独一无二的——识别就会受损，许多基本的免疫防御就会失效，可能会使生物体容易受到感染。)”可知，镜像细菌可能会带来的后果是免疫系统无法分辨它们的分子形状。故选C。 35．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“A group of researchers has published new findings in Science on potential risks from the development of mirror bacteria - synthetic organisms in which all molecules (分子) have reversed chirality (i.e. are “mirrored”) (反向手性). (一组研究人员在《科学》杂志上发表了关于镜像细菌发展的潜在风险的新发现，镜像细菌是一种合成生物，其中所有分子都具有反向手性（即“镜像”）。)”和最后一段“This paper marks a starting point for a broader discussion about the risks from mirror bacteria, including participation from the global scientific community, policymakers, research funders, and other stakeholders. Several of the authors on the paper are involved in planning a series of events throughout 2025 to inspect the findings of the paper and discuss steps that can be taken to prevent risks from mirror bacteria. (这篇论文标志着关于镜像细菌风险的更广泛讨论的起点，包括全球科学界、政策制定者、研究资助者和其他利益相关者的参与。这篇论文的几位作者参与了2025年的一系列活动计划，以检查论文的发现，并讨论可以采取的措施，以防止镜像细菌的风险。)”可知，本文主要讲的是关于镜像细菌（mirror bacteria）潜在风险的研究发现以及刊登这个发现的论文标志着关于镜像细菌风险的更广泛讨论的起点，因此最好的标题是B选项“Mirror Bacteria: Risks and Global Responses (镜像细菌：风险和全球反应)”。故选B。 （三） （2025·湖南邵阳·二模 ） Accurate carbon tracking is critical for fighting climate change, yet traditional methods lack reliability due to systemic weaknesses. Companies self-report energy use and supply chains — process likely to involve human errors and intentional mis reporting. A 2023 bun study found 34 % of industrial carbon records had errors, like an Indonesian palm oil factory over reporting emissions by 21 % due to calculation mistakes. Block chain technology, a secure and distributed digital system, offers effective solutions to these problems through three key approaches: Shared Data Confirmation Internet-connected sensors installed in factories and transport vehicle automatically record real-time emission data. In Argentina, a biofuel plant reduced carbon leaks by 37 % after adopting sensors that check gas levels every 15 minutes. The collected data is instantly shared across a block chain network. Secure Records Confirmed data is stored in digital units arranged by time order, which cannot be changed. During a 2025 official check in Malaysia, a rubber factory’s carbon emission reports showed almost the same results as expert tests (difference below 0. 2 %). This accuracy came from Blockchain’s automatic time records and data that cannot be edited, making the information trust worthy for years. Automatic Rule Checks Pre-programmed digital rules enforce emission limits. When a Philippine electronics factory exceeded its carbon quota by 14 % in 2024, block chain systems immediately suspended its export permits. The factory was required to purchase confirmed carbon credits within 36 hours to continue operations. A multinational textile group reduced reporting errors by 72 % across 18 countries using block chain. Farmers in Bangladesh now share remotely checked water usage data, while factories in Vietnam track energy consumption with smart sensors. Inspectors can access standardized reports through block chain system, cutting inspection time from 25 days to 45 hours — a 64 % efficiency improvement. Initial setup costs average $200, 000 per factory, but global environmental programs offer financial support to small businesses. Training remains a major challenge: 48 % of factory managers lack block chain operational skills. Despite these difficulties, 90 % of major economies plan to require block chain-based carbon reporting by 2028. Experts predict block chain will transform carbon management from government duty into a strategic advantage for sustainable businesses worldwide. Personally, blank chain will become the global standard for emission tracking within the next decade. 32．What is the primary issue with traditional carbon reporting? A．Human-related data in accuracies. B．Frequent equipment breakdowns. C．Lack of financial support. D．Over use of advanced technology. 33．What can be inferred from the Malaysian rubber factory example? A．Block chain works best in large industries. B．Block chain re moves third-party checks. C．Block chain standardized cross-border reporting. D．Block chain ensured highly accurate data. 34．What is probably the author’s attitude to the blockchain’s future challenge? A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. 35．Which title best summarized the passage? A．Blockchain: The High Costs of Modern Technology. B．Blockchain: Transforming Carbon Data Reliability. C．Blockchain: Old as New Energy Reporting Systems. D．Blockchain: Government Strategies for Climate issued. 参考答案 32．A 33．D 34．C 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了区块链技术如何通过共享数据确认、安全记录和自动规则检查等方式提高碳追踪的可靠性，并探讨了其未来的发展前景和挑战。 32．细节理解题。根据第一段“Companies self-report energy use and supply chains — process likely to involve human errors and intentional mis reporting.(公司自我报告能源使用和供应链——这一过程可能涉及人为错误和故意误报)”可知，传统碳报告的主要问题是人为导致的数据不准确。故选A。 33．推理判断题。根据第四段“During a 2025 official check in Malaysia, a rubber factory’s carbon emission reports showed almost the same results as expert tests(difference below 0. 2 %)This accuracy came from Blockchain’s automatic time records and data that cannot be edited, making the information trust worthy for years.(在2025年马来西亚的一次官方检查中，一家橡胶工厂的碳排放报告与专家测试的结果几乎相同，差异低于0.2%。这种准确性来自于区块链的自动时间记录和不可编辑的数据，使得信息多年来值得信赖)”可知，区块链确保了数据的极高准确性。故选D。 34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite these difficulties, 90 % of major economies plan to require block chain-based carbon reporting by 2028. Experts predict block chain will transform carbon management from government duty into a strategic advantage for sustainable businesses worldwide.(尽管存在这些困难，90%的主要经济体计划到2028年要求基于区块链的碳报告。专家预测，区块链将把碳管理从政府职责转变为全球可持续企业的战略优势)”可知，作者对区块链的未来持乐观态度。故选C。 35．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了区块链技术如何通过共享数据确认、安全记录和自动规则检查等方式提高碳追踪的可靠性，并探讨了其未来的发展前景和挑战。所以短文的标题为“区块链：提升碳数据可靠性”。故选B。 （四） （2025·湖南省新高考教学教研联盟·二模 ） C Your mouse pauses over the “purchase now” button, or you’ve written the text but can’t quite bring yourself to press “send”. You hesitate. Our culture values execution. We are big on “going for it”. This might be an unpopular opinion, but I think there’s a lot of wisdom in listening to our hesitation. Our minds are powerful and important, but so are our bodies. We don’t always make it a practice to listen to our bodies. When we’re paying attention, we have access to a lot of nonrational information. Hesitation can be a signal that there’s something we haven’t considered yet, some hidden information we really need. When we walk up to the door but don’t quite want to open it, it might be a good idea to pause and consider what’s going on in our bodies. Is there something we haven’t been paying attention to? When you notice yourself hesitating, you’re not in an enthusiastic “yes”. An enthusiastic “yes” means every part of you — heart, mind, body, soul — is ready and willing to do the thing. Hesitation means a part of you isn’t quite sure. That doesn’t necessarily mean it’s a “no”, either. Sometimes that part is fearful, perhaps because of past experiences. If our rational minds know that it’s perfectly safe, we may simply need to reassure that part and move forward. That hesitation could also come from a part that knows, on some level, that we’re rushing, that this isn’t the best option, and that we’re not quite sure. We may need to gather more information or ensure that we have actually looked at all the other options. One way that we can assist ourselves with a specific decision is to notice when there’s hesitation and, if you have the time, wait. Sleep on it. Give it a week, even. Check back in with the decision you thought you made and see if anything feels different. Another interesting way is to walk up to the door of it. Take action as if you had already made the decision and, before it’s irreversible, of course, notice how it feels to walk that path. That may give you more information than thinking ever could. 28．What does the underlined word “execution” mean in the second paragraph? A．Thinking. B．Doing. C．Creating. D．Delaying. 29．What brings about hesitation according to the passage? A．Inner fear. B．Indifference. C．The best option. D．Complete rejection. 30．What can help us with a wise decision when facing hesitation? A．Asking for others’ help. B．Stickıng to our decision. C．Sleeping until it disappears. D．Postponing taking actions. 31．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Tips on Action Plans. B．Wisdom of Hesitation. C．Ways to Avoid Hesitation. D．Guidance on Purchase. 参考答案 28．B 29．A 30．D 31．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了在我们的文化中人们普遍重视行动，但作者认为倾听我们内心的犹豫也蕴含着许多智慧，详细阐述了犹豫产生的原因，并介绍了面对犹豫时做出明智决定的方法。 28．词义猜测题。根据第二段 “We are big on “going for it”.(我们热衷于 “放手去做”)”，可知，我们的文化重视执行。由此可推测 “execution” 意思与 “做” 相近。故选 B。 29．细节理解题。根据第四段 “Hesitation means a part of you isn’t quite sure. That doesn’t necessarily mean it’s a “no”, either. Sometimes that part is fearful, perhaps because of past experiences..(犹豫意味着你的一部分不是很确定。这并不一定意味着它是一个“不”。有时候，那部分是出于恐惧，也许是因为过去的经历)”可知，犹豫可能来自内心的恐惧。故选 A。 30．细节理解题。根据第五段“One way that we can assist ourselves with a specific decision is to notice when there’s hesitation and, if you have the time, wait. Sleep on it. Give it a week, even. Check back in with the decision you thought you made and see if anything feels different.(有一种方法可以帮助我们做出特定的决定，那就是当我们注意到自己犹豫时，如果有时间的话，就等待。先放一放这个决定。甚至可以等上一周。回过头来看看你认为自己已经做出的决定，看看是否有什么感觉不同)”可知，当我们面对犹豫时，推迟采取行动，即等待一段时间再做决定，有助于我们做出明智的决定。故选 D。 31．