专题05 阅读理解之七选五 (福建专用)-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

专题05 阅读理解之七选五 （一） 【2023-2024学年福建省福建师范大学附属中学高一下学期期末】When you say, “You shouldn’t do that,” to a teenager, your feedback (反馈) is likely to be met with an eye roll. By the time kids turn into teens, they don’t think they need much help from adults — especially their parents. 13 It’s important for your teens to be able to hear constructive criticism without automatically becoming defensive. 14 They’ll need your advice on how they can improve their chances of success. But before they can take that advice, they’ll have to be open to listening to it. 15 Every time you give your teens constructive criticism, you give them an opportunity to grow and change. If you’re offering constructive feedback, view your role as a guide. Point out what your teen did well while adding what she/he could do better next time. Besides, point out mistakes in a gentle manner. It can help them see that mistakes aren’t something they should be ashamed of. 16 They can learn how to bounce back from failure. 17 If your teens don’t trust you when you are giving them feedback, they won’t listen to what you have to say. Rather than thinking about how to apply your feedback to their life, they’ll invest their energy into thinking why your advice doesn’t matter. If your teens respect you, they’ll have respect for your opinion. It must be noted that after you’ve expressed your concern, ask your teens for their opinion. Showing a willingness to listen to them can go a long way toward encouraging them to listen to you. A．Listen to your teens’ opinion. B．It could help them become a better person. C．Instead, they can use it as a learning opportunity. D．Your teens need to know how to improve their social skills. E．For constructive criticism, a healthy relationship is necessary. F．Then, they’ll need to be able to be open to changing their behavior. G．However, constructive criticism can be essential to your teens’ welfare. （二） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州第一中学高一下学期期末】Have you ever wondered why it feels so satisfying to sing in the shower? You are alone. You are warm. The air is moist (潮湿的), making your throat feel comfortable. 16 You’re at once relaxed and pleasantly energized by the water. Little can take you away from the simple tasks at hand. You control the speed and pitch. And the bathroom provides wonderful resonance (共鸣). Now imagine singing while driving. You are sitting, stuck by a tight seat belt that limits airflow. Without any warm-up, you probably start right in with the first song you hear. The air is drier. And to stay awake, you may be drinking coffee, which can make you thirsty. 17 While singing along to the radio, your voice may get lost in the noise of the song and the car. From my personal experience, I realize the importance of not only focusing but also setting the right conditions during practice. 18 This is why some argue against baseball players practising hitting before a game. They try hitting different types of throws, even slower ones that they wouldn’t see in a real game. 19 To warm up, I practise deep breathing exercises and relax my tongue with “blah blah blahs.” Brightening my face helps make my sound more energetic. My voice becomes richer and stronger when I practise opening up my mouth by yawning, imagining the back of my mouth expanding like a frog’s. I also adjust the way I stand. 20 A．As a saying goes, practice makes perfect. B．The stress of driving and staying safe keeps you tense. C．I always try to recreate the great feeling of singing in the shower wherever I am. D．You are standing up straight. E．You are annoyedly clearing your throat. F．Poor training may lead to poor results. G．After all, an upright guitar wouldn’t sound right if it was bent. （三） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州市八县（市）协作校高一下学期期末】Scientific Ways to Improve Our Memory If you have trouble in remembering the date or the number, you are not the only one. 36 However, a research study at UCLA in 2006 has shown that there are scientific ways to improve brain functions through simple lifestyle changes. Exercise regularly 37 So put on your trainers, go outside and start working up a good sweat. It’s healthy for both your mind and your body. 38 It’s a well-known fact eating vegetables can help keep your body healthy, and includes your brain. Various research papers state that vegetables can help lower oxidative stress in your brain as well as help retain healthy cognitive functions. Reduce stress levels Research found that intense and persistent stress, especially at high levels, can easily impair our memory and disturb our cognitive skills. 39 You can do this by meditating or taking a walk. Play video games Yes, you heard us. Get on that controller and spend a couple of hours playing your favorite video game. It’s good for your mind, according to a recent study that illustrated how these pastimes can help improve the functioning of various memory-associated regions in the brain. 40 A．Eat your vegetables. B．Try healthy foods. C．Hundreds of students suffer from poor memory. D．Memory is to experience reporting in the mind in the past. E．But don’t go overboard, too much of a good thing can be bad for you. F．So slow down, and ease yourself into taking it down a notch (冷静). G．Research found that leading a sedentary(久坐不动的) lifestyle can lead to memory loss. （四） 【2023-2024学年福建省南平市高一下学期期末】It’s hard to be energetic in your daily activities when worries are controlling your thoughts and influencing your work, school, or your home life. 16 In fact, trying to do so often makes your worries stronger. But that doesn’t mean there’s nothing you can do to control worries. 17 Rather than trying to stop an anxious thought, the following are what you can do to help: allow yourself to have it, let it out, and get physically active. Create a worry period. Choose a set time and place for worrying. It should be the same every day and early enough that it won’t make you anxious right before bedtime. During your  worry period, you’re allowed to worry about whatever is on your mind. 18 19 If an anxious thought comes into your head during the day, make a brief note of it. Taking it down is like saying it out, which helps you to reduce worries. Also, writing down your thoughts is much harder work than simply thinking them,so your worries are more likely to lose their power. Get up and get moving. Exercise is a natural and effective treatment against anxiety because it helps relieve stress, promote energy,and improve your sense of well-being (幸福). Even more importantly,by really focusing on how your body feels as you move,you can stop worries running through your head. 20 A．Write down your worries. B．You just need a different method. C．Remind yourself of the unfinished. D．Telling yourself to stop worrying doesn’t work. E．The rest of the day, however, is a worry-free time. F．The more you practice, the more control you’ll start to feel over your worries. G．As you relieve worries this way, you’ll find it easier to build up your confidence. （五） 【2023-2024学年福建省宁德市高一下学期期末】Many people think that being healthy is a difficult task that means lots of dieting and time at the gym, but that’s actually not true! 12 Soon, you’ll start to see your healthy life taking shape! Eat at the right times. A good time for a healthy, easy-to-digest evening meal is between 17:00 and 20:00. It’s best to avoid late-night snacks, 13 If you do need that midnight snack, stick to unsalted nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables. Get outside. When you spend time outdoors, the fresh air helps to reduce your stress. Step away from your screens and spend some time in the sun going for a walk, or staying active with a sport. 14 Think positively. 15 A simple positive twist on a situation can turn a setback into an opportunity. Not only will you have more energy for life, but your body can also fight off colds and heart disease better! 16 Getting poor-quality sleep not only makes you easier to get sick, but also increases the time you need to recover from illness. When you sleep well, you can wake up ready to go and be more active all day. A．Get a good night’s rest. B．Create a daily routine. C．so a positive attitude can help you avoid unhealthy habits. D．because they fill you with unnecessary calories and can affect your sleep. E．It’s amazing how much power our minds have over everything in our lives. F．Start a healthier daily habit when it comes to eating, relaxing, being active, and sleeping. G．As an added benefit, the sun helps you get some vitamin D that’s important to your body. （六） 【2023-2024学年福建省莆田市高一下学期期末】 Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized nations. They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago. 32 The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly. Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses. 33 So they are called “diseases of civilization”. Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases. Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco, probably none. 34 However, a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today. Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic ones. They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They did not have milk or any other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains. 35 We eat six times more salt than our ancestors. We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C． 36 But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way the ancient people did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food. A．Modern people used to suffer from “diseases of civilization”. B．People today probably don’t want to live like our ancestors. C．These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times. D．Ancient people also got lots of physical exercise. E．