Unit 2 Out of this world Grammar and usage主语从句课件 -2024-2025学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第三册

a noun, noun phrase or pronoun representing the person or thing ① that performs the action of the verb ②about which sth is stated ③in a passive sentence, that is affected by the action of the verb I sat down. The house is very old. The tree was blown down in the storm. Lead in Underline the subjects of the following sentences. 1. David arrived last night. 2. How can we improve our English? 3. Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time. 4. To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work. 5. What has happened proves that our policy is right. 6. How we improve English is an important question. 1. What do the subjects of the last two sentences have incommon?2. What is the difference in word order between the second and the last? Subject clauses (主语从句) 在复合句中，如作主语的是一个从句，该从句被称为主语从句。主语从句必须用陈述语序。 Definition Do you know what they are? FAST (Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope) 500米口径球面射电望远镜，也被称为“中国天眼” Galileo telescope Exploring the rules 在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中的语法作用，又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 在复合句中，如作主语的是一个从句，该从句被称为主语从句。主语从句须用陈述语序，单个从句做主语，主句谓语动词一般用单数。 从属连词：that，whether，if 连接代词：what，which，who，whom，whose， whatever，whichever，whoever， whomever 连接副词：when，where，why，how 根据连接词的语法功能将其分为从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。 主语从句的连接词 What sentence elements do conjunctions serve as? 连词充当什么句子成分？ A conjunction does not serve as any sentence element, but only serves as a connection. 连词不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。 Whether he will come or not is not known yet. It's uncertain whether/ if he'll come this evening. 1. that 2. whether/ if That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes. whether 不做成分，表意思“是否”。 从属连词: that/ whether/ if that 不充当句子成分，无语义，只起连接作用，不能省略。 名词性从句的关联词及其用法如下： 用法总结 二、whether/if 引导的主语从句 whether/if在从句中不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用，意为“是否”。 1.①. _________ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. ②. It’s uncertain __________ he’ll come this evening. ③. What he is not sure is _________ you will leave. ④. He doesn’t know _____________ you will leave. 小结1. 主语从句位于句首时，用whether； 主语从句位于句尾时，用whether/ if; 小结2. 表语从句、同位语从句用 whether ; 小结3. 宾语从句中用whether/ if Whether whether/ if whether whether/ if ★结论五 1.whether/if在从句中不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用，意为“是否”。 1).主语从句位于句首时，用whether； 主语从句位于句尾时，用whether/ if ； 2).表语从句、同位语从句用 whether ； 3).宾语从句中用whether/ if ； 4).名词性从句中有or或or not 时，用whether ； 5).条件状语从句用 if. 2.whether和if的区别： What sentence elements do pronoun serve as? 代词充当什么句子成分？ A conjunction does not serve as any sentence element, but only serves as a connection. 疑问代词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语等。 Who will be sent there has not been decided. What you need is more practice. Whoever comes first will get a free book. Whatever he did was right. 主语 宾语 主语 宾语 表语 连接代词: who、whoever、whom、whose、what、 whatever、which、whichever 连接代词通常在主语从句中充当成分 It doesn't matter what it turns out to be. Which one is the best is not clear . 连接代词: what、which、who、whoever、whom、whose、 whatever、whichever What subjects you will have depends on what day of the week it is. what、which、whose兼有形容词特征，可以和名词连用，作定语。 表意思“什么”（what）;有范围限制的“哪一个”（which）； 有所属关系的“谁的”（whose）。 Whichever team gains the most points wins. Whose suggestion we should adapt depends on weather 定语 连接代词 what(ever) (无论)什么 主语、宾语、表语、定语 which(ever) (无论)哪一个 主语、宾语、定语 who(ever) (无论)谁 主语、宾语、表语 whom 谁 宾语 whose 谁的 定语 ★结论六 连接代词 指人/指物 在名词性从句中充当的成分 who/ whoever what/ whatever whose which 人 物 人的 物的 主语、宾语、表语 主语、宾语、表语 定语 定语 When they will come hasn't been made public. Where he has gone is a question. Why there is gravity is hard to understand. How he can earn a living in Britainremains a big problem. 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 方式状语 连接副词: when, why, where, how it作形式主语 主语从句常用 it 作形式主语放句首,从句为真正的主语，放在句末，使句子更平衡。 