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第二段“Our culture values execution. We are big on “going for it”. This might be an unpopular opinion, but I think there’s a lot of wisdom in listening to our hesitation.(我们的文化重视执行力。我们热衷于“放手去做”。这可能是一个不受欢迎的观点，但我认为倾听我们的犹豫是很有智慧的)”文章主要论述了在我们的文化中人们普遍重视行动，但作者认为倾听我们内心的犹豫也蕴含着许多智慧，详细阐述了犹豫产生的原因，并介绍了面对犹豫时做出明智决定的方法。整体围绕 “犹豫的智慧” 展开论述。所以短文的标题为“犹豫的智慧”。故选B。 D Passing quietly away from sudden heartbreak is a theme that pops up in myth and fantasy. In the Star Wars universe, Padmé Amidala may have died of a broken heart after her husband turned to the dark side. Shakespeare’s King Lear gives in to heartbreak after hearing of the death of his precious Cordelia. Drama aside, it’s possible these characters fell to Takotsubo Syndrome (章鱼壶综合征) — a short, intense dysfunction in the heart’s left ventricle (心室). It can occur after extreme emotional or physical stress, making “heartbreak” both real and potentially deadly. While dying of heartbreak has been a popular theme in fiction for a long time, clinicians only began documenting real cases in the 1960s. As imaging technology improved, doctors could directly study the hearts of affected patients. In many, the left ventricle — the part that pumps oxygenated blood to the body — balloons out. The outline reminded Japanese clinicians of a takotsubo, a round jar for catching octopuses. In 1990, cardiologist Hikaru Sato and his colleagues, at Hiroshima City Hospital proposed the term Takotsubo to describe the condition. What sparks it is still something of a mystery. One hypothesis is that an acute painful event causes a surge of stress hormones. As the left ventricle is especially rich in receptors for these chemicals, a sudden flood could cause the tense muscle to become loose and swollen, making it incapable of delivering enough blood to the body. Another hypothesis is that a stress response “stuns” the heart temporarily, With the majority of cases observed in aging women, it’s also possible that declining estrogen (雌激素) plays a role. Though severe, Takotsubo is remarkably short-lived and typically not deadly. About 4 percent of sufferers die, while about 75 percent fully recover after 10 days. “It’s absolutely incredible,” said Trisha Singh, a cardiologist at University Hospitals Dorset in England. “I remember seeing a lady with her left ventricular function severely damaged, but when I came back and rescanned her six hours later, it had gone from severely damaged to almost mildly impaired to almost normal.” Standard care is to treat the patient for heart failure, “But now, more recently, especially with seeing some people recover so rapidly, it raises a question;” Singh says. “Should we even be bothering with trying to put people on these medications? Are they even going to do any good?” It’s possible that with basic medical support for the patient, the heart may unbreak itself. 32．What can we learn about Takotsubo Syndrome? A．It has effects mostly on young men. B．It is a permanent, incurable heart condition. C．It is an extreme reaction to sudden pressure. D．It is a fictional scene only in movies and plays. 33．What contributes to the naming of the Syndrome? A．That the jar is used to treat the Syndrome. B．That octopuses are known to cause the Syndrome. C．That the shape of the attacked heart resembles the jar. D．That the Syndrome was first discovered by Japanese fishermen. 34．What is unrelated to the possible cause of the Syndrome? A．The burst of blood. B．The reduced estrogen. C．The increasing hormone. D．The non-functional muscle. 35．What is Dr. Singh’s attitude towards the recovery through medications? A．Casual. B．Pessimistic. C．Favorable. D．Skeptical. 参考答案 32．C 33．C 34．A 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“章鱼壶综合征（Takotsubo Syndrome）”的医学背景、症状、可能的成因及其治疗情况，探讨了情感压力对心脏健康的影响。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段“It can occur after extreme emotional or physical stress, making “heartbreak” both real and potentially deadly.(它可能发生在极端的情绪或身体压力之后，使“心碎”既真实又可能致命)”可知，章鱼壶综合征是一种对突然压力的极端反应。故选C。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段“In many, the left ventricle — the part that pumps oxygenated blood to the body — balloons out. The outline reminded Japanese clinicians of a takotsubo, a round jar for catching octopuses.(在许多情况下，左心室——向身体泵送含氧血液的部位——会膨胀。这个外形让日本的临床医生想起了takotsubo，一种用来捕捉章鱼的圆形罐子)”可知，患病心脏的形状和捕捉章鱼的罐子很像导致了这种综合症的命名。故选C。 34．细节理解题。根据第四段“What sparks it is still something of a mystery. One hypothesis is that an acute painful event causes a surge of stress hormones. As the left ventricle is especially rich in receptors for these chemicals, a sudden flood could cause the tense muscle to become loose and swollen, making it incapable of delivering enough blood to the body. Another hypothesis is that a stress response “stuns” the heart temporarily, With the majority of cases observed in aging women, it’s also possible that declining estrogen (雌激素) plays a role.(是什么引起了它，这仍然是个谜。一种假设是，急性疼痛事件会导致应激激素激增。由于左心室特别富含这些化学物质的受体，应激激素的突然增加可能会导致紧张的肌肉变得松弛和肿胀，使其无法向身体输送足够的血液。另一种假设是，压力反应暂时“麻痹”了心脏。在大多数老年女性中观察到的病例中，雌激素下降也可能起作用)”可知，文中从未提到“血液的爆发”与该综合征的病因有关，故选A。 35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Should we even be bothering with trying to put people on these medications? Are they even going to do any good?(我们是否应该费心尝试让人们服用这些药物？他们会有什么好处吗？)”可知，她对药物治疗的必要性持怀疑态度，故选D。 （五） （2025·湖南省一起考·二模 ） Rice, one of the most consumed staple foods globally, holds a universal appeal that goes beyond cultural and geographical boundaries. This humble grain, grown in over 100 countries, is a primary food source for more than half of the world’s population. As one of the oldest cultivated crops, rice has played a central role in shaping cooking traditions, economies, and cultures around the world. Archaeological evidence suggests that rice was first grown over 10,000 years ago in the regions of ancient China and India. It has since spread globally, becoming a necessary part of numerous cultures. The spread of rice cultivation followed ancient trade routes, reaching the Middle East, Africa and eventually Europe and the Americas. In China and India, rice has been a staple food for a thousand years, deeply embedded in both daily life and religious rituals. Rice cultivation techniques and varieties developed in these regions have significantly influenced rice agriculture globally. Rice holds a place of great importance in Asian cuisine, serving as a main food and a cultural symbol across many countries in the region. Each Asian cuisine has developed unique ways of preparing and incorporating rice, reflecting the diverse cooking traditions and cultural practices of this vast continent! Rice is central to Chinese meals, often served plain to complement the variety of other dishes. Special dishes like fried rice and rice porridge are also popular. In Japan, short grain rice is a key component, most famously used in sushi. Rice is also served as a side in most meals and used in dishes like onigiri (rice balls) and sake (rice wine). The future of rice in cuisine continues to evolve, as chefs and home cooks alike push the boundaries of creativity, blending traditional methods with modern innovations. Yet the essence of rice, as a fundamental and unifying element of so many cooking traditions, remains unchanged. As we continue to explore the endless possibilities of this extraordinary grain, we carry with us a deeper appreciation for the role it plays in connecting us .to different cultures, histories, and to each other. 28．What’s the main reason that rice is valued globally according to the text? A．Its role in changing geographical environment. B．Its association with cultural rituals and festivals. C．Its contribution to sustainable farming practices. D．Its widespread cultivation and dietary importance. 29．Which statement best describes the role of rice in Asian cuisine? A．It is used in diverse cooking practices. B．It is primarily used in desserts. C．It is a symbol of high social status. D．It is cooked similarly in different countries. 30．What does the further exploration of rice in cuisine focus on? A．Respecting cultural differences. B．Cultural appreciation and identity. C．Combining traditions with new ideas. D．Traditional cooking methods and equipment. 31．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why the type of rice you buy matters? B．Rice: a global grain in diverse cuisines. C．How people in different places cook rice? D．The history of rice around the world. 参考答案 28．D 29．A 30．C 31．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了稻米在全球饮食文化中的重要地位。 28．细节理解题。根据第一段“Rice, one of the most consumed staple foods globally, holds a universal appeal that goes beyond cultural and geographical boundaries. This humble grain, grown in over 100 countries, is a primary food source for more than half of the world’s population.(稻米是全球消费最多的主食之一，具有超越文化和地理界限的普遍吸引力。这种不起眼的谷物在100多个国家种植，是世界上一半以上人口的主要食物来源。)”可知，稻米在全球范围内受到重视的主要原因是它的广泛种植和饮食重要性。故选D。 29．细节理解题。根据第三段“Rice holds a place of great importance in Asian cuisine, serving as a main food and a cultural symbol across many countries in the region. Each Asian cuisine has developed unique ways of preparing and incorporating rice, reflecting the diverse cooking traditions and cultural practices of this vast continent.(稻米在亚洲菜系中占有重要地位，是该地区许多国家的主要食物和文化象征。每种亚洲菜系都发展出了独特的稻米烹饪和融入方式，反映了这片广袤大陆多样的烹饪传统和文化习俗。)”可知，稻米在亚洲菜系中被用于多种烹饪实践中。故选A。 30．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The future of rice in cuisine continues to evolve, as chefs and home cooks alike push the boundaries of creativity, blending traditional methods with modern innovations.