2025年中考英语复习专题十四 并列复合句和主从复合句 课件

中考英语 专题十四 并列复合句 和主从复合句 专题十四 并列复合句 和 主从复合句 已知: 1+1=2 求解:句子+句子=? 复合句! e.g.: Mary cut her knee badly, so she didn't cry. 简单句 连词 简单句 2 Contents 1 2 3 4 3 一、定义:一、定义: 1 并列复合句 一What's the secret of success, Dr. Know? 一 More time and effort, and you’ll make it some day. —成功的秘诀是什么,睿智博士? —再多花些时间和精力,总有一天你会成功的。 Betty was silent at first, but soon she joined the girls, talking and laughing. 贝蒂刚开始很沉默,但很快她加入这些女孩们,又说又笑。 We must take a taxi, or we will be late for the meeting. 我们必须坐出租车,否则开会要迟到了。 The shops were closed so I couldn’t buy anything. 商店关门了,所以我什么都买不到。 找规律 一What's the secret of success, Dr. Know? 一 More time and effort, and you’ll make it some day. —成功的秘诀是什么,睿智博士? —再多花些时间和精力,总有一天你会成功的。 Betty was silent at first, but soon she joined the girls, talking and laughing. 贝蒂刚开始很沉默,但很快她加入这些女孩们,又说又笑。 We must take a taxi, or we will be late for the meeting. 我们必须坐出租车,否则开会要迟到了。 The shops were closed so I couldn’t buy anything. 商店关门了,所以我什么都买不到。 4 两个或两个以上 1 并列复合句 并列复合句句是由 把 相互独立的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。 有时也可不用连词,只用逗号或分号。 一、定义: 并列连词 二、并列连词: 表并列关系 表转折关系 表选择关系 表因果关系 两个或两个以上 表并列关系 and, both...and..., not only...but also..., as well as等 表转折关系 but, yet, still, while, however等 表选择关系 or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not...but...等 表因果关系 so, for, therefore等 5 1. —What a heavy rain! —You’d better set out a little earlier, _ you’ll be late for school. A. and B. but C. or D. so 2. David, go to bed early, _ you will feel sleepy in class tomorrow. A. and B. unless C. or D. but 3. We live in a rapidly developing world, _ we have to keep learning to avoid being left behind. A. and B.so C. or D. but 4. I love cola and hamburgers, _ they are not healthy. A. or B. so C. but D. and 并列复合句考点专练 6 两个或两个以上 2 宾语从句 类型 要点 定义 三 要 素 类型 要点 定义 在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句称为宾语从句。 三 要 素 类型 要点 定义 在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句称为宾语从句。 三 要 素 连 接 词 语序 时态 类型 要点 定义 在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句称为宾语从句。 三 要 素 连 接 词 that 本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略 what, which, who, whose, whom等 是连接代词,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等 when(表时间), where(表地点), why(表原因), how(表方式)等 是连接副词,在从句中作状语 if/ whether 表“是否”,不作句子成分,但不能省略 语序 时态 类型 要点 定义 在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句称为宾语从句。 三 要 素 连 接 词 that 本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略 what, which, who, whose, whom等 是连接代词,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等 when(表时间), where(表地点), why(表原因), how(表方式)等 是连接副词,在从句中作状语 if/ whether 表“是否”,不作句子成分,但不能省略 语序 陈述句语序 主语+谓语(+宾语)/主语+系动词+表语 时态 类型 要点 定义 在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句称为宾语从句。 三 要 素 连 接 词 that 本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略 what, which, who, whose, whom等 是连接代词,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等 when(表时间), where(表地点), why(表原因), how(表方式)等 是连接副词,在从句中作状语 if/ whether 表“是否”,不作句子成分,但不能省略 语序 陈述句语序 主语+谓语(+宾语)/主语+系动词+表语 时态 需要性原则 主句是现在时,从句时态由句意及时间状语决定。 呼应性原则 主句是过去时,从句用相应的过去的某种时态。 特殊性原则 从句表述客观事实、普遍真理和自然现象, 从句都用一般现在时。 7 两个或两个以上 2 宾语从句-连接词 1. that 作连接词 e.g.:他说凯特擅长游泳。 He said (that) Kate was good at swimming. 2. what, which, who, whose, whom 作连接词 e.g.:我不知道他们打算干什么。 I don't know what they are going to do. 3. When, where, why, how 作连接词 e.g.:你能告诉我他们住在哪里吗? Could you tell me where they live? 4. If, whether作连接词 e.g.:他问我是否能跟他去那里。 He asked if/whether I could go there with him. 8 两个或两个以上 2 宾语从句-以下情况只能用whether不用if 1. e.g.:我不能决定是否留下。 