Unit2No Rules, No Order 知识清单 2024-2025学年人教版（2024）七年级英语下册

Unit2 No Rules, No Order“无规矩，不成方圆” 一. 词形转换 noise [名词]声音；噪声 → noisy [形容词]吵闹的；嘈杂的 quiet [形容词]轻声的；安静的→quietly [副词]轻声地;安静地 polite [形容词]有礼貌的→politely [副词]有礼貌地→impolite [形容词]不礼貌的→impolitely [副词]不礼貌地 happy[形容词]快乐的；高兴的 → unhappy不快乐的；不高兴的→happily [副词]快乐地，高兴地→unhappily[副词]不快乐地，不高兴地 practise [动词]训练；练习→practice[名词]练习；实践 good [形容词]好的→ （比较级）better[形容词]较好的；[副词]较好地 build [动词]创建 ; 建造→building [名词]建筑物 relax [动词]放松；休息→relaxing [形容词]令人放松的；令人轻松的（主语是物）→relaxed [形容词]放松的；轻松的（主语是人） tidy [形容词]整洁的；整齐的→ untidy[形容词]不整洁的 二. 短语积累 shool rules 校规 迟到 （be） late for 准时 on time 不得不 have to 当然 of course 手机 mobile phone 关掉（水、电或煤气）turn off 插队 jump the queue 缺席（be） absent from 整理床铺;铺床make sb.'s/the bed 闲逛;常去某处hang out 集中（注意力、精力等）于focus on 思考;考虑think about 遵守规则follow rules 制造噪声make noise 保持安静keep quiet 太多规则too many rules 在周末 at weekends 在工作日on weekdays 许多种类的 many kinds of 匆忙去学校hurry to school 练习钢琴/小提琴practise the piano/the violin 树立校风build school spirit 变得不整洁get untidy 完成某人的作业finish one's homework 举手put up your hand 玩得开心、过得愉快have fun 穿校服wear the school uniform 对……友好be kind/friendly to 系上安全带put on the seat belt 和……打架fight with 等待轮到某人wait one's turn 与……和睦相处get along well with 三. 用法集萃 1.arrive,get to和reach辨析 共同点：三个都译为“到达”。区别如下： ①arrive后面可以直接接地点副词。但是不能直接接地点名词，要借助介词in或at才可以，arrive in+大地点，arrive at+小地点 例；arrive here/there/home“到达这里/那里/家。[here/there/home是地点副词] arrive in China “到达中国” arrive at the school“到达学校” ②get to+地点，不分大小地点。例：get to China/the school ③reach+地点。例：reach China/the school 2.lend sb sth“借给某人某物”=lend sth to sb“把某物借给某人” 例：I can lend you my pen=I can lend my pen to you. 3.Would you like sth?“你想要的某物吗？” 肯定回答：Yes, please.“是的，请。” 否定回答：No, thanks/thank you.“不，谢谢” 4.区别bring “带来，拿来”和take“带走，拿走” ①bring,指把某人/某物从远的地方带到说话者所在的地方，常考搭配为bring…to…“把……带来/到……”， [由远及近] ②take，指把某人/某物从说话者所在的地方带到别的地方，常考搭配为take…to… “把……带去/到……”， [由近及远] 例：We mustn't bring our mobile phones to class。我们不能把我们的手机带到课堂上来。 例：Mom:Take this book to your teacher 妈妈：把这本书带去给你的老师。 5.turn off “关闭（水、电、煤气等）”考点解析 turn off是“动词+副词” 短语，代词作宾语只能放中间，名词作宾语可放中间也可放后边。 例：We have to turn them off。“我们必须关闭它们”[them是宾格代词，只能放在turn 和off的中间] 6.Thanks/Thank you for sth “谢谢你的……” 和 Thanks/Thank you for doing sth.“谢谢你做……” 例： Thanks for the book. 谢谢你的书。 例： Thanks for helping me. 谢谢你帮我。 7.There be 句型考点解析 There be意为“某时/某地有某人/某物”，考点注意：be 动词的形式取决于后面的名词的单复数形式。注意，如果后面有多个名词，be动词形式取决于离它最近的名词 [即“就近原则”]。 例：There are too many rules in my life!我生活中有太多规则。 There is a book and two pens on the desk.书桌上有一本书和两支钢笔。 8.help sb (to) do sth “帮助某人做某事” They can help you to become a better person.