(稻米在烹饪中的未来不断发展，厨师和家庭厨师都在推动创造力的边界，将传统方法与现代创新相结合。)”可知，对稻米在烹饪中的进一步探索集中在将传统与新思想相结合方面。故选C。 31．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了稻米在全球饮食文化中的重要地位，它作为主食在全球范围内被广泛种植和消费，并且在亚洲菜系中扮演着重要角色，且其烹饪方式不断创新和发展。所以B项：“稻米：多样菜系中的全球谷物”这个标题最能概括文章的主要内容，适合作文章标题。故选B。 （六） （2025·湖南永州·二模 ） Hearing from an old friend you’ve lost touch with can be a pleasant surprise, and restoring those old friendships can be extremely fulfilling. But according to a new study by psychologists from University of Sussex, we often hesitate to initiate those reconnections. The study included seven large surveys of almost 2,500 participants. Over 90 percent of participants could think of a particular friend with whom they had lost touch and would like to speak with again. However, even when participants expressed wanting to reconnect, thought the friend would be appreciative, and were given time to draft a message, only about a third actually sent the message. So why is this such a tough roadblock that we need to get past? Over time, old friends can start to feel like strangers, explains Aknin, psychologist at Simon Fraser University. That psychological distance is what people report as their main barrier to reconnecting. The type of relationship two friends had before losing touch can also determine how difficult this distance feels to bridge. A previously close relationship with a lot of trust makes picking up where you left off more likely and lessens the fear of rejection. “In many cases, part of the reason a tie grows dormant (休眠) is because people move away, their interests change, and so they lose track of other people. But if you think about it, that’s what makes running into someone you haven’t seen in a long time so helpful and so interesting,” says Labianca, psychologist at University of Massachusetts Amherst. “Their lives have gone in different directions, so you might hear about something new and cool and different.” Social media might make reconnecting with dormant ties easier. Since the new research found familiarity makes reaching out easier, social media could provide a resting baseline of more familiarity. But Aknin says while social media might help keep up with old friends on a surface level, fully reactivating an old tie calls for a real conversation: A phone call or a face-to-face interaction, reacting to each other in real time. 32．What does the writer intend to do in the second paragraph? A．To support a conclusion. B．To illustrate a theory. C．To analyze the underlying logic. D．To explain a phenomenon. 33．The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________. A．the fears of rejection B．the initiation of reconnection C．the previously close friendship D．the development of diverse friendship 34．How does Labianca view reactivating dormant ties? A．They’re not worth reactivating. B．They’re facilitated by social media. C．They may offer a chance for new insights. D．They bridge the psychological distance. 35．What does Aknin suggest to reconnect with friends? A．Reflection on shared experience. B．Surface-level connections online. C．In-depth personal communication. D．Regular interactions on social media. 参考答案 32．A 33．B 34．C 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了影响老友重新联系的相关因素及其解决方法。 32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Hearing from an old friend you’ve lost touch with can be a pleasant surprise, and restoring those old friendships can be extremely fulfilling.  But according to a new study by psychologists from University of Sussex, we often hesitate to initiate those reconnections. (收到失去联系的老朋友的来信可能是一个惊喜，恢复这些旧友谊会非常令人满足。但根据苏塞克斯大学心理学家的一项新研究，我们经常犹豫是否要发起这些重新联系。)”和第二段“The study included seven large surveys of almost 2,500 participants. Over 90 percent of participants could think of a particular friend with whom they had lost touch and would like to speak with again. However, even when participants expressed wanting to reconnect, thought the friend would be appreciative, and were given time to draft a message, only about a third actually sent the message. (这项研究包括对近2500名参与者进行的七项大型调查。超过90%的参与者能想起一个他们失去联系的朋友，并想再次交谈。然而，即使参与者表示想要重新联系，认为朋友会感激，并有时间起草一份信息，只有大约三分之一的人真正发送了信息。)”可知，作者在第二段中提供了研究的结果来支持第一段中的结论。故选A。 33．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The study included seven large surveys of almost 2,500 participants. Over 90 percent of participants could think of a particular friend with whom they had lost touch and would like to speak with again. However, even when participants expressed wanting to reconnect, thought the friend would be appreciative, and were given time to draft a message, only about a third actually sent the message. (这项研究包括对近2500名参与者进行的七项大型调查。超过90%的参与者能想起一个他们失去联系的朋友，并想再次交谈。然而，即使参与者表示想要重新联系，认为朋友会感激，并有时间起草一份信息，只有大约三分之一的人真正发送了信息。)”和第三段“So why is this such a tough roadblock that we need to get past? Over time, old friends can start to feel like strangers, explains Aknin, psychologist at Simon Fraser University. (那么，为什么这是我们需要跨越的一个如此艰难的障碍呢？西蒙弗雷泽大学的心理学家阿克宁解释说，随着时间的推移，老朋友会开始感觉像陌生人一样。)”可知，this指代的是重新开始联系老友试图恢复友谊这件事件，与选项B“the initiation of reconnection (重新联系的启动)”意思相符。故选B。 34．细节理解题。根据第四段中““In many cases, part of the reason a tie grows dormant (休眠) is because people move away, their interests change, and so they lose track of other people. But if you think about it, that’s what makes running into someone you haven’t seen in a long time so helpful and so interesting,” says Labianca, psychologist at University of Massachusetts Amherst. “Their lives have gone in different directions, so you might hear about something new and cool and different.” (“在很多情况下，关系休眠的部分原因是人们离开了，他们的兴趣改变了，所以他们失去了其他人的联系。但如果你仔细想想，这就是为什么遇到一个很久没见的人如此有益和有趣的原因，”马萨诸塞大学阿姆赫斯特分校的心理学家拉比安卡说。“他们的生活走向了不同的方向，所以你可能会听到一些新的、酷的、不同的东西。”)”可知，拉比安卡认为重新激活休眠关系可能会提供一个获得新见解的机会。故选C。 35．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But Aknin says while social media might help keep up with old friends on a surface level, fully reactivating an old tie calls for a real conversation: A phone call or a face-to-face interaction, reacting to each other in real time. (但阿克宁说，虽然社交媒体可能有助于在表面上与老朋友保持联系，但要想完全恢复旧关系，就需要真正的对话：一个电话或面对面的互动，彼此实时做出反应。)”可知，面对面的深度交流才是解决问题的关键。故选C。 （七） （2025·长郡中学·二模 ） The last time my husband and I went out for an elegant restaurant dinner, the server came to our table and began to recite a long list of specials, with detailed descriptions of how the dishes were made and where the ingredients had been sourced. Her recitation went on and on, and as she spoke, I became almost more interested in how she could remember all those descriptions than I was in thinking about the food. Meanwhile, I couldn’t remember where I’d put my keys before we left for the restaurant. The good news is that not remembering where you put your keys is generally not a sign of dementia (老年痴呆). And on the contrary, being able to remember a long list of restaurant specials isn’t necessarily a sign of extraordinary mental ability, either. Memory is far more complicated than the dining out experience could ever show. While most of us are terrified about developing dementia, fewer than 10% of adults aged 65 and older will wind up with dementia such as Alzheimer’s (阿尔茨海默症). “Some memory loss is normal as people age.” says Joel Salinas, a behavioral neurologist. “It’s not the kind of decline that interferes with the ability to live your life.” And, he adds, “There are areas that actually improve with age. Vocabulary is one.” Jessica Zwerling, a director of the Center of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease, compares the effect of aging on memory to kind of like getting traffic on the brain. “It may take longer to find a word; it may come to you later. The speed of processing can go down, but your hippocampus, the part of the brain most associated with memory, should be functioning.” And the memories themselves are stored in various sections of the cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the brain. “Memory is all these different brain networks working in concert with each other,” says Dr. Salinas. 32．Why does the author mention the dining out experience in the first paragraph? A．To clarify the distinct differences. B．To introduce her awkward situation. C．To teach readers how to recite menus. D．To highlight the complexity of memory. 33．What does the underlined phrase “interferes with” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Promote. B．Limit. C．Mix. D．Acquire. 34．What can we know about aged people with memory loss according to the text? A．They act like an Alzheimer’s patient. B．They can’t live a normal life independently. C．They are sure to suffer dementia some day. D．They may recall some forgotten words after a while. 35．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The mechanism of memory loss in brain. B．The brain parts in charge of memorizing. C．The procedures of memory experiments. D．The result of losing memory in brain. 参考答案 32．D 33．B 34．D 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过作者外出就餐的经历引出话题，探讨了记忆的复杂性，并解释了随着年龄增长出现的正常记忆衰退现象及其与痴呆症的区别。 32．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The last time my husband and I went out for an elegant restaurant dinner, the server came to our table and began to recite a long list of specials, with detailed descriptions of how the dishes were made and where the ingredients had been sourced. Her recitation went on and on, and as she spoke, I became almost more interested in how she could remember all those descriptions than I was in thinking about the food. Meanwhile, I couldn’t remember where I’d put my keys before we left for the restaurant.