In that case, they would live much healthier. F．But today, we enjoy eating a lot of these. G．Stone Age people lived a simple life. （七） 【2023-2024学年福建省泉州市高一下学期期末】When it comes to learning a new language, adults are at a disadvantage. However, a recent study found that some language learners who started as adults scored as well as native speakers. 16 Trying the following methods may help you speed up the learning progress. ◆Do spaced repetition. 17 You might revise a new word a few times in one practice, and then again the next day. Once you know it well you’ll be able to leave days or weeks between revisions without forgetting it. ◆Study content, not the language. According to a study, when the students learn another subject taught in English instead of a class only to teach English, they tested better listening and are more willing to learn. Students in the standard English class scored better on reading and writing tests. Thus, once you’ve mastered the basics of a new language, try having conversations with friends learning the same language. 18 ◆Practice a little every day. If you’re busy, you might put off your studying. Yet you might cram (塞入) in a big chunk of learning once every week or two. 19 Your brain’s “inbox” has limited space. Therefore, the best use of the brain is to study in small chunks each day. ◆ 20 The brain prefers freshness but gives way to too many new ideas at once. New ideas work best when they’re mixed in with familiar information. When you add new words to your vocabulary, try integrating them with in-between words you’re already familiar with. So they’ll stand out — your brain will hold on to them more easily. A．Mix new and old. B．Enlarge vocabulary. C．In spaced repetition, you learn regularly. D．You can also read articles online or listen to a program. E．However, studying a little daily is actually more effective. F．It shows that if you are willing to learn, it’s not necessarily too late. G．Spaced repetition could help strengthen your conversation abilities. （八） 【2023-2024学年福建省三明市高一下学期期末】Nowadays, many people tend to use comparisons as a force to beat themselves up.   16 They are targets of whole billion-dollar industries whose success is dependent upon women being unhappy with themselves in some way, such as the beauty industry and the fashion industry. In fact, negative comparisons are impacting mental and physical health. Here are some expert tips to stop them and refocus your energy on positive things. Find your model 17 However, you can choose who you're comparing yourself to. Cultivate a tight group of friends and family, people who you admire and trust and who you know want you to be the best version of yourself. Go offline “Go touch grass” is a popular internet saying for “It's time for a digital removal.” But the joking comment makes a good point. The outside world is a physical reminder that there are so many things more important than our waistlines, clothing or bank account. 18 Take exercise regularly and keep a healthy diet. It turns out that all those things that are good for your heart are also good for your head. Plus, taking care of your body is a loving act of kindness and will help you appreciate your body more. Learn self-compassion (自我关怀) Self-compassion isn’t something that just happens. 19 It is decided by how we choose to talk to ourselves. Self-compassion is the act of relating to yourself in an understanding and caring way. In the same way you would treat your closest friend if they were struggling similarly. Meanwhile, please remember not all comparisons are a bad idea. 20 For example, positive, healthy comparison can be a useful way to find inspiration and set goals. Comparing past versions of yourself to your current state may also shed light on the ways in which you've grown or remind you of meaningful things you may have lost sight of. A．Improve your healthy habits. B．This is especially true for women. C．It's built up and torn down every day. D．They are not good for your improvement. E．Remember that comparison is human nature. F．Healthy competition is a great force to improve. G．Perhaps some comparisons can damage your health. （九） 【2023-2024学年福建省厦门市高一下学期期末】Being able to accept criticism (批评) and use it wisely is not just an important life skill; it’ll also make you happier. 16 Here are several rules for doing just that. It’s not personal. When we receive criticism, we tend to consider it a judgment on our abilities rather than on our performance. 17 The solution is to set up an internal belief such as: “It’s not a personal attack on me. I’ll think about it on its face about the matter at hand.” Treat criticism like helpful information. Depersonalizing (去个人化) criticism is a helpful approach that moves the focus from emotion to analysis. 18 It’s a rare glimpse into what outsiders think about your performance, and thus a potential opportunity to correct course and improve. Make criticism a gift, never a weapon. 19 For some—bosses, for example—doing so is part of the job. The key to criticizing to best effect is to remember the gift/weapon rule: If I am criticizing to help, I am doing it right; if I am doing it to harm,I am doing it wrong. Praise in public, criticize in private. A study showed that positive feedback given to students in public was 9 percent more inspiring than when given privately, while negative feedback in private was 11 percent more inspiring than in public. So what does that mean for your rude Amazon reviews? 20 Or better yet, don’t send them at all—unless you truly intend them to be constructive. A．Unfortunately, we hate being criticized. B．Send them to the author directly, if you dare. C．We all have to give criticism from time to time. D．Once you do it, you can start to see criticism for what it is. E．We may naturally analyze the critic rather than the criticism itself. F．It leads to lower self-worth, lower positive mood and less confidence. G．A way to master the skill is to form new habits of getting and giving criticism. （十） 【2023-2024学年福建省漳州市高一下学期期末】How to live a longer and healthier life We’re all going to get old — but what if we could live a longer, happier and healthier life? 12 We’ve asked some experts to find out the changes that can have the biggest impact on our health, happiness and longevity. Here are the three areas you can really make difference. Socialising Having friends can be just as important to living longer as giving up smoking. Keep in mind best friends don’t occur overnight. 13 Therefore, putting time to existing relationships is important. Don’t be upset if you don’t find a best friend in a short time. Being patient and not expecting too much too soon can be helpful. What you eat First, don’t eat too much, so you keep a reasonable weight. It’s also important to watch your protein. Don’t eat too much protein, but you should eat more if you’re older to avoid muscle weakness. Another point you need to pay attention to is the intake of salt and sugar, which are mostly found in processed foods. Last, up the plant food. 14 Move your body You need to keep your muscle strength. This means that you can get out of a chair easily. Cross your arms and get out of your chair. 15 If it’s only two or three times, do it every day and see if you can build your muscles up. Regular aerobic (有氧的) exercise is also beneficial. Basically it means anything that increases your heart rate and get your lungs going. For example, when you’re going for a newspaper or walking the dog, go at a proper speed. 16 A．This is where science can help. B．Aerobic exercise is not for all ages. C．See how many times you can do it in 30 seconds. D．That’s looking after your heart and also your brain. E．Five servings of fruit and vegetables a day, if possible. F．Relationships take time and effort to develop and keep. G．Just as we need to be socially active, we need to be physically active. （十一） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州市六校高一下学期期末联考】Florence Nightingale was named after her birthplace, Florence, Italy. When she was almost a year old, she returned with her family to England. Florence often helped her mother deliver (运送) food to the poor and sick. 16 Her family was shocked because nursing was not a respected profession (职业). But Florence was determined. She studied books on medicine. Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learned everything she could. 17 In 1854, Britain was at war with Russia, Florence went to the British hospital in Scutari and she was shocked. The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere. 18 Many soldiers died before receiving help. The doctors wouldn’t listen to Florence because they didn’t like the idea of women in army hospitals – until one day 500 unexpected casualties (伤亡者) arrived. 19 Florence made changes, making sure the men were washed and their injuries were cared for. Every night she would check the patients with her lamp. When she returned home after the war, a fund had been set up in her honor. Many of the soldiers she had nursed had made contributions (捐款). Now she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London. After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals. 20 All of this was because of the “lady with the lamp”. A．Nursing became an honored profession. B．There was no running water and no heat. C．She knew she had much to learn about nursing. D．Florence saw the soldiers’ health had improved. E．As she grew older, she decided to become a nurse. F．They soon realized that Florence could give a hand. G．