I can’t decide whether to stay. 2. e.g.:我想知道这是否是好消息。 I want to know whether it’s good news or not. 3. e.g.:他的父亲担心他是否会失去工作。 His father is worried about whether he will lose his work. 1. 动词不定式前只能用whether 2. 后有or not时用whether 3.介词后只能用whether 9 两个或两个以上 2 宾语从句-以下情况只能用whether不用if 4. e.g.:这是真是假,我真不知道。 Whether this is true, I really don’t know. 5. e.g.:你能告诉我你是否知道答案吗? Could you tell me whether you know the answer? 4.宾语从句放在句首表示强调时只能用whether 5. 句中已有if引导的状语从句或当用if会发生歧义时用whether 10 两个或两个以上 Mulan said. She is fighting. 陈述句 “ Do you like the horse?” she asks. She asks whether/if I like the horse. 陈述句 一般疑问句 “ When did Mulan leave?” Do you know? 特殊疑问句 Do you know when Mulan left? 陈述句 Mulan said that she was fighting. 宾语从句一定用 语序。 即“引导词+主语+谓语+其他成分” 陈述句 2 宾语从句-语序 11 两个或两个以上 1. 在含有宾语从句的复合句中,宾语从句要用陈述语序。因此当特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,一定要注意语序。 “Where did he go last month?” Mulan asked. = She asked where he went last month. 2. 当疑问代词what/who在特殊疑问句中作主语时,该特殊疑问句本身即是陈述语序,所以转变成宾语从句后无需再调整语序。 “What’s wrong with Mulan?” He asks. = He asks what’s wrong with Mulan. 2 宾语从句-语序之特殊疑问句 12 两个或两个以上 一般而言,宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句是I/ We think/ suppose/ guess/ believe等时,从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。 e.g. 1. Mulan thinks it’s going to rain. (肯) Mulan doesn’t think it’s going to rain. (否) 2. We believe that the children all loved Mulan. (肯) We don’t believe that the children all loved Mulan.(否) 2 宾语从句-语序之否定前移 两个或两个以上 Rule1:当主句是一般现在时,从句的时态 _。 根据实际情况而定 需要性原则 I hear (that) Mulan _ to work an hour ago. she _ interested in dragon now. she _ (come) tomorrow . Mulan _ (be) on the battlefield(战场) twice . went is will come has been 一般现在时 (主现从不限) 2 宾语从句-时态 14 两个或两个以上 Rule2:当主句是一般过去时,从句通常也用相应的_。 过去时态 呼应性原则 she _ back home. she _any elder brothers. she _ her long hair. she _ her father’s place to join the army. Mulan said would go didn’t have was cutting had took 过去将来时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 (主过从也过) 2 宾语从句-时态 15 两个或两个以上 特殊性原则 Rule3:当主句是客观真理或事实时,从句通常也用相应的 _。 一般现在时 1. She told me (that) Summer _ (be) after Spring. 2. Mulan said (that) there _ (be) two sides to everything. 3. The teacher told us (that) the earth _ (move) around the sun. is are moves 真理从现 2 宾语从句-时态 1. She told me (that) Summer _ (be) after Spring. 2. Mulan said (that) there _ (be) two sides to everything. 3. The teacher told us (that) the earth _ (move) around the sun. 16 两个或两个以上 2 宾语从句-简化 1. 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope, wish, decide, agree, choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。 e.g.: 我希望收到你的电子邮件。 I hope that I can receive your e-mail. = I hope to receive your e-mail. 2.宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。 e.g.: 我不相信Tom说的话。 I don’t believe what Tom said. = I don’t believe Tom’s words. 17 两个或两个以上 2 宾语从句-简化 3.当含有疑问词的宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 e.g.:她不知道下一步该做什么。 She doesn’t know what she should do next. =She doesn’t know what to do next. 18 Summary 19 宾语 从句 引导词 1.陈述句—that 2.一般疑问句—if/whether 3.特殊疑问句—特殊疑问词。 语 序 陈述句语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语+其他” 时 态 1.当主句是一般现在时,从句的时态根据实际情况而定 2.当主句是一般过去时,从句通常也用相应的过去时态 3.