精品解析：天津市第一中学2024-2025学年高二下学期4月期中考试英语试题

天津一中2024—2025—2高二年级英语学科 期中质量调查试卷 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)、第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，共100分，考试用时90分钟。第Ⅰ卷1至5页，第Ⅱ卷第6页。考生务必将答案涂写规定的位置上，答在试卷上的无效。祝各位考生考试顺利! 一、听力：第一节(共5小题;每小题0.5分，满分2.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What will the speakers do next? A．Visit a friend. B．Pick up Billy. C．Buy some beans. 2．Who is Andy Clarks? A．A public librarian. B．A TV actor. C．A famous lawyer. 3．What are the speakers talking about? A．Gifts for Jason. B．A baseball game. C．The woman’s retirement. 4．What went on at Cooper’s last night? A．A movie show. B．A birthday party. C．A sales promotion. 5．What problem do the speakers have? A．They are late for work. B．They get stuck in traffic. C．They have lost their way. 第二节(共15小题;每小题0.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．Where are the speakers? A．At home. B．At the office. C．At the airport. 7．How does Sara Sound? A．Anxious. B．Surprised. C．Grateful. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8．What made Miss Johnson choose teaching as a profession? A．Pressure from her family. B．Her passion for the work. C．A teacher’s encouragement. 9．What does Miss Johnson think is the best part of her job? A．Being with children. B．Winning others’ respect. C．Learning different things. 10．What does Miss Johnson want her students to become? A．Lifelong learners. B．Creative thinkers. C．Good communicators. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11．What does Becky like about living with her parents? A．They have a big house. B．They cook meals for her. C．They pay all her expenses 12．What does Ethan suggest Becky do regarding her mother? A．Have patience. B．Provide company. C．Express gratitude. 13．Why is Ethan concerned about his parents living on their own? A．They may feel lonely. B．They may fail to get along. C．They may have an emergency. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14．Whose speech did the woman listen to this morning? A．John Miller’s. B．David Thompson’s. C．Allan Brown’s. 15．What is the workshop in the afternoon about? A．Knowledge economy. B．Risk assessment. C．Employee motivation. 16．What does the woman say about her job? A．It can be challenging. B．It is truly interesting. C．It will be rewarding. 17．What do the man and the woman both want to do? A．Apply for a new position. B．Offer their staff a salary raise. C．Improve their management skills. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18．What does the speaker probably do? A．She’s a medical doctor. B．She’s a fitness instructor. C．She’s a swimming coach. 19．What is a common workout mistake? A Focusing only on building muscles. B．Taking too many types of exercises. C．Doing the same routine all the time. 20．How often does the speaker suggest people do hard workouts? A．Once a week. B．Twice a week. C．Three times a week. 二、单项选择(每小题1分，共15小题，满分15分) 1. If you suffer from burnout at work, consider ______ your schedule and reducing non-essential commitments. A. reassess B. being reassessed C. reassessing D. to reassess 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你在工作中感到倦怠，可以考虑重新评估你的日程安排并减少非必要的任务。“consider doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“考虑做某事”，用动名词作宾语，且reassess(评估)与其逻辑主语you之间是主动关系，用动名词主动式reassessing作宾语。故选C项。 2. —You’re up early on a Sunday! What’s the plan? —______ just enjoying a slow morning with some coffee and my book. A. Nothing special. B. It depends. C. Up to you. D. So long. 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你星期天起得真早！计划是什么？——没什么特别。喝杯咖啡，看书，享受一个悠闲的早晨。A. Nothing special.没什么特指；B. It depends.看情况；C. Up to you.由你做主；D. So long.再见。根据后文“just enjoying a slow morning with some coffee and my book”可知没什么特别的计划。故选A。 3. After a long day of endless meetings and deadlines, ______ she longed for was a quiet mind and a moment of peace. A. that B. what C. whether D. how 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：在漫长的一天没完没了的会议和最后期限之后，她所渴望的是内心的宁静和片刻的安宁。此空引导主语从句，从句she longed for中缺宾语，结合表语“a quiet mind and a moment of peace”可知应用连接代词what，指代物。故选B项。 4. A few destinations, as well as new policies ______ increased interest since the new governor took office. A. has experienced B. was experiencing C. have experienced D. experienced 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自新州长上任以来，一些旅游目的地和新政策受到了越来越多的关注。since引导的时间状语从句表示从过去某个时间点到现在，常与现在完成时连用。当“A as well as B”结构作主语时，谓语动词的形式应与A保持一致，即遵循“就远原则”，即与“A few destinations”保持一致，“A few destinations”是复数形式，助动词用have。故选C。 5. This experience has taught me how strong I can be in situations ______ cause me fear or discomfort. A. where B. that C. whose D. what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这段经历教会了我，在让我恐惧或不舒服的情况下，我可以有多坚强。定语从句修饰先行词situations，在从句作主语，指物，故用that或which。故选B。 6. Food and drinks brought into the venue are strictly prohibited, ______ otherwise permitted in writing by the event coordinator. A. therefore B. once C. nonetheless D. unless 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查副词和连词词义辨析。句意：除非活动协调人另有书面许可，否则严禁携带食物及饮料进入会场。A. therefore因此；B. once一旦；C. nonetheless然而；D. unless除非。引导条件状语从句，表示“除非”用unless。故选D。 7. The professor made his expectations clearly ______ in the course plan handed out on the first day. A. to be stated B. stated C. stating D. state 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：教授在第一天分发的课程计划中清楚地说明了他的期望。此处state与expectations构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故选B。 8. In light of recent American foreign policy decisions, many U. S. travelers are concerned about how they will be ________ abroad. A. exclaimed B. polished C. attained D. perceived 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：鉴于美国最近的外交政策决定，许多美国旅行者担心他们在国外会被如何看待。A. exclaimed惊叫；B. polished润色，擦光；C. attained获得；D. perceived看待，认为。由“many U. S. travelers are concerned about”、“abroad”以及句意可知，这里指许多美国旅行者担心他们在国外会被如何看待。故选D项。 9. After weeks of delay, she ______ accepted the reality that the project had failed. A. consistently B. reluctantly C. intently D. potentially 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：经过几周的拖延，她不情愿地接受了项目失败的现实。A. consistently始终；B. reluctantly不情愿地；C. intently专心地；D. potentially可能地。根据上文“After weeks of delay”以及后文“accepted the reality that the project had failed”指不情愿地接受了项目失败的现实。故选B。 10. A field trip is an educational outing where people observe and explore something ______ what they’re learning in class. A. associated with B. referred to as C. compared with D. noted for 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：实地考察是一次具有教育意义的外出活动，在这期间人们观察和探索与他们在课堂上学到的内容相关的事物。A. associated with与……相关联；B. referred to as被称为；C. compared with与……相比较；D. noted for因……而著名。根据what they’re learning in class可知，此处指实地考察是与课堂所学内容相关的观察和探索活动。故选A项。 11. While trade brings ______ it also presents challenges such as inequality and cultural conflicts. A. automation B. friction C. prosperity D. comprehension 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：贸易带来繁荣的同时，也带来了不平等和文化冲突等挑战。A. automation自动化；B. friction摩擦；C. prosperity繁荣；D. comprehension理解。根据上文“While trade brings”以及后文“it also presents challenges such as inequality and cultural conflicts”可知指贸易带来了繁荣，也带来了不平等和文化冲突等挑战。故选C。 12. Several guest lectures are scheduled this semester, ______ the talk on climate innovation by Dr. Chen is the most anticipated. A. with which B. among which C. of which D. by which 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：本学期安排了几场客座讲座，其中陈博士关于气候创新的讲座最受期待。“ the talk on climate innovation by Dr. Chen is the most anticipated.”是定语从句，修饰先行词lectures，关系词在定语从句中状语，表示“在这几场客座讲座之中”，用among which引导该定语从句，强调在多个事物的范围之中。故选B项。 13. The marketing department ______ holiday sales, but demand was weaker than expected. A. banked on B. benefited from C. agreed on D. emerged from 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：营销部门寄希望于假日销售，但需求比预期的要弱。A. banked on期待，依靠；B. benefited from受益于；C. agreed on同意；D. emerged from出现。根据后文“holiday sales, but demand was weaker than expected”指营销部门寄希望于假日销售，故选A。 14. Everyone deserves a ______ job — not just to survive, but to feel valued. A. gigantic B. supreme C. decent D. domestic 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都应该得到一份体面的工作——不仅仅是为了生存，而是为了感到被重视。A. gigantic巨大的；B. supreme最高的；C. decent体面的；D. domestic国内的。根据后文“not just to survive, but to feel valued”指得到体面的工作。故选C。 15. —You won’t believe who I ran into today at the coffee shop? —Really? Who? ______ A. I beg to differ. B. You are not alone. C. Tell me everything. D. You said it. 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：—— 你不会相信我今天在咖啡店碰到谁了？—— 真的吗？谁？告诉我所有的情况。“I beg to differ.”意为“恕我不能苟同”，用于表达不同意对方的观点；“You are not alone.”意为“并非只有你一个人这样”，通常用于安慰对方；“You said it.”