精品解析：北京市中国人民大学附属中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期中英语试题

人大附中2024~2025学年度第二学期高二年级期中练习 英语 说明：本试卷共8页，满分100分；考试时间90分钟；请在答题卡上填写个人信息，并将条形码贴在答题卡的相应位置上。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）。 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My husband kissed me goodbye, stroked the baby's cheek and then rushed out of the door, into his busy day. With the cold of the morning fading, I fed my baby and it fell fast asleep. ___1___ would place it in bed and quickly have the house somewhat in order. However, this morning, I stayed seated; just. thinking, with the baby in my arms. The thoughts ran into memories of the mornings with my husband, a father rushing out of the door to meet the ___2___ of life. It was only a small jump to thoughts of my own father. My mother passed away when I was ten, and as I looked back, I could see how much of a family man my dad was. He went to work every morning and returned to his family every evening. He ___3___ food, clothing, warmth, and protection. He was a faithful father. Setting the baby down, I dialed the ___4___ number. I had just realized ___5___ of the ordinary — the daily life going on around us that we often took for granted, and that it needed to be ___6___. “Hi Dad.” I said, holding back tears. “Hey, Bud. How are you?” ___7___ was in his voice. “Fine, I’m just calling to say... thank you.” I got it out before my throat ___8___ too much for me to speak. “What for?” “For getting up and going to work every morning of my life. Now that I have my own child and I see my husband doing the same, I just wanted to thank you for being faithful.” There was silence for a moment as my dad ___9___ himself, and with a small tremble in his voice he said, “You’re welcome, Bud.” I don’t remember much of the rest of the call, but that moment of revelation about my father, I will never forget. There are those who are known for their heroic deeds, and also those who are known for their fortunes and fame, but it is the ____10____ everyday fathers who are the true heroes. I’m thankful that my father was one of them. 1. A. Regularly B. Occasionally C. Usually D. Specifically 2. A. pleasures B. adventures C. obligations D. dreams 3. A. bought B. collected C. sought D. provided 4. A. popular B. relative C. hopeful D. familiar 5. A. significance B. difference C. balance D. absence 6. A. recognized B. arranged C. reduced D. achieved 7. A. Sympathy B. Concern C. Doubt D. Stress 8. A. cleared B. hurt C. ached D. tightened 9. A. distracted B. composed C. relaxed D. panicked 10 A. outstanding B. ordinary C. patient D. honest 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 TCM treatments aim to cure problems by restoring the balance of energies. Herbal medicine and acupuncture are the most popular treatments. There are over 10,000 ingredients ___11___ (use) in Chinese herbal medicine. Different parts of plants and their ___12___ (extract) are the most commonly used ingredients, although some animal and mineral ingredients are also used. Acupuncture is a treatment that stimulates specific points ___13___ the body by inserting extremely thin needles into the skin. It is often used ___14___ (provide) pain relief for conditions like lower back pain, shoulder stiffness, and knee soreness. Other practices include breathing and movement exercises, massage therapy, and diet. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Li Bai, one of China’s greatest poets, wrote poetry during the Tang Dynasty, around a thousand years before Wordsworth. His free, vivid and exaggerated style of poetry is in many ways an early form of the Romantic Movement in 19th century Europe. As with Wordsworth and his contemporaries, Li Bai’s poems were about beautiful natural scenes and the people ___15___ touched his heart. As a boy, Li Bai lived in Sichuan with his family. At the age of 25, he ___16___ (begin) travelling around the country. He made friends with scholars and kept journals. His travels were the basis for ___17___(he) works of more than 2,000 poems, of which approximately 1,800 are still read today. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The results of studies show that EQ is as important, if not more important than IQ. To get ahead in the world and lead a happy successful life ___18___ (require) getting on well with other people and ___19___ (be) able to understand and react to situations in the best way possible. A high EQ is necessary for this—the higher the better. And the fact that it might be possible to raise EQs means that schools need to make sure that their students are receiving an education they really need, not solely based on IQ ___20___ on developing the entire character. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，34分） 第一节（共12小题；每小题2分，共24分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The rain hammered the roof as Mia hunched over her phone, the screen glowing in the dim attic (阁楼). Outside, the storm raged-trees bending, power lines swaying. She’d climbed up here to escape her little brother’s whining, but now a text from Jake lit up her screen: “Found a bag of cash by the creek. Split it with you. No one will know.” Her stomach twisted. The creek was a muddy mess after days of rain, and no one sensible was out there. Who’d lost it? She pictured Jake, soaked and grinning, holding a worn bag. They’d been tight since fifth grade — shared secrets, dumb bets. He’d probably spend his half on that beat-up guitar he’d been eyeing. But the money wasn’t theirs. Someone could be extremely worried, searching. Maybe it was rent, or medicine cash-something vital. She typed, “What if it’s someone’s life savings?” Jake shot back, “Finders keepers, losers weepers. Storm washed it up. Gone otherwise.” Thunder rattled the house, and Mia’s mind raced. Her mom worked double shifts at the diner, always stressed about bills. Half that cash could fix the leaky roof or buy her brother new shoes. She could hear her mom’s voice: “Do what’s right, even when it’s hard,” But Jake’s words gnawed at her — gone otherwise. The storm might bury it deeper, or some stranger could take it. Was keeping it really stealing if no one claimed it? She grabbed her raincoat, heart pounding, and slipped outside. The creek was a roar of brown water, and there was Jake, waving her over. The bag sat between them — wet, heavy, stuffed with crumpled bills. “We’re good, right?” he asked, eyes bright. Mia stared at the cash, then the churning water. She could take it, or she could drag it to the police station a mile away. The rain stung her face as she made up her mind. 21. Why did Mia go to the attic? A. To play with her phone secretly. B. To escape her little brother’s complaints. C. To protect herself from the storm outside. D. To wait for Jake’s message about the money. 22. What dilemma does Mia face in the story? A. Whether to stay safe indoors or explore the storm. B. Whether to keep the found money or try to return it. C. Whether to tell her mom about Jake’s plan. D. Whether to buy a guitar with her own savings. 23. Why does Mia consider keeping the money? A She wants to impress Jake with her bravery. B. She believes the storm will destroy it anyway. C. Her family struggles financially, and it could help. D. She thinks it belongs to someone rich who won’t miss it. 24. Which theme is most clearly explored in this story? A. Trust your own instincts over others’ opinions. B. Difficult choices reveal a person’s true values. C. Friends should stick together no matter what. D. Rules matter less when no one is watching. B At first the question was how quickly people would get back to the office. Then it was whether they would ever return. The last three years has witnessed a major change in white-collar working patterns. The office is not dead but many professionals have settled into a hybrid (混合的) arrangement of some office days and some remote days. Hybrid working has much to recommend: flexibility for employees, periods of concentration at home, bursts of cooperation in the office. A new paper from Harvard Business School describes an experiment in which workers at BRAC, a non-profit organization in Britain, were randomly assigned to three groups, each spending different amounts of time working from home. The intermediate group, who spent between 23% and 40% of their time in the office, performed best on various performance measures. But a shit on this large scale is bound to raise tricky issues. In workplaces that have moved to hybrid work, there are still plenty of open questions. One is how to handle the impact of less time in the office for new joiners