专题10 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题好题速递20篇）（人教版）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年八年级英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

阅读理解（说明文）（20篇） 目录 1.（23-24八年级下·北京顺义·期末）介绍了植物之间的交流方式。 1 2.（23-24八年级下·北京通州·期末）主要讲述了如何合理安排上网时间。 3 3.（23-24八年级下·北京昌平·期末）介绍了随着科技的进步，未来学校是什么样子的。 5 4.（23-24八年级下·北京房山·期末）主要告诉我们如何应对生活和学习中的压力。 7 5.（23-24八年级下·北京东城·期末）介绍了独自旅行以及和朋友旅行的优点。 8 6.（23-24八年级下·北京东城·期末）介绍了科学家们研究了18000多个癌症样本的完整基因信息。他们发现了有关突变模式或变化的新信息，这可以帮助医生提供更好的治疗。 10 7.（23-24八年级下·北京朝阳·期末）介绍了晕动症的症状、患病原理、患病几率以及特殊治疗方法。 12 8.（23-24八年级下·浙江金华·期末）介绍了英国中学生家庭作业的情况，包括作业时间、完成方式、教师反馈以及家长参与等方面，同时也指出了部分家长对孩子学习支持不足的问题。 14 9.（23-24八年级下·浙江杭州·期末）介绍了吉他的历史和发展。 16 10.（23-24八年级下·浙江杭州·期末）科学技术在人们生活中的应用，它不仅帮助人们生活得更加舒适，而且还帮助拯救濒危动物。 17 11.（23-24八年级下·浙江杭州·期末）本文主要介绍了自言自语的好处。 19 12.（23-24八年级下·浙江杭州·期末）介绍了散步是很好的运动。 21 13.（23-24八年级下·浙江宁波·期末）介绍了什么是PUA，以及如何避免PUA。 22 14.（23-24八年级下·浙江宁波·期末）介绍了一种文字转视频的工具——Sora，可以为我们提供一种制作视频的新方法。 24 15.（23-24八年级下·湖北省直辖县级单位·期末）主要讲了人们做运动的三个重要原因：运动是锻炼的一种方式、教会年轻人与人交际、团队合作以及让人们离开家去感受外面世界。最后告诉我们运动能帮你成为一个更好更快乐的人。 26 16.（23-24八年级下·湖北武汉·期末）介绍英雄的三个特征。 28 17.（23-24八年级下·湖北·期末）讲述了鸟类利用人造材料建巢穴这一现象。 29 18.（23-24八年级下·湖北武汉·期末）介绍了Gordon Hempton，他认为噪音污染使人们更难听到大自然的安静声音，他创建的组织通过测试声音水平和鼓励游客认识到安静的重要性来识别和保护自然声景。 31 19.（23-24八年级下·湖北武汉·期末）介绍了一个音乐新项目Sounds Right，即把大自然中的声音与音乐融合，带来了巨大的成功。 34 20.（23-24八年级下·重庆九龙坡·期末）介绍了唐昌布鞋的制作，包括制鞋材料和制鞋过程。 36 1.（23-24八年级下·北京顺义·期末） Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other. It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals (化学物质) to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant gets attacked (攻击) by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I’m being attacked!” When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps (黄蜂)! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops. More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chili (辣椒)plants do this. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water. Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi (霉菌). It links the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web. Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. 1．When plants are attacked by insects, they will_________. A．produce chemicals as a warning or a call for help B．send out chemicals to humans to ask for help C．control the wasps to kill the insects D．kill the insects by themselves 2．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．How Plants Give Warnings B．The Secret Language of Plants C．Why Scientists Do Research about Plants D．The Study about the Plant Warning System 2.（23-24八年级下·北京通州·期末） It can be easy to spend a lot of time online, but it is important for you to know how often and why you go online. It can help you work out a healthier and happier balance (平衡) with time offline. Being online should improve our lives, not control them. If you always feel you need to check your mobile phones, it is probably time to take a break. Too much time online can make your study more difficult and it is bad for your health. It is important to remember that if you are constantly taking photos or chatting online, it can be hard to keep track of what is going on around you. This might have a serious influence on your connections with the people beside you, even if you don’t want to make them feel like you are not interested in them. Take breaks from the apps (应用程序) and games. You don’t need to stop using them, just trying turning off notifications during study hours, or setting time limits. You can consider which online activities you can do offline. Take a careful look at what online activities can become offline activities. For example, an online game can become in-person with a friend or family member instead. Of course, not everything has to be offline or online all the time. It is good for you to set boundaries (界限) with your friends. If your friend calls you in the middle of the night, or messages you when you are doing your homework, and you don’t see their messages until you are back online. Habits can be hard to break, but we can retrain our brains. Sometimes, just paying attention to the possible influences can help us know when it is time to make some changes. Talk with someone about it. Talking about how you feel with a family member or your friend may help you work out a plan for breaking old habits. They can also encourage you to stick to the plan. 1．You may spend too much time online when you ________. A．take breaks from online games B．keep checking your mobile phone for messages C．take a few photos with your mobile phone D．turn on notifications after you finish your homework 2．The words “keep track of” in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to ________. A．manage to stay away from B．decide to agree with C．remember to wait for D．continue to know about 3．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．it is easier for us to stop using apps when we have more time B．online activities bring us more in-person connections than offline activities C．conversations about boundaries with friends help us have less online time D．it is important to pay attention to the possible influences of setting time limits 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A．Get to Know Others’ Online Habits B．Enjoy Your Online Activities C．Stick to Your Online Plan D．Manage Your Time Online 3.（23-24八年级下·北京昌平·期末） The classroom environment has kept up with new technologies. First, we had blackboards and chalk. Then whiteboards and markers. Now we have interactive (交互的) whiteboards. From big, heavy televisions that were wheeled between classrooms, to flat do-it-all screens. So, what could the school of the future look like? Improved courses Different from the old-school traditions in English, math, social studies and science, we’ll have more meaningful and colorful courses. Instead of limiting students’ choices, teachers can let students choose whatever they like according to their interests and needs for their future career. Schools can create more opportunities for students to get useful skills through real-world practice, like cooking, money management, fixing the computer and gardening. Students will develop their deep thinking, problem-solving and communication skills through these courses. The classroom environment For the school of the future, there will be no need to fight with heavy curtains or dust-covered blinds. And we’ll have smart glass. Windows can change their color to make up for light outside, protecting both our eyes and screens. As summers get hotter and winters become warmer and wetter, air-conditioned classrooms will become common. And they will be cleaner and more environment-friendly, with built-in air cleaners to remove bad stuff and dust from the air. Augmented (增强的) reality and AI Adaptive (适应的) learning systems driven by Artificial Intelligence (AI) have become part of schools by 2050. These systems will give each student a special learning plan based on how they can learn better and will offer leveled tests depending on how the student is doing. AI may be also used to analyse (分析) students’ work, helping teachers understand which students need more help on weak lessons before they fall behind. Students will be able to get teachers’ advice quickly, with what needed to be improved and more personal guidance, fit for a student’s advantages and weaknesses. Undoubtedly, the biggest development we’ve seen in recent years has been in great progress in technology, so we can be quite certain that it has the ability to change schools over the next 20 or 30 years. 1．The writer may advise students to take the courses that ________. A．focus on useful skills B．create the opportunities C．help with classroom environment D．improve their English and science 2．What can we know about future schools according to the passage? A．Windows can change the light color to protect eyes. B．Technology can completely change the future school. C．The classroom will be warmer and wetter than before. D．Students can receive more guided help from teachers. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage teachers to use AI to improve teaching. B．To suggest more possible ways of developing technology. C．To introduce how technology will change the future school. D．To show the importance of technology in changing future school. 4.（23-24八年级下·北京房山·期末） We have more or less trouble to face in our life. These things may give you too much stress (精神压力) which is bad for your development. What can you do to solve this kind of problem? As a student, managing all the schoolwork and getting good grades are at the top of your stress list. You have a large amount of schoolwork to do every day. Although your scores are not terrible, you may still worry that you are not as high as you have expected. Why not make a daily or weekly plan in such a case? In this way, you can save more time to study and even avoid being too tired by taking some breaks. Don’t be too strict with yourself. Just do what you can do. If you meet something beyond (超越) your ability, just go to your teacher for help—pick his or her brain or make any questions you don’t understand clear. Have you ever been anxious about not having many friends in school or not being in the same class with your best friends? Having a bad relationship (关系) with new classmates is also our common stress. It is important to choose your circle of friends. Don’t hide yourself in your own world and try to make friends when you participate in after-school activities. Make plans to meet your friends from other classes during break time. Know that everyone is different—do not compare yourself with others. You’ll be less stressed that way. Unhealthy eating habits and lack (缺乏) of sleep can also lead to stress. You are what you eat. Make healthy food choices that you can enjoy. Set a certain time to go to bed every night. Don’t play computer or mobile games before you sleep. Do see a doctor if your sleeping problem continues. The more successfully you deal with your stress, the better you will feel about yourself. Try out the above advice right away. 1．Which is the most stressful for a student according to the passage? A．Dealing with schoolwork and getting high scores. B．Not getting along well with new classmates. C．Failure to have enough friends in school. D．Poor eating habits and short of sleep. 2．From the passage we can learn that________. A．a monthly study plan will help us get higher marks B．we should always solve study problems on our own C．it’s good to be open and friendly in after-school activities D．setting a time limit on using mobile phones is necessary 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．Introduction to common stress. B．Suggestions for making friends. C．Ways of developing good habits. D．Solutions to different stress in life. 5.（23-24八年级下·北京东城·期末） Do you like to travel alone? Or do you think it is better to travel with friends? If you are still deciding, please read on. I will explain the advantages of both ways. One of the greatest things about traveling alone is that you can make the rules about where you go and what you eat. You will be surprised at what you discover about yourself without any influence. Traveling alone really shows you what you are made of and helps you to discover inner strength you didn’t know you had. Besides, it also gives you time to think, learn and grow. It’s easy to think that traveling alone is lonely. Although that may sometimes be true, you are hardly ever alone. It can provide a chance for you to communicate with the locals and meet travelers from all corners of the world, which may become your most interesting experience. In fact, travelling to know more about the world is not easy. There is research to be done, flights to be booked and choices to be made, not to mention that things might go wrong. One of the main advantages of traveling with friends is being able to share these things and support each other through the process, even if it’s just someone who will wait with your bag when you go to the bathroom. Just as your mother always says, it’s true that traveling with others can give you a sense of safety, especially if you are new to travel. You know that if you get lost or have your wallet stolen, there’s someone to hold your hand when you try to explain your situation at a foreign police station. There is no right or wrong way to travel. Whether you travel alone or team up with friends, it depends on you. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic of the passage in Paragraph 1? A．By telling a story. B．By giving examples. C．By asking questions. D．By describing a scene. 2．Traveling with friends has the following advantages EXCEPT ________. A．sharing a lot of things B．knowing yourself better C．getting support easily D．having a sense of safety 3．Which is the main idea of the passage? A．The advantages of travelling alone. B．The advantages of travelling with friends. C．The advantages of travelling alone and travelling with friends. D．The advantages and disadvantages of making a travel plan. 6.（23-24八年级下·北京东城·期末） Scientists have studied the full genetic (基因的) information of more than 18,000 cancer samples. They found new information about the patterns of mutations (突变) , or changes, which could help doctors provide better treatment. Their study, which appeared recently in the publication Science, is not the first to do such a complete genetic study of cancer samples. But no one has ever used such a large sample size. Serena Nik-Zainal of the University of Cambridge was part of the team that did the research. She said this was “the largest cohort (群体) in the world. It is extraordinary.” Over 12,000 samples in the study came from patients recruited (招募) by Britain’s National Health Service. They were part of a project to study whole genomes (基因组) from people with common cancers and rare diseases. The rest of the data came from existing cancer data sets. Researchers were able to study such a large number because of the same improvements in technology that recently permitted scientists to complete the map of the entire human genome. Andrew Futreal, a genomic expert at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, was not involved in the study. He said the study gave scientists some knowledge of the destructive (破坏性的) forces that caused cancer. Cancer is a disease of the genome or full set of instructions for running cells. It happens when changes in a person’s DNA cause cells to grow and divide uncontrollably. DNA is a substance (物质) that carries the genetic information in the cells of living things, like a human. In 2020, there were about 19 million new cancer cases worldwide. For the study, researchers looked at 19 different kinds of cancer in the human body. It identified 58 new “mutational signatures”, or pieces of evidence leading to the causes of cancer. Nik-Zainal said researchers also confirmed 51 of more than 70 previously reported mutation patterns. Some arise (出现) because of problems within a person’s cells; others are caused by ultraviolet (紫外线的) radiation, tobacco smoke, or chemicals. Knowing more of them “helps us to understand each person’s cancer more precisely,” which can help guide treatment, Nik-Zainal said. Genetic sequencing, the process used to study the makeup of a cell, is already being included in cancer care. It is part of the growing move toward personalized medicine, or care based on a patient’s genes and specific disease. Now doctors will have much more information to draw from when they look at individual cancers. To help doctors use this information, researchers developed a computer program that will let them find common mutation patterns and seek out rare ones. Nik-Zainal said doctors could suggest a treatment based on a special pattern. Futreal said the data can also show doctors what tends to happen over time when a patient develops a cancer with a certain mutation pattern. This will help doctors give earlier treatment and hopefully stop the developing disease. 