1. It+be+ 形容词 +that从句 常用句型 clear, obvious, necessary, possible, likely,... It is clear that the girl told a lie. 2. It + be + 名词词组 +that从句 a pity, no wonder, a shame, a good idea... It is a pity that he missed such an interesting film. 3. It + be+ 过去分词 + that从句 believed, said, reported,thought, suggested... It is suggested that the lab building (should) be built next year. It is said that he is the best student in the class. 表示命令，建议，请求，坚持的从句中要用虚拟语气（ordered,suggested,required,advised) 4. It + seem, happen, appear, occur to 等不及物动词 + that 从句 It appears that they have made the same mistake. It happened that I was out that day. 6. What we need ______ more books. 1. Who won the match _____ still unknown. 5. What she lacks ______ experience. 2. What you said ______ perfectly true. 3. When and why he will leave there _____ unknown. 4. What you said and what you did ______all right. was was is were is were 谓语动词的数 一个主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。 多个主语从句后的谓语动词用复数形式。 what引导的主语从句，谓语动词的数由后面的表语决定。 1. Whether the patient will be taken ______ unknown. 2. When and where the patient will be taken _____ unknown. 3. When the task can be finished and whether he can have a rest ________ unknown. 4. What he wants most _________ staying with his family. What they need _______ masks(口罩). 一个主语从句后的谓语动词一般用_______ 一个主语从句的几个方面谓语动词用 ____ 多个主语从句后的谓语动词用____ what引导的主语从句，谓语动词的数由______决定 单数 单数 复数 表语 is is are is are 即时训练 用be动词的适当形式填空 依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。 所谓“缺什么补什么”是指从句与连词之间的关系。 如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what。 如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what。 如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where。 原因状语用why；方式状语用how。 如缺定语用what,whose或which。 如什么都不缺用that，Whether(表“是否”)。 做题原则 主语从句的解题步骤 01 解题步骤一——划从句 ①划从句 It is uncertain __________ he is still alive. _________ killed the scientist remains a mystery. ________ can't kill you will make you stronger. It’s a pity __________ you didn’t attend the meeting. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (1) V1 ________ V2 (2) ________ V1 V2 ( ) ( ) 一句一主谓，两谓一连词，无连用非谓 解题步骤二——补残缺 ②补残缺 不缺成分 缺成分 连接代词（what, who, which, whom, wh-ever, whose） 缺意思 不缺意思 是否if/whether 状语 when/why/where/how that 缺什么意思，就填什么词！ 补齐残缺 It is uncertain __________ he is still alive _________ killed the scientist remains a mystery. ________ can't kill you will make you stronger It’s a pity __________ you didn’t attend the meeting. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) whether that What Who 五年高考.三年模拟 (2021新高考1，56)_______is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. (2017北京，23) Every year, _________makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. (2016江苏，21)It is often the case __________anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. (2021广东七校联考，37)_______they found was that expressing and receiving appreciation increased happiness for both side. (2021辽宁新高考联合调研，38)It seemed ______he had no car, no home and no job. (2021黑龙江双鸭山一中月考，67)____________is responsible for the car accident is still under investigation. What whoever Who that What that Ⅰ.单句填空 1.________is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. 2.It is a pity______we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. 3. _________caused the accident is still a mystery. 4. _________ is said that he has gone to Shanghai. (=He is said to have gone to Shanghai.) 5.It is known to all_______   gunpowder was first invented by the Chinese. It that What It that Applying the rules 6.__________the factory will employ more new workers is true. 7.__________the witness said was true. 8. Every year, ________makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 9. ________the boy distracts frequently in class is what his teacher wants to know. 10._________the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. That What whoever Why When 使用 what... 句式 你需要知道的是 你需要注意的是 令我印象深刻的是 令我激动的是 众所周知 公认 事实是... 很可能... ...很荣幸 ....不可否认 It's well known that ... It's well acknowledged that... It's a fact that ... It's likely that... It's an honor that... It is no denying that... Classification （词组分类） 某人的收获 what I learned in class is that 描述活动带来的感受 what impressed me most was that What was really exciting was that It is an honor that 实战演练：主语从句应用于写作 composition： 假如你是李华，你的朋友Mike对中国作家莫言很感兴趣，请你为他介绍一下莫言。 要点： 1. 首位获诺奖作家，对中国形象，国人心理影响。 2. 莫言网上、书店的书最近销售一空，引发读书热潮。 3. 对中国文学的推动作用,引发外国对中国文学的关注。 