专题03 阅读理解之说明文一 (福建专用)-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

专题03 阅读理解之说明文一 （一） 【2023-2024学年福建省福建师范大学附属中学高二下学期7月期末】The concentric circles (同心圆状斑点), also known as eyespots on butterfly, not only look like real eyes but may also appear to glare directly at predators (捕食者) from many directions, scientists have found. This visual illusion, called the “Mona Lisa effect”, could scare would-be attackers and buy the insects enough time to escape. Scientists suspect that eyespots, with dark “pupils (瞳孔)” in the center look like real eyes to predators. Hannah Rowland, an ecologist at the Max Planck Institute wanted to see if the direction of this fake gaze contributed to the effect. First, Rowland and her co-author trained chicks to attack a worm hidden behind a paper printout of two eyespots at the end of a path. When the eyespots’ pupils were specifically pointed in the chicks’ direction, the birds repeatedly ran toward the paper and then backed away, and they waited a few minutes before attacking. But when the pupils instead appeared to look away from the direction of the chicks’ approach, the birds attacked in seconds. Centrally located pupils, though not as effective as ones that stared directly at the chicks, resulted in longer delays than pupils that looked the other way. “This suggests that they really are paying attention to the direction of the pupils in the eyespots and are perceiving them as eyelike stimulation. The concentric eyespots found most often in the insect world may seem to the chicks like a pair of eyes that follow them regardless of approach angle,” says Rowland. National University of Singapore evolutionary biologist Antonia Monteiro, who was not involved in the research, says the study is a “cool” demonstration of an evolutionary theory for eyespots. “These butterflies can be encountered from all angles, so having the pupil centrally located ends up being pretty good,” Monteiro says. Still, she says, the eyespots used in the study were several millimeters larger than even the largest commonly found in nature, raising the possibility that the chicks may have been extra frightened by the size of the paper eyes. 1．What is the function of eyespots on the butterfly? A．Making them look more beautiful. B．Spotting potential dangers. C．Helping them identify the direction. D．Protecting them from being attacked. 2．How did the chicks react when shown the specifically-pointed eyespots? A．They attacked immediately. B．They turned away in seconds. C．They reacted cautiously. D．They became very excited. 3．What does Monteiro mean in the last paragraph? A．The eyespot is a butterfly’s powerful weapon. B．The experiment needs further proof. C．The study first proposes an evolutionary theory of eyespots. D．Butterflies in nature have small eyespots. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To appeal to readers to preserve butterflies. B．To uncover the hidden biological secret of butterflies. C．To analyze the social behaviour of butterflies. D．To demonstrate the evolutionary theory for eyespots. （二） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州第一中学高二下学期期末】All the Beauty in the World, Patrick Bringley’s memoir (回忆录) about his 10 years working as a guard at New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art (Met), brings new meaning to the term “art appreciation”. Bringley is not the only Met staffer to write about the institution. But Bringley’s “guard’s-eye view” is unique, and he presents his personal story with sincerity. After his brother Tom’s death in 2008, Bringley gave up his job as a journalist for a job in which “I was happy to be going nowhere”. He explains, “I had lost someone. I did not wish to move on from that. In a sense, I didn’t wish to move at all.” All the Beauty in the World offers well-chosen cases about the museum to support Bringley’s personal tale. The Met opened in 1880 and has since expanded to more than 2.5 million square feet—“the size of about 3,000 average New York apartments”. The “salmon run (鲑鱼回游) of visitors” that goes up the Grand Staircase every morning when the museum opens adds up to a crowd of nearly 7 million visitors a year. As interesting as these facts are, it’s Bringley’s reflections on dozens of individual paintings, photographs, sculptures and ancient artifacts that turn this book into a tribute (致敬) to the power of art. I think that “sometimes we need permission to stop and adore things, and a work of art gives us that”. In a Vermeer portrait of a dozing maidservant, he is moved to see that the artist captured “that feeling we sometimes have that a private setting possesses a holiness of its own. It was my constant feeling in Tom’s hospital room.” As rich in moving insights as the Met is in treasures, All the Beauty in the World reminds us of the importance of learning not “about art, but from it” and attaining peace into art. This is art appreciation at a deep level. 4．What sets All the Beauty in the World apart from other books written by Met staffers? A．His writing perspective. B．His analysis of visitors. C．His focus on MET’s history. D．His introduction to artworks. 5．What caused Bringley to change his job according to his words? A．His hobby from childhood. B．His failure as a journalist. C．Loss of his beloved brother. D．His ambition of being great. 6．What is Para. 4 mainly about regarding the book? A．An account of Met’s development. B．An introduction of recognized artists. C．Bringley’s interpretations of individual artworks. D．Bringley’s review of the impact of technology on art. 7．What can be the best title of this passage? A．Learn from Art, Find Peace B．Appreciate Life, Know Art C．Little-known Facts about the Met D．Inner Worlds of the Famous Artists （三） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州九县市高二下学期期末】Our future selves used to be a riddle. Now, thanks to social media filters (滤镜), we can stare them right in the face. People fell in love with TikTok this month to share themselves “aging” in real time using a filter “Time Travel”. Set to a sad song, the effect shows the user’s face slowly getting older, complete with wrinkles and sunspots. Camera filters that age you have been around for years. But advancements in AI are making the results more real. Doctor Aleksandra Brown said the TikTok “Time Travel” filter does well in guessing how a given face would age. As we get older, our facial skin thins, fat dissolves (溶解) and gravity pulls everything downward. Not everyone is pleased about this. One of Brown’s friends didn’t like watching time fly past. She couldn’t stand watching herself age 50 years in 15 seconds — could life really go by that fast? Brown cried herself after using the aging effect on her own young daughter. She won’t live to see her daughter get that old, she pointed out. For other people, the “Time Travel” filter brought up unexpected positive feelings. Actor Jonathan Bennett shared a video saying his own filtered face recalled happy memories of his late father. Nicole Loehle, a 24-year-old in New Jersey, tested the effect with her boyfriend. It gave her a new viewpoint, she said, she could imagine the relationship lasting into their old age. There’s no correct way to age. But it’s important to remember that no one can stop time or undo its effects. “I keep trying to view aging as a gift,” Brown said. “Some people don’t get to age, unluckily.” 8．What can people do with the “Time Travel” filter? A．Recover from a sad mood. B．Remove their wrinkles and sunspots. C．