他们能帮助你成为一个更好的人。 9.need to do sth“需要做某事” You need to focus on learning.你需要专心学习。 四. 本课语法焦点：使用祈使句和情态动词表达规则 （一）祈使句 1.定义：祈使句是用来表示叮嘱、劝告、请求或命令等的句子。 祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但往往省略。为了表示礼貌，经常在祈使句句首或句末加please，句末用 please 时，前面通常加逗号。 例：Please stand up. Stand up,please. 2.祈使句句型：肯定句、否定句 肯定祈使句 ① Do型：动词原型+其他 【即 动词原形开头】 例：Walk in the hallway.在走廊上走！ ② Be型：Be +名词/形容词+其他 【即 Be动词开头】 例：Be quiet,please! 请保持安静 ! ③ Let型：Let +动词原型+其他 【即 Let开头】 例：Let him go ! 让他走 ! 否定祈使句 ① Don't型：在肯定祈使句句首加Don't，译为“不要” 例：Don't walk in the hallway! 不要在走廊上走！ Don't be quiet,please! 请不要保持安静 ! Don’t let him go！不要让他走！ 注意：Let型祈使句的否定句还有另一种形式： Let+宾语+not+动词原形+（其他） 例：“不要让他走！”也可以表达为：Let him not go！ ② No型：No+名词或动词ing形式，译为“禁止、不准” [此类型常见于公共场合] 例：No smoking! 禁止吸烟 No photos! 禁止拍照 （二）情态动词 1.定义：情态动词表示说话人的语气，如请求、许可、愿望、义务、可能等。常见的情态动词有：may（可以，可能） 、can（能，会）、should（应该）、would（将，会）、must（必须）等。 注意：have to”不得不“是一个半情态动词。原因有二： ①它后边动词用原形 例：We have to eat in the dining hall.我们必须在餐厅吃。 ②它在句子中的形式要根据句子主语人称和数的变化而变化，它还要跟着句子时态的变化而变化。 She has to eat in the dining hall.她必须在餐厅吃。 2.情态动词的特点 ①情态动词后接动词原形 [即“情态动词+动词原形”] 例：I can swim. ②情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化。 例：I can swim. He can swim. ③有的情态动词没有时态的变化，有的有时态的变化。 can——过去式：could will——过去式：would 五. 范文 单元话题：A.描述自己生活中得遵守的规则；B.给抱怨生活中要守规则的人提出自己的建议 A(描述规则类的) Dear Dr Know, Can you help me? I have to follow too many rules at home and at school. I have to clean my room every day, and I can’t let my desk get untidy. At school, I mustn’t wear my own clothes. I mustn’t wear my favourite cap either. After school, I can watch TV, but only after I finish my homework, walk the dog, and do lots of other things! I can't even relax at weekends, because I must practise the violin every day! I never have fun. What can I do? Yours, Eric B（提建议类的） Dear Eric, I know it can be difficult to follow many rules. But rules are good for us. You have to clean your room every day because a clean room can make you feel good. You mustn't let your desk get untidy because you need to focus on learning. You can't wear your own clothes or your cap. That shows respect for your class and teacher and the uniform builds school spirit. You have to do lots of things before you can watch TV because you are a member of the family. You should do some things at home. You say you have to practise the violin at weekends. That can help you become a better person. I know it's hard, but rules can make us and the world better. Learn to understand them. Remember:No rules, no order! Best, Dr Know Unit2 第2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$