意为“你说得对；正是如此”，用于表示赞同对方的观点，它们均与语境不符。“Tell me everything.”意为“告诉我所有的情况”，符合上文对方说碰到了某人，急切想知道是谁以及具体情况的语境。故选C项。 三、完形填空(每小题1分，共20小题，满分20分) At the age of 11, I had neither musical talent — many failed music lessons had proved that — nor musical training. I tend to ____16____ into my bedroom with my guitar. My fingers ached as I tried to press down on the strings without making them buzz. ____17____, I worked my way through 2-, 3-and even 5-chord (和弦) songs and discovered the incredible ____18____ of these musical notes. No one ____19____ me to do this. I did this myself and of my own free will for a week, and the sense of happiness — true happiness — was ____20____ in absorption in something that ____21____ me. Fifty years later, that week’s self-directed practice became a model and ____22____ for almost every meaningful thing I have done since. It makes me understand the ____23____ between achievement and accomplishment. The world ____24____ achievement while ignoring accomplishment. The former is the completion of the task imposed (强加的) from the outside — the ____25____ being a path to the next task. The latter is the end point of an activity we have chosen, whose bonus is the sudden ____26____ of happiness. The seeking of accomplishment always ____27____ people. I learned so long ago that-in that week with the guitar, when you ____28____ the guitar’s C chord, you should be surprised how sweetly it would ring in tune. I didn’t know ____29____ it was a major 7th chord, a favorite of some masters. I just ____30____ accomplishment. That one week of passion and persistence gave me a standard by which to measure every task after it. It wasn’t about prizes or praise, but a private sense of ____31____ that no one could take away. Over the years, I’ve tried new skills with that same mindset — learning languages, writing essays and even cooking. Each new journey reminded me that what matters most is not perfection. Accomplishment, after all, doesn’t demand brilliance — it demands ____32____. What I’ve found is that ____33____ starts to come when we show up fully and consistently. Some days, of course, the joy doesn’t come easily. There are moments of ____34____, when the strings won’t ring right, when the mind feels dull. But I’ve come to see these not as failures, but as part of the process — one that, like my music, continues to ____35____. 16. A. run B. look C. break D. withdraw 17. A. Besides B. However C. Instead D. Therefore 18. A. visions B. senses C. thrills D. evaluation 19. A. forced B. allowed C. wished D. invited 20. A. caught B. set C. rooted D. stuck 21. A. stood by B. passed on C. stayed with D. departed from 22. A. exchange B. foundation C. demand D. priority 23. A. relationship B. similarity C. balance D. difference 24. A. possesses B. favors C. assesses D. defends 25. A. origin B. example C. decision D. function 26. A. lack B. need C. rush D. dream 27. A. amazes B. concerns C. relaxes D. disheartens 28. A. mastered B. overlooked C. reckoned D. saw 29. A. now B. later C. then D. soon 30. A. pursued B. accepted C. interpreted D. analyzed 31. A. surprise B. approval C. regret D. pride 32. A. creativity B. presence C. pressure D. fortune 33. A. collaboration B. celebration C. confidence D. challenge 34. A. curiosity B. discouragement C. violence D. excitement 35. A. evolve B. preserve C. depict D. pose 【答案】16. D 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. C 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者通过坚持练习一周吉他，获得了植根于专注于某件事的真正幸福感，这种幸福感伴随着作者并成为他此后所做的几乎每件有意义的事情的典范和基础。 【16题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢带着吉他躲在卧室里。A. run奔跑；B. look看；C. break打破；D. withdraw躲藏，退出。根据前文“At the age of 11, I had neither musical talent—many failed music lessons had proved that—nor musical training.(11岁时，我既没有音乐天赋——许多失败的音乐课证明了这一点——也没有接受过音乐训练)”可知，作者因为没有音乐天赋和接受过训练，于是躲在卧室里弹吉他。故选D。 【17题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我尝试2和弦、3和弦甚至5和弦的歌曲时，我发现了这些音符令人难以置信的刺激。A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Instead相反；D. Therefore因此。根据前文“My fingers ached as I tried to press down on the strings without making them buzz.(当我试图按下琴弦而不让它们发出嗡嗡声时，我的手指感到疼痛)”以及前后文语境可知为转折关系，用however。故选B。 【18题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我尝试2和弦、3和弦甚至5和弦的歌曲时，我发现了这些音符令人难以置信的刺激。A. visions愿景；B. senses感觉；C. thrills激动；D. evaluation评估。根据后文“I did this myself and of my own free will for a week”可知，作者自愿练习，说明发现了演奏时的兴奋感，其他选项不符合语境。故选C。 【19题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：没人逼我这么做。A. forced迫使；B. allowed允许；C. wished希望；D. invited邀请。根据后文“I did this myself and of my own free will for a week”可知，作者是自愿的，没人逼迫。故选A。 【20题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我自己自愿这样做了一个星期，那种幸福的感觉——真正的幸福——根植于对一些东西的专注，这些东西一直陪伴着我。A. caught抓住；B. set设置；C. rooted扎根；D. stuck卡住。根据后文“in absorption in something”可知，这里指幸福的感觉根植于专注，故选C。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我自己自愿这样做了一个星期，那种幸福的感觉——真正的幸福——根植于对一些东西的专注，这些东西一直陪伴着我。A. stood by支持；B. passed on传递；C. stayed with陪着；D. departed from离开。根据后文“Fifty years later, that week’s self-directed practice became a model”可知，专注带来的幸福感一直陪伴作者。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：五十年后，那个星期的自我指导实践成为了我此后所做的几乎每一件有意义的事情的典范和基础。A. exchange交换；B. foundation基础；C. demand要求；D. priority优先权。根据后文“for almost every meaningful thing I have done since”可知，练习吉他的自我指导实践成为了作者做事的典范和基础，其他选项不符合语境。故选B。 23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它让我明白了成绩和成就之间的区别。A. relationship关系；B. similarity相似性；C. balance平衡；D. difference差异。根据后文“between achievement and accomplishment”可知，这里指成绩和成就之间的区别。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个世界喜欢成绩，而忽视成就。A. possesses拥有；B. favors喜欢；C. assesses评估；D. defends防御。根据后文“achievement while ignoring accomplishment”可知，世界喜欢成绩，而忽视成就，ignore对应favor。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：前者是完成外部强加的任务——作用是通往下一个任务的路径。A. origin起源；B. example例子；C. decision决定；D. function作用，功能。根据后文“being a path to the next task”可知，成绩的作用是通往下一个任务的路径。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后者是我们选择的活动的终点，其奖励是突如其来的幸福感。A. lack缺少；B. need需要；C. rush涌现，冲；D. dream梦想。根据上文“The latter is the end point of an activity we have chosen, whose bonus is the sudden”可知，取得成就是活动的终点，会带来突如其来的幸福感。sudden rush of表示“突然涌现”。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对成就追求总是让人惊讶。A. amazes使惊讶；B. concerns担心；C. relaxes放松；D. disheartens使灰心。根据后文“you should be surprised how sweetly it would ring in tune”可知，对成就的追求总是让人惊讶。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很久以前就知道了——在那一周的吉他中，当你掌握了吉他的C和弦时，你应该惊讶于它发出的声音是多么的甜美。A. mastered掌握；B. overlooked忽略；C. reckoned认为；D. saw看见。根据后文“the guitar’s C chord, you should be surprised how sweetly it would ring in tune”可知，惊叹声音甜美是在掌握了C和弦之后的事情。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我当时不知道这是一个大七和弦，是一些大师的最爱。A. now现在；B. later稍后；C. then当时；D. soon很快。根据后文“it was a major 7th chord, a favorite of some masters”可知，这里指作者当时不了解这个和弦，用副词then表示“（指过去）当时”。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只是追求成就。A. pursued追求；B. accepted接受；C. interpreted解释；D. analyzed分析。根据后文“That one week of passion and persistence gave me a standard by which to measure every task after it.(那一周的激情和坚持给了我一个衡量之后每一项任务的标准)”可知，作者当时追求的是学吉他的成就。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这不是关于奖品或赞扬，而是一种没有人能带走的私人自豪感。A. surprise惊喜；B. approval赞成，批准；C. regret后悔；D. pride自豪，骄傲。根据前文“That one week of passion and persistence gave me a standard by which to measure every task after it.(那一周的激情和坚持给了我一个衡量之后每一项任务的标准)”可知，学习过程中作者克服了困难，取得了成就，所以带来了自豪感。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，成就并不需要辉煌，它要求专注投入。A. creativity创造性；B. presence存在，在场；C. pressure压力；D. fortune运气。根据后文“when we show up fully and consistently”可知，成就需要的是专注投入。presence可以有“专注投入，全身心投入”的含义，符合语境。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现当我们充分且持续地投入时，自信就会开始到来。A. collaboration合作；B. celebration庆祝；C. confidence自信；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“starts to come when we show up fully and consistently”以及前文提到了自豪感，当专注投入做事取得成果时，会带来自信。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当琴弦不正确，当头脑感到迟钝时，会有沮丧的时刻。A. curiosity好奇心；B. discouragement气馁；C. violence暴力；D. excitement激动。根据后文“when the strings won’t ring right, when the mind feels dull”列举的是出现的困难，说明是沮丧时刻。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我不再把这些看作是失败，而是过程的一部分——就像我的音乐一样，这个过程也在不断发展。A. evolve发展，进化；B. preserve保护；C. depict描绘；D. pose摆姿势。根据前文“But I’ve come to see these not as failures, but as part of the process”可知，沮丧时刻是过程一部分，即在不断发展，故选A。 