Recall their happy childhood. D．Foresee their aging appearance. 9．What are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly about? A．Reminder of the flight of time. B．Instructions on using the aging filter. C．Working principle of the aging filter. D．Reactions to the aging effect of the filter. 10．What is Brown’s attitude towards aging? A．Negative. B．Optimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Prejudiced. 11．What can be the best title for the text? A．“Time Travel”: Slowly or Quickly B．“Time Travel”: To Develop or to Drop C．“Time Travel”: To Enjoy or to Suffer D．“Time Travel”: Backward or Forward （四） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州市六校高二下学期期末】According to a new Agriculture Department report, U. S. forests could exacerbate global warming because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older. The report predicts that the ability of forests to absorb carbon will start declining after 2025 and that forests could release up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions (排放) from decaying (腐烂的) trees go beyond their carbon absorption. Forests could become a “substantial carbon source” by 2070, the USDA report says. The loss of carbon absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes, which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise. The disasters destroy forestland, destroying their ecosystem and decreasing their ability to absorb carbon, according to Lynn Riley, a senior manager of climate science at the American Forest Foundation. Aging forests also contribute. The report found that older, mature trees absorb less carbon than younger trees of the same species, and U. S. forests are rapidly aging. This trend is likely to continue, as forests come under increasing threat from climate change and exploitation (开采). The typical tropical (热带的) forest may become a carbon source by the 2060s, according to Simon Lewis, professor in the school of geography at Leeds University. “Humans have been lucky so far, as tropical forests are cleaning up lots of our pollution, but they can’t keep doing that indefinitely,” he said. “We need to cut down fossil fuel emissions before the global carbon cycle starts working against us.” U. S. forests currently absorb 11 percent of U. S. carbon emissions, or 150 million metric tons of carbon a year, equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants, according to the report. The loss of forests as natural carbon absorbers will require the U. S. to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero. “As we work to decarbonize (碳减排), forests are one of the greatest tools at our handling. If we were to lose that, it means we will contribute that much more in emissions.” Riley said. 8．What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Relieve. B．Worsen. C．Address. D．Measure. 9．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The key role of forests in the ecosystem. B．The consequences of frequent natural disasters. C．The impact of rising global temperatures on forests. D．The reasons for forests’ declining ability to absorb carbon. 10．What does Simon Lew is suggest? A．Reducing fossil fuel emissions. B．Dealing with decaying trees in time. C．Planting younger trees on a large scale. D．Limiting the exploitation of forest resources. 11．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．To stress the significance of forests. B．To offer suggestions on forest management. C．To present the efforts the U. S. has made to reach net zero. D．To show the increasing carbon emissions from coal power plants. （五） 【2023-2024学年福建省泉州晋江市五校高二下学期期末】It’s no secret that sleep is important to your overall health, but a lack of sleep could have great effects on your heart, a new study shows. The researchers said people with insomnia(失眠症)are more likely to have a heart attack. Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder in the US, the researchers wrote in their report, noting that 10% to 15% of people in the US struggle with it. The meta-analysis of previously published research suggests that the potential association between insomnia and heart attack risk is strongest in women. Dr. Martha Gulati, director of prevention at the Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, said that most of her patients are women and that insomnia is a noted risk factor for women who have had any form of ischemic heart disease. “We see it probably in 1 in 10 patients in the United States,” said Gulati, who was not involved in the new research. “It is my impression that almost everyone experiences insomnia at some point in their life. The estimate is that 1 in 2 adults experience it at some point in their life, maybe in the short term because of stressful moments.” For their analysis, the researchers defined insomnia as a sleep disorder with three main symptoms(症状): Difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep and waking early and being unable to fall back asleep. The study also found an association between increased heart attack risk and how long a participant slept each night. Those who slept five hours or less had the highest association with heart attack risk and were 1.56 times more likely to have a heart attack than people who slept seven or eight hours. Longer sleep duration wasn’t always more protective. The study found that people who slept six hours a night had a lower risk of a heart attack than those who slept nine hours or more. “A lot of studies have pointed somewhere between seven and eight hours of sleep being the magic number for us,” another researcher said. “There is obviously variability for everyone, but too much sleep is rarely the issue.” 8．What’s the function of the first paragraph? A．To list a fact. B．To warn the readers. C．To introduce the topic. D．To draw the readers’ interest. 9．What can we infer from Gulati words? A．Insomnia is unavoidable in the short term. B．Insomnia is a common phenomenon in life. C．Heart attack often happens during insomnia. D．Women are less experienced in dealing with insomnia. 10．What inspiration can we get according to the sleeping time? A．Put quality before quantity. B．Too much is as bad as too little. C．Bite off more than one can chew. D．Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 11．What’s the author’s attitude to the relationship between insomnia and heart attack? A．Pessimistic. B．Indifferent. C．Objective. D．Positive. （六） 【2023-2024学年福建省泉州晋江市高二下学期7月期末】Facial recognition cameras are everywhere, including in your smart phone. Many people use this technology to unlock their phones, open doors or pay quickly, but there is a problem-someone is wearing masks. What a hassle! Now, the companies have improved their technology. Facial recognition technology can now know people even if they are wearing a mask. Beijing-based tech company Hanwang has announced a software which can correctly recognize 95 percent of people wearing masks, Engineering & Technology (E&T) reported. What’s the secret? It’s all about your eyes. Marios Savvides, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University, US, studies facial recognition technology. As we get older, he said, our faces change shape, but not the area around our eyes. It stays the same-even if we put on weight. Facial recognition software is about more than just unlocking your phone. It’s about public safety. For example, you don’t need to take an ID card, which can be lost or stolen. It also means that virus isn’t spread by touching things, said NEC’s Shinya Takeshima. “Touchless check has become very important to some infectious diseases,” he said to Reuters. “We hope to do something for safety and peace of mind.” More than that, facial recognition can be used to fight crime. “It can tell criminals and terrorists,” said Huang Lei, one of Hanwang’s leaders. Hanwang’s technology is used by police in high-security settings. This means places like government buildings, subway stations and airports. Similar technology is used by the United States Air Force and other governments. Huang talks about one big weakness of this technology. “It fails when people wear both a mask and sunglasses. In this situation, all of the key facial information is lost,” Huang said to E&T. 8．