专题04 阅读理解之说明文二 (福建专用)-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

专题04 阅读理解之说明文二 （一） 【2023-2024学年福建省泉州市高一下学期期末】Active learning is a method that has students learning at its centre and fully participating in class activities. It focuses on not only the content but also the way they learn. Students are encouraged to “think hard”, practice skills, solve problems, struggle with complex questions, propose solutions, and explain ideas in their own words through writing and discussion, rather than receive information inactively from the teacher. Active learning is based on the Theory of Constructivism (建构主义理论), which stresses the fact that learners build their own understanding upon their existing knowledge. Researchers also believe that learning should be closely connected and within a meaningful context. Besides, learning experiences for young people should be appropriate to their level of development. There is now a wealth of research that shows us that simply telling students what they need to know doesn’t help them to gain a deep understanding of a subject area. Instead, teachers should challenge their students’ thinking. Teachers should also keep students engaged and active in their own learning process so as to build students’ knowledge and understanding. By giving students greater involvement and control over their learning, active learning increases students’ interest and develops their learning ability. This means that students are better able to continue learning once they have left school and college. It also prepares students better for both higher education and for the workplace because analytical (分析的) skills help them to be better at solving problems. Universities and employers value this. Since an active learning method encourages all students to stay focused on their learning, teachers will often see students show greater interest in their studies. They also enjoy the level of academic discussion with their students which an active learning approach encourages. 8．What is the purpose of paragraph 2? A．To advocate active learning. B．To further explain active learning. C．To present application of active learning. D．To evidence the effects of active learning. 9．How should teachers promote active learning in students? A．By offering ideas. B．By giving explanation. C．By feeding information. D．By encouraging thinking. 10．What can be a benefit of active learning? A．Higher education admission rate. B．Better life-long learning ability. C．Fewer complex questions while studying. D．Greater teacher control over students’ learning. 11．Which aspect of active learning does the passage focus on? A．Its features. B．Its rules. C．Its background. D．Its development. 【答案】8．B 9．D 10．B 11．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是主动学习的意义和特点。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Active learning is a method that has students learning at its centre and fully participating in class activities. It focuses on not only the content but also the way they learn.(主动学习是一种以学生学习为中心，充分参与课堂活动的学习方法。它不仅关注内容，也关注他们学习的方式。)”可知，第一段简要讲述了什么是主动学习以及你主动学习关注的内容，结合第二段中的“Active learning is based on the Theory of Constructivism (建构主义理论), which stresses the fact that learners build their own understanding upon their existing knowledge.(主动学习是建立在建构主义理论(建构主义理论)的基础上的，它强调学习者在已有知识的基础上建立自己的理解。)”可知，第二段讲述的是主动学习的理论基础，由此可知，第二段主要进一步解释主动学习。故选B项。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Instead, teachers should challenge their students’ thinking. Teachers should also keep students engaged and active in their own learning process so as to build students’ knowledge and understanding.(相反，教师应该挑战学生的思维。教师还应该让学生积极参与自己的学习过程，以建立学生的知识和理解。)”可知，教师应该挑战学生思维，让学生积极参与学习过程，建立学生的知识和理解，由此可知，教师应该通过鼓励学生积极思考，让学生积极参与学习过程。故选D项。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This means that students are better able to continue learning once they have left school and college. It also prepares students better for both higher education and for the workplace because analytical (分析的) skills help them to be better at solving problems.(这意味着学生离开学校和大学后能够更好地继续学习。它还帮助学生更好地为高等教育和工作做好准备，因为分析能力帮助他们更好地解决问题。)”可知，主动学习意味着学生离开学校后能继续学习，还能为他们为高等教育和工作做好准备，由此可知，主动学习的一个好处是使学生有着更好的终身学习能力。故选B项。 11．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Active learning is a method that has students learning at its centre and fully participating in class activities. It focuses on not only the content but also the way they learn.(主动学习是一种以学生学习为中心，充分参与课堂活动的学习方法。它不仅关注内容，也关注他们学习的方式。)”可知，主动学习以学生为中心，让学生充分参与课堂学习，既关注学习内容，又关注学习方式，结合下文中的介绍的主动学习的理论基础、如何促进主动学习、主动学习的好处等可知，本文主要围绕着主动学习的特点方面进行介绍。故选A项。 （二） 【2023-2024学年福建省厦门市高一下学期期末】We all remember that first cry at the movies. Whether they are tears of joy or sadness, it’s quite astonishing that human emotion can be controlled by moving images on a screen. In fact, it all comes from a plan. But what about those heart-breaking stories… for kids? They seem not to sugarcoat the realities of the world. Actually, many great kids’ movies loaded with tragedy (悲剧) are purposefully meant to stir up kids’ strong feelings. According to Aristotle, tragedy aids us in facing life’s unsolvable issues through sensible thought. Therefore, the existence of tragedy in kids’ movies is to teach kids to handle, to understand and to heal (治愈). The hardest lesson for a child is how to deal with loss, especially if it’s sudden. The cartoon classic The Lion King tells the story of Simba, who experiences the loss of his father. Kids see themselves in Simba’s character. He has dreams. He has a desire to grow and be a part of a bigger world. But it is really heartbreaking to see the loss. Why is a film like this so beloved when it makes kids cry? The lesson it teaches is to overcome hardships and to move forward. Hakuna Matata! Yes, the phrase from The Lion King is to teach kids it’s okay to move on from tragic loss and not to let it define you. It’s an important lesson we learned at a very young age. Sadness should not be ignored. It’s important to feel sad, and that is why these films are so great. In Dumbo, Charlotte’s Web and Bridge to Terabithia, we lose our beloved characters. This quite upsets kids, but it teaches them to accept sadness and makes something new out of it. So, what is the message behind a sad kids’ movie? It’s meant to teach the audience, especially children, to gain their independence and how to free themselves from tragedy. It’s like a cushion (缓冲垫) that separates stories from reality. It helps children deal with sad feelings when they come for real, or at least find relief by saying Hakuna Matata. 8．Why does the author mention “first cry” in paragraph 1? A．To promote a movie. B．To explain the reason. C．To support an argument. D．To introduce the topic. 9．What does the underlined phrase “Hakun a Matata” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Defining sadness as a treatment. B．Challenging oneself with tragic losses. C．Seeking knowledge to enrich life. D．Heading forward without being trapped. 10．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Sad kids’ movies help children to escape from reality. B．Sad kids’ movies prepare children for life struggles. C．Children can learn to ignore sadness in tragedy. D．Children can find a way to hide sad feelings. 11．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Are Great Kids’ Movies So Sad? B．What Is the Power of Great Kids’ Movies? C．Life’s Hardest Lesson: How Movies Inspire Us? D．Moving Beyond Reality: What Kids’ Movies Teach Us? 【答案】8．D 9．D 10．B 11．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了优秀的儿童电影如何通过悲伤教育孩子们，使他们能够应对生活中的挑战，学会在悲伤中寻找解脱和治愈的方法。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段的“We all remember that first cry at the movies. Whether they are tears of joy or sadness, it’s quite astonishing that human emotion can be controlled by moving images on a screen. In fact, it all comes from a plan. But what about those heart-breaking stories… for kids? They seem not to sugarcoat the realities of the world.(我们都记得看电影时的第一次哭泣。无论是喜悦还是悲伤的眼泪，人类的情感都可以被屏幕上的移动图像来控制，这是非常令人惊讶的。事实上，这一切都源于一个计划。但是那些让孩子们心碎的故事呢？他们似乎没有粉饰世界的现实。)”可知， 提到“第一次哭泣”是为了引出电影如何引起观众强烈的情感反应，这为讨论悲伤的儿童电影的影响奠定了基础，因此它的作用是引出下文的话题。故选D。 9．词句猜测题。根据第三段的“Why is a film like this so beloved when it makes kids cry? The lesson it teaches is to overcome hardships and to move forward. Hakuna Matata! Yes, the phrase from The Lion King is to teach kids it’s okay to move on from tragic loss and not to let it define you. It’s an important lesson we learned at a very young age. Sadness should not be ignored. It’s important to feel sad, and that is why these films are so great. In Dumbo, Charlotte’s Web and Bridge to Terabithia, we lose our beloved characters. This quite upsets kids, but it teaches them to accept sadness and makes something new out of it.(为什么这样一部让孩子们哭泣的电影如此受人喜爱？它教给我们的是克服困难，继续前进。……！是的，《狮子王》里的那句话是要告诉孩子们，从悲剧中走出来是可以的，不要让它定义你。这是我们在很小的时候就学到的重要一课。悲伤不应该被忽视。感到悲伤是很重要的，这就是为什么这些电影如此优秀。在《小飞象》、《夏洛特的网》和《通往特拉比西亚的桥》中，我们失去了我们喜爱的角色。这让孩子们很难过，但它教会了他们接受悲伤，并从中创造出新的东西。) ”可知， “Hakuna Matata”这句话出自《狮子王》，这句话告诉孩子们，从悲剧中走出来是可以的，不要让它定义你，由此可推知，这句话表示不被悲剧性的损失或悲伤所困，要勇往直前。故选D。 10．