and younger workers. Research by Emma Harrington of the University of Iowa shows that software engineers receive more feedback on their code when the team sits next to each other in the office, especially new engineers. According to Nicholas Bloom of Stanford University, making new employees spend more time in the office can be a good way of integrating them into company culture and improving their competence. And these younger employees were most likely to quit when everyone was forced to go remote. A second question concerns how strictly to enforce attendance on days when teams are meant to be in the office. An agreement holds that there should be agreed “anchor days” on which all the people come to work in the office; since the idea is to spend time together, as many people as possible should be there. But one person on the team might have moved somewhere else; someone else might have asked to stay home to let the repairer in. In practice, therefore, hybrid working still often means a mixture of people on screen and people in the office. Other questions exist. How to define performance measures so managers do not spend time worrying about lazy workers at home? Would company-wide anchor days be more effective, or would team-level ones be preferable? The era of hybrid working is only just beginning, so it will take time for answers to emerge. But if there is a message from this first full year of hybrid working, it is that flexibility does not mean a free-for-all. 25. What benefits can newcomers gain from in-office work? A. Better work-life balance. B. Increased flexibility in work hours. C. Enhanced focus and fewer distractions. D. More chances for feedback and skill growth. 26. What makes it difficult to enforce attendance on anchor days? A. Young workers prefer working on screen. B Engineers object to the idea of anchor days. C. Office workers can’t take a day off as expected. D. Employees have various private matters to address. 27. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with? A. It is necessary to grant employees full autonomous rights. B. Employers should go with the flow because new questions will emerge. C. Allowing flexibility in work arrangements does not mean having no rules. D. It is no easy job to arrange either company-wide or team-level anchor days. 28. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Hybrid working is outdated after workers’ return. B. A shift of working patterns calls for hybrid working. C. Some open questions exist regarding hybrid working. D. Fixed restrictions should be applied to hybrid working. C For a long time, psychologists agreed with the findings of Roy Baumeister, whose research showed that willpower was a limited resource that could easily be exhausted through use: His book, Willpower: Rediscovering the Greatest Human Strength, has long been seen as the typical handbook on this subject. Plus, hundreds of experiments showed that when people had to complete two back-to-back tasks which both required willpower, they would demonstrate less willpower on the second task. From this research, willpower came to be understood as a “brain muscle” that would grow more tired the longer you used it. With adequate rest and recovery, the muscle’s energy would be restored, and willpower levels would return to normal. This made sense and even opened the door for an optimistic long-term approach to willpower: You could improve your willpower by using it regularly, just as you can strengthen a muscle through exercise. However, just because an idea sounds good doesn’t mean it’s true. Later research failed to find Baumeister’s willpower exhaustion effect. And other research even showed that willpower exhaustion can be reversed if you have a positive belief about what hard work does for you. If you believe using willpower is draining, you’ll experience it as draining, but if you believe it energizes you, you’ll be energized. In other words, what you believe about willpower might be a self-fulfilling prophecy. The trouble is that studying a psychological quality like willpower in the lab is very difficult. Willpower experiments greatly oversimplify the human experience and don’t reflect how willpower is used in the real world. Sample sizes are usually small because of limited funding, and it’s difficult to find diverse subjects. It almost certainly matters how meaningful the willpower-requiring task is to the person doing it, and laboratory experiments generally don’t ask participants to perform meaningful tasks. Furthermore, there are a great many factors that can affect how much willpower an individual has. Willpower levels change from moment to moment and day to day. Someone who has excellent willpower in one. situation might have terrible willpower in another. You might have high self-control one day and low self-control another. So we just don’t know how willpower really works, and we might never know. People may or may not have a limited amount of willpower. Believing you have unlimited willpower might help you work harder than you otherwise would, or it might lead to overconfidence. 29. The mention of Roy Baumeister’s book is intended to show that ________. A. willpower as a limited resource has been widely accepted B. his book is very popular among people in various fields C. willpower is essential in completing back-to-back tasks D. a great many experiments have been done on willpower 30. By “a self-fulfilling prophecy” in Paragraph 3, the author means that ________. A. with enough rest, willpower can recover itself B. with the right attitude, we can take control of our willpower C. we can fulfill our dream as long as we have willpower D. there is a fixed amount of willpower if we think positively 31. What are the challenges facing the willpower research? ①Difficulty in finding diverse subjects. ②Failure to reflect real-world willpower use. ③Participants’ unwillingness to follow instructions. ④Instability in the levels of individual willpower. ⑤Inconsistent definitions of willpower across the studies. A. ①②④ B. ②③⑤ C. ②③④ D. ①④⑤ 32. What is the primary purpose of this article? A. To present scientific insights on willpower. B. To emphasize the critical role of willpower. C. To show the impact of beliefs on willpower. D. To propose strategies to strengthen willpower. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Humanity today is in its adolescence. Most of a teenager’s life is still ahead of them, and their decisions can have lifelong effects. ___33___ An estimated 118 billion people have already lived, but vastly more people, perhaps thousands or even millions of times that number, are yet to be born. Some of the decisions we make this century will impact the entire path of humanity’s future. ___34___ It is the view that positively influencing the long-term future is a key moral priority of our time. It means taking action to benefit not just the present generation, but all generations to come. ___35___ At the moment, only a tiny amount of society’s time and attention is spent trying to promote a positive long-term future: As my colleague points out, the Biological Weapons Convention—the single international body tasked with prohibiting the spread of bioweapons—has an annual budget of less than the average McDonald’s restaurant. ___36___ What’s more, action for the long term pays off in the short term, too. ___37___ Innovation in clean energy not only helps slow climate change, but also reduces the death toll of the 3.6 million people who die every year from fossil fuel-related air pollution. Much the same could be said for other efforts that stand out as longtermist priorities such as promoting democracy and improving our ability to forecast new disasters before they strike. Humans, unlike typical mammals, face an uncertain future: we could survive for millions of years or face extinction soon, Our potential lifespan is vast, so how can we ensure humanity’s survival? A. Given our neglect of future generations, even slightly greater concern for them could make a huge difference. B. As we have seen, preventing the next pandemic stands to save lives in both the present and the future. C. But does advocating for future generations mean neglecting the interests of those alive today? D. I don’t know how much we should spend, but it’s certainly less than we currently do. E. To mature as a species, we need to embrace an ideology called longtermism. F. Contemporary society does not appreciate this fact. G. Similarly, most of humanity’s life lies ahead. 