1．Which of the following statement is true? A．Scientists have studied the full genetic information of more than 18,000 cancer samples. B．They found new information about the patterns of mutations, or changes, that could help doctors provide better treatment. C．Their study, which appeared recently in the publication Science, is not the first to do such a complete genetic study of cancer samples. D．All of the above. 2．What can we infer from the passage? A．Cancer is a kind of disease that happens when DNA in cells grow or divide. B．Some cancers arise because of problems within a person’s cells. C．Some cancers are caused by ultraviolet radiation, tobacco smoke, or chemicals. D．Genetic sequencing has been used in medical treatment. 3．Which is the best title of the passage? A．Genetic Information in Cancer. B．A Study of Cancer Genetics to Help with Targeted Treatment. C．A Computer Program in Cancer Genetics. D．A New Treatment in Cancer. 7.（23-24八年级下·北京朝阳·期末） As the weather gets warmer, there are few things that are better to do than travel. But traveling might not be that fun for everyone, especially for those who have motion sickness (晕动症). Motion sickness is also called travel sickness. It is a common experience for many people. Depending on how you travel, it can be called carsickness or seasickness. People with motion sickness feel very uncomfortable while they are in motion. They feel sick and dizzy, like the room around them won’t stop spinning (旋转). It is generally believed that motion sickness happens when your senses become confused (混乱的) with each other. We use different parts of our body to sense movement. Our eyes tell us if we are moving. The inner ears have a special liquid that helps us sense our direction and balance (平衡). Our muscles (肌肉) react to movement. When you move around, these body parts work well together. But when you are in a car or an airplane, they get confused. Your inner ear signals that you’re moving, but your eyes say you’re sitting still because you can’t see that you’re moving. This mismatch gives us motion sickness. About one in three people get motion sickness. Women and children aged two to twelve are most at risk. Some people may even experience motion sickness in certain situations, such as reading in motion, playing video games and watching 3D movies. But some people are less sensitive to motion sickness. This may be because they have certain genes (基因) that stop mismatching senses. Although there are many ways to deal with (处理) motion sickness, I believe that the key is to simply try and adapt (适应) to it. For example, some astronauts do special exercises that give them mild (轻微的) motion sickness. After a week or two, the astronauts become used to it and don’t feel uncomfortable anymore. 1．When motion sickness happens to you, you ________. A．feel uncomfortable, sick and dizzy B．become confused with your senses C．see room around you stop spinning D．know all your body parts work well 2．What does the writer want to tell us in Paragraph 3? A．How our body senses move. B．How motion sickness happens. C．How body parts work together. D．How motion sickness confuses us. 3．What do you know about motion sickness? A．Everyone with motion sickness hates travelling. B．Most women and children have motion sickness. C．Reading in a car may cause our motion sickness. D．Mismatching senses brings us motion sickness. 4．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．it’s difficult to deal with motion sickness B．most astronauts have no motion sickness C．it’s possible to adapt to motion sickness D．mild motion sickness is good for health 8.（23-24八年级下·浙江金华·期末） Few students like it, but homework is an important part of middle school life in the UK. The UK has these government rules for homework: Years 7 and 8 (ages 11 to 13): 45 to 90 minutes per day; Year 9 (ages 14 to 15): 1 to 2 hours a day. Today, many homework tasks are done on a computer—for example, preparing PPT, using the Internet, or doing online tasks. So schools are usually open before and after normal hours. That way, students without computers or Internet at home can use the schools’ facilities (设施). Sometimes students are given “extended (拓展的) learning tasks”. That means they need to do more research and analysis, such as when working on a history or art project. But however big the task is, teachers will always give feedback (反馈). They help students find areas where they can improve. Some schools send students home with a homework diary. They encourage parents to check on their children’s progress. Other schools have a website for parents to track their children’s performance every day. Sadly, not every parent takes that much interest. In a 2011 survey of 1,000 students aged 11 to 18, over one in ten said that they did not have space at home to do homework. Almost 15 percent said that their family did not support them enough. 1．How long should UK students at the age of 11 to 13 do their homework per day? A．Less than 45 minutes. B．45 to 90 minutes. C．60 to 90 minutes. D．1 to 2 hours. 2．If students don’t have a computer at home, how can they finish their online homework? A．They can go to the teacher’s home after school. B．They don’t have to finish their homework. C．They can use the computers at school. D．They can ask their classmates for help. 3．What can we learn from the survey in 2011? A．UK parents took much interest in their children’s studies. B．Over 10 percent of the students had no space at home to do homework. C．Some parents did not know about the government rules. D．The homework diary works very well in the UK. 4．What might the writer agree according to the passage? A．Homework doesn’t play an important role in students’ learning. B．Families should support students’ studies. C．Extended learning tasks make students work for long hours. D．Parents should give homework feedback at once. 9.（23-24八年级下·浙江杭州·期末） The guitar is one of the most popular musical instruments in the world. Many different cultures have played instruments like the guitar for over 3, 000 years. The oldest instrument that we can see today comes from Ancient Egypt. You can see this guitar in a museum in Cairo. It belonged to a singer who sang for the Egyptian queen Hatshepsut. This type of guitar had a long neck and only three strings (弦). The lute is also an ancient instrument similar to a guitar, but it has a short neck and a body like half a pear. It usually had more strings than a guitar and they were in pairs. From 1100 to 1500, travelling singers and story tellers played the lute to go with their songs. Guitars sometimes had pairs of strings like the lute, but the guitar changed over time to use single strings. People used guitars with six single strings for the first time in the 1600s in Italy, but the most important change happened in the 1850s. The Spanish guitar maker Antonio Torres Jurado made the guitar’s body bigger. His idea made the sound of the guitar louder and better. Most of today’s classical guitars follow his design. The first electric guitars appeared in the 1930s. The electric guitars have a solid body and can make many different sounds. We also find them in many different shapes and sizes. Some electric guitars don’t look like guitars at all! 1．Which of the following is a lute? A．B．C． D． 2．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Guitars. B．Sounds. C．Shapes. D．Sizes. 3．In which order did the following happen? a. The first electric guitars appeared. b. People used guitars with six single strings in Italy. c. Antonio Torres Jurado made the guitar’s body bigger. d. Travelling singers played the lute to go with their songs. A．d-b-c-a B．a-c-d-b C．d-a-c-b D．c-d-a-b 4．Why does the writer write the text? A．To discuss the invention of the guitar. B．To introduce the shapes of the guitar. C．To compare the players of the guitar. D．To show the development of the guitar. 10.（23-24八年级下·浙江杭州·期末） Technology is such a big part of our lives today that it is helping in ways we couldn’t have imagined a few years ago. Recently, some new technologies have helped us collect information about wild animals’ behaviour (行为) and movements. In turn, this can help save some kinds of animals from dying out. The African elephant is the world’s largest land animal and there used to be as many as 5 million, but now there are only about 415,000 left. African elephants have to travel a long way to find food. This can cause problems for farmers, who are killing the elephants because they need to protect their land. However, researchers now work with farmers to search elephants closely using a special tool called “smart collar”. It can provide information about where the elephants are. So fat, it has helped save farmers’ land as well as elephants. Like elephants, the number of tigers in the wild is fewer than 4,000 and this number is dropping rapidly because hunters (猎人) are killing them. Researchers are hoping that they can change the situation. Camera traps (陷阱) with special cameras take videos of tigers as they walk past. All tigers have a different and special form of stripes (条纹)—a bit like human fingerprints. Live videos of tigers’ movements allow researchers to find each tiger so that they can follow them for years and protect the places where they live. This lets the tigers live safely without hunters killing them. Besides these, more and more people are sharing pictures and information about illegal (违法的) activities online. It is also helping us keep an eye on them and protect endangered animals. 1．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Using technology in people’s daily lives. B．Learning about animals’ living places. C．Collecting information with technology. D．Sharing videos of wild animals online. 2．What can we know about “smart collar” from the text? A．It helps animals to find food. B．It helps researchers follow animals. C．It controls animals’ movements. D．It makes the number of animals drop. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．There are only about 415,000 tigers left in the wild. B．Elephants are disappearing without enough food to eat. C．Camera traps stopped farmers and tigers from fighting. D．The Internet also plays a role in protecting wild animals. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The useful ways to stop illegal activities. B．The great danger wild animals are facing. C．The importance of technology in our lives. D．The use of technology on animal protection. 11.（23-24八年级下·浙江杭州·期末） ① It can be really awkward (尴尬的) if someone sees you talking to yourself. But don’t feel bad about it! Talking to yourself actually has a lot of benefits. ② When encouragement comes from oneself, it adds to self-confidence (自信). A 2009 study invited 72 tennis players to take part in some matches. Researchers put the players into two groups: one group that said nothing while playing, and the other that talked to themselves while playing. They found that the self-talkers showed more confidence and played better than those in the silent group. ③ Talking to yourself, especially in the third person, can also help us manage bad feelings. “Referring to (指代) yourself in the third person leads people to think about themselves more similar to how they think about others,” said Jason Moser, a professor from Michigan State University, US. This can help us see things more widely, from a different point of view, especially when we’re feeling sad or angry. ④ Self-talk also helps improve memory. Researchers tested four different ways to memorize things: reading silently, reading aloud, listening to someone else read and listening to a recording of oneself reading. Those who read out loud recalled the information the best, researchers said in their study published (发布 ) in the journal Memory. It’s because the information is likely to become a long-term memory if said out loud. 1．What does the word “benefits” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Strange ideas. B．Special needs. C．Healthy ways. D．Good sides. 2．Why does the writer mention (提到) the study in Paragraph 2? A．To make tennis players confident. B．To ask tennis players to keep silent. C．To encourage tennis players to win the matches. D．To show that self-talk helps develop confidence. 3．Which way of self-talk can help people see things more widely? A．“What can Annie do to make the situation better?” B．“You are the strongest person I’ve ever met.” C．“I have tried my best. Just do what I can.” D．“Is there anything we can do for you?” 4．What’s the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 12.（23-24八年级下·浙江杭州·期末） It is recommended (推荐) that people get 150 minutes of exercise a week. That means that a person should exercise for about 30 minutes a day, five days a week. Half an hour of brisk (轻快的) walking can easily help someone meet that need. You don’t need to walk 30 minutes all at a time to start. An expert recommends that beginners start with three short 10-minute walks. Finally, longer walks will become easier. One good point of walking is that you do not need special equipment (装备). You do not even need to go to a special area to walk. Don’t have workout clothes to wear? You are lucky because what you are wearing right now is probably perfect for walking. Many studies show that walking is good for your body. According to a study carried out by Harvard Medical School, brisk walking for 30 minutes can burn over 100 calories (卡路里). Walking also makes your legs strong. Although it may not seem like it, walking is weight training because your legs carry the weight of your upper body whenever you walk. The study also shows that those who walk at least 20 minutes a day, at least five days a week, have 43% fewer sick days than those who exercise once a week or less. And if they do get sick, they become well sooner. Walking is good for your mind. Walks can be taken in quiet places like parks and forests. Walking in these areas can help a person feel calm. Going on a daily walk gives your mind a break from the busy time of each day as well. A good walk lets you clear your mind and makes you feel better. 