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“So, what is the message behind a sad kids’ movie? It’s meant to teach the audience, especially children, to gain their independence and how to free themselves from tragedy. It’s like a cushion that separates stories from reality. It helps children deal with sad feelings when they come for real, or at least find relief by saying Hakuna Matata.(那么，这部悲伤的儿童电影背后传达了什么信息呢？它的目的是教会观众，尤其是孩子，获得独立，如何从悲剧中解脱出来。它就像一个缓冲垫，将故事与现实分开。它可以帮助孩子们处理悲伤的情绪，或者至少通过说Hakuna Matata来找到解脱。)”可知， 最后一段强调，悲伤的儿童电影是为了教会孩子们为生活的挣扎做好准备，如何应对悲伤和悲剧，而不是逃避现实或隐藏悲伤的情绪。因此，悲伤的儿童电影让孩子们为生活的挑战做好准备。故选B。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据最后一段的“So, what is the message behind a sad kids’ movie? It’s meant to teach the audience, especially children, to gain their independence and how to free themselves from tragedy. It’s like a cushion that separates stories from reality. It helps children deal with sad feelings when they come for real, or at least find relief by saying Hakuna Matata.(那么，这部悲伤的儿童电影背后传达了什么信息呢？它的目的是教会观众，尤其是孩子，获得独立，如何从悲剧中解脱出来。它就像一个缓冲垫，将故事与现实分开。它可以帮助孩子们处理悲伤的情绪，或者至少通过说Hakuna Matata来找到解脱。)”可知，文章主要探讨了优秀的儿童电影如何通过悲伤教育孩子们，使他们能够应对生活中的挑战，学会在悲伤中寻找解脱和治愈的方法。因此D项(超越现实：儿童电影教给我们什么？)这个标题反映了电影如何通过悲伤和悲剧教给人们重要的人生教训的探索。故选D。 （三） 【2023-2024学年福建省漳州市高一下学期期末】If you travel to the US and Egypt and forget to tip the hotel staff, it’s possible that you experience a rather awkward reaction. Similarly, if you give table staff a little extra money after a meal in France or Japan, then you’ll probably receive a similar response. Do the same in Argentina and you may even find yourself in trouble with the police — it’s illegal. Not knowing where and who to tip in different countries can be something causing social trouble. But travel search site We go has now constructed an easy-to-follow infographic (信息图) showing where and when to tip when travelling abroad. According to the infographic, no tipping should ever happen in Argentina, Japan Oman, Yemen and France. In Austria, Brazil, Netherlands, Russia, Chile, South Africa an Turkey, tipping is expected after eating in a restaurant, unless service charge in included. Tipping is left up to the customer in countries including the UK, Norway, Spain, Denmark and Germany. Deciding whether to leave a tip in these countries depends on the quality of service or experience. “In the US, low pay earners in the service industry depend on tipping to increase their income, but in Romania, tips are often declined even if the servers may be also in need of the extra earnings,” explains Joachim Holte, Chief Marketing Officer for We go. However, it seems that tipping traditions are changing throughout the world as more people travel abroad. Australia and New Zealand don’t have a history of tipping, yet travellers who are unaware of this fact have heightened some expectations from service staff. If you haven’t done your homework before you go, remember you can always ask what the custom is from hotel staff. Most people will appreciate you taking the time to find out, and it’s a good way to avoid some very unpleasant situations. 4．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．We must turn to the infographic when tipping. B．The search site easily constructed an infographic. C．The amount of tipping varies from country to country. D．We should be careful with tipping in different countries. 5．What may have an effect on tipping in Denmark? A．National laws. B．Dinner costs. C．Servers’ performances. D．Customers’ incomes. 6．What does the underlined word “declined” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Expected. B．Refused. C．Doubled. D．Spent. 7．What probably causes the change in tipping traditions? A．Influences from foreign cultures. B．Demands of the service industry. C．The introduction of the infographic. D．The desire to avoid awkward situations. 【答案】4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同国家的小费文化和习俗，以及随着人们出国旅行的增多，小费传统在全球范围内发生的变化。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you travel to the US and Egypt and forget to tip the hotel staff, it’s possible that you experience a rather awkward reaction. Similarly, if you give table staff a little extra money after a meal in France or Japan, then you’ll probably receive a similar response. Do the same in Argentina and you may even find yourself in trouble with the police — it’s illegal.(如果你去美国和埃及旅行，却忘记给酒店员工小费，那么你可能会遇到一些尴尬的反应。同样地，如果你在法国或日本用餐后给服务员一点额外的小费，那么你可能会收到类似的反应。但如果你在阿根廷这样做，你可能会遇到警察的麻烦——因为在那里，这是非法的。)”和文章第二段“Not knowing where and who to tip in different countries can be something causing social trouble.(在不同的国家，不知道在哪里给谁小费可能会引发社会问题。)”可知，我们可以从这两段中得出结论，我们应该在不同国家的小费问题上小心谨慎。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Tipping is left up to the customer in countries including the UK, Norway, Spain, Denmark and Germany. Deciding whether to leave a tip in these countries depends on the quality of service or experience.(在英国、挪威、西班牙、丹麦和德国等国家，是否给小费取决于顾客自己。在这些国家，是否给小费取决于服务或体验的质量。)”可知，在丹麦等国家，是否给小费取决于服务的质量或体验，即服务员的表现会影响小费的多少。因此，服务员的表现会对丹麦的小费产生影响。故选C。 6．词句猜测题。根据上文“In the US, low pay earners in the service industry depend on tipping to increase their income(在美国，服务行业的低收入者依靠小费来增加收入)”和“but”可知，罗马尼亚的服务员通常会拒绝小费，即使他们也需要额外的收入。由此可知，declined意为“拒绝”。故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“However, it seems that tipping traditions are changing throughout the world as more people travel abroad. Australia and New Zealand don’t have a history of tipping, yet travellers who are unaware of this fact have heightened some expectations from service staff.( 然而，随着越来越多的人出国旅行，世界各地的小费传统似乎正在发生变化。澳大利亚和新西兰并没有小费的历史，但不知情的旅行者却对服务人员产生了一些过高的期望。)”可推知，外国文化的影响可能是导致小费传统变化的原因之一。故选A。 （四） 【2023-2024学年福建省南平市高一下学期期末】An artificial intelligence (人工智能) system has shown it can save lives by warning doctors to check on patients whose heart test results show a high risk of dying. In a test with almost 16,000 patients, the AI helped reduce the total deaths by 31% among people who were at high risk. “This is actually quite amazing,” says Eric Topol at the Scripps Research TranslationalInstitute in California. “It is quite uncommon for any drug to result in a 31% reduction in the number of deaths, and then even more unusual for a non-drug — this is just monitoring people with AI.” Chin Lin at Texas Medical Center and his colleagues trained their AI on more than 450,000 electrocardiogram (ECG) (心电图) tests, which measure the heart’s electrical activity, along with the survival data of the ECG subjects. The AI learned to produce a percentile (百分位) score representing each patient’s risk of death, whose score in the 95th percentile or higher would be considered high risk. The researchers then tested the AI warning system with 39 doctors at two different hospitals. As nurses transmitted each new patient’s ECG tests to a computer server, the AI system would analyse the results and warn doctors if it identified someone as being high risk. In addition to reducing the risk of death from all causes, the AI system also reduced the death rate from heart issues in high-risk patients by more than 90%. Lin and his colleagues say the AI warnings may help focus attention on the highest risk group. During the research, doctors usually followed up warnings with more tests and treatment. The system is already being used across 14 hospitals in Texas. “This can be put into effect in every hospital around the world,” says Topol. “It should be the standard of care when you see such a significant benefit.” 12．What made the AI system stand out in the test? A．Its speed in analyzing ECG tests. B．Its function of testing heart diseases. C．Its application in hospitals nationwide. D．Its ability to reduce deaths without drugs. 13．What could the AI system do according to paragraph 3? A．Train doctors and nurses. B．Record patients’ survival data. C．Analyse each patient’s risk of cancer. D．Provide patients’ death-risk percentiles. 14．What did the doctors tend to do after receiving AI warnings? A．Identify high-risk patients. B．Transmit the data. C．Conduct further tests and treatment. D．Study the results of tests. 15．What is Topol’s attitude to the AI system? A．Confident. B．Uncertain. C．Doubtful. D．Objective. 【答案】12．D 13．D 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了人工智能系统在医疗领域的应用，特别是如何通过分析心电图测试结果来预测患者的心脏死亡风险，并向医生发出预警，从而帮助挽救生命。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段“An artificial intelligence (人工智能) system has shown it can save lives by warning doctors to check on patients whose heart test results show a high risk of dying. In a test with almost 16,000 patients, the AI helped reduce the total deaths by 31% among people who were at high risk.(一种人工智能系统表明，它可以通过警告医生检查心脏检查结果显示死亡风险高的患者来挽救生命。在对近1.6万名患者进行的一项测试中，人工智能帮助高风险人群的总死亡人数减少了31%。)”可知，让AI系统在测试中脱颖而出的是它能够在没有药物的情况下减少死亡。故选D。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段“The AI learned to produce a percentile (百分位) score representing each patient’s risk of death, whose score in the 95th percentile or higher would be considered high risk.(人工智能学会了生成一个百分位数分数，代表每个病人的死亡风险，分数在第95个百分位数或更高的人被认为是高风险。)”可知，AI系统能提供患者死亡风险百分位数。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“During the research, doctors usually followed up warnings with more tests and treatment.(在研究期间，医生通常会在警告之后进行更多的检查和治疗。)”可知，医生在收到人工智能警告后往往会进行进一步的检查和治疗。故选C。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This can be put into effect in every hospital around the world(这可以在世界各地的每一家医院实施)”和“It should be the standard of care when you see such a significant benefit.