四、阅读理解(每小题2分，共15小题，满分30分) A Pursuing a career in landscape photography while living in Iowa presents a challenge, primarily due to the region’s limited geographical diversity. Unlike states blessed with mountains, coastal cliffs, or dense forests, the so-called “corn state” offers similar landscapes, therefore restricting visual variety for photographers seeking appealing shots. Although the broader Midwest is frequently perceived as boring farmland and highways, occasional locations — marked by rolling hills or calm lakes — can still provide pockets of visual interest. In my own endeavor to capture such hard-to-find beauty, I have often driven for hours, sometimes covering hundreds of miles, to find a scene worth photographing within the narrow window that best lighting allows. Usually, I plan my trips with friends who accompany me to nearby parks or rural sites, combining the act of shooting with shared adventure. In landscape photography, as in most art forms, timing is everything. Arriving at the right place at the ideal moment can determine the success or failure of a shot. To avoid missing short light conditions, I typically set out early, aiming to secure a good position before the sky transforms. Nevertheless, I have, on occasion, failed to anticipate how quickly light can change, thereby losing the opportunity to capture the image I pictured. One particularly memorable experience involved a trip to Devil’s Lake in Wisconsin, where a few friends and I went on an unplanned trip to photograph a striking formation of purple quartz (石英) rocks that overlooked the lake. Reaching the site proved tougher than expected, as we did not adequately mark the trail and had to navigate back under time pressure. However, when we eventually reached the overlook, the view — framed by the setting sun shimmering (闪烁、波光粼粼) across the lake — was more breathtaking than I had imagined. Though the preparation was far from ideal, the resulting photographs turned out to be among my most personally meaningful. Reflecting on that day, I realized that what elevates a photograph isn’t merely technical precision or equipment, but rather one’s ability to act freely and still be ready. While better planning might have allowed for more polished shots, it was the improvisational (即兴的) nature of the trip—the detours, the stress, the race against time — that filled the images with emotional depth. 36. What is the primary reason the author finds landscape photography difficult in Iowa? A. The lack of professional photographic equipment. B. The absence of formal training in outdoor photography. C. The area’s limited natural variation in scenery. D. The overexposure of Midwestern landscapes in media. 37. Why does the author often travel long distances for landscape photography? A. To compete in state-level photography contests. B. To escape the dullness of daily urban life. C. To reach distinctive locations within the perfect lighting window. D. To collect material for a commercial photography. 38. What can be inferred about the author’s trip to Devil’s Lake? A. The trip was carefully pre-planned and executed. B. The friends were experienced hikers and navigators. C. The shooting location was visually unsatisfying. D. The experience was both physically demanding and emotionally rewarding. 【答案】36. C 37. C 38. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从事风景摄影职业，为了拍摄到好的美景所付出的努力。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Pursuing a career in landscape photography while living in Iowa presents a challenge, primarily due to the region’s limited geographical diversity. Unlike states blessed with mountains, coastal cliffs, or dense forests, the so-called “corn state” offers similar landscapes, therefore restricting visual variety for photographers seeking appealing shots.(在爱荷华州从事风景摄影是一项挑战，主要是由于该地区有限的地理多样性。与拥有山脉、海岸悬崖或茂密森林的州不同，所谓的“玉米州”提供了类似的景观，因此限制了摄影师寻找吸引人的照片的视觉多样性)”可知，作者认为在爱荷华州风景摄影困难的主要原因是该地区风景的自然变化有限。故选C。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“In my own endeavor to capture such hard-to-find beauty, I have often driven for hours, sometimes covering hundreds of miles, to find a scene worth photographing within the narrow window that best lighting allows.(为了捕捉这种难以发现的美，我经常开几个小时的车，有时走几百英里，在最好的照明条件下，在狭窄的窗户里找到一个值得拍摄的场景)”可知，作者经常长途跋涉拍摄风景是为了在完美的采光窗内到达不同的位置。故选C。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Reaching the site proved tougher than expected, as we did not adequately mark the trail and had to navigate back under time pressure. However, when we eventually reached the overlook, the view — framed by the setting sun shimmering (闪烁、波光粼粼) across the lake — was more breathtaking than I had imagined. Though the preparation was far from ideal, the resulting photographs turned out to be among my most personally meaningful.(事实证明，到达这个地点比预期的要困难得多，因为我们没有在路线上做充分的标记，不得不在时间紧迫的情况下往回走。然而，当我们最终到达瞭望台时，在落日的映衬下，湖面上的景色比我想象的更令人惊叹。虽然准备工作远非理想，但最终拍摄的照片却是我个人最有意义的照片之一)”可知，这段经历对身体的要求很高，对情感的回报也很高。故选D。 B The psychological term valence weighting bias (效价加权偏差) describes people’s tendency to adapt in new circumstances by drawing more strongly from either their positive or negative attitudes — or rather, whether negative or positive internal “signals” carry the most weight in guiding people’s final behavior. Studies led by Russell Fazio and Javier Granados from Ohio State University found links between a negative-leaning attitude and procrastination, and that it’s possible to shift the weighting bias and reverse (逆转、颠倒) the tendency to delay a task. In the study, 147 college students participated in a program allowing them to accumulate course credits for engaging in a research program. Those who thought it was an awful thing to do procrastinated starting. The study also explored whether students’ measures of self-control influenced task-related behaviors — how students characterized their level of motivation about the research program, and if that affected whether students got an early start. Results showed that the combination of negative weighting bias and self-reported low motivation for self-control was linked to students putting off research program participation by getting started later in the semester. Then the students in the program who were self-reported procrastinators and who scored high for negative weighting bias were asked to join in another study. Researchers then inspired one group in a way that led participants to weigh positive and negative signals in a more balanced way. This shift caused the students to accumulate credit hours more quickly than the group whose negative weighting bias and low self-control reliably predicted their delay. “If somebody is more motivated and able to think more about it, that might bring other considerations that weaken the influence of the valence weighting bias,” researchers said. Negative weighting bias can have a positive effect on behavior, though. These researchers have also found evidence that a negative weighting bias may help people be more realistic when they’re asking themselves, “Have I studied enough for this test?” “It’s better to be more objectively balanced than to be at either extreme,” Fazio said. “But the situation where a particular valence weighting bias is likely to be problematic is going to vary.” 39. What can we know about valence weighting bias? A. It is used in modern technology. B. It influences people’s mental health. C. It directs what people do variously. D. It leads to delays in carrying out tasks. 40. Which group of students would start participating earlier in the first study? A. Students who were reported to lack motivation. B. Students who drew more strongly from positivity. C. Students who were aware of valence weighting bias. D. Students who wanted to improve their self-discipline. 41. What does the experiment in paragraph 4 indicate? A. Higher scores lead to higher motivation. B. Negative weighting bias can be changed. C. Participants need encouragement from researchers. D. Conducting experiment properly and reliably is crucial. 42. What is the main idea of the passage? A Valence weighting bias can be problematic in particular situations. B. Procrastination is primarily caused by people’s negative weighting bias. C. Negative weighting bias should be minimized to overcome procrastination. D. Valence weighting bias shapes behavior through positive or negative attitudes. 【答案】39. C 40. B 41. B 42. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了效价权重偏差（valence weighting bias），即个人倾向于积极还是消极态度来适应新环境或者新的工作任务，为解释拖延任务行为提供了新角度。俄亥俄州立大学的Russell Fazio和Javier Granados领导的研究发现了消极态度和拖延之间的联系，并且有可能改变权重偏差，逆转拖延任务的趋势。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The psychological term valence weighting bias (效价加权偏差) describes people’s tendency to adapt in new circumstances by drawing more strongly from either their positive or negative attitudes — or rather, whether negative or positive internal “signals” carry the most weight in guiding people’s final behavior.