Unit 1 People of achievement Learning about Language 非限制性定语从句 课件-2024-2025学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

选必一 Unit1 Learning about language Discover Useful Structures Teaching objectives: After this lesson, students are able to 1. recognise the past partciple as the attribute 2. recognise the past partciple as the object completement 3. use the past participle in writing 2 1. This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. 2. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. 3. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. Read the sentences from the text and then fill in the blanks below. 3 minutes 4. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. 5. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. 6. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. 3 minutes Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a long history. Beijing is a city that I’ve always wanted to visit. I have a sister, who works in a hospital. I have a sister who works in a hospital. Can you tell the difference? 3 minutes 限制性定从和非限制定从的区别： People who take physical exercise live longer. His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. I have a sister who is a doctor. I have a sister, who is a doctor. He is the man whose car was stolen. I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. The place which interested me most was the Children’s Palace. Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 功能不同：限：修饰，限制 非：补充说明 含义不同（修饰专业名词或具有独一无二性的名词时，用非限制性定从） 非限制性定从的先行词可以是一个从句或句子 翻译不同 3 minutes RIGHT or WRONG? The moon which is 384,400 kilometers form the earth creates many beautiful stories. Meizhou where I was born is located in the south of china. I have three foreign teachers two of whom are from Canada. 2. 思考： 什么情况下通常要用非限制性定语从句 3 minutes The moon, which is 384,400 kilometers form the earth, creates many beautiful stories. 2. Meizhou, where I was born, is located in the south of china. I have three foreign teachers, two of whom are from Canada. I have a sister, who works in a hospital. He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true 专有名词（人名，地名）或独一无二的事物 some/many/few…+of+which/whom时 唯一亲属 关系代词指代整个主句内容时 3 minutes 定语从句就其与先行词的关系可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 non-restrictive relative clauses 一、形式不同 限制性定语从句与其先行词关系密切，其间通常不用逗号隔 开，非限制性定语从句与其先行词关系不密切，常用逗号隔 开。如： The number of people who/that own cars is increasing. I spoke to Dr. Smith just now, who is always ready to help others. 3 minutes 二、作用不同 限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰和限制，如果去掉会造成句意的不完整； 非限制性定语从句对先行词是修饰，补充解释说明或对主句进行评述，去掉不影响。如： Franklin was the first man who discovered the nature of electricity. The driver, who was very young, had only just got his license. 3 minutes 三、先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代词，非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是名词或代词, 也可以是主句的一部分或整个主句。如： Things then improved, which surprised me. （先行词为整个主句） 3 minutes 四、关系词不同 限制性定语从句可以由that, why引导，而非限制性定语从句不用；关系词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，在非限制性定语从句中通常不省略。如： There were very few passengers that/who had escaped without serious injury. There were very few passengers, who had escaped without serious injury. Have you found the book (that/which) you want? 3 minutes 【拓展】 无论是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句，只要关系词在从句中作定语，都用whose引导。如： I like the teacher whose classes are very interesting and lively. Edward, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital. 3 minutes 关系副词或“介词+ which / whom”可引导限制性定语从句，也引导非限制性定语从句。如： He was born in the year when/in which the war broke out. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, where/in which my grandparents live.  3 minutes 限制性定语从句中的关系代词一般指代一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词既可以指代一个名词或代词，也可以指代主句的部分或全部内容。如： He was late for class again, which made his teacher very angry. 3 minutes 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) The foreign guests, ________ (who / that) were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport. 2) My father bought me several books, none of ________ (which / that) I like to read. 3) Is there anyone in your class ________ (which / whose) family is in the city? 4) Football, ________ (which / that) is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. who which whose which 3 minutes 5) The students went to the hospital to see Miss Zhang, ________ (that / whom) they respect greatly. 6) They went to the Royal Theatre, ________ (which / where) they saw the great show. 7) The weather turned out to be very good, ________ (which / that) was more than I had expected. 8) There are 50 students in our class, half of ________ (whom / who) are girls. whom where which      whom 3 minutes Read the following sentences and underline the relative clauses. Then name the two types of clauses and state their functions. 1. They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease. restrictive, describe the kind of medical treatments they tested 3 minutes 18 2. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honors a person can receive. non-restrictive, give extra information about Nobel Prize 3. Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. non-restrictive, give extra information about Hainan 4. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. non-restrictive, give extra information about the patients 3 minutes 19 Match the words with correct meanings. the conditions in which you live or affect a situation /action /event etc someone who writes novels smooth movement of liquid/gas/electricity; the movement of goods, people, or information; to supply information in the form of picture/graph /figures; to record information; to make a plan flow, circumstance, chart, novelist circumstance novelist flow chart 3 minutes Rewrite the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses. How do the sentences flow differently? The book tells us about Alexander Fleming. He discovered penicillin. The book tells us about Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin. 3 minutes 1. We were very impressed by the old man. He was not willing to acknowledge defeat. We were very impressed by the old man, who was not willing to acknowledge defeat. 2. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany. Hitler was in power there. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, where Hitler was in power. 3 minutes 3. There is nothing we can do to help Linda. Her circumstances are beyond our control. There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose circumstances are beyond our control. 4. The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favorite novelist, J.K. Rowling. It inspired us a lot. The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favorite novelist, J.K. Rowling, which inspired us a lot. 3 minutes 5. The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei—a famous Chinese-American architect. He was born in Guangzhou, China. The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei—a famous Chinese-American architect, who was born in Guangzhou, China. 6. I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart. It was a big challenge for me. I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, which was a big challenge for me. 3 minutes Complete the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses to give extra information. Then share them with your group members. I’d like to try…, I'd like to try that Chinese herbal medicine again, which seems to work best for my cough. 3 minutes 1. I would like to travel around…, … 2. What impressed me most…, … 3. My favorite scientist is…,… 4. Finally we arrived at…, … 5. My grandparents like …, … 6. I wish to obtain…, … 7. My best friend…, … 3 minutes 1. I would like to travel around Sichuan Province, where Jiuzhaigou locates. 2. What impressed me most about the film was the ending, which was quite moving. 3. My favorite scientist is Nikola Tesla, who was quite brilliant but also has some crazy ideas. 4. Finally we arrived at the zoo, which was closed for repairs. 5. My grandparents like going for outings in spring, which is good for their health. 3 minutes 6. I wish to obtain a driving licence, which is necessary if you want to drive a car. 7. My best friend came to visit last week, which was the first time I had seen him in years. 3 minutes 限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，使先行词区别于同类其他事物；主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开。 引导词： 关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略 非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整。一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。 引导词： as, who, whom, whose, which, when, where等，不用that或why, 不能省略 3 minutes How have weddings changed in recent years? Li Qiang: There was a time 1. ________ weddings were very traditional in China, but that changed in the 1980s, 2. ________ some Western-style ceremonies became popular. when  when Fill in the blanks with proper relative words. 3 minutes Jun Ho: Here in South Korea, marriages were traditionally arranged by a matchmaker, 3. ________ responsibility was to find the right partner for you. I have lots of friends 4. ________ parents met that way, but arranged marriages aren’t as common nowadays. whose  whose 3 minutes Cassidy: In America, there aren’t as many traditional ceremonies. Some people go to Hawaii, 5. _______ they get married on the beach, or there are actually places in the States 6. ________ a celebrity lookalike, like Elvis, performs a civil ceremony. where where 3 minutes As 1. He is a hard working student, ___ we all know. 2. He has won first prize, ____ we all expected. 3. ____ we hoped, he came to help us. 4. ___ was planned, the work was finished on time. 4. “as” can be used to refer to a whole sentence. as As as 3 minutes as 引导的非限制性定语从句一些固定句型： 1．as is mentioned above 如上所述 2．as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样 3．as is well known 众所周知 4．as was expected 正如预料的那样 5．as has been already pointed out 正如已经指出的那样 6．as we all can see 正如我们都会看到的那样 7. as is often the case 情况通常如此 8. as is reported in the newspaper 3 minutes which VS as 1.which不置于句首，as可放在句首/中/末。 2. as有表“正如…”之意，而which 不能。 ________ an old saying goes, where there is a will, there is a way. He lacks curiosity ,________ is mentioned aboved. He failed in the exam,__________made his parents disappointed. As as which 3 minutes Thank you for your attention! 河北省遵化市第一中学 严实勤恒 36 $$