(当你看到如此显著的益处时，这应该成为治疗的标准。)”可知，Topol对AI系统的态度是有信心的，故选A。 （五） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州市六校高一下学期期末联考】The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 12．What does the author say about silence in conversations? A．It implies anger. B．It promotes friendship. C．It is culture-specific. D．It is content-based. 13．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A．The Chinese. B．The French. C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians. 14．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A．Let it continue as the patient pleases. B．Break it while treating patients. C．Evaluate its harm to patients. D．Make use of its healing effects. 15．What may be the best title for the text? A．Sound and Silence B．What It Means to Be Silent C．Silence to Native Americans D．Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold 【答案】12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. 可知，沉默的含义因文化群体而异，交谈中的沉默也可能表示固执、不安或担忧。所以作者认为谈话中的沉默是有文化特性的。故选C项。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段中Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing可知，许多印第安人珍视沉默，认为这是人与人之间交流的基本组成部分，就像一些传统的中国人和泰国人一样。因此，当一个来自其中一种文化的人说话时突然停下来，暗示说话者想要倾听者在继续之前思考一下所说过的话。所以中国人认为谈话时人们沉默是为了让别人思考。故选A项。 14．细节理解题。根据末段末句A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients 可知，了解沉默的治疗价值的护士可以利用这种了解来帮助护理病人。所以作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人。故选D 。 15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups”可知， 沉默的含义因文化群体而异。以及先问介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义。所以短文的最佳标题是“沉默意味着什么”。故选B 。 （六） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州市联盟学校高一下学期期末】In the early 2000s, a great white shark named Nicole swam about 20,000 kilometers from South Africa to Australia then back again within nine months. The first arm of this journey eastwards across the Indian Ocean included the fastest known transoceanic return migration (迁移) among sea animals. On November 7, 2003, researchers attached an electronic tracker to her fin (鳍) while she was in the waters of South Africa. After completing the first le g of the journey, the tag (标签) fell off near Exmouth Gulf in Western Australia and sent the data to a satellite. It showed that she had swum from South Africa to Australia, around 11,100 kilometers, in just 99 days—a record-breaking achievement. The researchers thought this would be the end of the story, but she was spotted again on August 20, 2004—all the way back in South Africa. “This is one of the most significant discoveries about white sharks and suggests that we might have to rewrite the life history of this powerful fish,” Dr Ramón Bonfi l said. “More importantly, Nicole has shown us that separate populations of great white sharks may be more directly connected than previously thought, and that wide-ranging white sharks that are nationally protected in places such as South Africa and Australia are much easier to be hurt by human fishing in the open oceans than we previously thought.” Great white sharks are some of the world’s toughest travelers, which are regularly seen crossing extreme routes around the world’s oceans. They don’t gently wander on their voyages either; the species can complete some of the fastest transoceanic migrations ever seen by sea animals. While most of the journey was made at the ocean’s surface, Nicole regularly jumped into the Indian Ocean basin (盆地) at a depth of 980 meters. In 2005, this was a record breaker for great whites, but scientists have since found they can swim as deep as 1,128 meters. 12．What was unique about Nicole’s journey to Australia? A．It was the longest journey by a shark. B．She was the first shark tagged electronically. C．It was the fastest recorded transoceanic trip. D．It took her less than 100 days to complete. 13．What can we learn from Dr. Bonfil’s research? A．Populations of white sharks are completely alone. B．White sharks has no significant interconnections. C．White sharks have closer connections than thought. D．Human fishing has fewer influences on sharks. 14．What does Nicole’s deep swimming behavior suggest? A．Great whites prefer deeper waters. B．Great whites hunt in deep ocean basins. C．All great whites jump into similar depths. D．Great whites can survive extreme pressures. 15．In which section of a newspaper many the text appear? A．Nature. B．Technology. C．Entertainment. D．Education. 【答案】12．D 13．C 14．D 15．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了大白鲨妮可从南非游到澳大利亚，这段向东穿越印度洋的旅程的第一段包括了海洋动物中已知最快的跨洋返回迁徙。 12．细节理解题。根据第三段“It showed that she had swum from South Africa to Australia, around 11,100 kilometers, in just 99 days—a record-breaking achievement. (记录显示，她只用了99天就从南非游到了澳大利亚，全程约11,100公里——这是一项破纪录的成就。)”可知，妮可的澳大利亚之旅花了不到100天的时间才完成。故选D。 13．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“More importantly, Nicole has shown us that separate populations of great white sharks may be more directly connected than previously thought, and that wide-ranging white sharks that are nationally protected in places such as South Africa and Australia are much easier to be hurt by human fishing in the open oceans than we previously thought. (更重要的是，妮可向我们展示了不同种群的大白鲨可能比以前想象的更直接地联系在一起，在南非和澳大利亚等地受到国家保护的大范围大白鲨比我们以前想象的更容易受到人类在公海捕鱼的伤害。)”可知，白鲨的联系比我们想象的要紧密。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“While most of the journey was made at the ocean’s surface, Nicole regularly jumped into the Indian Ocean basin (盆地) at a depth of 980 meters. In 2005, this was a record breaker for great whites, but scientists have since found they can swim as deep as 1,128 meters. (虽然大部分旅程都是在海洋表面进行的，但妮可经常跳入980米深的印度洋盆地。2005年，这打破了大白鲨的记录，但科学家们后来发现它们可以游到1128米深。)”可知，妮可的深海游泳行为说明了大白鲨能在极端压力下生存。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据第一段“In the early 2000s, a great white shark named Nicole swam about 20,000 kilometers from South Africa to Australia then back again within nine months. The first arm of this journey eastwards across the Indian Ocean included the fastest known transoceanic return migration (迁移) among sea animals. (21世纪初，一条名叫妮可的大白鲨从南非游到澳大利亚，游了大约2万公里，然后在9个月内又游了回来。这段向东穿越印度洋的旅程的第一段包括了海洋动物中已知最快的跨洋返回迁徙。)”结合文章主要说明了大白鲨妮可从南非游到澳大利亚，这段向东穿越印度洋的旅程的第一段包括了海洋动物中已知最快的跨洋返回迁徙。可知，文章选择报纸的“自然”部分。故选A。 （七） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州市九县（市、区）一中（高中）联考高一下学期期末】Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I’m not going to say luck,talent,and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and that’s just the reality of how life is. However,to succeed in life,one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical.And,in addition to that,in order to get really good at something,one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing.To become great at certain things,it’ll require even more time,time that most people won’t put in. This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. If you don’t enjoy what you do ,it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you quit well before you ever become good at it. When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success,you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost.It’s sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent,but thinking that way does you no good,and there’s a huge chance that you’re wrong anyway. Whatever you do,if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out,almost to the point of addiction,and over a long period of time.If you’re not willing to put in the time and work,don’t expect to receive any rewards.Consistent, hard work won’t guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into. 11．Paragraph 1 mainly talks about ________. A．the reasons for success B．the meaning of success C．the standards of success D．the importance of success 12．In Paragraph 2,the underlined word that refers to ______. A．being good at something B．setting a practical goal C．putting in more time D．succeeding in life 13．Successful people suggest doing what one loves because ______. A．work makes one feel pain B．one tends to enjoy his work C．one gives up his work easily D．it takes a lot of time to succeed 14．What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A．Successful people like to show their great skills. B．People sometimes succeed without luck or talent. C．People need to achieve success at the cost of life. D．It helps to think that luck or talent leads to success. 15．What is the main theme of the passage? A．Having a goal is vital to success. B．Being good is different from being great. C．One cannot succeed without time and practice. D．Luck,talent and family help to achieve success. 【答案】11．A 12．B 13．D 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是议论文。 成功的原因是什么？不是因为天赋，也不是因为出生于富裕家庭，靠的是时间的投入及不断练习。 11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I’m not going to say luck,talent,and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and that’s just the reality of how life is.”（有些人认为成功只属于那些有天赋或有良好家庭环境的人，而另一些人则认为成功主要取决于运气。我并不是说运气、天赋和环境没有发挥作用，因为它们确实发挥了作用。有些人出生在正确的家庭，而另一些人出生就很聪明，这就是生活的现实。）可以得知，作者列出许多成功因素天赋、良好家庭环境、运气，故选A。 12．词义猜词题。此种题目的答案多数在前文找，根据前文，不难得知答案。“However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in additional to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing. ”（然而，要在生活中取得成功，你必须要设定一个目标，然后逐步将它变得更加实际。