(心理学术语“效价加权偏差”描述了人们在新环境中的适应倾向，通过更强烈地从他们的积极或消极态度中汲取经验，或者更确切地说，无论是消极还是积极的内部“信号”在指导人们的最终行为方面都具有最大的影响力)”可知，效价权重偏差指导人们做各种各样的事情。故选C。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Those who thought it was an awful thing to do procrastinated starting. The study also explored whether students’ measures of self-control influenced task-related behaviors — how students characterized their level of motivation about the research program, and if that affected whether students got an early start.(那些认为这是一件可怕的事情的人推迟了开始。该研究还探讨了学生的自控能力是否会影响与任务相关的行为——学生如何描述他们对研究项目的动机水平，以及这是否会影响学生是否能早点开始)”可知，认为这是一件糟糕的事情的人是消极的，这些人参与就晚，因此可推理，认为这是一件好的事情的人就会早参与。因此，在第一项研究中，如果学生们更加积极乐观，他们会更早开始参与。故选B。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“This shift caused the students to accumulate credit hours more quickly than the group whose negative weighting bias and low self-control reliably predicted their delay.(这种转变导致学生比负权重偏差和低自制力可靠地预测其延迟的那组学生更快地积累学分)”可知，第四段中的实验说明负权重偏差可以逆转。故选B。 【42题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The psychological term valence weighting bias (效价加权偏差) describes people’s tendency to adapt in new circumstances by drawing more strongly from either their positive or negative attitudes — or rather, whether negative or positive internal “signals” carry the most weight in guiding people’s final behavior.(心理学术语“效价加权偏差”描述了人们在新环境中的适应倾向，通过更强烈地从他们的积极或消极态度中汲取经验，或者更确切地说，无论是消极还是积极的内部“信号”在指导人们的最终行为方面都具有最大的影响力)”以及主要介绍了效价权重偏差（valence weighting bias），即个人倾向于积极还是消极态度来适应新环境或者新的工作任务，为解释拖延任务行为提供了新角度。俄亥俄州立大学的Russell Fazio和Javier Granados领导的研究发现了消极态度和拖延之间的联系，并且有可能改变权重偏差，逆转拖延任务的趋势。可知，这篇文章的主旨是“效价权重偏差通过积极或消极态度塑造行为”。故选D。 C As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly embedded (嵌入) in daily life, many marvel at its ability to streamline processes and personalize experiences. But behind this convenience lies a profound philosophical and practical dilemma: what does it mean for humans to outsource decision-making to machines? While concerns about job loss and science-fiction-style robot takeovers are common, a more pressing issue is emerging — the collapse of our capacity for moral and practical reasoning. The essence of being human, many scholars argue, lies in our ability to make judgments that require reflection, empathy, and context. Yet as AI takes on more roles once reserved for people — from hiring decisions to consumer recommendations — it risks weakening how well our brain works. Classical thinkers like Aristotle believed that ethical decision-making could be cultivated through repeated practice. Much like exercising a muscle, judgment improves through use. However, when algorithms (算法) choose what we read, watch, and purchase, or even who we should employ, individuals may lose opportunities to sharpen these essential skills. The more we depend on AI to think for us, the less we may think for ourselves. Modern recommendation systems, designed to minimize effort and cater to past preferences, offer a tempting shortcut. They help us avoid cognitive fatigue by filtering choices — but at a cost. They narrow our exposure to the unfamiliar and potentially reduce our ability to handle ambiguity. The freedom of choice, once a feature of modern societies, may become little more than an illusion (假象、幻觉) shaped by predictive software. If trends continue, future generations might grow up in an environment where the unpredictability that once characterized human behavior becomes rare. The people in this Al-selected world may seem efficient — but perhaps also less distinct, less reflective, and less human than those who came before. 43. What is the hidden worry raised about artificial intelligence? A. It fails to protect users’ private data. B. It replaces critical human reasoning abilities. C. It leads to increased social inequality. D. It causes widespread economic instability. 44. What is a consequence of relying too heavily on AI for decision-making? A. People become more biased in their judgments. B. Machines may make incorrect ethical choices. C. Individuals lose chances to strengthen moral reasoning. D. Managers will no longer have to evaluate employee performance. 45. What is the author’s view on the role of recommendation algorithms? A. They give users access to entirely new experiences. B. They optimize decision-making without risks. C. They gradually narrow down people’s exposure. D. They increase the role of randomness in life. 46. Why does the author suggest that people in an AI-driven world might become less human? A. They will forget how to use technology wisely. B. Their thinking will resemble that of machines. C. They will grow uninterested in making choices. D. Their unpredictability and uniqueness may fade. 【答案】43. B 44. C 45. C 46. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了人工智能在日常生活中日益普及带来的问题，指出它可能削弱人类的道德和实践推理能力，使人类变得缺乏独特性和反思性。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But behind this convenience lies a profound philosophical and practical dilemma: what does it mean for humans to outsource decision-making to machines? (但在这种便利的背后，隐藏着一个深刻的哲学和实践难题：人类将决策外包给机器意味着什么？)”第二段中“While concerns about job loss and science fiction style robot takeovers are common, a more pressing issue is emerging — the collapse of our capacity for moral and practical reasoning. (虽然对失业和科幻式的机器人接管的担忧很常见，但一个更紧迫的问题正在出现——我们的道德和实践推理能力的崩溃。)”可知，关于人工智能隐藏的担忧是它会取代人类至关重要的推理能力。故选B项。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Classical thinkers like Aristotle believed that ethical decision-making could be cultivated through repeated practice. Much like exercising a muscle, judgment improves through use. However, when algorithms (算法) choose what we read, watch, and purchase, or even who we should employ, individuals may lose opportunities to sharpen these essential skills. (亚里士多德等古典思想家认为，道德决策可以通过反复练习来培养。就像锻炼肌肉一样，判断力通过使用而提高。然而，当算法决定我们阅读、观看和购买的内容，甚至决定我们应该雇佣谁时，个人可能会失去提高这些基本技能的机会。)”可知，过度依赖人工智能进行决策的后果是个人失去了强化道德推理的机会。故选C项。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Modern recommendation systems, designed to minimize effort and cater to past preferences, offer a tempting shortcut. They help us avoid cognitive fatigue by filtering choices — but at a cost. They narrow our exposure to the unfamiliar and potentially reduce our ability to handle ambiguity. (现代推荐系统旨在尽量减少工作量，迎合过去的偏好，提供了一条诱人的捷径。它们通过过滤选择来帮助我们避免认知疲劳——但这是有代价的。它们缩小了我们接触不熟悉事物的范围，并可能降低我们处理模糊情况的能力。)”可知，作者认为推荐算法会逐渐缩小人们的接触范围。故选C项。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If trends continue, future generations might grow up in an environment where the unpredictability that once characterized human behavior becomes rare. The people in this AI selected world may seem efficient — but perhaps also less distinct, less reflective, and less human than those who came before. (如果这种趋势继续下去，未来几代人可能会在这样一个环境中成长：曾经是人类行为特征的不可预测性变得罕见。在这个由人工智能选择的世界里，人们可能看起来很有效率，但也许比前人更缺乏独特性、反思性，更缺乏人性。)”可知，作者认为在人工智能驱动的世界里，人们的不可预测性和独特性可能会消失，从而变得不那么像人。故选D项。 D Some people believe that getting older means a gradual decline rather than a journey toward wisdom. However, more and more studies show that learning is still possible in later life. In fact, continued education can benefit the aging brain. Throughout one’s life, the human brain remains remarkably capable of adapting and restructuring itself. As early as the 1960s, British neuroscientist Geoffrey Raisman observed that injured regions of rat brains could establish new synaptic (突触的) connections, as revealed under an electron microscope. These findings introduced the concept of neuroplasticity — the idea that the brain can continually rewire itself in response to new stimuli (触发因素) and learning experiences. Naturally, this adaptive ability does not make the brain resistant to the damage caused by time. Just as height tends to decline with age, so too does brain volume, shrinking (缩小) at an estimated rate of 4% per decade beginning in one’s 40s. Nevertheless, this volumetric decline does not definitely translate into cognitive impairment. As long as individuals remain mentally engaged and open to novel experiences, the brain retains a significant capacity to regenerate pathways and maintain functionality. Modern research increasingly highlights that exposure to new environments, ideas, and skills can enhance the brain’s flexibility. These fresh experiences promote the formation of neural networks, which help sustain cognitive resilience, even as structural shrinkage occurs. From solving logic puzzles to choosing unconventional routes for daily tasks, minor changes to routine can stimulate brain function and promote long-term mental health. Moreover, studies of older adults suggest that those who actively pursue new intellectual or physical challenges tend to enjoy enhanced memory performance and reduced susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders (神经退行性疾病). Natural qualities such as curiosity and an enthusiastic attitude toward acquiring knowledge appear to be positively correlated with cognitive preservation. Importantly, a 2012 study published in Psychology and Aging confirmed that participation in cognitively stimulating tasks can boost reasoning skills and potentially delay age-related mental decline. 