1．What can we know from the first paragraph? A．People have trouble finding time to walk. B．Longer walks may be hard for beginners. C．Half an hour’s walk every week is enough. D．Walking fast makes the activity enjoyable. 2．What do the findings of the Harvard Medical School’s study show? A．Walking is better than medicine. B．Walking has wonderful results. C．People need to walk at least 60 minutes a day to be healthy. D．Morning is the right time for people to walk. 3．What does the last paragraph tell us about walking? A．It is helpful to one’s mind. B．Walking is good for losing weight. C．It makes one’s body busy. D．It helps save one much money. 4．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To show how often we should walk. B．To show us what to prepare before walking. C．To show us the findings of a famous study. D．To show why walking is great exercise. 13.（23-24八年级下·浙江宁波·期末） ①PUA stands for “Pick-up Artist.” It started as a term for people who use clever ways to influence their interactions (交流) with others, especially between lovers. This idea has grown, and now it also means people use tricks to control others in the workplace and online. It’s very helpful to know about PUA because it can deeply influence how you feel about your development. Here are some common behaviors to be careful. ②Sometimes people who use PUA tricks criticize a lot. They might tell you that you’re always doing things wrong. It is just a way to make you feel sorry about yourself rather than helping you improve. They may also try to keep you away from your friends and family. This makes you depend on them, and gives them more control over you. Another trick is called gaslighting (煤气灯效应). For example, you remember something clearly, but they keep saying it didn’t happen. They want you to doubt (怀疑) what you know is true. ③To avoid PUA behaviors, there are several steps you can take. First, learn to tell what healthy friendships and relationships look like. Being confident is also important because it will be not so easy for others to trick you. Besides, you should be brave to say no when something feels wrong. What’s more, talking to someone you trust like a teacher can be very useful. ④Knowing these signs and how to deal with them can help you have better relationships. It’s like building a strong foundation (基础) for happy and healthy relationships as you get older. 1．What is TRUE about PUA behavior? A．PUA only happens between lovers. B．People may use PUA to control others in workplace and online. C．PUA can help you have better relationships when you get older. D．PUA will influence how other people think of you and your development. 2．Which of the following sentence shows the underlined word “criticize”? A．“If you have any problems, you can ask me for help.” B．“Sorry, it didn’t happen. I think you didn’t remember well.” C．“You are always making mistakes! What you do is wrong!” D．“Keep away from your friend, or you will become a bad student, too.” 3．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Steps to use PUA to control others. B．Reasons for why students can’t use PUA． C．Ways to build a healthy relationship. D．Advice on how to avoid PUA behaviors. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Say “NO” to PUA! B．Let’s PUA Together! C．Is it Good to PUA? D．How do You Deal with PUA? 14.（23-24八年级下·浙江宁波·期末） As technology has improved, artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming stronger. And one of the most exciting new tools is Sora. It is a text-to-video tool that can give us a new way to make videos. Sora, which means “sky” in Japanese, shows the strong ability of AI. It allows users to put in text, and then make a video in several minutes. Anyone can bring ideas into life in a short time, without any skills. That’s the power of Sora. People can use Sora to make real environment, which improves players’ experience while playing games. But the influence (影响) of Sora is beyond just making videos easier. It also has the ability to improve film, television, and advertising. Actors and movie-makers may have to think more about their work as Sora might challenge them. Of course, there are also worries about its bad influences. Some worry about the influence of Sora on job markets and the quality of videos. However, it’s important to remember that it is a tool, and it’s up to us to use it correctly. In conclusion, Sora’s ability to make videos means a great step in AI technology. Though there are certainly challenges ahead, the advantages of Sora are clear. As we move into a more digitized (数字化的) world, we will see how Sora shapes the future of video-making soon. 1．What is the main ability of Sora? A．It can make a report about the video in several minutes. B．It can write a passage about the given topic on its own. C．It can make a video game without human. D．It can turn a passage into a video using several minutes. 2．What does the underlined word “beyond” mean in Paragraph 3? A．超过 B．停留 C．恰好 D．也许 3．Which of the following sentences is NOT true? A．Sora means “sky” in Japanese. B．Video makers don’t need to worry about their jobs. C．Sora helps to improve users’ experience of video games. D．Sora may shape the future of video-making. 4．What is the writer’s attitude towards Sora? A．Afraid. B．Worried. C．Hopeful. D．Trusted. 15.（23-24八年级下·湖北省直辖县级单位·期末） A lot of people play sports, but very few people become sports professionals (专家). If sports aren’t going to be your future, then why should you play them? Why should you train every day? Why should you work hard and feel sore the next day? Wouldn’t it be better to forget sports and only pay attention to your lessons? In fact, there are a lot of reasons to play sports. First of all, sports are a great way to exercise. Exercising keeps you healthy and strong. It also helps you stay in a good condition. When you exercise, your body makes endorphins (安多芬) which give you more energy and make you feel happier. Also, sports teach young people how to communicate and work as a team. They teach young people to respect (尊重) their coaches (教练), teammates and players from the other team. Many reports say that sports help young people stay out of trouble. If a young person plays sports, he or she may have fewer problems. This is because sports teach people about rules. They also teach people that if they work hard, they might succeed. Another good way of sports is that they make people leave their houses. These days, a lot of people spend too much time watching television and playing computer games. When you play sports, you go outside and exercise in the sun. You take in fresh air. All of these things are important. Maybe you’re not going to become a sports professional, but that doesn’t matter, sports will help you become a better and happier person. 1．The writer starts the passage by ________. A．telling stories B．listing numbers C．giving examples D．asking questions 2．What do sports teach young people according to the passage? ① how to communicate with others;           ② to be the best one; ③ how to work as a team;                  ④ to respect others; A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．②③④ 3．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Reports. B．Sports. C．Problems. D．Rules. 4．Which of the following is the structure (结构) of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2) A． B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Sports Are Just for Professionals B．Sports Teach People to Work Hard C．Sports Are Good for Everyone D．Sports Make People Go Outside 16.（23-24八年级下·湖北武汉·期末） We can all think of heroes (英雄) in our lives. But, have you ever thought about what it really takes to be a hero? What does someone have to do to become a hero? Well, in my opinion, there are three characteristics (特征) of a hero. First of all, heroes help others ★ . For example, a hero may help someone in a dangerous situation. Or, a hero may provide a service for people who need help. Second, heroes help others even when there are risks. This means that heroes will help even in situations where there is a chance that they will get hurt as a result of their actions. Finally, heroes help others even when there is no reward for their actions. They don’t do good things because they want to get something for themselves in return. They just help because they believe it is the right thing to do. For example, take the story of Laurie Eldridge. One day, Ms. Eldridge was outside in her garden, when she looked up and saw a car parked on some nearby train tracks (轨道). Inside the car was an 81-year-old woman who didn’t notice there was a train coming toward her. Ms. Eldridge ran to the car and pulled the woman out of it just before the train arrived. Laurie Eldridge saved the woman, but she didn’t think her actions were brave. She said she just did what any person would do. To me, Laurie Eldridge is a hero. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic? A．By giving an example. B．By telling a story. C．By listing numbers. D．By asking questions. 2．Which one can be put in ★ ? A．in need B．in person C．in order D．in public 3．What does the underlined word “reward” mean in Chinese? A．辛苦 B．努力 C．回报 D．汗水 4．Which of the following people can be called a hero according to the passage? A．Peter teaches students for free in the village. B．Sally spent all day making a plan for the next month. C．Jake often helps his mother do housework on the weekend. D．Mary turned down her friend’s invitation to play the guitar for her grandmother. 5．Why does the writer give an example of Laurie in Paragraph 3? A．To praise Laurie Eldridge. B．To explain the characteristics of a hero. C．To show the kindness of Laurie Eldridge. D．To call for more people to help others. 17.（23-24八年级下·湖北·期末） Auke Florian Hiemstra is a Dutch scientist who studies how wild animals use materials made by humans. “Almost anything can become part of a bird nest,” he says. But he was surprised when someone sent him a picture of a magpie (喜鹊) nest. The top of the nest had thin metal spikes (金属刺) pointing out all over. The metal spikes were “anti-bird spikes”. They are usually placed on buildings to stop birds from landing. But this time, the birds had used the strips of spikes to make a nest. In time, the researchers learned about several other nests in Europe that also used anti-bird spikes. Some were magpie nests; others were made by crows (乌鸦). “These are the craziest bird nests I’ve ever seen,” says Mr. Hiemstra. “Magpies and crows are known for being clever. The two kinds of birds are related and are famous for being able to solve challenging problems.” But the birds didn’t use the spikes in the same ways. The crows used the spikes on the inside of their nests to help make the nests more strong. Magpies have to worry about other birds stealing their eggs, so they use thorny (多刺) branches to build a spiky cover over their nests. In this case, they appeared to use the spikes like humans do—putting them on top of their nests to keep other birds from landing. It’s common for birds to use man-made materials (材料) in their nests. One recent study reported that nests with man-made materials have been found all over the world, except in Antarctica. Scientists aren’t sure if birds are using man-made material because they are better, or simply easy to find. Nests have been found with all kinds of man-made materials, including fishing lines, candy papers, and plastic bags. It’s not clear if spikes in nests cause any problems for the birds. But it’s probably more common that we know. Mr. Hiemstra thinks there are probably more nests out there that were built with anti-bird spikes. They just haven’t been found yet. 1．How did Mr. Hiemstra feel when he received the picture? A．Surprised. B．Worried. C．Scared. D．Disappointed. 2．Why do humans build the metal spikes on the top of the buildings? A．To make nests for birds. B．To protect birds from being hurt. C．To stop birds from landing on buildings. D．To remove to the birds’ nests. 3．Why are the magpies and crows famous? A．Because they’re clever and related. B．Because they like helping other birds. C．Because they can build the craziest bird nests. D．Because they’re smart to solve challenging problems. 4．Which man-made materials might be found in the magpie’s nest? ①mental spikes     ②bird’s eggs     ③thorny branches ④fishing lines     ⑤candy papers     ⑥plastic bags A．①③④⑥ B．①④⑤⑥ C．①②④⑥ D．②④⑤⑥ 5．From the last paragraph, we can know that ________. A．it’s not common for the birds to use man-made materials B．the spikes in nests were probably dangerous for the birds C．man-made materials were hard to find but they’re better D．a study reported the man-made material nests have been found in Antarctica 18.（23-24八年级下·湖北武汉·期末） It took a thunderstorm for Gordon Hempton to truly enjoy quiet. After a visit home to Seattle, Washington in 1980, the graduate student was tired from the 3,000 km way back to his university in Wisconsin. The August temperature was high and it was unnecessary to live in a hotel. Hempton got out of the car and lay down in a field. Suddenly, a thunderstorm sounded overhead. Too tired to move, he decided to stay right there. What he did next led to an awakening (顿悟): he listened. “I heard all: the movement of the air, the insect activity, the drops of the rain, the echo of the thunder,” he says. “My eyes were closed, but it was as if I could see all the creatures that I had been living with but never known.” Hempton’s awakening was so lively that he quickly dropped out of university, giving up a degree in Economics (经济学位), and changed his life. After that, Hempton travelled within Olympic National Park with microphone and recorder, where he captured (捕捉) the wonderful sounds from the wildlife in quiet. Quiet, in this sense, does not mean complete silence. He says, “We might say that quiet offers a chance to be aware of our surroundings.” Although he has these ear-attracting experiences, Hempton realized that quiet places were disappearing, with noise pollution making it more difficult to listen to the quiet sounds of nature. In 1998, Hempton went to Hawaii to collect sounds of endangered animals and plants, which were played at a photography exhibition later. Now 67, he is a famous acoustic ecologist (声学生态学家) and co-founder of Quiet Parks International (QPI), an organization that protects natural sounds by testing sound levels and encouraging visitors to understand the importance of quiet. 