Upon returning home, she was an expert on hospital management. （十二） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州市联盟学校高一下学期期末】When my three-year-old cousin didn’t get his way and hit his mother in anger, there were immediate consequences (后果): his father calmly and firmly made it clear that this behaviour was unacceptable, and he had to apologise. Then, he lost the honor of playing with his Christmas toys for the rest of the day. 16 His parents knew that this consequence would have an impact and was something they could carry out straight away. The most important goal of discipline (管教) is teaching children and teenagers self-management and responsible decision-making. It is not about control but instead using positive discipline. When children know what will happen, they can make choices. Parents benefit, too, from having a plan of how they will respond to specific behaviour rather than reacting in anger. 17 Have a conversation to work through what happened in a particular situation, asking the young person how they made the decision and what the impact of their choices was. Teenagers are often unwilling to talk to parents, facing their parent’s disappointment and requests for explanations. 18 The goal of this difficult conversation is to help the teenagers understand the impact of their behaviour. Taking responsibility and repairing harm by making changes is a powerful consequence that teaches young people about the impacts of their behaviour on others. If an older child has hurt a friend’s feelings, coaching them in talking it through and apologising. 19 20 And they can finally make wise choices and solve conflicts without force. A．Sometimes, a discussion is needed. B．This was a painful experience for the little boy! C．It can be useless to focus on fixing the problem. D．Therefore, it is very important that parents stay calm. E．Typically, consequences can be thought of in three categories. F．Those who were harmed feel heard, and relationships are repaired. G．Overall, positive discipline aims to help children become responsible, independent, and kind. （十三） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州市九县（市、区）一中（高中）联考高一下学期期末】 Street Eats When it comes to running a restaurant, the three most important factors are location, location, and location! 16 These mobile restaurants can sell food at the busiest corners in a city without paying the high cost of renting a permanent space. They set up early in the morning and sell their food over a tiny counter or through a window. 17 However, mobile food vendors are not a new idea. In fact, they have been around for thousands of years. Nearly two thousand years ago, the streets of Rome were filled with food carts selling all types of meals, from sweets and snacks to hearty dinners. 18 Many did not have ovens, which made preparing a hot meal at home impossible. So instead, ancient Romans bought their food on the street. They ate and socialized with their neighbors, strengthening the community and helping the local economy at the same time. Ancient Greece had food carts too. 19 In Sparta, people ate meals of porridge or soup on the go. Mobile food vendors also have a long history in Southeast Asia. In Indonesia and Malaysia, food sellers of the late nineteenth century carried their mini-restaurants on their, backs! These mini-restaurants were made up of a stove, two stools, and a small table. 20 . The success of mobile food vendors lies in their ability to adapt to the needs of modern society. They provide a fast and convenient dining option for those on the go, while also offering a unique and authentic dining experience. As the world continues to urbanize and become more mobile, it’s likely that mobile food vendors will continue to thrive and evolve. A．That is what makes food carts such a clever idea. B．Food carts could bring vendors handsome incomes. C．Vendors with wooden carts sold fried fish to the people of Athens. D．The people of Rome lived in tiny homes without much space to cook. E．At the end of the day, they are packed up and pulled away by a car or truck. F．Street eats often remind you of the good times you spend with your friends. G．They could be put together and carried here and there in search of customers. （十四） 【2023-2024学年福建省福清市高一下学期期末】How many advertisements have you seen in your life? 12 Advertisements are a great way to make people aware of products, issues, and more. But has advertising become a problem for society? If let me rate the current online advertising risks, I would probably give 2 points. 13 Advertising makes us associate happiness with consumerism (消费主义). After they’ve achieved to ruin our self-esteem (自尊), advertisements are trying to fool us into thinking that only products and services can make us feel better. 14 What is it? You guessed right: Shopping. Once they achieve to make you feel ugly, they sell you beauty products so you can improve on your ugliness. Once they manage to make you believe that you are not important, they sell you expensive clothes so you can attract the attention of others. And so on and so forth. 15 We have an economic system in which people have to make money in order to survive — and this can be clearly seen in the advertising industry. By showing you what the ideal life is supposed to be, and then making you compare your ordinary life to it, they slowly lead you to believe that you’re not beautiful, intelligent, confident, and so on, until they fully convince you that you are basically not good. The reason? To make you feel insecure so that they can then emotionally control you. In short, advertisements promise you happiness, provided that you spend money in return. The result? 16 A．Advertising pushes us to make money. B．Advertising makes us feel that we’re not good enough. C．So what exactly are the main problems of advertising on society? D．The average person sees between 280 and 310 advertisements per day. E．Without shopping, advertisements tell you that you can’t find happiness. F．In other words, advertisements create a problem and then offer us a solution to it. G．Consuming stuff you don’t even need and leading to waste that is pollution our planet. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05 阅读理解之七选五 （一） 【2023-2024学年福建省福建师范大学附属中学高一下学期期末】When you say, “You shouldn’t do that,” to a teenager, your feedback (反馈) is likely to be met with an eye roll. By the time kids turn into teens, they don’t think they need much help from adults — especially their parents. 13 It’s important for your teens to be able to hear constructive criticism without automatically becoming defensive. 14 They’ll need your advice on how they can improve their chances of success. But before they can take that advice, they’ll have to be open to listening to it. 15 Every time you give your teens constructive criticism, you give them an opportunity to grow and change. If you’re offering constructive feedback, view your role as a guide. Point out what your teen did well while adding what she/he could do better next time. Besides, point out mistakes in a gentle manner. It can help them see that mistakes aren’t something they should be ashamed of. 16 They can learn how to bounce back from failure. 17 If your teens don’t trust you when you are giving them feedback, they won’t listen to what you have to say. Rather than thinking about how to apply your feedback to their life, they’ll invest their energy into thinking why your advice doesn’t matter. If your teens respect you, they’ll have respect for your opinion. It must be noted that after you’ve expressed your concern, ask your teens for their opinion. Showing a willingness to listen to them can go a long way toward encouraging them to listen to you. A．Listen to your teens’ opinion. B．It could help them become a better person. C．Instead, they can use it as a learning opportunity. D．Your teens need to know how to improve their social skills. E．For constructive criticism, a healthy relationship is necessary. F．Then, they’ll need to be able to be open to changing their behavior. G．However, constructive criticism can be essential to your teens’ welfare. 【答案】13．G 14．B 15．F 16．C 17．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是父母给孩子建设性批评的重要性和方法。 13．空前说“When you say, “You shouldn’t do that,” to a teenager, your feedback (反馈) is likely to be met with an eye roll. By the time kids turn into teens, they don’t think they need much help from adults — especially their parents.(当你对一个青少年说“你不应该那样做”的时候，你的反馈很可能会被对方翻白眼。当孩子们变成青少年时，他们认为他们不需要成年人的太多帮助——尤其是他们的父母。)”，说明像空前所说的那种反馈是不行的，空后说“It’s important for your teens to be able to hear constructive criticism without automatically becoming defensive.(对你的孩子来说，能够听到建设性的批评而不是自动地变得防御是很重要的。)”，说明孩子需要建设性的批评，G选项“However, constructive criticism can be essential to your teens’ welfare.(然而，建设性的批评对你的孩子的幸福是至关重要的。)”说明了建设性的批评很重要，是孩子需要的，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选G。 14．空前说“It’s important for your teens to be able to hear constructive criticism without automatically becoming defensive.(对你的孩子来说，能够听到建设性的批评而不是自动地变得防御是很重要的。)”，说明建设性的批评很重要，空后说“They’ll need your advice on how they can improve their chances of success.(他们需要你的建议，告诉他们如何提高成功的机会。)”，这是在说建设性批评的好处，空格处也应该说建设性批评的好处，B选项“It could help them become a better person.(它可以帮助他们成为一个更好的人。)”说明了建设性批评的好处，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。 15．空前说“But before they can take that advice, they’ll have to be open to listening to it.(但在他们接受这些建议之前，他们必须愿意听取这些建议。)”，说明首先要他们愿意听，空后说“Every time you give your teens constructive criticism, you give them an opportunity to grow and change.(每次你给你的孩子建设性的批评，你给了他们一个成长和改变的机会。)”说明孩子在听完建议后会改变，F选项“Then, they’ll need to be able to be open to changing their behavior.(然后，他们需要能够开放地改变他们的行为。)”说明了他们听完建议会改变，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选F。 16．空前说“Point out what your teen did well while adding what she/he could do better next time. Besides, point out mistakes in a gentle manner. It can help them see that mistakes aren’t something they should be ashamed of.(指出你的孩子做得好的地方，同时补充他/她下次可以做得更好的地方。此外，要以温和的态度指出错误。这可以帮助他们明白错误不应该让他们感到羞耻。)”，这说明的是应该怎么给孩子给建议，以及这么做的好处，他们不应该把错误看成是令人羞耻的，空格处就应该说那应该把错误看成什么，空后说“They can learn how to bounce back from failure.(他们可以学习如何从失败中振作起来。)”，说明错误应该被看作是学习的机会，C选项“Instead, they can use it as a learning opportunity.