47. What inference can be drawn regarding brain aging from the text? A. Age-related brain shrinkage inevitably causes mental worsening. B. Elderly individuals are incapable of forming new neural pathways. C. Cognitive flexibility can persist despite physiological brain changes. D. Once brain volume decreases, neuroplasticity ceases to function. 48. Which of the following best explains Geoffrey Raisman’s research? A. Brain aging is a largely irreversible biological process. B. The human brain is more resilient and dynamic than previously believed. C. Synaptic formation in rats differs significantly from that in humans. D. New experiences primarily enhance short-term brain performance. 49. Which strategy is recommended for sustaining brain health in later life? A. Repeating familiar tasks to avoid unnecessary stress. B. Using drug treatments to slow aging effects. C. Engaging in novel activities that challenge mental habits. D. Focusing merely on physical exercise to support brain growth. 50. Based on the findings of the 2012 Psychology and Aging study, ______. A. Entertaining games are ineffective in preventing memory loss. B. Rational (理性) thinking declines with age despite training. C. Deliberate mental stimulation can enhance reasoning ability. D. Naturally gifted individuals benefit from cognitive training. 【答案】47. C 48. B 49. C 50. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“老年时期继续学习对大脑有益”这一主题展开，介绍了神经可塑性的概念、大脑随年龄的变化、新体验对大脑灵活性的提升作用以及老年人积极追求新挑战的好处等方面。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Just as height tends to decline with age, so too does brain volume, shrinking (缩小) at an estimated rate of 4% per decade beginning in one’s 40s. Nevertheless, this volumetric decline does not definitely translate into cognitive impairment. As long as individuals remain mentally engaged and open to novel experiences, the brain retains a significant capacity to regenerate pathways and maintain functionality.(就像身高会随着年龄增长而下降一样，大脑容量也会减少，从40岁左右开始，大脑容量估计每十年会萎缩4%。然而，这种容量的减少并不一定会导致认知障碍。只要个人能够保持积极的思维活动，并乐于接受新奇的体验，大脑就仍然具有强大的能力来重新建立神经通路并维持其功能)”可知，大脑容量减少不一定会导致认知障碍。只要人们保持思维活跃并乐于接受新体验，大脑仍有很大能力重新生成神经通路并维持功能。再根据第四段中“Modern research increasingly highlights that exposure to new environments, ideas, and skills can enhance the brain’s flexibility. These fresh experiences promote the formation of neural networks, which help sustain cognitive resilience, even as structural shrinkage occurs.(现代研究越来越强调，接触新的环境、思想和技能可以增强大脑的灵活性。这些全新的体验促进了神经网络的形成，即使大脑结构出现萎缩，这些神经网络也有助于维持认知弹性)”可知，接触新环境、思想和技能可以增强大脑灵活性。因此，关于大脑衰老可以推断出尽管大脑有生理变化，认知灵活性仍能持续。故选C。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Throughout one’s life, the human brain remains remarkably capable of adapting and restructuring itself. As early as the 1960s, British neuroscientist Geoffrey Raisman observed that injured regions of rat brains could establish new synaptic (突触的) connections, as revealed under an electron microscope. These findings introduced the concept of neuroplasticity — the idea that the brain can continually rewire itself in response to new stimuli (触发因素) and learning experiences.(在人的一生中，人类的大脑始终具有显著的适应能力和自我重组能力。早在20世纪60年代，英国神经科学家Geoffrey Raisman通过电子显微镜观察发现，老鼠大脑的受伤区域能够建立新的突触连接。这些发现引入了神经可塑性的概念，即大脑能够不断地自我重塑，以应对新的刺激和学习体验)”可知，Geoffrey Raisman的研究发现老鼠大脑受伤区域可以建立新的突触连接，引入了神经可塑性的概念，说明大脑能够根据新的刺激和学习经历不断自我重塑，这表明人类大脑比之前认为的更具弹性和活力。故选B。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Modern research increasingly highlights that exposure to new environments, ideas, and skills can enhance the brain’s flexibility. These fresh experiences promote the formation of neural networks, which help sustain cognitive resilience, even as structural shrinkage occurs. From solving logic puzzles to choosing unconventional routes for daily tasks, minor changes to routine can stimulate brain function and promote long-term mental health.(现代研究越来越强调，接触新的环境、思想和技能可以增强大脑的灵活性。这些全新的体验促进了神经网络的形成，即使大脑结构出现萎缩，这些神经网络也有助于维持认知弹性。从解决逻辑谜题到在日常任务中选择非传统的路径，日常生活中的小改变都可以刺激大脑功能，促进长期的心理健康)”可知，参与能挑战思维习惯的新奇活动对维持大脑健康有帮助。故选C。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“Importantly, a 2012 study published in Psychology and Aging confirmed that participation in cognitively stimulating tasks can boost reasoning skills and potentially delay age-related mental decline.(重要是，2012年发表在《心理学与衰老》杂志上的一项研究证实，参与具有认知刺激性的任务可以提高推理能力，并有可能延缓与年龄相关的智力衰退)”可知，根据2012年《心理学与衰老》的研究发现，有意的心理刺激可以提高推理能力。故选C。 天津一中2024-2025-2高二年级 英语学科期中质量调查试卷 第Ⅱ卷 五、根据所给的中英文释义和首字母完成单词拼写 51. The human brain has an astonishing c______ (the ability to do something; the amount something can hold) to learn and adapt, even in the face of great challenges.(根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】capacity##apacity 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：即使面对巨大的挑战，人类的大脑也具有惊人的学习和适应能力。形容词astonishing后接名词形式，在句中作宾语。根据首字母提示及英文释义可知，用名词capacity，表示“能力”之意。根据不定冠词an可知，用名词的单数形式。故填capacity。 52. In her speech, the scientist c______ (引用) several new studies to support her argument about climate change. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】cited##ited 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：在演讲中，这位科学家引用了几项新的研究来支持她关于气候变化的论点。根据中英文提示可知，此处应填cite，由“In her speech”及语境可知，句子时态为一般过去时，用来描述过去的动作，所以应使用动词的过去式。故填cited。 53. His early r______ (the act of refusing or not accepting something) by the art community only fueled his determination to prove his talent. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】rejection##ejection 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：他早期被艺术界拒绝，这反而激发了他证明自己才华的决心。结合英语释义“the act of refusing or not accepting something (拒绝或不接受某事的行为)”和首字母提示可知，用名词rejection作主语，意为“拒绝”。故填rejection。 54. The ancient city is known for its unique combination of modern design and traditional a______. (建筑) (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】architecture##rchitecture 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：这座古城以其现代设计与传统建筑的独特结合而闻名。根据中英文提示可知，空处应填名词architecture“建筑”，和design并列作介词of的宾语，为不可数名词。故填architecture。 55. True f______ (a feeling of satisfaction) often comes not from material success, but from meaningful relationships and personal growth. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】fulfillment##ulfillment 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：真正的满足往往不是来自物质上的成功，而是来自有意义的人际关系和个人成长。根据单词首字母以及英文提示“a feeling of satisfaction(满足感)”，可知用名词fulfillment，作主语。故填fulfillment。 56. Her performance in the final round was absolutely s______ (excellent; of the highest quality) and she got a big round of applause. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】superb##uperb 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她在最后一轮的表现非常出色，赢得了热烈的掌声。根据单词首字母以及英文提示，可知用形容词superb，作表语。故填superb。 57. A little c______ (sympathy or concern for others’ suffering) in our daily lives can go a long way in making the world a better place. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】compassion##ompassion 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：在我们的日常生活中，一点点同情心对于让世界变得更美好都会大有帮助。根据提示的首字母和括号内英文释义以及前面的修饰词A little可知，此处应填不可数名词compassion作宾语。故填compassion。 58. His lifelong f______ (strong interest) with the stars led him to become an astronomer. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】fascination##ascination 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：他一生对星星的迷恋使他成为一名天文学家。根据单词首字母以及英文提示，可知用名词fascination，作主语。故填fascination。 59. In the past decade, digital technology has come to d______ (to control or have power over something) nearly every aspect of our lives. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】dominate##ominate 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：在过去的十年里，数字技术几乎主导了我们生活的方方面面。根据单词首字母以及英文提示，可知用动词dominate，此处为短语come to do sth.。故填dominate。 60. A statue was built in the town square to c______ (to honor or remember someone officially) the heroes who had sacrificed their lives for peace. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】commemorate##ommemorate 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：在市镇广场上建了一座雕像，纪念那些为和平牺牲生命的英雄们。