(上次我和丈夫去一家高雅的餐厅吃饭时，服务员走到我们桌边，开始背诵一长串特色菜，详细介绍了菜肴的制作方法和食材的来源。她不停地背诵，在她说话的时候，我对她是如何记住这些描述更感兴趣，而不是想着食物。与此同时，我记不起去餐厅之前把钥匙放在哪里了)”和第二段中“The good news is that not remembering where you put your keys is generally not a sign of dementia. And on the contrary, being able to remember a long list of restaurant specials isn’t necessarily a sign of extraordinary mental ability, either. Memory is far more complicated than the dining out experience could ever show.(好消息是，不记得把钥匙放在哪里通常并不是痴呆的征兆。相反，能够记住一长串餐厅特色菜也不一定是非凡智力的标志。记忆远比外出就餐的经历要复杂得多)”可知，作者提到外出就餐的经历是为了说明能够记住一长串餐厅特色菜不一定是非凡智力的标志，而不记得把钥匙放在哪也并不是痴呆的征兆，由此说明记忆具有复杂性。故选D项。 33．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“‘Some memory loss is normal as people age.’ says Joel Salinas, a behavioral neurologist. ‘It’s not the kind of decline that interferes with the ability to live your life.’ (行为神经学家乔尔·萨利纳斯说：“随着人们年龄的增长，一些记忆丧失是正常的。这不是那种会interferes with你生活能力的衰退。”)”可知，随着年龄的增长，记忆丧失是正常现象，结合句中“not the kind of decline”可推知，这种记忆的衰退不会限制人们的生活能力。故划线短语与“Limit”意思相近，意为“限制”。故选B项。 34．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Jessica Zwerling, a director of the Center of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease, compares the effect of aging on memory to kind of like getting traffic on the brain. ‘It may take longer to find a word; it may come to you later. The speed of processing can go down, but your hippocampus, the part of the brain most associated with memory, should be functioning.’ (阿尔茨海默病卓越研究中心主任杰西卡·茨维林将衰老对记忆的影响比作大脑的交通堵塞。‘可能需要更长时间才能想出一个词；它可能会晚些时候出现在你脑海中。处理速度可能会下降，但你大脑中与记忆最相关的海马体应该在正常运作’)”可知，有记忆减退的老年人可能过一会儿能想起一些遗忘的单词。故选D项。 35．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Jessica Zwerling, a director of the Center of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease, compares the effect of aging on memory to kind of like getting traffic on the brain. ‘It may take longer to find a word; it may come to you later. The speed of processing can go down, but your hippocampus, the part of the brain most associated with memory, should be functioning.’ (阿尔茨海默病卓越研究中心主任杰西卡·茨维林将衰老对记忆的影响比作大脑的交通堵塞。‘可能需要更长时间才能想出一个词；它可能会晚些时候出现在你脑海中。处理速度可能会下降，但你大脑中与记忆最相关的海马体应该在正常运作’)”和“Memory is all these different brain networks working in concert with each other (记忆是所有这些不同的大脑网络相互协作的结果)”对大脑中记忆存储和运作的描述可知，本段主要讲的是大脑中记忆减退的机制。故选A项。 （八） （2025·长沙市一中·二模 ） C Parrots are known for being cheerful and colorful birds with a chatty side. To spotlight these beautiful birds, Nayan Shrimal and Venus Bird from The Paper Ark have launched The Parrot Project, in which they create lifelike paper portraits (肖像) in their likeness for a good cause. “This series is a respect to these amazing birds and their contribution to our ecosystem,” the artists said. To them, parrots are not only beautiful birds that have inspired them creatively but also a species that has long been subjected to exploitation. “Many parrot species are threatened and some are near to extinction,” Shrimal and Bird explained. “They are suffering a lot due to deforestation and pet trade and we wanted to shine light on the importance of these species in our ecosystem through our art.” To create these realistic pieces, they begin by picking a species from their collection of bird books. Once they settle on a parrot, they carry out some online research to get all the information needed for a faithful description. “Each species is created keeping in mind their habitat so each artwork in this series shows the bird perching (栖息) on the tree or plant which is either their favorite plant or their perching tree,” the artists share. Each bird is made up of tiny paper bits, put together following a drawing previously made by the team. They also carefully paint each piece to truly capture the details that make the species so unique, such as the yellow spots on the head of the red-tailed black cockatoo or the ombre (渐变色) feathers of the Scarlet Macaw. The detailed portraits are now available for sale on The Paper Ark’s website, with the artists donating 10% from each sale towards parrot conservation. “Our primary purpose with this series is to motivate people to learn about these beautiful birds and their importance in our ecosystem and the threats they are facing,” Shrimal and Bird explain. “We want our audience to come together and take steps to conserve this species.” 28．What motivated Nayan Shrimal and Venus Bird to initiate The Parrot Project? A．The overpopulation of certain parrot species. B．The threats of human activities to the parrots. C．Their personal fascination with parrots as pets. D．The requirement of an environmental organization. 29．How do the artists ensure their paper parrots true to life? A．By using high-tech to create the models. B．By using real feathers in their artworks. C．By using photographs as a direct reference. D．By researching all details about the species. 30．Why are there specific trees or plants in the parrot portraits? A．To add artistic value to the portraits. B．To identify the parrot species easily. C．To show the bird in its natural habitat. D．To make the artworks more complicated. 31．What can The Parrot Project help do according to the text? A．To ban the pet trade of parrots. B．To connect people with animals. C．To research different species of parrots. D．To raise awareness of parrots’ conservation. 参考答案： 28．B 29．D 30．C 31．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了艺术家通过纸鹦鹉项目提高人们对鹦鹉保护的意识。 28．细节理解题。由文章第二段中““Many parrot species are threatened and some are near to extinction,” Shrimal and Bird explained. “They are suffering a lot due to deforestation and pet trade and we wanted to shine light on the importance of these species in our ecosystem through our art.” (“许多鹦鹉物种受到威胁，有些已濒临灭绝，”Shrimal和Bird解释道。“由于森林砍伐和宠物贸易，它们正遭受着巨大的痛苦，我们希望通过我们的艺术来阐明这些物种在我们生态系统中的重要性。”)”可知，人类活动对鹦鹉造成了威胁，这促使Nayan Shrimal和Venus Bird发起了鹦鹉项目。故选B。 29．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“To create these realistic pieces, they begin by picking a species from their collection of bird books. Once they settle on a parrot, they carry out some online research to get all the information needed for a faithful description. (为了创作这些逼真的作品，他们首先从他们的鸟类书籍收藏中选择一个物种。一旦他们选定了一只鹦鹉，他们就会进行一些在线研究，以获得忠实描述所需的所有信息。)”可知，艺术家们通过研究该物种的所有细节来确保他们的纸鹦鹉栩栩如生。故选D。 30．细节理解题。由文章第三段中““Each species is created keeping in mind their habitat so each artwork in this series shows the bird perching (栖息) on the tree or plant which is either their favorite plant or their perching tree,” the artists share. (艺术家们分享道：“创作每个物种时都会考虑到它们的栖息地，所以这个系列中的每一件艺术品都展现了鸟儿栖息在它们最喜爱的植物或栖息树上的情景。”)”可知，鹦鹉肖像中有特定的树木或植物是为了展示在自然栖息地中的鸟类。故选C。 31．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中““Our primary purpose with this series is to motivate people to learn about these beautiful birds and their importance in our ecosystem and the threats they are facing,” Shrimal and Bird explain. (Shrimal和Bird解释道：“我们创作这个系列的主要目的是激励人们去了解这些美丽的鸟类，以及它们在我们生态系统中的重要性和它们所面临的威胁。”)”可知，鹦鹉计划可以帮助提高人们对鹦鹉保护的意识。故选D。 D Climate change is increasingly challenging the world of sports, with rising temperatures and extreme weather conditions threatening the existence of sports events globally. Athletes like triathlete Pragnya Mohan have been forced to relocate their training to cope with unbearable heat, while others, including discus thrower Sam Mattis, face extreme temperatures during competitions. Such conditions not only affect athlete performance but also pose a threat to the continued existence of certain sports. At the UN climate summit in Baku, experts underlined the urgent need to address climate change’s impact on sports. Events are being interrupted by unusual weather patterns, as seen in the Paris Olympics, where triathlons were delayed due to water quality issues from heavy rain. In response, some sports organizations and clubs are beginning to take action. Soccer clubs have joined forces to reduce emissions and engage fans in climate awareness, emphasizing the role sports can play in advocating environmental responsibility. These efforts illustrate the crucial role that organized sports can have in promoting and supporting sustainable practices. However, large-scale efforts can sometimes seem less impactful due to conflicting priorities and the financial interests tied to major sports events. These factors hinder real progress in sports-related climate advocacy and reveal the complexities involved in combining global sports practices with environmental initiatives. Climate change is also increasing the costs associated with sports, widening the gap between rich and less rich athletes. As certain regions become unsuitable for training due to weather extremes, athletes face increased travel and training expenses, creating a widening socioeconomic divide. To adapt, sports events are shifting to cooler times or new locations. However, these measures only partially address the broader issues. Technologies like air-conditioned stadiums, used in the Qatar World Cup, provide temporary relief but are not sustainable. As sports wrestle with climate change, athletes and organizations must innovate to reduce their environmental footprint. A joint effort is essential to make sure sports can continue to boom in a changing world, offering fair opportunities while promoting sustainability, with an emphasis on long-term, impactful solutions. 32．Why are Pragnya Mohan and Sam Mattis mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To demonstrate physical challenges world athletes face. B．To praise their achievement in reducing climate change. C．To display their excellent performance in competitions. D．To show the bad effects climate change has on sports. 