What is the closest meaning of the underlined word “hassle” in paragraph 1? A．Trouble. B．Mistake. C．Rule. D．Habit. 9．The facial recognition software that can identify people with masks mainly depends on ______. A．the forehead B．the eye region C．the shape of faces D．the facial expressions 10．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The future of facial recognition technology. B．Different types of facial recognition software. C．The advantages of facial recognition technology. D．The problems with current facial recognition technology. 11．What is the attitude of Mr Huang toward facial technology? A．Objective. B．Favorable. C．Worried. D．Negative. （七） 【2023-2024学年福建省泉州市泉港一中.泉州一中.石外分校联考高二下学期7月期末】 Aspirin has long been believed to help prevent heart attacks and strokes(中风).Some studies have shown that it also has a protective effect against certain types of cancer. As a result, some people religiously pop a low-dose(低剂量的) aspirin after breakfast every day (never take one on an empty stomach). But now its status as a wonder drug has come into question, following a meta-analysis of trial evidence. A meta-analysis reviews the results of a large number of trials and can therefore come to more certain conclusions. This latest review was published this May in The Journal of the American Medical Association.It focused on the connection between aspirin use and cardiovascular(心血管的) and bleeding events. It found that the well-known risk that aspirin can cause internal bleeding is as great as the benefits of preventing heart attacks and strokes. In some cases, the risk even outweighs the benefits. Aspirin thins the blood, thus helping to prevent blood clots (血栓). For his reason, it is a good drug for protecting people who have already had a heart attack or stroke from having another. However, the 164,225 people in these trials had no history of cardiovascular disease. They were monitored for an average of six years, during which time they took a daily aspirin or placebo(安慰剂).Among those who took aspirin, there were about 11% fewer heart attacks and strokes but 43% higher likelihood of a major bleeding episode in the stomach, brain or intestine(肠道). Dr Sean Zheng, a cardiology(心脏病学) researcher at King’s College London, said that taking a daily aspirin couldn’t be recommended for healthy people. But there might still be a case for people with a higher risk of a heart attack or stroke, he added. However, it would be important to consider the bleeding risk. “Aspirin use requires discussion between the patient and their physician, with the knowledge that any small potential cardiovascular benefits are weighed up against the real risk of severe bleeding." he said. The findings reflect the average likelihood of bleeds or heart attacks among the patients in all the trials. There will be people among them who would be better off taking aspirin and those who will be worse. It's yet another situation where we need to weigh up our individual risk and benefit--- maybe with the help of an understanding GP. 24．Which of the following is NOT a reason why some people take an aspirin every day? A．They want to lower their risk of having a heart attack B．They hope to protect themselves against some cancers C．They want to ensure they don't have a sick stomach D．They aim to make sure they won't suffer another stroke 25．What can be concluded from the recent meta-analysis? A．That aspirin does more harm than good to the human body B．That aspirin frequently causes internal bleeding because it thins the blood C．That previous research into the effects of aspirin on the human body was unreliable. D．That taking aspirin is not worth the risk or those with no history of heart tacks or strokes. 26．What should people do before taking aspirin, according to the article? A．To have a thorough physical examination B．To ask for others' opinions on the internet. C．To read the findings of new studies on aspirin D．To talk with a doctor familiar with their condition 27．The article was probably written by ________ A．the director of a hospital B．a public health journalist C．the CEO of a medical company D．a representative for an insurance company （八） 【2023-2024学年福建省泉州市泉港一中.泉州一中.石外分校联考高二下学期7月期末】 High school students perform better on tests if they are in a classroom with a view of a green space, instead of a windowless room or a room with a view of built-up space, according to research from the University of Illinois Department of Landscape Architecture. “It is the first to show a relationship between studying with a green view and students’ performance.” said William Sullivan, head of the research team. “It’s a substantial finding that if you have a green view outside your window, you’ll do better on tests.” Sullivan hopes the results of their research will lead to some changes. “Changes in school design, for example, would be a much better thing than any of the things we spend money on in secondary education today,” Sullivan said. The research included 94 students at five central Illinois high schools. Students were randomly assigned to one of three kinds of classrooms — windowless, with a window looking out onto built-up space, or with a window looking out onto green space. Each kind of classroom had almost the same size and layout (布局). The students took part in one-on-one experiments in which they did 30 minutes of activities that included a proofreading (勘校) exercise, a speech and a math exercise. Following the activities the students were given an attention test which asked them to repeat a series of numbers. The findings: Students did better on both study activities and the attention test if they were in a classroom with a green view, Sullivan said. The researchers suggest their findings can help planners and policymakers improve students’ health and learning. For example, planners can choose places for new schools that already have trees, or they can plant many trees on the site; architects can design classroom windows so they look onto green spaces. 32．What did the study find out about high school students? A．They like to have green plants in their classrooms. B．They will get better grades when studying in different classrooms. C．Changes in school design will influence their attitudes towards teachers. D．A green view through a classroom window can improve their performance. 33．What does the underlined word “substantial” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Early. B．Important. C．Useless. D．Possible. 34．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How the study was carried out. B．The result of the study. C．Why the study was different. D．The purpose of the study. 35．What do the researchers think of the study? A．It has drawn public attention to education. B．It can play a guiding role in school planning. C．