专题02 阅读理解说明文&议论文（推理+细节考查或推理+主旨+词义考查）（江苏专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

专题02 阅读理解(说明文&议论文)(江苏专用) (重在考查推理判断+细节理解) 01 (2023-2024学年高一下·南京市江宁区·期末统考) C It’s a popular belief that a fish’s memory lasts for only seven seconds. It may seem sad to think that they don’t remember what they’ve eaten or where they’ve been, and they don’t recognize you or any of their friends —every moment in their life would be like seeing the world for the first time. But don’t be so quick to feel sorry for them. A new study has found that fish have a much better memory than we used to think. In fact, certain species of fish can even remember events from as long as 12 days ago. In the study, researchers from MacEwan University in Canada trained a kind of fish called African cichlids to go to a certain area of their tank to get food. They then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again. Researchers used computer software to monitor the fish’s movements. They found that after such a long break the fish still went to the same place where they first got food. This suggested that they could remember their past experiences. In fact, scientists had been thinking for a long time that African cichlids might have a good memory. An earlier study showed that they behaved aggressively(挑衅地)in front of certain fish, perhaps because they remembered their past “fights”. But until the latest findings, there was no clear evidence. Just as a good memory can make our lives easier, it also plays an important part when a fish is trying to survive in the wild. “If fish are able to remember that a certain area contains safe food, they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives at risks,” lead researcher Trevor Hamilton told Live Science. For a long time, fish were placed far below chimpanzees, dolphins and mice on the list of smart animals. But this study has given scientists a new understanding of their intelligence. 28. What is the article mainly about? A. Fish having very bad memories. B. Fish being smarter than we thought. C. How fish improve their memory. D. What we can learn from fish. 29. According to the article, people used to believe that _________. A. fish could only remember part of their past experiences B. fish could remember things that happened 12 days ago C. a fish’s memory lasted for only seven minutes D. fish didn’t recognize any of their friends 30. How can fish benefit most from a good memory? They can remember _________. A. where to get food and survive B. their enemies and fight C. where to escape to when in danger D. their friends and help each other 31. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Fish behave aggressively in a fight. B. Fish can remember more. C. Fish don’t belong to the list of smart animals. D. Only African cichlids have a good memory. 02 (2023-2024学年高一下·南京市六校联合体·期末联考) C As this year’s graduates prepare to step into the workplace, many are either anxious or scared about the impact of artificial intelligence—particularly large language models such as ChatGPT — on their careers. According to a vote by the BestColleges website, six in ten US college students worry that the use of AI in their studies is lowering the value of earning a degree. Even worse, more than half expect that increasing use of AI in the workplace will further devalue the worth of their studies to potential employers. Fears are very common that women, who are not enough in computing and science degrees, will be kept out of the job market. Right now, company technology departments are mostly male. But the impact of AI on employability may be quite different outside of computer programming, some employers say. The rise of AI is already creating new opportunities for students who have studied liberal subjects(文科). This is particularly true for writing-intensive subjects, such as English and history, that draw more female students than technology and require students to pull together diverse sources of information. That is because the companies that are starting to use AI to deal with customers are hiring writers to produce scripts for chatbots to use. Once graduated, both genders also worry that AI could reshape the job market for entry level work. Early experiments in the economic and professional services industries do suggest that AI tools will change the way marketing, investment banking and legal documents are created. Those changes could free junior employees from boring work. But the more work that is turned over to AI, the fewer jobs will be needed. And most of these jobs now use an apprenticeship(学徒)way, where doing the simple work gives young employees a good place for more important work. Some also worry that the focus on tech will hit workplace diversity efforts. “It is automation at a completely different level, which is why I’m concerned about women. My biggest fear is that women will fall behind again,” says Roya Rahmani, chair of Delphos International, which provides investment markets advisory services. 28. What can we know from the first three paragraphs? A. It may be harder for graduates to find a job. B. It is certain that more women will lose jobs. C. The use of AI makes a degree more valuable. D. The impact of AI gives the graduates more hope. 29. Why do liberal arts students have new opportunities? A. The companies need to deal with customers. B. They are good at gathering diverse information. C. They may have an advantage of writing scripts. D. The subjects they learn are all writing-intensive. 30. What is the concern about the job market for entry level work? A. AI will make the job market more diverse. B. AI will transform the way some work is done. C. AI will make the boring work more interesting. D. AI will give more opportunities to junior employees. 31. What does Roya Rahmani worry about? A. The decrease of workplace diversity. B. The influence of AI on women’s careers. C. The lack of apprenticeship chances for women. D. The application of AI in the investment markets. 03 (2023-2024学年高一下·苏州市·期末统考) D Maths is all around us, from working out how to share the bill after a meal to calculating(计算)your household bills. Some people love the challenge of working out maths problems, but many fear the moment when they have to deal with numbers and figures and feel a real sense of worry. It can seem discouraging, but this ‘maths anxiety’ is perfectly normal, and you’re definitely not alone. And anyway, our worries and fears don’t necessarily reflect our ability. The problem really starts in childhood, at school. Research has found that maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject can pass on their anxiety to the pupils, and girls may be more likely to be affected. The Programme for International Student Assessment found around 31% of 15 and 16-year-olds across 34 countries said they got very nervous doing maths problems, 33% said they got tense and nervous doing maths homework, and nearly 60% said they worried maths classes would be difficult. Shulamit Kahn, from Boston University’s Questrom School of Business, told the BBC she believes giving students, particularly girls, good role models “is significant, especially at a young age”. She thinks the key is to get people, especially women who love teaching maths, to teach younger children. Writing for BBC Future, David Robson says “It’s not clear why maths gives rise to so much fear compared to geography. But the fact that there’s a right or wrong answer might make you more worried about underperforming.” And once we assume we’re not a ‘maths person’, we avoid solving things that we probably could do. Psychologists(心理学家)have been trying to work out why mental calculation can bring us out in a sweat. That fear may come from many sources, but some suggest that expressing your fears clearly can loosen their hold on you, and encourage children to see a maths test as a challenge, not a threat(威胁). We need to think positively about maths and give it a second chance. 28. Regarding “maths anxiety” in paragraph 1, the author thinks ________. A. it is unique B. it is formal C. it is common D. it is necessary 29. What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A. Girls are better at maths than boys. B. Maths classes are difficult for all students. C. Students’ anxiety results entirely from teachers. D. Confidence in maths needs developing in childhood. 30. What will be a potential result if one thinks he is not a ‘maths person’? A. He will rise to challenges. B. He will learn maths harder. C. He will be doubtful about his ability. D. He will not see maths as a threat. 31. What are children advised to do according to the last paragraph? A. Track sources of maths fear regularly. B. Speak fears out for improvement bravely. C. Explore causes of failure in maths carefully. D. Quit challenges to avoid anxiety actively. 04 (2023-2024学年高一下·南通市·期末统考) C On an early winter morning, a small group of students and tourists were taking pictures of the horses with their phones. These horses, known locally as takhi and globally as Przewalski’s horse, are unique. They are the only type that has never been trained and they are the fruits of one of the most successful ever wildlife reintroduction plans of Hustai National Park. “Horses are key to our culture. Everyone is glad to have them back,” says Dashpurev with a smile, who is in charge of Hustai National Park. Once hunted to extinction in the wild in the 1960s, Przewalski’s horses now number nearly 1,000, at three sites across Mongolia, as well as in China and Kazakhstan. The largest population — numbering 423 — is in central Mongolia’s Hustai National Park. These horses are descendants(后代)of 84 animals that were airlifted from European zoos in the 1990s. “Before the reintroduction, no one believed we could save this species,” recalls Dashpurev. Now, the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)has downgraded Przewalski’s horse from “critically endangered” to “endangered”, marking a significant milestone in their recovery. However, despite this success story, Mongolia faces numerous challenges in protecting its other species. Besides hunting, the climate emergency is putting more pressure. Temperatures are rising three times faster than the global average, bringing more extreme weather events that wipe out large numbers of animals. Faced with this crisis, the government has taken actions to protect wild areas. In 1998, Mongolia promised to protect 30% of its territory by 2030 — a goal adopted by 100 other countries in 2021. So far it is on 21%. Last year, the president launched a drive to plant 1 billion trees by 2030 and tough fines have had success in stopping illegal hunting. Yet these efforts are hamstrung(妨碍)by a lack of funding. “The government wants to grow the economy. That’s the key thing for them, so they are putting a lot of effort into agriculture and mining,” says Buuveibaatar, a scientist at the Wildlife Conservation Society, “Wildlife is ignored. As a result, some of its conservation areas are paper parks. The Przewalski’s horse reintroduction plan is an example of how to save wildlife. Now, the challenge lies in introducing this success to the rest of the country’s other wildlife.” 28. Why are these horses unique according to the passage? A. They are airlifted from European zoos. B. They are successfully introduced species. C. They are the only true wild horse species. D. They can only be photographed in Mongolia. 29. What was the public’s attitude towards saving these horses before the reintroduction? A. Relieved. B. Supportive. C. Uninterested. D. Doubtful. 30. Why is the climate emergency mentioned in Paragraph 4? A. To introduce the reasons for wildlife extinction. B. To explain its influence on wildlife in Mongolia. C. To stress the challenges facing wildlife protection. D. To express the author’s feelings about the extinction. 31. What does Buuveibaatar imply in the last paragraph? A. Hustai National Park provides a positive model. B. The government’s focus should be the economy. C. Other countries can help by following the footsteps. D. The Przewalski’s horse is the only one worth saving. 05 (2023-2024学年高一下·扬州市·期末统考) C(原卷为B篇) Short-sightedness is thought to affect around one in three people in the UK. The World Health Organisation predicts that about half of the world’s population will have myopia, or shortsightedness, by 2050. Generally a childhood phenomenon, myopia happens when the eyeball grows too long from front to back, making it more oval-shaped(椭圆)than round, thus unable to see faraway things clearly. While our first reaction is to blame the increased use of screens, experts believe the real reason is not that, exactly, but it’s related: less time spent outdoors. Natural light is essential for healthy eye development, says Schwartz. Access to natural light stimulates dopamine(多巴胺), which helps normal growth and development of the eyeball. Indoor lighting doesn’t do the trick. Ideally, kids should get at least two hours of natural light a day. That said, our increased use of screens is a problem. Most screens are high contrast—like black text on a white page, or light text on a dark background, says Schwartz. A 2018 study in Scientific Records found that looking at black text on white backgrounds compared to natural environments could lead to myopia. Close work, like reading and looking closely at screens, has also been shown to cause myopia. Most people’s eyesight settles in their teens, but some people get nearsighted later in life. Poor eyesight isn’t the only downside; people with myopia are at a higher risk of developing eye issues as they age. That’s why regular eye examinations are important. Researchers are working on ways to slow down rising myopia rates. A clinical trial at Ohio State University found that eye-drops with a low dose of atropine(阿托品)can slow myopia in kids. There’s also some early evidence that a type of contact lens(隐形 眼镜)called Peripheral Defocus lenses might stop nearsightedness from worsening. You can also reduce eye tiredness by making a few simple lifestyle changes, such as reading or working in good light, choosing non-glare screens for your computer or TV and taking frequent breaks. 28. What happens to the eyeball when one gets short-sighted? A. The eyeball becomes rounder in shape. B. The eyeball turns unclear and cloudy. C. The eyeball shortens from front to back. D. The eyeball becomes more oval-shaped. 29. What is the main cause of myopia according to experts? A. Increased use of screens. B. Reduced activities in the open air. C. Access to indoor lighting. D. Reading on contrast screens. 30. What is the significance of natural light to eye development? A. It causes production of a chemical to help eyeball’s normal growth. B. It helps to relax your eyes by providing a break from screens. C. It increases the contrast on screens, making them easier to read. D. It is essential for seeing black text on a white background clearly. 31. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to slow down rising myopia rates? A. Low-dose atropine eye-drops. B. Peripheral Defocus lenses. C. Regular eye examinations. D. Forming healthy eye habits. 06 (2023-2024学年高一下·徐州市·期末统考) C(原卷为D篇) The UK is now the most overweight nation in Europe and the evidence is all around us. As a doctor, I see it daily in practice, dealing with its complications(并发症)ranging from diabetes and high blood pressure to heart disease and cancer. So what are we doing about it? Not enough is the honest answer. First, weight management services, such as mental health guidance, surgery and slimming drugs remain very limited. Also, measures taken in consulting rooms are too often centered around scaring people into action: if you don’t lose weight you will have a heart attack or develop diabetes. Scaring the individual is neither helpful nor effective. Becoming more active is beneficial for many reasons, but exercise alone is not a great way to lose weight, not least because you have to run for at least an hour to burn off a beef pie. Drugs and surgery also have their place but are not required for most overweight people. So I prefer to combine proper exercise with a diet for the best result. But which diet? Often I recommend the low-carb approach, which involves cutting back on sugary drinks and foods, and starches(淀粉)such as rice and bread. I don’t believe there is anything magical about the approach but it has a number of benefits: it seems easier to follow than many other approaches, and it helps lower blood sugar levels for the ten million or so people in the UK who already have type 2 diabetes or are at high risk of developing it. Solving the obesity(肥胖)problem involves not only supporting and encouraging the individual, but also changing public health and government policy. Efforts are being made and change is already under way. 28. How does the author illustrate his opinion in paragraph 2? A. By explanation. B. By example. C. By comparison. D. By assumption. 29. What are the benefits of the low-carb approach? A. It helps to reduce body weight quickly. B. It saves patients from drugs and surgery. C. It’s effective and promotes food industry. D. It’s easy to stick to and lowers blood sugar. 30. The main purpose of the passage is A. to provide practical suggestions B. to criticize traditional approaches C. to present the findings of a research D. to analyse the causes of a problem 31. What is the author’s attitude to the future of solving the obesity problem? A. Critical. B. Positive. C. Uncaring. D. Uncertain. 07 (2023-2024学年高一下·淮安市·期末统考) C(原卷为D篇) A large-scale analysis(分析)of nearly 1,000 scientific studies has shown just how closely human activity is tied to public health. The findings suggest environmental changes caused by human activities are making the risk of infectious(传染的)disease outbreaks all the more likely. The biodiversity(生物多样性)crisis—which has let some one million plant and animal species at risk of extinction—is a leading driver of disease spread, the researchers found. “It could mean that by changing the environment, we increase the risks of future pandemics(流行病),” said Jason Rohr, a co-author of the study and a biologist at the University of Notre Dame. The analysis studied at least one of five “global change drivers” affecting wildlife and landscapes on Earth: biodiversity change, climate change, habitat loss and change, chemical pollution and the introduction of non-native species to new areas. The researchers collected nearly 3,000 data points related to how each of these factors might impact the seriousness of infectious disease outbreaks. Their conclusions showed that four of the examined factors—climate change, chemical pollution, the introduction of non-native species to new areas and biodiversity loss—all increased the likelihood of spreading diseases, with the latter having the most significant impact. Disease and death rate were nearly nine times higher in areas of the world where human activity has reduced biodiversity, compared to the levels expected by Earth’s natural variation in biodiversity. One global change factor, however, actually reduced the likelihood of disease outbreaks: habitat loss and change. But here, context is key. Most habitat loss is linked to creating a single type of environment—urban(城市的)ecosystems—which generally have good sanitation(卫生)systems, reducing opportunities for disease outbreaks. The new work adds to past research on how human activity can cause the spread of disease. The research signals the need for public health officials to remain watchful as the effects of human-caused climate change arise. 28. What do the findings reveal according to the first two paragraphs? A. Human activities do great damage to public health. B. Biodiversity crises increase the risk of disease outbreaks. C. Millions of plant and animal species are at risk of extinction. D. Human-caused environmental changes lead to species extinction. 29. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The process of the study. B. The result of the study. C. The meaning of data analysis. D. The impact of disease outbreaks. 30. Compared with the other four “global change drivers”, habitat loss and change ________. A. worsened the disease outbreaks B. had the most significant impact C. made urban ecosystems more delicate D. made it less likely to spread diseases 31. What might be the focus of the follow-up discussion? A. The expectations held by public health officials. B. The measures to be taken by the health systems. C. The effects of human activities on climate change. D. The concerns about climate change and biodiversity loss. 08 (2023-2024学年高一下·盐城市·期末统考) C(原卷为D篇) A heated theme around AI in education is that students could use these generative tools to complete their homework. Educators are worried that students may not build essential skills if it becomes too easy to misrepresent machine-generated work as their own. In addition to concerns that such use may contribute to cheating, it’s also known that AI can provide misinformation that may mislead students. As a result, many schools have banned(禁止)generative AI completely. But is that reasonable? The answer is no, says Sebastian Rao, a Virginia STEM school senior. Instead, he supports AI policies that make the technology accessible to students and educators but provide appropriate edges. “How do we structure a classroom that uses AI?” asks Rao. He says the focus should be to thoughtfully integrate(合并)AI technology in classrooms so that students can use it to enhance their education and build new skills. When schools place strict bans on AI, students may be confused and unsure about what they can and can’t use. Many students use AI in ways educators didn’t consider, worsening the problem of managing their use in the classroom. Meanwhile, the technology is evolving quickly and becoming integrated into an ever-growing range of tools. Academic tools like Grammarly now use AI, as do search engines like Google and Bing. Khan Academy recently built a free AI-powered app, Khanmigo, to provide one-on-one homework help to students who may not otherwise have access to a live tutor(家庭教师). “A lot of students don’t really know what to think about a lot of these technologies. Some are confused about ‘What does AI mean? Is it cheating in certain cases?’” explains Rao. Rather than viewing the use of AI as cheating, the U. S. Department of Education is integrating AI into policy because the technology allows educators to support students with a valuable, personalized approach to learning. Knowing how to use AI effectively and properly will be necessary for students’ future development. 28. Why do many schools ban AI completely? A. AI may offer much information. B. AI may cause students a lot of worry. C. AI may destroy students’ essential skills. D. AI may weaken students’ study performance. 29. What is Sebastian Rao’s opinion on AI in education? A. Schools should refuse AI technology. B. Educators should build their AI skills. C. Schools should establish clear guidelines. D. Educators should enhance their education. 30. What may the ban on AI at school result in? A. Rapid evolution of AI. B. Students’ confusion about AI. C. Popularity of a live tutor. D. Educators’ interest in technology. 31. What is the U.S. Department of Education’s attitude towards AI? A. Unclear. B. Worried. C. Favorable. D. Negative. 09 (2023-2024学年高一下·连云港市·期末统考) C(原卷为B篇) Dream Xi’an is so close to London Tower that Anne Boleyn could possibly have passed by for her last supper. Opening Dream Xi’an near one of London’s busiest tourist attractions is a bold(大胆的)move. It is a great location with lots of tourists, but maybe not the sort who’d rush, as their first option, to a spot selling pig’s ear and beef. One of Dream Xi’an’s unmissable dishes is their biang biang noodles. Once eaten, biang biang noodles become a compulsion(冲动). Imagine fat, slithery(滑溜的)udo noodles, but much bigger and flatter — wider than a child’s belt—served in long unbroken stretches. If anyone in the UK can start your journey into Shaanxi cooking, it is chef/owner Guirong Wei, of Master Wei and Xi’an Impression, in central and north London. I have yet to leave any of Wei's places not joyfully covered with sweet, hot, vinegary sauces. Here at Dream Xi’an there are at least 12 biang biang and liangpi dishes. Fans of Wei’s other restaurants will notice classics here too, such as the cumin beef burger and Xi’an hand-shredded chicken. New dishes here include paomo soup, a recipe dating back to the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Dream Xi’an is really rather stylish: a large room in dark wood with Chinese-style decoration. The staff are kind, happy and helpful. Here I am often cared for like a child, with regularly refilled pots of jasmine tea and offers of rice cakes with brown sugar sauce. I challenge you to find a nicer way to spend a couple of hours in this area; in fact, Dream Xi’an is the perfect place to calm down after learning about the bloody history of London Tower in an afternoon. 28. Why is opening Dream Xi’an near London Tower a bold move? A. Anne Boleyn once had supper there. B. Local people dislike pig’s ear and beef. C. London Tower is more attractive to tourists. D. Biang bi ang noodles are wider than expected. 