除此之外，要变得更加擅长某事，必须花费至少10,000个小时进行学习和实践。）可知，除此之外，指的是前面的设定实际的目标。此外，也可以从结构上找到答案，出现两次的needs. 属于原词重现。故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据“To become great at certain things,it’ll require even more time,time that most people won’t put in.”（要精通某些事情，甚至需要更多的时间，而大多数人不会投入这些时间。）要想成功需要大量时间。以及第三段的“This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. ”（这就是为什么许多成功人士建议你去做你喜欢的事情的一个重要原因。）可知答案的关键是this。而this 指代的内容刚好是与时间(To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time, time that most people won’t put in.)有关。属于原词重现。故选D。 14．推理判断题 。根据第四段“It's sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent, but thinking that way does you no good, and there's a huge chance that you're wrong anyway.” （很容易去认为他们是运气好，或者天生有些独特的天赋，但是这么想对你并无好处，而且极有可能你想错了。）可以得知很多人的成功并不是因为天赋或运气。通过but之后的内容“thinking that way does you no good, and there's a huge chance that you're wrong anyway.”不难得出答案。而且也可以通过排除法得出答案。A项的“show skills 展现技能”表达错误。C项的表达“at the cost of life 以生命为代价”是错误的，这不符合常理，但这道题最容易出错。D项可以根据第四段最后一句的does you no good排除。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。通过文章最后一段主题句“Whatever you do , if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time. ”（无论你做什么，如果你想在这方面做得很好，你需要日复一日地工作，几乎到上瘾的程度，而且要持续很长一段时间）以及文章多次提到要花费时间和精力可知正确选项为C。ABD项都是以偏概全。属于原词重现。故选C。 （八） 【2023-2024学年福建省福建师范大学附属中学高一下学期期末】Our brains are “programmed” to learn more from people we like—and less from those we dislike. This has been shown by researchers in cognitive neuroscience (认知神经科学) in a series of experiments. Memory serves a vital function, enabling us to learn from new experiences and update existing knowledge. We learn both from individual experiences and from connecting them to draw new conclusions about the world. This way, we can make inferences about things that we don’t necessarily have direct experience of. This is called memory integration and makes learning quick and flexible. To examine what affects our ability to learn, and make inferences, Ines Bramao, associate-professor of psychology at Lund University, along with his co-workers, set up experiments where participants were tasked with remembering and connecting different objects. It could be a bowl, ball, spoon, scissors, or other everyday objects. It turned out that memory integration was influenced by who presented it. If it was a person the participant liked, connecting the information was easier compared to when the information came from someone the participant disliked. The participants provided individual definitions of “like” and “dislike” based on aspects such as political views, majors, eating habits, favorite sports, hobbies, and music. The findings can be applied in real life, according to the researchers. Ines explained: “Suppose a politician argues for raising taxes to benefit healthcare. Later, you visit a healthcare center and notice improvements have been made. If you side with the politician that wanted to improve healthcare through higher taxes, you’re likely to credit the improvements to the tax increase, even though the improvements might have had a completely different cause.” There’s already vast research describing that people learn information differently depending on the source and how that characterizes polarization and knowledge resistance. “What our research shows is how these significant phenomena can partly be traced back to fundamental principles that govern how our memory works,” says Ines. We tend to form new connections and update knowledge from information presented by groups we favor. 9．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “programmed” in Paragraph 1? A．Enhanced. B．Organized. C．Desire-driven. D．Nature-decided. 10．What did the experiments in Paragraph 3 conclude? A．It’s easier to absorb favorable information. B．It’s beneficial to focus on everyday objects. C．Presenters matter in connecting information. D．Life experiences affect people’s inferences. 11．How did Ines explain the application of his findings? A．By introducing a concept. B．By making an assumption. C．By employing an expert’s words. D．By referring to another experiment. 12．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．How brains function in learning B．Who impacts memory integration C．How brains learn from experiences D．What improves long-term memory 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．B 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了认知神经科学的研究人员已经证实，人们倾向于从他们喜欢的人身上学习。 9．词句猜测题。根据第一段“This has been shown by researchers in cognitive neuroscience (认知神经科学) in a series of experiments.(认知神经科学的研究人员在一系列实验中已经证明了这一点)”可知，Our brains are “programmed” to learn more from people we like—and less from those we dislike.是在一系列实验中发现的结果，属于客观性的事实，由此可推测出，画线词所在句表达的是：我们的大脑被“编程”为从我们喜欢的人那里学到更多，而从我们不喜欢的人身上学到更少，划线单词意为“编程”，此处表达的是大脑先天就被决定的运行模式，与D项“自然决定的”意思最接近。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It turned out that memory integration was influenced by who presented it. If it was a person the participant liked, connecting the information was easier compared to when the information came from someone the participant disliked.(事实证明，记忆整合受呈现者的影响。如果是参与者喜欢的人，那么与信息来自参与者不喜欢的人相比，连接信息更容易)”可知，参与者的记忆整合受呈现者的影响，如果信息呈现者是参与者喜欢的人，那么连接信息会比较容易，由此可推测出，呈现者在连接信息方面起着重要作用。故选C。 11．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Ines explained: “Suppose a politician argues for raising taxes to benefit healthcare. Later, you visit a healthcare center and notice improvements have been made. If you side with the politician that wanted to improve healthcare through higher taxes, you’re likely to credit the improvements to the tax increase, even though the improvements might have had a completely different cause.”(Ines解释道：“假设一位政治家主张提高税收以造福医疗保健。后来，你去了一家医疗保健中心，发现情况有所改善。如果你支持希望通过提高税收来改善医疗保健的政治家，你很可能会将这些改善归功于增税，尽管这些改善可能有完全不同的原因。”)”可推测出，Ines在谈及这项发现在现实生活中的运用时，通过假设政治家主张通过增加税收来改善医疗保健的情况来进行解释。故选B。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第一句“Our brains are “programmed” to learn more from people we like—and less from those we dislike.(我们的大脑被“编程”为从我们喜欢的人那里学到更多，而从我们不喜欢的人身上学到更少)”、第二段“Memory serves a vital function, enabling us to learn from new experiences and update existing knowledge. We learn both from individual experiences and from connecting them to draw new conclusions about the world. This way, we can make inferences about things that we don’t necessarily have direct experience of. This is called memory integration and makes learning quick and flexible.(记忆起着至关重要的作用，使我们能够从新的经历中学习，更新现有的知识。我们既从个人经历中学习，也从将它们联系起来以得出关于世界的新结论中学习。通过这种方式，我们可以对我们不一定有直接经验的事情进行推断，这被称为记忆整合，使学习快速而灵活)”和最后一段最后一句“We tend to form new connections and update knowledge from information presented by groups we favor.(我们倾向于从我们喜欢的群体提供的信息中形成新的联系并更新知识)”可知，本文主要介绍了认知神经科学的研究人员已经证实，我们倾向于从我们喜欢的人身上学习，根据那些人提供的信息形成新的联系并更新知识，而这是记忆整合，由此可推测出，B项“谁影响了记忆整合”最适合作本文标题。故选B。 （九） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州市八县（市）协作校高一下学期期末】Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated (聚居) by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly connected groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education (义务教育), especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6, 800 languages. The distribution (分布) of these languages is hugely irregular. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1, 000; Africa 2, 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to dying out, with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random (随机), Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 31．What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A．They had similar patterns. B．They were closely connected. C．They developed very fast. D．They were large in number. 32．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2? A．Powerful. B．Modern. C．Diverse. D．Advanced. 33．How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present? A．About 1,200. B．About 2,400. C．About 3,400. D．About 6,800. 34．What can be inferred from the phenomenon that the number of languages in Europe less than that in Asia? A．The population of Europe is less than that of Asia. B．The climate in Europe is milder than that in Asia. C．The climate in Asia is drier than that in Europe. D．Asia develop faster than Europe. 35．What is the main idea of the text? A．Geography determines language development. B．Human development results in fewer languages. C．New languages will be created. D．People's lifestyles are reflected in languages. 【答案】31．D 32．A 33．C 34．B 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着人类社会的发展，世界上的语言变得越来越少。文章主要介绍了语言减少甚至灭绝的现象，并分析了其原因。 31．推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“When the world was still populated(聚居) by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly connected groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.(当世界还居住着狩猎采集者时，小的紧密联系的组织发展了他们自己的相互独立的语言模式。一些语言专家认为，一万年前，当世界上只有500万到1000万人口的时候，他们之间可能说着12000种语言)”可知，在狩猎采集时代时，语言种类在数量上是很大的，故选D。 32．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段划线词dominant前文的内容“In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education(义务教育), especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear(近几个世纪以来，贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和义务教育的普及，尤其是全球化和过去几十年更好的交流，都导致许多语言消失)”可知，划线词前文的内容提到随着社会的发展，导致了许多语言的消失，故此处划线词dominant与A项“Powerful(有力量的，占主导地位的)”意思相近，语言的发展导致了许多语言的消失，因此占优势的语言如英语、西班牙语和汉语正在日益取代它们，故选A。 