Key sentences: 1. ______________________ (众所周知) Moyan won the Nobel prize for literature. 2.The reason why we are so happy _______ Moyan is the first Chinese writer to win the Nobel Prize . 3.__________________ (据说) Moyan’s books have been sold out in many book stores recently. 4. _____________________ (可以想象)more and more people will be interested in reading and writing. 5. _______________________(我坚信) Chinese people will win Nobel Prizes in every category in the future. 要点： 1. 首位获诺奖作家，对中国形象，国人心理影响。 2. 莫言网上、书店的书最近销售一空，引发读书热潮。 3. 对中国文学的推动作用,引发外国对中国文学的关注。 It is said that It is known to all that It can be imagined that is that What I believe is that 1. Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge. 2. If she’s coming or not doesn’t matter much. 3. That the professor said is of great importance. That that 虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。 Whether if, whether 都可表示“是否”, 但 if 不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句,它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语it的主语从句。 主语从句常见错误 What that 引导主语从句时无词义。What the professor said 表示“教授所说的”。 1. 无论谁最后离开房间，都应该把灯关掉。 __________________________ ought to turn off the lights. 2. 他昨天为什么来这里是个秘密。 　_________________________ is a secret. 3. 我们不知道杰克什么时候能完成这本书的翻译。 _____________________________________ is unknown to us. 4. 飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。 _______________________ when the plane is to take off. 5. 很遗憾你不能参加我的生日聚会。 _____________ you can't attend my birthday party. Whoever leaves the room last Why he came here yesterday When Jack will finish translating the book It has not been announced It is a pity that Translate 4. Where will the trees be planted has not been decided. 5. No matter who breaks the rule will be punished. 6. When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question. 将 will 置于 trees 之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。 Whoever 引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用 whoever。 remains 主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。 主语从句在写作中的运用 part5 Classification （词组分类） 描述大家都知道的事情 It’s known to us all that/ What we all know is that It is acknowledged that It is a fact that It is no denying that Classification （词组分类） 描述可能的事情 It's very likely that 告知某人要做的/注意的事情 what you need to know is that what you should pay attention to is that what I'm going to tell you is that what… is/was…(that 从句) ______________________________________________ ____________________________and that she brings me a lot of happiness and courage. 我从她身上学到的是她非常乐观、有活力而且给我带来了许多快乐和勇气。 What I learn from her is that she is quite optimistic and energetic Do you know what they are? FAST (Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope) 500米口径球面射电望远镜，也被称为“中国天眼” Galileo telescope Exploring the rules Below is a newspaper feature article on the use of telescopes to explore space. Find the sentences with subject clauses. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1. That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes, … 2. Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved, but the signs are promising... 3. It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that developing the required technology will help astronomers all over the world make exciting discoveries. 4. How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination. that whether it 1. 重大突破 2. 基于地面的 3. 扮演关键角色 4. 环绕其它恒星 5. 迹象是光明的 6.也开发先进的望远镜 major breakthrough ground-based play a crucial role orbit other stars signs are promising develop advanced telescopes as well 7.创造性的 8.单口径射电望远镜 9.极端灵敏 10.发现交流信号 11.重要工具 12.仅仅被想象所限制 innovative the single-dish radio telescope extraordinary sensibility detect communication signals crucial tools be merely limited by imagination For thousands of years, people have looked to the starry sky and wondered what, or who, is out there. In the early 1600s, Galileo was the first to use his telescope to explore the sky and since then, telescopes have continually improved. 几千年来，人们仰望星空，想知道外面有什么，或者有什么人。17世纪早期，伽利略是第一个使用望远镜探索天空的人，从那时起，望远镜不断得到改进。 One major breakthrough came in 1990, when the Hubble Space Telescope was launched. That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes, and it allows scientists to learn more about the universe. Hubble observations have played a crucial role in the discovery of the mysterious dark energy. 