It has encouraged students to get close to nature. D．It needs more support from high school teachers. （九） 【2023-2024学年福建省泉州市四校高二下学期7月期末】Some girls tend to feel frustrated if they have a pear-shaped body, with hips that are wider than the bust (胸部) and shoulders. While pear-shaped people’s waists are typically smaller, they may have more fat on their hips and legs. As a result, many pear-shaped girls try to hide their hips and legs under large dresses and pants. However, a recent study suggested that pear-shaped people are the ones who won the genetic lottery! A study published in September by the US National Library of Medicine found that the waist-to-hip ratio(WHR) shows the strongest and most consistent association with mortality. Traditionally, the body mass index (BMI) has been considered the best indicator of health. However, this study challenges this belief. It surveyed nearly 40,000 people and found that, regardless of BMI, WHR is positively correlated with all-cause mortality(all of the deaths that occur in a population no matter the cause). The larger the WHR, the higher the all-cause mortality rate will be. Instead of focusing on how much fat a person has, scientists involved in this study suggest people should focus more on how fat is distributed in a person’s body. WHR, as its name suggests, compares your waist measurement to your hip measurement. A larger waistline means more central fat, which could indicate more visceral fat (内脏脂肪), also known as toxic fat. Harvard Medical School states that more visceral fat increases the risk of illnesses including diabetes, heart diseases and asthma. That’s why people with a pear-shaped body tend to be healthier than others. According to the World Health Organization(WHO), a healthy WHR is less than 0.85 for women and less than 0.9 for men. It is impossible to specifically target waist fat when people try to lose weight. But losing overall fat will make the waist smaller. Researchers from Johns Hopkins University suggested we eat less carbohydrates and more food higher in fiber and protein. Moreover, doing strength training helps build more muscle, which makes you burn more calories even when you’re resting. 32．Why do pear-shaped girls prefer baggy trousers? A．To show off their long legs. B．To hide their broad shoulders. C．To showcase their slim waists. D．To cover their wide hips and thick legs. 33．What does the recent study find that goes against the conventional belief? A．Pear-shaped people are much healthier. B．WHR consistently correlates with death rate. C．Pear-shaped people are lucky to win lotteries. D．A smaller BMI indicates healthier physical condition. 34．What does the author primarily intend to do in Paragraph 4? A．To announce the standard WHR set by World Health Organization. B．To explain why pear-shaped body are likely to be healthier than others. C．To introduce what WHR refers to and how to measure our waistlines. D．To reveal the huge risks of various illnesses visceral fat can bring about. 35．What’s the text mainly about? A．A practical tip for losing waist fat. B．A healthy WHR recommended by WHO. C．A surprise bonus won by pear-shaped bodies. D．A typical bodyshape bringing good to health. （十） 【2023-2024学年福建省泉州市丰泽区安溪一中，惠安一中，养正中学，泉州实验中高二下学期7月期末】People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between supporters of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture”. Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts (本能). Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B．E. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, human beings remain unchanged unless stimulated by the environmental factors. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. 12．What will the supporters of the “nurture” theory agree with? A．Peter loves talking to strangers because he is friendly. B．Peter loves maths because his father is a maths professor. C．Peter loves detective stories because he enjoys suspense and thrill. D．Peter loves tea because his mother gave it to him since childhood. 13．The underlined word “mechanistic” in paragraph 4 means ________. A．flexible B．rigid C．common D．new 14．Why did the author cite the blacks in the US as an example? A．He wanted to show how the theories have deeply affected the society. B．He tried to prove that both theories need further discussion and research. C．He intended to demonstrate why the blacks need more education and support. D．He attempted to introduce the result of intelligence tests from blacks and whites. 15．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce some theories. B．To stress genetic factors. C．To solve a racial problem. D．To give further suggestions. （十一） 【2023-2024学年福建省宁德市市高二下学期7月期末】According to a paper published in Science, one in ten residents of China’s coastal cities could be living below sea level within a century, as a result of land subsidence and climate change. Subsidence island sinking to a lower level than normal, usually owing to extraction (抽取) of subsurface water, rock or other resources The authors, led by Tao Shengli, a researcher in remote-sensing technology at Peking University in Beijing, assessed 82 cities across China. They used radar pulses (雷达脉冲) from satellites to measure the changes in the distance between the satellite and the ground to examine how its heights changed between 2015 and 2022. They found that some 16% of the mapped area of China’s major cities is sinking “rapidly”—faster than 10 millimetres every year. An even greater area, roughly 45%, is sinking at a “moderate” rate, greater than 3 millimetres annually. They links a range of natural and human factors to sinking, such as the depth of a city’s bedrock, groundwater extraction, the weight of buildings, and the use of transport systems. Previous studies have found that over-extraction of groundwater is a primary cause of severe land subsidence in cities across the world. The authors also listed the weight of buildings as a factor. Contrary to expectations, heavier buildings, such as the skyscrapers, tend to sinks lower than lighter structures do, possibly because those buildings are fixed on deeper rock. As cities sink, global sea levels are rising, owing to the effects of climate change. The double whammy will cause 22-26% of China’s coastal lands to drop below sea level by 2120, the paper says. Subsidence is certainly not only a problem in China. By 2040, almost one-fifth of the world’s population is projected to be living on sinking land. Given the urgency of this threat, scientists around the world are exploring various approaches to tackle the issues. 28．How did the researchers measure the land subsidence? A．By using satellites to monitor climate changes. B．By analyzing satellite data on city populations. C．By tracking varied satellite-to-ground distances over a session. D．By observing changes with remote-sensing equipment on the ground. 29．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Transport systems greatly contribute to land subsidence. B．Management of groundwater is key to slowing down city sinking. C．The depth of city bedrock is a primary factor in urban land subsidence. D．Heavier buildings make the ground sink faster than lighter buildings do. 30．What does “double whammy” underlined in paragraph 5 refer to? A．Heavier buildings and climate change. B．Climate change and sea level rising. C．Heavier buildings and land subsidence. D．Sealevel rising and land subsidence. 31．What maybe talked about in the following paragraph? A．Possible solutions. B．Population growth. C．