33．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“At present, the world has about 6, 800 languages.(目前，世界上大约有6800种语言)”和“The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.(说汉语的人的中位数仅为6000人，这意味着世界上一半的语言使用者都比这少)”可知，世界上的仅仅不到6000人，说的语言占到一半的世界语言，世界所有的语言大约有6800种，故6800*1/2=3400，故选C。 34．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1, 000; Africa 2, 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.(一般规律是，通常有很多人说，温和地区的语言相对较少，而炎热潮湿地区的语言较多。欧洲有大约200种语言；美洲有1000种；非洲有2400种；亚洲及太平洋地区可能有3200种，其中仅巴布亚新几内亚就站800多种。)”可推知，温和地区的语言相对较少，而炎热潮湿地区的语言较多，欧洲的语言数量比亚洲少，说明欧洲的气候比亚洲的气候更温和，故选B。 35．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.(语言的产生和消失已经有几千年的历史了，但在最近的时间里，出现的语言越来越少，消失的语言却越来越多)”以及第二段中“In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education(义务教育), especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.(近几个世纪以来，贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和义务教育的普及，尤其是全球化和过去几十年更好的交流，都导致许多语言消失，占优势的语言如英语、西班牙语和汉语正在日益取代他们。)”可知，本文主要介绍了随着人类的发展语言减少甚至灭绝的现象和原因，因此选项B“人类发展导致语言更少”符合文章标题。故选B。 （十） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州第一中学高一下学期期末】In the 1950s, British historian Northeaster Parkinson came up with a concept which was later known as Parkinson’s Law of Triviality. It says that the amount of time spent discussing an issue in an organization is oppositely connected with its actual importance. Parkinson’s Law of Triviality is also known as “bike-shedding (车棚)”, after the story Parkinson uses to illustrate it. He asks readers to imagine a financial committee meeting to discuss a three-point agenda. The points are as follows: A proposal for a £10 million nuclear power plant; A proposal for a £350 bike shed; A proposal for a £21 annual coffee budget. What happens? The committee ends up running through the nuclear power plant proposal in little time. It’s too advanced for anyone to really dig into the details. The discussion soon moves to the bike shed. Here, everyone’s an expert. In the end, the committee runs out of time and decides to meet again to complete their analysis. Bike-shedding happens because the smaller a matter is, the more people will have an opinion on it, even when there is no genuine value to add. When something is outside of our circle of capability, like a nuclear power plant, we don’t even try to express an opinion. But when something is understandable, everyone wants to show that they know about the topic at hand. How can we avoid bike-shedding? The main thing you can do is to have a clear purpose. Priya Parker, the author of The Art of Gathering: How We Meet and Why It Matters, says that any successful gathering needs to have a focused purpose. “Specificity,” she says, “is a key element.” When it comes to choosing your list of invitees, Parker writes, “if the purpose of your meeting is to make a decision, you may want to consider having fewer cooks in the kitchen.” Getting the result you want — a thoughtful, educated discussion about that power plant — depends on having the right people in the room. 12．Which one actually takes up the most time in Parkinson’s imaginary financial meeting? A．The story used to illustrate the solution. B．The nuclear power plant proposal. C．The bike shed proposal. D．The coffee budget proposal. 13．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4? A．What requires more effort may get less attention. B．The more you know, the less you speak. C．What is simple for you may be tough for others. D．The more you put in, the better your result will be. 14．What does the author suggest for a successful meeting? A．Taking different opinions into account. B．Setting a specific time limit before the meeting. C．Spending less time in discussing the minor issues. D．Avoiding inviting people with little relevant knowledge. 15．What does the text mainly talk about? A．An important element in decision-making. B．A nuclear power plant dilemma. C．Why we call for an effective meeting. D．Why we tend to focus on small matters. 【答案】12．C 13．A 14．D 15．D 【导语】这篇文章属于说明文。文章主要介绍了帕金森琐碎定律（也称为“自行车棚”现象），即一个组织中讨论某个问题的时间与其实际重要性成反比，并给出了避免这一现象的建议。 12．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The committee ends up running through the nuclear power plant proposal in little time. It’s too advanced for anyone to really dig into the details. The discussion soon moves to the bike shed. Here, everyone’s an expert. ”（委员会最终只用了很短的时间就通过了核电站的提案。它太先进了，任何人都无法真正深入研究细节。讨论很快就转向了自行车棚。）和第四段中“When something is outside of our circle of capability, like a nuclear power plant, we don’t even try to express an opinion. But when something is understandable, everyone wants to show that they know about the topic at hand.”（当一些事情超出我们的能力范围时，比如核电站，我们甚至不会试图表达意见。但是当某件事是可以理解的时候，每个人都想表明他们了解手头的话题。）可推知，在Parkinson的想象中的金融会议上，花费最多时间的是自行车棚提案，因为这是大家都理解的提案，每个人都想表达自己的看法。故选C项。 13．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Bike-shedding happens because the smaller a matter is, the more people will have an opinion on it, even when there is no genuine value to add. When something is outside of our circle of capability, like a nuclear power plant, we don’t even try to express an opinion. But when something is understandable, everyone wants to show that they know about the topic at hand.”（“自行车棚”现象之所以发生，是因为事情越小，越多的人会对它发表意见，即使没有什么真正的价值可以添加。当某件事超出我们的能力范围时，比如核电站，我们甚至不会尝试发表意见。但是，当某件事是可以理解的时，每个人都想证明自己了解手头的话题。）可推知，像核电站这类需要更多精力的事情可能会得到更少的关注，因为人们更倾向于对容易理解的事情发表意见。故选A项。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Getting the result you want — a thoughtful, educated discussion about that power plant — depends on having the right people in the room.”（想要得到你想要的结果——一场关于电厂的深思熟虑的、有知识的讨论——取决于是否有合适的人在场。）可推知，对于一个成功的会议，作者的建议是把合适的人请到会议桌前，避免邀请没有相关知识的人。故选D项。 15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其结合第四段中“Bike-shedding happens because the smaller a matter is, the more people will have an opinion on it, even when there is no genuine value to add.”（“自行车棚”现象之所以发生，是因为事情越小，越多的人会对它发表意见，即使没有什么真正的价值可以添加。）可推知，文章主要介绍了帕金森琐碎定律（也称为“自行车棚”现象），解释了为什么人们倾向于关注小事而忽略更重要的事情，并通过具体的例子和解释来阐述这一现象。因此，文章的主要话题是“为什么我们倾向于关注小事”。故选D项。 （十一） 【2023-2024学年福建省福清市高一下学期期末】Wherever we go, we are surrounded by history. Across the globe, cultural heritage is passed down through the generations. It is in the buildings and structures around us. It is in the arts and artifacts (手工艺品) we treasure. It lives in the languages we speak and the stories we tell. But today, it is under attack as never before. Not only are the damages of time threatening our cultural heritage, but conflicts, climate change, globalization and tourism are all exacting a heavy price. Technology is now the most essential weapon in the battle. Here’s how technology is preserving our cultural heritage. As you can imagine, creating the replicas (复制品) via crowd sourced 2D images is extremely time-consuming. Increasingly, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms (算法) are being used to do all the required sourcing, allowing millions of images to be stored in a matter of hours. AI will also make restoration and preservation of existing cultural heritage far easier and vastly superior to previous methods. Virtual reality (VR) technology will play a leading role in preserving our cultural heritage in the coming years. Many of the most important sites and architecture are extremely fragile. Human interaction with these locations is doing a great deal of harm. Wastes accumulate everywhere, causing enormous problems. As more cultural heritage sites and objects are digitally mapped and recorded, VR technology will increasingly become the way that people experience them. We’ll all eventually be able to walk through places, look at (and touch!) artifacts and works of art without ever seeing them with our own eyes. Finally, our cultural heritage will be preserved via technology. Efforts in research, innovation, data sharing and project work will help promote and preserve the cultural heritage of countries all across the world. 8．What does the underlined word “exacting” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Paying. B．Cutting. C．Receiving. D．Demanding. 9．What is the advantage of AI in preserving cultural heritage? A．It generates 2D images. B．It makes restoration easier. C．It makes preservation safer. D．It creates replicas in seconds. 10．How does VR help to preserve cultural heritage? A．By recycling huge amounts of waste. B．By reducing human impact on the site. C．By forbidding visitors from touching artifacts. D．By educating people about the sites’ importance. 11．What is the author’s attitude towards technology application in preserving the cultural heritage? A．Ignoring. B．Compromising. C．Approving. D．Disagreeing. 【答案】8．A 9．B 10．B 11．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍现代技术（AI和VR）怎样应用在文化遗产的保护上。 8．词句猜测题。根据第一段“But today, it is under attack as never before. Not only are the damages of time threatening our cultural heritage(但今天，文化受到前所未有的攻击。时间的破坏不仅威胁着我们的文化遗产)”可知，后文应该讲的是冲突、气候变化、全球化和旅游业都在要求付出沉重的代价。可以猜测exacting为“要求付出”。故选A项。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“AI will also make restoration and preservation of existing cultural heritage far easier and vastly superior to previous methods. (人工智能还将使现有文化遗产的恢复和保护变得更加容易，并且大大优于以前的方法)”可知，人工智能使现有文化遗产的恢复变得更容易。