(相反，他们可以把它当作一个学习的机会。)”说明了孩子可以把错误看成是学习的机会，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选C。 17．空格处是本段主题句，空后说“If your teens don’t trust you when you are giving them feedback, they won’t listen to what you have to say. Rather than thinking about how to apply your feedback to their life, they’ll invest their energy into thinking why your advice doesn’t matter. If your teens respect you, they’ll have respect for your opinion.(如果你的孩子在你给他们反馈的时候不信任你，他们就不会听你说什么。他们不会考虑如何将你的反馈应用到他们的生活中，而是会把精力投入到为什么你的建议不重要上。如果你的孩子尊重你，他们也会尊重你的意见。)”，说明要给建设性的批评，首先要孩子和父母互相信任，也就是关系要良好，E选项“For constructive criticism, a healthy relationship is necessary.(对于建设性的批评，健康的关系是必要的。)”说明了孩子和父母之间好的关系很重要，概括了本段主旨，可作为主题句，故选E。 （二） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州第一中学高一下学期期末】Have you ever wondered why it feels so satisfying to sing in the shower? You are alone. You are warm. The air is moist (潮湿的), making your throat feel comfortable. 16 You’re at once relaxed and pleasantly energized by the water. Little can take you away from the simple tasks at hand. You control the speed and pitch. And the bathroom provides wonderful resonance (共鸣). Now imagine singing while driving. You are sitting, stuck by a tight seat belt that limits airflow. Without any warm-up, you probably start right in with the first song you hear. The air is drier. And to stay awake, you may be drinking coffee, which can make you thirsty. 17 While singing along to the radio, your voice may get lost in the noise of the song and the car. From my personal experience, I realize the importance of not only focusing but also setting the right conditions during practice. 18 This is why some argue against baseball players practising hitting before a game. They try hitting different types of throws, even slower ones that they wouldn’t see in a real game. 19 To warm up, I practise deep breathing exercises and relax my tongue with “blah blah blahs.” Brightening my face helps make my sound more energetic. My voice becomes richer and stronger when I practise opening up my mouth by yawning, imagining the back of my mouth expanding like a frog’s. I also adjust the way I stand. 20 A．As a saying goes, practice makes perfect. B．The stress of driving and staying safe keeps you tense. C．I always try to recreate the great feeling of singing in the shower wherever I am. D．You are standing up straight. E．You are annoyedly clearing your throat. F．Poor training may lead to poor results. G．After all, an upright guitar wouldn’t sound right if it was bent. 【答案】16．D 17．B 18．F 19．C 20．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了为什么淋浴时唱歌会让人感到满足。 16．上文“You are alone. You are warm. The air is moist, making your throat feel wet.(你独自一人。你是温暖的。空气潮湿，使你的喉咙感到湿润)”和下文“You’re at once relaxed and pleasantly energized by the water. Little can take you away from the simple tasks at hand. You control the speed and pitch. And the bathroom provides wonderful resonance (共鸣).(在水里，你会立刻感到放松和愉悦。没有什么能让你离开手头的简单任务。你控制速度和俯仰。浴室提供了美妙的共鸣)”都是描写淋浴时的状态。D项“You are standing up straight.(你直直站着)”与上下文语意一致，同时在句式上与上文中“You are alone. You are warm.”相照应，符合语境。故选D。 17．根据上文“Now imagine singing while driving. You are sitting, stuck by a tight seat belt that limits airflow. Without any warm-up, you probably start right in with the first song you hear. The air is drier. And to stay awake, you may be drinking coffee, which can make you thirsty.(现在想象一下边开车边唱歌。你坐着，被一个限制气流的紧安全带卡住了。在没有任何热身的情况下，你可能会从听到的第一首歌开始。空气更干燥了。为了保持清醒，你可能会喝咖啡，这会让你口渴)”和下文“While singing along to the radio, your voice may get lost in the noise of the song and the car.(当你跟着收音机唱歌时，你的声音可能会消失在歌曲和汽车的噪音中)”可知，本句主要是描述我们在开车时唱歌的感受。B项“The stress of driving and staying safe keeps you tense.(驾驶和安全的压力让你紧张)”与本段主题一致，句中“driving”照应上下文内容。故选B。 18．根据下文“This is why some argue against baseball players practising hitting before a game.(这就是为什么有些人反对棒球运动员在比赛前练习击球)”中“This is why...”可推知，设空句是下文中有些人反对棒球运动员在比赛前练习击球的原因。F项“Poor training may lead to poor results.(糟糕的训练可能导致糟糕的结果)”说明原因：糟糕的训练可能导致糟糕的结果，与下文构成因果关系。故选F。 19．下文“To warm up, I practise deep breathing exercises and relax my tongue with “blah blah blahs.” Brightening my face helps make my sound more energetic. My voice becomes richer and stronger when I practise opening up my mouth by yawning, imagining the back of my mouth expanding like a frog’s. I also adjust the way I stand.(为了热身，我做深呼吸练习，用“blah blah blah”来放松舌头。让我的脸变得明亮有助于让我的声音更有活力。当我通过打哈欠练习张开嘴巴，想象我的嘴巴后部像青蛙一样张开时，我的声音变得更丰满、更有力。我也调整了站立的方式)”描述了热身的动作，是对C项“I always try to recreate the great feeling of singing in the shower wherever I am.(无论我在哪里，我总是试图重现淋浴时唱歌的美妙感觉)”中“recreate the great feeling of singing in the shower”的详细阐述，作者试图用这种方式来找到感觉，上下文语意连贯。故选C。 20．根据上文“I also adjust the way I stand. (我也调整了站立的方式)”可知，作者在热身时要调整站立姿势，G项“After all, an upright guitar wouldn’t sound right if it was bent.(毕竟，一把直立的吉他如果是弯曲的，声音就不好听了)”用比喻的手法来说明要调整站立姿势的原因，上下文语意连贯。故选G。 （三） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州市八县（市）协作校高一下学期期末】Scientific Ways to Improve Our Memory If you have trouble in remembering the date or the number, you are not the only one. 36 However, a research study at UCLA in 2006 has shown that there are scientific ways to improve brain functions through simple lifestyle changes. Exercise regularly 37 So put on your trainers, go outside and start working up a good sweat. It’s healthy for both your mind and your body. 38 It’s a well-known fact eating vegetables can help keep your body healthy, and includes your brain. Various research papers state that vegetables can help lower oxidative stress in your brain as well as help retain healthy cognitive functions. Reduce stress levels Research found that intense and persistent stress, especially at high levels, can easily impair our memory and disturb our cognitive skills. 39 You can do this by meditating or taking a walk. Play video games Yes, you heard us. Get on that controller and spend a couple of hours playing your favorite video game. It’s good for your mind, according to a recent study that illustrated how these pastimes can help improve the functioning of various memory-associated regions in the brain. 40 A．Eat your vegetables. B．Try healthy foods. C．Hundreds of students suffer from poor memory. D．Memory is to experience reporting in the mind in the past. E．But don’t go overboard, too much of a good thing can be bad for you. F．So slow down, and ease yourself into taking it down a notch (冷静). G．Research found that leading a sedentary(久坐不动的) lifestyle can lead to memory loss. 【答案】36．C 37．G 38．A 39．F 40．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍的是提高记忆力的科学方法。 36．根据空前“If you have trouble in remembering the date or the number, you are not the only one.(如果你在记住日期或号码方面有困难，你不是唯一一个.)”可知，记不住日期或号码的还有很多人，故C选项“Hundreds of students suffer from poor memory.(数百名学生的记忆力都很差。)”符合，承接上文，说明还有很多人记忆力不好，因此C选项承接上文。故选C。 37．根据本段小标题 “Exercise regularly(定期锻炼)”可知，本段是讲锻炼可以提高记忆力。再结合空后“So put on your trainers, go outside and start working up a good sweat.(所以穿上运动鞋，走到户外，开始运动，让自己大汗淋漓)”推断出，空格处应提出如果不锻炼会有什么后果。故G选项“Research found that leading a sedentary(久坐不动的) lifestyle can lead to memory loss.(研究发现，久坐不动的生活方式会导致记忆力减退。)”说明了不锻炼的坏处，为下文提出锻炼的好处做好铺垫，因此G选项引起下文。故选G。 38．根据本段内容“It’s a well-known fact eating vegetables can help keep your body healthy, and includes your brain.(众所周知，吃蔬菜可以帮助你保持身体健康，包括你的大脑)”可知，本段是要讲吃蔬菜有利于提高记忆力，故A选项“Eat your vegetables(吃你的蔬菜)”概括了吃蔬菜这个主题，可作为小标题。故选A。 39．根据空前“Research found that intense and persistent stress, especially at high levels, can easily impair our memory and disturb our cognitive skills. (研究发现，强烈和持续的压力，尤其是高水平的压力，很容易损害我们的记忆和扰乱我们的认知技能。)”可知，由此说明，我们需要放松，要减少压力。故F选项“So slow down, and ease yourself into taking it down a notch (冷静).(所以慢下来，让自己放松下来)”承接下文，说明要放松下来，且空格后的“You can do this by meditating or taking a walk.(你可以通过冥想或散步来做到这一点。)”说明了放松的具体方法，由此F选项承上启下。故选F。 40．根据空前“Yes, you heard us. Get on that controller and spend a couple of hours playing your favorite video game. It’s good for your mind, according to a recent study that illustrated how these pastimes can help improve the functioning of various memory-associated regions in the brain.(是的，你听到了。打开控制器，花几个小时玩你最喜欢的电子游戏。最近的一项研究表明，这些娱乐活动可以帮助改善大脑中与记忆相关的各个区域的功能，这对你的大脑有好处)”，这说明了打电子游戏有利于提高记忆力，但是根据常识，打电子游戏太多是不好的，E选项“But don’t go overboard, too much of a good thing can be bad for you.(但不要太过头，好事过了头可能对你有害。)”强调了不要打太多电子游戏，由此E选项承接上文。故选E。 （四） 【2023-2024学年福建省南平市高一下学期期末】It’s hard to be energetic in your daily activities when worries are controlling your thoughts and influencing your work, school, or your home life. 16 In fact, trying to do so often makes your worries stronger. But that doesn’t mean there’s nothing you can do to control worries. 17 Rather than trying to stop an anxious thought, the following are what you can do to help: allow yourself to have it, let it out, and get physically active. Create a worry period. Choose a set time and place for worrying. It should be the same every day and early enough that it won’t make you anxious right before bedtime. During your  worry period, you’re allowed to worry about whatever is on your mind. 18 19 If an anxious thought comes into your head during the day, make a brief note of it. Taking it down is like saying it out, which helps you to reduce worries. Also, writing down your thoughts is much harder work than simply thinking them,so your worries are more likely to lose their power. Get up and get moving. Exercise is a natural and effective treatment against anxiety because it helps relieve stress, promote energy,and improve your sense of well-being (幸福). Even more importantly,by really focusing on how your body feels as you move,you can stop worries running through your head. 20 A．Write down your worries. B．You just need a different method. C．Remind yourself of the unfinished. D．Telling yourself to stop worrying doesn’t work. E．The rest of the day, however, is a worry-free time. F．The more you practice, the more control you’ll start to feel over your worries. G．