第三部分：书面表达（共三节，36分） 第一节（共4小题；第38、39小题各2分，第40小题3分，第41小题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Typing offers speed and clarity, but a recent Norwegian study reveals that handwriting significantly boosts brain connectivity compared with typing. The research published in Frontiers in Psychology by Norwegian University of Science and Technology aimed to see if handwriting had more benefits than typing. They enlisted 36 students to write in cursive with a digital pen or type the same words on a keyboard for 25 seconds. The students were asked to wear a cap of EEG sensors on their heads to measure their brain waves. The EEG cap’s 256 electrodes attached to the scalp recorded the electrical signals of the students’ brains, including which brain cells were active and how parts of the brain communicate with each other. The experiment found that writing by hand required communication between the brain’s visual sensory, and motor cortices. The candidates who were made to write with the digital pen had to visualize letters, and then use their fine motor skills to control their movement while writing. There was no change when the participants typed. In the end, the study concluded that writing required more brain activity and aided a person’s ability to learn and memorize. The co-author of this study, Audrey Van der Meer, a neuropsychology professor at the university, explained how writing can be more advantageous than typing. She said, “The involvement of fine and intricate hand movements in note-taking, in contrast with pressing keys on a keyboard that all require the same simple finger movement, may be more advantageous for learning.” She added, “The brain is not challenged very much when it’s pressing keys on a keyboard as opposed to when it’s forming those letters by hand.” Audrey also added, “Our findings suggest that visual and movement information obtained through precisely controlled hand movements when using a pen contribute extensively to the brain’s connectivity patterns that promote learning,” as per the official press release. Although the participants used digital pens for handwriting, van der Meer explained that the results are expected to be the same when using a real pen on paper. She said, “We have shown that the differences in brain activity are related to the careful forming of the letters when writing by hand while making more use of the senses.” 38. According to the research, what is the benefit of handwriting compared with typing? ________________________________________________________________ 39. Why is it that handwriting can aid a person’s ability to learn and memorize? ________________________________________________________________ 40. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The visual and movement information obtained through precisely controlled hand movements when using a digital pen contributes to the brain’s connectivity patterns that promote learning, but it does not work when using a real pen on paper. ________________________________________________________________ 41. Apart from the benefits discussed in the article, how can you benefit from writing by hand? (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ 第二节：请将下面的句子翻译成英语。（1.5*6=9分） 42. 智商决定你的聪明程度，而情商则决定你运用自身智力的能力高低。（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 43. 是主动去学，还是被迫去学，都取决于你自己的选择。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 44. 难道你不奇怪为什么风吹的时候那片叶子一点都没动吗？(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 45. 那次撞击非常猛烈，以至于我对从船上坠落的情形没有清晰的记忆了。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 46. 克隆对人类来说是福还是祸取决于人类自身。（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 47. 自从地球上有人类居住，流行病就一直存在。（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 第三节： 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇80词左右的内容概要。（15分） 48. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇80词左右的内容概要。 注意：请对所给短文进行准确、全面的概括，涵盖短文的主要内容和关键信息，语言简洁明了，尽量使用自己的语言。 Literature is a profound and multifaceted aspect of human culture that offers a wealth of benefits to both individuals and society as a whole. One of the most significant advantages of literature is its ability to enhance our empathy and understanding. When we read novels, poems, or plays, we are often introduced to characters from diverse backgrounds, each with their own unique experiences and perspectives. This exposure allows us to step into the shoes of others, fostering a deeper sense of empathy and compassion. For example, a novel about a person from a different culture or socioeconomic background can challenge our preconceived notions and broaden our worldview. Moreover, literature serves as a powerful tool for personal growth and self-reflection. It encourages readers to think critically and analytically. The process of interpreting themes, symbols, and character motivations sharpens our cognitive skills and enhances our ability to understand complex ideas. Reading literature also provides a unique form of mental exercise that can improve memory, concentration, and overall cognitive function. In a world increasingly dominated by fast-paced digital media, literature offers a slower, more immersive experience that allows us to engage deeply with the material. Literature also plays a crucial role in preserving and transmitting cultural heritage. It captures the essence of different societies, historical periods, and traditions, allowing future generations to understand and appreciate their roots. Through literature, we can learn about the values, beliefs, and customs of people from the past, as well as gain insights into contemporary cultures. This preservation of cultural memory helps to maintain a sense of identity and continuity. Furthermore, literature has the power to inspire and motivate. Many great works of literature have sparked social movements, influenced political change, and ignited the imagination of readers. Writers often use their works to address important issues, challenge societal norms, and advocate for justice. In this way, literature can be a catalyst for positive change, encouraging readers to think critically about the world around them and take action to create a better future. Literature is an invaluable part of human experience. Whether we read for pleasure, education, or enlightenment, literature has the power to transform us and deepen our understanding of the world and ourselves. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 人大附中2024~2025学年度第二学期高二年级期中练习 英语 说明：本试卷共8页，满分100分；考试时间90分钟；请在答题卡上填写个人信息，并将条形码贴在答题卡的相应位置上。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）。 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My husband kissed me goodbye, stroked the baby's cheek and then rushed out of the door, into his busy day. With the cold of the morning fading, I fed my baby and it fell fast asleep. ___1___ would place it in bed and quickly have the house somewhat in order. However this morning, I stayed seated; just. thinking, with the baby in my arms. The thoughts ran into memories of the mornings with my husband, a father rushing out of the door to meet the ___2___ of life. It was only a small jump to thoughts of my own father. My mother passed away when I was ten, and as I looked back, I could see how much of a family man my dad was. He went to work every morning and returned to his family every evening. He ___3___ food, clothing, warmth, and protection. He was a faithful father. Setting the baby down, I dialed the ___4___ number. I had just realized ___5___ of the ordinary — the daily life going on around us that we often took for granted, and that it needed to be ___6___. “Hi, Dad.” I said, holding back tears. “Hey, Bud. How are you?” ___7___ was in his voice. “Fine, I’m just calling to say... thank you.” I got it out before my throat ___8___ too much for me to speak. “What for?” “For getting up and going to work every morning of my life. Now that I have my own child and I see my husband doing the same, I just wanted to thank you for being faithful.” There was silence for a moment as my dad ___9___ himself, and with a small tremble in his voice he said, “You’re welcome, Bud.” I don’t remember much of the rest of the call, but that moment of revelation about my father, I will never forget. There are those who are known for their heroic deeds, and also those who are known for their fortunes and fame, but it is the ____10____ everyday fathers who are the true heroes. I’m thankful that my father was one of them. 1. A. Regularly B. Occasionally C. Usually D. Specifically 2. A. pleasures B. adventures C. obligations D. dreams 3. A. bought B. collected C. sought D. provided 4. A. popular B. relative C. hopeful D. familiar 5. A. significance B. difference C. balance D. absence 6. A. recognized B. arranged C. reduced D. achieved 7. A. Sympathy B. Concern C. Doubt D. Stress 8. A. cleared B. hurt C. ached D. tightened 9. A. distracted B. composed C. relaxed D. panicked 10. A. outstanding B. ordinary C. patient D. honest 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者在照顾孩子时，由丈夫出门工作联想到自己的父亲。