33．What does the underlined word “hinder” mean? A．Discover. B．Achieve. C．Deny. D．Block. 34．What might be the impact of climate change on sports? A．It narrows the skill gap between athletes. B．It raises the training costs for sports events. C．It promotes equality among sports participants. D．It increases the number of international events. 35．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Innovative technology is key in sports competitions B．Cooperation is needed to ensure the sports’ survival C．Organizations should offer athletes fair opportunities. D．The solutions made now are short-term and low-impact. 参考答案 32．D 33．D 34．B 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了气候变化对体育界的挑战及应对措施。 32．推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Climate change is increasingly challenging the world of sports, with rising temperatures and extreme weather conditions threatening the existence of sports events globally. Athletes like triathlete Pragnya Mohan have been forced to relocate their training to cope with unbearable heat, while others, including discus thrower Sam Mattis, face extreme temperatures during competitions. (气候变化正日益对体育界构成严峻挑战，气温上升和极端天气状况正威胁着全球体育赛事的存续。像三项全能运动员Pragnya Mohan这样的选手，已不得不调整训练地点以应对酷热难耐的天气；而包括铁饼运动员Sam Mattis在内的其他运动员，则在比赛期间面临极端高温的考验。)”可知，提到Pragnya Mohan和Sam Mattis是为了展示气候变化对体育的不良影响。故选D。 33．词句猜测题。由文章第三段“However, large-scale efforts can sometimes seem less impactful due to conflicting priorities and the financial interests tied to major sports events. These factors hinder real progress in sports-related climate advocacy and reveal the complexities involved in combining global sports practices with environmental initiatives. (然而，由于存在相互冲突的优先事项，以及重大体育赛事背后的经济利益考量，大规模的应对措施有时似乎收效甚微。这些因素hinder体育领域在气候倡导方面取得实质性进展，也揭示了将全球体育活动与环境倡议相结合所面临的复杂性。)”可知，相互冲突的优先事项，以及重大体育赛事背后的经济利益考量。这些因素阻碍了体育相关气候倡导方面的真正进展。因此，hinder在此处意为“阻碍，妨碍”，与block“阻碍”意思相近。故选D。 34．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Climate change is also increasing the costs associated with sports, widening the gap between rich and less rich athletes. As certain regions become unsuitable for training due to weather extremes, athletes face increased travel and training expenses, creating a widening socioeconomic divide. (气候变化还增加了与体育相关的成本，加剧了富裕运动员与较不富裕运动员之间的差距。由于极端天气，某些地区变得不再适合训练，运动员面临着旅行和训练费用增加的问题，从而加剧了社会经济差距。)”可知，气候变化对体育的影响是提高体育赛事的训练成本。故选B。 35．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“As sports wrestle with climate change, athletes and organizations must innovate to reduce their environmental footprint. A joint effort is essential to make sure sports can continue to boom in a changing world, offering fair opportunities while promoting sustainability, with an emphasis on long-term, impactful solutions. (随着体育界与气候变化作斗争，运动员和组织必须创新以减少他们的环境足迹。共同努力对于确保体育在变化的世界中继续蓬勃发展至关重要，在促进可持续性的同时提供公平的机会，并强调长期、有影响力的解决方案。)”可知，作者在最后一段暗示了合作是确保体育生存的必要条件。故选B。 （九） （2025·湖南省九校联盟·二模 ） C In the race to develop artificial intelligence (AI) systems that can outperform humans, DeepSeek, one cutting-edge technology, developed by a team of researchers in Asia, has already demonstrated its ability to revolutionize industries ranging from healthcare to finance. However, as DeepSeek’s capabilities grow, so do the ethical questions surrounding its use. One of the most impressive features of DeepSeek is its ability to analyze vast amounts of data in real time. For example, in healthcare, it has been used to predict disease outbreaks by analyzing patterns in patient data. In finance, it has helped banks find fraud with very high accuracy. Yet, these advancements come with a price. It raises concerns about privacy and consent (允许). Who owns the data being used, and how can we ensure it is not misused? Another area where DeepSeek has shown promise is in natural language processing (NLP). Its ability to understand and generate human language has made it a valuable tool for translation services. However, critics argue that this technology could be weaponized to spread misinformation or influence public opinions. The recent controversy over AI-generated deepfake videos is also a reminder of the potential dangers. Despite these challenges, people who support DeepSeek argue that its benefits far outweigh the risks. They point to its potential to solve some of the world’s most pressing problems, such as climate change and poverty. For instance, DeepSeek has been used to make smarter cities consume less energy, reducing carbon emissions significantly. In agriculture, it has helped farmers increase crop yields by analyzing soil data. The debate about DeepSeek’s ethical influences is far from settled. Some call for stricter regulations to prevent misuse, while others believe that innovation should not be stopped because of fear. As we move forward, one thing is clear: the future of AI will depend on our ability to pursue balance between progress and responsibility. 28．What is an advantage of DeepSeek in the field of healthcare according to the text? A．It can diagnose some rare diseases accurately. B．It cuts down patients’ medical treatment costs. C．It helps doctors plan treatments more quickly. D．It can predict disease outbreaks via data analysis. 29．What potential risk might arise from DeepSeek’s NLP technology? A．It might be adopted to spread false information in public. B．It would cause virtual assistants to become less intelligent. C．It could lead to a decrease in the quality of translation services. D．It might result in a reduction of job opportunities in the IT field. 30．What is the author’s overall attitude towards DeepSeek? A．Supportive. B．Indifferent. C．Objective. D．Opposed. 31．What is the main idea of the text? A．The ethical problems of DeepSeek. B．The technical details of DeepSeek. C．The industries that DeepSeek helps. D．The development history of AI in Asia. 参考答案 28．D 29．A 30．C 31．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了DeepSeek技术的伦理影响问题。 28．细节理解题。根据第二段中“For example, in healthcare, it has been used to predict disease outbreaks by analyzing patterns in patient data.(例如，在医疗保健领域，它已被用于通过分析患者数据中的模式来预测疾病爆发。)”可知，DeepSeek在医疗保健领域的优势是它可以通过数据分析预测疾病爆发。故选D项。 29．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, critics argue that this technology could be weaponized to spread misinformation or influence public opinions.(然而，批评人士认为，这项技术可能会被用作传播错误信息或影响公众舆论的武器。)”可知，DeepSeek自然语言处理能力的潜在风险是它可能被用来在公共场合传播虚假信息。故选A项。 30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Some call for stricter regulations to prevent misuse, while others believe that innovation should not be stopped because of fear. As we move forward, one thing is clear: the future of AI will depend on our ability to pursue balance between progress and responsibility.(一些人呼吁加强监管以防止滥用，而另一些人则认为不应该因为恐惧而停止创新。随着我们的前进，有一件事是明确的：人工智能的未来将取决于我们在进步和责任之间寻求平衡的能力。)”可知，作者既提到了有人呼吁严格监管，又提到有人认为不应因恐惧停止创新，还指出AI的未来在于在进步和责任间寻求平衡，这说明作者既认可DeepSeek有其发展进步的一面，也认识到其存在问题，持客观态度。故选C项。 31．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“However, as DeepSeek’s capabilities grow, so do the ethical questions surrounding its use.(然而，随着DeepSeek能力的增长，围绕其使用的伦理问题也在增加。)”和最后一段中“The debate about DeepSeek’s ethical influences is far from settled.(关于DeepSeek的伦理影响的争论远未解决。)”可知，本文分别从不同角度阐述了其在不同应用场景下引发的伦理担忧等内容，文章主要是在讨论DeepSeek的伦理影响问题。故选A项。 D Goldman Sachs estimates there were over 80 million social media influencers globally in 2024, spanning platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube, with the number growing 10% - 20% annually. While some perceive influencing as a pastime, others pursue it full time, drawn by stories of influencers making tens of thousands of dollars per post or launching their own brands. Morning Consult reports that 57% of American Gen Zers dream of becoming influencers, with 53% referring to it as a “respectable career”. For companies, the appeal of influencer marketing (营销) lies in its capability to target specific audiences through content creators, alongside consumers’ rising social media engagement. Influencer Marketing Hub notes 86% of brands globally plan to invest in influencer campaigns in 2025, up from 37% in 2017, with nearly a quarter committing over 40% of their marketing budgets to such efforts. However, the influencer boom presents challenges. Goldman Sachs reveals only 4% of influencers earn over $100,000 annually. AI-generated “virtual influencers” like Aitana López - a computer-designed fitness expert with 330,000 Instagram followers - threaten to flood feeds (信息流) further. While small creators with modest (不算多的) followings may earn side income, few can quit their regular jobs. Market overcrowding also makes online fame unstable. Joe Gagliese of Viral Nation warns that even viral moments don’t guarantee lasting success: “If influencers don't take advantage of the momentum (势头), someone else will.” Consumer exhaustion adds another hurdle. A 2023 McKinsey survey found 68% of global fashion consumers were critical about the massive amount of sponsored content. Anita Balchandani of McKinsey notes influencers initially gained attention as “trusted” voices, but maintaining veracity alongside paid promotions is now crucial. Seeking this balance is key to staying relevant in an overcrowded market. Ultimately, while the appeal of influencer careers remains, the reality is tough: as the industry grows, so does the gap between the fascinating dream and real sustainability. 32．What makes many Gen Zers keen to enter the field of influencing? A．The potential to be wealthy or start their own businesses. B．The opportunity to secure regular corporate jobs. C．