故选B项。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段“ As more cultural heritage sites and objects are digitally mapped and recorded, VR technology will increasingly become the way that people experience them. We'll all eventually be able to walk through places, look at (and touch!) artifacts and works of art without ever seeing them with our own eyes. (随着越来越多的文化遗址和文物被数字地图和记录，虚拟现实技术将越来越成为人们体验它们的方式。我们最终都将能够在不同的地方穿行，观看（和触摸！）手工艺品和艺术品却不用真正看到它们)”可知，VR技术可以模拟出这些文化遗产让我们感受而不用去现场，从而减少人类对文化遗址的影响以及破坏。故选B项。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Finally, our cultural heritage will be preserved via technology. Efforts in research, innovation, data sharing and project work will help promote and preserve the cultural heritage of countries all across the world.(最后，我们的文化遗产将通过技术来保护。在研究、创新、数据共享和项目工作方面的努力将有助于促进和保护世界各国的文化遗产)”可推知，作者对科技在保护文化遗产方面的应用持支持态度。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 阅读理解之说明文二 （一） 【2023-2024学年福建省泉州市高一下学期期末】Active learning is a method that has students learning at its centre and fully participating in class activities. It focuses on not only the content but also the way they learn. Students are encouraged to “think hard”, practice skills, solve problems, struggle with complex questions, propose solutions, and explain ideas in their own words through writing and discussion, rather than receive information inactively from the teacher. Active learning is based on the Theory of Constructivism (建构主义理论), which stresses the fact that learners build their own understanding upon their existing knowledge. Researchers also believe that learning should be closely connected and within a meaningful context. Besides, learning experiences for young people should be appropriate to their level of development. There is now a wealth of research that shows us that simply telling students what they need to know doesn’t help them to gain a deep understanding of a subject area. Instead, teachers should challenge their students’ thinking. Teachers should also keep students engaged and active in their own learning process so as to build students’ knowledge and understanding. By giving students greater involvement and control over their learning, active learning increases students’ interest and develops their learning ability. This means that students are better able to continue learning once they have left school and college. It also prepares students better for both higher education and for the workplace because analytical (分析的) skills help them to be better at solving problems. Universities and employers value this. Since an active learning method encourages all students to stay focused on their learning, teachers will often see students show greater interest in their studies. They also enjoy the level of academic discussion with their students which an active learning approach encourages. 8．What is the purpose of paragraph 2? A．To advocate active learning. B．To further explain active learning. C．To present application of active learning. D．To evidence the effects of active learning. 9．How should teachers promote active learning in students? A．By offering ideas. B．By giving explanation. C．By feeding information. D．By encouraging thinking. 10．What can be a benefit of active learning? A．Higher education admission rate. B．Better life-long learning ability. C．Fewer complex questions while studying. D．Greater teacher control over students’ learning. 11．Which aspect of active learning does the passage focus on? A．Its features. B．Its rules. C．Its background. D．Its development. （二） 【2023-2024学年福建省厦门市高一下学期期末】We all remember that first cry at the movies. Whether they are tears of joy or sadness, it’s quite astonishing that human emotion can be controlled by moving images on a screen. In fact, it all comes from a plan. But what about those heart-breaking stories… for kids? They seem not to sugarcoat the realities of the world. Actually, many great kids’ movies loaded with tragedy (悲剧) are purposefully meant to stir up kids’ strong feelings. According to Aristotle, tragedy aids us in facing life’s unsolvable issues through sensible thought. Therefore, the existence of tragedy in kids’ movies is to teach kids to handle, to understand and to heal (治愈). The hardest lesson for a child is how to deal with loss, especially if it’s sudden. The cartoon classic The Lion King tells the story of Simba, who experiences the loss of his father. Kids see themselves in Simba’s character. He has dreams. He has a desire to grow and be a part of a bigger world. But it is really heartbreaking to see the loss. Why is a film like this so beloved when it makes kids cry? The lesson it teaches is to overcome hardships and to move forward. Hakuna Matata! Yes, the phrase from The Lion King is to teach kids it’s okay to move on from tragic loss and not to let it define you. It’s an important lesson we learned at a very young age. Sadness should not be ignored. It’s important to feel sad, and that is why these films are so great. In Dumbo, Charlotte’s Web and Bridge to Terabithia, we lose our beloved characters. This quite upsets kids, but it teaches them to accept sadness and makes something new out of it. So, what is the message behind a sad kids’ movie? It’s meant to teach the audience, especially children, to gain their independence and how to free themselves from tragedy. It’s like a cushion (缓冲垫) that separates stories from reality. It helps children deal with sad feelings when they come for real, or at least find relief by saying Hakuna Matata. 8．Why does the author mention “first cry” in paragraph 1? A．To promote a movie. B．To explain the reason. C．To support an argument. D．To introduce the topic. 9．What does the underlined phrase “Hakun a Matata” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Defining sadness as a treatment. B．Challenging oneself with tragic losses. C．Seeking knowledge to enrich life. D．Heading forward without being trapped. 10．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Sad kids’ movies help children to escape from reality. B．Sad kids’ movies prepare children for life struggles. C．Children can learn to ignore sadness in tragedy. D．Children can find a way to hide sad feelings. 11．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Are Great Kids’ Movies So Sad? B．What Is the Power of Great Kids’ Movies? C．Life’s Hardest Lesson: How Movies Inspire Us? D．Moving Beyond Reality: What Kids’ Movies Teach Us? （三） 【2023-2024学年福建省漳州市高一下学期期末】If you travel to the US and Egypt and forget to tip the hotel staff, it’s possible that you experience a rather awkward reaction. Similarly, if you give table staff a little extra money after a meal in France or Japan, then you’ll probably receive a similar response. Do the same in Argentina and you may even find yourself in trouble with the police — it’s illegal. Not knowing where and who to tip in different countries can be something causing social trouble. But travel search site We go has now constructed an easy-to-follow infographic (信息图) showing where and when to tip when travelling abroad. According to the infographic, no tipping should ever happen in Argentina, Japan Oman, Yemen and France. In Austria, Brazil, Netherlands, Russia, Chile, South Africa an Turkey, tipping is expected after eating in a restaurant, unless service charge in included. Tipping is left up to the customer in countries including the UK, Norway, Spain, Denmark and Germany. Deciding whether to leave a tip in these countries depends on the quality of service or experience. “In the US, low pay earners in the service industry depend on tipping to increase their income, but in Romania, tips are often declined even if the servers may be also in need of the extra earnings,” explains Joachim Holte, Chief Marketing Officer for We go. However, it seems that tipping traditions are changing throughout the world as more people travel abroad. Australia and New Zealand don’t have a history of tipping, yet travellers who are unaware of this fact have heightened some expectations from service staff. If you haven’t done your homework before you go, remember you can always ask what the custom is from hotel staff. Most people will appreciate you taking the time to find out, and it’s a good way to avoid some very unpleasant situations. 4．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．We must turn to the infographic when tipping. B．The search site easily constructed an infographic. C．The amount of tipping varies from country to country. D．We should be careful with tipping in different countries. 5．What may have an effect on tipping in Denmark? A．National laws. B．Dinner costs. C．Servers’ performances. D．Customers’ incomes. 6．What does the underlined word “declined” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Expected. B．Refused. C．Doubled. D．Spent. 7．What probably causes the change in tipping traditions? A．Influences from foreign cultures. B．Demands of the service industry. C．The introduction of the infographic. D．