回忆中，她意识到平凡父亲日常付出的意义，遂打电话致谢，感慨平凡的父亲才是真正的英雄。 【1题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：通常我会把它放在床上，然后迅速把房子整理得有点秩序。A. Regularly定期地；B. Occasionally偶尔地；C. Usually通常；D. Specifically特别地。根据上文“With the cold of the morning fading, I fed my baby and it fell fast asleep.”以及下文“However, this morning, I stayed seated; just thinking, with the baby in my arms.”中的“However”可知，今天早上情况不同，所以此处暗示平时有不同的做法。故选C项。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些思绪让我回忆起和丈夫在一起的早晨，一个匆忙出门去履行生活职责的父亲。A. pleasures快乐；B. adventures冒险；C. obligations义务，职责；D. dreams梦想。根据上文“The thoughts ran into memories of the mornings with my husband, a father rushing out of the door”，描述丈夫匆忙出门的情景，结合生活常识可知，丈夫出门是去履行生活的责任和义务。故选C项。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他提供食物、衣服、温暖和保护。A. bought买；B. collected收集；C. sought寻求；D. provided提供。根据上文“He went to work every morning and returned to his family every evening.”描述的父亲每天的行为，以及下文“He was a faithful father.”对父亲的评价可知，父亲为家庭提供各种生活所需。故选D项。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我放下孩子，拨打了那个熟悉的号码。A. popular受欢迎的；B. relative相对的；C. hopeful有希望的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据空格前后的“I dialed the”和“number”以及下文““Hi, Dad.” I said”，可知作者是给父亲打电话，父亲的号码自然是熟悉的。故选D项。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我刚刚意识到平凡事物的重要性 —— 我们身边的日常生活，我们常常认为这是理所当然的，而它需要被认可。A. significance重要性；B. difference差异；C. balance平衡；D. absence缺席。根据上文对丈夫和父亲日常为家庭付出的回忆描述，以及下文“the daily life going on around us that we often took for granted”可知，作者意识到平时对这些日常行为的忽视，从而得出意识到平凡事物的重要性。故选A项。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我刚刚意识到平凡事物的重要性 —— 我们身边的日常生活，我们常常认为这是理所当然的，而它需要被认可。A. recognized认可；B. arranged安排；C. reduced减少；D. achieved实现。根据上文“the daily life going on around us that we often took for granted”可知，这里说明平时对日常生活的忽视，所以此处说需要“认可”这些。故选A项。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“嘿，孩子。你好吗？”他的声音里充满关切。A. Sympathy同情；B. Concern关心，关切；C. Doubt怀疑；D. Stress压力。根据上文“Hey, Bud. How are you?”父亲的问候，以及生活常识可知，父亲的问候体现出关心。故选B项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我的喉咙太紧说不出话之前，我把话说了出来。A. cleared清除；B. hurt伤害；C. ached疼痛；D. tightened变紧。根据上文“holding back tears”以及下文“too much for me to speak”可知，作者强忍泪水，说不出话，所以此处指喉咙因情绪激动而发紧。故选D项。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：电话那头沉默了一会儿，父亲整理了一下情绪，声音微微颤抖地说：“不客气，孩子。”A. distracted分心；B. composed使镇静，使平静；C. relaxed放松；D. panicked惊慌。根据上文“There was silence for a moment”以及下文“and with a small tremble in his voice he said”可知，父亲沉默是为了平复情绪。故选B项。 【10题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些人以英雄事迹闻名，有些人以财富和名声闻名，但平凡的日常父亲才是真正的英雄。A. outstanding杰出的；B. ordinary普通的，平凡的；C. patient耐心的；D. honest诚实的。根据上文对父亲和丈夫作为平凡父亲为家庭付出的描述，以及上文“but it is the”的转折，和下文“everyday fathers who are the true heroes”可知，此处强调的是平凡的父亲。故选B项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 TCM treatments aim to cure problems by restoring the balance of energies. Herbal medicine and acupuncture are the most popular treatments. There are over 10,000 ingredients ___11___ (use) in Chinese herbal medicine. Different parts of plants and their ___12___ (extract) are the most commonly used ingredients, although some animal and mineral ingredients are also used. Acupuncture is a treatment that stimulates specific points ___13___ the body by inserting extremely thin needles into the skin. It is often used ___14___ (provide) pain relief for conditions like lower back pain, shoulder stiffness, and knee soreness. Other practices include breathing and movement exercises, massage therapy, and diet. 【答案】11. used 12. extracts 13. on##of##in 14. to provide 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中医治疗的方式、草药及针灸等相关内容。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：中草药中使用的成分有一万多种。本句谓语为are，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰ingredients，ingredients与use“使用”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词used。故填used。 【12题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：植物的不同部位及其提取物是最常用的成分，尽管也使用一些动物和矿物成分。本空与parts of plants并列，作主语，用名词extract“提取物”，这里表示多种提取物，应用复数形式extracts。故填extracts。 【13题详解】 考查介词。句意：针灸是一种通过将极细的针插入皮肤来刺激身体特定穴位的治疗方法。“在身体上（的特定穴位）”可以用介词on；“身体的特定穴位”，表示所属关系可以用 of；插入皮肤，也就是在身体内部的穴位，表示“在……里面”，也可以用in。故填on/of/in。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它经常被用来缓解下背痛、肩膀僵硬和膝盖酸痛等症状的疼痛。be used to do sth.为固定用法，意为“被用来做某事”，此处表示针灸被用来缓解疼痛，所以用动词provide“提供”的不定式to provide。故填to provide。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Li Bai, one of China’s greatest poets, wrote poetry during the Tang Dynasty, around a thousand years before Wordsworth. His free, vivid and exaggerated style of poetry is in many ways an early form of the Romantic Movement in 19th century Europe. As with Wordsworth and his contemporaries, Li Bai’s poems were about beautiful natural scenes and the people ___15___ touched his heart. As a boy, Li Bai lived in Sichuan with his family. At the age of 25, he ___16___ (begin) travelling around the country. He made friends with scholars and kept journals. His travels were the basis for ___17___(he) works of more than 2,000 poems, of which approximately 1,800 are still read today. 【答案】15. that 16. began 17. his 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了中国唐代伟大诗人李白的诗歌风格、生平经历及诗歌成就。 【15题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：和华兹华斯及其同时代的人一样，李白的诗歌是关于美丽的自然景色和触动他心灵的人。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为natural scenes和the people，既有人也有物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以此处只能使用关系代词that引导。故填that。 【16题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：25岁时，他开始周游全国。根据时间状语At the age of 25可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，begin的过去式为began。故填began。 【17题详解】 考查代词。句意：他的游历是他2000多首诗作的基础，如今大约1800首仍在被人们诵读。此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词works，he的形容词性物主代词为his。故填his。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The results of studies show that EQ is as important, if not more important than IQ. To get ahead in the world and lead a happy successful life ___18___ (require) getting on well with other people and ___19___ (be) able to understand and react to situations in the best way possible. A high EQ is necessary for this—the higher the better. And the fact that it might be possible to raise EQs means that schools need to make sure that their students are receiving an education they really need, not solely based on IQ ___20___ on developing the entire character. 【答案】18. requires 19. being 20. but 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了情商的重要性及学校应培养学生全方面素质。 【18题详解】 考查主谓一致和时态。句意：要在世界上取得成功并过上幸福成功的生活，需要与他人友好相处，并能够以最好的方式理解和应对各种情况。句子的主语是动词不定式短语“To get ahead in the world and lead a happy successful life”，谓语动词用单数形式，且此处描述的是客观事实，时态应用一般现在时，所以谓语用require“需要”的第三人称单数形式requires。故填requires。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：要在世界上取得成功并过上幸福成功的生活，需要与他人友好相处，并能够以最好的方式理解和应对各种情况。be able to“能够”。require doing sth.“需要做某事”。本空用动名词“being，being able to understand and react to situations in the best way possible”与“getting on well with other people”并列，作requires的宾语。故填being。 【20题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：事实上，提高情商是可能的，这意味着学校需要确保他们的学生接受他们真正需要的教育，不仅仅是基于智商的教育，还要有基于完整品格发展的教育。此处是 not solely / only... but (also可省略)... 结构，意为“不仅仅是……还……”，所以应用but。故填but。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，34分） 第一节（共12小题；每小题2分，共24分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The rain hammered the roof as Mia hunched over her phone, the screen glowing in the dim attic (阁楼). Outside, the storm raged-trees bending, power lines swaying. She’d climbed up here to escape her little brother’s whining, but now a text from Jake lit up her screen: “Found a bag of cash by the creek. Split it with you. No one will know.” Her stomach twisted. The creek was a muddy mess after days of rain, and no one sensible was out there. Who’d lost it? She pictured Jake, soaked and grinning, holding a worn bag. They’d been tight since fifth grade — shared secrets, dumb bets. He’d probably spend his half on that beat-up guitar he’d been eyeing. But the money wasn’t theirs. Someone could be extremely worried, searching. Maybe it was rent, or medicine cash-something vital. She typed, “What if it’s someone’s life savings?” Jake shot back, “Finders keepers, losers weepers. Storm washed it up. Gone otherwise.” Thunder rattled the house, and Mia’s mind raced. Her mom worked double shifts at the diner, always stressed about bills. Half that cash could fix the leaky roof or buy her brother new shoes. She could hear her mom’s voice: “Do what’s right, even when it’s hard,” But Jake’s words gnawed at her — gone otherwise. The storm might bury it deeper, or some stranger could take it. Was keeping it really stealing if no one claimed it? She grabbed her raincoat, heart pounding, and slipped outside. The creek was a roar of brown water, and there was Jake, waving her over. The bag sat between them — wet, heavy, stuffed with crumpled bills. “We’re good, right?” he asked, eyes bright. Mia stared at the cash, then the churning water. She could take it, or she could drag it to the police station a mile away. The rain stung her face as she made up her mind. 21. Why did Mia go to the attic? A. To play with her phone secretly. B. To escape her little brother’s complaints. C. To protect herself from the storm outside. D. To wait for Jake’s message about the money. 