1．What made Gordon Hempton leave the university? A．His worries about future. B．His tiredness of school work. C．The long distance from the university to his home. D．An experience on his way to university. 2．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean? A．Quiet doesn’t mean no sound. B．Quiet helps one hear sounds of nature. C．Quiet can awake one’s sense. D．Quiet places are missing because of human beings. 3．What’s the genre (体裁) of this passage? A．A narrative which tells a person’s life experiences. B．A comedy which makes people laugh. C．A mystery which creates a mysterious story. D．A drama which has some kind of performance. 4．What did Gordon Hempton hear during the awakening?     ①air moving     ②rain dropping     ③people whispering     ④wind blowing     ⑤echo of thunder A．①②④ B．②③⑤ C．①②⑤ D．②④⑤ 5．The best title for the passage would be A．Environment Protection B．A Science Research about Sound C．A Man with Great Achievements D．A Story about Fighting for Quiet 19.（23-24八年级下·湖北武汉·期末） ①Nature is a great musician. The sounds of rain, birdsong or leaves in the wind are all part of its music. These sounds make us feel different emotions (情绪). For this reason, they have been used in many songs. One good example is Blackbird by The Beatles (披头士乐队). About halfway through the song, a blackbird’s sweet singing adds color to the melody (旋律). ②Nature, however, has never received any royalties (版税) for its important role in music. Now, with Sounds Right, things are beginning to change. ③Sounds Right is a new project of the Museum for the United Nations. The project looks at nature as a special artist. Many musicians from different countries have joined the project. They add nature sounds to their songs and share the royalties with nature. ④Sounds Right is expected to attract more than 600 million listeners within the first four years. It will earn about 40 million U.S. dollars. The money will be used in two main ways. One is to save endangered animals and plants. ____★____ ⑤Brian Eno is a British singer. He is proud to be part of this project. “When you click on a song from Sounds Right, you can enjoy the beautiful sounds from nature,” he said. “You also get to hear the possibilities of a better world!” 1．The structure of the passage should be ________. A．①-②③④-⑤ B．①-②③-④⑤ C．①②-③④-⑤ D．①②-③-④-⑤ 2．The Paragraph 3 focuses on ________. A．what the new project is B．money the project can get C．what the project will do D．the ways to join the project 3．Which of the following can be put in ____★____? A．Another one is to save the musicians. B．The other is to protect the environment. C．Others think it’s a great idea to help the world. D．People haven’t thought of a better way to develop the project. 4．In the last paragraph, you can find the answer to the question ________. A．What is the meaning of the project? B．How can listeners pay for the songs? C．When can people save the world together? D．Where can members enjoy the songs? 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Nature Needs New Right B．Nature Is in Danger C．Nature Is a Great Musician D．Nature Sounds Right 20.（23-24八年级下·重庆九龙坡·期末） Tangchang, a town in Chengdu, Sichuan, is famous for its multi-sole cloth shoes (千层底布鞋). The shoes’ soles (鞋底) are made of layers (层) of cloth. The town has 700 years of shoemaking history. During the Ming Dynasty, not all the people could wear boots (靴子). Because of that, cloth shoes became popular, especially in Sichuan province. It’s not easy to make Tangchang cloth shoes. There are 32 steps to make a pair of them. They are made in a special way. Growing up in Tangchang, Lai Shufang is a master (大师) of making cloth shoes. The 66-year old has been making shoes for over 40 years. Lai worked at a cloth shoe factory after finishing high school. It took her three years to master the skills needed to make shoes. She said the most important step was making the soles. It was not that easy. In 1998, Lai lost her job when the factory closed. However, she decided to open a small factory to pass on her skills. Her two younger sisters also joined in. Later, Lai opened her own shoe store. In 2015, her son Ai Peng, 38, gave up his job to help her. Ai added some Chinese elements (元素) to make the shoes more fashionable (时髦的). This helped them to sell about 10,000 pairs of shoes each year, both online and in their sore. With over 20 types of shoes, Tangchang loth shoes are friendly to the environment. In 2028, they were added to Sichuan’s intangible cultural heritage list (非遗文化列表). 1．Cloth shoes became popular during the Ming Dynasty because __________. A．boots were not good-looking B．they were sold well C．not all the people could wear boots D．they were comfortable 2．Lai Shufang thought making the soles was the most _________ step. A．important B．exciting C．boring D．difficult 3．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A．Tangchang has 700 years of shoemaking history. B．Tangchang cloth shoes are friendly to the environment. C．Lai spent three years mastering the skills needed to make shoes. D．Lai’s two younger sisters joined in after she opened her own shoe store. 4．The writer told Lai’s story in the order of _________. A．persons B．time C．space D．seasons $$阅读理解（说明文）（20篇） 目录 1.（23-24八年级下·北京顺义·期末）介绍了植物之间的交流方式。 1 2.（23-24八年级下·北京通州·期末）主要讲述了如何合理安排上网时间。 3 3.（23-24八年级下·北京昌平·期末）介绍了随着科技的进步，未来学校是什么样子的。 5 4.（23-24八年级下·北京房山·期末）主要告诉我们如何应对生活和学习中的压力。 7 5.（23-24八年级下·北京东城·期末）介绍了独自旅行以及和朋友旅行的优点。 8 6.（23-24八年级下·北京东城·期末）介绍了科学家们研究了18000多个癌症样本的完整基因信息。他们发现了有关突变模式或变化的新信息，这可以帮助医生提供更好的治疗。 10 7.（23-24八年级下·北京朝阳·期末）介绍了晕动症的症状、患病原理、患病几率以及特殊治疗方法。 12 8.（23-24八年级下·浙江金华·期末）介绍了英国中学生家庭作业的情况，包括作业时间、完成方式、教师反馈以及家长参与等方面，同时也指出了部分家长对孩子学习支持不足的问题。 14 9.（23-24八年级下·浙江杭州·期末）介绍了吉他的历史和发展。 16 10.（23-24八年级下·浙江杭州·期末）科学技术在人们生活中的应用，它不仅帮助人们生活得更加舒适，而且还帮助拯救濒危动物。 17 11.（23-24八年级下·浙江杭州·期末）本文主要介绍了自言自语的好处。 19 12.（23-24八年级下·浙江杭州·期末）介绍了散步是很好的运动。 21 13.（23-24八年级下·浙江宁波·期末）介绍了什么是PUA，以及如何避免PUA。 22 14.（23-24八年级下·浙江宁波·期末）介绍了一种文字转视频的工具——Sora，可以为我们提供一种制作视频的新方法。 24 15.（23-24八年级下·湖北省直辖县级单位·期末）主要讲了人们做运动的三个重要原因：运动是锻炼的一种方式、教会年轻人与人交际、团队合作以及让人们离开家去感受外面世界。最后告诉我们运动能帮你成为一个更好更快乐的人。 26 16.（23-24八年级下·湖北武汉·期末）介绍英雄的三个特征。 28 17.（23-24八年级下·湖北·期末）讲述了鸟类利用人造材料建巢穴这一现象。 29 18.（23-24八年级下·湖北武汉·期末）介绍了Gordon Hempton，他认为噪音污染使人们更难听到大自然的安静声音，他创建的组织通过测试声音水平和鼓励游客认识到安静的重要性来识别和保护自然声景。 31 19.（23-24八年级下·湖北武汉·期末）介绍了一个音乐新项目Sounds Right，即把大自然中的声音与音乐融合，带来了巨大的成功。 34 20.（23-24八年级下·重庆九龙坡·期末）介绍了唐昌布鞋的制作，包括制鞋材料和制鞋过程。 36 1.（23-24八年级下·北京顺义·期末） Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other. It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals (化学物质) to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant gets attacked (攻击) by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I’m being attacked!” When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps (黄蜂)! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops. More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chili (辣椒)plants do this. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water. Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi (霉菌). It links the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web. Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. 1．When plants are attacked by insects, they will_________. A．produce chemicals as a warning or a call for help B．send out chemicals to humans to ask for help C．control the wasps to kill the insects D．kill the insects by themselves 2．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．How Plants Give Warnings B．The Secret Language of Plants C．Why Scientists Do Research about Plants D．The Study about the Plant Warning System 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了植物之间的交流方式。 1．细节理解题。根据文中第二段中“This happens when a plant gets attacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: ‘I’m being attacked!’ ”可知，当植物受到昆虫攻击时，它们会产生化学物质作为警告或求助信号。故选A。 2．篇章结构题。根据文中“Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other.”可知，第一段总领全文，引出下文介绍的植物之间的相互交流。文章中的第二、三、四段详细介绍了植物之间的交流方式。文章的最后一段总结上文，并给了人们进一步研究的希望。选项B符合文章结构。故选B。 3．最佳标题题。根据文中“Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other.”及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了植物之间的交流方式。选项B“植物的秘密语言”符合做最佳标题。故选B。 2.（23-24八年级下·北京通州·期末） It can be easy to spend a lot of time online, but it is important for you to know how often and why you go online. It can help you work out a healthier and happier balance (平衡) with time offline. Being online should improve our lives, not control them. If you always feel you need to check your mobile phones, it is probably time to take a break. Too much time online can make your study more difficult and it is bad for your health. It is important to remember that if you are constantly taking photos or chatting online, it can be hard to keep track of what is going on around you. This might have a serious influence on your connections with the people beside you, even if you don’t want to make them feel like you are not interested in them. Take breaks from the apps (应用程序) and games. You don’t need to stop using them, just trying turning off notifications during study hours, or setting time limits. You can consider which online activities you can do offline. Take a careful look at what online activities can become offline activities. For example, an online game can become in-person with a friend or family member instead. Of course, not everything has to be offline or online all the time. It is good for you to set boundaries (界限) with your friends. If your friend calls you in the middle of the night, or messages you when you are doing your homework, and you don’t see their messages until you are back online. Habits can be hard to break, but we can retrain our brains. Sometimes, just paying attention to the possible influences can help us know when it is time to make some changes. Talk with someone about it. Talking about how you feel with a family member or your friend may help you work out a plan for breaking old habits. They can also encourage you to stick to the plan. 1．You may spend too much time online when you ________. A．take breaks from online games B．keep checking your mobile phone for messages C．take a few photos with your mobile phone D．turn on notifications after you finish your homework 2．The words “keep track of” in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to ________. A．manage to stay away from B．decide to agree with C．remember to wait for D．continue to know about 3．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．it is easier for us to stop using apps when we have more time B．online activities bring us more in-person connections than offline activities C．conversations about boundaries with friends help us have less online time D．it is important to pay attention to the possible influences of setting time limits 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A．Get to Know Others’ Online Habits B．Enjoy Your Online Activities C．Stick to Your Online Plan D．Manage Your Time Online 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了如何合理安排上网时间。 1．细节理解题。根据“If you always feel you need to check your mobile phones, it is probably time to take a break. Too much time online can make your study more difficult and it is bad for your health.”可知，不停检查手机上的信息时，可能会花太多时间，故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“It is important to remember that if you are constantly taking photos or chatting online, it can be hard to keep track of what is going on around you.”可知，如果不停地拍照或上网聊天，就很难了解周围发生的事情。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“If your friend calls you in the middle of the night, or messages you when you are doing your homework, and you don’t see their messages until you are back online.”可知，和朋友们谈论界限的问题，可以帮助我们节省线上时间。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。根据“It can be easy to spend a lot of time online, but it is important for you to know how often and why you go online. It can help you work out a healthier and happier balance (平衡) with time offline.”可知，本文主要讲述了如何合理安排上网时间。故选D。 3.（23-24八年级下·北京昌平·期末） The classroom environment has kept up with new technologies. First, we had blackboards and chalk. Then whiteboards and markers. Now we have interactive (交互的) whiteboards. From big, heavy televisions that were wheeled between classrooms, to flat do-it-all screens. So, what could the school of the future look like? Improved courses Different from the old-school traditions in English, math, social studies and science, we’ll have more meaningful and colorful courses. Instead of limiting students’ choices, teachers can let students choose whatever they like according to their interests and needs for their future career. Schools can create more opportunities for students to get useful skills through real-world practice, like cooking, money management, fixing the computer and gardening. Students will develop their deep thinking, problem-solving and communication skills through these courses. The classroom environment For the school of the future, there will be no need to fight with heavy curtains or dust-covered blinds. And we’ll have smart glass. Windows can change their color to make up for light outside, protecting both our eyes and screens. As summers get hotter and winters become warmer and wetter, air-conditioned classrooms will become common. And they will be cleaner and more environment-friendly, with built-in air cleaners to remove bad stuff and dust from the air. Augmented (增强的) reality and AI Adaptive (适应的) learning systems driven by Artificial Intelligence (AI) have become part of schools by 2050. These systems will give each student a special learning plan based on how they can learn better and will offer leveled tests depending on how the student is doing. AI may be also used to analyse (分析) students’ work, helping teachers understand which students need more help on weak lessons before they fall behind. Students will be able to get teachers’ advice quickly, with what needed to be improved and more personal guidance, fit for a student’s advantages and weaknesses. Undoubtedly, the biggest development we’ve seen in recent years has been in great progress in technology, so we can be quite certain that it has the ability to change schools over the next 20 or 30 years. 1．The writer may advise students to take the courses that ________. A．focus on useful skills B．create the opportunities C．help with classroom environment D．improve their English and science 2．What can we know about future schools according to the passage? A．