As you relieve worries this way, you’ll find it easier to build up your confidence. 【答案】16．D 17．B 18．E 19．A 20．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何应对日常生活中的忧虑，提出了一些具体的方法和建议。 16．根据下文“In fact, trying to do so often makes your worries stronger(事实上，试图这样做往往会使你的忧虑更加强烈)”可知，此处表达试图停止忧虑是无效的，与D项“Telling yourself to stop worrying doesn’t work.(告诉自己停止忧虑并不起作用)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。 17．根据上文“But that doesn’t mean there’s nothing you can do to control worrie(但这并不意味着你无法控制忧虑)”以及下文“Rather than trying to stop an anxious thought, the following are what you can do to help: allow yourself to have it, let it out, and get physically active.(与其试图停止焦虑的想法，不如采取以下方法来帮助自己：允许自己有焦虑的想法，释放出来，并进行身体活动)”可知，此处需要一个转折的句子，表达需要采取不同的方法来应对忧虑，与B项“You just need a different method(你只需要一个不同的方法)”表达的含义一致，故选B项。 18．根据上文“Create a worry period. Choose a set time and place for worrying. It should be the same every day and early enough that it won’t make you anxious right before bedtime. During your worry period, you’re allowed to worry about whatever is on your mind(设定一个忧虑时间。选择一个固定的时间和地点来忧虑。它应该是每天相同的，并且足够早，不会让你在临睡前感到焦虑。在你的忧虑时间里，你可以担心任何在你脑海中的事情)”可知，此处需要一个总结的句子，表达除了忧虑时间外，其他时间都是无忧无虑的，与E项“The rest of the day, however, is a worry-free time(然而，一天中的其他时间都是无忧无虑的)”表达的含义一致，故选E项。 19．根据下文“If an anxious thought comes into your head during the day, make a brief note of it. Taking it down is like saying it out, which helps you to reduce worries. Also, writing down your thoughts is much harder work than simply thinking them, so your worries are more likely to lose their power.(如果在白天有一个焦虑的想法进入你的脑海，简要地记下来。把它写下来就像说出来一样，这有助于你减少忧虑。此外，写下你的想法比简单地思考它们要困难得多，所以你的忧虑更有可能失去它们的力量)”可知，此处需要一个主题句，表达将忧虑写下来的方法，与A项“Write down your worries(写下你的忧虑)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。 20．根据上文“Get up and get moving. Exercise is a natural and effective treatment against anxiety because it helps relieve stress, promote energy, and improve your sense of well-being (幸福). Even more importantly, by really focusing on how your body feels as you move, you can stop worries running through your head(起来活动一下。锻炼是一种自然而有效的对抗焦虑的方法，因为它有助于缓解压力，提升能量，改善你的幸福感。更重要的是，通过真正关注你的身体在移动时的感觉，你可以阻止忧虑在你的脑海中蔓延)”可知，此处需要一个总结的句子，表达通过练习，你会感到对忧虑有更多的控制，与F项“The more you practice, the more control you’ll start to feel over your worries.(你练习得越多，你就会开始感到对你的忧虑有更多的控制)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。 （五） 【2023-2024学年福建省宁德市高一下学期期末】Many people think that being healthy is a difficult task that means lots of dieting and time at the gym, but that’s actually not true! 12 Soon, you’ll start to see your healthy life taking shape! Eat at the right times. A good time for a healthy, easy-to-digest evening meal is between 17:00 and 20:00. It’s best to avoid late-night snacks, 13 If you do need that midnight snack, stick to unsalted nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables. Get outside. When you spend time outdoors, the fresh air helps to reduce your stress. Step away from your screens and spend some time in the sun going for a walk, or staying active with a sport. 14 Think positively. 15 A simple positive twist on a situation can turn a setback into an opportunity. Not only will you have more energy for life, but your body can also fight off colds and heart disease better! 16 Getting poor-quality sleep not only makes you easier to get sick, but also increases the time you need to recover from illness. When you sleep well, you can wake up ready to go and be more active all day. A．Get a good night’s rest. B．Create a daily routine. C．so a positive attitude can help you avoid unhealthy habits. D．because they fill you with unnecessary calories and can affect your sleep. E．It’s amazing how much power our minds have over everything in our lives. F．Start a healthier daily habit when it comes to eating, relaxing, being active, and sleeping. G．As an added benefit, the sun helps you get some vitamin D that’s important to your body. 【答案】12．F 13．D 14．G 15．E 16．A 【导语】本文是说明文。作者解释说明了健康生活方式：合理饮食、户外锻炼、积极心态与充足睡眠。 12．从上文的“Many people think that being healthy is a difficult task that means lots of dieting and time at the gym, but that’s actually not true!(许多人认为保持健康是一项艰巨的任务，这意味着要大量节食和去健身房，但事实并非如此！)”可知，上文提到很多人认为保持健康很难，需要节食和很多健身房时间，但实际上并非如此。F项“Start a healthier daily habit when it comes to eating, relaxing, being active, and sleeping.(开始养成健康的日常习惯，在饮食、放松、活动和睡眠方面。)”提出了一个解决方案，即在日常的吃、放松、运动和睡眠方面养成更健康的习惯。这也与后文提到的具体健康习惯（如吃饭时间、户外活动、积极思考、良好睡眠）相呼应。故选F。 13．上文“It’s best to avoid late-night snacks,(最好避免深夜小吃)”提到最好避免深夜小吃，接下来的D选项“because they fill you with unnecessary calories and can affect your sleep.(因为它们会给你带来不必要的卡路里，并可能影响你的睡眠。)”解释了为什么应该避免深夜小吃。故选D。 14．第三段提到“When you spend time outdoors, the fresh air helps to reduce your stress. Step away from your screens and spend some time in the sun going for a walk, or staying active with a sport.(当你在户外活动时，新鲜空气有助于减轻你的压力。远离屏幕，在阳光下散散步，或者参加一项运动。)”户外运动时说到，新鲜空气有助于减轻压力，并建议进行户外活动如散步或运动。G选项“As an added benefit, the sun helps you get some vitamin D that’s important to your body.(作为额外的好处，提到阳光有助于身体获取重要的维生素D)”也进一步说到阳光可以有助于身体获取重要的维生素D，这与前文提到的户外活动相呼应，这是户外运动的额外的健康益处。故选G。 15．第四段以“Think positively.(积极思考)”开头，强调了积极思考的重要性。E项“It’s amazing how much power our minds have over everything in our lives.(我们的思想对我们的生活有多大的影响力真是令人惊叹)”作为引入句，和小标题呼应，并为后文关于积极思考能带来的好处做了铺垫。故选E。 16．最后一段提到“Getting poor-quality sleep not only makes you easier to get sick, but also increases the time you need to recover from illness. When you sleep well, you can wake up ready to go and be more active all day.(睡眠质量差不仅会让你更容易生病，还会增加你从疾病中恢复的时间。当你睡得好的时候，你可以起床准备出发，一整天都更加活跃。)”睡眠不足不仅会让你更容易生病，还会增加你从疾病中恢复所需的时间。而良好的睡眠可以让你醒来时精力充沛，整天都更加活跃。因此，A选项“Get a good night’s rest.(获得一个良好的夜间休息)”作为该段的小标题，与后文内容紧密相连。故选A。 （六） 【2023-2024学年福建省莆田市高一下学期期末】 Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized nations. They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago. 32 The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly. Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses. 33 So they are called “diseases of civilization”. Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases. Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco, probably none. 34 However, a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today. Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic ones. They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They did not have milk or any other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains. 35 We eat six times more salt than our ancestors. We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C． 36 But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way the ancient people did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food. A．Modern people used to suffer from “diseases of civilization”. B．People today probably don’t want to live like our ancestors. C．These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times. D．Ancient people also got lots of physical exercise. E．In that case, they would live much healthier. F．But today, we enjoy eating a lot of these. G．Stone Age people lived a simple life. 【答案】32．E 33．C 34．D 35．F 36．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于现代和早期人们不同的饮食方式，倡导人们学习饮食方式，提倡少盐、少脂和少糖的健康饮食。 32．上文“Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized nations. They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago.(最近，一些美国科学家向工业化国家的人们提出了一条有用的建议。他们说，人们应该多吃生活在一万多年前的人类吃的同类食物。)”提出建议：人们应该多吃生活在一万多年前的人类吃的同类食物，E项“In that case, they would live much healthier.(假如那样的话，他们会活得更健康)”解释原因，多吃生活在一万多年前的人类吃的同类食物可以让人们更健康，句中“In that case”照应上文中“eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago”，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 33．根据下文“So they are called “diseases of civilization”.(它们被称为“文明病”)”可知，设空处与下文是因果关系。C项“These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.(这些新病在古代并不为人所知)”与下文构成果关系：因为这些病在古代不为人知，所以被称为“文明病”，同时句中“These new sicknesses”指代上文中“new kinds of sicknesses”，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。 34．根据下文“However, a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today.(然而，食物的变化是古代和现代生活的主要区别之一)”中“However”可知，上下文之间是转折关系，下文说食物的变化是古代和现代生活的主要区别。结合选项推知，D项“Ancient people also got lots of physical exercise.(古人也进行大量的体育锻炼)”介绍“古代和现代生活的相似之处”与下文构成转折关系，且句中“also”表明D项与上文是并列关系，都是在说古代和现代生活的相似之处。故选D项。 35．上文“Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic ones. They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They did not have milk or any other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains.(石器时代的人们猎取野生动物的肉，它们的脂肪比家养动物少得多。他们吃了很多新鲜的野菜和水果。他们没有牛奶或任何其他乳制品，他们很少使用谷物)”讲石器时代人们的饮食习惯，下文“We eat six times more salt than our ancestors. We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C.(我们吃的盐是我们祖先的六倍多。我们吃更多的糖。我们吃了两倍的脂肪，但只有三分之一的蛋白质和更少的维生素C)”讲与他们相比，我们的饮食习惯。F项“But today, we enjoy eating a lot of these.(但是今天，我们喜欢吃很多这些东西)”承上启下，对比过去和现在人们食物的变化，上下文衔接自然。故选F项。 36．根据下文“But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way the ancient people did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food.(但是科学家们说，如果我们像古人那样吃，减少脂肪、咸和甜的食物的量，我们会更健康)”中转折连词“But”可知，上下文之间是转折关系。B项“People today probably don’t want to live like our ancestors.(今天的人们可能不想像我们的祖先那样生活)”讲今天的人们不想像祖先那样生活，与下文“像古人那样吃，我们会更健康”之间是转折关系，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。 （七） 【2023-2024学年福建省泉州市高一下学期期末】When it comes to learning a new language, adults are at a disadvantage. However, a recent study found that some language learners who started as adults scored as well as native speakers. 16 Trying the following methods may help you speed up the learning progress. ◆Do spaced repetition. 17 You might revise a new word a few times in one practice, and then again the next day. Once you know it well you’ll be able to leave days or weeks between revisions without forgetting it. ◆Study content, not the language. According to a study, when the students learn another subject taught in English instead of a class only to teach English, they tested better listening and are more willing to learn. Students in the standard English class scored better on reading and writing tests. Thus, once you’ve mastered the basics of a new language, try having conversations with friends learning the same language. 