当从句是客观真理或事实时,只能用一般现在时 1. This famous saying “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers” tells us _. A. how should we treat people B. who we can learn from C. what did we say in public D. why we need teachers 2. —Many students did well in this exam. I wonder _. —Through their own efforts. A. why did they get a success B. what they learned from it C. whether they tried their best D. how they made it finally 3. —Do you know _ —Yes, in Hangzhou, a beautiful city in Zhejiang Province. A. when will the 19th Asian Games be held B. when the 19th Asian Games will be held C. where will the 19th Asian Games be held D. where the 19th Asian Games will be held 宾语从句考点专练 20 两个或两个以上 3 状语从句 类型 要点 定义 类 别 类型 要点 定义 在主从复合句中充当状语的从句称为宾语从句。 类 别 类型 要点 定义 在主从复合句中充当状语的从句称为宾语从句。 类 别 时间状从 让步状从 条件状从 原因状从 结果状从 目的状从 类型 要点 定义 在主从复合句中充当状语的从句称为宾语从句。 类 别 时间状从 when (当……的时候), while (当……的时候), as (随着/当……时), before/after (在……之前/之后), since (自……以来), as soon as (一……就……)till/until (直到……为止), not...until (直到……才……) 让步状从 if (如果), unless (=if...not 如果不,除非 ), as/so long as (只要) 条件状从 though (虽然), although (虽然), even though/if (尽管/即使) 原因状从 because (因为), since (因为,既然), as (由于,鉴于) 结果状从 so...that (如此……以至于), such...that (如此……以至于) 目的状从 so that (以便), in order that (为了) 21 两个或两个以上 3 状语从句 1. 时间状从:when, while, as, before/after, since, as soon as, till/until, not... (描述未来事件时,若主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,即“主将从现”。) e.g.:我一到北京就给你打电话。 I'll ring you up as soon as I get to Beijing. 2.让步状从:if, unless, as/so long as (从属连词although、though和并列连词but 不可同时使用)。 e.g.: 他不给我道歉,我就不理他了。 Unless he says sorry to me, I won't talk to him. 3.条件状从:though , although , even though/if e.g.:虽然迈克赛跑没有赢,但是他仍然面带微笑。 Although Mike didn't win the race, he was still wearing a smile on his face. 22 两个或两个以上 3 状语从句 4.原因状从: because, since , as (注意:在同一个句子中,because 和so不可同时使用)。 e.g.:既然人都到了,我们开始吧。 Since everyone is here, let's begin. 5.结果状从: so...that,such...that e.g.:她是一个如此可爱的女孩,以至于我们都喜欢她。 She is such a lovely girl that we all love her. 她如此可爱,以至于我们都喜欢她。 She is so lovely that we all love her. 6.目的状从: so that,in order that e.g.:他夜以继日地工作为的是取得成功。 He worked day and night in order that he could succeed. 23 两个或两个以上 3 状语从句-时态 1. 主将从现:主句用一般将来时,条件状从和时间状从常用一般现在时表将来。 e.g.:如果你来参加我的晚会,你将会玩得很开心。 You'll have a good time if you come to my party. 2. 主祈/主情从现:当主句是祈使句,或主句中有情态动词时,那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。 e.g.: 如果你来我们学校,你一定非常开心。 You must be very happy if you come to our school. 3. since引导的时间状语从句,主句一般用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。 e.g.:一月份以来这家工厂就关闭了。 The factory has been closed since January. 24 1. —How time flies! We'll graduate from middle school this weekend! —_ we have to say goodbye, I will remember our friendship forever. A. Because B. Although C. Unless D. Until 2. —This math exercise is _ difficult _ I can't work it out. —Come on! Use your head and you will find a way. such; that B. so; which C. so; that D. such; which 3. —Your son's dream will come true as long as _. —I hope so. he will study hard B. she will study hard C. he studies hard D. she studies hard 状语从句考点专练 25 两个或两个以上 4 定语从句 类型 要点 定义 构成 类型 要点 定义 在主从复合句中充当定语的从句称为宾语从句。 构成 先 行 词 关 系 词 定从 类型 要点 定义 在主从复合句中充当定语的从句称为宾语从句。 构成 先 行 词 先行词指人 that, who, whose, whom 先行词指物 that、 which、 whose 关 系 词 定从 类型 要点 定义 在主从复合句中充当定语的从句称为宾语从句。 构成 先 行 词 先行词指人 that, who, whose, whom 先行词指物 that、 which、 whose 关 系 词 that 作主语、宾语、表语(关系代词在从句中作宾语时常可省略) who 作主语、宾语、表语(关系代词在从句中作宾语时常可省略) which 作主语、宾语、表语(关系代词在从句中作宾语时常可省略) whom 作宾语 whose 作定语 when, where, why 分别作时间状语,地点状语,原因状语 定从 类型 要点 定义 在主从复合句中充当定语的从句称为宾语从句。 构成 先 行 词 先行词指人 that, who, whose, whom 先行词指物 that、 which、 whose 关 系 词 that 作主语、宾语、表语(关系代词在从句中作宾语时常可省略) who 作主语、宾语、表语(关系代词在从句中作宾语时常可省略) which 作主语、宾语、表语(关系代词在从句中作宾语时常可省略) whom 作宾语 whose 作定语 when, where, why 分别作时间状语,地点状语,原因状语 定从 意为“…的”;成分不完整 26 两个或两个以上 4 定语从句 1. that引导的定从 e.g.:我喜欢红色的苹果。 I like apples that are red. (作主语) 我们昨天看到的那个女孩是汤姆的姐姐。 