The guarantee of immediate success and popularity. D．The rocketing popularity of social media platforms. 33．Which of the following is NOT a factor discouraging social media influencers? A．Low earnings. B．Companies' preference for AI. C．Intense competition. D．Displeased audiences. 34．What does the underlined word “veracity” in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Popularity. B．Confidence. C．Honesty. D．Competence. 35．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Rise of Influencers and Their Impact on Social Media B．Opportunities and Challenges within the Influencer Economy C．Gen Zers' Enthusiasm for Entering Sooial Media Influencing D．Brands' Climbing Marketing Budgets for Influencer Campaigns 参考答案 32．A 33．B 34．C 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了网红经济的机遇以及面临的挑战。 32．细节理解题。根据第一段的“While some perceive influencing as a pastime, others pursue it full time, drawn by stories of influencers making tens of thousands of dollars per post or launching their own brands. Morning Consult reports that 57% of American Gen Zers dream of becoming influencers, with 53% referring to it as a “respectable career”. (虽然有些人认为当网红是一种消遣，但也有人受网红每条帖子能赚数万美元或推出自己品牌故事的吸引而全职从事这一行业。Morning Consult 的报告显示，57%的美国Z世代梦想成为网红，53%的人认为这是一份“体面的职业”。)”可知，许多Z世代渴望进入网红领域是因为有变得富有或创业的潜力。故选A。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Goldman Sachs reveals only 4% of influencers earn over $100,000 annually. (高盛透露，只有4%的网红年收入超过10万美元。)”可知，存在收入低的问题；“AI-generated “virtual influencers” like Aitana López - a computer-designed fitness expert with 330,000 Instagram followers - threaten to flood feeds (信息流) further. While small creators with modest (不算多的) followings may earn side income, few can quit their regular jobs. Market overcrowding also makes online fame unstable. (像 Aitana López 这样由人工智能生成的“虚拟网红”——一个由电脑设计的拥有 33 万 Instagram 粉丝的健身专家——有可能进一步充斥信息流。虽然粉丝数量不多的小创作者可能会获得一些副业收入，但很少有人能辞去本职工作。市场过度饱和也使得网络名气不稳定。)”可知，存在激烈竞争的问题；根据第四段的“A 2023 McKinsey survey found 68% of global fashion consumers were critical about the massive amount of sponsored content. (麦肯锡 2023 年的一项调查发现，68% 的全球时尚消费者对大量的赞助内容持批评态度。)”可知，存在观众不满意的问题。而文中未提及公司对人工智能的偏好是阻碍网红发展的因素。故选B。 34．词句猜测题。根据划线单词的前半句话“Anita Balchandani of McKinsey notes influencers initially gained attention as “trusted” voices, (麦肯锡的 Anita Balchandani指出，网红最初是以“值得信赖”的声音获得关注的)”以及“maintaining (保持)”可知，网红一开始靠值得信赖获得关注，所以在付费推广时保持“诚实、真实”很关键，所以划线单词veracity意思是“诚实”。故选C。 35．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“For companies, the appeal of influencer marketing (营销) lies in its capability to target specific audiences through content creators, alongside consumers' rising social media engagement. (对于企业而言，网红营销的吸引力在于，它能够通过内容创作者精准触达特定受众群体，同时消费者对社交媒体的参与度也在不断提高。)”以及第三段的“However, the influencer boom presents challenges. (然而，网红行业的蓬勃发展也带来了一些挑战。)”可知，文章主要讲述了网红经济中的机遇与挑战。所以“网红经济中的机遇与挑战”作为标题最合适。故选B。 （十） （2025·长沙市一中·四月月考 ） C Childhood malnutrition (营养不良) is a well-known problem in low-and middle-income countries, but children in countries such as Bangladesh also face increasing rates of obesity (肥胖). Obesity in both public and private schools in Bangladesh ranges from 14% to 38%, and about 23.6% of adolescents are overweight. Because the food environment — i.e. the type and amount of food that is available and accessible — affects children’s dietary preferences and health outcomes, it is considered a primary cause of obesity. Bangladesh must collect data about the food environment in and near schools and then use that information to address childhood obesity. Characterizing the food environment in Bangladesh is challenging. Mobile and seasonal food vendors are difficult to track, but unhealthy food options are often found near and within schools. Specific groups, such as people between 17 and 30 years of age, tend to consume unhealthy food more frequently. The percentage of urban, college-going adolescents who consume fast food is 68.1%. Given evidence that providing healthy, affordable food in and near schools can effectively address childhood obesity, Bangladesh should take immediate action. Policymakers should focus on increasing awareness of the risks associated with the consumption of unhealthy, unhygienic, and fast food by children and young adults. Outreach should target students as well as the teaching staff and parents who support them. The government of Bangladesh should also promote healthy foods in close proximity to schools. However, low- and middle-income countries may differ from high-income countries. To enable effective and targeted action, Bangladesh should collect systematic, in-depth data about the frequency and availability of types of food in and near schools, the spatial distribution of and differences in food options, the factors influencing dietary choices, and the impact of these choices on health outcomes. Bangladesh and other low-and middle-income countries facing increased childhood obesity should conduct research similar to studies that have been done in high-income countries, such as the United States, Canada, Europe, and New Zealand. Such research could determine the effects of differences in social status, economics, sex, education, and geographic location on childhood obesity. 28．What mainly contributes to childhood obesity in Bangladesh? A．Improved economic environment. B．Families’ dietary preferences. C．Schools’ demanding rules. D．Accessible food choices. 29．What information about Bangladesh can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．Food vendors are uniformly distributed. B．Data about the food environment is easy to collect. C．The food environment near and within schools deserves more attention. D．People between 20 and 25 years old consume more fast food than adolescents. 30．What measure should Bangladesh take according to paragraph 3? A．Closing fast food restaurants near schools. B．Making healthy food affordable for parents. C．Strengthening risk management policies in and out of schools. D．Promoting publicity of consequences of eating unhealthy food. 31．Why does the author mention high-income countries? A．To give more examples of childhood obesity. B．To compare current obesity situations globally. C．To prove ineffectiveness of previous strategies. D．To offer insights into solutions to childhood obesity. 参考答案 28．D 29．C 30．D 31．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孟加拉国儿童肥胖的原因及应对措施。 28．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Because the food environment — i.e. the type and amount of food that is available and accessible — affects children’s dietary preferences and health outcomes, it is considered a primary cause of obesity. (由于食物环境，——即现有的且易于获取的食物的种类和数量，——会影响孩子们的饮食偏好和健康状况，因此它被视为导致肥胖的一个主要原因)”可知，孟加拉国儿童肥胖的主要原因是可获得的食物选择。故选D项。 29．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Characterizing the food environment in Bangladesh is challenging. Mobile and seasonal food vendors are difficult to track, but unhealthy food options are often found near and within schools.(描述孟加拉国的食品环境是一项挑战。流动性和季节性食品供应商很难追踪，但不健康的食物选择经常出现在学校附近和学校内)”可推知，学校附近和学校内的食品环境值得更多关注。故选C项。 30．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Policymakers should focus on increasing awareness of the risks associated with the consumption of unhealthy, unhygienic, and fast food by children and young adults.(决策者应侧重于提高儿童和年轻人对食用不健康、不卫生和快餐的风险的认识)”可知，孟加拉国应该采取的措施是加强宣传，宣传吃不健康食物的后果。故选D项。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, low- and middle-income countries may differ from high-income countries. To enable effective and targeted action, Bangladesh should collect systematic, in-depth data about the frequency and availability of types of food in and near schools, the spatial distribution of and differences in food options, the factors influencing dietary choices, and the impact of these choices on health outcomes.(然而，中低收入国家可能与高收入国家不同。为了采取有效和有针对性的行动，孟加拉国应收集系统和深入的数据，了解学校内和学校附近食物的种类和供应频率、食物选择的空间分布和差异、影响饮食选择的因素以及这些选择对健康结果的影响)”和“Such research could determine the effects of differences in social status, economics, sex, education, and geographic location on childhood obesity.(这类研究可以确定社会地位、经济、性别、教育和地理位置的差异对儿童肥胖的影响)”可推知，作者提到高收入国家是为了提供解决儿童肥胖问题的见解。故选D项。 D As genetic and biomarker tests become more common, so do new treatments that target specific tumor (肿瘤) types and may lead to better outcomes. Patients with the same cancer type received a one-size-fits-all approach that didn’t work for many. “We used to treat just based on whether the tumor was bigger than a centimeter,” says Kimberly Allison, a surgical pathologist and breast cancer researcher at Stanford University School of Medicine. “The biology didn’t matter; you pretty much gave chemo-treatment (化疗) to everybody.” The good news is that this has changed dramatically in the last few decades. Patients are no longer assessed and treated based only on the location and size of their cancer. Researchers now look for DNA changes and a range of other biological indicators. With this information, clinical teams can approach each case with more nuance, diagnosing and treating patients according to their personal physical conditions — and the specific characteristics of their cancer. This has been achieved in large part through two distinct types of tests: genetic screening and biomarker testing. As researchers continue to home in on the underlying genetic factors of different cancers, the role of these tests in both diagnosis and treatment is only going to grow. The first of the two testing methods, genetic testing, helps to assess the cancer risk of healthy people and their family members. The technique goes through a person’s inherited DNA for gene variants known to increase the risk of developing cancer, or affect how the tumor might respond to treatment. For example, Hereditary BRCA1/2 mutations significantly increase breast cancer risk. The second testing method, biomarker testing, tends to happen once someone has already been diagnosed with cancer. Biomarkers are objective, measurable signs that can help clinicians understand how a cancer is progressing, or how it might respond to specific treatments. While personalized treatment is now an option in many cancer types, data suggests there’s a long road ahead to make genetic and biomarker testing (e.g., germline genetic testing in <7% of cancer patients and key biomarkers assessed in <50% of non-small lung cancer cases) widely available, despite rising trends. 