29. What do we know about Guirong Wei? A. He showed tourists around Shaanxi. B. He invented dishes like paomo soup. C. He opened several restaurants in London. D. He served liangpi without vinegary sauces. 30. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. History of Dream Xi’an. B. Opinions on the decoration style. C. Impression of Dream Xi’an. D. Praise for the service of the staff. 31. What’s the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To suggest ways to calm down. B. To recommend a nice restaurant. C. To introduce the history of London Tower. D. To share feelings of visiting London Tower. 10 (2023-2024学年高一下·连云港市·期末统考) C We have long known that dogs are capable of using their noses to detect(检测)certain types of cancer, malaria and even COVID-19. But these medical-detection animals tend to be made up of just a few breeds(品种), raised in expensive training centres. Now, research has shown that pet dogs of various breeds can be trained to recognize the unique smells linked to Parkinson's disease with nearly 90 per cent accuracy(精确). Seeking a broader, inexpensive approach, Lisa Holt and Samuel Johnston at the charity PADs for Parkinson’s in Washington state found 23 pet dogs of 16 breeds. These included breeds previously used to detect different medical conditions, as well as those not raised for this purpose. 43 people with Parkinson's and 31 volunteers without known medical conditions provided sebum(皮脂), either from T-shirts worn overnight or their upper backs. Those with Parkinson's produce hundreds of specific chemicals in their sebum. Each dog was trained to sit or bark(吠)when recognizing Parkinson’s sample(样本). To stimulate them, each sample provided by a participant with Parkinson's was paired with food or a toy. Once their training was complete, the dogs were shown sebum samples they hadn't previously met. Overall, the dogs recognized the samples from someone with Parkinson’s with 86 percent accuracy, on average, and didn't respond to the healthy volunteers' samples 89 percent of the time. Testing of the training programme is continuing at the Alfort National Veterinary School in France, says Holt. “Once that training was done, it would then be possible to test whether dogs could recognize Parkinson’s at a much earlier stage,” she says. However, despite testing several breeds, the data aren’t enough to conclude which ones detect Parkinson’s best, adds Holt. 28. What do we know about the pet dogs in paragraph 1? A. They grow up in expensive centres. B. They are used to detect COVID-19. C. They are better than the trained breeds. D. They do well in recognizing Parkinson’s. 29. What were the pet dogs required to do during the training? A. Pair food with toys. B. Smell samples. C. Produce chemicals. D. Provide sebum. 30. What will the researchers further study? A. When Parkinson’s can be treated. B. How pet dogs can be trained better. C. Whether dogs can detect Parkinson’s. D. Which breeds can detect Parkinson’s best. 31. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Pet dogs: A New Skill Unlocked B. Parkinson’s: Early Found, Early Cured C. Parkinson’s: A Potential Risk Discovered D. Pet dogs: Different Breeds, Different Abilities (重在考查推理判断+主旨大意+词义猜测) 01 (2023-2024学年高一下·南京市江宁区·期末统考) D Have you ever found that you were able to sleep better with an air conditioner or fan running or perhaps with the sound of rain falling outside? If so, then you’re already familiar with white noise. White noise refers to a noise that has a mixture of all the audible(听得见的)frequencies that the human ear can detect. It is a combination of all the frequencies of sound played at once. It can cover the sounds of other noises because of its various frequencies, leading many people to experience its calming effects. Studies have that listening to white noise positively found affects sleep. For example, people living in a high-noise area of New York City fell asleep faster and spent more of their time in bed asleep while listening to white noise. In another study, listening to white noise through headphones improved sleep quality for seriously ill patients in a loud hospital room. However, more research is needed to confirm whether the characteristics of white noise itself improve sleep or whether the sound primarily helps by covering background noise. However, a recent analysis of multiple studies looking at white noise’s effect on sleep has produced mixed results. The researchers are doubtful about the quality of existing evidence and conclude that further research is necessary in order to widely recommend white noise as a sleep aid. They also note that in some instances, white noise can disturb a person’s sleep and may affect their hearing. Despite that, researchers are still optimistic that the steady hum of white noise might reduce a sleeper’s sensitivity to unpredictable noises from the environment, such as transportation sounds like cars and planes, which are considered a major contributor to poor sleep. 32. Why does white noise have calming effects? A. It can absorb other noises. B. It can help people sleep better. C. It can be detected by human ears. D. It can cover the sounds of other noises. 33. How does the author explain the benefits of white noise? A. By giving examples. B. By telling stories. C. By asking questions. D. By making comparisons. 34. Which statement may researchers agree with according to the last two paragraphs? A. White noise should be strongly recommended as a sleep aid. B. Harmful effects of white noise have become a major concern. C. Poor sleep will make people sensitive to the unpredictable noises. D. More researches are needed to confirm the effect of white noise on sleep. 35. Which of the following can be a suitable tile for the text? A. How Does White Noise Work? B. Is White Noise Harmful in Any Way? C. Does White Noise Help You Sleep? D. What Are the Benefits of White Noise? 02 (2023-2024学年高一下·南京市六校联合体·期末联考) D When we look at a lovely baby, a puppy or a really cute kitten many of us want to squeeze it. Why is that? According to a study published in the journal Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, it’s a typical experience of “cute aggression”. The experience results from the fight between the brain’s “emotion system”, which impels(驱使)people to squeeze cute things, and its “reward system” which deals with feelings of “wanting”. In the study, 54 participants between the ages of 18 and 40 were presented with four groups of photos. Two of the groups of photos were of cute human babies and animals and the other two were of less adorable adult humans and animals. As the participants looked at the photos, there searchers watched their brain activities. According to the researchers, the participants reward systems were found to be active as they looked at the cute babies, and they seemed to be overwhelmed(征服的). By contrast, the reward systems of the people looking at the less cute adults were found to be inactive, and they seemed to be less impelled by their reward systems. This suggests that cute things activate their emotion systems in such a way that people are overwhelmed by the experience of cuteness. But reward systems work against these emotions by creating the desire to protect cute things. As Katherine Stavropoulos, the lead researcher of this study at the University of California in the US told Science Alert, “The cute aggression is the brain’s way of ‘bringing us back down’ by balancing our feelings of being overwhelmed.” Stavropoulos compared this process of balancing to an evolutionary adaptation. Such an adaptation may have taken place to ensure that people are able to continue taking care of creatures they consider particularly cute. So, although cute babies and adorable animals may look completely helpless, their vulnerable( 易受伤害的)appearance may in fact help them to survive. 32. According to the text, “cute aggression” refers to ________. A. the emotion of wanting to protect cute things B. the task of emotion system and reward system C. the adaptation of consistently taking care of cute creatures D. the behavior of squeezing a cute baby or animal when seeing it 33. In nature, “cute aggression” is caused by ________. A. the need of the brain to balance all feelings B. the photos of cute human babies and animals C. the vulnerable appearance of babies or animals D. the conflict between emotion system and reward system 34. Which of the following statements about the study is TRUE? A. Facial expressions of the participants were observed. B. Katherine Stavropoulos conducted this study on her own. C. Cute babies and animals affected brain activities of all the participants. D. The participants were divided into two groups in order to make comparison. 35. What is the author's purpose in writing this text? A. To persuade readers to protect cute animals. B. To stress the significance of cute aggression. C. To present research findings on cute aggression. D. To share an interesting phenomenon with readers 03 (2023-2024学年高一下·苏州市·期末统考) D(原卷为C篇) People send messages every day on social media. These online conversations can have a huge impact and shape how societies make decisions. But there is a growing problem. Sometimes people don’t listen to each other and can say really hurtful things. Would it be better if there were an advisor in online talks? We tried to use artificial intelligence(AI)(人工智能)to carry out this task. So, we did an online experiment with pairs of people discussing a challenging topic. In the first group, one participant(参与者)in each pair had an AI helper. The AI tried to make sure the discussion was polite and respectful. It didn’t change the participant’s point of view, though! The participant could accept or refuse the suggestions or completely edit the message an AI helper offers. In the control group, the people had a conversation on the same topic but neither of the participants had an AI helper. After the discussions ended, the pairs shared their thoughts on how good the conversation was. In our study, the participants accepted the AI’s suggestions two thirds of the time. When they used the AI’s suggestions, the messages became more positive and polite. Participants whose partners used the AI reported feeling better about the conversation. They were more willing to understand and respect each other, even if they still disagreed. The people who used the AI themselves didn’t report a huge change in how they felt about the conversation. However, they were more willing to respect the opinions of others! The results of our study show that AI did a good job of making online discussions polite. But you don’t need a reminder to be respectful. Even in the vast digital world, each conversation matters. Your choice to be kind and respectful can make a big difference. It can promote a culture of healthy discussion and understanding. This is also true for real-life conversations. 32. What do the underlined words “this task” in paragraph 1 probably refer to? A. Starting talks. B. Guiding conversations. C. Changing views. D. Sending messages. 33. What do we learn about participants with AI helpers? A. They responded to AI politely. B. They changed views as AI suggested. C. They tended to respect others’ views. D. They experienced mixed feelings. 34. What does the author want to stress in the last paragraph? A. The effectiveness of AI in online discussions. B. The significance of respectful communication. C. The importance of reminders in conversations. D. The balance between technologies and choices. 35. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. Can Al remove mean posts? B. Can AI make online talks kinder? C. How to respect different opinions? D. How to reach an agreement online? 04 (2023-2024学年高一下·无锡市·期末统考) D(原卷为C篇) Most of us can’t smell our own breath. If someone bravely informs you your breath smells, believe them, and do something about it. Your breath can be the first sign that something in your body needs attention. Here are some tips to help you identify the cause, and how to fix it. Of the many causes of bad breath, 90% come from rotten(腐烂的)— smelling bacterial(细菌的)by-products inside our mouth. These by-products form a series of odours(气味)that can make our breath smell like rotten eggs or human waste. The largest and most significant odour-producing part is our tongue. The back of our tongue is a perfect place for bacteria that feed on dead cells, saliva(唾液)proteins, sinus ooze and fluids from untreated tooth disease. These bacteria can form a furry coat on our tongue that spreads through our breath. The good news is that you can fix this by brushing your tongue when you clean your teeth. Eating onion and garlic can add a sulphurous(硫的)tone to your breath for up to three days, due mainly to food particles left behind. Smoking also causes bad mouth smells to stay. Hard-to-reach places in the mouth where the toothbrush just can’t seem to clean can act like greenhouses where unhealthy bacteria develop. Spaces in faulty or broken fillings, holes in teeth, gap s in the gums, as well as improperly cleaned dental implants(移植)all contribute to bad odours. Your dentist can help identify these smell-promoting storing places, and fix or clean them. We all experience morning breath, with some suffering more than others. Morning breath occurs when our saliva flow slows or stops while we sleep. And without saliva to wash, everything seems to stop and the bacteria multiply to give off gassy odours. Other factors that reduce saliva include stress, anxiety, blood-pressure-reducing medication, drugs, caffeine and alcohol. This is why it is important to brush your teeth, and use suitable tools such as proper brushes before going to bed. 32. What is the function of paragraph 1? A. To share an experience. B. To introduce a topic. C. To state an opinion. D. To raise a question. 33. What does the underlined word “identify” mean in paragraph 2? A. Confirm. B. Report. C. Avoid. D. Present. 34. Which part contributes most in producing bad smell? A. Mouth. B. Teeth. C. Tongue. D. Nose. 35. What shall we do to avoid bad breath? A. Keep off onion and garlic. B. Reduce smoking. C. Skip meals frequently. D. Drink coffee and alcohol. 36. What could be the best title of this passage? A. Dirty tongues lead to bad smell B. Improper habits cause bad smell C. Follow daily routine and avoid bad breath D. Find the causes of bad breath and the ways to remove it 05 (2023-2024学年高一下·常州市·期末统考) D(原卷为C篇) In a world featuring endless choices, the search for simplicity has become more than just a desire—it’s a necessity. The book Yes Means Yes, Everything Else Means No explores the philosophy of simplicity and decision-making. Written by Bruce Mullen, this book goes beyond self-help clichés(陈词滥调)and offers a genuine, actionable approach to guiding life’s choices. The book recognizes decision-making as the centre of human existence and invites readers to admit each decision carries a weight. “Yes Means Yes, Everything Else Means No” sums up a sign if can’t rule—a definite “Yes” and a clear “No.” It encourages readers to focus on the “Yes” and stop readers from puting their effort into uncertain things. Another rule stressed in the book is simplicity in decision-making. By adopting simplicity, decision-makers aim to get the key information, focus on the most related factors, and avoid unnecessary aspects, enabling quicker judgments and swifter conclusions. The book is a practical guide to enhance decision-making skills. The author doesn’t merely express the philosophy but equips readers with the tools they need to apply effectively. From techniques to give preference to tasks to methods for avoiding distractions(分心), the book offers skills for simplifying the decision-making process. Through personal experiences, Mullen determined the power of simplification, guiding people to make decisions according to one’s own values and desires. Beyond individual context, this book also influences business strategies, relationship dynamics, and societal considerations. Mullen not only explores the essence of “yes means yes” but stresses the significance of making clear decisions at a crossroads. “Yes Means Yes, Everything Else Means No” is more than a book; it’s a philosophy that can change how we approach decisions. For those seeking to guide life with clarity and purpose, this book is a guiding light in the fog of in decision. 32. What are the readers encouraged to do according to paragraph 2? A. Solve uncertain matters. B. Summarize a key principle. C. Concentrate on related things. D. Make decisions independently. 33. Why is the book a practical guide to readers? A. To provide readers with life values. B. To help readers express philosophy. C. To improve readers’ critical thinking skills. D. To equip readers with decision-making skills. 34. What is paragraph 4 of the text mainly about? A. Definition of simplicity. B. Rules of making decisions. C. Benefits of stressing clarity. D. Influences of decision-making. 35. What is the article aimed at? A. Recommending a book. B. Sharing a positive attitude. C. Describing a simple lifestyle D. Solving philosophical problems. 06 (2023-2024学年高一下·常州市·期末统考) D The Food and Drug Administration on Tuesday proposed maximum limits for the amount of lead(铅)in baby foods, after years of studies revealed that many processed products contained levels known to pose a risk to baby health. “This is really important progress for babies,” said Scott Faber, vice president of public affairs for the Environmental Working Group, a nonprofit organization that had advised the agency(机构)to take action to remove metals from foods. “We were thankful that F.D.A. has made reducing poisonous metals in baby food a priority(优先事项).” The new limits, aimed at foods for children under 2, do not deal with grain-based snacks that have also been found to contain high levels of heavy metals. And they do not limit other metals, like cadmium, which the agency and many consumer groups have found in baby foods in previous years. Jane Houlihan, research director for Healthy Babies Bright Futures, a nonprofit, called the guidelines disappointing. “It doesn’t go far enough to protect babies from neurodevelopmental(神经发育的)damage from lead exposures,” she said. “Lead is in almost every baby food we’ve tested, and the action levels that F.D.A. has set will influence almost none of that food.” The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has said there is no safe level of lead for children, who more readily absorb the heavy metal. The agency estimated that the proposed levels could reduce the dietary(饮食的)exposure to lead for some young children by about 25 percent. However, according to the F.D.A., even low levels of lead exposure in children can lead to “learning disabilities, behavior difficulties and lowered I.Q”. Lead is everywhere in the environment from decades of uncontrolled use in gasoline for cars, farm machinery, aircraft and paint, said Tracey Woodruff, a scientist at the University of California. Mr. Faber said the new guideline would cause food companies to encourage suppliers to change their farming practices to reduce the lead levels in food. “I think that past history has shown that farmers and food companies are very quickly able to change how they grow and process these ingredients to meet tougher standards,” he said. 32. What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A. The purposes of the guidelines. B. The benefits of the guidelines. C. The disadvantages of the guidelines. D. The functions of the guidelines. 33. Why does the guideline disappoint Jane Houlihan? A. It aims at all kinds of poisonous metals. B. It only focuses on reducing the amount of lead. C. It fails to protect children from lead exposures. D. It encourages farmers to deal with snacks with heavy metals. 34. Which of the following best describes Mr. Faber’s attitude towards the guideline? A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Cautious. D. Unclear. 35. What change may the guideline bring directly according to the last paragraph? A. The way of farming. B. The lifestyle of the farmers. C. The supplies of food. D. The management of the food companies. 07 (2023-2024学年高一下·常州市溧阳市·期末统考) D(原卷为C篇) “The news is ... there is no news.” With those words, outside St Mary’s Hospital in London awaiting the birth of Prince George in July 2013, my reporting for the BBC went viral on the Internet. Not for what I was saying but the way I was saying it. The helpless look. The depressed tone. Viewers could relate to me. Because they are human. And so am I. Fedha is not human. Yes, the fair-haired woman looks human. This week she was introduced as the first presenter in Kuwait who works by artificial intelligence. “What kind of news do you prefer? Let's hear your opinions,” she says in Arabic. AI newsreaders actually never make a cock-up of their jobs. They can skip the mispronunciations, the complaints over foundation colours in makeup, and even the stresses over too-weak hairspray. To examine the problems that may come with an AI newsreader, I thought I would turn the tables and ask Genie — the chatbot powered by ChatGPT. “They may struggle with delivering the news in a way that is appealing to viewers,” Genie says. I get that. As far as delivering the news is concerned, the face and voice behind it matters. My ChatGPT friend also tells me that there are concerns about the potential for AI newsreaders to be used to spread false information, as they may not be able to determine the correctness of a story’s source. Not just in the delivery of news, but in its content. AI is already involved in the spread of “untrue news” — and that will only get worse. At a time when trust in news providers is reducing, the next few years threaten to be very challenging if that trust is to be regained. One of the main concerns about AI newsreaders is that they lack the human touch and emotion. I have delivered some of the biggest stories. Whether it be an air attack or the death of a major figure, it's not just the words that matter. You need to look and sound right. An AI newsreader cannot convey(传达)a reaction to a breaking story. 32. How did viewers react according to paragraph 1? A. They found the reporting confusing. B. They felt excited about the reporting. C. They considered the author unprofessional. D. They knew the author’s thoughts and feelings. 33. What does the underlined part “make a cock-up of” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Talk about. B. Make a fool of. C. Keep an eye on. D. Mess up. 34. What does Genie think of AI newsreaders? A. They may deliver misleading news. B. They can locate the source of a news story. C. They interact with viewers in an improper way. D. They wear the same facial expressions as humans. 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To voice his doubt about AI newsreaders. B. To share his experience of being a reporter. C. To introduce an AI newsreader called Fedha. D. To show ChatGPT's impact on news reporting. 08 (2023-2024学年高一下·常州市溧阳市·期末统考) D It is thought that music can benefit kids’ growth. Techniques for integrating(融入)music into math lessons range from clapping to pieces with different rhythms when learning numbers and fractions, to using math to design music al instruments. Previous research has shown that children who are better at music also do better at math. But whether teaching music to youngsters actually improves their math test scores has been less clear. To find out more, Turkish researcher Dr Ayea Akin, carried out a study. She first reviewed the results of 55 studies from around the world, involving almost 78,000young people from kindergarteners to university students. Then she classified the types of musical intervention in education: standardized music interventions(typical music lessons, in which children sing and listen to, and compose music), instrumental musical interventions(lessons in which children learn how to play instruments, either individually or as part of a band)and music-math integrated interventions, in which music is integrated into math lessons. Finally, she compared students’ math test results before and after taking part in the interventions. The result shows that the use of music, whether in separate lessons or as part of math classes, was connected with greater improvement in math over time. To be more specific, both subjects require abstract(抽象的)thought and quantitative reasoning. For example, geometry and music have much in common, such as the use of symmetry(对称). Arithmetic may lend itself particularly well to being taught through music because central concepts, such as fractions and ratios(比例), are also important to music. Integrated lessons are especially effective because they are more enjoyable than traditional math lessons and students can feel less nervous about math. Dr Taylor Francis, an expert in education, said, “The study can give teachers a real insight into both math and music education. However, the study can be more thorough. It should include more factors such as students’ gender(性别), socio-economic status and the length of musical instruction in the study.” 32. What may be the topic of Dr Ayca Akin’s study? A. How music can be integrated into math education. B. How math influences the design of musical instruments. C. How music education can benefit children at an early stage. D. How music influences students' academic performance in math. 33. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The forms of major music lessons. B. The significance of music lessons. C. The process of Dr Ayca Akin’s study. D. The differences of musical interventions. 34. Why are integrated lessons especially effective? A. They can ease students’ anxiety about math. B. They can teach integrating math to students. C. They can make abstract ideas easy to understand. D. They can make students connect music to geometry. 35. What is Dr Taylor Francis’ attitude towards the study? A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Objective. D. Unclear. 09 (2023-2024学年高一下·镇江市·期末统考) D(原卷为C篇) What does a 450-million-year old land plant have to do with waking you up for work in the morning? Unless you’re sleeping on a forest floor, we’d say not a whole lot. Moss(苔藓)Echo is out to change all that, bringing ancient nature into the modern home in a rather clever little device. The Moss Echo has actual moss growing on it. But it’s not just a mini garden; it’s a handy home device that keeps time, works as an alarm clock and includes a Bluetooth speaker, with an LED display that’s programmed through a smartphone app. Moss sits on a replaceable moss filter(过滤器), which surrounds the network of LED bulbs(灯泡). Besides, Moss Echo has been created by its team to act as a powerful purifier(净化器), with the plant’s tiny leaf-like structures—called phyllids—taking in pollutants and then releasing clean air back into the environment. It also comes with plenty of nature-themed features, like a sleep mode that plays relaxing sounds of the great outdoors to help you drift off, and an alarm clock that’ll wake you up in an equally gentle way. For anyone who has experienced a moss takeover in the garden, you’ll know that these plants are extremely adaptable. The moss here can survive for six months without water, but we don’t recommend preventing your little air-quality helpers from a drink;  the creators suggest giving it a spritz(喷)a couple of times a day. However, if your brown thumb does strike, makers Moss  Lab have replacement filters that click into the device’s frame(框), for an additional cost. If watered, even irregularly, the moss should stay happy and healthy for many years. There are some personalizing add-ons, like switching up the look with different wood and metal frames, for an additional price. The Moss Echo is available for US$179, which is 40% off expected retail. Included in the pack is a white or black unit, USB-C cable and a sleek water spray bottle. 32. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about Moss Echo? A. Its size. B. Its functions. C. Its price. D. Its structure. 33. Which of the following helps Moss Echo to act as a purifier? A. Phyllids. B. The network of LED bulbs. C. The moss filter. D. The Bluetooth speaker. 34. What can we infer about the moss from paragraph 3? A. It only lives for 6 months. B. It is easy to survive. C. It adapts to the environment slowly. D. It doesn’t need watering. 35. What can we learn about Moss Echo? A. It costs more than US$200. B. It offers wood and metal frames for free. C. It helps to improve your gardening skills. D. It combines nature with modern technology. 10 (2023-2024学年高一下·镇江市·期末统考) D Are you one of those people who, when you have a cappuccino or tea in a café, immediately write a review about it on Google? Some of us tend to write about every single experience. It doesn't matter how small they may be: buying a book, taking a train trip, going to the hairdresser... These messages and scores that describe our experiences provide information to other people. The phenomenon(现象)shows that we live in a society extremely fond of labels(标签). It seems we've learned to live our lives guided by reviews and comments on social media, by  “likes”, and by the number of stars awarded to a product or a person. However, are we taking it to the extreme? The delusion(错觉)of hyper-valuation(高估)is the tendency for any product, experience, situation, or person to be the object of numerical(数字的)labeling. In fact, something as simple as having a coffee or reading a book, now requires you to make the effort and translate that experience into a score of one, two, or even five yellow stars. Social media and the delusion of hyper-valuation have introduced the idea to you that everything must be perfect. You seek the best experience. The ideal person. The dream service. For example, you want your coffee to take you to the Piazza di Spagna in Rome. You want the hotel pillow you sleep on to be as soft as silk and the taxi you take to have the shiniest wheels. Only then will you give the service five stars and a good review. The idea that you're going to value everything about the experience when it ends forces you to live it through the filter(滤镜)of analysis and judgment. It leads you, sooner or later, to feelings of frustration and dissatisfaction. Because sometimes, the coffee might be cold and bitter, but it's not the end of the world. Indeed, imperfection is a part of life and it has its own certain charm. 32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph? A. Bad behavior in public places. B. Lack of communication between friends. C. Impatience with service in a café. D. Addiction to sharing review s on social media. 33. Why does the author mention the examples in paragraph 5? A. To show overly high expectations. B. To provide practical solutions. C. To present positive reviews. D. To list good services. 34. What's the author's attitude towards imperfection? A. Acceptable. B. Negative. C. Uncertain. D. Doubtful. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. Development of social media B. Necessity of numerical labeling C. Delusion of hyper-evaluation D. Popularity of e-mail messages 11 (2023-2024学年高一下·南通市·期末统考) D Neuralink has conducted its first surgical test of a brain chip implant(芯片植入), announcing a new step of Elon Musk’s ambitious plan to let humans wirelessly(无线)connect their brains with phones and other devices. Months before, for its clinical trial, Neuralink called for volunteers aged 22 and above with quadriplegia(四肢瘫痪)due to a brain injury or ALS, a disease that prevents people from controlling their bodies. This clinical trial is called PRIME — for Precise Robotically Implanted Brain-Computer Interface. As the name implies, the process involves using a robot to surgically put the wires of the company’s implant into a part of the brain related to movement. The implant procedure employs custom-made microscopic needles. The tip is only 10 to 12 microns in width — slightly larger than the diameter of a red blood cell, which allows threads to be put in with minimal damage to the brain. Neuralink has previously faced different opinions due to accusations(指控)in 2022 and 2023 against the effect the company’s practices produced on monkeys and other animals used in testing. “No monkey has died as a result of a Neuralink implant,” Musk said in response last September, “to reduce risk to healthy monkeys, we chose terminal monkeys.” Research in computers and neurology(神经学)has been going for decades, including the fast growing field of decoding(解码)the brain’s electrical activity around words,  impulses and images. Much of the ongoing research has sought to bring people affected by paralysis and blindness new ways of interacting with the world. But implants have also long been seen as having the potential to “enhance” people who aren’t affected by such serious conditions. “Imagine the joy of connecting with your loved ones, surfing the Internet or even playing games using only your thoughts,” Neuralink said. 32. Through brain chip implant test, Neuralink aims ________. A. to reduce people’s control over the outside world B. to call for more people to volunteer in the research C. to cure people of diseases such as quadriplegia and ALS D. to enable people to use modern devices with their minds 33. What does the underlined word “terminal” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Full of energy. B. Close to death. C. Willing to be volunteers. D. Unlikely to be sick. 34. What can be concluded about the Neuralink implant? A. It has been going on for decades. B. It can also benefit healthy people. C. It can make your loved ones happier. D. It is conducted widely across the world. 35. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Neuralink Put Implant into a Human Brain B. Neuralink Researched in Computer Technology C. Neuralink Helped to Connect Your Beloved Ones D. Neuralink Treated Rare Diseases Just with Needles 12 (2023-2024学年高一下·泰州市·期末统考) D(原卷为B篇) We have all heard how plastic pollution has overflowed every corner of the world. Recently, scientists have made a surprising discovery that microplastics are even found in the human bloodstream. After analyzing blood samples(样本)from 22 healthy people, researchers found microplastics in 17 of them! Most of the microplastics were classified as polyethylene terephthalate(PET), which is commonly found in drink bottles, and there were small amounts of polyethylene, which makes up plastic bags. Although the exact chemical effects of microplastics on our bodies are unknown, it is clear that the increasing amounts of plastic in our environment could bring a risk to human cells in the future. Microplastics were never considered a significant threat to the atmosphere until recent studies began to reveal that they could be found everywhere across the skies. For example, scientists recently discovered the presence of microplastics in the Pyrenees Mountain Range in Europe, believed to have arrived by rain or snow. The low mass of microplastics makes them spread through air, which is why they can travel hundreds, even thousands, of miles from their source. They are also likely to spread through wastewater, oceans, and even soil. Microplastics that are being blown and swept into the air have the potential to affect air quality and cloud formation. In fact, massive microplastics in the air could form such a kind of clouds that tend to stick around longer than naturally forming clouds. With microplastics accumulating in the air we breathe, there is also an increasing concern that they may affect human lungs. The new study will allow scientists to better understand the impacts on human health and is a reminder of the need to find other replacements for plastic. 32. What have scientists discovered about microplastics recently? A. They are mainly made up of PET. B. They’re a major source of pollution. C. They exist everywhere in the world. D. They’ve found their way into human bodies. 33. Why is the Pyrenees Mountain Range mentioned in the fourth paragraph? A. To present a fact. B. To provide evidence. C. To study a phenomenon. D. To introduce a topic. 34. What does the underlined word “accumulating” in the last paragraph mean? A. Becoming plentiful. B. Keeping declining. C. Staying unchanged. D. Remaining unnoticed. 35. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A book review. B. An academic paper. C. A scientific report. D. An environment brochure. 13 (2023-2024学年高一下·泰州市·期末统考) D(原卷为C篇) Some of the 17 million Americans suffering from major depressive disorder may soon receive a surprising new suggestion from their doctors: Have fun on a virtual reality(VR)device. “Depression impacts so many people right now, and we thought VR could have a large impact,” said Bullock, founder of Stanford’s Neurobehavioral Clinic and Virtual Reality program. “There can be significant barriers to behavioral activation(行为激活)in some patients — they might be stuck in a hospital bed, or have no means to involve themselves in enjoyable activities like getting outside, exercising and volunteering. We started wondering whether simulated(模拟的)pleasant activities could be a good first step for them.” The study by Bullock’s team, published in JMIR Mental Health, followed 26 people with major depressive disorder. Half were told to plan and take part in real life activities like going on outings in their community or socializing with friends. The other half used a virtual reality headset to participate in activities ranging from table tennis to touring foreign cities or attending shows. After four weeks, people in both groups saw a decrease in their symptoms of depression and their depression rating by similar amounts. “People who might otherwise have barriers to getting treatment might be open to using this technology in their own homes,” said Margot Paul, a professor of mental and behavioral sciences. Bullock believes the cost and ease of many VR platforms—especially those that have mobile phones put into cheap cardboard headsets—make it an easy treatment to promote. The team says larger and longer-term studies are needed to find the best ways to practice virtual behavioral activation, as well as which patient populations might be best targeted with the VR treatment. They also think more efforts are needed to inform doctors about how to practice VR behavioral activation appropriately. 32. What is the benefit of using virtual reality to treat depression? A. It provides easier access to mood-lifting activities. B. It increases public awareness regarding depression. C. It motivates those with serious depression to get out. D. It is more effective than taking part in real life activities. 33. What’s Margot Paul’s attitude towards the VR treatment? A. Unclear. B. Favorable. C. Doubtful. D. Negative. 34. What might the follow-up study focus on? A. Cutting down on the cost of VR treatment. B. Exploring how VR lifts the patient’ spirits. C. Putting the VR treatment into practical use. D. Encouraging doctors to adopt VR treatment. 35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. VR — a simple tool to treat depression B. VR — a shared world without frontiers C. VR — a replacement for traditional drugs D. VR — a technology taking the world by storm 14 (2023-2024学年高一下·扬州市·期末统考) D(原卷为C篇) Researchers working in the ancient city of Pompeii, Italy, have found two frescoes(a type of wall painting)in a large dining hall. The art has laid undisturbed beneath ash and pumice(a kind of rock that comes from volcanoes)for nearly 2,000 years. Pompeii was a Roman city in ancient Italy, until an eruption by Mount Vesuvius, a nearby volcano, in AD 79 buried it. The thick layer of ash and rock protected many of Pompeii’s treasures from damage and thieves. Teams of archaeologists, experts who study ancient objects to help us understand history, are gradually uncovering its mysteries. The team put a special kind of glue into the back of the frescoes to keep them from falling off the wall. A roof is being put up over the room too, to protect it from the weather. The paintings show figures from Greek stories, including Helen of Troy, the daughter of the god Zeus, and Cassandra, who could predict the future. The Romans admired Greek culture. Experts say the style of the art is unusual for the time. The frescoes are painted on a black wall, and experts think the colour was chosen to hide soot, a black powder produced by the oil-burning lamps used at the time. It also makes the frescoes stand out brightly. The floor of the dining room is a mosaic(马赛克)where patterns are created with small tiles(瓷砖). Researchers think the mosaic, which is white with a black border, contains a million tiles that would have reflected the sun up onto the paintings. Archaeologists think they know who owned the building and paintings because they found the initials “ARV” carved into a wall. Dr Sophie Hay told the BBC, “We know who ARV is: he’s Aulus Rustius Verus. He’s a politician. He’s super-rich.” Though there have been many incredible finds in the Pompeii area in recent years, uncovering Pompeii is tricky, expensive and time-consuming. A third of the city is still buried, but it will stay that way for now. The hope is that technology will improve and future archaeologists will find better ways of digging up the remaining ruins. 32. What can we conclude about the two frescoes? A. They were found on the roof of a dining hall. B. They were first buried for better protection. C. They are now well protected by the experts. D. They are typical art works of Italian culture. 33. How does the author introduce the style of the art? A. By giving examples. B. By making comparisons. C. By telling stories. D. By providing explanations. 34. What does the “the initials” mean in paragraph 4? A. The first letters. B. The great politicians. C. The rich persons. D. The famous painters. 35. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. The study of the buried city was incredible. B. Uncovering Pompeii is a really easy task. C. The whole city will be brought to light soon. D. Better ways are needed to uncover Pompeii. 15 (2023-2024学年高一下·扬州市·期末统考) D As China continues its way to higher-quality economic development, it is increasing its dependence on the Intelligent Economy, driven by innovation and new technologies such as artificial intelligence(AI). While development of AI in the West began in the 1950s, China did not begin conducting its own AI research until the end of the 1970s. Despite its later start, China’s AI research is among the most advanced in the world in some areas. China now ranks first in its number of AI research papers, AI patent(专利)applications and the scale of its AI industry and research. The development of AI is now part of China’s national strategy. In 2017, China released the New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan, which set the goal of reaching global forefront in AI by 2030. China is also strengthening international cooperation in the development of AI, especially with the United States. As the world’s two largest economies, development and competition between China and the United States in AI development is attracting global attention. China has a lot to learn from the United States in the depth and breadth of its AI research. AI technology is having a positive impact on China in many fields. Technologies and products are arising in intelligent driving, smart homes and smart cities, and breakthroughs are being made in fields such as smart chips and general large language models. People are becoming used to AI-powered technologies, such as self-driving vehicles and aircraft, and contactless supermarkets. Like elsewhere in the world, AI development also creates moral risks in China, and the country is carrying out research on AI morals to ensure that technological development remains in line with social morals. AI presents a historic global opportunity, and China will continue to increase its investment in AI research and application and promote the integration(融合)of AI technology into other industries. Doing so will speed the development of the Intelligent Economy. 32. China now ranks first in the following fields except ________. A. the number of AI research papers B. the scale of AI industry C. the number of AI patent applications D. the design of AI chips 33. Why does the author mention the United States in the passage? A. To introduce a way of China’s AI development. B. To show us that China is far behind in this field. C. To compare the AI development of the two countries. D. To convey that China wants to attract global attention. 34. What is the author’s attitude towards the influence of AI technology? A. Negative. B. Positive. C. Objective. D. Uncertain. 35. What is the possible title of the passage? A. The Situation of Chinese Economy. B. The History of AI Technology. C. The Rise of the Intelligent Economy. D. The Future of Science Technology. 16 (2023-2024学年高一下·宿迁市泗阳县·期末统考) D(原卷为C篇) Artificial intelligence(AI)is generating excitement in the field of health care. From robot surgeons to the ability to chat to a medical AI with a human face, opportunities are enough. There is already evidence that AI systems can enhance diagnostic(诊断的)accuracy and disease tracking, improve the prediction of patients’ outcomes and suggest better treatments. It may already be speeding the time it takes for new drugs to reach clinical trials. However, progress has been slow and the results have often been mediocre. AI systems learn by processing huge volumes of data, which are under strict control by governments because patients want better and more personalized care but patients also want their medical privacy protected. Finding secure ways to allow health data to move more freely would help. Another problem is managing and regulating these innovations. In many countries, the governance of AI in health, as with other areas, is struggling to keep up with the rapid pace of innovation. Regulatory authorities may be slow to approve new AI tools or may lack capacity and expertise(专业技能). Governments need to equip regulators to assess new AI tools. The final problem involves motivations. Many private health systems are set up to reward the volume of work. They have little reason to adopt technologies that cut the number of visits, tests or procedures. And even public health systems may lack motivations to adopt technologies that reduce costs rather than improve outcomes, perhaps because saving money may lead to a smaller budget next year. Unless governments can change these motivations, AI’s wide application will be castles in the air. Much of the burden for boosting AI in health care falls on governments and regulators. However, companies have a part to play, too. Insurers have already used AI tools to deny healthcare unfairly; firms have mis-sold or overstated the abilities of health AI; algorithms have made mistakes. Firms have a duty to ensure that their products are safe and reliable and that humans, however imperfect, remain in control. 32. What does the underlined word “mediocre” mean in Paragraph 1? A. Unsatisfactory. B. Exciting. C. Surprising. D. Destructive. 33. Why does the government control data strictly? A. AI’s learning ability is out of control. B. AI’s innovation develops at a rapid pace. C. The medical privacy might be under attack. D. Patients want better and more personalized care 34. In paragraph 5, what leads to public health systems refusing AI? A. A smaller budget next year. B. Increased costs of AI’s innovation. C. Failing to offer effective treatment. D. Decreasing visits, tests or procedures. 35. What is the best title for the passage? A Boosting AI in health care. B. AI doctors? Not so optimistic. C. Applications of AI in health systems. D. Solutions to AI problems in health care. 17 (2023-2024学年高一下·宿迁市泗阳县·期末统考) D According to the standard, my husband’s body mass index(BMI身体质量指数)is too high. Yet he is the fittest person I know—an athlete carrying plenty of muscle and very little fat. There lies the problem with BMI. A recent study showed how imprecise BMI can be. Yftach Gepner, a professor at Tel Aviv University, looked at data about 3, 000 Israeli men and women. About one third of those with normal BMI were found to be obese(肥胖的)when their actual body fat was measured. And a third of those who were overweight by their BMI had actually normal amounts of body fat. Not only does BMI fail to distinguish between muscle and fat, but it says nothing about where fat sits in your body. With fat, as with real estate(房地产), location matters. Abdominal fat(腹部脂肪)carries higher risk, as does fat around vital organs. A 2018 study looked at MRI scans(磁共振成像扫描)—the gold standard for body-composition research—collected by the U. K. Biobank. The results showed that people with fat concentrated in their abdomen had higher risk of heart disease than people with the same BMI and of the same age whose fat was spread through other parts of their body. A further problem is that BMI is based on height and weight tables using data from Non-Hispanic white people, who usually have higher body fat than Hispanic white people with the same BMI. Yet researchers now know that race, sex and age affect body composition and health risks differently. For instance, Black people tend to have greater muscle mass and thus may not be considered as obese on the basis of BMI. The opposite is true for Asians, who tend to have more body fat at lower BMIs, so their actual disease risks may be missed. Although BMI has value for evaluating obesity, better methods exist for individuals. Bioelectrical impedance analysis, using electric signals to distinguish fat from muscle, is becoming more common in medical offices. DEXA scans, a type of X-ray imaging, tend to be more efficient yet more costly. With so many options available, no one, including health-care workers, should give BMI too much weight. 32. Why does the author present her husband’s example? A. To prove the accuracy of BMI. B. To present the problems of BMI. C. To introduce the popularity of BMI. D. To raise doubts about the recent study. 33. What does the underlined sentence “With fat, as with real estate, location matters” suggest in Paragraph 3? A. With higher fat comes higher risk. B. BMI can tell where fat is located. C Abdominal fat carries the highest risk. D. Where the fat sits is related to health risks. 34. For those with the same BMI, who might have the highest risk of diseases? A. Hispanic white people. B. Asians. C. Non-Hispanic white people. D. Black people. 35. What is the author’s attitude towards BMI? A. Concerned. B. Approving. C. Objective. D. Indifferent. 