Various threats. D．Energy conservation. （十二） 【2023-2024学年福建省莆田市高二下学期7月期末】 If you were bringing friends home to visit, you could show them the way. You know the landmarks. But what if you were swimming in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean? Could you still find your way home? A loggerhead turtle (红海龟) could. According to Dr Lohmann, loggerheads possess a magnetic (磁力的) sense based on Earth’s magnetic field. It helps them locate the best spots for finding food and their home beaches. Scientists already know that several other animals, like whales, can detect magnetic fields, but they only learn from their parents the way to go home. Loggerheads are abandoned as eggs and must consequently learn to use their magnetic sense to find their way home. Scientists still wonder what helps them master their magnetic sense? Dr Lohmann thinks one of the cues is light on the sea. Baby loggerheads hatch only at night. However, a small amount of light reflects off the ocean. Heading toward the light helps them get quickly out to set, where they can find food. Dr Lohmann tested whether newborn loggerheads use this light source to set their magnetic “compasses”. His team put some newborns in a water tank and recorded which way they swam. Around the tank, the scientists created a magnetic field matching the Earth’s. Meanwhile, they set a weak light to the east of the magnetic field. Then they let the newborns go. At first, they swam toward the light. After the scientists turned off the light, the turtles that had seen the light in the east always swam toward cast. When the researchers reversed (颠倒) the magnetic field, these turtles turned around and swam toward the new “cast”. This experiment and the follow-ups all showed that loggerheads use light from the outside world to set their magnetic “compasses” and then remember the “correct” direction. If a turtle hatches on a brightly-lit beach, that would damage its magnetic sense forever and make their survival hard. Dr Lohmann’s work has led people to protect turtles’ habitat. Yet many questions remain unanswered. Researchers still have extensive studies to carry out. 8．Loggerheads and whales differ in the way they ________. A．locate light sources B．learn to find directions C．detect magnetic fields D．recognize familiar landmarks 9．What is needed for newborn loggerheads to set their magnetic sense? A．Food in warmer waters. B．Bright sunlight from the sky. C．Help from adult loggerheads. D．Weak light reflected off the ocean. 10．What is the significance of Dr Lohmann’s research work? A．It provides more insight into the magnetic field. B．It improves accuracy in keeping track of turtles. C．It offers a new solution to environmental pollution. D．It helps protect the loggerheads’ living environment. 11．What could be the best title of the passage? A．Experiments on Loggerheads B．The Survival of the Sea Turtle C．The Loggerhead’s Built-in “Compass” D．Comparison of Loggerheads and Other Animals （十三） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州市联盟校高二下学期期末】 Have you ever been somewhere truly free from the sounds of humankind? We become immune to the sounds of distant traffic and especially the subtle (不易觉察的) hum of planes high above in the sky, but there are few places that don’t have some form of noise pollution. Noise pollution is noise that has surpassed surrounding noise levels and has a harmful impact on humans and animals. This type of pollution is generated by humans and is a form of environmental degradation (恶化). It can serve as a source of stress on fauna (动物群), which can have negative effects on animal welfare, and can even cause behavioral changes in birds, according to a study on the impacts of noise pollution on birds. Noise pollution can be problematic when frequencies that are produced disrupt information transmission in animals, specifically animals that use similar frequencies to communicate. These disturbances can also lead to higher anti-predator behaviors in situations that don’t require it, as well as change species vocalization (发声), increase stress and stress related diseases, and have the potential to decrease populations. Trees can be used against noise pollution, according to an investigation on the effects of leaves, branches, and canopies (树冠) on noise pollution. By decreasing the area in which noise is made and increasing tree presence with tree belts of at least 12 meters, trees could serve as a noise barrier in urban areas. Another study found that tree belts with a width of 30 meters could be planted on the roadside and have more than 6dB reduction of noise than a grassland would. The conclusion was that more trees, branches, and leaves could reduce noise pollution. Regulations have also been placed in the US statewide and by local governments to reduce noise pollution. New York, for example, has a regulation that looks at occupational noise exposure; this ranges from monitoring noise to providing personal protective equipment. Many states and local governments in the US have their own regulations regarding noise pollution: however, many focus on the human impacts that noise pollution has and not the environmental impacts. 28．What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 1? A．Noise pollution widely exists. B．Humans aren’t impacted by noise. C．It is hard for humans to hear plane noises. D．Lots of places are free from noise pollution. 29．What impact does noise pollution have on animals? A．It can relieve them from stress in life. B．It can cause much trouble to their hearing. C．It can cause them to behave abnormally. D．It can prevent them from making any sound. 30．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us about? A．Trees can be used to reduce noise pollution. B．A study carried out by scientists on noise pollution. C．The function of leaves, tree branches and canopies. D．The differences between tree belts and grassland. 31．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The US has spared great efforts to deal with pollution. B．Different states share the same regulations on in the US. C．All government levels take pollution seriously in the US. D．Noise pollution has drawn great attention in the States. （十四） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州第一中学高二下学期期末】One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as ‘the last paradise on earth’. However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. Overcrowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal. Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most in a rush to make quick money. In recent years, Nepal’s forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise, with the consequent destruction of precious trees and plants. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multinational organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn’t happier in his village working his own land. Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people. The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Increased understanding in planning worldwide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not, in a few years’ time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed. 8．What does the underlined sentence of Para. 1 imply about tourism expansion? A．Its technical challenge. B．Its positive social effects. C．Its potential drawbacks. D．Its undervalued profitability. 9．Why does the author mention “Nepal” in Para. 2? A．To support an argument. B．To make comparison. C．To show cause and effect. D．