一个重大突破出现在1990年，当时哈勃太空望远镜发射升空。哈勃望远镜位于太空中，这使它比地面望远镜看得更远，也使科学家能够更多地了解宇宙。哈勃望远镜的观测在发现神秘暗能量的过程中发挥了至关重要的作用。 Hubble was followed by the Kepler Space Telescope in 2009. Kepler’s scientific goal is to search for Earth-size planets orbiting other stars. Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved, but the signs are promising: Kepler has detected many suitable planets that are almost the same size as the Earth. 继哈勃之后，开普勒太空望远镜于2009年升空。开普勒的科学目标是寻找围绕其他恒星运行的地球大小的行星。其他行星上是否存在生命还有待证实，但这些迹象是有希望的:开普勒已经探测到许多与地球大小几乎相同的适宜行星。 In recent years, China has developed advanced telescopes as well. One example is the innovative FAST, which is the largest single-dish radio telescope in the world. With a dish the size of 30 football fields, FAST is able to carry out observations with extraordinary sensitivity. One of its scientific goals is to detect communication signals between the stars in the universe. 近年来，中国也开发了先进的望远镜。其中一个例子就是创新的FAST，它是世界上最大的单碟射电望远镜。FAST拥有30个足球场大小的天线，能够以非凡的灵敏度进行观测。它的科学目标之一是探测宇宙中恒星之间的通信信号。 It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that developing the required technology will help astronomers all over the world make exciting discoveries. How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination. 很明显，望远镜是太空探索的关键工具，发展所需的技术将有助于全世界的天文学家做出令人兴奋的发现。我们能从望远镜中了解到多少仅仅是受限于我们的想象力。 B1 Circle the mistakes and correct them in the blanks. 1 The space mission went so well was beyond our expectations. 谓 主 That the space mission went so well was beyond our expectations. Applying the rules 主从为 陈述句，不缺成分，不缺意义，用that来引导 2 Whether they are able to grow more vegetables depend on how much time it takes. 谓 主 单个从句做主语，主句谓语用三单。 Whether they are able to grow more vegetables depends on how much time it takes. 3 It was not clear how long he will stay on the space station. 主 从句时态应与主句保持一致 It is not clear how long he would stay on the space station. 4 What the lunar probe did not land was a worry for the people back on the Earth. 主 主从为陈述句，不缺成分和意义 That the lunar probe did not land was a worry for the people back on the Earth. 5 That makes the Chinese people happy is that China has successfully launched a space rocket. 主 主从缺主语，指“...的东西” What makes the Chinese people happy is that China has successfully launched a space rocket. 谓 谓 The passage below is about the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program. Complete the passage with the correct subject clauses in the box below. There is one clause you do NOT need to use. Write the letters in the blanks. P21 B2 e b a c Fill in the table below about the major achievements of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program. Spacecraft Time of launch Major achievements Chang’e 1 (1)________________ (2)_____________________________________________________ Chang’e 2 (3)_______________ (4)______________________________________________________ Chang’e 3 (5)________________ (6)___________________________ Chang’e 4 (7)________________ (8)___________________________ ____________________________ Chang’e 5 (9)________________ (10)__________________________ ___________________________ In October 2007 In October 2010 In December 2013 In January 2019 In December 2020 It successfully orbited and scanned the Moon. It completed a more detailed scan of the Moon. It achieved soft landing on the Moon. It succeeded in landing on the far side of the Moon. It successfully collected and returned lunar samples. Write down your prediction about the development of space exploration, using subject clauses. Possible answer: It is clear that many exciting things will happen in the development of space exploration in the future . I think manned space missions to Mars will happen in my lifetime and a permanent base on Mars will also be established . Hopefully , new energy sources will be developed , which will make space flight cheaper and faster. But how soon and how far we advance in developing the required technology to do so depends on the collaboration between the many countries around the world . It is possible that the technology will be available before 2040 and I am looking forward to that. $$