根据单词首字母以及英文提示，可知用动词commemorate，此处为不定式作目的状语。故填commemorate。 六、写作 61. 假设你是晨光中学的李津，近年来，露营活动越来越流行，人们走进自然、拥抱自然，学校的英语公众号正在举办the Charm of Camping的征文活动，请你写一篇稿件，内容包括： 1)露营活动受到人们的喜爱； 2)分析该现象产生的原因；(根据饼状图所示，选择2-3个原因分析) 3)鼓励大家去露营。 要求： 1)词数不少于100； 2)可以适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。 The Charm of Camping ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The Charm of Camping In recent years, camping has become increasingly popular among people of all ages. As more people seek to reconnect with nature, camping offers a perfect escape from the pressures of daily life. One major reason for this trend is the desire to escape city life. Surrounded by tall buildings and busy streets, many people long for fresh air and open spaces, making camping a refreshing getaway. Another important factor is its health and wellness benefits. Being outdoors helps reduce stress, improve mood, and promote physical activity. Camping not only brings us closer to nature but also to each other. It creates valuable memories with family and friends. So why not pack your bag and go camping? 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“the Charm of Camping”为题写一篇短文，向学校的英语公众号投稿。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 压力：pressure → stress 主要的：major → primary 重要的：important → significant 珍贵的：valuable → cherished 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：One major reason for this trend is the desire to escape city life. 拓展句：One major reason for this trend is that many people desire to escape city life. 【点睛】【高分句型1】As more people seek to reconnect with nature, camping offers a perfect escape from the pressures of daily life.（运用了as引导的状语从句） 【高分句型2】Surrounded by tall buildings and busy streets, many people long for fresh air and open spaces, making camping a refreshing getaway.（运用了过去分词surrounded和现在分词making作状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 天津一中2024—2025—2高二年级英语学科 期中质量调查试卷 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)、第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，共100分，考试用时90分钟。第Ⅰ卷1至5页，第Ⅱ卷第6页。考生务必将答案涂写规定的位置上，答在试卷上的无效。祝各位考生考试顺利! 一、听力：第一节(共5小题;每小题0.5分，满分2.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What will the speakers do next? A．Visit a friend. B．Pick up Billy. C．Buy some beans. 2．Who is Andy Clarks? A．A public librarian. B．A TV actor. C．A famous lawyer. 3．What are the speakers talking about? A．Gifts for Jason. B．A baseball game. C．The woman’s retirement. 4．What went on at Cooper’s last night? A．A movie show. B．A birthday party. C．A sales promotion. 5．What problem do the speakers have? A．They are late for work. B．They get stuck in traffic. C．They have lost their way. 第二节(共15小题;每小题0.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．Where are the speakers? A．At home. B．At the office. C．At the airport. 7．How does Sara Sound? A．Anxious. B．Surprised. C．Grateful. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8．What made Miss Johnson choose teaching as a profession? A．Pressure from her family. B．Her passion for the work. C．A teacher’s encouragement. 9．What does Miss Johnson think is the best part of her job? A．Being with children. B．Winning others’ respect. C．Learning different things. 10．What does Miss Johnson want her students to become? A．Lifelong learners. B．Creative thinkers. C．Good communicators. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11．What does Becky like about living with her parents? A．They have a big house. B．They cook meals for her. C．They pay all her expenses 12．What does Ethan suggest Becky do regarding her mother? A．Have patience. B．Provide company. C．Express gratitude. 13．Why is Ethan concerned about his parents living on their own? A．They may feel lonely. B．They may fail to get along. C．They may have an emergency. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14．Whose speech did the woman listen to this morning? A．John Miller’s. B．David Thompson’s. C．Allan Brown’s. 15．What is the workshop in the afternoon about? A．Knowledge economy. B．Risk assessment. C．Employee motivation. 16．What does the woman say about her job? A．It can be challenging. B．It is truly interesting. C．It will be rewarding. 17．What do the man and the woman both want to do? A．Apply for a new position. B．Offer their staff a salary raise. C．Improve their management skills. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18．What does the speaker probably do? A．She’s a medical doctor B．She’s a fitness instructor. C．She’s a swimming coach. 19．What is a common workout mistake? A Focusing only on building muscles. B．Taking too many types of exercises. C．Doing the same routine all the time. 20．How often does the speaker suggest people do hard workouts? A．Once a week. B．Twice a week. C．Three times a week. 二、单项选择(每小题1分，共15小题，满分15分) 1. If you suffer from burnout at work, consider ______ your schedule and reducing non-essential commitments. A. reassess B. being reassessed C. reassessing D. to reassess 2. —You’re up early on a Sunday! What’s the plan? —______ just enjoying a slow morning with some coffee and my book. A. Nothing special. B. It depends. C. Up to you. D. So long. 3. After a long day of endless meetings and deadlines, ______ she longed for was a quiet mind and a moment of peace. A. that B. what C. whether D. how 4. A few destinations, as well as new policies ______ increased interest since the new governor took office. A. has experienced B. was experiencing C. have experienced D. experienced 5. This experience has taught me how strong I can be in situations ______ cause me fear or discomfort. A. where B. that C. whose D. what 6. Food and drinks brought into the venue are strictly prohibited ______ otherwise permitted in writing by the event coordinator. A. therefore B. once C. nonetheless D. unless 7. The professor made his expectations clearly ______ in the course plan handed out on the first day. A. to be stated B. stated C. stating D. state 8. In light of recent American foreign policy decisions, many U. S. travelers are concerned about how they will be ________ abroad. A. exclaimed B. polished C. attained D. perceived 9. After weeks of delay, she ______ accepted the reality that the project had failed. A. consistently B. reluctantly C. intently D. potentially 10. A field trip is an educational outing where people observe and explore something ______ what they’re learning in class. A. associated with B. referred to as C. compared with D. noted for 11. While trade brings ______, it also presents challenges such as inequality and cultural conflicts. A. automation B. friction C. prosperity D. comprehension 12. Several guest lectures are scheduled this semester, ______ the talk on climate innovation by Dr. Chen is the most anticipated. A. with which B. among which C. of which D. by which 13. The marketing department ______ holiday sales, but demand was weaker than expected. A. banked on B. benefited from C. agreed on D. emerged from 14. Everyone deserves a ______ job — not just to survive, but to feel valued. A. gigantic B. supreme C. decent D. domestic 15. —You won’t believe who I ran into today at the coffee shop? —Really? Who? ______ A. I beg to differ. B. You are not alone. C. Tell me everything. D. You said it. 三、完形填空(每小题1分，共20小题，满分20分) At the age of 11, I had neither musical talent — many failed music lessons had proved that — nor musical training. I tend to ____16____ into my bedroom with my guitar. My fingers ached as I tried to press down on the strings without making them buzz. ____17____, I worked my way through 2-, 3-and even 5-chord (和弦) songs and discovered the incredible ____18____ of these musical notes. No one ____19____ me to do this. I did this myself and of my own free will for a week, and the sense of happiness — true happiness — was ____20____ in absorption in something that ____21____ me. Fifty years later, that week’s self-directed practice became a model and ____22____ for almost every meaningful thing I have done since. It makes me understand the ____23____ between achievement and accomplishment. The world ____24____ achievement while ignoring accomplishment. The former is the completion of the task imposed (强加的) from the outside — the ____25____ being a path to the next task. The latter is the end point of an activity we have chosen, whose bonus is the sudden ____26____ of happiness. The seeking of accomplishment always ____27____ people. I learned so long ago that-in that week with the guitar, when you ____28____ the guitar’s C chord, you should be surprised how sweetly it would ring in tune. I didn’t know ____29____ it was a major 7th chord, a favorite of some masters. I just ____30____ accomplishment. That one week of passion and persistence gave me a standard by which to measure every task after it. It wasn’t about prizes or praise, but a private sense of ____31____ that no one could take away. Over the years, I’ve tried new skills with that same mindset — learning languages, writing essays and even cooking. Each new journey reminded me that what matters most is not perfection. Accomplishment, after all, doesn’t demand brilliance — it demands ____32____. What I’ve found is that ____33____ starts to come when we show up fully and consistently. Some days, of course, the joy doesn’t come easily. There are moments of ____34____, when the strings won’t ring right, when the mind feels dull. But I’ve come to see these not as failures, but as part of the process — one that, like my music, continues to ____35____. 