The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Tom‘s sister. (作宾语) 2. which引导的定从 e.g.:我喜欢鲁迅写的书。 I love the books which were written by Lu Xun. (作主语) 我将永远不会忘记我们在一起的日子。 I’ll never forget the days, which we spent together. (作宾语) 27 两个或两个以上 4 定语从句 3. who引导的定从 e.g.:我喜欢那些唱歌吐字清晰的歌手。 I love the singers who sing words clearly. (作主语) 琼斯太太就是那个你应该等的人。 Mrs. Jones is the person who/whom you should wait for. (作介词宾语) 4. whom引导的定从 e.g.:他就是刚才和我说话的男孩。 He’s the boy (whom) I talked with just now. (作宾语) 28 两个或两个以上 4 定语从句 5. whose引导的定从 e.g.:那个父亲是名医生的男孩叫什么名字? What’s the name of the boy whose father is a doctor? (作表语) 6. when, where, why引导的定从 e.g.:我还记得我们见面的那天。 I still remember the day when we met. (作时间状语) 这是我去年学习的地方。 This is the place where I studied last year. (作地点状语) 请告诉我你迟到的原因。 Please tell me the reason why you are late. (作原因状语) 29 两个或两个以上 Summary 定语从句4考点: 1. 关系代词指代人: 2. 关系代词指代物: 3. 关系代词指代所属关系: 4. 关系副词指代时间/地点/原因: 注意:关系代词在定从中 时,可以省略。 where= in/ at/ on which when= on/ during/ in which why= for which 哪些情况关系代词只能用that,不能用which? 作宾语 that/who/whom that/which whose when/where/why 30 两个或两个以上 1. e.g.:没有什么能阻止他做这件事。 There is nothing that can stop him from doing it. 2. e.g.:他在书中描述了最让他感兴趣的人和地方。 He described in his book the people and places that interested him most. 4 定语从句-只能用that,不能用which 1.当先行词是不定代词(all, little, few, much, something, anything, everything等)或先行词被不定代词修饰时 2. 当先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时 31 两个或两个以上 3. e.g.:这是我今年读过的最好的书。 This is the best book that I have read this year. 4. e.g.:他是唯一去过那个地方的外国人。 He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. 5. e.g.:正在踢足球的那个男孩是谁? Who is the boy that is playing football? 4 定语从句-只能用that,不能用which 3.先行词前有序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时,或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词的最高级时 4. 当先行词被the only, the very等修饰时 5.主句是who或which开头的特殊疑问句时 32 两个或两个以上 1. e.g.:刚才发出那么大噪声的是什么? What’s that which made so much noise just now? 2. e.g.: 我给你看看那本我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。 Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open. 3. e.g.:她对人很友好,她丈夫却很少这样。 She was very kind to people, which her husband seldom was. 4 定语从句-只能用which,不能用that 1.先行词本身是that, those时 2.一个句子中有两个定语从句时,为避免重复,一个用that,另一个用which 3.非限制性定从,指物只能用which 33 两个或两个以上 Summary 定语从句 含义: 结构: 由一个句子充当定语,这个句子就是定语从句 修饰前面的名词或代词,相当于形容词 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句 定语从句修饰的词,在从句前 引导定语从句的关联词(从句中第一个词) ①替代前面的先行词 (替代作用) ②连接主句和定语从句 (连接作用) ③在定语从句中作句子成分( 成分作用) 关系词作用: 分类: 关系代词 关系副词 that, which, who, whom, whose where, when, why 34 两个或两个以上 定语从句 定语从句分类: 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 删掉后,句意不明确,先行词必须是名/代词 前有逗号,删掉后不影响主句句意;先行词可以是名词/代词类短语/句子 关系词用法: 35 两个或两个以上 解题方法 关系代词? 关系副词?如何选择? 1.判断主句和从句 2.看从句是否完整(不缺主谓宾) 3.检查是否为特殊情况 用关系代词,找出先行词,看指人还是指物,且将先行词代入从句看它做什么成分。 关系词只用that的情况 关系词只用which的情况 序双代特高 (序数词)(有人有物)(不定代词)(特指的词)(最高级) 非限制性定从(前有逗号) 介词后 若句子完整 关系副词where when why 关系代词whose(所属关系) 若句子不完整 36 1. The earth is the only planet provides us with everything we need, fresh air, clean water and so on. A. who B. what C. that D. whom 2. —Do you know the boy handwriting won the first in the competition? —Oh, he is Wang Wei, our monitor. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 3. —I admire Wang Yaping a lot. —Me too. I think she has set a good example for women _ dream of going into space. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 定语从句考点专练 37 将所给句子合并为含有定语从句的复合句。 1. Bajie is a pig. Bajie's hobbies are eating and sleeping. 2. He showed me the photos. He took the photos at his graduation ceremony. 