Windows can change the light color to protect eyes. B．Technology can completely change the future school. C．The classroom will be warmer and wetter than before. D．Students can receive more guided help from teachers. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage teachers to use AI to improve teaching. B．To suggest more possible ways of developing technology. C．To introduce how technology will change the future school. D．To show the importance of technology in changing future school. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了随着科技的进步，未来学校是什么样子的。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Schools can create more opportunities for students to get useful skills through real-world practice, like cooking, money management, fixing the computer and gardening. Students will develop their deep thinking, problem-solving and communication skills through these courses.”可知，学校可以为学生创造更多机会，让他们通过现实世界的实践获得有用的技能，比如烹饪、理财、修理电脑和园艺。学生将通过这些课程培养他们的深度思考、解决问题和沟通能力。由此可知作者建议学生选择关注有用的技能的课程。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Windows can change their color to make up for light outside, protecting both our eyes and screens.”可知，窗户可以改变光的颜色来保护我们的眼睛和屏幕。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章，特别是最后一段可知，本文介绍了技术将如何改变未来的学校。故选C。 4.（23-24八年级下·北京房山·期末） We have more or less trouble to face in our life. These things may give you too much stress (精神压力) which is bad for your development. What can you do to solve this kind of problem? As a student, managing all the schoolwork and getting good grades are at the top of your stress list. You have a large amount of schoolwork to do every day. Although your scores are not terrible, you may still worry that you are not as high as you have expected. Why not make a daily or weekly plan in such a case? In this way, you can save more time to study and even avoid being too tired by taking some breaks. Don’t be too strict with yourself. Just do what you can do. If you meet something beyond (超越) your ability, just go to your teacher for help—pick his or her brain or make any questions you don’t understand clear. Have you ever been anxious about not having many friends in school or not being in the same class with your best friends? Having a bad relationship (关系) with new classmates is also our common stress. It is important to choose your circle of friends. Don’t hide yourself in your own world and try to make friends when you participate in after-school activities. Make plans to meet your friends from other classes during break time. Know that everyone is different—do not compare yourself with others. You’ll be less stressed that way. Unhealthy eating habits and lack (缺乏) of sleep can also lead to stress. You are what you eat. Make healthy food choices that you can enjoy. Set a certain time to go to bed every night. Don’t play computer or mobile games before you sleep. Do see a doctor if your sleeping problem continues. The more successfully you deal with your stress, the better you will feel about yourself. Try out the above advice right away. 1．Which is the most stressful for a student according to the passage? A．Dealing with schoolwork and getting high scores. B．Not getting along well with new classmates. C．Failure to have enough friends in school. D．Poor eating habits and short of sleep. 2．From the passage we can learn that________. A．a monthly study plan will help us get higher marks B．we should always solve study problems on our own C．it’s good to be open and friendly in after-school activities D．setting a time limit on using mobile phones is necessary 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．Introduction to common stress. B．Suggestions for making friends. C．Ways of developing good habits. D．Solutions to different stress in life. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要告诉我们如何应对生活和学习中的压力。 1．细节理解题。根据“As a student, managing all the schoolwork and getting good grades are at the top of your stress list.”可知，对于学生来说，压力最大的是管理所有的功课和取得好成绩。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Don’t hide yourself in your own world and try to make friends when you participate in after-school activities.”可知，不要把自己藏在自己的世界里，在参加课外活动的时候试着结交朋友。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据“The more successfully you deal with your stress, the better you will feel about yourself. Try out the above advice right away.”可知，本文主要告诉我们如何应对生活和学习中的压力。故选D。 5.（23-24八年级下·北京东城·期末） Do you like to travel alone? Or do you think it is better to travel with friends? If you are still deciding, please read on. I will explain the advantages of both ways. One of the greatest things about traveling alone is that you can make the rules about where you go and what you eat. You will be surprised at what you discover about yourself without any influence. Traveling alone really shows you what you are made of and helps you to discover inner strength you didn’t know you had. Besides, it also gives you time to think, learn and grow. It’s easy to think that traveling alone is lonely. Although that may sometimes be true, you are hardly ever alone. It can provide a chance for you to communicate with the locals and meet travelers from all corners of the world, which may become your most interesting experience. In fact, travelling to know more about the world is not easy. There is research to be done, flights to be booked and choices to be made, not to mention that things might go wrong. One of the main advantages of traveling with friends is being able to share these things and support each other through the process, even if it’s just someone who will wait with your bag when you go to the bathroom. Just as your mother always says, it’s true that traveling with others can give you a sense of safety, especially if you are new to travel. You know that if you get lost or have your wallet stolen, there’s someone to hold your hand when you try to explain your situation at a foreign police station. There is no right or wrong way to travel. Whether you travel alone or team up with friends, it depends on you. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic of the passage in Paragraph 1? A．By telling a story. B．By giving examples. C．By asking questions. D．By describing a scene. 2．Traveling with friends has the following advantages EXCEPT ________. A．sharing a lot of things B．knowing yourself better C．getting support easily D．having a sense of safety 3．Which is the main idea of the passage? A．The advantages of travelling alone. B．The advantages of travelling with friends. C．The advantages of travelling alone and travelling with friends. D．The advantages and disadvantages of making a travel plan. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了独自旅行以及和朋友旅行的优点。 1．推理判断题。根据“Do you like to travel alone? Or do you think it’s better to travel with friends?”可知，作者通过提问两个问题引出本文的话题。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“One of the main advantages of traveling with friends is being able to share these things and support each other through the process”和“Just as your mother always says, it’s true that traveling with others can give you a sense of safety, especially if you’re new to travel.”可知，与朋友一起旅行的主要优势之一是能够分享这些东西，并在整个过程中相互支持，能给你一种安全感，不包括B选项 “更了解自己”。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了独自旅行以及和朋友旅行的优点。故选C。 6.（23-24八年级下·北京东城·期末） Scientists have studied the full genetic (基因的) information of more than 18,000 cancer samples. They found new information about the patterns of mutations (突变) , or changes, which could help doctors provide better treatment. Their study, which appeared recently in the publication Science, is not the first to do such a complete genetic study of cancer samples. But no one has ever used such a large sample size. Serena Nik-Zainal of the University of Cambridge was part of the team that did the research. She said this was “the largest cohort (群体) in the world. It is extraordinary.” Over 12,000 samples in the study came from patients recruited (招募) by Britain’s National Health Service. They were part of a project to study whole genomes (基因组) from people with common cancers and rare diseases. The rest of the data came from existing cancer data sets. Researchers were able to study such a large number because of the same improvements in technology that recently permitted scientists to complete the map of the entire human genome. Andrew Futreal, a genomic expert at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, was not involved in the study. He said the study gave scientists some knowledge of the destructive (破坏性的) forces that caused cancer. Cancer is a disease of the genome or full set of instructions for running cells. It happens when changes in a person’s DNA cause cells to grow and divide uncontrollably. DNA is a substance (物质) that carries the genetic information in the cells of living things, like a human. In 2020, there were about 19 million new cancer cases worldwide. For the study, researchers looked at 19 different kinds of cancer in the human body. It identified 58 new “mutational signatures”, or pieces of evidence leading to the causes of cancer. Nik-Zainal said researchers also confirmed 51 of more than 70 previously reported mutation patterns. Some arise (出现) because of problems within a person’s cells; others are caused by ultraviolet (紫外线的) radiation, tobacco smoke, or chemicals. Knowing more of them “helps us to understand each person’s cancer more precisely,” which can help guide treatment, Nik-Zainal said. Genetic sequencing, the process used to study the makeup of a cell, is already being included in cancer care. It is part of the growing move toward personalized medicine, or care based on a patient’s genes and specific disease. Now doctors will have much more information to draw from when they look at individual cancers. To help doctors use this information, researchers developed a computer program that will let them find common mutation patterns and seek out rare ones. Nik-Zainal said doctors could suggest a treatment based on a special pattern. Futreal said the data can also show doctors what tends to happen over time when a patient develops a cancer with a certain mutation pattern. This will help doctors give earlier treatment and hopefully stop the developing disease. 1．Which of the following statement is true? A．Scientists have studied the full genetic information of more than 18,000 cancer samples. B．They found new information about the patterns of mutations, or changes, that could help doctors provide better treatment. C．Their study, which appeared recently in the publication Science, is not the first to do such a complete genetic study of cancer samples. D．All of the above. 2．What can we infer from the passage? A．Cancer is a kind of disease that happens when DNA in cells grow or divide. B．Some cancers arise because of problems within a person’s cells. C．Some cancers are caused by ultraviolet radiation, tobacco smoke, or chemicals. D．Genetic sequencing has been used in medical treatment. 3．Which is the best title of the passage? A．Genetic Information in Cancer. B．A Study of Cancer Genetics to Help with Targeted Treatment. C．A Computer Program in Cancer Genetics. D．A New Treatment in Cancer. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家们研究了18000多个癌症样本的完整基因信息。他们发现了有关突变模式或变化的新信息，这可以帮助医生提供更好的治疗。 1．细节理解题。由第一段“Scientists have studied the full genetic information of more than 18,000 cancer samples... which could help doctors provide better treatment.”可知，科学家们研究了18000多个癌症样本的完整基因信息。他们发现了有关突变模式或变化的新信息，这可以帮助医生提供更好的治疗，A、B选项表述正确；由第二段中“Their study...is not the first to do such a complete genetic study of cancer samples. ”可知，他们的研究最近发表在《科学》杂志上，这并不是第一个对癌症样本进行如此全面的基因研究，C选项表述正确。以上表述均正确，故选D。 2．推理判断题。由倒数第三段中“Genetic sequencing, the process used to study the makeup of a cell, is already being included in cancer care.”可知， 基因测序是一种用来研究细胞组成的方法，已经被用于癌症治疗。可推测出基因测序已被用于医学治疗。故选D。 3．最佳标题题。由第一段“Scientists have studied the full genetic information...which could help doctors provide better treatment.”和最后一段“Futreal said...This will help doctors give earlier treatment and hopefully stop the developing disease.”以及全文可知，科学家们研究了癌症样本的完整基因信息，这可以帮助医生提供更好的治疗。故B选项“癌症遗传学研究有助于靶向治疗。”符合最佳标题。故选B。 7.（23-24八年级下·北京朝阳·期末） As the weather gets warmer, there are few things that are better to do than travel. But traveling might not be that fun for everyone, especially for those who have motion sickness (晕动症). Motion sickness is also called travel sickness. It is a common experience for many people. Depending on how you travel, it can be called carsickness or seasickness. People with motion sickness feel very uncomfortable while they are in motion. They feel sick and dizzy, like the room around them won’t stop spinning (旋转). It is generally believed that motion sickness happens when your senses become confused (混乱的) with each other. We use different parts of our body to sense movement. Our eyes tell us if we are moving. The inner ears have a special liquid that helps us sense our direction and balance (平衡). Our muscles (肌肉) react to movement. When you move around, these body parts work well together. But when you are in a car or an airplane, they get confused. Your inner ear signals that you’re moving, but your eyes say you’re sitting still because you can’t see that you’re moving. This mismatch gives us motion sickness. About one in three people get motion sickness. Women and children aged two to twelve are most at risk. Some people may even experience motion sickness in certain situations, such as reading in motion, playing video games and watching 3D movies. But some people are less sensitive to motion sickness. This may be because they have certain genes (基因) that stop mismatching senses. Although there are many ways to deal with (处理) motion sickness, I believe that the key is to simply try and adapt (适应) to it. For example, some astronauts do special exercises that give them mild (轻微的) motion sickness. After a week or two, the astronauts become used to it and don’t feel uncomfortable anymore. 1．When motion sickness happens to you, you ________. A．feel uncomfortable, sick and dizzy B．become confused with your senses C．see room around you stop spinning D．know all your body parts work well 2．What does the writer want to tell us in Paragraph 3? A．How our body senses move. B．How motion sickness happens. C．How body parts work together. D．How motion sickness confuses us. 3．What do you know about motion sickness? A．Everyone with motion sickness hates travelling. B．Most women and children have motion sickness. C．Reading in a car may cause our motion sickness. D．Mismatching senses brings us motion sickness. 4．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．it’s difficult to deal with motion sickness B．most astronauts have no motion sickness C．