22. What dilemma does Mia face in the story? A. Whether to stay safe indoors or explore the storm. B. Whether to keep the found money or try to return it. C. Whether to tell her mom about Jake’s plan. D. Whether to buy a guitar with her own savings. 23. Why does Mia consider keeping the money? A. She wants to impress Jake with her bravery. B. She believes the storm will destroy it anyway. C. Her family struggles financially, and it could help. D She thinks it belongs to someone rich who won’t miss it. 24. Which theme is most clearly explored in this story? A. Trust your own instincts over others’ opinions. B. Difficult choices reveal a person’s true values. C. Friends should stick together no matter what. D. Rules matter less when no one is watching. 【答案】21. B 22. B 23. C 24. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了米娅在阁楼躲避弟弟抱怨时收到杰克的短信，说在溪边发现一袋现金想和她平分，米娅面临着是留下这笔钱还是努力归还的两难抉择，最终她下定决心做出选择的故事。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“She’d climbed up here to escape her little brother’s whining, but now a text from Jake lit up her screen: “Found a bag of cash by the creek. (她爬到这里是为了躲开弟弟的哭闹，可这时杰克发来的一条信息点亮了她的屏幕：“在溪边发现了一袋现金。”)”可知，米娅爬上阁楼是为了逃避弟弟的抱怨，whining在此与complaint意思相近。她上阁楼时还未收到杰克关于钱的消息。因此，注意不要误选D项。故选B项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Jake shot back, “Finders keepers, losers weepers. Storm washed it up. Gone otherwise.” (杰克反驳道：“谁捡到就是谁的，谁丢了就只能哭鼻子。风暴把它冲上岸的。不然早就没了。”)”以及第三段的第二至五句“Her mom worked double shifts at the diner, always stressed about bills. Half that cash could fix the leaky roof or buy her brother new shoes. She could hear her mom’s voice: “Do what’s right, even when it’s hard,” But Jake’s words gnawed at her — gone otherwise. (她妈妈在餐厅连轴转地上班，总是为账单发愁。那笔钱的一半就能修好漏雨的屋顶，或者给她弟弟买双新鞋。她能听到妈妈的声音：“做正确的事，哪怕很难。”但杰克的话却让她心烦意乱 —— 不然钱就没了。)”可知，杰克想留下钱，米娅一方面考虑到家里经济困难这笔钱能帮到家里，另一方面又觉得应该做正确的事把钱还回去，所以她面临的困境是是否留下找到的钱还是努力归还它。故选B项。 23题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句“Her mom worked double shifts at the diner, always stressed about bills. Half that cash could fix the leaky roof or buy her brother new shoes. (她妈妈在餐厅连轴转地上班，总是为账单发愁。那些钱的一半就能修好漏雨的屋顶，或者给她弟弟买双新鞋。)”可知，米娅考虑留下这笔钱是因为她的家庭经济困难，这笔钱可以用来修理漏水的屋顶或给弟弟买新鞋，即这笔钱可以帮助她的家庭。故选C项。 【24题详解】 主旨大意题。纵览全文可知，文章讲述了米娅在面对意外之财时内心的挣扎，她在家庭经济需要这笔钱和道德上应该归还这笔钱之间进行抉择，最终做出决定，这个艰难的选择揭示了她的真实价值观。故选B项。 B At first the question was how quickly people would get back to the office. Then it was whether they would ever return. The last three years has witnessed a major change in white-collar working patterns. The office is not dead but many professionals have settled into a hybrid (混合) arrangement of some office days and some remote days. Hybrid working has much to recommend: flexibility for employees, periods of concentration at home, bursts of cooperation in the office. A new paper from Harvard Business School describes an experiment in which workers at BRAC, a non-profit organization in Britain, were randomly assigned to three groups, each spending different amounts of time working from home. The intermediate group, who spent between 23% and 40% of their time in the office, performed best on various performance measures. But a shit on this large scale is bound to raise tricky issues. In workplaces that have moved to hybrid work, there are still plenty of open questions. One is how to handle the impact of less time in the office for new joiners and younger workers. Research by Emma Harrington of the University of Iowa shows that software engineers receive more feedback on their code when the team sits next to each other in the office, especially new engineers. According to Nicholas Bloom of Stanford University, making new employees spend more time in the office can be a good way of integrating them into company culture and improving their competence. And these younger employees were most likely to quit when everyone was forced to go remote. A second question concerns how strictly to enforce attendance on days when teams are meant to be in the office. An agreement holds that there should be agreed “anchor days” on which all the people come to work in the office; since the idea is to spend time together, as many people as possible should be there. But one person on the team might have moved somewhere else; someone else might have asked to stay home to let the repairer in. In practice, therefore, hybrid working still often means a mixture of people on screen and people in the office. Other questions exist. How to define performance measures so managers do not spend time worrying about lazy workers at home? Would company-wide anchor days be more effective, or would team-level ones be preferable? The era of hybrid working is only just beginning, so it will take time for answers to emerge. But if there is a message from this first full year of hybrid working, it is that flexibility does not mean a free-for-all. 25. What benefits can newcomers gain from in-office work? A. Better work-life balance. B. Increased flexibility in work hours. C. Enhanced focus and fewer distractions. D. More chances for feedback and skill growth. 26. What makes it difficult to enforce attendance on anchor days? A. Young workers prefer working on screen. B. Engineers object to the idea of anchor days. C. Office workers can’t take a day off as expected. D. Employees have various private matters to address. 27. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with? A. It is necessary to grant employees full autonomous rights. B. Employers should go with the flow because new questions will emerge. C. Allowing flexibility in work arrangements does not mean having no rules. D. It is no easy job to arrange either company-wide or team-level anchor days. 28. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Hybrid working is outdated after workers’ return. B. A shift of working patterns calls for hybrid working. C. Some open questions exist regarding hybrid working. D. Fixed restrictions should be applied to hybrid working. 【答案】25. D 26. D 27. C 28. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了混合办公模式 —— 这种模式既有员工工作灵活、居家专注办公和办公室协作高效等优点，但也存在诸如，如何解决新员工和年轻员工在办公室时间减少带来的影响，怎样严格执行团队固定出勤日等问题。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段第四、五句“Research by Emma Harrington of the University of Iowa shows that software engineers receive more feedback on their code when the team sits next to each other in the office, especially new engineers. According to Nicholas Bloom of Stanford University, making new employees spend more time in the office can be a good way of integrating them into company culture and improving their competence. (爱荷华大学的艾玛・哈灵顿的研究表明，当团队成员在办公室相邻而坐时，软件工程师，尤其是新工程师，会得到更多关于他们代码的反馈。斯坦福大学的尼古拉斯・布鲁姆认为，让新员工在办公室多待些时间是将他们融入公司文化和提高他们能力的好方法。)”可知，新员工从办公室工作中可以获得更多反馈和技能成长的机会。故选D项。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段后两句“But one person on the team might have moved somewhere else; someone else might have asked to stay home to let the repairer in. In practice, therefore, hybrid working still often means a mixture of people on screen and people in the office. (但团队中的某个人可能搬到了其他地方；其他人可能要求留在家中，以便让维修人员进门。因此，在实际操作中，混合办公往往仍意味着一部分人出现在屏幕上，一部分人在办公室里。)”可知，员工有各种私人事务要处理使得在固定出勤日很难严格执行出勤。故选D项。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“But if there is a message from this first full year of hybrid working, it is that flexibility does not mean a free-for-all. (但如果说混合办公元年传递出了什么信息，那就是灵活性并不意味着无拘无束。)”可推知，作者最可能同意的是在工作安排上允许灵活性并不意味着没有规则。故选C项。 【28题详解】 主旨大意题。纵览全文可知，文章开篇介绍了混合办公模式的出现，接着阐述了混合办公有很多值得推荐的地方，然后重点指出在这种大规模的工作模式转变下必然会出现棘手的问题，如对新员工和年轻员工的影响、固定出勤日的执行等，最后强调混合办公的时代才刚刚开始，还需要时间来找到这些问题的答案。所以文章主要讲的是关于混合办公存在一些有待解决的问题。故选C项。 