18 (2023-2024学年高一下·徐州市·期末统考) D(原卷为C篇) Tim Cook of Apple and Bob Iger of Disney lead the trend among CEOs to wake early, often before 6 am, a habit shared by two-thirds of American CEOs. This contrasts sharply with the general population, where less than a third rise early. The underlying message is that early rising relates to success. Bartleby, a columnist, has tried early starts and acknowledges benefits like clearing inboxes and solving problems before the day's mess. A 2012 study supports the benefits of early rising. It finds early risers to be happier and healthier, while night owls often suffer from insufficient sleep, affecting their mood, health, and productivity. The research also indicates that late risers earn 4% less than early risers. What's more, early risers enjoy higher social status, with latecomers often viewed as lazy or undisciplined. However, rising early has its drawbacks. Early risers might end up working as late as others due to urgent tasks that arise during the day. Moreover, they may become socially dull, missing out on evening socializing. Night owls, by contrast, tend to engage more in social activities. Changing one's natural sleep pattern is difficult due to genetic(基因的)factors. Bartleby's own attempts to wake early led to too much caffeine consumption. Finally, the best advice might be to accept one's natural rhythm and stop worrying about your body clock. Most people are neither early birds nor night owls, but in between. Many, including Bartleby, get sleepy in the afternoon, too. That is why most offices operate between 9 and 5 and why they ought to have nap rooms. 32. What does the author want to prove by mentioning Tim Cook and Bob Iger? A. Waking up early has something to do with success. B. Rising early enjoys great popularity among CEOs. C. Starting early tells CEOs and general people apart. D. Getting up early benefits people's mood and health. 33. What can be concluded about early risers? A. They suffer from insufficient sleep. B. They are better paid than later risers. C. They tend to be the last to leave the office. D. They spare evening time for social events. 34. What does the author suggest on changing the sleep pattern? A. Adjust the body clock gradually. B. Drink caffeine to keep awake. C. Don't transform the natural rhythm. D. Don't get into the napping habit. 35. What does the passage mainly focus on? A. Advantages and disadvantages of early starts. B. Development and importance of early rising. C. Relationship between early starts and success. D. Differences between early birds and night owls. 19 (2023-2024学年高一下·淮安市·期末统考) D(原卷为C篇) Humans aren't very good listeners. Not compared to some spiders(蜘蛛), anyway. Orb-weaver spiders don't have ears, but in 2022, researchers found the arachnids(蜘形钢动物)use their webs as external eardrums(鼓膜). The spider silk acts as a super-sensitive listening tool, capable of detecting noises from up to ten feet away, and this knowledge of spiders presents a big opportunity for humans to transform our own sound engineering, according to the research led by Ron Miles, a mechanical engineer at Binghamton University. The human experience of hearing is determined by air pressure in our ears. In response to pressure changes, our eardrums vibrate(震动)at different frequencies that send electrical signals to our brains, which distinguish the sounds. Microphones were built to imitate human eardrums, similarly vibrating in response to pressure changes. But to make the microphone more powerful and sensitive, they need to be larger-a reality that doesn't agree with the general desire for smaller and more transportable technology. "In this case, you should think about how small animals do it," says Miles. Spiderwebs are less affected by changes in air pressure. Instead, they vibrate in the airflow created by a sound wave, allowing the arachnids to “hear” by feeling that movement — and even locate the direction of the noise. Miles found that spider silk registered sounds between 1 hertz(赫兹)and 50 kilohertz — a much wider range than the 20 hertz to 20 kilohertz that humans can hear. By applying this sort of sound system to a microphone, man can make it quite a bit smaller without paying a price. The research presents a new point for a variety of advances in sound technology. Miles and others are working to develop new instruments, which might help teat hearing problems in babies. And spider silk-inspired sound systems may enable researchers to pick up on other sounds outside the human ear's range — such as low-frequency noises that predict the formation of tornadoes(龙卷风), which scientists can use to track the storms. 32. What do we know about the spider silk? A. It functions as a listening device. B. It acts as the spider's eardrums. C. It makes changes to air pressure. D. It interprets signals from the web. 33. What does the underlined word “registered” probably mean in paragraph 5? A. Created. B. Recorded. C. Applied. D. Pronounced. 34. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. The action against natural disasters. B. The inspiration for the new instruments. C. The working rule of the sound technology. D. The potential application of the technology. 35. What is a suitable title for the text? A. Never too late for us humans to learn from nature B. Time for humankind to live in peace with the spiders C. How spider silk gives inspiration to future microphones D. How the arachnids “hear” from long distances away without ears 20 (2023-2024学年高一下·盐城市·期末统考) D(原卷为C篇) Every day, we face a range of decisions, from picking a shirt for work to choosing a job. Some of these decisions have far-reaching consequences that may impact the rest of our lives. These choices can be difficult, and we aren’t often aware of the reasons behind why we make certain choices. A new study explores how we make decisions when it comes to short and long-term rewards(回报). It found that we were more impulsive(冲动)with decisions that may bring about an immediate reward than those that have longer-term consequences. The study was conducted by Professor Pleger from Ruhr University Bochm. The team wanted to know how we make decisions about what to eat and how to make a profit. They asked subjects to choose between smaller immediate rewards and larger rewards that they had to wait for. The longer they waited, the bigger the reward. Brain activity was observed using functional MRI, which shows which parts of the brain are active during decision-making. The brain observation revealed interesting differences when it came to each type of reward. When people made decisions about money, brain areas responsible for thinking about the future and self-control were more active. When deciding about food, the areas that are linked to immediate satisfaction were more involved. This means that our decision-making pattern depends on the type of reward that we are presented with. By understanding how our brains respond to different types of rewards, we may develop better tools that control how we make those decisions that may have serious consequences in our lives. Professor Pleger believes that understanding these differences can lead to new treatments for impulsive behaviors and addictions. For example, Neurofeedback(神经反馈)can observe real-time brain activity to help individuals manage their brain functions, which can help them make particularly difficult decisions, specifically surrounding unhealthy or addictive choices. 32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The process of Pleger’s study. B. The causes of brain activity. C. The theory of people’s choices. D. The methods of decision-making. 33. What do we know about the decision-making pattern according to the passage? A. It is responsible for better self-control. B. It is associated with different brain areas. C. It has nothing to do with the type of reward. D. It brings people more immediate satisfaction. 34. Why does the author mention the example in the last paragraph? A. To confirm the assumption. B. To show the application of the study. C. To compare the differences. D. To praise the effectiveness of the tools. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. How can we make reasonable decisions? B. Are your decisions linked to self-control? C. Are your decisions based on impulse or reason? D. How can we apply our decision-making pattern? 21 (2023-2024学年高一下·连云港市·期末统考) D AI is getting better and better at creating illustrations, musics, movies, stories and more. Tools that have risen sharply in popularity since late 2022 are changing the way people create content. AI can help jumpstart a person’s creativity by offering countless ideas, almost instantly. Kevin Baragona is the founder of Deep AI in San Francisco, California. It’s one of several AI tools people can use to generate artworks or writing in many different styles. “We’re pretty popular among the artistic community where people use us to inspire their own art,” he says. Deep AI also makes possible entirely new types of content. Baragona says you'll soon be able to generate Hollywood-quality movies to fit your tastes. “And the same thing with audio(音频),”he adds. “We’ll generate music just for you. It’s going to be pretty cool.” Not everyone is happy about AI's introduction into artistic fields, though. Some artists and writers object to their work being used to train AI models without their permission. And in 2023, Hollywood screenwriters and actors went on strike(罢工), partially because of concerns about how AI-generated writing and acting could change the movie business. These walkouts ended up getting some limits about how AI can be used to write scripts(剧本)and describe actors and characters. As people get used to AI and society establishes guidelines for its use, we might become more welcoming about its place in art. For example, consider the game of chess. AI can defeat the strongest human grandmasters at the game, yet people still play and compete. They now use AI to train and to develop new strategies. Chess is more popular than ever, and AI may be part of the reason. Visual artist Matt Saunders told the Harvard Gazette newspaper, “We should be thankful to be challenged and knocked out of our habits!” 32. What does the underlined word “jumpstart” mean in paragraph 1? A. Promote. B. Kill. C. Lower. D. Imitate. 33. What do we know about Deep AI according to Kevin Baragona? A. Many artists may find it helpful. B. Many artists feel challenged by it. C. It is famous for Hollywood movies. D. It is owned by an artistic community. 34. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Limits on using AI. B. Reasons for a strike. C. Negative attitudes to AI. D. Worries about losing jobs. 35. What might be the author's attitude toward using AI? A. Unclear. B. Doubtful. C. Approving. D. Objective. 22 (2023-2024学年高一下·南京市金陵中学·期末校考) D Imagine this. You need an image of a balloon for a work presentation and turn to an AI text- to- image generator to create a suitable image. You enter the prompt(提示词)“red balloon against a blue sky” but the generator return s an image of an egg instead. What’s going on? The generator you’re using may have been “poisoned”. What does this mean? Text- to- image generators work by being trained on large datasets that include millions or billions of images. Some of the generators have been trained by indiscriminately scraping online images, many of which may be under copyright. This has led to many copyright infringement(侵害)cases where artists have accused big tech companies of stealing and profiting from their work. This is also where the idea of “poison” comes in. Researchers who want to empower individual artists have recently created a tool named “Nightshade” to fight back against unauthorised image scraping. The tool works by slightly altering an image’s pixels(像素)in a way that confuses the computer vision system but leaves the image unaltered to a human’s eyes. If an organization then scrapes one of these images to train a future AI model, its data pool becomes “poisoned”. This can result in mistaken learning, which makes the generator return unintended results. As in our earlier example, a balloon might become an egg. The higher the number of “poisoned” images in the training data, the greater the impact. Because of how generative AI works, the damage from “poisoned” images also affects related prompt keywords. Possibly, tools like Nightshade can be abused by some users to intentionally upload “poisoned” images in order to confuse AI generators. But the Nightshade’s developer hopes the tool will make big tech companies more respectful of copyright. It does challenge a common belief among computer scientists that data found online can be used for any purpose they see fit. Human rights activists, for example, have been concerned for some time about the indiscriminate use of machine vision in wider society. This concern is particularly serious concerning facial recognition. There is a clear connection between facial recognition cases and data poisoning, as both relate to larger questions around technological governance. It may be better to see data poisoning as an innovative solution to the denial of some fundamental human rights. 32. The underlined word “scraping”(para. 2)is closest in meaning to ________. A. facilitating B. collecting C. damaging D. polishing 33. According to the passage, adding poisoned data might ________. A. increase the accuracy of returned information B. lead users to forget the prompt key words C. cause trouble to with the training of generative AI D. discriminate against great masterpieces 34. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Data poisoning is somehow justified to direct attention to human rights. B. Computer scientists has learned to respect the copyright of most artists. C. Nightshade is being abused by human rights activists to recognize faces. D. The issue of technological governance has aroused the lawyers’ interest, 35. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Data Poisoning: Government Empowering Citizens to Protect Themselves B. Data Poisoning: Addressing Facial Recognition Issues Among Artists C. Data Poisoning: Risks and Rewards of Generative AI Data Training D. Data Poisoning: Restricting Innovation or Empowering Artists 23 (2023-2024学年高一下·常州市联盟学校·期末联考) D Last week a study was published showing that people with bowel cancer(肠癌)who drink coffee — quite a lot of coffee, two to four cups a day — were less likely to suffer a return of the disease. Experts have said that if the results hold in further studies, coffee could be prescribed(开处方)to cancer patients on the NHS(National Health Service). That coffee does have an effect on human function is no doubt — but whether that impact is beneficial or harmful has been controversial(有争议的)since its beginning in the mid-15th century. The native peoples of the forests of Kaffa in south-west Ethiopia searched for berries(浆果)from wild coffee plants that were shipped across the Red Sea to prepare the decoction(煮出的汁)known as qahwa, which was used to reduce their desire for sleep. Once mainstream Islamic courts said coffee was not poisonous, consumption became widespread among the Muslim populations in the Middle East and the Ottoman empire. First regarded as a form of medicine, Turkish traders introduced coffee to Venice, where it was prescribed for digestive disorders. It was served in small, cold potions. London’s first coffee houses appeared in the 1650s, attracting customers with the advertised health benefits of the new beverage. However, not all were convinced. The 1674 Women’s Petition Against Coffee declared that too much coffee consumption weakened men and made them unproductive. Since the 1960s, mass surveys of coffee drinkers have shown different results of its impact. In 1991 the World Health Organization listed coffee as a possible cause of cancer, but in 2016 this conclusion was reversed(反转)as more studies have shown a larger number of positive outcomes being associated with coffee drinking. Following centuries on the defensive(处于守势), it may be time for coffee professionals to dust down those handbills and channel their inner Pasqua Rosée. 32. What was the main finding of the recent study mentioned in paragraph 1? A. Coffee has no impact on human function. B. Drinking coffee reduces the risk of bowel cancer. C. People with bowel cancer should avoid drinking coffee. D. Coffee has no effect on the return of bowel cancer. 33. Why does the writer mention the history of coffee consumption? A. To highlight the cultural significance of coffee in different regions. B. To emphasize the historical controversy around coffee’s health effects. C. To show coffee’s long-standing popularity and usage. D. To show the link between coffee’s origins and its medical applications. 34. Which is the most suitable title for this passage? A. The Dark Side of Coffee: A Hidden Cancer Risk B. The Bitter Drink: Coffee’s Secret in Being Popular C. Uncovering the Truth: Coffee’s Cancer-Fighting History D. Surprising History of Coffee: From Controversial Drink to Potential Cancer Cure 35. Which section of the journal might this article belong to? A. Health & fitness. B. Home & garden. C. History & Culture. D. Finance & investment. 24 (2023-2024学年高一下·盐城市一中·期末校考) D Today’s amazing newspaper headline! First family of four to walk to the South Pole wearing Mickey Mouse ears and clown’s shoes. No, not really. It isn’t true. I invented it. But I wouldn’t be surprised to see it one day soon. It seems that every week someone becomes ”the first” or “the youngest” or “the oldest” or even “the first married couple” to do something that doesn’t seem to be very useful to the rest of humanity. This year I’ve seen headlines saying “The youngest person to sail the Atlantic alone”, “The youngest Briton to climb Mount Everest”, and “The first people to fly around the world in a hot air balloon”. Why do they do it? Don’t they have better things to do with their time and money? And why should I be interested anyway? Human beings have already climbed the highest mountains, sailed across the oceans and flown around the world. People have already reached the most remote parts of our planet. Many of these things were done a long, long time ago. There just isn’t anything left to explore nowadays. I suppose there’s still a lot of the universe left, and the bottom of the oceans is still a bit of a mystery, but you need a lot of technology to explore areas like that. So, those people who feel the need for adventure can only do things that have been done before. So they have to try and do it in a new way, or be “the fastest” or “the youngest” or “the oldest” to do something that isn’t really new at all. What is so great about climbing Mount Everest these days anyway? It’s become a popular tourist trip. People pay thousands of dollars to be taken up the mountain by the local Sherpas, who lead the way and carry the bags. At any one time there are about a thousand people either climbing up or on their way back down. As a result, Everest is covered with rubbish and the Sherpas have to make special trips up the mountain to pick it up. The climbers are often inexperienced and when they get into trouble other people have to risk their lives to bring them down to safety. Helicopter crews have been killed trying to reach people who were stuck on the mountain. In January 2003 a helicopter carrying two British men crashed into the sea near Antarctica. I’m not quite sure what they were trying to be “the first” or “the youngest” to do. The Chilean navy picked them up after a nine-hour rescue mission that cost tens of thousands of pounds, all paid for by the Chilean and British taxpayers. Talking of taxpayers, many Australians are getting a bit fed up with record breakers. A lot of people trying to break sailing or rowing records get into trouble in the seas around Australia, so the Australian navy has to send ships to save them. There have been a lot of difficult, time-consuming rescue missions in recent years costing the Australian government millions of dollars. I suppose we can’t just leave them to drown, but personally, I think we should give the bill to the people who are rescued. Perhaps they would think twice about doing it if they had to pay for expensive insurance premiums(保费). Then I wouldn’t have to read about them in the newspapers either. 32. The writer invents the newspaper headline in paragraphs 1 & 2 to ________. A. persuade readers of a new trend B. entertain readers with his humor C. get readers interested in the topic D. remind readers of an important event 33. By saying “It’s become a popular tourist trip”, the writer means ________. A. Mount Everest is now covered with a lot of rubbish B. climbing Mount Everest has already lost its true meaning C. it’s impossible to climb up Mountain Everest without help D. people without experience may get in trouble or even danger 34. Which is the reason why many Australians dislike the record breakers? A. They have to pay for the costs of rescuing the record breakers. B. The Australian navy was not something intended for rescue work. C. The record breakers should pay for their insurance premiums themselves. D. A great number of people try to break records in the seas around Australia. 35. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. It’s All Been Done Before B. Never Do Something New C. You Are the Next Record Breaker D. Be Responsible for Your Adventures 25 (2023-2024学年高一下·盐城市亭湖高级中学·期末校考) D Arthur Brooks, who teaches hundreds of anxious Harvard students how to be happy, has a happiness formula(配方), and he doesn’t think young people hear it enough. When delivering the speech at the Catholic University on Saturday, Brooks warned new graduates against two common but terrible pieces of advice. One is to go find a job you love, and you’ll never work a day in your life; the other is you should save the world. To the first, he claimed it’s a great way to ruin youngsters’ life. He explained that expecting a job to be fun all the time is too ideal, which will set people up to hate any job, especially when the work unavoidably becomes difficult and not fun. As to the second, Brooks responded, “To expect one’s day job to solve the world’s various problems is another factor for disappointment in reality.” Some may guess that the actual cause for job satisfaction are money, fame, power and admiration. However, Brooks never agrees with them. He has put forward his two answers to finding happiness at work. The first key, according to Brooks, is what he calls earned success. For Brooks, happiness at work is not determined by your job title or income but the investment you put into your day. Put simply, “Don’t cut corner.” Brooks said, “What matters is that at the end of the day, you can say, you did your work with efforts and excellence.” Some experts agree that positive relationships at work are a necessary ingredient for job satisfaction. Brooks’ second answer is in line with that finding: do your job in a way that serves others, not just yourself. He told graduates that for the greatest happiness, it does not matter if their job is fun all the time or whether it fixes the world. Instead, deeper satisfaction comes from work that can make a difference in the lives of some. And serving others comes from how you do your job, not whether you work in an bank, put roofs on houses or raise children as a fulltime mother. 32. What is the common problem of the two suggestions in paragraph 2? A. They are fancy but impractical. B. They fail to meet financial needs. C. They set people to hate their jobs. D. They may ruin young people’s life. 33. What do the underlined words “Don’t cut corner” indicate in paragraph 4? A. Finish your work at the end of the day. B. Pursue big job titles for your job happiness. C. Invest in yo$$ 专题02 阅读理解(说明文&议论文)(江苏专用) (重在考查推理判断+细节理解) 01 (2023-2024学年高一下·南京市江宁区·期末统考) C It’s a popular belief that a fish’s memory lasts for only seven seconds. It may seem sad to think that they don’t remember what they’ve eaten or where they’ve been, and they don’t recognize you or any of their friends —every moment in their life would be like seeing the world for the first time. But don’t be so quick to feel sorry for them. A new study has found that fish have a much better memory than we used to think. In fact, certain species of fish can even remember events from as long as 12 days ago. In the study, researchers from MacEwan University in Canada trained a kind of fish called African cichlids to go to a certain area of their tank to get food. They then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again. Researchers used computer software to monitor the fish’s movements. They found that after such a long break the fish still went to the same place where they first got food. This suggested that they could remember their past experiences. In fact, scientists had been thinking for a long time that African cichlids might have a good memory. An earlier study showed that they behaved aggressively(挑衅地)in front of certain fish, perhaps because they remembered their past “fights”. But until the latest findings, there was no clear evidence. Just as a good memory can make our lives easier, it also plays an important part when a fish is trying to survive in the wild. “If fish are able to remember that a certain area contains safe food, they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives at risks,” lead researcher Trevor Hamilton told Live Science. For a long time, fish were placed far below chimpanzees, dolphins and mice on the list of smart animals. But this study has given scientists a new understanding of their intelligence. 