it’s possible to adapt to motion sickness D．mild motion sickness is good for health 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了晕动症的症状、患病原理、患病几率以及特殊治疗方法。 1．细节理解题。根据“People with motion sickness feel very uncomfortable while they are in motion. They feel sick and dizzy, like the room around them won’t stop spinning (旋转).”可知，当晕动症发生在你身上时，你会感到不舒服、恶心和头晕。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据“It is generally believed that motion sickness happens when your senses become confused (混乱的) with each other.”以及结合整段可知，本段主要讲述了晕动症是如何发生的。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“But some people are less sensitive to motion sickness. This may be because they have certain genes (基因) that stop mismatching senses.”可知，感官不匹配给我们带来了晕动症。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“Although there are many ways to deal with (处理) motion sickness, I believe that the key is to simply try and adapt (适应) to it.”可知，虽然有许多方法来对付晕动症，作者相信关键是简单地尝试和适应它。故选C。 8.（23-24八年级下·浙江金华·期末） Few students like it, but homework is an important part of middle school life in the UK. The UK has these government rules for homework: Years 7 and 8 (ages 11 to 13): 45 to 90 minutes per day; Year 9 (ages 14 to 15): 1 to 2 hours a day. Today, many homework tasks are done on a computer—for example, preparing PPT, using the Internet, or doing online tasks. So schools are usually open before and after normal hours. That way, students without computers or Internet at home can use the schools’ facilities (设施). Sometimes students are given “extended (拓展的) learning tasks”. That means they need to do more research and analysis, such as when working on a history or art project. But however big the task is, teachers will always give feedback (反馈). They help students find areas where they can improve. Some schools send students home with a homework diary. They encourage parents to check on their children’s progress. Other schools have a website for parents to track their children’s performance every day. Sadly, not every parent takes that much interest. In a 2011 survey of 1,000 students aged 11 to 18, over one in ten said that they did not have space at home to do homework. Almost 15 percent said that their family did not support them enough. 1．How long should UK students at the age of 11 to 13 do their homework per day? A．Less than 45 minutes. B．45 to 90 minutes. C．60 to 90 minutes. D．1 to 2 hours. 2．If students don’t have a computer at home, how can they finish their online homework? A．They can go to the teacher’s home after school. B．They don’t have to finish their homework. C．They can use the computers at school. D．They can ask their classmates for help. 3．What can we learn from the survey in 2011? A．UK parents took much interest in their children’s studies. B．Over 10 percent of the students had no space at home to do homework. C．Some parents did not know about the government rules. D．The homework diary works very well in the UK. 4．What might the writer agree according to the passage? A．Homework doesn’t play an important role in students’ learning. B．Families should support students’ studies. C．Extended learning tasks make students work for long hours. D．Parents should give homework feedback at once. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国中学生家庭作业的情况，包括作业时间、完成方式、教师反馈以及家长参与等方面，同时也指出了部分家长对孩子学习支持不足的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The UK has these government rules for homework: Years 7 and 8 (ages 11 to 13): 45 to 90 minutes per day”可知，英国11到13岁的学生每天应该做45到90分钟的作业。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“So schools are usually open before and after normal hours. That way, students without computers or Internet at home can use the schools’ facilities”可知，如果学生家里没有电脑，他们可以在学校使用电脑完成在线作业。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“In a 2011 survey of 1,000 students aged 11 to 18, over one in ten said that they did not have space at home to do homework”可知，2011年的调查显示，超过10%的学生在家里没有做作业的空间。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Sadly, not every parent takes that much interest. In a 2011 survey of 1,000 students aged 11 to 18, over one in ten said that they did not have space at home to do homework. Almost 15 percent said that their family did not support them enough”可知，作者通过调查数据指出了部分家长对孩子学习支持不足的问题，因此可以推断作者认为家庭应该支持学生的学习。故选B。 9.（23-24八年级下·浙江杭州·期末） The guitar is one of the most popular musical instruments in the world. Many different cultures have played instruments like the guitar for over 3, 000 years. The oldest instrument that we can see today comes from Ancient Egypt. You can see this guitar in a museum in Cairo. It belonged to a singer who sang for the Egyptian queen Hatshepsut. This type of guitar had a long neck and only three strings (弦). The lute is also an ancient instrument similar to a guitar, but it has a short neck and a body like half a pear. It usually had more strings than a guitar and they were in pairs. From 1100 to 1500, travelling singers and story tellers played the lute to go with their songs. Guitars sometimes had pairs of strings like the lute, but the guitar changed over time to use single strings. People used guitars with six single strings for the first time in the 1600s in Italy, but the most important change happened in the 1850s. The Spanish guitar maker Antonio Torres Jurado made the guitar’s body bigger. His idea made the sound of the guitar louder and better. Most of today’s classical guitars follow his design. The first electric guitars appeared in the 1930s. The electric guitars have a solid body and can make many different sounds. We also find them in many different shapes and sizes. Some electric guitars don’t look like guitars at all! 1．Which of the following is a lute? A．B．C． D． 2．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Guitars. B．Sounds. C．Shapes. D．Sizes. 3．In which order did the following happen? a. The first electric guitars appeared. b. People used guitars with six single strings in Italy. c. Antonio Torres Jurado made the guitar’s body bigger. d. Travelling singers played the lute to go with their songs. A．d-b-c-a B．a-c-d-b C．d-a-c-b D．c-d-a-b 4．Why does the writer write the text? A．To discuss the invention of the guitar. B．To introduce the shapes of the guitar. C．To compare the players of the guitar. D．To show the development of the guitar. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了吉他的历史和发展。 1．推理判断题。根据“The lute is also an ancient instrument similar to a guitar, but it has a short neck and a body like half a pear.”可知，琵琶的琴颈很短，琴身像半个梨，B图片符合，故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“The electric guitars have a solid body and can make many different sounds. We also find them in many different shapes and sizes”可知，吉他有不同的形状和大小，所以them指代“guitars”，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“From 1100 to 1500, travelling singers and story tellers played the lute to go with their songs.”、“People used guitars with six single strings for the first time in the 1600s in Italy”、“The Spanish guitar maker Antonio Torres Jurado made the guitar’s body bigger. ”、“The first electric guitars appeared in the 1930s.”可知，按照时间的顺序为：巡回演唱的歌手用琵琶伴奏他们的歌曲—在意大利，人们使用六根单弦的吉他—Antonio Torres Jurado把吉他的琴身做得更大—第一批电吉他出现了，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了吉他的历史和发展，所以作者写这篇文章是为了展示吉他的发展，故选D。 10.（23-24八年级下·浙江杭州·期末） Technology is such a big part of our lives today that it is helping in ways we couldn’t have imagined a few years ago. Recently, some new technologies have helped us collect information about wild animals’ behaviour (行为) and movements. In turn, this can help save some kinds of animals from dying out. The African elephant is the world’s largest land animal and there used to be as many as 5 million, but now there are only about 415,000 left. African elephants have to travel a long way to find food. This can cause problems for farmers, who are killing the elephants because they need to protect their land. However, researchers now work with farmers to search elephants closely using a special tool called “smart collar”. It can provide information about where the elephants are. So fat, it has helped save farmers’ land as well as elephants. Like elephants, the number of tigers in the wild is fewer than 4,000 and this number is dropping rapidly because hunters (猎人) are killing them. Researchers are hoping that they can change the situation. Camera traps (陷阱) with special cameras take videos of tigers as they walk past. All tigers have a different and special form of stripes (条纹)—a bit like human fingerprints. Live videos of tigers’ movements allow researchers to find each tiger so that they can follow them for years and protect the places where they live. This lets the tigers live safely without hunters killing them. Besides these, more and more people are sharing pictures and information about illegal (违法的) activities online. It is also helping us keep an eye on them and protect endangered animals. 1．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Using technology in people’s daily lives. B．Learning about animals’ living places. C．Collecting information with technology. D．Sharing videos of wild animals online. 2．What can we know about “smart collar” from the text? A．It helps animals to find food. B．It helps researchers follow animals. C．It controls animals’ movements. D．It makes the number of animals drop. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．There are only about 415,000 tigers left in the wild. B．Elephants are disappearing without enough food to eat. C．Camera traps stopped farmers and tigers from fighting. D．The Internet also plays a role in protecting wild animals. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The useful ways to stop illegal activities. B．The great danger wild animals are facing. C．The importance of technology in our lives. D．The use of technology on animal protection. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了科学技术在人们生活中的应用，它不仅帮助人们生活得更加舒适，而且还帮助拯救濒危动物。 1．词句猜测题。根据“Recently, some new technologies have helped us collect information about wild animals’ behaviour (行为) and movements.”可知， 些新技术帮助我们收集了有关野生动物行为和运动的信息，这有助于拯救一些濒临灭绝的动物。因此推测this指代上文提到的“用科技搜集信息”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“However, researchers now work with farmers to search elephants closely using a special tool called ‘smart collar’. It can provide information about where the elephants are. So fat, it has helped save farmers’ land as well as elephants.”可知，“智能项圈”帮助研究人员跟踪动物。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Besides these, more and more people are sharing pictures and information about illegal (违法的) activities online. It is also helping us keep an eye on them and protect endangered animals.”可知，互联网在保护野生动物方面也发生了作用。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Technology is such a big part of our lives today that it is helping in ways we couldn’t have imagined a few years ago.”可知，本文主要讲的是科技在动物保护上的运用。故选D。 11.（23-24八年级下·浙江杭州·期末） ① It can be really awkward (尴尬的) if someone sees you talking to yourself. But don’t feel bad about it! Talking to yourself actually has a lot of benefits. ② When encouragement comes from oneself, it adds to self-confidence (自信). A 2009 study invited 72 tennis players to take part in some matches. Researchers put the players into two groups: one group that said nothing while playing, and the other that talked to themselves while playing. They found that the self-talkers showed more confidence and played better than those in the silent group. ③ Talking to yourself, especially in the third person, can also help us manage bad feelings. “Referring to (指代) yourself in the third person leads people to think about themselves more similar to how they think about others,” said Jason Moser, a professor from Michigan State University, US. This can help us see things more widely, from a different point of view, especially when we’re feeling sad or angry. ④ Self-talk also helps improve memory. Researchers tested four different ways to memorize things: reading silently, reading aloud, listening to someone else read and listening to a recording of oneself reading. Those who read out loud recalled the information the best, researchers said in their study published (发布 ) in the journal Memory. It’s because the information is likely to become a long-term memory if said out loud. 1．What does the word “benefits” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Strange ideas. B．Special needs. C．Healthy ways. D．Good sides. 2．Why does the writer mention (提到) the study in Paragraph 2? A．To make tennis players confident. B．To ask tennis players to keep silent. C．To encourage tennis players to win the matches. D．To show that self-talk helps develop confidence. 3．Which way of self-talk can help people see things more widely? A．“What can Annie do to make the situation better?” B．“You are the strongest person I’ve ever met.” C．“I have tried my best. Just do what I can.” D．“Is there anything we can do for you?” 4．What’s the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了自言自语的好处。 1．词义猜测题。根据“But don’t feel bad about it! Talking to yourself actually has a lot of benefits.”可知，不要为此感到难过，可以推知自言自语其实有很多好处，因此划线单词的意思是“好的方面”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“They found that the self-talkers showed more confidence and played better than those in the silent group.”可知，他们发现，自言自语的人比沉默组的人表现出更多的自信，表现得更好，因此是为了证明自言自语有助于培养自信。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“Talking to yourself, especially in the third person, can also help us manage bad feelings.”可知，自言自语，尤其是用第三人称，也能帮助我们管理不好的情绪，A选项“安妮能做些什么来改善这种情况？”用的是第三人称。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。通读文章可知，第一段介绍自言自语有很多好处，第二段、第三段、第四段分别介绍自言自语具体的好处，因此A项符合文章的结构，故选A。 12.（23-24八年级下·浙江杭州·期末） It is recommended (推荐) that people get 150 minutes of exercise a week. That means that a person should exercise for about 30 minutes a day, five days a week. Half an hour of brisk (轻快的) walking can easily help someone meet that need. You don’t need to walk 30 minutes all at a time to start. An expert recommends that beginners start with three short 10-minute walks. Finally, longer walks will become easier. One good point of walking is that you do not need special equipment (装备). You do not even need to go to a special area to walk. Don’t have workout clothes to wear? You are lucky because what you are wearing right now is probably perfect for walking. Many studies show that walking is good for your body. According to a study carried out by Harvard Medical School, brisk walking for 30 minutes can burn over 100 calories (卡路里). Walking also makes your legs strong. Although it may not seem like it, walking is weight training because your legs carry the weight of your upper body whenever you walk. The study also shows that those who walk at least 20 minutes a day, at least five days a week, have 43% fewer sick days than those who exercise once a week or less. And if they do get sick, they become well sooner. Walking is good for your mind. Walks can be taken in quiet places like parks and forests. Walking in these areas can help a person feel calm. Going on a daily walk gives your mind a break from the busy time of each day as well. A good walk lets you clear your mind and makes you feel better. 