18 ◆Practice a little every day. If you’re busy, you might put off your studying. Yet you might cram (塞入) in a big chunk of learning once every week or two. 19 Your brain’s “inbox” has limited space. Therefore, the best use of the brain is to study in small chunks each day. ◆ 20 The brain prefers freshness but gives way to too many new ideas at once. New ideas work best when they’re mixed in with familiar information. When you add new words to your vocabulary, try integrating them with in-between words you’re already familiar with. So they’ll stand out — your brain will hold on to them more easily. A．Mix new and old. B．Enlarge vocabulary. C．In spaced repetition, you learn regularly. D．You can also read articles online or listen to a program. E．However, studying a little daily is actually more effective. F．It shows that if you are willing to learn, it’s not necessarily too late. G．Spaced repetition could help strengthen your conversation abilities. 【答案】16．F 17．C 18．D 19．E 20．A 【导语】本文体裁为说明文。文章主要通过提出建议的方式，说明了成年人如何更有效地学习新语言，内容务实且具有指导性，旨在帮助读者了解和采纳科学的语言学习方法。 16．由上文“When it comes to learning a new language, adults are at a disadvantage. However, a recent study found that some language learners who started as adults scored as well as native speakers. (在学习一门新语言时，成年人处于不利地位。然而，最近的一项研究发现，一些成年后开始学习语言的人的得分和母语人士一样高。)”可知，研究发现一些成年开始学习语言的人也能达到与母语者相近的水平，这表明成人学习新语言并不一定处于绝对劣势。因此，此空应衔接这一积极的信息，表达意愿和努力的重要性。选项F“It shows that if you are willing to learn, it’s not necessarily too late. (这表明，如果你愿意学习，不一定就太晚了)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 17．此段落标题为“Do spaced repetition. (进行间隔重复)”可知，接下来的内容会解释什么是间隔重复以及其作用。选项C“In spaced repetition, you learn regularly. (在间隔重复中，你会定期学习)”正好概括了间隔重复的核心概念，即定期复习，符合段落主题，故选C。 18．由上文“According to a study, when the students learn another subject taught in English instead of a class only to teach English, they tested better listening and are more willing to learn. Students in the standard English class scored better on reading and writing tests. Thus, once you’ve mastered the basics of a new language, try having conversations with friends learning the same language. (根据一项研究，当学生学习另一门用英语教授的课程而不是只教英语的课程时，他们的听力测试更好，更愿意学习。标准英语班的学生在阅读和写作测试中得分更高。因此，一旦你掌握了一门新语言的基本知识，试着和学这门语言的朋友交谈。)”可知，上文建议在掌握基础后，可以尝试与学习相同语言的朋友进行对话，本空应继续提及具体建议。选项D“You can also read articles online or listen to a program. (你也可以在线阅读文章或听节目)”为新增的学习方式，符合学习内容而非仅限语言本身的建议，能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。 19．由上文“If you’re busy, you might put off your studying. Yet you might cram (塞入) in a big chunk of learning once every week or two. (如果你很忙，你可能会推迟学习。然而，你可能会每一两个星期死记硬背一次。)”可知，此空上文提到可能因为忙碌而每周或每隔两周才集中学习一次，接下来应该对比说明每日少量学习的效果。选项E“However, studying a little daily is actually more effective. (然而，实际上每天学习一点点更有效)”符合对比转折的语境，符合题意。故选E。 20．由下文“The brain prefers freshness but gives way to too many new ideas at once. New ideas work best when they’re mixed in with familiar information. When you add new words to your vocabulary, try integrating them with in-between words you’re already familiar with. So they’ll stand out - your brain will hold on to them more easily. (大脑喜欢新鲜的东西，但同时也会让位于太多的新想法。当新想法与熟悉的信息混合在一起时，效果最好。当你在词汇表中增加新单词时，试着把它们与你已经熟悉的单词结合起来。所以它们会很突出——你的大脑会更容易记住它们。)”可知，本空需要选择一个概括下文信息的短语。下文内容涉及新旧信息结合的学习方法，选项A“Mix new and old. (混合新旧内容)”准确概括了这一策略，符合题意。故选A。 （八） 【2023-2024学年福建省三明市高一下学期期末】Nowadays, many people tend to use comparisons as a force to beat themselves up.   16 They are targets of whole billion-dollar industries whose success is dependent upon women being unhappy with themselves in some way, such as the beauty industry and the fashion industry. In fact, negative comparisons are impacting mental and physical health. Here are some expert tips to stop them and refocus your energy on positive things. Find your model 17 However, you can choose who you're comparing yourself to. Cultivate a tight group of friends and family, people who you admire and trust and who you know want you to be the best version of yourself. Go offline “Go touch grass” is a popular internet saying for “It's time for a digital removal.” But the joking comment makes a good point. The outside world is a physical reminder that there are so many things more important than our waistlines, clothing or bank account. 18 Take exercise regularly and keep a healthy diet. It turns out that all those things that are good for your heart are also good for your head. Plus, taking care of your body is a loving act of kindness and will help you appreciate your body more. Learn self-compassion (自我关怀) Self-compassion isn’t something that just happens. 19 It is decided by how we choose to talk to ourselves. Self-compassion is the act of relating to yourself in an understanding and caring way. In the same way you would treat your closest friend if they were struggling similarly. Meanwhile, please remember not all comparisons are a bad idea. 20 For example, positive, healthy comparison can be a useful way to find inspiration and set goals. Comparing past versions of yourself to your current state may also shed light on the ways in which you've grown or remind you of meaningful things you may have lost sight of. A．Improve your healthy habits. B．This is especially true for women. C．It's built up and torn down every day. D．They are not good for your improvement. E．Remember that comparison is human nature. F．Healthy competition is a great force to improve. G．Perhaps some comparisons can damage your health. 【答案】16．B 17．E 18．A 19．C 20．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文，消极的比较、攀比会影响心理和身体健康，文章介绍了一些停止消极比较的建议，以把精力重新集中在积极的事情上。 16．上文“Nowadays, many people tend to use comparisons as a force to beat themselves up.(如今，许多人倾向于用比较作为一种力量来打败自己)”提到许多人倾向于用比较作为一种力量来打败自己，结合下文“They are targets of whole billion-dollar industries whose success is dependent upon women being unhappy with themselves in some way, such as the beauty industry and the fashion industry.(她们是数十亿美元产业的目标，这些产业的成功取决于女性在某种程度上对自己不满意，比如美容业和时尚业)”提到某些特定人群，故空处应是引出这类人，表明下文“They”的指代内容，B项“这对女性来说尤其如此”符合语境，故选B。 17．根据本段小标题“Find your model(找到你的比较对象)”以及下文“However, you can choose who you're comparing yourself to.(然而，你可以选择和谁比较)”可知，本段是关于比较，E项“记住，比较是人类的天性”符合语境，与下文构成转折关系，故选E。 18．根据本段中“Take exercise regularly and keep a healthy diet.(经常锻炼，保持健康的饮食)”可知，本段主要讲述关于健康的习惯，A项“改进你的健康习惯”符合语境，故选A。 19．上文“Self-compassion isn’t something that just happens.(自我关怀不是自然而然发生的事情)”提到自我关怀不是自然而然发生的事情，空处应是接着说它是如何建立的，C项“它每天都在建立和拆除”符合语境，故选C。 20．上文“Meanwhile, please remember not all comparisons are a bad idea.(同时，请记住并不是所有的比较都是坏主意)”提到并不是所有的比较都是坏主意，下文“For example, positive, healthy comparison can be a useful way to find inspiration and set goals.(例如，积极、健康的比较是找到灵感和设定目标的有效方法)”举例说明了某些比较的好处，F项“良性竞争是推动进步的强大力量”符合语境，故选F。 （九） 【2023-2024学年福建省厦门市高一下学期期末】Being able to accept criticism (批评) and use it wisely is not just an important life skill; it’ll also make you happier. 16 Here are several rules for doing just that. It’s not personal. When we receive criticism, we tend to consider it a judgment on our abilities rather than on our performance. 17 The solution is to set up an internal belief such as: “It’s not a personal attack on me. I’ll think about it on its face about the matter at hand.” Treat criticism like helpful information. Depersonalizing (去个人化) criticism is a helpful approach that moves the focus from emotion to analysis. 18 It’s a rare glimpse into what outsiders think about your performance, and thus a potential opportunity to correct course and improve. Make criticism a gift, never a weapon. 19 For some—bosses, for example—doing so is part of the job. The key to criticizing to best effect is to remember the gift/weapon rule: If I am criticizing to help, I am doing it right; if I am doing it to harm,I am doing it wrong. Praise in public, criticize in private. A study showed that positive feedback given to students in public was 9 percent more inspiring than when given privately, while negative feedback in private was 11 percent more inspiring than in public. So what does that mean for your rude Amazon reviews? 20 Or better yet, don’t send them at all—unless you truly intend them to be constructive. A．Unfortunately, we hate being criticized. B．Send them to the author directly, if you dare. C．We all have to give criticism from time to time. D．Once you do it, you can start to see criticism for what it is. E．We may naturally analyze the critic rather than the criticism itself. F．It leads to lower self-worth, lower positive mood and less confidence. G．A way to master the skill is to form new habits of getting and giving criticism. 【答案】16．G 17．F 18．D 19．C 20．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要强调了如何正确处理和运用批评，帮助读者克服接受批评时常见的负面情绪和反应，从而更好地改进自己的表现和促进自我成长。 16．根据上文的“Being able to accept criticism and use it wisely is not just an important life skill; it’ll also make you happier. (能够接受批评并明智地使用它不仅仅是一项重要的生活技能；它也会让你更快乐。)”和下文的“Here are several rules for doing just that.(这里有一些规则可以帮助你做到这一点。)”可知，G项(掌握这项技能的一个方法是养成接受批评和给予批评的新习惯。)承接上文，指出了如何掌握“能够接受批评并明智地使用它”这项技能，下文引出后文的具体做法。故选G项。 17．根据上文的“When we receive criticism, we tend to consider it a judgment on our abilities rather than on our performance. (当我们受到批评时，我们倾向于认为这是对我们能力的评判，而不是对我们表现的评判。)”和下文的“The solution is to set up an internal belief such as: “It’s not a personal attack on me. I’ll think about it on its face about the matter at hand.”(解决办法是建立一种内在信念，比如：“这不是对我的人身攻击。我要认真考虑一下手头的事情。”)”可知，F项(它会降低自我价值感，降低积极情绪，降低自信。)承接上文，说明了我们的常规想法是错误的，会带来危害，下文指出如何解决这个问题。故选F项。 18．根据上文的“Depersonalizing criticism is a helpful approach that moves the focus from emotion to analysis. (去个人化的批评是一种很有帮助的方法，可以将焦点从情感转移到分析。)”和下文的“It’s a rare glimpse into what outsiders think about your performance, and thus a potential opportunity to correct course and improve.