32．What problem does Kimberly Allison’s statement mainly illustrate? A．Patients with small tumors were often misdiagnosed. B．Traditional approaches ignored the biological differences. C．Doctors focused too much on the effects of chemotherapy. D．Early treatments lacked advanced technologies for tumor detection. 33．What does the underlined word “nuance” in paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Sympathy. B．Speed. C．Differences. D．Tools. 34．What do we know about biomarker testing? A．It assesses cancer risk. B．It monitors changes in cancer. C．It applies standardized treatments. D．It is more fact-based than genetic testing. 35．What is the passage most likely to discuss next? A．Strategies to increase testing rates. B．Advancements in genetic testing technologies. C．Impacts of low testing rates on patient outcomes. D．Comparisons of testing rates across different cancer types. 参考答案 32．B 33．C 34．B 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着基因和生物标志物检测越来越普遍，针对特定肿瘤类型的新治疗方法也随之出现，并可能带来更好的治疗效果。 32．推理判断题。根据文章第二段Patients with the same cancer type received a one-size-fits-all approach that didn’t work for many. “We used to treat just based on whether the tumor was bigger than a centimeter,” says Kimberly Allison, a surgical pathologist and breast cancer researcher at Stanford University School of Medicine. “The biology didn’t matter; you pretty much gave chemo-treatment (化疗) to everybody.”(患有相同癌症类型的患者接受了一种一刀切的方法，但这种方法对许多人并不适用。“我们过去只根据肿瘤是否大于一厘米来治疗，”斯坦福大学医学院的外科病理学家和乳腺癌研究员金伯利·艾莉森说。“生物学并不重要；你几乎给每个人都做了化疗。”)”可推知，金伯利·艾莉森的话主要说明了传统方法忽视了生物学差异。故选B。 33．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Researchers now look for DNA changes and a range of other biological indicators. With this information, clinical teams can approach each case(研究人员现在寻找DNA变化和其他一系列生物指标。有了这些信息，临床团队可以处理每个病例)”以及下文“diagnosing and treating patients according to their personal physical conditions — and the specific characteristics of their cancer.(根据患者的个人身体状况和癌症的具体特征进行诊断和治疗)”可知，研究人员现在寻找DNA变化和其他一系列生物指标，有了这些信息，临床团队可以处理每个病例，并根据患者的个人身体状况和癌症的具体特征进行诊断和治疗，说明临床团队可以根据这些信息，更细致地处理每个病例，由此可知，划线单词nuance意为“差异”。故选C。 34．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The second testing method, biomarker testing, tends to happen once someone has already been diagnosed with cancer. Biomarkers are objective, measurable signs that can help clinicians understand how a cancer is progressing, or how it might respond to specific treatments.(第二种测试方法是生物标志物测试，通常在某人被诊断出患有癌症后进行。生物标志物是客观的、可测量的指标，可以帮助临床医生了解癌症是如何进展的，或者它可能对特定治疗有何反应。)”可知，生物标志物测试可以监测癌症的变化。故选B。 35．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“While personalized treatment is now an option in many cancer types, data suggests there’s a long road ahead to make genetic and biomarker testing (e.g., germline genetic testing in <7% of cancer patients and key biomarkers assessed in <50% of non-small lung cancer cases) widely available, despite rising trends.(尽管个性化治疗现在已成为许多癌症类型的一种选择，但数据表明，尽管趋势不断上升，但要使基因和生物标志物检测(例如，在<7%的癌症患者中进行种系基因检测，在<50%的非小细胞肺癌病例中评估关键生物标志物)得到广泛应用，还有很长的路要走。)”可推知，文章接下来最有可能讨论提高检测率的策略。故选A。 议论文 （一） （2025·湖南邵阳·二模 ） In today’s interconnected world, cross-cultural communication has emerged as a vital skill for fostering international cooperation and social harmony. Britain, with its centuries-old history of absorbing diverse influences and its current multicultural landscape, serves as an ideal example of how tradition and modernity can coexist to bridge cultural gaps. The roots of British cultural adaptability trace back to ancient times. When the Romans invaded Britain in 55 BC, they not only established management systems but also constructed public facilities such as roads and Hadrian’s Wall — a massive defensive structure marking the northern border of their empire. These innovations not only managed conflicts with Celtic tribe’s but also laid the foundation for future cultural exchanges. Today, this legacy of blending old and new remains evident. For instance, the British Parliament maintains strict dress codes requiring formal suits and robed (长袍) during sessions, symbolizing respect for tradition. Meanwhile, modern Britain embraced literary festivals and experimental theater productions, reflecting its dynamic engagement with contemporary artistic expression. However, navigating cultural differences remains challenging. In international business settings, British professionals often prioritize building trust through indirect communication and tea-break small talk, while their American counterparts favor straightforward discussions to get straight to the point. Research by the London Business School (2022) reveals that 68 % of cross-Atlantic negotiations face delays due to these contrasting styles. Americans may interpret British politeness as in decision, whereas Britons perceive American directness as impersonal and overlay focused only on business deals. Language differences further test cultural sensitivity. A simple phrase like “I’ll consider it” in British English often means a polite refusal, whereas Americans might take it literally as openness to further discussion. Even gestures differ: maintaining eye contact is seen as confident in the U. S. But may be viewed as aggressive in some British contexts. To address these challenges, educational institutions play a key role. Universities like Oxford and Cambridge now offer courses such as “Global Communication Strategies,” where students role-play negotiation scene’s and analyze case studies of multinational corporations. Such training emphasized empathy, active listening, and adapting communication styles to diverse audiences. As globalization continued to erase borders, mastering these skills becomes not just beneficial but essential for building a more inclusive world. 28．What can be known about the purpose of the Romans building Hadrian’s Wall? A．To establish trade routed with Celtic tribes. B．To mark the southern border of the Roman Empire. C．To showcase advanced architectural skills. D．To manage conflicts and control territory. 29．What can be inferred about British and American negotiation style from Paragraph 3? A．Their differences may lead to misunderstandings. B．They both value long-term relationships equally. C．Americans prefer indirect communication. D．British negotiators focus on short-term gains. 30．What does the word “impersonal” mean in the context of American negotiators? A．Friendly and emotional. B．Aggressive and rude. C．Emotionally distant and formal. D．Humorous and casual. 31．What might the author discuss next regarding cross-cultural communication training? A．The history of Roman education systems. B．Specific methods used in university coursed. C．How technology replaces traditional teaching. D．Economic costs of cultural misunderstandings. 参考答案 28．D 29．A 30．C 31．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文以英国为例，探讨了跨文化沟通的历史根基与现代挑战，包括传统与现代价值观的融合、国际谈判中的文化误解及语言差异，并强调通过教育培养文化敏感性的重要性。文章指出，在全球化时代，理解并适应文化差异是促进国际合作与社会和谐的关键。 28．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“When the Romans invaded Britain in 55 BC, they not only established management systems but also constructed public facilities such as roads and Hadrian’s Wall — a massive defensive structure marking the northern border of their empire. (公元前55年，当罗马人入侵不列颠时，他们不仅建立了管理系统，还建造了公路和哈德良长城等公共设施——哈德良长城是一座标志着他们帝国北部边界的大型防御建筑)”可知，哈德良长城是一座防御建筑，用来标记罗马帝国的北部边界。因此，可以推断出建造哈德良长城的目的是为了管理冲突和控制领土。D选项“To manage conflicts and control territory. (为了管理冲突和控制领土)”符合题意。故选D。 29．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“However, navigating cultural differences remains challenging. In international business settings, British professionals often prioritize building trust through indirect communication and tea-break small talk, while their American counterparts favor straightforward discussions to get straight to the point. (然而，应对文化差异仍然具有挑战性。在国际商务环境中，英国专业人士通常通过间接沟通和茶歇闲聊来优先建立信任，而他们的美国同行则更喜欢直截了当的讨论，以直奔主题。)”可知，此处明确提到了英国和美国在谈判风格上的差异。同时本段中“Research by the London Business School (2022) reveals that 68% of cross-Atlantic negotiations face delays due to these contrasting styles. (伦敦商学院(2022年)的研究显示，由于这些截然不同的风格，68%的跨大西洋谈判面临延误)”说明这些差异谈判风格可能导致误解和延误。因此，可以推断出A选项 “Their differences may lead to misunderstandings. (他们的差异可能导致误解) ”符合题意。故选A。 30．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中“Americans may interpret British politeness as indecision, whereas Britons perceive American directness as impersonal and overly focused only on business deals. (美国人可能会把英国人的礼貌解释为犹豫不决，而英国人则认为美国人的直截了当是……和过于专注于生意) ”可知，这里提到了英国人对美国人直截了当的看法是“impersonal”，并且与“overly focused only on business deals”并列，即英国人则认为美国人的过于专注于生意，这种直截了当使情感上疏远，而且过于正式的即不近人情的。选项C“Emotionally distant and formal. (情感上疏远和正式的)”与划线词为同义词。故选C。 