28. What is the article mainly about? A. Fish having very bad memories. B. Fish being smarter than we thought. C. How fish improve their memory. D. What we can learn from fish. 29. According to the article, people used to believe that _________. A. fish could only remember part of their past experiences B. fish could remember things that happened 12 days ago C. a fish’s memory lasted for only seven minutes D. fish didn’t recognize any of their friends 30. How can fish benefit most from a good memory? They can remember _________. A. where to get food and survive B. their enemies and fight C. where to escape to when in danger D. their friends and help each other 31. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Fish behave aggressively in a fight. B. Fish can remember more. C. Fish don’t belong to the list of smart animals. D. Only African cichlids have a good memory. 【答案】28. B 29. D 30. A 31. B 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了一项新的研究发现，鱼的记忆力比我们过去认为的要好得多。 28. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“A new study has found that fish have a much better memory than we used to think.(一项新的研究发现，鱼的记忆力比我们过去认为的要好得多)”以及最后一段“For a long time, fish were placed far below chimpanzees, dolphins and mice on the list of smart animals. But this study has given scientists a new understanding of their intelligence.(很长时间，鱼被放置在远远低于黑猩猩，海豚和老鼠的名单上，但是这项研究使科学家们对他们的智力有了新的认识)”结合本文讲述了一项新的研究发现，鱼的记忆力比我们过去认为的要好得多。可知，B项“鱼比我们认为的聪明”是文章的大意，故选B。 29. 细节理解题。根据第一段“It may seem sad to think that they don’t remember what they’ve eaten or where they’ve been, and they don’t recognize you or any of their friends —every moment in their life would be like seeing the world for the first time.(想到他们不记得吃过什么，去过哪里，不认识你或他们的任何朋友，这似乎很难过——他们生命中的每一刻都像是第一次看到这个世界)”可知，人们过去认为鱼不认识他们的任何朋友，故选D。 30. 细节理解题。根据第四段“They found that after such a long break the fish still went to the same place where they first got food. This suggested that they could remember their past experiences.(他们发现，休息这么长时间的鱼还能回到第一次得到食物的地方。这表明他们可以记住他们过去的经历)”可知，鱼类可以记住在哪里能得到食物和生存，故选A。 31. 细节理解题。根据第二段“A new study has found that fish have a much better memory than we used to think.(一项新的研究发现，鱼的记忆力比我们过去认为的要好得多)”可知，B选项“鱼能记住更多”正确，故选B。 02 (2023-2024学年高一下·南京市六校联合体·期末联考) C As this year’s graduates prepare to step into the workplace, many are either anxious or scared about the impact of artificial intelligence—particularly large language models such as ChatGPT — on their careers. According to a vote by the BestColleges website, six in ten US college students worry that the use of AI in their studies is lowering the value of earning a degree. Even worse, more than half expect that increasing use of AI in the workplace will further devalue the worth of their studies to potential employers. Fears are very common that women, who are not enough in computing and science degrees, will be kept out of the job market. Right now, company technology departments are mostly male. But the impact of AI on employability may be quite different outside of computer programming, some employers say. The rise of AI is already creating new opportunities for students who have studied liberal subjects(文科). This is particularly true for writing-intensive subjects, such as English and history, that draw more female students than technology and require students to pull together diverse sources of information. That is because the companies that are starting to use AI to deal with customers are hiring writers to produce scripts for chatbots to use. Once graduated, both genders also worry that AI could reshape the job market for entry level work. Early experiments in the economic and professional services industries do suggest that AI tools will change the way marketing, investment banking and legal documents are created. Those changes could free junior employees from boring work. But the more work that is turned over to AI, the fewer jobs will be needed. And most of these jobs now use an apprenticeship(学徒)way, where doing the simple work gives young employees a good place for more important work. Some also worry that the focus on tech will hit workplace diversity efforts. “It is automation at a completely different level, which is why I’m concerned about women. My biggest fear is that women will fall behind again,” says Roya Rahmani, chair of Delphos International, which provides investment markets advisory services. 28. What can we know from the first three paragraphs? A. It may be harder for graduates to find a job. B. It is certain that more women will lose jobs. C. The use of AI makes a degree more valuable. D. The impact of AI gives the graduates more hope. 29. Why do liberal arts students have new opportunities? A. The companies need to deal with customers. B. They are good at gathering diverse information. C. They may have an advantage of writing scripts. D. The subjects they learn are all writing-intensive. 30. What is the concern about the job market for entry level work? A. AI will make the job market more diverse. B. AI will transform the way some work is done. C. AI will make the boring work more interesting. D. AI will give more opportunities to junior employees. 31. What does Roya Rahmani worry about? A. The decrease of workplace diversity. B. The influence of AI on women’s careers. C. The lack of apprenticeship chances for women. D. The application of AI in the investment markets. 【答案】28. A 29. C 30. B 31. B 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能可能导致毕业生找工作更加困难的问题。 28. 推理判断题。根据第二段“According to a vote by the BestColleges website, six in ten US college students worry that the use of AI in their studies is lowering the value of earning a degree. Even worse, more than half expect that increasing use of AI in the workplace will further devalue the worth of their studies to potential employers.(根据BestColleges网站的一项投票，60%的美国大学生担心，在学习中使用人工智能会降低获得学位的价值。更糟糕的是，超过一半的人预计，在工作场所越来越多地使用人工智能，将进一步降低他们的学习对潜在雇主的价值)”可知，毕业生找工作可能会更难，故选A。 29. 推理判断题。根据第四段“The rise of AI is already creating new opportunities for students who have studied liberal subjects(文科). This is particularly true for writing-intensive subjects, such as English and history, that draw more female students than technology and require students to pull together diverse sources of information. That is because the companies that are starting to use AI to deal with customers are hiring writers to produce scripts for chatbots to use.(人工智能的兴起已经为学习人文学科的学生创造了新的机会。对于英语和历史等需要大量写作的学科来说尤其如此，这些学科吸引的女学生多于科技，而且要求学生将各种信息来源整合在一起。这是因为那些开始使用人工智能与客户打交道的公司正在雇佣作家来编写脚本，供聊天机器人使用)”可知，文科生有新的机会是因为他们可能有写剧本的优势，故选C。 30. 细节理解题。根据第五段“Once graduated, both genders also worry that AI could reshape the job market for entry level work. Early experiments in the economic and professional services industries do suggest that AI tools will change the way marketing, investment banking and legal documents are created.(毕业后，男女都担心人工智能可能会重塑入门级工作的就业市场。经济和专业服务行业的早期实验确实表明，人工智能工具将改变营销、投资银行和法律文件的创建方式)”可知，入门级工作的就业市场担忧在于，人工智能将改变一些工作的完成方式，故选B。 31. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“‘It is automation at a completely different level, which is why I’m concerned about women. My biggest fear is that women will fall behind again,’says Roya Rahmani, chair of Delphos International, which provides investment markets advisory services.(‘这是一种完全不同程度的自动化，这就是我担心女性的原因。我最担心的是，女性将再次落后，’提供投资市场咨询服务的德尔福国际董事长罗亚•拉赫马尼表示)”可知，罗亚·拉赫马尼担心人工智能对女性职业的影响，故选B。 03 (2023-2024学年高一下·苏州市·期末统考) D Maths is all around us, from working out how to share the bill after a meal to calculating(计算)your household bills. Some people love the challenge of working out maths problems, but many fear the moment when they have to deal with numbers and figures and feel a real sense of worry. It can seem discouraging, but this ‘maths anxiety’ is perfectly normal, and you’re definitely not alone. And anyway, our worries and fears don’t necessarily reflect our ability. The problem really starts in childhood, at school. Research has found that maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject can pass on their anxiety to the pupils, and girls may be more likely to be affected. The Programme for International Student Assessment found around 31% of 15 and 16-year-olds across 34 countries said they got very nervous doing maths problems, 33% said they got tense and nervous doing maths homework, and nearly 60% said they worried maths classes would be difficult. Shulamit Kahn, from Boston University’s Questrom School of Business, told the BBC she believes giving students, particularly girls, good role models “is significant, especially at a young age”. She thinks the key is to get people, especially women who love teaching maths, to teach younger children. Writing for BBC Future, David Robson says “It’s not clear why maths gives rise to so much fear compared to geography. But the fact that there’s a right or wrong answer might make you more worried about underperforming.” And once we assume we’re not a ‘maths person’, we avoid solving things that we probably could do. Psychologists(心理学家)have been trying to work out why mental calculation can bring us out in a sweat. That fear may come from many sources, but some suggest that expressing your fears clearly can loosen their hold on you, and encourage children to see a maths test as a challenge, not a threat(威胁). We need to think positively about maths and give it a second chance. 28. Regarding “maths anxiety” in paragraph 1, the author thinks ________. A. it is unique B. it is formal C. it is common D. it is necessary 29. What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A. Girls are better at maths than boys. B. Maths classes are difficult for all students. C. Students’ anxiety results entirely from teachers. D. Confidence in maths needs developing in childhood. 30. What will be a potential result if one thinks he is not a ‘maths person’? A. He will rise to challenges. B. He will learn maths harder. C. He will be doubtful about his ability. D. He will not see maths as a threat. 31. What are children advised to do according to the last paragraph? A. Track sources of maths fear regularly. B. Speak fears out for improvement bravely. C. Explore causes of failure in maths carefully. D. Quit challenges to avoid anxiety actively. 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. C 31. B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了数学焦虑的现象，对于学生特别是女孩，提供好的数学学习榜样非常重要，尤其是要让热爱数学教学的女性来教授年幼的孩子。此外，心理学家正在研究数学焦虑的来源，并建议通过表达恐惧来减轻其影响，鼓励孩子们将数学测试视为挑战而非威胁。 28. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Some people love the challenge of working out maths problems, but many fear the moment when they have to deal with numbers and figures and feel a real sense of worry. It can seem discouraging, but this ‘maths anxiety’ is perfectly normal, and you’re definitely not alone.(有些人喜欢解决数学题的挑战，但许多人害怕处理数字和数字的时刻，并感到真正的担忧。这似乎令人沮丧，但这种“数学焦虑”是完全正常的，你绝对不是一个人)”可知，数学焦虑是非常普遍的，并且你绝对不是唯一一个感到焦虑的人。这表明作者认为数学焦虑是常见的，故选C。 29. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The problem really starts in childhood, at school. Research has found that maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject can pass on their anxiety to the pupils, and girls may be more likely to be affected.(这个问题在儿童时期，在学校就开始了。研究发现，在教学过程中感到紧张的数学老师会把他们的焦虑传递给学生，而女孩可能更容易受到影响)”以及“Shulamit Kahn, from Boston University’s Questrom School of Business, told the BBC she believes giving students, particularly girls, good role models “is significant, especially at a young age”. She thinks the key is to get people, especially women who love teaching maths, to teach younger children.(波士顿大学奎斯特罗姆商学院的舒拉米特·卡恩告诉BBC，她认为给学生，尤其是女孩树立好榜样‘很重要，尤其是在年轻的时候’。她认为，关键是让人们，尤其是那些热爱数学教学的女性，去教更年幼的孩子)”可知，数学焦虑通常始于儿童时期，在学校。研究显示，数学教师的焦虑可能会传递给学生，尤其是女孩。这暗示了在儿童时期培养对数学的信心是必要的，因此波士顿大学奎斯特罗姆商学院的舒拉米特·卡恩建议尤其由那些热爱数学教学的女性，去教更年幼的孩子。D选项“Confidence in maths needs developing in childhood.(对数学的信心需要在儿童时期培养)”与原文表达一致，故选D。 30. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“And once we assume we’re not a ‘maths person’, we avoid solving things that we probably could do.(一旦我们认为自己不是一个‘数学人’，我们就会避免解决我们可能会做的事情)”可知，一旦我们认为自己不是“数学人”，我们就会避免解决我们可能能够解决的问题。这表明，如果一个人认为自己不是数学人，他可能会对自己的能力产生怀疑，故选C。 31. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“That fear may come from many sources, but some suggest that expressing your fears clearly can loosen their hold on you, and encourage children to see a maths test as a challenge, not a threat(威胁). We need to think positively about maths and give it a second chance.(这种恐惧的来源可能有很多，但一些人认为，清楚地表达你的恐惧可以放松它们对你的控制，并鼓励孩子将数学考试视为挑战，而不是威胁。我们需要积极地看待数学，给它第二次机会)”可知，一些心理学家建议，清晰地表达你的恐惧可以减轻它们对你的控制，鼓励孩子们将数学测试视为挑战，而不是威胁。这表明孩子们被建议勇敢地说出他们的恐惧，以求改进，故选B。 04 (2023-2024学年高一下·南通市·期末统考) C On an early winter morning, a small group of students and tourists were taking pictures of the horses with their phones. These horses, known locally as takhi and globally as Przewalski’s horse, are unique. They are the only type that has never been trained and they are the fruits of one of the most successful ever wildlife reintroduction plans of Hustai National Park. “Horses are key to our culture. Everyone is glad to have them back,” says Dashpurev with a smile, who is in charge of Hustai National Park. Once hunted to extinction in the wild in the 1960s, Przewalski’s horses now number nearly 1,000, at three sites across Mongolia, as well as in China and Kazakhstan. The largest population — numbering 423 — is in central Mongolia’s Hustai National Park. These horses are descendants(后代)of 84 animals that were airlifted from European zoos in the 1990s. “Before the reintroduction, no one believed we could save this species,” recalls Dashpurev. Now, the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)has downgraded Przewalski’s horse from “critically endangered” to “endangered”, marking a significant milestone in their recovery. However, despite this success story, Mongolia faces numerous challenges in protecting its other species. Besides hunting, the climate emergency is putting more pressure. Temperatures are rising three times faster than the global average, bringing more extreme weather events that wipe out large numbers of animals. Faced with this crisis, the government has taken actions to protect wild areas. In 1998, Mongolia promised to protect 30% of its territory by 2030 — a goal adopted by 100 other countries in 2021. So far it is on 21%. Last year, the president launched a drive to plant 1 billion trees by 2030 and tough fines have had success in stopping illegal hunting. Yet these efforts are hamstrung(妨碍)by a lack of funding. “The government wants to grow the economy. That’s the key thing for them, so they are putting a lot of effort into agriculture and mining,” says Buuveibaatar, a scientist at the Wildlife Conservation Society, “Wildlife is ignored. As a result, some of its conservation areas are paper parks. The Przewalski’s horse reintroduction plan is an example of how to save wildlife. Now, the challenge lies in introducing this success to the rest of the country’s other wildlife.” 28. Why are these horses unique according to the passage? A. They are airlifted from European zoos. B. They are successfully introduced species. C. They are the only true wild horse species. D. They can only be photographed in Mongolia. 29. What was the public’s attitude towards saving these horses before the reintroduction? A. Relieved. B. Supportive. C. Uninterested. D. Doubtful. 30. Why is the climate emergency mentioned in Paragraph 4? A. To introduce the reasons for wildlife extinction. B. To explain its influence on wildlife in Mongolia. C. To stress the challenges facing wildlife protection. D. To express the author’s feelings about the extinction. 31. What does Buuveibaatar imply in the last paragraph? A. Hustai National Park provides a positive model. B. The government’s focus should be the economy. C. Other countries can help by following the footsteps. D. The Przewalski’s horse is the only one worth saving. 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. C 31. A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蒙古国普氏野马(又称“takhi”)的保护和重引入计划，以及蒙古国在保护野生动物方面所面临的挑战和所采取的措施。 28. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“These horses, known locally as takhi and globally as Przewalski’s horse, are unique. They are the only type that has never been trained(这些马，在当地被称为takhi，在全球被称为普氏野马，是独一无二的。它们是唯一没有受过训练的物种)”可知，这些马独一无二是因为它们是是唯一没有受过训练的物种，是真正的野马种类，故选C项。 29. 细节理解题。根据第三段中““Before the reintroduction, no one believed we could save this species,” recalls Dashpurev.(“在重新引入之前，没有人相信我们可以拯救这个物种，”Dashpurev回忆道)”可知，在重新引入这些马之前，公众对此持怀疑态度，故选D项。 30. 推理判断题。根据第四段中心句“However, despite this success story, Mongolia faces numerous challenges in protecting its other species.(然而，尽管有这样的成功故事，蒙古在保护其他物种方面面临着许多挑战)”和“Temperatures are rising three times faster than the global average, bringing more extreme weather events that wipe out large numbers of animals.(气温上升速度是全球平均水平的三倍，带来了更多的极端天气事件，导致大量动物死亡)”可推知，第四段中提及气候紧急情况旨在说明蒙古野生动物保护努力面临的其它挑战，故选C项。 31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘The government wants to grow the economy. That’s the key thing for them, so they are putting a lot of effort into agriculture and mining,’says Buuveibaatar, a scientist at the Wildlife Conservation Society, “Wildlife is ignored. As a result, some of its conservation areas are paper parks. The Przewalski’s horse reintroduction plan is an example of how to save wildlife. Now, the challenge lies in introducing this success to the rest of the country’s other wildlife.”(野生动物保护协会的科学家Buuveibaatar说：“政府希望发展经济。这对他们来说是关键，所以他们在农业和采矿方面投入了大量精力。野生生物被忽视了。因此，一些保护区只是纸上谈兵。普氏野马重引入计划是拯救野生生物的典范。现在，挑战在于将这种成功模式引入该国其他野生生物的保护中。”)”可知，Buuveibaatar认为普氏野马重引入计划是拯救野生生物的典范，这种成功模式应引入该国其他野生生物的保护中。说明Buuveibaatar认为呼斯坦诺鲁国家公园对普氏野马的保护树立了一个积极的榜样，故选A项。 05 (2023-2024学年高一下·扬州市·期末统考) C(原卷为B篇) Short-sightedness is thought to affect around one in three people in the UK. The World Health Organisation predicts that about half of the world’s population will have myopia, or shortsightedness, by 2050. Generally a childhood phenomenon, myopia happens when the eyeball grows too long from front to back, making it more oval-shaped(椭圆)than round, thus unable to see faraway things clearly. While our first reaction is to blame the increased use of screens, experts believe the real reason is not that, exactly, but it’s related: less time spent outdoors. Natural light is essential for healthy eye development, says Schwartz. Access to natural light stimulates dopamine(多巴胺), which helps normal growth and development of the eyeball. Indoor lighting doesn’t do the trick. Ideally, kids should get at least two hours of natural light a day. That said, our increased use of screens is a problem. Most screens are high contrast—like black text on a white page, or light text on a dark background, says Schwartz. A 2018 study in Scientific Records found that looking at black text on white backgrounds compared to natural environments could lead to myopia. Close work, like reading and looking closely at screens, has also been shown to cause myopia. Most people’s eyesight settles in their teens, but some people get nearsighted later in life. Poor eyesight isn’t the only downside; people with myopia are at a higher risk of developing eye issues as they age. That’s why regular eye examinations are important. Researchers are working on ways to slow down rising myopia rates. A clinical trial at Ohio State University found that eye-drops with a low dose of atropine(阿托品)can slow myopia in kids. There’s also some early evidence that a type of contact lens(隐形 眼镜)called Peripheral Defocus lenses might stop nearsightedness from worsening. You can also reduce eye tiredness by making a few simple lifestyle changes, such as reading or working in good light, choosing non-glare screens for your computer or TV and taking frequent breaks. 28. What happens to the eyeball when one gets short-sighted? A. The eyeball becomes rounder in shape. B. The eyeball turns unclear and cloudy. C. The eyeball shortens from front to back. D. The eyeball becomes more oval-shaped. 29. What is the main cause of myopia according to experts? A. Increased use of screens. B. Reduced activities in the open air. C. Access to indoor lighting. D. Reading on contrast screens. 30. What is the significance of natural light to eye development? A. It causes production of a chemical to help eyeball’s normal growth. B. It helps to relax your eyes by providing a break from screens. C. It increases the contrast on screens, making them easier to read. D. It is essential for seeing black text on a white background clearly. 31. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to slow down rising myopia rates? A. Low-dose atropine eye-drops. B. Peripheral Defocus lenses. C. Regular eye examinations. D. Forming healthy eye habits. 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. A 31. C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了近视的原因、影响以及预防方法。 28. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“myopia happens when the eyeball grows too long from front to back, making it more oval-shaped(椭圆)than round, thus unable to see faraway things clearly.”(近视发生在眼球从前到后变得过长，使其变得更像椭圆形而不是圆形，因此无法清楚地看到远处的东西)可知，当一个人近视时，眼球会变得更像椭圆形，故选D。 29. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“While our first reaction is to blame the increased use of screens, experts believe the real reason is not that, exactly, but it’s related: less time spent outdoors.”(虽然我们的第一反应是责怪屏幕使用的增加，但专家认为真正的原因并不完全是这样，而是与之相关：户外活动时间减少)可知，专家认为近视的主要原因是户外活动时间减少，故选B。 30. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Natural light is essential for healthy eye development, says Schwartz. Access to natural light stimulates dopamine(多巴胺), which helps normal growth and development of the eyeball.”(施瓦茨说，自然光对眼睛的健康发展至关重要。接触自然光可以刺激多巴胺，这有助于眼球的正常生长和发展)可知，自然光对眼睛发展的重要性在于它能刺激一种化学物质的产生，帮助眼球的正常生长，故选A。 31. 细节理解题。根据第五段“people with myopia are at a higher risk of developing eye issues as they age. That’s why regular eye examinations are important.”(随着年龄的增长，近视患者患眼部疾病的风险更高。这就是为什么定期眼科检查很重要)可知，定期眼科检查是为了防止患眼部疾病而不是作为减缓近视率上升的方法，故选C。 06 (2023-2024学年高一下·徐州市·期末统考) C(原卷为D篇) The UK is now the most overweight nation in Europe and the evidence is all around us. As a doctor, I see it daily in practice, dealing with its complications(并发症)ranging from diabetes and high blood pressure to heart disease and cancer. So what are we doing about it? Not enough is the honest answer. First, weight management services, such as mental health guidance, surgery and slimming drugs remain very limited. Also, measures taken in consulting rooms are too often centered around scaring people into action: if you don’t lose weight you will have a heart attack or develop diabetes. Scaring the individual is neither helpful nor effective. Becoming more active is beneficial for many reasons, but exercise alone is not a great way to lose weight, not least because you have to run for at least an hour to burn off a beef pie. Drugs and surgery also have their place but are not required for most overweight people. So I prefer to combine proper exercise with a diet for the best result. But which diet? Often I recommend the low-carb approach, which involves cutting back on sugary drinks and foods, and starches(淀粉)such as rice and bread. I don’t believe there is anything magical about the approach but it has a number of benefits: it seems easier to follow than many other approaches, and it helps lower blood sugar levels for the ten million or so people in the UK who already have type 2 diabetes or are at high risk of developing it. Solving the obesity(肥胖)problem involves not only supporting and encouraging the individual, but also changing public health and government policy. Efforts are being made and change is already under way. 28. How does the author illustrate his opinion in paragraph 2? A. By explanation. B. By example. C. By comparison. D. By assumption. 29. What are the benefits of the low-carb approach? A. It helps to reduce body weight quickly. B. It saves patients from drugs and surgery. C. It’s effective and promotes food industry. D. It’s easy to stick to and lowers blood sugar. 30. The main purpose of the passage is A. to provide practical suggestions B. to criticize traditional approaches C. to present the findings of a research D. to analyse the causes of a problem 31. What is the author’s attitude to the future of solving the obesity problem? A. Critical. B. Positive. C. Uncaring. D. Uncertain. 【答案】28. A 29. D 30. A 31. B 【语篇导读】本文的体裁属于说明文。文章主要围绕英国肥胖问题的现状、原因、以及可能的解决方案进行了说明。作者作为医生，从医学实践的角度分析了肥胖问题的严重性，并指出了当前应对措施的不足。随后，作者提出了自己对于解决肥胖问题的看法和建议，包括如何合理饮食和进行适当的运动，以及政府和社会在解决肥胖问题上应该承担的责任。 28. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Not enough is the honest answer. First, weight management services, such as mental health guidance, surgery and slimming drugs remain very limited. Also, measures taken in consulting rooms are too often centered around scaring people into action: if you don’t lose weight you will have a heart attack or develop diabetes.(诚实的回答是不够。首先，体重管理服务，如心理健康指导、手术和减肥药仍然非常有限。此外，咨询室采取的措施往往以吓唬人们采取行动为中心：如果你不减肥，你就会心脏病发作或患上糖尿病)”可知，作者首先提出了“Not enough is the honest answer.”这一观点，即对于超重问题的应对不够充分。接着，作者来解释这一观点的理由，作者是通过解释的方式来阐述自己的观点的，故选A。 29. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Often I recommend the low-carb approach, which involves cutting back on sugary drinks and foods, and starches(淀粉)such as rice and bread. I don’t believe there is anything magical about the approach but it has a number of benefits: it seems easier to follow than many other approaches, and it helps lower blood sugar levels for the ten million or so people in the UK who already have type 2 diabetes or are at high risk of developing it.(我经常推荐低碳水化合物的方法，包括减少含糖饮料和食物的摄入，以及米饭和面包等淀粉类食物。我不相信这种方法有什么神奇之处，但它有很多好处：它似乎比许多其他方法更容易遵循，而且它有助于降低英国大约1000万已经患有2型糖尿病或有患2型糖尿病高风险的人的血糖水平)”可知，低碳饮食法的好处包括比其他方法更容易遵循，并且有助于降低血糖水平，故选D。 30. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“The UK is now the most overweight nation in Europe and the evidence is all around us. As a doctor, I see it daily in practice, dealing with its complications(并发症)ranging from diabetes and high blood pressure to heart disease and cancer.   So what are we doing about it?(英国现在是欧洲超重最严重的国家，证据无处不在。作为一名医生，我每天都在实践中看到它，处理它的并发症，从糖尿病、高血压到心脏病和癌症。那么我们该怎么做呢？)”可知，文章整体上讨论了英国面临的肥胖问题，并提出了一些实际的建议，如改进体重管理服务、采取低碳饮食法等，因此主要目的是提供实用的建议，故选A。 31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Solving the obesity(肥胖)problem involves not only supporting and encouraging the individual, but also changing public health and government policy. Efforts are being made and change is already under way.(解决肥胖问题不仅需要支持和鼓励个人，还需要改变公共卫生和政府政策。正在作出努力，变革已经开始)”可知，作者对于解决肥胖问题的未来持积极态度，认为已经在进行中并看到了努力和变化，故选B。 07 (2023-2024学年高一下·淮安市·期末统考) C(原卷为D篇) A large-scale analysis(分析)of nearly 1,000 scientific studies has shown just how closely human activity is tied to public health. The findings suggest environmental changes caused by human activities are making the risk of infectious(传染的)disease outbreaks all the more likely. The biodiversity(生物多样性)crisis—which has let some one million plant and animal species at risk of extinction—is a leading driver of disease spread, the researchers found. “It could mean that by changing the environment, we increase the risks of future pandemics(流行病),” said Jason Rohr, a co-author of the study and a biologist at the University of Notre Dame. The analysis studied at least one of five “global change drivers” affecting wildlife and landscapes on Earth: biodiversity change, climate change, habitat loss and change, chemical pollution and the introduction of non-native species to new areas. The researchers collected nearly 3,000 data points related to how each of these factors might impact the seriousness of infectious disease outbreaks. Their conclusions showed that four of the examined factors—climate change, chemical pollution, the introduction of non-native species to new areas and biodiversity loss—all increased the likelihood of spreading diseases, with the latter having the most significant impact. Disease and death rate were nearly nine times higher in areas of the world where human activity has reduced biodiversity, compared to the levels expected by Earth’s natural variation in biodiversity. One global change factor, however, actually reduced the likelihood of disease outbreaks: habitat loss and change. But here, context is key. Most habitat loss is linked to creating a single type of environment—urban(城市的)ecosystems—which generally have good sanitation(卫生)systems, reducing opportunities for disease outbreaks. The new work adds to past research on how human activity can cause the spread of disease. The research signals the need for public health officials to remain watchful as the effects of human-caused climate change arise. 28. What do the findings reveal according to the first two paragraphs? A. Human activities do great damage to public health. B. Biodiversity crises increase the risk of disease outbreaks. C. Millions of plant and animal species are at risk of extinction. D. Human-caused environmental changes lead to species extinction. 29. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The process of the study. B. The result of the study. C. The meaning of data analysis. D. The impact of disease outbreaks. 30. Compared with the other four “global change drivers”, habitat loss and change ________. A. worsened the disease outbreaks B. had the most significant impact C. made urban ecosystems more delicate D. made it less likely to spread diseases 31. What might be the focus of the follow-up discussion? A. The expectations held by public health officials. B. The measures to be taken by the health systems. C. The effects of human activities on climate change. D. The concerns about climate change and biodiversity loss. 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. D 31. B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项大规模的科学研究发现，人类活动导致的环境变化极大地增加了传染病爆发的风险，特别是生物多样性的减少对疾病传播的影响最为显著。 28. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“The findings suggest environmental changes caused by human activities are making the risk of infectious(传染的)disease outbreaks all the more likely. The biodiversity(生物多样性)crisis—which has let some one million plant and animal species at risk of extinction—is a leading driver of disease spread, the researchers found.(研究发现，由人类活动导致的环境变化使得传染病爆发的风险变得更大。研究人员发现，导致大约一百万种动植物物种面临灭绝风险的生物多样性危机是疾病传播的主要驱动因素)”以及第二段“It could mean that by changing the environment, we increase the risks of future pandemics(流行病), (这可能意味着，通过改变环境，我们增加了未来流行病的风险)”可知，研究发现，生物多样性的危机增加了流行病爆发的风险，故选B项。 29. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The analysis studied at least one of five “global change drivers” affecting wildlife and landscapes on Earth: biodiversity change, climate change, habitat loss and change, chemical pollution and the introduction of non-native species to new areas. The researchers collected nearly 3,000 data points related to how each of these factors might impact the seriousness of infectious disease outbreaks.(这项分析研究了影响地球上野生动物和景观的五个“全球变化驱动因素”中的至少一个：生物多样性变化、气候变化、栖息地丧失与变化、化学污染以及非本地物种被引入新地区。研究人员收集了近3000个数据点，这些数据点涉及这些因素如何可能影响传染病爆发的严重程度)”可知，第三段主要描述了研究中考虑的五个“全球变化驱动因素”，包括生物多样性变化、气候变化、栖息地丧失和改变、化学污染以及向新区域引入非本地物种，并提到研究人员收集了近3000个数据点来评估这些因素如何影响传染病爆发的严重性。因此，本段主要讲述了研究的过程，故选A项。 30. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“One global change factor, however, actually reduced the likelihood of disease outbreaks: habitat loss and change.(然而，有一个全球变化因素实际上降低了疾病爆发的可能性：栖息地的丧失和改变)”可知，与其它四个全球变化驱动因素相比，栖息地的丧失和改变使得疾病传播的可能性降低，故选D项。 31. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“The research signals the need for public health officials to remain watchful as the effects of human-caused climate change arise.(这项研究表明，随着人为气候变化的影响出现，公共卫生官员需要保持警惕)”可以推断，接下来可能会讨论卫生系统将采取的措施，故选B项。 08 (2023-2024学年高一下·盐城市·期末统考) C(原卷为D篇) A heated theme around AI in education is that students could use these generative tools to complete their homework. Educators are worried that students may not build essential skills if it becomes too easy to misrepresent machine-generated work as their own. In addition to concerns that such use may contribute to cheating, it’s also known that AI can provide misinformation that may mislead students. As a result, many schools have banned(禁止)generative AI completely. But is that reasonable? The answer is no, says Sebastian Rao, a Virginia STEM school senior. Instead, he supports AI policies that make the technology accessible to students and educators but provide appropriate edges. “How do we structure a classroom that uses AI?” asks Rao. He says the focus should be to thoughtfully integrate(合并)AI technology in classrooms so that students can use it to enhance their education and build new skills. When schools place strict bans on AI, students may be confused and unsure about what they can and can’t use. Many students use AI in ways educators didn’t consider, worsening the problem of managing their use in the classroom. Meanwhile, the technology is evolving quickly and becoming integrated into an ever-growing range of tools. Academic tools like Grammarly now use AI, as do search engines like Google and Bing. Khan Academy recently built a free AI-powered app, Khanmigo, to provide one-on-one homework help to students who may not otherwise have access to a live tutor(家庭教师). “A lot of students don’t really know what to think about a lot of these technologies. Some are confused about ‘What does AI mean? Is it cheating in certain cases?’” explains Rao. Rather than viewing the use of AI as cheating, the U. S. Department of Education is integrating AI into policy because the technology allows educators to support students with a valuable, personalized approach to learning. Knowing how to use AI effectively and properly will be necessary for students’ future development. 28. Why do many schools ban AI completely? A. AI may offer much information. B. AI may cause students a lot of worry. C. AI may destroy students’ essential skills. D. AI may weaken students’ study performance. 29. What is Sebastian Rao’s opinion on AI in education? A. Schools should refuse AI technology. B. Educators should build their AI skills. C. Schools should establish clear guidelines. D. Educators should enhance their education. 30. What may the ban on AI at school result in? A. Rapid evolution of AI. B. Students’ confusion about AI. C. Popularity of a live tutor. D. Educators’ interest in technology. 31. What is the U.S. Department of Education’s attitude towards AI? A. Unclear. B. Worried. C. Favorable. D. Negative. 【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B 31. C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了AI在教育中的应用，以及对此的不同观点和态度 28. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Educators are worried that students may not build essential skills if it becomes too easy to misrepresent machine-generated work as their own. In addition to concerns that such use may contribute to cheating, it’s also known that AI can provide misinformation that may mislead students.”(教育工作者担心，如果将机器生成的工作误认为是他们自己的工作变得太容易，学生可能无法掌握基本技能。除了担心这种使用可能会导致作弊之外，人们还知道人工智能可能会提供误导学生的错误信息)可知，为什么许多学校完全禁止人工智能是因为人工智能可能会削弱学生的学业表现，故选D项。 29. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Instead, he supports AI policies that make the technology accessible to students and educators but provide appropriate edges.”(相反，他支持使学生和教育者能够接触到这项技术但提供适当边界的AI政策)可推知，Sebastian Rao的观点是学校应该建立明确的指导方针，故选C。 30. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“When schools place strict bans on AI, students may be confused and unsure about what they can and can’t use.”(当学校严格禁止AI时，学生可能会对他们能使用什么和不能使用什么感到困惑)可推知，学校对AI的禁令可能导致学生对AI感到困惑，故选B。 31. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Rather than viewing the use of AI as cheating, the U. S. Department of Education is integrating AI into policy because the technology allows educators to support students with a valuable, personalized approach to learning.”(美国教育部并不将使用AI视为作弊，而是将AI整合到政策中，因为这项技术让教育者能够以有价值的、个性化的方式支持学生的学习)可推知，美国教育部对AI的态度是积极的，故选C。 09 (2023-2024学年高一下·连云港市·期末统考) C(原卷为B篇) Dream Xi’an is so close to London Tower that Anne Boleyn could possibly have passed by for her last supper. Opening Dream Xi’an near one of London’s busiest tourist attractions is a bold(大胆的)move. It is a great location with lots of tourists, but maybe not the sort who’d rush, as their first option, to a spot selling pig’s ear and beef. One of Dream Xi’an’s unmissable dishes is their biang biang noodles. Once eaten, biang biang noodles become a compulsion(冲动). Imagine fat, slithery(滑溜的)udo noodles, but much bigger and flatter — wider than a child’s belt—served in long unbroken stretches. If anyone in the UK can start your journey into Shaanxi cooking, it is chef/owner Guirong Wei, of Master Wei and Xi’an Impression, in central and north London. I have yet to leave any of Wei's places not joyfully covered with sweet, hot, vinegary sauces. Here at Dream Xi’an there are at least 12 biang biang and liangpi dishes. Fans of Wei’s other restaurants will notice classics here too, such as the cumin beef burger and Xi’an hand-shredded chicken. New dishes here include paomo soup, a recipe dating back to the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Dream Xi’an is really rather stylish: a large room in dark wood with Chinese-style decoration. The staff are kind, happy and helpful. Here I am often cared for like a child, with regularly refilled pots of jasmine tea and offers of rice cakes with brown sugar sauce. I challenge you to find a nicer way to spend a couple of hours in this area; in fact, Dream Xi’an is the perfect place to calm down after learning about the bloody history of London Tower in an afternoon. 28. Why is opening Dream Xi’an near London Tower a bold move? A. Anne Boleyn once had supper there. B. Local people dislike pig’s ear and beef. C. London Tower is more attractive to tourists. D. Biang bi ang noodles are wider than expected. 29. What do we know about Guirong Wei? A. He showed tourists around Shaanxi. B. He invented dishes like paomo soup. C. He opened several restaurants in London. D. He served liangpi without vinegary sauces. 30. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. History of Dream Xi’an. B. Opinions on the decoration style. C. Impression of Dream Xi’an. D. Praise for the service of the staff. 31. What’s the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To suggest ways to calm down. B. To recommend a nice restaurant. C. To introduce the history of London Tower. D. To share feelings of visiting London Tower. 【答案】28. C 29. C 30. C 31. B 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了魏桂荣在伦敦开的西安特色菜餐馆：Dream Xi’an。 28. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is a great location with lots of tourists, but maybe not the sort who’d rush, as their first option, to a spot selling pig’s ear and beef.(这是一个很好的位置，有很多游客，但他们第一选择可能不是去卖猪耳朵和牛肉的地方)”可知，在伦敦塔附近开设Dream Xi’an是一个大胆的举动的原因是伦敦塔对游客更有吸引力，故选C项。 29. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“If anyone in the UK can start your journey into Shaanxi cooking, it is chef/owner Guirong Wei, of Master Wei and Xi’an Impression, in central and north London. I have yet to leave any of Wei's places not joyfully covered with sweet, hot, vinegary sauces.(如果有人能在英国开始你的陕西烹饪之旅，那就是位于伦敦中部和北部的“Master Wei”和“西安印象”的厨师兼老板魏桂荣)”和第四段中“Here at Dream Xi’an there are at least 12 biang biang and liangpi dishes. Fans of Wei’s other restaurants will notice classics here too, such as the cumin beef burger and Xi’an hand-shredded chicken.(在Dream Xi’an，至少有12种biang biang和凉皮菜。魏其他餐馆的粉丝们也会注意到这里的经典美食，比如孜然牛肉汉堡和西安手撕鸡)”可知，魏桂荣在伦敦开了几家餐馆，故选C项。 30. 主旨大意题。根据第五段“Dream Xi’an is really rather stylish: a large room in dark wood with Chinese-style decoration. The staff are kind, happy and helpful. Here I am often cared for like a child, with regularly refilled pots of jasmine tea and offers of rice cakes with brown sugar sauce.(Dream Xi’an真的很时尚：一间深色木质的大房间，有中国风格的装饰。员工都很善良，快乐和乐于助人。在这里，我经常被照顾得像个孩子一样，他们会频繁地续杯茉莉花茶，还会提供红糖糕)”可知，本段主要讲了作者对Dream Xi’an的印象，故选C项。 31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I challenge you to find a nicer way to spend a couple of hours in this area; in fact, Dream Xi’an is the perfect place to calm down after learning about the bloody history of London Tower in an afternoon.(我挑战你找到一个更好的方式在这个地区度过几个小时；事实上，在了解了伦敦塔的血腥历史后，Dream Xi’an是一个完美的平静之地)”可知，最后一段的目的是推荐一家不错的餐馆：Dream Xi’an，故选B项。 10 (2023-2024学年高一下·连云港市·期末统考) C We have long known that dogs are capable of using their noses to detect(检测)certain types of cancer, malaria and even COVID-19. But these medical-detection animals tend to be made up of just a few breeds(品种), raised in expensive training centres. Now, research has shown that pet dogs of various breeds can be trained to recognize the unique smells linked to Parkinson's disease with nearly 90 per cent accuracy(精确). Seeking a broader, inexpensive approach, Lisa Holt and Samuel Johnston at the charity PADs for Parkinson’s in Washington state found 23 pet dogs of 16 breeds. These included breeds previously used to detect different medical conditions, as well as those not raised for this purpose. 43 people with Parkinson's and 31 volunteers without known medical conditions provided sebum(皮脂), either from T-shirts worn overnight or their upper backs. Those with Parkinson's produce hundreds of specific chemicals in their sebum. Each dog was trained to sit or bark(吠)when recognizing Parkinson’s sample(样本). To stimulate them, each sample provided by a participant with Parkinson's was paired with food or a toy. Once their training was complete, the dogs were shown sebum samples they hadn't previously met. Overall, the dogs recognized the samples from someone with Parkinson’s with 86 percent accuracy, on average, and didn't respond to the healthy volunteers' samples 89 percent of the time. Testing of the training programme is continuing at the Alfort National Veterinary School in France, says Holt. “Once that training was done, it would then be possible to test whether dogs could recognize Parkinson’s at a much earlier stage,” she says. However, despite testing several breeds, the data aren’t enough to conclude which ones detect Parkinson’s best, adds Holt. 28. What do we know about the pet dogs in paragraph 1? A. They grow up in expensive centres. B. They are used to detect COVID-19. C. They are better than the trained breeds. D. They do well in recognizing Parkinson’s. 29. What were the pet dogs required to do during the training? A. Pair food with toys. B. Smell samples. C. Produce chemicals. D. Provide sebum. 30. What will the researchers further study? A. When Parkinson’s can be treated. B. How pet dogs can be trained better. C. Whether dogs can detect Parkinson’s. D. Which breeds can detect Parkinson’s best. 31. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Pet dogs: A New Skill Unlocked B. Parkinson’s: Early Found, Early Cured C. Parkinson’s: A Potential Risk Discovered D. Pet dogs: Different Breeds, Different Abilities 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. D 31. A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员如何训练不同品种的宠物狗识别与帕金森病相关的独特气味，并取得了接近90%的准确率。 28. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Now, research has shown that pet dogs of various breeds can be trained to recognize the unique smells linked to Parkinson's disease with nearly 90 per cent accuracy(精确).(现在，研究表明，可以训练各种品种的宠物狗以近90%的准确率识别与帕金森病相关的独特气味)”可知，宠物狗在识别帕金森氏症方面做的很好，故选D项。 29. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Each dog was trained to sit or bark(吠)when recognizing Parkinson's sample(样本). To stimulate them, each sample provided by a participant with Parkinson's was paired with food or a toy. Once their training was complete, the dogs were shown sebum samples they hadn't previously met.(每只狗都被训练在识别帕金森氏症样本时坐着或吠叫。为了刺激他们，帕金森氏症参与者提供的每个样本都与食物或玩具配对。训练完成后，向狗展示了他们以前从未见过的皮脂样本)”可知，在狗训练期间要闻样品，故选B项。 30. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“However, despite testing several breeds, the data aren't enough to conclude which ones detect Parkinson's best, adds Holt.(然而，尽管测试了几个品种，但数据不足以得出哪些品种检测出帕金森氏症最好的结论，霍尔特补充道)”可推知，研究人员会进一步研究哪种犬种最擅长这一技能，故选D项。 31. 主旨大意题。通读全文，本文主要描述了宠物狗被训练用于识别帕金森病的新技能，包括训练方法及其潜在的应用价值。由此可知，A项“Pet dogs: A New Skill Unlocked(宠物狗：解锁的新技能)”适合作本文最佳标题，故选A项。 (重在考查推理判断+主旨大意+词义猜测) 01 (2023-2024学年高一下·南京市江宁区·期末统考) D Have you ever found that you were able to sleep better with an air conditioner or fan running or perhaps with the sound of rain falling outside? If so, then you’re already familiar with white noise. White noise refers to a noise that has a mixture of all the audible(听得见的)frequencies that the human ear can detect. It is a combination of all the frequencies of sound played at once. It can cover the sounds of other noises because of its various frequencies, leading many people to experience its calming effects. Studies have that listening to white noise positively found affects sleep. For example, people living in a high-noise area of New York City fell asleep faster and spent more of their time in bed asleep while listening to white noise. In another study, listening to white noise through headphones improved sleep quality for seriously ill patients in a loud hospital room. However, more research is needed to confirm whether the characteristics of white noise itself improve sleep or whether the sound primarily helps by covering background noise. However, a recent analysis of multiple studies looking at white noise’s effect on sleep has produced mixed results. The researchers are doubtful about the quality of existing evidence and conclude that further research is necessary in order to widely recommend white noise as a sleep aid. They also note that in some instances, white noise can disturb a person’s sleep and may affect their hearing. Despite that, researchers are still optimistic that the steady hum of white noise might reduce a sleeper’s sensitivity to unpredictable noises from the environment, such as transportation sounds like cars and planes, which are considered a major contributor to poor sleep. 32. Why does white noise have calming effects? A. It can absorb other noises. B. It can help people sleep better. C. It can be detected by human ears. D. It can cover the sounds of other noises. 33. How does the author explain the benefits of white noise? A. By giving examples. B. By telling stories. C. By asking questions. D. By making comparisons. 34. Which statement may researchers agree with according to the last two paragraphs? A. White noise should be strongly recommended as a sleep aid. B. Harmful effects of white noise have become a major concern. C. Poor sleep will make people sensitive to the unpredictable noises. D. More researches are needed to confirm the effect of white noise on sleep. 35. Which of the following can be a suitable tile for the text? A. How Does White Noise Work? B. Is White Noise Harmful in Any Way? C. Does White Noise Help You Sleep? D. What Are the Benefits of White Noise? 【答案】32. D 33. A 34. D 35. C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述白噪音(White noise)对睡眠有积极影响，但还有待进一步研究证明。 32. 细节理解题。根据第二段“It is a combination of all the frequencies of sound played at once. It can cover the sounds of other noises because of its various frequencies, leading many people to experience its calming effects.(它是同时播放的所有频率的声音的组合。由于其不同的频率，它可以掩盖其他噪音的声音，使许多人体验到它的镇静效果)”可知白噪音有镇静作用是因为它可以掩盖其他声音，故选D。 33. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Studies have that listening to white noise positively found affects sleep. For example, people living in a high-noise area of New York City fell asleep faster and spent more of their time in bed asleep while listening to white noise. In another study, listening to white noise through headphones improved sleep quality for seriously ill patients in a loud hospital room.(研究表明，听白噪音对睡眠有积极的影响。例如，生活在纽约市高噪音地区的人入睡更快，并且花更多的时间在床上睡觉，同时听白噪音。在另一项研究中，在嘈杂的病房里，戴着耳机听白噪音可以改善重病患者的睡眠质量)”可知作者通过举例解释白噪音的好处，故选A。 34. 推理判断题。根据第四段“However, a recent analysis of multiple studies looking at white noise’s effect on sleep has produced mixed results. The researchers are doubtful about the quality of existing evidence and conclude that further research is necessary in order to widely recommend white noise as a sleep aid.(然而，最近一项针对白噪音对睡眠影响的多项研究的分析得出了不同的结果。研究人员对现有证据的质量表示怀疑，并得出结论，为了广泛推荐白噪音作为助眠剂，还需要进一步的研究)”和第五段“Despite that, researchers are still optimistic that the steady hum of white noise might reduce a sleeper’s sensitivity to unpredictable noises from the environment, such as transportation sounds like cars and planes, which are considered a major contributor to poor sleep.(尽管如此，研究人员仍然乐观地认为，白噪音的持续嗡嗡声可能会降低睡眠者对环境中不可预测的噪音的敏感性，比如汽车和飞机等交通工具的声音，这些噪音被认为是导致睡眠质量差的主要原因)”可推知研究人员会同意需要更多的研究来证实白噪音对睡眠的影响的观点，故选D。 35. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“Studies have that listening to white noise positively found affects sleep. For example, people living in a high-noise area of New York City fell asleep faster and spent more of their time in bed asleep while listening to white noise. In another study, listening to white noise through headphones improved sleep quality for seriously ill patients in a loud hospital room.(研究表明，听白噪音对睡眠有积极的影响。例如，生活在纽约市高噪音地区的人入睡更快，并且花更多的时间在床上睡觉，同时听白噪音。在另一项研究中，在嘈杂的病房里，戴着耳机听白噪音可以改善重病患者的睡眠质量)”可知文章讲述白噪音(White noise)对睡眠有积极影响，但还有待进一步研究证明，C选项“白噪音有助于睡眠吗?”符合文章主旨大意，适合作为标题，故选C。 02 (2023-2024学年高一下·南京市六校联合体·期末联考) D When we look at a lovely baby, a puppy or a really cute kitten many of us want to squeeze it. Why is that? According to a study published in the journal Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, it’s a typical experience of “cute aggression”. The experience results from the fight between the brain’s “emotion system”, which impels(驱使)people to squeeze cute things, and its “reward system” which deals with feelings of “wanting”. In the study, 54 participants between the ages of 18 and 40 were presented with four groups of photos. Two of the groups of photos were of cute human babies and animals and the other two were of less adorable adult humans and animals. As the participants looked at the photos, there searchers watched their brain activities. According to the researchers, the participants reward systems were found to be active as they looked at the cute babies, and they seemed to be overwhelmed(征服的). By contrast, the reward systems of the people looking at the less cute adults were found to be inactive, and they seemed to be less impelled by their reward systems. This suggests that cute things activate their emotion systems in such a way that people are overwhelmed by the experience of cuteness. But reward systems work against these emotions by creating the desire to protect cute things. As Katherine Stavropoulos, the lead researcher of this study at the University of California in the US told Science Alert, “The cute aggression is the brain’s way of ‘bringing us back down’ by balancing our feelings of being overwhelmed.” Stavropoulos compared this process of balancing to an evolutionary adaptation. Such an adaptation may have taken place to ensure that people are able to continue taking care of creatures they consider particularly cute. So, although cute babies and adorable animals may look completely helpless, their vulnerable( 易受伤害的)appearance may in fact help them to survive. 