3. The boy held a ball. My neighbor Phil held a ball. Bajie is a pig whose hobbies are eating and sleeping. He showed me the photos that/which he took at his graduation ceremony. The boy who held a ball is my neighbor Phil. 版权声明 感谢您下载平台上提供的PPT作品,为了您和熊猫办公以及原创作者的利益,请勿复制、传播、销售,否则将承担法律责任!熊猫办公将对作品进行维权,按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿! 1.在熊猫办公出售的PPT模板是免版税类(RF:Royalty-Free)正版受《中国人民共和国著作法》和《世界版权公约》的保护,作品的所有权、版权和著作权归熊猫办公所有,您下载的是PPT模板素材的使用权。 2.不得将熊猫办公的PPT模板、PPT素材,本身用于再出售,或者出租、出借、转让、分销、发布或者作为礼物供他人使用,不得转授权、出卖、转让本协议或者本协议中的权利。 38 1. (2023 湖南湘西 统考一模)Susan will take her daughter to the amusement park _ she gets the tickets. A. if B. until C. although 2.(2023 甘肃天水)Let's wait _ the rain stops. A.so B. while C. since D. until 3. (2023 江西)Mary cut her knee badly, _ she didn't cry. A. but B.as C.so D. since 中考链接 单项选择 39 4. (2023 四川遂宁)The city Zibo is _ popular _ many people want to go there for a trip this year. A.so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. very; that 5.(2023湖南株洲) Today's China is a country _ keeps to its national character. A. what B. who C. that D. why 6. (2023 新疆) Lots of Chinese young people _ were born after 1995 use door-to-door cooking to save time. A.that B. those C. which 中考链接 单项选择 40 7.(2023甘肃白银)—Do you know _ —Yes, there's one here. It's in the store. A. whom he is talking with B. when I can get to the hotel C. how to use the machine D. if there's a restroom around here 8.(2022安徽) You won't fully experience the culture of a foreign country _ you go there in person. A. because B. unless C. as soon as D. as long as 中考链接 单项选择 41 1. (2023 重庆B卷)我太累了以至于不能继续走下去。 2. (2023 广东广州)我最喜爱的科目是美术。我也在思考我怎样能借助数学把画画得更好。 3. (2022 湖南长沙)他们希望这会给他们带来好运. 4. (2021 湖南长沙) They begin to prepare yangge even a month before the Chinese New Year. I was so tired that I couldn't walk on. My favorite subject is art. I am also thinking about how I can draw better with the help of maths. They hope (that) it will bring them good luck. 甚至在中国新年前一个月,他们就开始准备秧歌了。 翻译句子 42 Many teenagers don't get along well with their parents and they don't know what to do. 1. _ (If/Unless) you face such a problem, what I'm saying now might be helpful to you. Have you ever thought of talking to your parents to find out 2. _ (when/why) you don't get along well with each other? When I was a teenager, I didn't get on well with my parents, either. We sometimes argued with each other. I had 3. _ (so/such) an awful experience that I often felt sorry. Now I'm a mother of four girls. Of course we have different opinions, 4. _ (and/but) I encourage them to communicate with me openly and honestly. In this way, I make sure 5. _ (if/that) they trust me and come to me for anything. As a result, we get along very well. 语篇填空 If why such but that 43 Arguing with your parents will make them angry and you won't feel good. Remember that the most important thing is to solve problems. Try your best to be calm. 6. _ (Before/When) you cannot control your feelings, you can go to a doctor or your teacher 7. _ (which/who) could give you advice on your problem. Remember that your parents love you. Sometimes they do something that you find hard to understand. For example, 8._ (though/since) you may want to be a singer in the future, your parents want you to do something else. If so, try to think in their shoes. Life is too short and family is important! Trying your best to get along well with your parents is important. 语篇填空 When who though 44 专题十四 并列复合句 和主从复合句 1.制作并列复合句和主从复合句考点思维导图 2. 完成对应练习 45 $$