31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“To address these challenges, educational institutions play a key role. Universities like Oxford and Cambridge now offer courses such as ‘Global Communication Strategies,’ where students role-play negotiation scenes and analyze case studies of multinational corporations. (为了解决这些挑战，教育机构发挥着关键作用。牛津和剑桥等大学现在提供‘全球沟通策略’等课程，学生可以在其中扮演谈判场景并分析跨国公司的案例研究)”这里提到了大学提供的跨文化交流培训课程，并举例说明了课程的内容。因此，可以推断出作者接下来可能会讨论这些课程中使用的具体方法。选项B“Specific methods used in university courses. (大学课程中使用的具体方法) ”符合题意。故选B。 （二） （2025·湖南省一起考·二模 ） Recently, I observed how socio-cultural forces can restrict personal choices, as some people fear rejection from their communities if they act differently. Social cohesion (融合) is woven into the fabric of our lives, so in closely integrated communities, that would mean losing everything. Making choices that differ from those of most people around us is definitely a risky strategy to take. Anything that distracts us from the safety and comfort brought by the sense of belonging shakes us to our very core. We are a complex social species, and there are social rules that create stability. We, like other social species, will move toward an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS), a behavioral strategy in a population that, once established, cannot easily be replaced by alternative strategies because it provides a high level of stability and success. We often make decisions by unconsciously reviewing what people around us are doing, and then do the same thing. Being different is uncomfortable. However, there are always individuals who bring innovation. Think about the first macaque monkey on an isolated island that walked into the water carrying a sweet potato and washed it in the ocean. Over time, other monkeys in its group adopted this behavior, which became a part of their culture and has even been passed down through generations. This kind of new approach requires courage, creativity, a strong will, and the willingness to be rejected. Innovation can solve a problem in a new way, create a social and cultural impact felt by later generations, or result in the grandest love you might ever encounter. Life is scary, and life is uncertain. It’s natural to try to hold on to what we know to feel secure. But someone recently said to me, “If all you know extends only the length of your nose, you don’t know very much at all.” True understanding requires looking beyond personal experiences or surroundings to gain a more complete view of the world. Not being able to choose freely or be different holds back everyone’s progress. 32．What does “that” underlined in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Weakening one’s bonds with the community. B．Relying on the protection of one’s community. C．Taking a different path within one’s community D．Being frightened by the rejection from their communities. 33．What is the psychological effect of being different from others? A．It causes discomfort. B．It increases creativity. C．It strengthens social bonds. D．It improves decision-making skills. 34．Why does the author mention the macaque monkey? A．To show that monkeys have complex social rule. B．To explain the motivation behind monkey evolution. C．To highlight the importance of community support. D．To demonstrate the power of individual innovation. 35．What is the main argument of the text? A．Creativity ensures community stability. B．Being different may encourage progress. C．Success comes from facing the fear of rejection. D．Humans and monkeys share similar social structures. 参考答案 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了社会文化力量对个人选择的影响，以及与众不同可能带来的进步。 32．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Recently, I observed how socio-cultural forces can restrict personal choices, as some people fear rejection from their communities if they act differently. Social cohesion (融合) is woven into the fabric of our lives, so in closely integrated communities, that would mean losing everything.(最近，我观察到社会文化力量如何限制个人选择，因为有些人担心如果他们的行为与众不同，会被社区拒绝。社会凝聚力融入了我们生活的结构中，所以在紧密融合的社区中，那意味着失去一切。)”可知，“that”指的是前一句中的“if they act differently”，即做出与他人不同的选择，也就是“在社区内走不同的道路”。故选C。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段“We often make decisions by unconsciously reviewing what people around us are doing, and then do the same thing. Being different is uncomfortable.(我们经常通过无意识地观察周围的人在做什么，然后做同样的事情。与众不同会让人不舒服。)”可知，与他人不同会让人感到不舒服。故选A。 34．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, there are always individuals who bring innovation. Think about the first macaque monkey on an isolated island that walked into the water carrying a sweet potato and washed it in the ocean. Over time, other monkeys in its group adopted this behavior, which became a part of their culture and has even been passed down through generations.(然而，总有个体会带来创新。想想孤岛上第一只猕猴，它带着红薯走进水里，在海洋里洗红薯。随着时间的推移，它群体中的其他猴子也采用了这种行为，这成为了它们文化的一部分，甚至代代相传。)”可知，作者提到猕猴是为了展示个体创新的力量，即一只猕猴的创新行为最终被整个群体采纳并传承下来。故选D。 35．主旨大意题。文章开头提到社会文化力量限制个人选择，人们害怕因不同而被拒绝，接着阐述了人们倾向于采取与周围人相同的行为以获得安全感和舒适感。第三段通过猕猴的例子强调了个体创新的重要性，最后一段指出不能自由选择或与众不同会阻碍每个人的进步，综合来看，文章的主要论点是与众不同可能会促进进步。故选B。 （三） （2025·长郡中学·二模 ） If you ever feel that the world is against you, you are not alone. We all have a tendency to assume that when anything goes wrong, the fault lies within some great intrigue (诡计) against us. If a co-worker fails the deadline, they must be trying to ruin career. When WiFi in a coffee shop is not working, the staff must be lying about having it to attract you in. But the simple fact is that these explanations, which we tend to jump to, are barely true. Maybe your co-worker thought today was Tuesday, not Wednesday. Maybe the WiFi router was just broken. This is where Hanlon’s razor comes in — a useful mental model that never credits to intentional harm that can be fully explained by ignorance. Applying Hanlon’s razor, a useful tool for rapid decision-making and intelligent comprehension, in our day-to-day lives allows us to become less judgmental, and improve reasoning skills. Meanwhile, Hanlon’s razor allows us to give people the benefit of the doubt, have more empathy (同理心) and teaches us not to assume the worst intention in the actions of others, the value of which is most pronounced in relationships, business matters, and personal happiness. We all lead complex lives where things are constantly going wrong. When this occurs, a common response is to blame the nearest person and assume they have bad intention. However, when someone messes up around us, we forget how many times we, too, have done the same. Instead, the perpetrator becomes a source of intense annoyance. To assume intention in such a situation is likely to worsen the problem. None of us can ever know what someone else wants to happen. Inability or ignorance is far more likely to be the cause than the desire to hurt. When a situation causes us to become angry or upset, it can be valuable to consider if those emotions are justified. Often, the best way to react to other people causing us problems is by seeking to educate them, not to dismiss them. In this way, we can avoid repeats of the same situation. 28．How do people typically react to failures according to the text? A．Face true ill intention. B．Shift current situations. C．Misplace blame on others. D．Seek trustworthy persons. 29．What does Hanlon’s razor refer to? A．It identifies who is to blame. B．It is a device for router repair. C．It avoids assuming harm by ignorance. D．It is an approach for colleague’s fault. 30．What does the underlined word “perpetrator” in paragraph 4 mean? A．An error maker. B．An issue fixer. C．A blame sharer. D．A familiar person. 31．What will probably be discussed next in the text? A．How to control the bad emotions. B．How to instruct others effectively. C．How to change the nervous relationship. D．How to avoid reappearance of the same situation. 参考答案 28．C 29．C 30．A 31．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕人们面对失败时的常见反应展开，介绍了“Hanlon’s razor”这一思维模型，阐述了该模型在日常生活决策、提升推理能力、改善人际关系等方面的作用，并指出在面对他人导致的问题时，应避免恶意揣测，尝试教育他人而非一味指责，以避免同样情况再次发生。 28．细节理解题。根据第一段“If you ever feel that the world is against you, you are not alone. We all have a tendency to assume that when anything goes wrong, the fault lies within some great intrigue (诡计) against us.(如果你觉得这个世界在与你作对，你并不孤单。我们都有一种倾向，认为当事情出错时，错误在于某个针对我们的阴谋。)”可知，人们通常对失败的反应是错误地指责别人。故选C。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段“But the simple fact is that these explanations, which we tend to jump to, are barely true. Maybe your co-worker thought today was Tuesday, not Wednesday. Maybe the WiFi router was just broken. This is where Hanlon’s razor comes in — a useful mental model that never credits to intentional harm that can be fully explained by ignorance.(但简单的事实是，我们倾向于得出的这些解释几乎是不真实的。也许你的同事认为今天是星期二，而不是星期三。也许Wi-Fi路由器坏了。这就是汉隆剃刀的原理——一个有用的思维模型，它从不归因于故意伤害，而这种伤害可以通过无知来完全解释。)”可知，汉隆剃刀指的是避免因无知而假设伤害。故选C。 30．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“When this occurs, a common response is to blame the nearest person and assume they have bad intention. However, when someone messes up around us, we forget how many times we, too, have done the same.( 当这种情况发生时，一种常见的反应是责怪离自己最近的人，并认为他们怀有恶意。然而，当身边有人搞砸事情时，我们却忘记了自己也有过多少次同样的行为。)”可知，当有人把事情搞砸了，我们忘记了自己有多少次也犯了同样的错误，只是一味地认为犯错者是根源。由此可知，perpetrator意为“错误制造者”。故选A。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Often, the best way to react to other people causing us problems is by seeking to educate them, not to dismiss them. In this way, we can avoid repeats of the same situation.(通常，对别人给我们造成的问题做出反应的最好方法是寻求教育他们，而不是解雇他们。通过这种方式，我们可以避免同样的情况再次发生。)”可推知，文章接下来可能会讨论如何有效地指导他人。故选B。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$