The desire to avoid awkward situations. （四） 【2023-2024学年福建省南平市高一下学期期末】An artificial intelligence (人工智能) system has shown it can save lives by warning doctors to check on patients whose heart test results show a high risk of dying. In a test with almost 16,000 patients, the AI helped reduce the total deaths by 31% among people who were at high risk. “This is actually quite amazing,” says Eric Topol at the Scripps Research TranslationalInstitute in California. “It is quite uncommon for any drug to result in a 31% reduction in the number of deaths, and then even more unusual for a non-drug — this is just monitoring people with AI.” Chin Lin at Texas Medical Center and his colleagues trained their AI on more than 450,000 electrocardiogram (ECG) (心电图) tests, which measure the heart’s electrical activity, along with the survival data of the ECG subjects. The AI learned to produce a percentile (百分位) score representing each patient’s risk of death, whose score in the 95th percentile or higher would be considered high risk. The researchers then tested the AI warning system with 39 doctors at two different hospitals. As nurses transmitted each new patient’s ECG tests to a computer server, the AI system would analyse the results and warn doctors if it identified someone as being high risk. In addition to reducing the risk of death from all causes, the AI system also reduced the death rate from heart issues in high-risk patients by more than 90%. Lin and his colleagues say the AI warnings may help focus attention on the highest risk group. During the research, doctors usually followed up warnings with more tests and treatment. The system is already being used across 14 hospitals in Texas. “This can be put into effect in every hospital around the world,” says Topol. “It should be the standard of care when you see such a significant benefit.” 12．What made the AI system stand out in the test? A．Its speed in analyzing ECG tests. B．Its function of testing heart diseases. C．Its application in hospitals nationwide. D．Its ability to reduce deaths without drugs. 13．What could the AI system do according to paragraph 3? A．Train doctors and nurses. B．Record patients’ survival data. C．Analyse each patient’s risk of cancer. D．Provide patients’ death-risk percentiles. 14．What did the doctors tend to do after receiving AI warnings? A．Identify high-risk patients. B．Transmit the data. C．Conduct further tests and treatment. D．Study the results of tests. 15．What is Topol’s attitude to the AI system? A．Confident. B．Uncertain. C．Doubtful. D．Objective. （五） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州市六校高一下学期期末联考】The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 12．What does the author say about silence in conversations? A．It implies anger. B．It promotes friendship. C．It is culture-specific. D．It is content-based. 13．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A．The Chinese. B．The French. C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians. 14．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A．Let it continue as the patient pleases. B．Break it while treating patients. C．Evaluate its harm to patients. D．Make use of its healing effects. 15．What may be the best title for the text? A．Sound and Silence B．What It Means to Be Silent C．Silence to Native Americans D．Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold （六） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州市联盟学校高一下学期期末】In the early 2000s, a great white shark named Nicole swam about 20,000 kilometers from South Africa to Australia then back again within nine months. The first arm of this journey eastwards across the Indian Ocean included the fastest known transoceanic return migration (迁移) among sea animals. On November 7, 2003, researchers attached an electronic tracker to her fin (鳍) while she was in the waters of South Africa. After completing the first le g of the journey, the tag (标签) fell off near Exmouth Gulf in Western Australia and sent the data to a satellite. It showed that she had swum from South Africa to Australia, around 11,100 kilometers, in just 99 days—a record-breaking achievement. The researchers thought this would be the end of the story, but she was spotted again on August 20, 2004—all the way back in South Africa. “This is one of the most significant discoveries about white sharks and suggests that we might have to rewrite the life history of this powerful fish,” Dr Ramón Bonfi l said. “More importantly, Nicole has shown us that separate populations of great white sharks may be more directly connected than previously thought, and that wide-ranging white sharks that are nationally protected in places such as South Africa and Australia are much easier to be hurt by human fishing in the open oceans than we previously thought.” Great white sharks are some of the world’s toughest travelers, which are regularly seen crossing extreme routes around the world’s oceans. They don’t gently wander on their voyages either; the species can complete some of the fastest transoceanic migrations ever seen by sea animals. While most of the journey was made at the ocean’s surface, Nicole regularly jumped into the Indian Ocean basin (盆地) at a depth of 980 meters. In 2005, this was a record breaker for great whites, but scientists have since found they can swim as deep as 1,128 meters. 12．What was unique about Nicole’s journey to Australia? A．It was the longest journey by a shark. B．She was the first shark tagged electronically. C．It was the fastest recorded transoceanic trip. D．It took her less than 100 days to complete. 13．What can we learn from Dr. Bonfil’s research? A．Populations of white sharks are completely alone. B．White sharks has no significant interconnections. C．White sharks have closer connections than thought. D．Human fishing has fewer influences on sharks. 14．What does Nicole’s deep swimming behavior suggest? A．Great whites prefer deeper waters. B．Great whites hunt in deep ocean basins. C．All great whites jump into similar depths. D．Great whites can survive extreme pressures. 15．In which section of a newspaper many the text appear? A．Nature. B．Technology. C．Entertainment. D．Education. （七） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州市九县（市、区）一中（高中）联考高一下学期期末】Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I’m not going to say luck,talent,and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and that’s just the reality of how life is. However,to succeed in life,one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical.And,in addition to that,in order to get really good at something,one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing.To become great at certain things,it’ll require even more time,time that most people won’t put in. This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. If you don’t enjoy what you do ,it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you quit well before you ever become good at it. When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success,you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost.It’s sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent,but thinking that way does you no good,and there’s a huge chance that you’re wrong anyway. Whatever you do,if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out,almost to the point of addiction,and over a long period of time.If you’re not willing to put in the time and work,don’t expect to receive any rewards.Consistent, hard work won’t guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into. 11．Paragraph 1 mainly talks about ________. A．the reasons for success B．the meaning of success C．the standards of success D．the importance of success 12．In Paragraph 2,the underlined word that refers to ______. A．being good at something B．setting a practical goal C．putting in more time D．succeeding in life 13．Successful people suggest doing what one loves because ______. A．work makes one feel pain B．one tends to enjoy his work C．one gives up his work easily D．it takes a lot of time to succeed 14．What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A．Successful people like to show their great skills. B．People sometimes succeed without luck or talent. C．People need to achieve success at the cost of life. D．It helps to think that luck or talent leads to success. 15．What is the main theme of the passage? A．Having a goal is vital to success. B．Being good is different from being great. C．One cannot succeed without time and practice. D．