To group related ideas. 10．What is the main impact of tourism on farmers based on the text? A．Increased opportunities. B．Improved work-life balance. C．Transformed livelihood. D．Enhanced social status. 11．What may determine the future of tourism? A．Cultural diversity. B．Off-track destinations. C．Stable market. D．Strengthened management. （十五） 【2023-2024学年福建省福建师范大学附属中学高二下学期7月期末】As most Americans spend at least 50% of their food budget dining out, public criticism falls on restaurants to help consumers make healthier food choices. The Menu Labeling Final Rule has come into effect, requiring restaurants with more than 20 locations to show the calories of food on menus. By representing these values in a discrepant way — using physically larger numbers on the page for lower-calorie options, and smaller numbers for high-calorie foods — businesses can shift customers’ preferences toward healthier food, according to Ruiying Cai from the Washington State University. In their study, Cai and her colleagues asked participants to choose between a less healthy item and a healthier option after randomly assigning them to two groups. In the first group, calorie counts and font sizes rose and fell together. In the second group, the size became larger as the calorie count fell. Researchers also asked participants questions to assess their health-consciousness. Results showed participants in the second group, who saw low calorie counts printed in large sizes, were more likely to adopt the healthier option. Moreover, less health- conscious participants were the most affected, while people with more health awareness were less influenced since they already favored healthier food. This research adjusted customer behaviors by creating a Stroop effect. Named after psychologist J. Ridley Stroop, the Stroop effect refers to a delay in reaction to mismatch in its classic form. For example, if the word “purple” is written in green, it takes respondents longer time to identify the color than if the word and the color match. Similarly, the effect is observed when the physical size of the number does not match its number in this study. “Restaurants are interested in encouraging customers to make healthier choices,” Cai said. However, simply labeling the food as healthy may not have the intended effect. “Healthy food items could be profitable for restaurants, but whenever a ‘healthy’ label is attached, people may assume it does not taste good,” she explained. “We’re trying to provide restaurants with indirect suggestions, rather than saying it out loud.” 9．What does the underlined word “discrepant” in paragraph 2mean? A．Creative. B．Relative C．Conflicting D．Misleading 10．Which of the following type of customers would be affected most from the research? A．Strict diet followers. B．Convenience food fans. C．Homema de meal lovers. D．Health magazine readers. 11．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The significance of research results. B．The measurement of response delays. C．The psychological basis of the study design. D．The influential variations of the Stroop effect. 12．Which of the following might be Cai’s suggestion for restaurants? A．Use font magic to drive healthier choices. B．Pay more attention to the taste of the food. C．Create a quiet dining atmosphere for customers. D．Attach “healthy” labels to the food on the menu. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解之说明文一 （一） 【2023-2024学年福建省福建师范大学附属中学高二下学期7月期末】The concentric circles (同心圆状斑点), also known as eyespots on butterfly, not only look like real eyes but may also appear to glare directly at predators (捕食者) from many directions, scientists have found. This visual illusion, called the “Mona Lisa effect”, could scare would-be attackers and buy the insects enough time to escape. Scientists suspect that eyespots, with dark “pupils (瞳孔)” in the center look like real eyes to predators. Hannah Rowland, an ecologist at the Max Planck Institute wanted to see if the direction of this fake gaze contributed to the effect. First, Rowland and her co-author trained chicks to attack a worm hidden behind a paper printout of two eyespots at the end of a path. When the eyespots’ pupils were specifically pointed in the chicks’ direction, the birds repeatedly ran toward the paper and then backed away, and they waited a few minutes before attacking. But when the pupils instead appeared to look away from the direction of the chicks’ approach, the birds attacked in seconds. Centrally located pupils, though not as effective as ones that stared directly at the chicks, resulted in longer delays than pupils that looked the other way. “This suggests that they really are paying attention to the direction of the pupils in the eyespots and are perceiving them as eyelike stimulation. The concentric eyespots found most often in the insect world may seem to the chicks like a pair of eyes that follow them regardless of approach angle,” says Rowland. National University of Singapore evolutionary biologist Antonia Monteiro, who was not involved in the research, says the study is a “cool” demonstration of an evolutionary theory for eyespots. “These butterflies can be encountered from all angles, so having the pupil centrally located ends up being pretty good,” Monteiro says. Still, she says, the eyespots used in the study were several millimeters larger than even the largest commonly found in nature, raising the possibility that the chicks may have been extra frightened by the size of the paper eyes. 1．What is the function of eyespots on the butterfly? A．Making them look more beautiful. B．Spotting potential dangers. C．Helping them identify the direction. D．Protecting them from being attacked. 2．How did the chicks react when shown the specifically-pointed eyespots? A．They attacked immediately. B．They turned away in seconds. C．They reacted cautiously. D．They became very excited. 3．What does Monteiro mean in the last paragraph? A．The eyespot is a butterfly’s powerful weapon. B．The experiment needs further proof. C．The study first proposes an evolutionary theory of eyespots. D．Butterflies in nature have small eyespots. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To appeal to readers to preserve butterflies. B．To uncover the hidden biological secret of butterflies. C．To analyze the social behaviour of butterflies. D．To demonstrate the evolutionary theory for eyespots. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇科普类说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现，蝴蝶身上的同心圆状的类似瞳孔的图案可以起到保护蝴蝶的作用，让捕食者畏惧，并给以蝴蝶足够多的逃生时间。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“This visual illusion, called the “Mona Lisa effect”, could scare would-be attackers and buy the insects enough time to escape.（这种视觉错觉被称为“蒙娜丽莎效应”，可以吓到潜在的攻击者，并为昆虫赢得足够的时间逃跑。）”可知，这种视觉上的假象，可以吓走那些潜在的攻击者，给以蝴蝶足够多的时间逃生。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“When the eyespots’ pupils were specifically pointed in the chicks’ direction, the birds repeatedly ran toward the paper and then backed away, and they waited a few minutes before attacking.（当眼状斑点的瞳孔特别指向小鸟的方向时，这些鸟会反复朝纸跑去，然后后退，等几分钟再攻击。）”可知，当瞳孔直接对着这些小鸟时，他们会重复的跑过去又退回来，在攻击之前会等上几分钟。这是谨慎的表现。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句““These butterflies can be encountered from all angles, so having the pupil centrally located ends up being pretty good,” Monteiro says. Still, she says, the eyespots used in the study were several millimeters larger than even the largest commonly found in nature, raising the possibility that the chicks may have been extra frightened by the size of the paper eyes.