1．What can we know from the first paragraph? A．People have trouble finding time to walk. B．Longer walks may be hard for beginners. C．Half an hour’s walk every week is enough. D．Walking fast makes the activity enjoyable. 2．What do the findings of the Harvard Medical School’s study show? A．Walking is better than medicine. B．Walking has wonderful results. C．People need to walk at least 60 minutes a day to be healthy. D．Morning is the right time for people to walk. 3．What does the last paragraph tell us about walking? A．It is helpful to one’s mind. B．Walking is good for losing weight. C．It makes one’s body busy. D．It helps save one much money. 4．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To show how often we should walk. B．To show us what to prepare before walking. C．To show us the findings of a famous study. D．To show why walking is great exercise. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了散步是很好的运动。 1．细节理解题。根据“You don’t need to walk 30 minutes all at a time to start. An expert recommends that beginners start with three short 10-minute walks. Finally, longer walks will become easier.”可知对于初学者来说，走路时间太长可能很难。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Many studies show that walking is good for your body. According to a study carried out by Harvard Medical School, brisk walking for 30 minutes can burn over 100 calories”以及结合后文可知这份研究表明散步会带来好的结果，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Walking is good for your mind.”可知散步对头脑有好处，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。本文介绍了散步是很好的运动，因此是展示为什么散步是一种很好的锻炼。故选D。 13.（23-24八年级下·浙江宁波·期末） ①PUA stands for “Pick-up Artist.” It started as a term for people who use clever ways to influence their interactions (交流) with others, especially between lovers. This idea has grown, and now it also means people use tricks to control others in the workplace and online. It’s very helpful to know about PUA because it can deeply influence how you feel about your development. Here are some common behaviors to be careful. ②Sometimes people who use PUA tricks criticize a lot. They might tell you that you’re always doing things wrong. It is just a way to make you feel sorry about yourself rather than helping you improve. They may also try to keep you away from your friends and family. This makes you depend on them, and gives them more control over you. Another trick is called gaslighting (煤气灯效应). For example, you remember something clearly, but they keep saying it didn’t happen. They want you to doubt (怀疑) what you know is true. ③To avoid PUA behaviors, there are several steps you can take. First, learn to tell what healthy friendships and relationships look like. Being confident is also important because it will be not so easy for others to trick you. Besides, you should be brave to say no when something feels wrong. What’s more, talking to someone you trust like a teacher can be very useful. ④Knowing these signs and how to deal with them can help you have better relationships. It’s like building a strong foundation (基础) for happy and healthy relationships as you get older. 1．What is TRUE about PUA behavior? A．PUA only happens between lovers. B．People may use PUA to control others in workplace and online. C．PUA can help you have better relationships when you get older. D．PUA will influence how other people think of you and your development. 2．Which of the following sentence shows the underlined word “criticize”? A．“If you have any problems, you can ask me for help.” B．“Sorry, it didn’t happen. I think you didn’t remember well.” C．“You are always making mistakes! What you do is wrong!” D．“Keep away from your friend, or you will become a bad student, too.” 3．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Steps to use PUA to control others. B．Reasons for why students can’t use PUA． C．Ways to build a healthy relationship. D．Advice on how to avoid PUA behaviors. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Say “NO” to PUA! B．Let’s PUA Together! C．Is it Good to PUA? D．How do You Deal with PUA? 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了什么是PUA，以及如何避免PUA。 1．细节理解题。根据“This idea has grown, and now it also means people use tricks to control others in the workplace and online.”可知，人们可能在职场和网络上利用PUA控制他人。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“They might tell you that you’re always doing things wrong. It is just a way to make you feel sorry about yourself rather than helping you improve.”可知，他们可能告诉你，你一直做错事，这只是一种让你觉得自己很糟糕，并不是帮你进步，由此可知，critize意为“批评”。选项C“你总是在犯错！你都做错了！”符合语境。故选C。 3．段落大意题。根据“To avoid PUA behaviors, there are several steps you can take.”可知，第3段主要介绍了避免PUA的一些做法。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。根据“Knowing these signs and how to deal with them can help you have better relationships. It’s like building a strong foundation (基础) for happy and healthy relationships as you get older.”可知，本文主要介绍了什么是PUA，以及如何避免PUA。由此可知，选项A“向PUA说‘不’！”作为标题最为合适。故选A。 14.（23-24八年级下·浙江宁波·期末） As technology has improved, artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming stronger. And one of the most exciting new tools is Sora. It is a text-to-video tool that can give us a new way to make videos. Sora, which means “sky” in Japanese, shows the strong ability of AI. It allows users to put in text, and then make a video in several minutes. Anyone can bring ideas into life in a short time, without any skills. That’s the power of Sora. People can use Sora to make real environment, which improves players’ experience while playing games. But the influence (影响) of Sora is beyond just making videos easier. It also has the ability to improve film, television, and advertising. Actors and movie-makers may have to think more about their work as Sora might challenge them. Of course, there are also worries about its bad influences. Some worry about the influence of Sora on job markets and the quality of videos. However, it’s important to remember that it is a tool, and it’s up to us to use it correctly. In conclusion, Sora’s ability to make videos means a great step in AI technology. Though there are certainly challenges ahead, the advantages of Sora are clear. As we move into a more digitized (数字化的) world, we will see how Sora shapes the future of video-making soon. 1．What is the main ability of Sora? A．It can make a report about the video in several minutes. B．It can write a passage about the given topic on its own. C．It can make a video game without human. D．It can turn a passage into a video using several minutes. 2．What does the underlined word “beyond” mean in Paragraph 3? A．超过 B．停留 C．恰好 D．也许 3．Which of the following sentences is NOT true? A．Sora means “sky” in Japanese. B．Video makers don’t need to worry about their jobs. C．Sora helps to improve users’ experience of video games. D．Sora may shape the future of video-making. 4．What is the writer’s attitude towards Sora? A．Afraid. B．Worried. C．Hopeful. D．Trusted. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种文字转视频的工具——Sora，可以为我们提供一种制作视频的新方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“It allows users to put in text, and then make a video in several minutes.”可知，它可以在几分钟内将文本制成视频。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据第三段“But the influence of Sora is beyond just making videos easier. It also has the ability to improve film, television, and advertising.”可知，Sora的影响力不仅仅是让视频变得更容易，它也有能力改善电影、电视和广告；据此可以推断，划线单词“beyond”意为“超过”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Actors and movie-makers may have to think more about their work as Sora might challenge them.”可知，演员和电影制作人可能不得不更多地思考他们的工作，因为Sora可能会挑战他们；选项B“视频制作者不需要担心他们的工作。”与原文不符。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Though there are certainly challenges ahead, the advantages of Sora are clear. As we move into a more digitized world, we will see how Sora shapes the future of video-making soon.”可知，虽然前面肯定有挑战，但Sora的优势是显而易见的。随着我们进入一个更加数字化的世界，我们将很快看到Sora如何塑造视频制作的未来；据此可以推断，作者对Sora充满希望。故选C。 15.（23-24八年级下·湖北省直辖县级单位·期末） A lot of people play sports, but very few people become sports professionals (专家). If sports aren’t going to be your future, then why should you play them? Why should you train every day? Why should you work hard and feel sore the next day? Wouldn’t it be better to forget sports and only pay attention to your lessons? In fact, there are a lot of reasons to play sports. First of all, sports are a great way to exercise. Exercising keeps you healthy and strong. It also helps you stay in a good condition. When you exercise, your body makes endorphins (安多芬) which give you more energy and make you feel happier. Also, sports teach young people how to communicate and work as a team. They teach young people to respect (尊重) their coaches (教练), teammates and players from the other team. Many reports say that sports help young people stay out of trouble. If a young person plays sports, he or she may have fewer problems. This is because sports teach people about rules. They also teach people that if they work hard, they might succeed. Another good way of sports is that they make people leave their houses. These days, a lot of people spend too much time watching television and playing computer games. When you play sports, you go outside and exercise in the sun. You take in fresh air. All of these things are important. Maybe you’re not going to become a sports professional, but that doesn’t matter, sports will help you become a better and happier person. 1．The writer starts the passage by ________. A．telling stories B．listing numbers C．giving examples D．asking questions 2．What do sports teach young people according to the passage? ① how to communicate with others;           ② to be the best one; ③ how to work as a team;                  ④ to respect others; A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．②③④ 3．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Reports. B．Sports. C．Problems. D．Rules. 4．Which of the following is the structure (结构) of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2) A． B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Sports Are Just for Professionals B．Sports Teach People to Work Hard C．Sports Are Good for Everyone D．Sports Make People Go Outside 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲了人们做运动的三个重要原因：运动是锻炼的一种方式、教会年轻人与人交际、团队合作以及让人们离开家去感受外面世界。最后告诉我们运动能帮你成为一个更好更快乐的人。 1．细节理解题。根据“If sports aren’t going to be your future, then why should you play them? Why should you train every day? Why should you work hard and feel sore the next day? Wouldn’t it be better to forget sports and only pay attention to your lessons? ”可知，第一段是通过问问题的方式导入话题的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Also, sports teach young people how to communicate and work as a team. They teach young people to respect (尊重) their coaches (教练), teammates and players from the other team.”可知，做运动可以教会年轻人如何沟通，如何团队合作，以及如何尊重他人。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据“This is because sports teach people about rules. They also teach people that if they work hard, they might succeed.”可知，运动教会人们一些规则，也教会人们如果他们努力工作，他们可能成功。划线单词“They”是指“Sports运动”。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段是通过问问题的方式导入“做运动的一些原因”这一话题，第二、三、四段分别讲了运动是锻炼的一种方式、教会年轻人与人交际、团队合作以及让人们离开家去感受外面世界。最后一段总结了，运动能帮你成为一个更好更快乐的人。结构是总——分——总。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，主要讲了人们做运动的三个重要原因：运动是锻炼的一种方式、教会年轻人与人交际、团队合作以及让人们离开家去感受外面世界。这三个方面都是运动带给人们的好处。故这篇文章的最佳标题是：运动对每一个人都有好处。故选C。 16.（23-24八年级下·湖北武汉·期末） We can all think of heroes (英雄) in our lives. But, have you ever thought about what it really takes to be a hero? What does someone have to do to become a hero? Well, in my opinion, there are three characteristics (特征) of a hero. First of all, heroes help others ★ . For example, a hero may help someone in a dangerous situation. Or, a hero may provide a service for people who need help. Second, heroes help others even when there are risks. This means that heroes will help even in situations where there is a chance that they will get hurt as a result of their actions. Finally, heroes help others even when there is no reward for their actions. They don’t do good things because they want to get something for themselves in return. They just help because they believe it is the right thing to do. For example, take the story of Laurie Eldridge. One day, Ms. Eldridge was outside in her garden, when she looked up and saw a car parked on some nearby train tracks (轨道). Inside the car was an 81-year-old woman who didn’t notice there was a train coming toward her. Ms. Eldridge ran to the car and pulled the woman out of it just before the train arrived. Laurie Eldridge saved the woman, but she didn’t think her actions were brave. She said she just did what any person would do. To me, Laurie Eldridge is a hero. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic? A．By giving an example. B．By telling a story. C．By listing numbers. D．By asking questions. 2．Which one can be put in ★ ? A．in need B．in person C．in order D．in public 3．What does the underlined word “reward” mean in Chinese? A．辛苦 B．努力 C．回报 D．汗水 4．Which of the following people can be called a hero according to the passage? A．Peter teaches students for free in the village. B．Sally spent all day making a plan for the next month. C．Jake often helps his mother do housework on the weekend. D．Mary turned down her friend’s invitation to play the guitar for her grandmother. 5．Why does the writer give an example of Laurie in Paragraph 3? A．To praise Laurie Eldridge. B．To explain the characteristics of a hero. C．To show the kindness of Laurie Eldridge. D．To call for more people to help others. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍英雄的三个特征。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“have you ever thought about what it really takes to be a hero? What does someone have to do to become a hero?”可知，文章通过问问题引入主题。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“a hero may help someone in a dangerous situation. Or, a hero may provide a service for people who need help.”可知此处指需要帮助的人。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第二段“They don’t do good things because they want to get something for themselves in return. They just help because they believe it is the right thing to do.”可知，他们不做好事，因为他们想为自己得到一些回报。他们帮忙只是因为他们相信这是正确的事情。