Luck,talent and family help to achieve success. （八） 【2023-2024学年福建省福建师范大学附属中学高一下学期期末】Our brains are “programmed” to learn more from people we like—and less from those we dislike. This has been shown by researchers in cognitive neuroscience (认知神经科学) in a series of experiments. Memory serves a vital function, enabling us to learn from new experiences and update existing knowledge. We learn both from individual experiences and from connecting them to draw new conclusions about the world. This way, we can make inferences about things that we don’t necessarily have direct experience of. This is called memory integration and makes learning quick and flexible. To examine what affects our ability to learn, and make inferences, Ines Bramao, associate-professor of psychology at Lund University, along with his co-workers, set up experiments where participants were tasked with remembering and connecting different objects. It could be a bowl, ball, spoon, scissors, or other everyday objects. It turned out that memory integration was influenced by who presented it. If it was a person the participant liked, connecting the information was easier compared to when the information came from someone the participant disliked. The participants provided individual definitions of “like” and “dislike” based on aspects such as political views, majors, eating habits, favorite sports, hobbies, and music. The findings can be applied in real life, according to the researchers. Ines explained: “Suppose a politician argues for raising taxes to benefit healthcare. Later, you visit a healthcare center and notice improvements have been made. If you side with the politician that wanted to improve healthcare through higher taxes, you’re likely to credit the improvements to the tax increase, even though the improvements might have had a completely different cause.” There’s already vast research describing that people learn information differently depending on the source and how that characterizes polarization and knowledge resistance. “What our research shows is how these significant phenomena can partly be traced back to fundamental principles that govern how our memory works,” says Ines. We tend to form new connections and update knowledge from information presented by groups we favor. 9．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “programmed” in Paragraph 1? A．Enhanced. B．Organized. C．Desire-driven. D．Nature-decided. 10．What did the experiments in Paragraph 3 conclude? A．It’s easier to absorb favorable information. B．It’s beneficial to focus on everyday objects. C．Presenters matter in connecting information. D．Life experiences affect people’s inferences. 11．How did Ines explain the application of his findings? A．By introducing a concept. B．By making an assumption. C．By employing an expert’s words. D．By referring to another experiment. 12．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．How brains function in learning B．Who impacts memory integration C．How brains learn from experiences D．What improves long-term memory （九） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州市八县（市）协作校高一下学期期末】Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated (聚居) by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly connected groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education (义务教育), especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6, 800 languages. The distribution (分布) of these languages is hugely irregular. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1, 000; Africa 2, 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to dying out, with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random (随机), Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 31．What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A．They had similar patterns. B．They were closely connected. C．They developed very fast. D．They were large in number. 32．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2? A．Powerful. B．Modern. C．Diverse. D．Advanced. 33．How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present? A．About 1,200. B．About 2,400. C．About 3,400. D．About 6,800. 34．What can be inferred from the phenomenon that the number of languages in Europe less than that in Asia? A．The population of Europe is less than that of Asia. B．The climate in Europe is milder than that in Asia. C．The climate in Asia is drier than that in Europe. D．Asia develop faster than Europe. 35．What is the main idea of the text? A．Geography determines language development. B．Human development results in fewer languages. C．New languages will be created. D．People's lifestyles are reflected in languages. （十） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州第一中学高一下学期期末】In the 1950s, British historian Northeaster Parkinson came up with a concept which was later known as Parkinson’s Law of Triviality. It says that the amount of time spent discussing an issue in an organization is oppositely connected with its actual importance. Parkinson’s Law of Triviality is also known as “bike-shedding (车棚)”, after the story Parkinson uses to illustrate it. He asks readers to imagine a financial committee meeting to discuss a three-point agenda. The points are as follows: A proposal for a £10 million nuclear power plant; A proposal for a £350 bike shed; A proposal for a £21 annual coffee budget. What happens? The committee ends up running through the nuclear power plant proposal in little time. It’s too advanced for anyone to really dig into the details. The discussion soon moves to the bike shed. Here, everyone’s an expert. In the end, the committee runs out of time and decides to meet again to complete their analysis. Bike-shedding happens because the smaller a matter is, the more people will have an opinion on it, even when there is no genuine value to add. When something is outside of our circle of capability, like a nuclear power plant, we don’t even try to express an opinion. But when something is understandable, everyone wants to show that they know about the topic at hand. How can we avoid bike-shedding? The main thing you can do is to have a clear purpose. Priya Parker, the author of The Art of Gathering: How We Meet and Why It Matters, says that any successful gathering needs to have a focused purpose. “Specificity,” she says, “is a key element.” When it comes to choosing your list of invitees, Parker writes, “if the purpose of your meeting is to make a decision, you may want to consider having fewer cooks in the kitchen.” Getting the result you want — a thoughtful, educated discussion about that power plant — depends on having the right people in the room. 12．Which one actually takes up the most time in Parkinson’s imaginary financial meeting? A．The story used to illustrate the solution. B．The nuclear power plant proposal. C．The bike shed proposal. D．The coffee budget proposal. 13．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4? A．What requires more effort may get less attention. B．The more you know, the less you speak. C．What is simple for you may be tough for others. D．The more you put in, the better your result will be. 14．What does the author suggest for a successful meeting? A．Taking different opinions into account. B．Setting a specific time limit before the meeting. C．Spending less time in discussing the minor issues. D．Avoiding inviting people with little relevant knowledge. 15．What does the text mainly talk about? A．An important element in decision-making. B．A nuclear power plant dilemma. C．Why we call for an effective meeting. D．Why we tend to focus on small matters. （十一） 【2023-2024学年福建省福清市高一下学期期末】Wherever we go, we are surrounded by history. Across the globe, cultural heritage is passed down through the generations. It is in the buildings and structures around us. It is in the arts and artifacts (手工艺品) we treasure. It lives in the languages we speak and the stories we tell. But today, it is under attack as never before. Not only are the damages of time threatening our cultural heritage, but conflicts, climate change, globalization and tourism are all exacting a heavy price. Technology is now the most essential weapon in the battle. Here’s how technology is preserving our cultural heritage. As you can imagine, creating the replicas (复制品) via crowd sourced 2D images is extremely time-consuming. Increasingly, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms (算法) are being used to do all the required sourcing, allowing millions of images to be stored in a matter of hours. AI will also make restoration and preservation of existing cultural heritage far easier and vastly superior to previous methods. Virtual reality (VR) technology will play a leading role in preserving our cultural heritage in the coming years. Many of the most important sites and architecture are extremely fragile. Human interaction with these locations is doing a great deal of harm. Wastes accumulate everywhere, causing enormous problems. As more cultural heritage sites and objects are digitally mapped and recorded, VR technology will increasingly become the way that people experience them. We’ll all eventually be able to walk through places, look at (and touch!) artifacts and works of art without ever seeing them with our own eyes. Finally, our cultural heritage will be preserved via technology. Efforts in research, innovation, data sharing and project work will help promote and preserve the cultural heritage of countries all across the world. 8．What does the underlined word “exacting” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Paying. B．Cutting. C．Receiving. D．Demanding. 9．What is the advantage of AI in preserving cultural heritage? A．It generates 2D images. B．It makes restoration easier. C．It makes preservation safer. D．It creates replicas in seconds. 10．How does VR help to preserve cultural heritage? A．By recycling huge amounts of waste. B．By reducing human impact on the site. C．By forbidding visitors from touching artifacts. D．By educating people about the sites’ importance. 11．What is the author’s attitude towards technology application in preserving the cultural heritage? A．Ignoring. B．Compromising. C．Approving. D．Disagreeing. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$