（Monteiro说：“这些蝴蝶可以从任何角度看到，所以把瞳孔放在中心位置就很好了。”不过，她说，研究中使用的眼状斑点甚至比自然界中常见的最大斑点还要大几毫米，这增加了一种可能性，即雏鸟可能被纸眼睛的大小吓坏了。）”可知，生物学家Monteiro认为，这个类似瞳孔的图案形状是可以吓到雏鸟的，对蝴蝶来讲，可以起到有力的保护作用的。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段的“ This visual illusion, called the “Mona Lisa effect”, could scare would-be attackers and buy the insects enough time to escape.(这种视觉错觉被称为“蒙娜丽莎效应”，可以吓到潜在的攻击者，并为昆虫赢得足够的时间逃跑。)”，最后一句“National University of Singapore evolutionary biologist Antonia Monteiro, who was not involved in the research, says the study is a “cool” demonstration of an evolutionary theory for eyespots.（新加坡国立大学的进化生物学家Antonia Monteiro没有参与这项研究，但他说这项研究是对眼状斑点进化理论的一个“很酷”的证明。）”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了蝴蝶背上的瞳孔图案的作用，因此推断文章的目的是揭示蝴蝶身上隐藏的生物学秘密。故选B。 （二） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州第一中学高二下学期期末】All the Beauty in the World, Patrick Bringley’s memoir (回忆录) about his 10 years working as a guard at New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art (Met), brings new meaning to the term “art appreciation”. Bringley is not the only Met staffer to write about the institution. But Bringley’s “guard’s-eye view” is unique, and he presents his personal story with sincerity. After his brother Tom’s death in 2008, Bringley gave up his job as a journalist for a job in which “I was happy to be going nowhere”. He explains, “I had lost someone. I did not wish to move on from that. In a sense, I didn’t wish to move at all.” All the Beauty in the World offers well-chosen cases about the museum to support Bringley’s personal tale. The Met opened in 1880 and has since expanded to more than 2.5 million square feet—“the size of about 3,000 average New York apartments”. The “salmon run (鲑鱼回游) of visitors” that goes up the Grand Staircase every morning when the museum opens adds up to a crowd of nearly 7 million visitors a year. As interesting as these facts are, it’s Bringley’s reflections on dozens of individual paintings, photographs, sculptures and ancient artifacts that turn this book into a tribute (致敬) to the power of art. I think that “sometimes we need permission to stop and adore things, and a work of art gives us that”. In a Vermeer portrait of a dozing maidservant, he is moved to see that the artist captured “that feeling we sometimes have that a private setting possesses a holiness of its own. It was my constant feeling in Tom’s hospital room.” As rich in moving insights as the Met is in treasures, All the Beauty in the World reminds us of the importance of learning not “about art, but from it” and attaining peace into art. This is art appreciation at a deep level. 4．What sets All the Beauty in the World apart from other books written by Met staffers? A．His writing perspective. B．His analysis of visitors. C．His focus on MET’s history. D．His introduction to artworks. 5．What caused Bringley to change his job according to his words? A．His hobby from childhood. B．His failure as a journalist. C．Loss of his beloved brother. D．His ambition of being great. 6．What is Para. 4 mainly about regarding the book? A．An account of Met’s development. B．An introduction of recognized artists. C．Bringley’s interpretations of individual artworks. D．Bringley’s review of the impact of technology on art. 7．What can be the best title of this passage? A．Learn from Art, Find Peace B．Appreciate Life, Know Art C．Little-known Facts about the Met D．Inner Worlds of the Famous Artists 【答案】4．A 5．C 6．C 7．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了Patrick Bringley所著的回忆录《这世间一切的美》，这本书记录了他在纽约大都会艺术博物馆当保安时的所见所感，为“艺术欣赏”一词带来了新的意义。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Bringley is not the only Met staffer to write about the institution. But Bringley’s ‘guard’s-eye view’ is unique, and he presents his personal story with sincerity. (Bringley并不是唯一一位写过该机构的大都会艺术博物馆工作人员。但Bringley的‘保安视角’是独一无二的，他真诚地呈现了自己的个人故事。)”可知，作者独一无二的写作视角是让这本书有别于其他大都会艺术博物馆工作人员所写的书的地方。故选A项。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“After his brother Tom’s death in 2008, Bringley gave up his job as a journalist for a job in which ‘I was happy to be going nowhere’. (2008年，他的哥哥Tom去世后，Bringley放弃了记者的工作，转而从事一份‘我很高兴哪儿也去不了’的工作。)”可知，Bringley决定换工作是因为他心爱的哥哥去世了。故选C项。 6． 主旨大意题。根据第四段的“As interesting as these facts are, it’s Bringley’s reflections on dozens of individual paintings, photographs, sculptures and ancient artifacts that turn this book into a tribute (致敬) to the power of art. I think that ‘sometimes we need permission to stop and adore things, and a work of art gives us that’.  (尽管这些事实很有趣，但Bringley对数十幅个人绘画、照片、雕塑和古代文物的反思使这本书成为对艺术力量的致敬。我认为‘有时我们需要得到许可才能停止和崇拜事物，而一件艺术品给了我们这一点’。)”以及下面具体的例子可知，本段主要讲Bringley对个人艺术作品的解读。故选C项。 7．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“All the Beauty in the World, Patrick Bringley’s memoir (回忆录) about his 10 years working as a guard at New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art (Met), brings new meaning to the term ‘art appreciation’. (Patrick Bringley的回忆录《这世间一切的美》讲述了他在纽约大都会艺术博物馆当保安的10年，为‘艺术欣赏’一词带来了新的含义。)”和最后一段“As rich in moving insights as the Met is in treasures, All the Beauty in the World reminds us of the importance of learning not ‘about art, but from it’ and finding peace into art. This is art appreciation at a deep level. (正如大都会艺术博物馆的珍宝一样，《这世间一切的美》充满了感人的见解，提醒我们不要‘学习艺术，而是从中学习’，以及在艺术中找到平静的重要性。这是一种深层次的艺术欣赏。)”可知，本文首尾呼应，讲述了Patrick Bringley根据自己在纽约大都会艺术博物馆当保安的10年经历写了一部回忆录《这世间一切的美》，这本书为“艺术欣赏”一词带来了新的意义，即不要学习艺术，而是要从艺术中学习，寻找艺术中的平静。由此可推测出，A项Learn from Art, Find Peac(在艺术中寻找平静)最适合作本文标题。故选A项。 （三） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州九县市高二下学期期末】Our future selves used to be a riddle. Now, thanks to social media filters (滤镜), we can stare them right in the face. People fell in love with TikTok this month to share themselves “aging” in real time using a filter “Time Travel”. Set to a sad song, the effect shows the user’s face slowly getting older, complete with wrinkles and sunspots. Camera filters that age you have been around for years. But advancements in AI are making the results more real. Doctor Aleksandra Brown said the TikTok “Time Travel” filter does well in guessing how a given face would age. As we get older, our facial skin thins, fat dissolves (溶解) and gravity pulls everything downward. Not everyone is pleased about this. One of Brown’s friends didn’t like watching time fly past. She couldn’t stand watching herself age 50 years in 15 seconds — could life really go by that fast? Brown cried herself after using the aging effect on her own young daughter. She won’t live to see her daughter get that old, she pointed out. For other people, the “Time Travel” filter brought up unexpected positive feelings. Actor Jonathan Bennett shared a video saying his own filtered face recalled happy memories of his late father. Nicole Loehle, a 24-year-old in New Jersey, tested the effect with her boyfriend. It gave her a new viewpoint, she said, she could imagine the relationship lasting into their old age. There’s no correct way to age. But it’s important to remember that no one can stop time or undo its effects. “I keep trying to view aging as a gift,” Brown said. “Some people don’t get to age, unluckily.” 8．What can people do with the “Time Travel” filter? A．Recover from a sad mood. B．Remove their wrinkles and sunspots. C．Recall their happy childhood. D．Foresee their aging appearance. 9．What are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly about? A．Reminder of the flight of time. B．