“reward”指的是文中提到的“in return”，意为“回报”。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Finally, heroes help others even when there is no reward for their actions.”可知，即使英雄的行为没有回报，他们也会帮助他人。结合选项，A选项“彼得在村里免费教学生。”符合。故选A。 5．推理判断题。本文主要介绍英雄的三个特征，而Laurie的行为完美诠释了英雄的三个特征。故选B。 17.（23-24八年级下·湖北·期末） Auke Florian Hiemstra is a Dutch scientist who studies how wild animals use materials made by humans. “Almost anything can become part of a bird nest,” he says. But he was surprised when someone sent him a picture of a magpie (喜鹊) nest. The top of the nest had thin metal spikes (金属刺) pointing out all over. The metal spikes were “anti-bird spikes”. They are usually placed on buildings to stop birds from landing. But this time, the birds had used the strips of spikes to make a nest. In time, the researchers learned about several other nests in Europe that also used anti-bird spikes. Some were magpie nests; others were made by crows (乌鸦). “These are the craziest bird nests I’ve ever seen,” says Mr. Hiemstra. “Magpies and crows are known for being clever. The two kinds of birds are related and are famous for being able to solve challenging problems.” But the birds didn’t use the spikes in the same ways. The crows used the spikes on the inside of their nests to help make the nests more strong. Magpies have to worry about other birds stealing their eggs, so they use thorny (多刺) branches to build a spiky cover over their nests. In this case, they appeared to use the spikes like humans do—putting them on top of their nests to keep other birds from landing. It’s common for birds to use man-made materials (材料) in their nests. One recent study reported that nests with man-made materials have been found all over the world, except in Antarctica. Scientists aren’t sure if birds are using man-made material because they are better, or simply easy to find. Nests have been found with all kinds of man-made materials, including fishing lines, candy papers, and plastic bags. It’s not clear if spikes in nests cause any problems for the birds. But it’s probably more common that we know. Mr. Hiemstra thinks there are probably more nests out there that were built with anti-bird spikes. They just haven’t been found yet. 1．How did Mr. Hiemstra feel when he received the picture? A．Surprised. B．Worried. C．Scared. D．Disappointed. 2．Why do humans build the metal spikes on the top of the buildings? A．To make nests for birds. B．To protect birds from being hurt. C．To stop birds from landing on buildings. D．To remove to the birds’ nests. 3．Why are the magpies and crows famous? A．Because they’re clever and related. B．Because they like helping other birds. C．Because they can build the craziest bird nests. D．Because they’re smart to solve challenging problems. 4．Which man-made materials might be found in the magpie’s nest? ①mental spikes     ②bird’s eggs     ③thorny branches ④fishing lines     ⑤candy papers     ⑥plastic bags A．①③④⑥ B．①④⑤⑥ C．①②④⑥ D．②④⑤⑥ 5．From the last paragraph, we can know that ________. A．it’s not common for the birds to use man-made materials B．the spikes in nests were probably dangerous for the birds C．man-made materials were hard to find but they’re better D．a study reported the man-made material nests have been found in Antarctica 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了鸟类利用人造材料建巢穴这一现象。 1．细节理解题。根据“But he was surprised when someone sent him a picture of a magpie (喜鹊) nest.”可知，当他伤到喜鹊窝的照片时，他感到很惊讶。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“The top of the nest had thin metal spikes (金属刺) pointing out all over. The metal spikes were “anti-bird spikes”. They are usually placed on buildings to stop birds from landing.”可知，为了阻止鸟类降落在建筑物的顶部。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“‘Magpies and crows are known for being clever. The two kinds of birds are related and are famous for being able to solve challenging problems.’”可知，它们很聪明且以能够解决具有挑战性的问题而闻名。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“In time, the researchers learned about several other nests in Europe that also used anti-bird spikes. Some were magpie nests;”和“Nests have been found with all kinds of man-made materials, including fishing lines, candy papers, and plastic bags.”可知，在喜鹊的巢里可能会发现①金属尖刺、④钓鱼线、⑤糖果纸和⑥塑料袋这些人造材料。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“It’s not clear if spikes in nests cause any problems for the birds. But it’s probably more common that we know.”可知，鸟巢里的尖刺对鸟类来说可能很危险。故选B。 18.（23-24八年级下·湖北武汉·期末） It took a thunderstorm for Gordon Hempton to truly enjoy quiet. After a visit home to Seattle, Washington in 1980, the graduate student was tired from the 3,000 km way back to his university in Wisconsin. The August temperature was high and it was unnecessary to live in a hotel. Hempton got out of the car and lay down in a field. Suddenly, a thunderstorm sounded overhead. Too tired to move, he decided to stay right there. What he did next led to an awakening (顿悟): he listened. “I heard all: the movement of the air, the insect activity, the drops of the rain, the echo of the thunder,” he says. “My eyes were closed, but it was as if I could see all the creatures that I had been living with but never known.” Hempton’s awakening was so lively that he quickly dropped out of university, giving up a degree in Economics (经济学位), and changed his life. After that, Hempton travelled within Olympic National Park with microphone and recorder, where he captured (捕捉) the wonderful sounds from the wildlife in quiet. Quiet, in this sense, does not mean complete silence. He says, “We might say that quiet offers a chance to be aware of our surroundings.” Although he has these ear-attracting experiences, Hempton realized that quiet places were disappearing, with noise pollution making it more difficult to listen to the quiet sounds of nature. In 1998, Hempton went to Hawaii to collect sounds of endangered animals and plants, which were played at a photography exhibition later. Now 67, he is a famous acoustic ecologist (声学生态学家) and co-founder of Quiet Parks International (QPI), an organization that protects natural sounds by testing sound levels and encouraging visitors to understand the importance of quiet. 1．What made Gordon Hempton leave the university? A．His worries about future. B．His tiredness of school work. C．The long distance from the university to his home. D．An experience on his way to university. 2．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean? A．Quiet doesn’t mean no sound. B．Quiet helps one hear sounds of nature. C．Quiet can awake one’s sense. D．Quiet places are missing because of human beings. 3．What’s the genre (体裁) of this passage? A．A narrative which tells a person’s life experiences. B．A comedy which makes people laugh. C．A mystery which creates a mysterious story. D．A drama which has some kind of performance. 4．What did Gordon Hempton hear during the awakening?     ①air moving     ②rain dropping     ③people whispering     ④wind blowing     ⑤echo of thunder A．①②④ B．②③⑤ C．①②⑤ D．②④⑤ 5．The best title for the passage would be A．Environment Protection B．A Science Research about Sound C．A Man with Great Achievements D．A Story about Fighting for Quiet 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了Gordon Hempton，他认为噪音污染使人们更难听到大自然的安静声音，他创建的组织通过测试声音水平和鼓励游客认识到安静的重要性来识别和保护自然声景。 1．推理判断题。根据“After a visit home to Seattle, Washington in 1980, the graduate student found himself tired from the 3,000km way back to his university in Wisconsin”以及“Hempton’s awakening was so lively that he quickly dropped out of university, giving up a degree in Economics (经济学位) , and changed his life.”可知，Gordon Hempton在回学校的路上，因为一场雷暴而开始真正欣赏宁静，这个经历改变了他的生活，使他放弃了大学。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Quiet, in this sense, does not mean complete silence. He says, ‘We might say that quiet offers an opportunity to be aware of our surroundings’”可知，宁静，并不意味着彻底地无声，宁静提供了一个机会，让我们意识到我们的周围环境，即宁静有助于捕捉大自然的声音。故选B。 3．推理判断题。本文主要讲述了Gordon Hempton在回学校的路上，因为一场雷暴而开始真正欣赏宁静，这个经历改变了他的生活，使他放弃了大学，并创建了一个组织，通过测试声音水平和鼓励游客认识到安静的重要性来识别和保护自然声景。因此这是一篇讲述个人经历的记叙文。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“I heard all: the movement of the air, the insect activity, the drops of the rain, the echo of the thunder”可知，他听到了：空气的运动，昆虫的活动，雨滴，雷声的回声。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了Gordon Hempton，他认为噪音污染使人们更难听到大自然的安静声音，他创建的组织通过测试声音水平和鼓励游客认识到安静的重要性来识别和保护自然声景。选项D“为宁静而战的故事”作为标题最为合适。故选D。 19.（23-24八年级下·湖北武汉·期末） ①Nature is a great musician. The sounds of rain, birdsong or leaves in the wind are all part of its music. These sounds make us feel different emotions (情绪). For this reason, they have been used in many songs. One good example is Blackbird by The Beatles (披头士乐队). About halfway through the song, a blackbird’s sweet singing adds color to the melody (旋律). ②Nature, however, has never received any royalties (版税) for its important role in music. Now, with Sounds Right, things are beginning to change. ③Sounds Right is a new project of the Museum for the United Nations. The project looks at nature as a special artist. Many musicians from different countries have joined the project. They add nature sounds to their songs and share the royalties with nature. ④Sounds Right is expected to attract more than 600 million listeners within the first four years. It will earn about 40 million U.S. dollars. The money will be used in two main ways. One is to save endangered animals and plants. ____★____ ⑤Brian Eno is a British singer. He is proud to be part of this project. “When you click on a song from Sounds Right, you can enjoy the beautiful sounds from nature,” he said. “You also get to hear the possibilities of a better world!” 1．The structure of the passage should be ________. A．①-②③④-⑤ B．①-②③-④⑤ C．①②-③④-⑤ D．①②-③-④-⑤ 2．The Paragraph 3 focuses on ________. A．what the new project is B．money the project can get C．what the project will do D．the ways to join the project 3．Which of the following can be put in ____★____? A．Another one is to save the musicians. B．The other is to protect the environment. C．Others think it’s a great idea to help the world. D．People haven’t thought of a better way to develop the project. 4．In the last paragraph, you can find the answer to the question ________. A．What is the meaning of the project? B．How can listeners pay for the songs? C．When can people save the world together? D．Where can members enjoy the songs? 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Nature Needs New Right B．Nature Is in Danger C．Nature Is a Great Musician D．Nature Sounds Right 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了一个音乐新项目Sounds Right，即把大自然中的声音与音乐融合，带来了巨大的成功。 1．篇章结构题。第一和第二段介绍了大自然中的声音可以用于音乐中，并在第二段结尾引出Sounds Right；第三和第四段具体介绍Sounds Right这个项目。最后一段讲述了布莱恩·伊诺对此项目的看法，指出了此项目的意义所在。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Sounds Right is a new project of the Museum for the United Nations.”可知，第三段主要介绍了这个新项目是什么。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“The money will be used in two main ways. One is to save endangered animals and plants.”和“Many musicians from different countries have joined the project. They add nature sounds to their songs and share the royalties with nature.”可知，这个新项目中很多音乐是来自大自然，所以获得的收入也会与大自然分享。B选项“另一个是保护环境。”符合语境。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“‘When you click on a song from Sounds Right, you can enjoy the beautiful sounds from nature,’ he said. ‘You also get to hear the possibilities of a better world!’”可知，当你点击Sounds Right中的一首歌时，你可以享受大自然发出的美妙声音。你还可以听到一个更美好世界的可能性！这是布莱恩·伊诺对此项目的看法，也指出了该项目的意义所在。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一个音乐新项目Sounds Right，即把大自然中的声音与音乐融合，带来了巨大的成功，同时获得的收入也用于大自然的保护，即与大自然分享版权。D选项“大自然声音版权”为最佳标题。故选D。 20.（23-24八年级下·重庆九龙坡·期末） Tangchang, a town in Chengdu, Sichuan, is famous for its multi-sole cloth shoes (千层底布鞋). The shoes’ soles (鞋底) are made of layers (层) of cloth. The town has 700 years of shoemaking history. During the Ming Dynasty, not all the people could wear boots (靴子). Because of that, cloth shoes became popular, especially in Sichuan province. It’s not easy to make Tangchang cloth shoes. There are 32 steps to make a pair of them. They are made in a special way. Growing up in Tangchang, Lai Shufang is a master (大师) of making cloth shoes. The 66-year old has been making shoes for over 40 years. Lai worked at a cloth shoe factory after finishing high school. It took her three years to master the skills needed to make shoes. She said the most important step was making the soles. It was not that easy. In 1998, Lai lost her job when the factory closed. However, she decided to open a small factory to pass on her skills. Her two younger sisters also joined in. Later, Lai opened her own shoe store. In 2015, her son Ai Peng, 38, gave up his job to help her. Ai added some Chinese elements (元素) to make the shoes more fashionable (时髦的). This helped them to sell about 10,000 pairs of shoes each year, both online and in their sore. With over 20 types of shoes, Tangchang loth shoes are friendly to the environment. In 2028, they were added to Sichuan’s intangible cultural heritage list (非遗文化列表). 1．Cloth shoes became popular during the Ming Dynasty because __________. A．boots were not good-looking B．they were sold well C．not all the people could wear boots D．they were comfortable 2．Lai Shufang thought making the soles was the most _________ step. A．important B．exciting C．boring D．difficult 3．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A．Tangchang has 700 years of shoemaking history. B．Tangchang cloth shoes are friendly to the environment. C．Lai spent three years mastering the skills needed to make shoes. D．Lai’s two younger sisters joined in after she opened her own shoe store. 4．The writer told Lai’s story in the order of _________. A．persons B．time C．space D．seasons 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了唐昌布鞋的制作，包括制鞋材料和制鞋过程。 1．细节理解题。根据“During the Ming Dynasty, not all the people could wear boots (靴子). Because of that, cloth shoes became popular, especially in Sichuan province.”可知，布鞋在明代开始流行是因为不是所有的人都能穿靴子。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“She said the most important step was making the soles. It was not that easy.”可知，赖淑芳认为制作鞋底是最重要的一步。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Her two younger sisters also joined in. Later, Lai opened her own shoe store.”可知，她的两个妹妹加入进来以后，赖才开了自己的鞋店。选项D“赖的两个妹妹在她开了自己的鞋店后加入了进来。”表述错误。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“The 66-year old has been making shoes for over 40 years.”；“Lai worked at a cloth shoe factory after finishing high school. It took her three years to master the skills needed to make shoes.”；“In 1998, Lai lost her job when the factory closed.”以及“In 2015, her son Ai Peng, 38, gave up his job to help her.”可知，作者按时间顺序讲述了赖的故事。故选B。 $$