C For a long time, psychologists agreed with the findings of Roy Baumeister, whose research showed that willpower was a limited resource that could easily be exhausted through use: His book, Willpower: Rediscovering the Greatest Human Strength, has long been seen as the typical handbook on this subject. Plus, hundreds of experiments showed that when people had to complete two back-to-back tasks which both required willpower, they would demonstrate less willpower on the second task. From this research, willpower came to be understood as a “brain muscle” that would grow more tired the longer you used it. With adequate rest and recovery, the muscle’s energy would be restored, and willpower levels would return to normal. This made sense and even opened the door for an optimistic long-term approach to willpower: You could improve your willpower by using it regularly, just as you can strengthen a muscle through exercise. However, just because an idea sounds good doesn’t mean it’s true. Later research failed to find Baumeister’s willpower exhaustion effect. And other research even showed that willpower exhaustion can be reversed if you have a positive belief about what hard work does for you. If you believe using willpower is draining, you’ll experience it as draining, but if you believe it energizes you, you’ll be energized. In other words, what you believe about willpower might be a self-fulfilling prophecy. The trouble is that studying a psychological quality like willpower in the lab is very difficult. Willpower experiments greatly oversimplify the human experience and don’t reflect how willpower is used in the real world. Sample sizes are usually small because of limited funding, and it’s difficult to find diverse subjects. It almost certainly matters how meaningful the willpower-requiring task is to the person doing it, and laboratory experiments generally don’t ask participants to perform meaningful tasks. Furthermore, there are a great many factors that can affect how much willpower an individual has. Willpower levels change from moment to moment and day to day. Someone who has excellent willpower in one. situation might have terrible willpower in another. You might have high self-control one day and low self-control another. So we just don’t know how willpower really works, and we might never know. People may or may not have a limited amount of willpower. Believing you have unlimited willpower might help you work harder than you otherwise would, or it might lead to overconfidence. 29. The mention of Roy Baumeister’s book is intended to show that ________. A. willpower as a limited resource has been widely accepted B. his book is very popular among people in various fields C. willpower is essential in completing back-to-back tasks D. a great many experiments have been done on willpower 30. By “a self-fulfilling prophecy” in Paragraph 3, the author means that ________. A. with enough rest, willpower can recover itself B. with the right attitude, we can take control of our willpower C. we can fulfill our dream as long as we have willpower D. there is a fixed amount of willpower if we think positively 31. What are the challenges facing the willpower research? ①Difficulty in finding diverse subjects. ②Failure to reflect real-world willpower use. ③Participants’ unwillingness to follow instructions. ④Instability in the levels of individual willpower. ⑤Inconsistent definitions of willpower across the studies. A. ①②④ B. ②③⑤ C. ②③④ D. ①④⑤ 32. What is the primary purpose of this article? A. To present scientific insights on willpower. B. To emphasize the critical role of willpower. C. To show the impact of beliefs on willpower. D. To propose strategies to strengthen willpower. 【答案】29. A 30. B 31. A 32. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于意志力的研究与认识，长期以来，人们认为意志力是一种有限资源，但后来的研究对此提出了质疑，同时指出研究意志力面临诸多挑战，目前我们并不清楚意志力到底是如何运作的。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“For a long time, psychologists agreed with the findings of Roy Baumeister, whose research showed that willpower was a limited resource that could easily be exhausted through use. His book, Willpower: Rediscovering the Greatest Human Strength, has long been seen as the typical handbook on this subject.(很长一段时间以来，心理学家们都认同罗伊・鲍迈斯特的研究结果，他的研究表明意志力是一种有限的资源，很容易在使用中耗尽。他的书《意志力：重新发现人类最伟大的力量》长期以来一直被视为这一主题的经典手册)”可知，提到罗伊・鲍迈斯特的书是为了表明意志力是一种有限资源这一观点已被广泛接受。故选 A。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“If you believe using willpower is draining, you’ll experience it as draining, but if you believe it energizes you, you’ll be energized. In other words, what you believe about willpower might be a self-fulfilling prophecy.(如果你相信使用意志力会让你筋疲力尽，你就会有筋疲力尽的感觉，但如果你相信它能让你充满活力，你就会充满活力。换句话说，你对意志力的信念可能是一种自我实现的预言)”可知，作者在第三段中说的“自我实现的预言”是指“有正确的态度，我们可以控制我们的意志力”。故选B。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Willpower experiments greatly oversimplify the human experience and don’t reflect how willpower is used in the real world. Sample sizes are usually small because of limited funding, and it’s difficult to find diverse subjects.(意志力实验极大地简化了人类的经验，没有反映出意志力在现实世界中是如何被使用的。由于资金有限，样本量通常很小，而且很难找到多样化的研究对象)”以及第五段“Willpower levels change from moment to moment and day to day.(意志力水平时时刻刻都在变化)”可知，意志力研究面临的挑战有：难以找到多样化的研究对象、无法反映现实世界中意志力的使用情况以及个人意志力水平的不稳定。选项A中①②④符合文意。故选A。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章先是介绍了传统观点认为意志力是有限资源，接着又介绍了后来的研究对这一观点的质疑，以及研究意志力所面临的挑战，整体是在呈现关于意志力的科学见解。由此推知，文章的目的是呈现关于意志力的科学见解。故选A。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Humanity today is in its adolescence. Most of a teenager’s life is still ahead of them, and their decisions can have lifelong effects. ___33___ An estimated 118 billion people have already lived, but vastly more people, perhaps thousands or even millions of times that number, are yet to be born. Some of the decisions we make this century will impact the entire path of humanity’s future. ___34___ It is the view that positively influencing the long-term future is a key moral priority of our time. It means taking action to benefit not just the present generation, but all generations to come. ___35___ At the moment, only a tiny amount of society’s time and attention is spent trying to promote a positive long-term future: As my colleague points out, the Biological Weapons Convention—the single international body tasked with prohibiting the spread of bioweapons—has an annual budget of less than the average McDonald’s restaurant. ___36___ What’s more, action for the long term pays off in the short term, too. ___37___ Innovation in clean energy not only helps slow climate change, but also reduces the death toll of the 3.6 million people who die every year from fossil fuel-related air pollution. Much the same could be said for other efforts that stand out as longtermist priorities such as promoting democracy and improving our ability to forecast new disasters before they strike. Humans, unlike typical mammals, face an uncertain future: we could survive for millions of years or face extinction soon, Our potential lifespan is vast, so how can we ensure humanity’s survival? A. Given our neglect of future generations, even slightly greater concern for them could make a huge difference. B. As we have seen, preventing the next pandemic stands to save lives in both the present and the future. C. But does advocating for future generations mean neglecting the interests of those alive today? D. I don’t know how much we should spend, but it’s certainly less than we currently do. E. To mature as a species, we need to embrace an ideology called longtermism. F. Contemporary society does not appreciate this fact. G. Similarly, most of humanity’s life lies ahead. 【答案】33. G 34. E 35. F 36. A 37. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是人类目前处于发展的 “青春期”，当下决策影响深远，应秉持长期主义，还阐述了关注长期未来的意义及现状。 【33题详解】 根据上文“Humanity today is in its adolescence. Most of a teenager’s life is still ahead of them, and their decisions can have lifelong effects.(如今的人类正处于青春期。青少年的大部分人生还在前方，他们的决定可能会产生终身影响。)”将人类比作青少年，说明大部分人生还在前方，结合下文“An estimated 118 billion people have already lived, but vastly more people, perhaps thousands or even millions of times that number, are yet to be born.(据估计，已经有 1180 亿人在世上生活过，但还有更多的人，也许是这个数字的数千甚至数百万倍，尚未出生。)”可知，人类未来还有很长的发展道路，G选项“Similarly, most of humanity’s life lies ahead.(同样，人类的大部分生命还在前方。)”承接上文，进一步说明人类未来发展前景广阔，符合语境。故选G项。 【34题详解】 根据上文“Some of the decisions we make this century will impact the entire path of humanity’s future. (我们在本世纪做出的一些决定将影响人类未来的整个进程。)”说明当下决策对人类未来的重要性，结合下文“It is the view that positively influencing the long-term future is a key moral priority of our time. It means taking action to benefit not just the present generation, but all generations to come. (积极影响长远未来是我们这个时代的一个关键道德优先事项。这意味着采取行动不仅要造福当代，还要造福子孙后代。)”