32. According to the text, “cute aggression” refers to ________. A. the emotion of wanting to protect cute things B. the task of emotion system and reward system C. the adaptation of consistently taking care of cute creatures D. the behavior of squeezing a cute baby or animal when seeing it 33. In nature, “cute aggression” is caused by ________. A. the need of the brain to balance all feelings B. the photos of cute human babies and animals C. the vulnerable appearance of babies or animals D. the conflict between emotion system and reward system 34. Which of the following statements about the study is TRUE? A. Facial expressions of the participants were observed. B. Katherine Stavropoulos conducted this study on her own. C. Cute babies and animals affected brain activities of all the participants. D. The participants were divided into two groups in order to make comparison. 35. What is the author's purpose in writing this text? A. To persuade readers to protect cute animals. B. To stress the significance of cute aggression. C. To present research findings on cute aggression. D. To share an interesting phenomenon with readers 【答案】32. D 33. D 34. C 35. C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于“cute aggression”的研究成果。 32. 词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句When we look at a lovely baby, a puppy or a rally cute kitten many of us want to squeeze it.“当我们看到可爱的婴儿、小狗或拉力赛可爱的小猫时，我们很多人都想捏它。”由此可知“cute aggression”指的是看到可爱的婴儿或动物时捏它的行为，故选D。 33. 细节理解题。根据第二段中The experience results from the fight between the brain’s “emotion system”, which impels(驱使)people to squeeze cute things, and its “reward system” which deals with feelings of “wanting”.“这种体验来自于大脑的“情感系统”和“奖励系统”之间的斗争，前者促使人们挤压可爱的东西，后者处理“想要”的感觉。”可知，在自然界中，“cute aggression”是由情感系统与奖励系统的冲突引起的，故选D。 34. 推理判断题。根据第四段中According to the researchers, the participants reward systems were found to be active as they looked at the cute babies, and they seemed to be overwhelmed(征服的).“研究人员称，当参与者看着可爱的婴儿时，他们的奖励系统被发现是活跃的，而且他们似乎不知所措。”可知，可爱的婴儿和动物影响所有参与者的大脑活动，故选C。 35. 推理判断题。根据第六段As Katherine Stavropoulos, the lead researcher of this study at the University of California in the US told Science Alert, “The cute aggression is the brain’s way of ‘bringing us back down’ by balancing our feelings of being overwhelmed.” 美国加州大学这项研究的首席研究员凯瑟琳·斯塔夫罗普洛斯告诉《科学警报》杂志，“可爱的攻击性是大脑通过平衡我们被压垮的感觉来‘把我们拉回来’的方式。”可知，本文的写作目的是展示关于cute aggression的研究结果，故选C。 03 (2023-2024学年高一下·苏州市·期末统考) D(原卷为C篇) People send messages every day on social media. These online conversations can have a huge impact and shape how societies make decisions. But there is a growing problem. Sometimes people don’t listen to each other and can say really hurtful things. Would it be better if there were an advisor in online talks? We tried to use artificial intelligence(AI)(人工智能)to carry out this task. So, we did an online experiment with pairs of people discussing a challenging topic. In the first group, one participant(参与者)in each pair had an AI helper. The AI tried to make sure the discussion was polite and respectful. It didn’t change the participant’s point of view, though! The participant could accept or refuse the suggestions or completely edit the message an AI helper offers. In the control group, the people had a conversation on the same topic but neither of the participants had an AI helper. After the discussions ended, the pairs shared their thoughts on how good the conversation was. In our study, the participants accepted the AI’s suggestions two thirds of the time. When they used the AI’s suggestions, the messages became more positive and polite. Participants whose partners used the AI reported feeling better about the conversation. They were more willing to understand and respect each other, even if they still disagreed. The people who used the AI themselves didn’t report a huge change in how they felt about the conversation. However, they were more willing to respect the opinions of others! The results of our study show that AI did a good job of making online discussions polite. But you don’t need a reminder to be respectful. Even in the vast digital world, each conversation matters. Your choice to be kind and respectful can make a big difference. It can promote a culture of healthy discussion and understanding. This is also true for real-life conversations. 32. What do the underlined words “this task” in paragraph 1 probably refer to? A. Starting talks. B. Guiding conversations. C. Changing views. D. Sending messages. 33. What do we learn about participants with AI helpers? A. They responded to AI politely. B. They changed views as AI suggested. C. They tended to respect others’ views. D. They experienced mixed feelings. 34. What does the author want to stress in the last paragraph? A. The effectiveness of AI in online discussions. B. The significance of respectful communication. C. The importance of reminders in conversations. D. The balance between technologies and choices. 35. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. Can Al remove mean posts? B. Can AI make online talks kinder? C. How to respect different opinions? D. How to reach an agreement online? 【答案】32. B 33. C 34. B 35. B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文(实验研究报告)。文章主要讨论了人工智能(AI)在网络对话中的作用，通过一个在线实验来探讨AI助手如何帮助人们在讨论敏感话题时保持礼貌和尊重。 32. 词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“But there is a growing problem. Sometimes people don’t listen to each other and can say really hurtful things. Would it be better if there were an advisor in online talks?(但是有一个日益严重的问题。有时候人们不听对方的，会说一些很伤人的话。如果在线会谈中有一个顾问会不会更好？)”可知，有时候人们不听对方的，会说一些很伤人的话。如果在线会谈中有一个顾问会不会更好？因此划线词指代的是使用人工智能作为在线对话的顾问，以确保对话是礼貌和尊重的即避免说一些很伤人的话，故该任务指代的是即指导对话，故选B。 33. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The AI tried to make sure the discussion was polite and respectful. It didn’t change the participant’s point of view, though! The participant could accept or refuse the suggestions or completely edit the message an AI helper offers.(人工智能试图确保讨论是礼貌和尊重的。然而，这并没有改变参与者的观点！参与者可以接受或拒绝人工智能助手的建议，也可以完全编辑人工智能助手提供的信息)”可知，在使用AI助手可以确保参与者是礼貌的和尊重的，即使存在分歧，参与者可以接受或拒绝人工智能助手的建议，也可以完全编辑人工智能助手提供的信息，更愿意理解和尊重对方，故选C。 34. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Even in the vast digital world, each conversation matters. Your choice to be kind and respectful can make a big difference. It can promote a culture of healthy discussion and understanding. This is also true for real-life conversations.( 即使在庞大的数字世界里，每一次对话都很重要。你选择友善和尊重他人会带来很大的不同。它可以促进健康讨论和理解的文化。现实生活中的对话也是如此)”可知，最后一段强调了尊重的沟通的重要性，即使在数字世界中，每个人的对话都很重要，选择善良和尊重可以促进健康的讨论文化和理解，故选B。 35. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“But there is a growing problem. Sometimes people don’t listen to each other and can say really hurtful things. Would it be better if there were an advisor in online talks? We tried to use artificial intelligence(AI)(人工智能)to carry out this task.(但是有一个日益严重的问题。有时候人们不听对方的，会说一些很伤人的话。如果在线会谈中有一个顾问会不会更好? 我们尝试使用人工智能(AI)来完成这项任务)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了人工智能(AI)在网络对话中的作用，通过一个在线实验来探讨AI助手如何帮助人们在讨论敏感话题时保持礼貌和尊重。实验结果显示，使用AI助手的建议可以使对话更加积极和礼貌，参与者更愿意理解和尊重对方，即使他们仍然存在分歧即文章讨论了人工智能在使在线对话更加礼貌方面的作用，故选B。 04 (2023-2024学年高一下·无锡市·期末统考) D(原卷为C篇) Most of us can’t smell our own breath. If someone bravely informs you your breath smells, believe them, and do something about it. Your breath can be the first sign that something in your body needs attention. Here are some tips to help you identify the cause, and how to fix it. Of the many causes of bad breath, 90% come from rotten(腐烂的)— smelling bacterial(细菌的)by-products inside our mouth. These by-products form a series of odours(气味)that can make our breath smell like rotten eggs or human waste. The largest and most significant odour-producing part is our tongue. The back of our tongue is a perfect place for bacteria that feed on dead cells, saliva(唾液)proteins, sinus ooze and fluids from untreated tooth disease. These bacteria can form a furry coat on our tongue that spreads through our breath. The good news is that you can fix this by brushing your tongue when you clean your teeth. Eating onion and garlic can add a sulphurous(硫的)tone to your breath for up to three days, due mainly to food particles left behind. Smoking also causes bad mouth smells to stay. Hard-to-reach places in the mouth where the toothbrush just can’t seem to clean can act like greenhouses where unhealthy bacteria develop. Spaces in faulty or broken fillings, holes in teeth, gap s in the gums, as well as improperly cleaned dental implants(移植)all contribute to bad odours. Your dentist can help identify these smell-promoting storing places, and fix or clean them. We all experience morning breath, with some suffering more than others. Morning breath occurs when our saliva flow slows or stops while we sleep. And without saliva to wash, everything seems to stop and the bacteria multiply to give off gassy odours. Other factors that reduce saliva include stress, anxiety, blood-pressure-reducing medication, drugs, caffeine and alcohol. This is why it is important to brush your teeth, and use suitable tools such as proper brushes before going to bed. 32. What is the function of paragraph 1? A. To share an experience. B. To introduce a topic. C. To state an opinion. D. To raise a question. 33. What does the underlined word “identify” mean in paragraph 2? A. Confirm. B. Report. C. Avoid. D. Present. 34. Which part contributes most in producing bad smell? A. Mouth. B. Teeth. C. Tongue. D. Nose. 35. What shall we do to avoid bad breath? A. Keep off onion and garlic. B. Reduce smoking. C. Skip meals frequently. D. Drink coffee and alcohol. 36. What could be the best title of this passage? A. Dirty tongues lead to bad smell B. Improper habits cause bad smell C. Follow daily routine and avoid bad breath D. Find the causes of bad breath and the ways to remove it 【答案】32. B 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了口臭的可能原因及解决方法。 32. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Most of us can’t smell our own breath. If someone bravely informs you your breath smells, believe them, and do something about it.(我们大多数人都闻不到自己的口气。如果有人勇敢地告诉你你的口气有味道，相信他们，并采取行动)”和下文内容可知，第一段简要介绍了人们无法闻到自己的口气这一情况，并鼓励读者相信别人，如果被告知自己有口气，要及时处理，从而引入下文口臭的话题和解决方法，并在随后的段落中进一步扩展。所以第一段的功能是引入一个话题，故选B项。 33. 词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Your breath can be the first sign that something in your body needs attention. Here are some tips to help you identify the cause, and how to fix it.(你的呼吸可能是你身体需要注意的第一个信号。这里有一些提示，可以帮助您identify原因，以及如何解决它)”中“the cause(原因)”和“how to fix it”可推知，要先确定原因，然后再解决问题。划线词identify与confirm同义，意为“确定”，故选A项。 34. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The largest and most significant odour-producing part is our tongue.(最大和最重要的气味产生部分是我们的舌头)”可知，舌头是导致口臭产生的主要器官，故选C项。 35. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Smoking also causes bad mouth smells to stay.(吸烟也会导致口腔异味持续存在)”可知，为了避免口臭，要少抽烟，故选B项。 36. 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Most of us can’t smell our own breath. If someone bravely informs you your breath smells, believe them, and do something about it.(我们大多数人都闻不到自己的口气。如果有人勇敢地告诉你你的口气有味道，相信他们，并采取行动)”、第二段“Your breath can be the first sign that something in your body needs attention. Here are some tips to help you identify the cause, and how to fix it.(你的呼吸可能是你身体需要注意的第一个信号。这里有一些提示，可以帮助您确定原因，以及如何解决它)”和下文内容可知，文章分析了口臭的可能原因及解决方法。故D项“Find the causes of bad breath and the ways to remove it(找出口臭的原因以及消除口臭的方法)”能概括文章主要内容，是文章最佳标题，故选D项。 05 (2023-2024学年高一下·常州市·期末统考) D(原卷为C篇) In a world featuring endless choices, the search for simplicity has become more than just a desire—it’s a necessity. The book Yes Means Yes, Everything Else Means No explores the philosophy of simplicity and decision-making. Written by Bruce Mullen, this book goes beyond self-help clichés(陈词滥调)and offers a genuine, actionable approach to guiding life’s choices. The book recognizes decision-making as the centre of human existence and invites readers to admit each decision carries a weight. “Yes Means Yes, Everything Else Means No” sums up a sign if can’t rule—a definite “Yes” and a clear “No.” It encourages readers to focus on the “Yes” and stop readers from puting their effort into uncertain things. Another rule stressed in the book is simplicity in decision-making. By adopting simplicity, decision-makers aim to get the key information, focus on the most related factors, and avoid unnecessary aspects, enabling quicker judgments and swifter conclusions. The book is a practical guide to enhance decision-making skills. The author doesn’t merely express the philosophy but equips readers with the tools they need to apply effectively. From techniques to give preference to tasks to methods for avoiding distractions(分心), the book offers skills for simplifying the decision-making process. Through personal experiences, Mullen determined the power of simplification, guiding people to make decisions according to one’s own values and desires. Beyond individual context, this book also influences business strategies, relationship dynamics, and societal considerations. Mullen not only explores the essence of “yes means yes” but stresses the significance of making clear decisions at a crossroads. “Yes Means Yes, Everything Else Means No” is more than a book; it’s a philosophy that can change how we approach decisions. For those seeking to guide life with clarity and purpose, this book is a guiding light in the fog of in decision. 32. What are the readers encouraged to do according to paragraph 2? A. Solve uncertain matters. B. Summarize a key principle. C. Concentrate on related things. D. Make decisions independently. 33. Why is the book a practical guide to readers? A. To provide readers with life values. B. To help readers express philosophy. C. To improve readers’ critical thinking skills. D. To equip readers with decision-making skills. 34. What is paragraph 4 of the text mainly about? A. Definition of simplicity. B. Rules of making decisions. C. Benefits of stressing clarity. D. Influences of decision-making. 35. What is the article aimed at? A. Recommending a book. B. Sharing a positive attitude. C. Describing a simple lifestyle D. Solving philosophical problems. 【答案】32. C 33. D 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【语篇导读】这是一篇书评‌，兼具‌说明文‌，兼具说明文与‌推荐性文本的特点。文章主要介绍了《Yes Means Yes, Everything Else Means No》这本可以增强读者决策力的书。 32. 推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Another rule stressed in the book is simplicity in decision-making. By adopting simplicity, decision-makers aim to get the key information, focus on the most related factors, and avoid unnecessary aspects, enabling quicker judgments and swifter conclusions.(书中强调的另一条规则是决策的简单性。通过采用简化，决策者获取关键信息，关注最相关的因素，避免不必要的方面，从而更快地判断和更快地得出结论)”可知，这本书建议读者专注于相关的事情，故选C。 33. 推理判断题。由文章第三段“The book is a practical guide to enhance decision-making skills. The author doesn’t merely express the philosophy but equips readers with the tools they need to apply effectively. From techniques to give preference to tasks to methods for avoiding distractions(分心), the book offers skills for simplifying the decision-making process.(这本书是提高决策能力的实用指南。作者不仅表达了哲学，还为读者提供了有效应用所需要的工具。从优先处理任务的技巧到避免分心的方法，这本书提供了简化决策过程的技巧)”可知，这本书提供了使读者具备决策能力的有效工具，所以是读者的实用指南，故选D。 34. 主旨大意题。由文章第四段“Through personal experiences, Mullen determined the power of simplification, guiding people to make decisions according to one’s own values and desires. Beyond individual context, this book also influences business strategies, relationship dynamics, and societal considerations. Mullen not only explores the essence of “yes means yes” but stresses the significance of making clear decisions at a crossroads.(通过个人经历，马伦确定了简化的力量，引导人们根据自己的价值观和欲望做出决定。除了个人背景，这本书也影响商业战略，关系动态，和社会的考虑。马伦不仅探讨了“是就是是”的本质，还强调了在十字路口做出明确决定的重要性)”可知，本段主要陈述了强调清晰(简化)的好处，故选C。 35. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章最后一段“‘Yes Means Yes, Everything Else Means No’is more than a book; it’s a philosophy that can change how we approach decisions. For those seeking to guide life with clarity and purpose, this book is a guiding light in the fog of in decision.(《Yes Means Yes, Everything Else Means No》不仅仅是一本书；这是一种可以改变我们做决定方式的哲学。对于那些寻求用清晰和目标来引导生活的人来说，这本书是在迷茫中指引方向的明灯)”可知，这篇文章的目的是推荐《Yes Means Yes, Everything Else Means No》这本书，故选A。 06 (2023-2024学年高一下·常州市·期末统考) D The Food and Drug Administration on Tuesday proposed maximum limits for the amount of lead(铅)in baby foods, after years of studies revealed that many processed products contained levels known to pose a risk to baby health. “This is really important progress for babies,” said Scott Faber, vice president of public affairs for the Environmental Working Group, a nonprofit organization that had advised the agency(机构)to take action to remove metals from foods. “We were thankful that F.D.A. has made reducing poisonous metals in baby food a priority(优先事项).” The new limits, aimed at foods for children under 2, do not deal with grain-based snacks that have also been found to contain high levels of heavy metals. And they do not limit other metals, like cadmium, which the agency and many consumer groups have found in baby foods in previous years. Jane Houlihan, research director for Healthy Babies Bright Futures, a nonprofit, called the guidelines disappointing. “It doesn’t go far enough to protect babies from neurodevelopmental(神经发育的)damage from lead exposures,” she said. “Lead is in almost every baby food we’ve tested, and the action levels that F.D.A. has set will influence almost none of that food.” The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has said there is no safe level of lead for children, who more readily absorb the heavy metal. The agency estimated that the proposed levels could reduce the dietary(饮食的)exposure to lead for some young children by about 25 percent. However, according to the F.D.A., even low levels of lead exposure in children can lead to “learning disabilities, behavior difficulties and lowered I.Q”. Lead is everywhere in the environment from decades of uncontrolled use in gasoline for cars, farm machinery, aircraft and paint, said Tracey Woodruff, a scientist at the University of California. Mr. Faber said the new guideline would cause food companies to encourage suppliers to change their farming practices to reduce the lead levels in food. “I think that past history has shown that farmers and food companies are very quickly able to change how they grow and process these ingredients to meet tougher standards,” he said. 32. What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A. The purposes of the guidelines. B. The benefits of the guidelines. C. The disadvantages of the guidelines. D. The functions of the guidelines. 33. Why does the guideline disappoint Jane Houlihan? A. It aims at all kinds of poisonous metals. B. It only focuses on reducing the amount of lead. C. It fails to protect children from lead exposures. D. It encourages farmers to deal with snacks with heavy metals. 34. Which of the following best describes Mr. Faber’s attitude towards the guideline? A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Cautious. D. Unclear. 35. What change may the guideline bring directly according to the last paragraph? A. The way of farming. B. The lifestyle of the farmers. C. The supplies of food. D. The management of the food companies. 【答案】32. C 33. C 34. A 35. A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。美国食品和药物管理局提出了婴儿食品中铅的最高限量，但人们对该指导方针看法不一。 32. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The new limits, aimed at foods for children under 2, do not deal with grain-based snacks that have also been found to contain high levels of heavy metals. And they do not limit other metals, like cadmium, which the agency and many consumer groups have found in baby foods in previous years.(新的限制针对的是两岁以下儿童的食品，不包括谷物零食，这些零食也被发现含有高浓度的重金属。此外，它们也不限制镉等其他金属，该机构和许多消费者团体在前几年就在婴儿食品中发现了镉)”可知，第三段指出了该指导方针的缺点，故选C。 33. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“It doesn’t go far enough to protect babies from neurodevelopmental(神经发育的)damage from lead exposures,(它不足以保护婴儿免受铅暴露造成的神经发育损伤)”和“Lead is in almost every baby food we’ve tested, and the action levels that F.D.A. has set will influence almost none of that food.(我们测试过的几乎所有婴儿食品都含有铅，而F.D.A.设定的行动水平几乎不会影响到这些食品)”可知，Jane Houlihan之所以对指南失望，是因为它没能保护儿童免受铅接触，故选C。 34. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Mr. Faber said the new guideline would cause food companies to encourage suppliers to change their farming practices to reduce the lead levels in food.(费伯说，新的指导方针将促使食品公司鼓励供应商改变他们的耕作方式，以降低食品中的铅含量)”可知，费伯先生对指导方针的态度是积极的，故选A。 35. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“I think that past history has shown that farmers and food companies are very quickly able to change how they grow and process these ingredients to meet tougher standards,(我认为，过去的历史表明，农民和食品公司能够很快改变他们种植和加工这些成分的方式，以满足更严格的标准)”可知，指导方针可能直接带来“耕种方式”的变化，故选A。 07 (2023-2024学年高一下·常州市溧阳市·期末统考) D(原卷为C篇) “The news is ... there is no news.” With those words, outside St Mary’s Hospital in London awaiting the birth of Prince George in July 2013, my reporting for the BBC went viral on the Internet. Not for what I was saying but the way I was saying it. The helpless look. The depressed tone. Viewers could relate to me. Because they are human. And so am I. Fedha is not human. Yes, the fair-haired woman looks human. This week she was introduced as the first presenter in Kuwait who works by artificial intelligence. “What kind of news do you prefer? Let's hear your opinions,” she says in Arabic. AI newsreaders actually never make a cock-up of their jobs. They can skip the mispronunciations, the complaints over foundation colours in makeup, and even the stresses over too-weak hairspray. To examine the problems that may come with an AI newsreader, I thought I would turn the tables and ask Genie — the chatbot powered by ChatGPT. “They may struggle with delivering the news in a way that is appealing to viewers,” Genie says. I get that. As far as delivering the news is concerned, the face and voice behind it matters. My ChatGPT friend also tells me that there are concerns about the potential for AI newsreaders to be used to spread false information, as they may not be able to determine the correctness of a story’s source. Not just in the delivery of news, but in its content. AI is already involved in the spread of “untrue news” — and that will only get worse. At a time when trust in news providers is reducing, the next few years threaten to be very challenging if that trust is to be regained. One of the main concerns about AI newsreaders is that they lack the human touch and emotion. I have delivered some of the biggest stories. Whether it be an air attack or the death of a major figure, it's not just the words that matter. You need to look and sound right. An AI newsreader cannot convey(传达)a reaction to a breaking story. 32. How did viewers react according to paragraph 1? A. They found the reporting confusing. B. They felt excited about the reporting. C. They considered the author unprofessional. D. They knew the author’s thoughts and feelings. 33. What does the underlined part “make a cock-up of” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Talk about. B. Make a fool of. C. Keep an eye on. D. Mess up. 34. What does Genie think of AI newsreaders? A. They may deliver misleading news. B. They can locate the source of a news story. C. They interact with viewers in an improper way. D. They wear the same facial expressions as humans. 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To voice his doubt about AI newsreaders. B. To share his experience of being a reporter. C. To introduce an AI newsreader called Fedha. D. To show ChatGPT's impact on news reporting. 【答案】32. D 33. D 34. A 35. A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了人工智能新闻播报员的局限，特别是其缺乏人类情感和触感的问题，以及对新闻真实性和信任度的潜在影响。 32. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后三句“Viewers could relate to me. Because they are human. And so am I.”(观众们能够理解我。因为他们是人类，而我也是)可推断观众通过作者无助的表情和沮丧的语调，能够感受到作者当时的想法和情感。因此，他们与作者产生了共鸣，理解了作者的心情，故选D。 33. 词义猜测题。根据后文“They can skip the mispronunciations, the complaints over foundation colours in makeup, and even the stresses over too-weak hairspray.”(它们可以跳过发音错误、对化妆粉底颜色的抱怨，甚至是对发胶不够牢固的担忧)，此处列举了AI新闻播报员不会犯的一些常见错误，如发音错误、化妆颜色问题、以及头发定型喷雾不足等问题，由此可推测前文强调的是AI新闻播报员不会在工作中犯错，故选D。 34. 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“My ChatGPT friend also tells me that there are concerns about the potential for AI newsreaders to be used to spread false information, as they may not be able to determine the correctness of a story's source. Not just in the delivery of news, but in its content. ”(我的 ChatGPT 朋友还告诉我，人们担心人工智能新闻播报员可能会被用来传播虚假信息，因为他们可能无法确定新闻来源的正确性。