(这是一个难得的机会，让你了解外人对你的表现的看法，因此，这是一个潜在的机会，可以纠正错误，提高自己。)”可知，D项(一旦你这样做了，你就会开始看到批评的本质。)承接上文，说明了去个人化的批评能够使你看清批评的本质，下文评价这是一个好机会可以提升自己。故选D项。 19．根据下文的“For some—bosses, for example—doing so is part of the job. The key to criticizing to best effect is to remember the gift/weapon rule: If I am criticizing to help, I am doing it right; if I am doing it to harm,I am doing it wrong.(对某些人来说，比如老板，这样做是工作的一部分。批评的关键在于记住“礼物/武器”规则：如果我批评是为了帮助别人，那我就做对了；如果我这样做是为了伤害别人，那我就是做错了。)”可知，批评是要讲究原则的，C项(我们都不得不时不时地提出批评。)说明了我们有时会批评他人，就要遵守下文提出的原则。故选C项。 20．根据上文的“A study showed that positive feedback given to students in public was 9 percent more inspiring than when given privately, while negative feedback in private was 11 percent more inspiring than in public. So what does that mean for your rude Amazon reviews? (一项研究表明，在公共场合给予学生的积极反馈比在私下给予的激励效果高出9%，而在私下给予的消极反馈比在公共场合给予的激励效果高出11%。那么，这对你那些粗鲁的亚马逊评论意味着什么呢？)”和下文的“Or better yet, don’t send them at all—unless you truly intend them to be constructive.(或者更好的做法是，根本就不要发送这些邮件——除非你真的想让它们具有建设性。)”可知，B项(如果你敢的话，直接发给作者。)承接上文，说明了要小心谨慎地做出消极的评论，下文指出了另外的选择，or表明上下文为不同的选择。故选B项。 （十） 【2023-2024学年福建省漳州市高一下学期期末】How to live a longer and healthier life We’re all going to get old — but what if we could live a longer, happier and healthier life? 12 We’ve asked some experts to find out the changes that can have the biggest impact on our health, happiness and longevity. Here are the three areas you can really make difference. Socialising Having friends can be just as important to living longer as giving up smoking. Keep in mind best friends don’t occur overnight. 13 Therefore, putting time to existing relationships is important. Don’t be upset if you don’t find a best friend in a short time. Being patient and not expecting too much too soon can be helpful. What you eat First, don’t eat too much, so you keep a reasonable weight. It’s also important to watch your protein. Don’t eat too much protein, but you should eat more if you’re older to avoid muscle weakness. Another point you need to pay attention to is the intake of salt and sugar, which are mostly found in processed foods. Last, up the plant food. 14 Move your body You need to keep your muscle strength. This means that you can get out of a chair easily. Cross your arms and get out of your chair. 15 If it’s only two or three times, do it every day and see if you can build your muscles up. Regular aerobic (有氧的) exercise is also beneficial. Basically it means anything that increases your heart rate and get your lungs going. For example, when you’re going for a newspaper or walking the dog, go at a proper speed. 16 A．This is where science can help. B．Aerobic exercise is not for all ages. C．See how many times you can do it in 30 seconds. D．That’s looking after your heart and also your brain. E．Five servings of fruit and vegetables a day, if possible. F．Relationships take time and effort to develop and keep. G．Just as we need to be socially active, we need to be physically active. 【答案】12．A 13．F 14．E 15．C 16．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是如何活得更长寿、更健康的建议。 12．根据空前的“We’re all going to get old — but what if we could live a longer, happier and healthier life?(我们都会变老，但我们该如何能活得更长久、更快乐、更健康呢？)”可知，此处提出问题，该如何活的更久、更快乐、更健康；结合空后的“We’ve asked some experts to find out the changes that can have the biggest impact on our health, happiness and longevity.(我们请了一些专家来找出对我们的健康、幸福和长寿影响最大的变化。)”可知，专家找出了对我们健康、幸福和长寿影响最大的变化；由此可知，此空应是对空前内容做出的回答；A选项“This is where science can help.(这就是科学可以提供帮助的地方。)”中的this指代的为空前的内容，且其中的science与空后的“experts”相关。故选A项。 13．根据空前的“Keep in mind best friends don’t occur overnight.(记住，最好的朋友不是一夜之间形成的。)”可知，好朋友形成是需要时间的；结合空后的“Therefore, putting time to existing relationships is important.(因此，花时间在现有的关系上是很重要的。)”可知，此处讲述的是如何维护好朋友关系；F选项“Relationships take time and effort to develop and keep.(关系的发展和维持需要时间和努力。)”讲述的内容是对空前内容的进一步阐述，且与空后的内容为因果关系，符合逻辑，relationships为解题关键信息。故选F项。 14．根据本段的主题句“What you eat(你吃什么)”可知，本段主要介绍的是饮食相关；根据空前的“Last, up the plant food.(最后，增加植物性食物。)”可知，此处讲述的饮食与植物相关；E选项“Five servings of fruit and vegetables a day, if possible.(如果可能的话，每天吃五份水果和蔬菜。)”讲述的“fruit and vegetables”与饮食相关，且与空前的“plants food”一致。故选E项。 15．根据本段的主题句“Move your body(移动你的身体)”可知，本段介绍的是运动相关；根据空前的“Cross your arms and get out of your chair.(双臂交叉，从椅子上起来。)”可知，此处建议做一个具体的动作；结合空后的“If it’s only two or three times, do it every day and see if you can build your muscles up.(如果只有两到三次，每天都做，看看你是否能锻炼出肌肉。)”可知，如果只能做两到三次，建议每天都做，由此可知，此空应与做该动作的情况相关；C选项“See how many times you can do it in 30 seconds.(看看你在30秒内能做多少次。)”中的it指代的为空前的动作，且与空后的“it’s only two or three times”内容相关，符合语境。故选C项。 16．根据空前的“Basically it means anything that increases your heart rate and get your lungs going. For example, when you’re going for a newspaper or walking the dog, go at a proper speed.(基本上，它指的是任何能加快你的心率和肺活量的运动。例如，当你去买报纸或遛狗时，以适当的速度走。)”可知，此处指的是加强有氧运动对心肺的影响；D选项“That’s looking after your heart and also your brain.(这是在照顾你的心脏和大脑。)”中的That指代的事空前的“going for a newspaper or walking the dog”，且“your heart”空前提到的“your heart rate”内容相关，符合语境。故选D项。 （十一） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州市六校高一下学期期末联考】Florence Nightingale was named after her birthplace, Florence, Italy. When she was almost a year old, she returned with her family to England. Florence often helped her mother deliver (运送) food to the poor and sick. 16 Her family was shocked because nursing was not a respected profession (职业). But Florence was determined. She studied books on medicine. Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learned everything she could. 17 In 1854, Britain was at war with Russia, Florence went to the British hospital in Scutari and she was shocked. The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere. 18 Many soldiers died before receiving help. The doctors wouldn’t listen to Florence because they didn’t like the idea of women in army hospitals – until one day 500 unexpected casualties (伤亡者) arrived. 19 Florence made changes, making sure the men were washed and their injuries were cared for. Every night she would check the patients with her lamp. When she returned home after the war, a fund had been set up in her honor. Many of the soldiers she had nursed had made contributions (捐款). Now she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London. After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals. 20 All of this was because of the “lady with the lamp”. A．Nursing became an honored profession. B．There was no running water and no heat. C．She knew she had much to learn about nursing. D．Florence saw the soldiers’ health had improved. E．As she grew older, she decided to become a nurse. F．They soon realized that Florence could give a hand. G．Upon returning home, she was an expert on hospital management. 【答案】16．E 17．G 18．B 19．F 20．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述英国护士Florence Nightingale从立志成为一名护士到成名后筹款建校的生活经历。 16．根据下文“Her family was shocked because nursing was not a respected profession (职业).(她的家人感到震惊，因为护理不是一个受人尊敬的职业)”推知，Florence Nightingale想要成为一名护士。E项“As she grew older, she decided to become a nurse.(随着年龄的增长，她决定成为一名护士)”符合题意，nurse呼应下文nursing。故选E。 17．根据上文“Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learned everything she could. (后来，她访问了法国、德国和爱尔兰的医院，学到了她能学到的一切)”以及下文去战场的经历可知，Florence Nightingale已经学有所成。G项“Upon returning home, she was an expert on hospital management.(回国后，她成为了医院管理方面的专家)”符合题意。故选G。 18．根据上文“The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere.(医院里的人躺在地板上，老鼠到处乱跑)”和下文“Many soldiers died before receiving help.(很多战士在接受治疗前就去世了)”可知，医疗条件很差，导致战士还没接受治疗就死亡。由此推知，空处承接上文，对医疗条件差进行进一步说明。B项“There was no running water and no heat.(没有自来水，也没有暖气)”符合题意。故选B。 19．根据上文“The doctors wouldn’t listen to Florence because they didn’t like the idea of women in army hospitals – until one day 500 unexpected casualties (伤亡者) arrived. (医生们不听Florence的话，因为他们不喜欢女性在军队医院的想法——直到有一天，500名意外伤亡人员到来)”可知，医生开始听不进去Florence Nightingale的观点，但受伤士兵一下子到了许多，这样就缺少人手，这使得医生意识到Florence Nightingale能帮他们医治受伤的士兵。F项“They soon realized that Florence could give a hand.(他们很快意识到Florence可以帮忙)”符合题意。故选F。 20．根据上文“After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals. (经过多年的努力，Florence Nightingale看到了更干净、更愉快的医院)”和下文“All of this was because of the “lady with the lamp”.(这一切都是因为“提灯女神”)”结合文章开始提到Florence Nightingale小时候护士这一职业不怎么受人尊重，但后来通过她的努力，医疗条件大有改善，由此推知，她的努力使护士这份职业也越来越受到了人们的尊重。A项“Nursing became an honored profession.(护理成了一个光荣的职业)”符合题意。故选A。 （十二） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州市联盟学校高一下学期期末】When my three-year-old cousin didn’t get his way and hit his mother in anger, there were immediate consequences (后果): his father calmly and firmly made it clear that this behaviour was unacceptable, and he had to apologise. Then, he lost the honor of playing with his Christmas toys for the rest of the day. 16 His parents knew that this consequence would have an impact and was something they could carry out straight away. The most important goal of discipline (管教) is teaching children and teenagers self-management and responsible decision-making. It is not about control but instead using positive discipline. When children know what will happen, they can make choices. Parents benefit, too, from having a plan of how they will respond to specific behaviour rather than reacting in anger. 17 Have a conversation to work through what happened in a particular situation, asking the young person how they made the decision and what the impact of their choices was. Teenagers are often unwilling to talk to parents, facing their parent’s disappointment and requests for explanations. 18 The goal of this difficult conversation is to help the teenagers understand the impact of their behaviour. Taking responsibility and repairing harm by making changes is a powerful consequence that teaches young people about the impacts of their behaviour on others. If an older child has hurt a friend’s feelings, coaching them in talking it through and apologising. 19 20 And they can finally make wise choices and solve conflicts without force. A．