可知，这里强调要重视长远未来，E 选项“To mature as a species, we need to embrace an ideology called longtermism. (作为一个物种要成熟起来，我们需要接受一种叫做长期主义的意识形态。)”提出了“长期主义”的概念，下文中的it指代的为“longtermism”，承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。 【35题详解】 根据下文“At the moment, only a tiny amount of society’s time and attention is spent trying to promote a positive long-term future: As my colleague points out, the Biological Weapons Convention — the single international body tasked with prohibiting the spread of bioweapons — has an annual budget of less than the average McDonald’s restaurant. (目前，社会只花了很少的时间和精力来促进积极的长远未来：正如我的同事指出的那样，《生物武器公约》—— 唯一负责禁止生物武器扩散的国际机构 —— 的年度预算还不到一家普通麦当劳餐厅的预算。)”可知，此段讲述了目前社会对促进积极长远未来投入很少的现状，F选项“Contemporary society does not appreciate this fact. (当代社会没有意识到这一事实。)”说明当代社会没有充分认识到当下决策对未来的重要性，与上文形成对比，引出下文关于社会对长远未来投入少的描述，符合语境。故选F项。 【36题详解】 根据上文“At the moment, only a tiny amount of society’s time and attention is spent trying to promote a positive long-term future: As my colleague points out, the Biological Weapons Convention—the single international body tasked with prohibiting the spread of bioweapons—has an annual budget of less than the average McDonald’s restaurant.(目前，社会只花了很少的时间和精力来促进积极的长远未来：正如我的同事指出的那样，《生物武器公约》—— 唯一负责禁止生物武器扩散的国际机构 —— 的年度预算还不到一家普通麦当劳餐厅的预算。)”可知，社会对促进长远未来投入很少，结合空格所处的位置在段尾可知，此空讲述的内容是对本段内容的总结或者进一步阐述上文的内容，A选项“Given our neglect of future generations, even slightly greater concern for them could make a huge difference.(鉴于我们对子孙后代的忽视，即使对他们稍加关心也可能会产生巨大的影响。)”承接上文，说明因为对未来世代的忽视，所以稍微增加对他们的关注就能带来很大改变，符合语境。故选A项。 【37题详解】 根据上文“What’s more, action for the long term pays off in the short term, too.(此外，为长远目标采取的行动在短期内也会有回报。)”可知，此段讲述为长远目标行动在短期内也有好处，结合下文“Innovation in clean energy not only helps slow climate change, but also reduces the death toll of the 3.6 million people who die every year from fossil fuel-related air pollution.(清洁能源的创新不仅有助于减缓气候变化，还能减少每年因化石燃料相关空气污染而死亡的 360 万人的死亡人数。)”举例说明了清洁能源创新的好处，B选项“As we have seen, preventing the next pandemic stands to save lives in both the present and the future.(正如我们所看到的，预防下一次大流行病有望在当下和未来拯救生命。)”也是为长远目标采取行动在短期内有回报的例子，承接上文，且与下文的内容一致，符合语境。故选B项。 第三部分：书面表达（共三节，36分） 第一节（共4小题；第38、39小题各2分，第40小题3分，第41小题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Typing offers speed and clarity, but a recent Norwegian study reveals that handwriting significantly boosts brain connectivity compared with typing. The research published in Frontiers in Psychology by Norwegian University of Science and Technology aimed to see if handwriting had more benefits than typing. They enlisted 36 students to write in cursive with a digital pen or type the same words on a keyboard for 25 seconds. The students were asked to wear a cap of EEG sensors on their heads to measure their brain waves. The EEG cap’s 256 electrodes attached to the scalp recorded the electrical signals of the students’ brains, including which brain cells were active and how parts of the brain communicate with each other. The experiment found that writing by hand required communication between the brain’s visual, sensory, and motor cortices. The candidates who were made to write with the digital pen had to visualize letters, and then use their fine motor skills to control their movement while writing. There was no change when the participants typed. In the end, the study concluded that writing required more brain activity and aided a person’s ability to learn and memorize. The co-author of this study, Audrey Van der Meer, a neuropsychology professor at the university, explained how writing can be more advantageous than typing. She said, “The involvement of fine and intricate hand movements in note-taking, in contrast with pressing keys on a keyboard that all require the same simple finger movement, may be more advantageous for learning.” She added, “The brain is not challenged very much when it’s pressing keys on a keyboard as opposed to when it’s forming those letters by hand.” Audrey also added, “Our findings suggest that visual and movement information obtained through precisely controlled hand movements when using a pen contribute extensively to the brain’s connectivity patterns that promote learning,” as per the official press release. Although the participants used digital pens for handwriting, van der Meer explained that the results are expected to be the same when using a real pen on paper. She said, “We have shown that the differences in brain activity are related to the careful forming of the letters when writing by hand while making more use of the senses.” 38. According to the research, what is the benefit of handwriting compared with typing? ________________________________________________________________ 39. Why is it that handwriting can aid a person’s ability to learn and memorize? ________________________________________________________________ 40. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The visual and movement information obtained through precisely controlled hand movements when using a digital pen contributes to the brain’s connectivity patterns that promote learning, but it does not work when using a real pen on paper. ________________________________________________________________ 41. Apart from the benefits discussed in the article, how can you benefit from writing by hand? (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】38. Handwriting significantly boosts brain connectivity. 39. It requires communication between the brain’s visual, sensory, and motor cortices, involving more brain activity. 40. The visual and movement information obtained through precisely controlled hand movements when using a digital pen contributes to the brain’s connectivity patterns that promote learning, but it does not work when using a real pen on paper. The study states that results are expected to be the same with a real pen. 41. Handwriting can enhance creativity by allowing free expression, reduce screen-related distractions, improve focus, and help organize thoughts spatially. Additionally, it may foster mindfulness and serve as a personal, tactile experience that digital tools lack. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究表明，与打字相比，手写能显著提高大脑的连通性。解释了研究开展的过程以及发现。 【38题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“Typing offers speed and clarity, but a recent Norwegian study reveals that handwriting significantly boosts brain connectivity compared with typing.(打字能带来速度和清晰度，但挪威最近的一项研究表明，与打字相比，手写能显著提高大脑的连通性)”可知，与打字相比，手写可以显著增强大脑的连通性。故答案为Handwriting significantly boosts brain connectivity. 【39题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段“The experiment found that writing by hand required communication between the brain’s visual, sensory, and motor cortices.(实验发现，用手写字需要大脑的视觉、感觉和运动皮层之间的交流)”可知，书写可以帮助人们学习和记忆因为它需要大脑的视觉、感觉和运动皮层之间的交流，涉及更多的大脑活动。故答案为It requires communication between the brain’s visual, sensory, and motor cortices, involving more brain activity. 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Although the participants used digital pens for handwriting, van der Meer explained that the results are expected to be the same when using a real pen on paper.(虽然参与者使用电子笔书写，但范德米尔解释说，使用真笔在纸上书写的结果预计是一样的)”可知，错误部分为“but it does not work when using a real pen on paper”，研究表明，使用真笔的结果是一样的。故答案为The visual and movement information obtained through precisely controlled hand movements when using a digital pen contributes to the brain’s connectivity patterns that promote learning, but it does not work when using a real pen on paper. The study states that results are expected to be the same with a real pen. 【41题详解】 考查开放题。根据“除了文章中讨论的好处之外，你还能从手写中得到什么好处呢？”可回答：手写可以通过允许自由表达来增强创造力，减少与屏幕相关的干扰，提高注意力，并帮助组织空间思维。此外，它可以培养专注力，并提供数字工具所缺乏的个人触觉体验。故答案为Handwriting can enhance creativity by allowing free expression, reduce screen-related distractions, improve focus, and help organize thoughts spatially. Additionally, it may foster mindfulness and serve as a personal, tactile experience that digital tools lack. 第二节：请将下面的句子翻译成英语。（1.5*6=9分） 42. 智商决定你的聪明程度，而情商则决定你运用自身智力的能力高低。（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Your IQ determines how intelligent you are, while your EQ determines how well you can use your intelligence. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、宾语从句。表示“你的智商”用your IQ，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写。表示“决定”用determine，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Your IQ为第三人称单数，谓语也用第三人称单数determines；表示“你的聪明程度”用宾语从句how intelligent you are。表示“你的情商”用your EQ，作主语；谓语用determines；表示“运用自身智力的能力高低”用宾语从句how well you can use your intelligence。两个句子为对比关系，用while连接。故翻译为Your IQ determines how intelligent you are, while your EQ determines how well you can use your intelligence. 