16. A. run B. look C. break D. withdraw 17. A. Besides B. However C. Instead D. Therefore 18. A. visions B. senses C. thrills D. evaluation 19. A. forced B. allowed C. wished D. invited 20. A. caught B. set C. rooted D. stuck 21. A. stood by B. passed on C. stayed with D. departed from 22. A. exchange B. foundation C. demand D. priority 23. A. relationship B. similarity C. balance D. difference 24. A. possesses B. favors C. assesses D. defends 25. A. origin B. example C. decision D. function 26. A. lack B. need C. rush D. dream 27. A. amazes B. concerns C. relaxes D. disheartens 28. A. mastered B. overlooked C. reckoned D. saw 29. A. now B. later C. then D. soon 30. A. pursued B. accepted C. interpreted D. analyzed 31. A. surprise B. approval C. regret D. pride 32. A. creativity B. presence C. pressure D. fortune 33. A. collaboration B. celebration C. confidence D. challenge 34. A. curiosity B. discouragement C. violence D. excitement 35. A. evolve B. preserve C. depict D. pose 四、阅读理解(每小题2分，共15小题，满分30分) A Pursuing a career in landscape photography while living in Iowa presents a challenge, primarily due to the region’s limited geographical diversity. Unlike states blessed with mountains, coastal cliffs, or dense forests, the so-called “corn state” offers similar landscapes, therefore restricting visual variety for photographers seeking appealing shots. Although the broader Midwest is frequently perceived as boring farmland and highways, occasional locations — marked by rolling hills or calm lakes — can still provide pockets of visual interest. In my own endeavor to capture such hard-to-find beauty, I have often driven for hours, sometimes covering hundreds of miles, to find a scene worth photographing within the narrow window that best lighting allows. Usually, I plan my trips with friends who accompany me to nearby parks or rural sites, combining the act of shooting with shared adventure. In landscape photography, as in most art forms, timing is everything. Arriving at the right place at the ideal moment can determine the success or failure of a shot. To avoid missing short light conditions, I typically set out early, aiming to secure a good position before the sky transforms. Nevertheless, I have, on occasion, failed to anticipate how quickly light can change, thereby losing the opportunity to capture the image I pictured. One particularly memorable experience involved a trip to Devil’s Lake in Wisconsin, where a few friends and I went on an unplanned trip to photograph a striking formation of purple quartz (石英) rocks that overlooked the lake. Reaching the site proved tougher than expected, as we did not adequately mark the trail and had to navigate back under time pressure. However, when we eventually reached the overlook, the view — framed by the setting sun shimmering (闪烁、波光粼粼) across the lake — was more breathtaking than I had imagined. Though the preparation was far from ideal, the resulting photographs turned out to be among my most personally meaningful. Reflecting on that day, I realized that what elevates a photograph isn’t merely technical precision or equipment, but rather one’s ability to act freely and still be ready. While better planning might have allowed for more polished shots, it was the improvisational (即兴的) nature of the trip—the detours, the stress, the race against time — that filled the images with emotional depth. 36. What is the primary reason the author finds landscape photography difficult in Iowa? A. The lack of professional photographic equipment. B. The absence of formal training in outdoor photography. C. The area’s limited natural variation in scenery. D. The overexposure of Midwestern landscapes in media. 37. Why does the author often travel long distances for landscape photography? A. To compete in state-level photography contests. B. To escape the dullness of daily urban life. C. To reach distinctive locations within the perfect lighting window. D. To collect material for a commercial photography. 38. What can be inferred about the author’s trip to Devil’s Lake? A. The trip was carefully pre-planned and executed. B. The friends were experienced hikers and navigators. C. The shooting location was visually unsatisfying. D. The experience was both physically demanding and emotionally rewarding. B The psychological term valence weighting bias (效价加权偏差) describes people’s tendency to adapt in new circumstances by drawing more strongly from either their positive or negative attitudes — or rather, whether negative or positive internal “signals” carry the most weight in guiding people’s final behavior. Studies led by Russell Fazio and Javier Granados from Ohio State University found links between a negative-leaning attitude and procrastination, and that it’s possible to shift the weighting bias and reverse (逆转、颠倒) the tendency to delay a task. In the study, 147 college students participated in a program allowing them to accumulate course credits for engaging in a research program. Those who thought it was an awful thing to do procrastinated starting. The study also explored whether students’ measures of self-control influenced task-related behaviors — how students characterized their level of motivation about the research program, and if that affected whether students got an early start. Results showed that the combination of negative weighting bias and self-reported low motivation for self-control was linked to students putting off research program participation by getting started later in the semester. Then the students in the program who were self-reported procrastinators and who scored high for negative weighting bias were asked to join in another study. Researchers then inspired one group in a way that led participants to weigh positive and negative signals in a more balanced way. This shift caused the students to accumulate credit hours more quickly than the group whose negative weighting bias and low self-control reliably predicted their delay. “If somebody is more motivated and able to think more about it, that might bring other considerations that weaken the influence of the valence weighting bias,” researchers said. Negative weighting bias can have a positive effect on behavior, though. These researchers have also found evidence that a negative weighting bias may help people be more realistic when they’re asking themselves, “Have I studied enough for this test?” “It’s better to be more objectively balanced than to be at either extreme,” Fazio said. “But the situation where a particular valence weighting bias is likely to be problematic is going to vary.” 39. What can we know about valence weighting bias? A. It is used in modern technology. B. It influences people’s mental health. C. It directs what people do variously. D. It leads to delays in carrying out tasks. 40. Which group of students would start participating earlier in the first study? A. Students who were reported to lack motivation. B. Students who drew more strongly from positivity. C. Students who were aware of valence weighting bias. D. Students who wanted to improve their self-discipline. 41. What does the experiment in paragraph 4 indicate? A. Higher scores lead to higher motivation. B. Negative weighting bias can be changed. C. Participants need encouragement from researchers. D. Conducting experiment properly and reliably is crucial. 42. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Valence weighting bias can be problematic in particular situations. B. Procrastination is primarily caused by people’s negative weighting bias. C. Negative weighting bias should be minimized to overcome procrastination. D. Valence weighting bias shapes behavior through positive or negative attitudes. C As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly embedded (嵌入) in daily life, many marvel at its ability to streamline processes and personalize experiences. But behind this convenience lies a profound philosophical and practical dilemma: what does it mean for humans to outsource decision-making to machines? While concerns about job loss and science-fiction-style robot takeovers are common, a more pressing issue is emerging — the collapse of our capacity for moral and practical reasoning. The essence of being human, many scholars argue, lies in our ability to make judgments that require reflection, empathy, and context. Yet as AI takes on more roles once reserved for people — from hiring decisions to consumer recommendations — it risks weakening how well our brain works. Classical thinkers like Aristotle believed that ethical decision-making could be cultivated through repeated practice. Much like exercising a muscle, judgment improves through use. However, when algorithms (算法) choose what we read, watch, and purchase, or even who we should employ, individuals may lose opportunities to sharpen these essential skills. The more we depend on AI to think for us, the less we may think for ourselves. Modern recommendation systems, designed to minimize effort and cater to past preferences, offer a tempting shortcut. They help us avoid cognitive fatigue by filtering choices — but at a cost. They narrow our exposure to the unfamiliar and potentially reduce our ability to handle ambiguity. The freedom of choice, once a feature of modern societies, may become little more than an illusion (假象、幻觉) shaped by predictive software. If trends continue, future generations might grow up in an environment where the unpredictability that once characterized human behavior becomes rare. The people in this Al-selected world may seem efficient — but perhaps also less distinct, less reflective, and less human than those who came before. 43. What is the hidden worry raised about artificial intelligence? A. It fails to protect users’ private data. B. It replaces critical human reasoning abilities. C. It leads to increased social inequality. D. It causes widespread economic instability. 44. What is a consequence of relying too heavily on AI for decision-making? A. People become more biased in their judgments. B Machines may make incorrect ethical choices. C. Individuals lose chances to strengthen moral reasoning. D. Managers will no longer have to evaluate employee performance. 45. What is the author’s view on the role of recommendation algorithms? A. They give users access to entirely new experiences. B. They optimize decision-making without risks. C. They gradually narrow down people’s exposure. D. They increase the role of randomness in life. 46. Why does the author suggest that people in an AI-driven world might become less human? A. They will forget how to use technology wisely. B. Their thinking will resemble that of machines. C. They will grow uninterested in making choices. D. Their unpredictability and uniqueness may fade. D Some people believe that getting older means a gradual decline rather than a journey toward wisdom. However, more and more studies show that learning is still possible in later life. In fact, continued education can benefit the aging brain. Throughout one’s life, the human brain remains remarkably capable of adapting and restructuring itself. As early as the 1960s, British neuroscientist Geoffrey Raisman observed that injured regions of rat brains could establish new synaptic (突触的) connections, as revealed under an electron microscope. These findings introduced the concept of neuroplasticity — the idea that the brain can continually rewire itself in response to new stimuli (触发因素) and learning experiences. Naturally, this adaptive ability does not make the brain resistant to the damage caused by time. Just as height tends to decline with age, so too does brain volume, shrinking (缩小) at an estimated rate of 4% per decade beginning in one’s 40s. Nevertheless, this volumetric decline does not definitely translate into cognitive impairment. As long as individuals remain mentally engaged and open to novel experiences, the brain retains a significant capacity to regenerate pathways and maintain functionality. Modern research increasingly highlights that exposure to new environments, ideas, and skills can enhance the brain’s flexibility. These fresh experiences promote the formation of neural networks, which help sustain cognitive resilience, even as structural shrinkage occurs. From solving logic puzzles to choosing unconventional routes for daily tasks, minor changes to routine can stimulate brain function and promote long-term mental health. Moreover, studies of older adults suggest that those who actively pursue new intellectual or physical challenges tend to enjoy enhanced memory performance and reduced susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders (神经退行性疾病). Natural qualities such as curiosity and an enthusiastic attitude toward acquiring knowledge appear to be positively correlated with cognitive preservation. Importantly, a 2012 study published in Psychology and Aging confirmed that participation in cognitively stimulating tasks can boost reasoning skills and potentially delay age-related mental decline. 47. What inference can be drawn regarding brain aging from the text? A. Age-related brain shrinkage inevitably causes mental worsening. B. Elderly individuals are incapable of forming new neural pathways. C Cognitive flexibility can persist despite physiological brain changes. D. Once brain volume decreases, neuroplasticity ceases to function. 48. Which of the following best explains Geoffrey Raisman’s research? A. Brain aging is a largely irreversible biological process. B. The human brain is more resilient and dynamic than previously believed. C. Synaptic formation in rats differs significantly from that in humans. D. New experiences primarily enhance short-term brain performance. 49. Which strategy is recommended for sustaining brain health in later life? A. Repeating familiar tasks to avoid unnecessary stress. B. Using drug treatments to slow aging effects. C. Engaging in novel activities that challenge mental habits. D. Focusing merely on physical exercise to support brain growth. 50. Based on the findings of the 2012 Psychology and Aging study, ______. A. Entertaining games are ineffective in preventing memory loss. B Rational (理性) thinking declines with age despite training. C. Deliberate mental stimulation can enhance reasoning ability. D. Naturally gifted individuals benefit from cognitive training. 天津一中2024-2025-2高二年级 英语学科期中质量调查试卷 第Ⅱ卷 五、根据所给的中英文释义和首字母完成单词拼写 51. The human brain has an astonishing c______ (the ability to do something; the amount something can hold) to learn and adapt, even in the face of great challenges.(根据首字母单词拼写) 52. In her speech, the scientist c______ (引用) several new studies to support her argument about climate change. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 53. His early r______ (the act of refusing or not accepting something) by the art community only fueled his determination to prove his talent. (根据首字母单词拼写) 54. The ancient city is known for its unique combination of modern design and traditional a______. (建筑) (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 55. True f______ (a feeling of satisfaction) often comes not from material success, but from meaningful relationships and personal growth. (根据首字母单词拼写) 56. Her performance in the final round was absolutely s______ (excellent; of the highest quality) and she got a big round of applause. (根据首字母单词拼写) 57. A little c______ (sympathy or concern for others’ suffering) in our daily lives can go a long way in making the world a better place. (根据首字母单词拼写) 58. His lifelong f______ (strong interest) with the stars led him to become an astronomer. (根据首字母单词拼写) 59. In the past decade, digital technology has come to d______ (to control or have power over something) nearly every aspect of our lives. (根据首字母单词拼写) 60. A statue was built in the town square to c______ (to honor or remember someone officially) the heroes who had sacrificed their lives for peace. (根据首字母单词拼写) 六、写作 61. 假设你是晨光中学的李津，近年来，露营活动越来越流行，人们走进自然、拥抱自然，学校的英语公众号正在举办the Charm of Camping的征文活动，请你写一篇稿件，内容包括： 1)露营活动受到人们的喜爱； 2)分析该现象产生的原因；(根据饼状图所示，选择2-3个原因分析) 3)鼓励大家去露营。 要求： 1)词数不少于100； 2)可以适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。 The Charm of Camping ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$