Sometimes, a discussion is needed. B．This was a painful experience for the little boy! C．It can be useless to focus on fixing the problem. D．Therefore, it is very important that parents stay calm. E．Typically, consequences can be thought of in three categories. F．Those who were harmed feel heard, and relationships are repaired. G．Overall, positive discipline aims to help children become responsible, independent, and kind. 【答案】16．B 17．A 18．D 19．F 20．G 【导语】本文是关于家庭教育和管教的说明文。文章通过一个具体的例子，讨论了如何通过正面管教来教育孩子，使他们学会自我管理和负责任的决策。 16．根据上文“His father calmly and firmly made it clear that this behaviour was unacceptable, and he had to apologise. Then, he lost the honor of playing with his Christmas toys for the rest of the day.(他的父亲平静而坚定地表明这种行为是不可接受的，并且他必须道歉。然后，他失去了在当天剩下的时间里玩圣诞玩具的荣誉)”可知，孩子因为打了母亲，被父亲批评且剥夺了玩玩具的权利，这对一个孩子来说是很严重的后果。因此，选择B项“This was a painful experience for the little boy!(这对小男孩来说是一次痛苦的经历！)”直接描述了小男孩错误行为导致的严重的后果，故选B项。 17．根据下文“Have a conversation to work through what happened in a particular situation, asking the young person how they made the decision and what the impact of their choices was.(进行一次对话，以解决特定情况下发生的事情，询问年轻人他们是如何做出决定以及他们的选择产生了什么影响。)”可知，这里需要一个陈述来引出下一步的行动或建议，该空内容且和对话相关，因此，选择A项“Sometimes, a discussion is needed.(有时，需要进行讨论。)”与上文一致，指出有时需要进行讨论。故选A项。 18．根据上文“Teenagers are often unwilling to talk to parents, facing their parent’s disappointment and requests for explanations. (面对父母的失望和要求解释，青少年往往不愿意与父母交谈。)”可知，这里需要一个陈述来说明青少年通常不愿意与父母交谈的情况，因为父母很可能会发脾气，所以在这样的谈话中，父母一定要保持冷静，因此，选择D项“Therefore, it is very important that parents stay calm.(因此，父母保持冷静是非常重要的。)”与上文一致，强调了父母保持冷静的重要性。故选D项。 19．根据上文“If an older child has hurt a friend’s feelings, coaching them in talking it through and apologising. (如果一个年长的孩子伤害了朋友的感情，指导他们通过交谈和道歉来解决问题。)”可知，这里需要一个陈述来说明如果一个年长的孩子伤害了朋友的感情，应该如何指导他们通过交谈和道歉来解决问题。因此，选择F项“Those who were harmed feel heard, and relationships are repaired.(那些受到伤害的人会感到被倾听，关系也会得到修复。)”与上文一致，强调了通过沟通和道歉修复关系的重要性。故选F项。 20．根据下文“And they can finally make wise choices and solve conflicts without force. (他们最终能够做出明智的选择，无需使用武力解决冲突。)”可知，这里需要一个总结性的陈述来强调正面管教的最终目标。因此，选择G项“Overall, positive discipline aims to help children become responsible, independent, and kind.(总的来说，积极的管教旨在帮助孩子变得负责任、独立和善良。)”与上文一致，概括了正面管教的总体目标。故选G项。 （十三） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州市九县（市、区）一中（高中）联考高一下学期期末】 Street Eats When it comes to running a restaurant, the three most important factors are location, location, and location! 16 These mobile restaurants can sell food at the busiest corners in a city without paying the high cost of renting a permanent space. They set up early in the morning and sell their food over a tiny counter or through a window. 17 However, mobile food vendors are not a new idea. In fact, they have been around for thousands of years. Nearly two thousand years ago, the streets of Rome were filled with food carts selling all types of meals, from sweets and snacks to hearty dinners. 18 Many did not have ovens, which made preparing a hot meal at home impossible. So instead, ancient Romans bought their food on the street. They ate and socialized with their neighbors, strengthening the community and helping the local economy at the same time. Ancient Greece had food carts too. 19 In Sparta, people ate meals of porridge or soup on the go. Mobile food vendors also have a long history in Southeast Asia. In Indonesia and Malaysia, food sellers of the late nineteenth century carried their mini-restaurants on their, backs! These mini-restaurants were made up of a stove, two stools, and a small table. 20 . The success of mobile food vendors lies in their ability to adapt to the needs of modern society. They provide a fast and convenient dining option for those on the go, while also offering a unique and authentic dining experience. As the world continues to urbanize and become more mobile, it’s likely that mobile food vendors will continue to thrive and evolve. A．That is what makes food carts such a clever idea. B．Food carts could bring vendors handsome incomes. C．Vendors with wooden carts sold fried fish to the people of Athens. D．The people of Rome lived in tiny homes without much space to cook. E．At the end of the day, they are packed up and pulled away by a car or truck. F．Street eats often remind you of the good times you spend with your friends. G．They could be put together and carried here and there in search of customers. 【答案】16．A 17．E 18．D 19．C 20．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍流动食品摊贩的历史。 16．由下文“These mobile restaurants can sell food at the busiest corners in a city without paying the high cost of renting a permanent space.(这些移动餐厅可以在城市最繁忙的角落出售食物，而无需支付租用永久空间的高昂成本。)”可知，这里主要讲移动餐厅的优点。而A项“That is what makes food carts such a clever idea.(这就是为什么食品车是一个如此聪明的主意。)”符合语境，选项中food carts与下文mobile restaurants对应，有启下作用。故选A项。 17．由上文“They set up early in the morning and sell their food over a tiny counter or through a window. (他们一大早就起床，在一个小柜台上或透过窗户卖食物。)”可知，这里描述流动食品摊贩早上开始的情况，而E项“At the end of the day, they are packed up and pulled away by a car or truck.(一天结束时，他们会被一辆汽车或卡车打包带走。)”符合语境，描述流动食品摊贩结束的情况，选项中At the end of the day与上文in the morning对应，所以有承上作用。故选E项。 18．由上文“Nearly two thousand years ago, the streets of Rome were filled with food carts selling all types of meals, from sweets and snacks to hearty dinners.(近两千年前，罗马的街道上挤满了卖各种食物的食品车，从糖果、小吃到丰盛的晚餐。)”可知，这里描述2000年前罗马流动食品摊贩情况，而D项“The people of Rome lived in tiny homes without much space to cook.(罗马人民住在狭小的房子里，没有太多的空间做饭。)”符合语境，也是在描述当时罗马饮食情况，有承上启下作用。故选D项。 19．由上文“Ancient Greece had food carts too.(古希腊也有食品车。)”可知，这里描述古希腊流动食品摊贩情况，而C项“Vendors with wooden carts sold fried fish to the people of Athens.(小贩们拿着木车向雅典人民出售煎鱼。)”符合语境，选项中Athens与上文Ancient Greece对应，有承上作用。故选C项。 20．由上文“Mobile food vendors also have a long history in Southeast Asia. In Indonesia and Malaysia, food sellers of the late nineteenth century carried their mini-restaurants on their, backs! These mini-restaurants were made up of a stove, two stools, and a small table. (流动食品摊贩在东南亚也有着悠久的历史。在印度尼西亚和马来西亚，19世纪末的食品销售商背着他们的迷你餐厅！这些迷你餐厅由一个炉子、两张凳子和一张小桌子组成。)”可知，这里主要介绍动食品摊贩在东南亚的历史，而G项“They could be put together and carried here and there in search of customers.(它们可以被放在一起，带到这里或那里寻找顾客。)”符合语境，选项中They代指前文These mini-restaurants，有承上作用。故选G项。 （十四） 【2023-2024学年福建省福清市高一下学期期末】How many advertisements have you seen in your life? 12 Advertisements are a great way to make people aware of products, issues, and more. But has advertising become a problem for society? If let me rate the current online advertising risks, I would probably give 2 points. 13 Advertising makes us associate happiness with consumerism (消费主义). After they’ve achieved to ruin our self-esteem (自尊), advertisements are trying to fool us into thinking that only products and services can make us feel better. 14 What is it? You guessed right: Shopping. Once they achieve to make you feel ugly, they sell you beauty products so you can improve on your ugliness. Once they manage to make you believe that you are not important, they sell you expensive clothes so you can attract the attention of others. And so on and so forth. 15 We have an economic system in which people have to make money in order to survive — and this can be clearly seen in the advertising industry. By showing you what the ideal life is supposed to be, and then making you compare your ordinary life to it, they slowly lead you to believe that you’re not beautiful, intelligent, confident, and so on, until they fully convince you that you are basically not good. The reason? To make you feel insecure so that they can then emotionally control you. In short, advertisements promise you happiness, provided that you spend money in return. The result? 16 A．Advertising pushes us to make money. B．Advertising makes us feel that we’re not good enough. C．So what exactly are the main problems of advertising on society? D．The average person sees between 280 and 310 advertisements per day. E．Without shopping, advertisements tell you that you can’t find happiness. F．In other words, advertisements create a problem and then offer us a solution to it. G．Consuming stuff you don’t even need and leading to waste that is pollution our planet. 【答案】12．D 13．C 14．F 15．B 16．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了广告所带来的问题。 12．根据上文“How many advertisements have you seen in your life?(你一生中看过多少广告？)”可知，本句主要回答上文关于看过多少广告的问题。故D选项“平均每个人每天看到280到310个广告”符合语境，故选D。 13．根据上文“If let me rate the current online advertising risks, I would probably give 2 points.(如果让我给当前的网络广告风险打分，我可能会给2分)”可知，上文提到了给广告风险打分，结合后文主要分析了广告带来的问题。故C选项“那么广告给社会带来的主要问题到底是什么？”符合语境，引起下文，故选C。 14．根据上文“Advertising makes us associate happiness with consumerism (消费主义). After they’ve achieved to ruin our self-esteem (自尊), advertisements are trying to fool us into thinking that only products and services can make us feel better.(广告使我们把幸福和消费主义联系在一起。广告在摧毁了我们的自尊之后，又试图愚弄我们，让我们认为只有产品和服务才能让我们感觉更好)”可知，本句承接上文，进一步解释广告是如何愚弄我们的。故F选项“换句话说，广告制造了一个问题，然后给我们提供了一个解决方案”符合语境，故选F。 15．根据后文“We have an economic system in which people have to make money in order to survive—and this can be clearly seen in the advertising industry. By showing you what the ideal life is supposed to be, and then making you compare your ordinary life to it, they slowly lead you to believe that you’re not beautiful, intelligent, confident, and so on, until they fully convince you that you are basically not good. The reason? To make you feel insecure so that they can then emotionally control you.(在我们的经济体系中，人们必须赚钱才能生存——这在广告业中可以清楚地看到。通过向你展示理想的生活应该是什么样子，然后让你把你的普通生活与之比较，他们慢慢地让你相信你不漂亮，不聪明，不自信，等等，直到他们完全说服你，你基本上不好。原因？让你感到不安全，这样他们就能在情感上控制你)”可知，后文提到了广告让你相信你不漂亮，不聪明，不自信，即告诉你不够好，好控制你的情感。故B选项“广告让我们觉得自己不够好”符合语境，故选B。 16．根据上文“In short, advertisements promise you happiness, provided that you spend money in return. The result?(简而言之，广告承诺给你幸福，只要你花钱作为回报。结果呢？)”可知，本句主要说明广告带来的结果，广告的最终目的是促使人们消费。故G选项“消费你根本不需要的东西，导致浪费，污染我们的星球”符合语境，故选G。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$