43. 是主动去学，还是被迫去学，都取决于你自己的选择。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Whether to learn actively or to be forced to learn depends on your own choice. 【解析】 【详解】考查“特殊疑问词+不定式”、动词时态和固定短语。表示“是主动去学，还是被迫去学”用“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写。表示“主动去学”用learn actively。表示“被迫去学”用be forced to learn。表示“是主动去学，还是被迫去学”用Whether to learn actively or to be forced to learn，作主语。表示“取决于”用depend on，本句描述一般事实，句子时态用一般现在时，谓语用第三人称单数depends on。表示“你自己的选择”用your own choice，作宾语。故翻译为Whether to learn actively or to be forced to learn depends on your own choice. 44. 难道你不奇怪为什么风吹的时候那片叶子一点都没动吗？(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Aren’t you curious about why that leaf didn’t move at all when the wind was blowing? 【解析】 【详解】考查一般疑问句、时态、宾语从句和时间状语从句。表示“你”用you，作主语。表示“对……好奇”用be，本句描述现在的状态，时态为一般现在时，主语为you，be动词用are，句子为一般疑问句，将be动词are放在主语之前，表示“难道不……”应该使用否定形式的一般疑问句，可译为aren't you curious about....；表示“为什么那片叶子一点都没动”用why引导的宾语从句。从句中：表示“那片叶子”用that leaf，作主语；表示“动”用move，从句描述过去的动作，时态用一般过去时，表示“一点都没动”didn’t move at all。表示“风吹的时候”用when引导的时间状语从句，从句中：表示“风”用the wind，作主语；表示“吹”用blow，表示过去正在进行的动作，时态用过去进行时，谓语用was blowing。故翻译为Aren’t you curious about why that leaf didn’t move at all when the wind was blowing? 45. 那次撞击非常猛烈，以至于我对从船上坠落的情形没有清晰的记忆了。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The impact was so violent that I had no clear memory of falling off the boat. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和从句。句子在陈述过去的状态和动作，用一般过去时，且本句为so...that...引导的结果状语从句。“撞击”为“impact”；“猛烈”为“violent”；“没有清晰的记忆”为“have no clear memory of”；“从船上坠落”为“fall off the boat.”。故翻译为：The impact was so violent that I had no clear memory of falling off the boat. 46. 克隆对人类来说是福还是祸取决于人类自身。（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Whether cloning is a blessing or a curse for humanity depends on humanity itself. 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句、名词和动词短语。根据句意，该句描述的是客观事实，全句使用一般现在时。表示“克隆对人类来说是福还是祸”，这里是句子的主语部分，可以使用主语从句来表达。“是否”用whether…or…来引导主语从句，位于句首单词首字母需大写，“克隆”为名词cloning作从句的主语；“是”为be动词，因为主语cloning不可数，谓语动词用单数；“福”是名词blessing，“祸” 是名词 curse，“是福还是祸”表达为 a blessing or a curse；“对人类来说”为介词短语 for humanity 作状语，所以主语从句为 Whether cloning is a blessing or a curse for humanity；表示“取决于”为动词短语depend on，在句子中作谓语，由于主语从句作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，所以这里是depends on；表示“人类自身”为名词短语humanity itself 作宾语。故翻译为Whether cloning is a blessing or a curse for humanity depends on humanity itself. 47. 自从地球上有人类居住，流行病就一直存在。（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Epidemics have been in existence ever since human beings settled on the earth. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态和时间状语从句。根据“自从……就一直” 可知，主句要用现在完成时，表示从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态；表示“流行病”用名词复数 epidemics作主语，表示“一直存在”用have been in existence来表达，所以主句可译为 epidemics have been in existence；表示“自从”用ever since引导时间状语从句，从句通常用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作，表示“人类”是human beings作从句的主语，表示“居住”用动词settle，这里用过去式settled作谓语，表示“在地球上”是on the earth作地点状语，所以从句可译为ever since human baeings settled on the earth，位于句首单词首字母需大写。故翻译为Epidemics have been in existence ever since human beings settled on the earth. 第三节： 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇80词左右的内容概要。（15分） 48. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇80词左右的内容概要。 注意：请对所给短文进行准确、全面的概括，涵盖短文的主要内容和关键信息，语言简洁明了，尽量使用自己的语言。 Literature is a profound and multifaceted aspect of human culture that offers a wealth of benefits to both individuals and society as a whole. One of the most significant advantages of literature is its ability to enhance our empathy and understanding. When we read novels, poems, or plays, we are often introduced to characters from diverse backgrounds, each with their own unique experiences and perspectives. This exposure allows us to step into the shoes of others, fostering a deeper sense of empathy and compassion. For example, a novel about a person from a different culture or socioeconomic background can challenge our preconceived notions and broaden our worldview. Moreover, literature serves as a powerful tool for personal growth and self-reflection. It encourages readers to think critically and analytically. The process of interpreting themes, symbols, and character motivations sharpens our cognitive skills and enhances our ability to understand complex ideas. Reading literature also provides a unique form of mental exercise that can improve memory, concentration, and overall cognitive function. In a world increasingly dominated by fast-paced digital media, literature offers a slower, more immersive experience that allows us to engage deeply with the material. Literature also plays a crucial role in preserving and transmitting cultural heritage. It captures the essence of different societies, historical periods, and traditions, allowing future generations to understand and appreciate their roots. Through literature, we can learn about the values, beliefs, and customs of people from the past, as well as gain insights into contemporary cultures. This preservation of cultural memory helps to maintain a sense of identity and continuity. Furthermore, literature has the power to inspire and motivate. Many great works of literature have sparked social movements, influenced political change, and ignited the imagination of readers. Writers often use their works to address important issues, challenge societal norms, and advocate for justice. In this way, literature can be a catalyst for positive change, encouraging readers to think critically about the world around them and take action to create a better future. Literature is an invaluable part of human experience. Whether we read for pleasure, education, or enlightenment, literature has the power to transform us and deepen our understanding of the world and ourselves. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Literature plays a vital role in human culture by offering multiple benefits to individuals and society. It enhances empathy by exposing readers to diverse perspectives and experiences, helping them understand others better. It also promotes personal growth through critical thinking and cognitive development. Additionally, literature preserves cultural heritage, connecting people with their history and identity. Moreover, it can inspire social change by challenging norms and encouraging reflection. Overall, literature enriches our lives and deepens our understanding of the world. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了文学是人类文化中意义深远且多面的存在，对个人和社会都有诸多益处，包括增强同理心、促进个人成长、传承文化遗产以及激发社会变革等方面，强调了文学对人类生活的重要性和价值。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Literature is a profound and multifaceted aspect of human culture that offers a wealth of benefits to both individuals and society as a whole. ②One of the most significant advantages of literature is its ability to enhance our empathy and understanding. Exposure to diverse characters helps us step into others' shoes and foster empathy. ③Literature serves as a powerful tool for personal growth and self - reflection. It encourages critical thinking, sharpens cognitive skills, and improves overall cognitive function. ④Literature plays a crucial role in preserving and transmitting cultural heritage, allowing future generations to understand and appreciate their roots. ⑤Literature has the power to inspire and motivate. It can spark social movements, influence political change, and encourage readers to take action for a better future. ⑥Literature is an invaluable part of human experience, which has the power to transform us and deepen our understanding of the world and ourselves. 2. 缜密构思 将第①点作为总起句，点明文学对个人和社会有益；将第②点、③点、④点和⑤点介绍文学的作用；将第⑥点作为总结句，强调文学的价值。 3. 遣词造句 Literature plays a vital role in human culture by offering multiple benefits to individuals and society. It enhances empathy by exposing readers to diverse perspectives and experiences, helping them understand others better. It also promotes personal growth through critical thinking and cognitive development. Additionally, literature preserves cultural heritage, connecting people with their history and identity. Moreover, it can inspire social change by challenging norms and encouraging reflection. Overall, literature enriches our lives and deepens our understanding of the world. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Literature plays a vital role in human culture by offering multiple benefits to individuals and society.（使用动名词短语作宾语） 【高分句型2】It enhances empathy by exposing readers to diverse perspectives and experiences, helping them understand others better. （使用现分词短语作结果状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$