不仅是在新闻传递方面，而且在新闻内容方面)可知，Genie 认为人工智能新闻播报员可能会传播误导性新闻，故选A。 35. 推理判断题(写作目的)。在文中，作者通过自己的亲身经历，描述了人类新闻播报员在播报新闻时的情感和反应，然后对比了人工智能新闻播报员的局限性，比如缺乏人类的情感和可能传播虚假信息的风险。作者通过提出这些问题和担忧，表达了对人工智能新闻播报员能否有效地替代人类播报员的怀疑态度，故选A。 08 (2023-2024学年高一下·常州市溧阳市·期末统考) D It is thought that music can benefit kids’ growth. Techniques for integrating(融入)music into math lessons range from clapping to pieces with different rhythms when learning numbers and fractions, to using math to design music al instruments. Previous research has shown that children who are better at music also do better at math. But whether teaching music to youngsters actually improves their math test scores has been less clear. To find out more, Turkish researcher Dr Ayea Akin, carried out a study. She first reviewed the results of 55 studies from around the world, involving almost 78,000young people from kindergarteners to university students. Then she classified the types of musical intervention in education: standardized music interventions(typical music lessons, in which children sing and listen to, and compose music), instrumental musical interventions(lessons in which children learn how to play instruments, either individually or as part of a band)and music-math integrated interventions, in which music is integrated into math lessons. Finally, she compared students’ math test results before and after taking part in the interventions. The result shows that the use of music, whether in separate lessons or as part of math classes, was connected with greater improvement in math over time. To be more specific, both subjects require abstract(抽象的)thought and quantitative reasoning. For example, geometry and music have much in common, such as the use of symmetry(对称). Arithmetic may lend itself particularly well to being taught through music because central concepts, such as fractions and ratios(比例), are also important to music. Integrated lessons are especially effective because they are more enjoyable than traditional math lessons and students can feel less nervous about math. Dr Taylor Francis, an expert in education, said, “The study can give teachers a real insight into both math and music education. However, the study can be more thorough. It should include more factors such as students’ gender(性别), socio-economic status and the length of musical instruction in the study.” 32. What may be the topic of Dr Ayca Akin’s study? A. How music can be integrated into math education. B. How math influences the design of musical instruments. C. How music education can benefit children at an early stage. D. How music influences students' academic performance in math. 33. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The forms of major music lessons. B. The significance of music lessons. C. The process of Dr Ayca Akin’s study. D. The differences of musical interventions. 34. Why are integrated lessons especially effective? A. They can ease students’ anxiety about math. B. They can teach integrating math to students. C. They can make abstract ideas easy to understand. D. They can make students connect music to geometry. 35. What is Dr Taylor Francis’ attitude towards the study? A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Objective. D. Unclear. 【答案】32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了土耳其研究者Dr. Ayça Akin进行的一项关于音乐如何影响学生数学成绩的研究。 32. 推理判断题。根据第一段“But whether teaching music to youngsters actually improves their math test scores has been less clear. To find out more, Turkish researcher Dr Ayea Akin, carried out a study.( 但是，教授年轻人音乐是否真的能提高他们的数学考试成绩还不太清楚。为了了解更多，土耳其研究员艾亚·阿金博士进行了一项研究)”可知，Dr Ayca Akin 的研究主题可能是音乐如何影响学生在数学方面的学业成绩，故选D项。 33. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“She first reviewed the results of 55 studies from around the world, involving almost 78,000young people from kindergarteners to university students. Then she classified the types of musical intervention in education: standardized music interventions(typical music lessons, in which children sing and listen to, and compose music), instrumental music al interventions(lessons in which children learn how to play instruments, either individually or as part of a band)and music-math integrated interventions, in which music is integrated into math lessons. Finally, she compared students’ math test results before and after taking part in the interventions(她首先回顾了来自全球的55项研究结果，这些研究涉及了从幼儿园到大学生的近78,000名年轻人。然后，她将教育中的音乐干预类型进行了分类：标准化音乐干预(典型的音乐课程，孩子们在其中唱歌、听音乐和作曲)、器乐音乐干预(课程中孩子们学习如何演奏乐器，无论是个人还是作为乐队的一部分)以及音乐-数学综合干预，即在数学课程中融入音乐。最后，她比较了学生们在参与这些干预前后的数学测试结果)”可知，第二段主要讲述了主要描述了Dr Ayca Akin的研究过程：她首先回顾了相关研究结果，对教育中的音乐干预类型进行分类，最后比较学生参与干预前后的数学测试结果，故选C项。 34. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Integrated lessons are especially effective because they are more enjoyable than traditional math lessons and students can feel less nervous about math.(综合课程特别有效，因为它们比传统的数学课程更有趣，学生可以减少对数学的紧张感)”可知，综合课程特别有效是因为它们比传统数学课更有趣，能减轻学生对数学的焦虑，故选A项。 35. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dr Taylor Francis, an expert in education, said, “The study can give teachers a real insight into both math and music education. However, the study can be more thorough. It should include more factors such as students’ gender(性别), socio-economic status and the length of musical instruction in the study.”(教育专家泰勒·弗朗西斯博士表示：‘这项研究可以让教师真正了解数学和音乐教育。然而，这项研究可以更加深入。它应该包括更多因素，如学生的性别、社会经济地位以及音乐教育的时长。’)”可知，Dr Taylor Francis 既肯定了研究的价值，又指出了其不足，态度是客观的，故选C项。 09 (2023-2024学年高一下·镇江市·期末统考) D(原卷为C篇) What does a 450-million-year old land plant have to do with waking you up for work in the morning? Unless you’re sleeping on a forest floor, we’d say not a whole lot. Moss(苔藓)Echo is out to change all that, bringing ancient nature into the modern home in a rather clever little device. The Moss Echo has actual moss growing on it. But it’s not just a mini garden; it’s a handy home device that keeps time, works as an alarm clock and includes a Bluetooth speaker, with an LED display that’s programmed through a smartphone app. Moss sits on a replaceable moss filter(过滤器), which surrounds the network of LED bulbs(灯泡). Besides, Moss Echo has been created by its team to act as a powerful purifier(净化器), with the plant’s tiny leaf-like structures—called phyllids—taking in pollutants and then releasing clean air back into the environment. It also comes with plenty of nature-themed features, like a sleep mode that plays relaxing sounds of the great outdoors to help you drift off, and an alarm clock that’ll wake you up in an equally gentle way. For anyone who has experienced a moss takeover in the garden, you’ll know that these plants are extremely adaptable. The moss here can survive for six months without water, but we don’t recommend preventing your little air-quality helpers from a drink;  the creators suggest giving it a spritz(喷)a couple of times a day. However, if your brown thumb does strike, makers Moss  Lab have replacement filters that click into the device’s frame(框), for an additional cost. If watered, even irregularly, the moss should stay happy and healthy for many years. There are some personalizing add-ons, like switching up the look with different wood and metal frames, for an additional price. The Moss Echo is available for US$179, which is 40% off expected retail. Included in the pack is a white or black unit, USB-C cable and a sleek water spray bottle. 32. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about Moss Echo? A. Its size. B. Its functions. C. Its price. D. Its structure. 33. Which of the following helps Moss Echo to act as a purifier? A. Phyllids. B. The network of LED bulbs. C. The moss filter. D. The Bluetooth speaker. 34. What can we infer about the moss from paragraph 3? A. It only lives for 6 months. B. It is easy to survive. C. It adapts to the environment slowly. D. It doesn’t need watering. 35. What can we learn about Moss Echo? A. It costs more than US$200. B. It offers wood and metal frames for free. C. It helps to improve your gardening skills. D. It combines nature with modern technology. 【答案】32. B 33. A 34. B 35. D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种名为Moss Echo的设备，这是一种结合了古老的苔藓植物和现代科技的家用设备，具有时间显示、闹钟、蓝牙音箱等功能，同时还能净化空气。 32. 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The Moss Echo has actual moss growing on it. But it’s not just a mini garden; it’s a handy home device that keeps time, works as an alarm clock and includes a Bluetooth speaker, with an LED display that’s programmed through a smartphone app.”(Moss Echo上真的有苔藓生长。但它不仅仅是一个迷你花园；它是一个方便的家用设备，可以显示时间，作为闹钟，还包括一个蓝牙音箱，有一个可以通过智能手机应用程序编程的LED显示屏)可知，第二段主要介绍了Moss Echo的功能，故选B。 33. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Besides, Moss Echo has been created by its team to act as a powerful purifier(净化器), with the plant’s tiny leaf-like structures—called phyllids—taking in pollutants and then releasing clean air back into the environment.”(此外，Moss Echo的团队创建它是为了作为一个强大的净化器，植物的微小叶状结构——称为叶状体——吸收污染物，然后将清洁的空气释放回环境中)可知，叶状结构帮助Moss Echo作为净化器，故选A。 34. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The moss here can survive for six months without water, but we don’t recommend preventing your little air-quality helpers from a drink; the creators suggest giving it a spritz(喷)a couple of times a day.”(这里的苔藓可以在没有水的情况下生存六个月，但我们不建议阻止你的小空气质量助手喝水；创造者建议每天喷几次水)可推知，苔藓可以在没有水的情况下存活六个月，由此可知，苔藓的生存能力强，故选B。 35. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Moss(苔藓)Echo is out to change all that, bringing ancient nature into the modern home in a rather clever little device.”(Moss Echo要改变所有这些，将古老的自然带入现代家庭，这是一个相当聪明的小设备)可知，Moss Echo将自然与现代科技结合，故选D。 10 (2023-2024学年高一下·镇江市·期末统考) D Are you one of those people who, when you have a cappuccino or tea in a café, immediately write a review about it on Google? Some of us tend to write about every single experience. It doesn't matter how small they may be: buying a book, taking a train trip, going to the hairdresser... These messages and scores that describe our experiences provide information to other people. The phenomenon(现象)shows that we live in a society extremely fond of labels(标签). It seems we've learned to live our lives guided by reviews and comments on social media, by  “likes”, and by the number of stars awarded to a product or a person. However, are we taking it to the extreme? The delusion(错觉)of hyper-valuation(高估)is the tendency for any product, experience, situation, or person to be the object of numerical(数字的)labeling. In fact, something as simple as having a coffee or reading a book, now requires you to make the effort and translate that experience into a score of one, two, or even five yellow stars. Social media and the delusion of hyper-valuation have introduced the idea to you that everything must be perfect. You seek the best experience. The ideal person. The dream service. For example, you want your coffee to take you to the Piazza di Spagna in Rome. You want the hotel pillow you sleep on to be as soft as silk and the taxi you take to have the shiniest wheels. Only then will you give the service five stars and a good review. The idea that you're going to value everything about the experience when it ends forces you to live it through the filter(滤镜)of analysis and judgment. It leads you, sooner or later, to feelings of frustration and dissatisfaction. Because sometimes, the coffee might be cold and bitter, but it's not the end of the world. Indeed, imperfection is a part of life and it has its own certain charm. 32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph? A. Bad behavior in public places. B. Lack of communication between friends. C. Impatience with service in a café. D. Addiction to sharing review s on social media. 33. Why does the author mention the examples in paragraph 5? A. To show overly high expectations. B. To provide practical solutions. C. To present positive reviews. D. To list good services. 34. What's the author's attitude towards imperfection? A. Acceptable. B. Negative. C. Uncertain. D. Doubtful. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. Development of social media B. Necessity of numerical labeling C. Delusion of hyper-evaluation D. Popularity of e-mail messages 【答案】32. D 33. A 34. A 35. C 【语篇导读】这是一篇议论文，主要讨论了社会上普遍存在的一种现象——对任何产品、体验、情况或人进行数字化标签的倾向，即“高估错觉”，并对这种现象进行了批评和反思。 32. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Are you one of those people who, when you have a cappuccino or tea in a café, immediately write a review about it on Google? Some of us tend to write about every single experience. It doesn't matter how small they may be: buying a book, taking a train trip, going to the hairdresser...”(当你在咖啡馆里喝了一杯卡布奇诺或茶，你是那种立刻在谷歌上写一篇评论的人吗?有些人倾向于把每一次经历都写下来。不管它们有多小：买一本书、坐火车旅行、去理发店……)可知，文章描述的现象是人们在社交媒体上分享评论的瘾，故选D。 33. 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“For example, you want your coffee to take you to the Piazza di Spagna in Rome. You want the hotel pillow you sleep on to be as soft as silk and the taxi you take to have the shiniest wheels. Only then will you give the service five stars and a good review.”(例如，你希望你的咖啡能带你去罗马的西班牙广场。你希望你睡的酒店枕头软如丝绸，你坐的出租车有最亮的轮子。只有这样，你才会给这个服务五星和好评)可知，作者举这些例子是为了展示过高的期望，故选A。 34. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Indeed, imperfection is a part of life and it has its own certain charm.”(事实上，不完美是生活的一部分，它有自己的魅力)可知，作者对不完美的态度是接受的，故选A。 35. 主旨大意题。通读全文且根据第三段“The delusion(错觉)of hyper-valuation(高估)is the tendency for any product, experience, situation, or person to be the object of numerical(数字的)labeling.”(高估的错觉是指任何产品、经历、情况或人都倾向于成为数字标签的对象)可知，主要讨论了社会上普遍存在的一种现象——对任何产品、体验、情况或人进行数字化标签的倾向，即“高估错觉”，并对这种现象进行了批评和反思。所以短文的标题为“高估错觉”切题，故选C。 11 (2023-2024学年高一下·南通市·期末统考) D Neuralink has conducted its first surgical test of a brain chip implant(芯片植入), announcing a new step of Elon Musk’s ambitious plan to let humans wirelessly(无线)connect their brains with phones and other devices. Months before, for its clinical trial, Neuralink called for volunteers aged 22 and above with quadriplegia(四肢瘫痪)due to a brain injury or ALS, a disease that prevents people from controlling their bodies. This clinical trial is called PRIME — for Precise Robotically Implanted Brain-Computer Interface. As the name implies, the process involves using a robot to surgically put the wires of the company’s implant into a part of the brain related to movement. The implant procedure employs custom-made microscopic needles. The tip is only 10 to 12 microns in width — slightly larger than the diameter of a red blood cell, which allows threads to be put in with minimal damage to the brain. Neuralink has previously faced different opinions due to accusations(指控)in 2022 and 2023 against the effect the company’s practices produced on monkeys and other animals used in testing. “No monkey has died as a result of a Neuralink implant,” Musk said in response last September, “to reduce risk to healthy monkeys, we chose terminal monkeys.” Research in computers and neurology(神经学)has been going for decades, including the fast growing field of decoding(解码)the brain’s electrical activity around words,  impulses and images. Much of the ongoing research has sought to bring people affected by paralysis and blindness new ways of interacting with the world. But implants have also long been seen as having the potential to “enhance” people who aren’t affected by such serious conditions. “Imagine the joy of connecting with your loved ones, surfing the Internet or even playing games using only your thoughts,” Neuralink said. 32. Through brain chip implant test, Neuralink aims ________. A. to reduce people’s control over the outside world B. to call for more people to volunteer in the research C. to cure people of diseases such as quadriplegia and ALS D. to enable people to use modern devices with their minds 33. What does the underlined word “terminal” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Full of energy. B. Close to death. C. Willing to be volunteers. D. Unlikely to be sick. 34. What can be concluded about the Neuralink implant? A. It has been going on for decades. B. It can also benefit healthy people. C. It can make your loved ones happier. D. It is conducted widely across the world. 35. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Neuralink Put Implant into a Human Brain B. Neuralink Researched in Computer Technology C. Neuralink Helped to Connect Your Beloved Ones D. Neuralink Treated Rare Diseases Just with Needles 【答案】32. D 33. B 34. B 35. A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道(重在说明)，主要讲述了Elon Musk的公司Neuralink进行了首次脑芯片植入手术测试，这是他让人类能够无线连接他们的大脑与手机和其他设备的雄心壮志计划的新步骤。 32. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Neuralink has conducted its first surgical test of a brain chip implant(芯片植入), announcing a new step of Elon Musk’s ambitious plan to let humans wirelessly(无线)connect their brains with phones and other devices.”(Neuralink进行了首次脑芯片植入手术测试，这是Elon Musk让人类能够无线连接他们的大脑与手机和其他设备的雄心壮志计划的新步骤)可知，Neuralink的目标是让人们能够用思维使用现代设备，故选D。 33. 词义猜测题。根据文章第五段“to reduce risk to healthy monkeys,”(为了减少对健康猴子的风险)可知，为了减少对健康猴子的风险，我们选择了临终的猴子。这里的“terminal”应该是指“临终的”，故选B。 34. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Imagine the joy of connecting with your loved ones, surfing the Internet or even playing games using only your thoughts,” Neuralink said.(“想象一下，只用你的思维就能与你的亲人联系，上网或者玩游戏，”Neuralink说)可知，Neuralink的植入物也可以让健康的人受益，故选B。 35. 主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据第三段“This clinical trial is called PRIME—for Precise Robotically Implanted Brain-Computer Interface. As the name implies, the process involves using a robot to surgically put the wires of the company’s implant into a part of the brain related to movement. ”(这项临床试验被称为PRIME——精确机器人植入脑机接口。顾名思义，这个过程包括使用机器人将该公司植入物的导线像手术一样植入大脑中与运动相关的部分)可知，主要讲述了Elon Musk的公司Neuralink进行了首次脑芯片植入手术测试，这是他让人类能够无线连接他们的大脑与手机和其他设备的雄心壮志计划的新步骤。所以短文的标题为“Neuralink植入芯片于人脑”，故选A项。 12 (2023-2024学年高一下·泰州市·期末统考) D(原卷为B篇) We have all heard how plastic pollution has overflowed every corner of the world. Recently, scientists have made a surprising discovery that microplastics are even found in the human bloodstream. After analyzing blood samples(样本)from 22 healthy people, researchers found microplastics in 17 of them! Most of the microplastics were classified as polyethylene terephthalate(PET), which is commonly found in drink bottles, and there were small amounts of polyethylene, which makes up plastic bags. Although the exact chemical effects of microplastics on our bodies are unknown, it is clear that the increasing amounts of plastic in our environment could bring a risk to human cells in the future. Microplastics were never considered a significant threat to the atmosphere until recent studies began to reveal that they could be found everywhere across the skies. For example, scientists recently discovered the presence of microplastics in the Pyrenees Mountain Range in Europe, believed to have arrived by rain or snow. The low mass of microplastics makes them spread through air, which is why they can travel hundreds, even thousands, of miles from their source. They are also likely to spread through wastewater, oceans, and even soil. Microplastics that are being blown and swept into the air have the potential to affect air quality and cloud formation. In fact, massive microplastics in the air could form such a kind of clouds that tend to stick around longer than naturally forming clouds. With microplastics accumulating in the air we breathe, there is also an increasing concern that they may affect human lungs. The new study will allow scientists to better understand the impacts on human health and is a reminder of the need to find other replacements for plastic. 32. What have scientists discovered about microplastics recently? A. They are mainly made up of PET. B. They’re a major source of pollution. C. They exist everywhere in the world. D. They’ve found their way into human bodies. 33. Why is the Pyrenees Mountain Range mentioned in the fourth paragraph? A. To present a fact. B. To provide evidence. C. To study a phenomenon. D. To introduce a topic. 34. What does the underlined word “accumulating” in the last paragraph mean? A. Becoming plentiful. B. Keeping declining. C. Staying unchanged. D. Remaining unnoticed. 35. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A book review. B. An academic paper. C. A scientific report. D. An environment brochure. 【答案】32. D 33. B 34. A 35. C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微塑料污染问题的新发现及其潜在影响。 32. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Recently, scientists have made a surprising discovery that microplastics are even found in the human bloodstream.”(最近，科学家们有了一个惊人的发现，即甚至在人体血液中也发现了微塑料)可知，科学家最近发现了微塑料已经进入人体，故选D项。 33. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Microplastics were never considered a significant threat to the atmosphere until recent studies began to reveal that they could be found everywhere across the skies. For example, scientists recently discovered the presence of microplastics in the Pyrenees Mountain Range in Europe, believed to have arrived by rain or snow.”(微塑料从未被认为是对大气的重大威胁，直到最近的研究开始表明，它们在天空中无处不在。例如，科学家们最近在欧洲的比利牛斯山脉发现了微塑料的存在，据信是由雨水或雪水带来的)可推知，第四段提到比利牛斯山脉是为了提供证据，证明微塑料无处不在，它们可以通过雨水或雪水被带到任何地方，故选B项。 33. 词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“With microplastics accumulating in the air we breathe, there is also an increasing concern that they may affect human lungs.”(随着我们呼吸的空气中微塑料accumulating，人们越来越担心它们可能影响人类肺部)中“also an increasing concern that they may affect human lungs.”可推知，人们越来越担心的是空气中微塑料的积累会对人类肺部产生影响。画线词与becoming plentiful同义，意为“积累；变得更多”，故选A项。 35. 推理判断题。根据第一段“We have all heard how plastic pollution has overflowed every corner of the world. Recently, scientists have made a surprising discovery that microplastics are even found in the human bloodstream.”(我们都听说过塑料污染已经遍布世界的每一个角落。最近，科学家们有了一个惊人的发现，即甚至在人体血液中也发现了微塑料)及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍微塑料无处不在，甚至进入人体，影响人体健康。由此推知，文章应该出自一份科学报告，故选C项。 13 (2023-2024学年高一下·泰州市·期末统考) D(原卷为C篇) Some of the 17 million Americans suffering from major depressive disorder may soon receive a surprising new suggestion from their doctors: Have fun on a virtual reality(VR)device. “Depression impacts so many people right now, and we thought VR could have a large impact,” said Bullock, founder of Stanford’s Neurobehavioral Clinic and Virtual Reality program. “There can be significant barriers to behavioral activation(行为激活)in some patients — they might be stuck in a hospital bed, or have no means to involve themselves in enjoyable activities like getting outside, exercising and volunteering. We started wondering whether simulated(模拟的)pleasant activities could be a good first step for them.” The study by Bullock’s team, published in JMIR Mental Health, followed 26 people with major depressive disorder. Half were told to plan and take part in real life activities like going on outings in their community or socializing with friends. The other half used a virtual reality headset to participate in activities ranging from table tennis to touring foreign cities or attending shows. After four weeks, people in both groups saw a decrease in their symptoms of depression and their depression rating by similar amounts. “People who might otherwise have barriers to getting treatment might be open to using this technology in their own homes,” said Margot Paul, a professor of mental and behavioral sciences. Bullock believes the cost and ease of many VR platforms—especially those that have mobile phones put into cheap cardboard headsets—make it an easy treatment to promote. The team says larger and longer-term studies are needed to find the best ways to practice virtual behavioral activation, as well as which patient populations might be best targeted with the VR treatment. They also think more efforts are needed to inform doctors about how to practice VR behavioral activation appropriately. 32. What is the benefit of using virtual reality to treat depression? A. It provides easier access to mood-lifting activities. B. It increases public awareness regarding depression. C. It motivates those with serious depression to get out. D. It is more effective than taking part in real life activities. 33. What’s Margot Paul’s attitude towards the VR treatment? A. Unclear. B. Favorable. C. Doubtful. D. Negative. 34. What might the follow-up study focus on? A. Cutting down on the cost of VR treatment. B. Exploring how VR lifts the patient’ spirits. C. Putting the VR treatment into practical use. D. Encouraging doctors to adopt VR treatment. 35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. VR — a simple tool to treat depression B. VR — a shared world without frontiers C. VR — a replacement for traditional drugs D. VR — a technology taking the world by storm 【答案】32. A 33. B 34. C 35. A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇科技新闻/健康类新闻报道。文章主要报道了一项关于使用虚拟现实(VR)技术治疗重度抑郁症患者的研究。研究发现，通过VR设备进行模拟的愉快活动与传统的现实生活中的活动一样，都能有效减轻患者的抑郁症状。研究人员认为，VR治疗成本低廉、易于推广，但仍需进一步的研究来确定最佳的实践方式，并让医生了解如何恰当地使用这种治疗方法。 32. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“There can be significant barriers to behavioral activation(行为激活)in some patients — they might be stuck in a hospital bed, or have no means to involve themselves in enjoyable activities like getting outside, exercising and volunteering. We started wondering whether simulated(模拟的)pleasant activities could be a good first step for them.”(对于一些患者来说，行为激活可能存在重大障碍——他们可能被困在医院病床上，或者没有办法参与户外活动、锻炼和志愿服务等令人愉快的活动。我们想知道模拟的愉快活动是否是他们的良好$$