Instructions on using the aging filter. C．Working principle of the aging filter. D．Reactions to the aging effect of the filter. 10．What is Brown’s attitude towards aging? A．Negative. B．Optimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Prejudiced. 11．What can be the best title for the text? A．“Time Travel”: Slowly or Quickly B．“Time Travel”: To Develop or to Drop C．“Time Travel”: To Enjoy or to Suffer D．“Time Travel”: Backward or Forward 【答案】8．D 9．D 10．B 11．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了TikTok上的“时间旅行”滤镜，它使用户能够看到自己变老的样子。这种滤镜利用人工智能技术，使变老的效果更加真实。尽管有些人对看到自己迅速变老感到不安，但也有人从中获得了积极的感受。文章指出衰老是不可避免的，并提醒人们可以将变老视为一种礼物。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“People fell in love with TikTok this month to share themselves “aging” in real time using a filter “Time Travel”. (本月，人们爱上了TikTok，通过“时间旅行”滤镜实时分享自己的“变老”)”可知，人们可以通过“时间旅行”滤镜预见自己衰老的样子。故选D项。 9．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Not everyone is pleased about this. One of Brown’s friends didn’t like watching time fly past. She couldn’t stand watching herself age 50 years in 15 seconds — could life really go by that fast? Brown cried herself after using the aging effect on her own young daughter. She won’t live to see her daughter get that old, she pointed out. (并非所有人都对此感到高兴。Brown的一个朋友不喜欢看着时间飞逝。她无法忍受看着自己在15秒内变老50岁——生活真的过得那么快吗？Brown在自己年幼的女儿身上使用衰老效果后哭了。她指出，她活不到看到女儿那么老)”和第四段“For other people, the “Time Travel” filter brought up unexpected positive feelings. Actor Jonathan Bennett shared a video saying his own filtered face recalled happy memories of his late father. Nicole Loehle, a 24-year-old in New Jersey, tested the effect with her boyfriend. It gave her a new viewpoint, she said, she could imagine the relationship lasting into their old age. (对其他人来说，“时间旅行”滤镜带来了意想不到的积极感受。演员Jonathan Bennett分享了一段视频，称自己经过滤镜的脸唤起了对已故父亲的美好回忆。新泽西州24岁的Nicole Loehle和男友一起测试了这种效果。这给了她一个新的视角，她说，她可以想象这种关系会持续到他们的晚年)”可知，这两段主要介绍了两种不同的对滤镜衰老效果的反应，一群人感到忧虑，另一群人有积极的感受。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““I keep trying to view aging as a gift,” Brown said. “Some people don’t get to age, unluckily.” (Brown说：“我一直试着把变老视为一份礼物。不幸的是，有些人不会步入老年。”)”可知，Brown认为能够变老是一份幸运的礼物。由此可知，她对变老持积极乐观的态度。故选B项。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中“Not everyone is pleased about this. (并非所有人都对此感到高兴)”和第四段中“For other people, the “Time Travel” filter brought up unexpected positive feelings. (对其他人来说，“时间旅行”滤镜带来了意想不到的积极感受)”可知，文章围绕TikTok上的“时间旅行”滤镜展开，介绍了它的基本功能，它使用户能够看到自己变老的样子，而且借助人工智能技术，使变老的效果更加真实，并主要描述了人们对该滤镜效果的反应，尽管有些人对看到自己迅速变老感到不安，但也有人从中获得了积极的感受。因此，C项“‘时间旅行’：享受还是受苦”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 （四） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州市六校高二下学期期末】According to a new Agriculture Department report, U. S. forests could exacerbate global warming because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older. The report predicts that the ability of forests to absorb carbon will start declining after 2025 and that forests could release up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions (排放) from decaying (腐烂的) trees go beyond their carbon absorption. Forests could become a “substantial carbon source” by 2070, the USDA report says. The loss of carbon absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes, which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise. The disasters destroy forestland, destroying their ecosystem and decreasing their ability to absorb carbon, according to Lynn Riley, a senior manager of climate science at the American Forest Foundation. Aging forests also contribute. The report found that older, mature trees absorb less carbon than younger trees of the same species, and U. S. forests are rapidly aging. This trend is likely to continue, as forests come under increasing threat from climate change and exploitation (开采). The typical tropical (热带的) forest may become a carbon source by the 2060s, according to Simon Lewis, professor in the school of geography at Leeds University. “Humans have been lucky so far, as tropical forests are cleaning up lots of our pollution, but they can’t keep doing that indefinitely,” he said. “We need to cut down fossil fuel emissions before the global carbon cycle starts working against us.” U. S. forests currently absorb 11 percent of U. S. carbon emissions, or 150 million metric tons of carbon a year, equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants, according to the report. The loss of forests as natural carbon absorbers will require the U. S. to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero. “As we work to decarbonize (碳减排), forests are one of the greatest tools at our handling. If we were to lose that, it means we will contribute that much more in emissions.” Riley said. 8．What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Relieve. B．Worsen. C．Address. D．Measure. 9．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The key role of forests in the ecosystem. B．The consequences of frequent natural disasters. C．The impact of rising global temperatures on forests. D．The reasons for forests’ declining ability to absorb carbon. 10．What does Simon Lew is suggest? A．Reducing fossil fuel emissions. B．Dealing with decaying trees in time. C．Planting younger trees on a large scale. D．Limiting the exploitation of forest resources. 11．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．To stress the significance of forests. B．To offer suggestions on forest management. C．To present the efforts the U. S. has made to reach net zero. D．To show the increasing carbon emissions from coal power plants. 【答案】8．B 9．D 10．A 11．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国农业部的一份新报告称森林在未来可能会加剧全球变暖，而非缓解全球变暖，到2070年，森林甚至可能会成为主要的碳排放者。 8．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older. (因为它们正在受到自然灾害的破坏，并且随着年龄的增长，它们正在失去吸收地球变暖气体的能力)”可知，森林受到自然灾害的破坏，且吸收温室气体的能力随着年龄在下降，所以可推知美国的森林可能会加剧全球变暖，划线词的意思为“加剧，使恶化”。故选B。 9．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The loss of carbon absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes, which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise. The disasters destroy forestland, destroying their ecosystem and decreasing their ability to absorb carbon, according to Lynn Riley, a senior manager of climate science at the American Forest Foundation. Aging forests also contribute. The report found that older, mature trees absorb less carbon than younger trees of the same species, and U. S. forests are rapidly aging.(碳吸收的减少在一定程度上是由野火、龙卷风和飓风等自然灾害造成的，随着全球气温的上升，这些自然灾害的频率和强度都在增加。美国森林基金会气候科学高级经理Lynn Riley表示，这些灾难破坏了林地，破坏了其生态系统，降低了其吸收碳的能力。老化的森林也起到了推波助澜的作用。报告发现，年龄较大、成熟的树木吸收的碳比同一物种的年轻树木少，美国的森林正在迅速老化)”可知，本段主要列举了几个导致森林吸收碳能力减少的原因，如自然灾害、森林老化等。故选D。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“We need to cut down fossil fuel emissions before the global carbon cycle starts working against us. (我们需要在全球碳循环开始对我们不利之前减少化石燃料的排放)”可知，Simon Lewis建议减少化石燃料排放。故选A。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“U. S. forests currently absorb 11 percent of U. S. carbon emissions, or 150 million metric tons of carbon a year, equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants, according to the report. The loss of forests as natural carbon absorbers will require the U. S. to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero. “As we work to decarbonize (碳减排), forests are one of the greatest tools at our handling. If we were to lose that, it means we will contribute that much more in emissions.” Riley said.(根据这份报告，美国森林目前吸收了美国11%的碳排放量，即每年1.5亿吨碳，相当于40座燃煤电厂的总排放量。森林作为天然碳吸收器的损失将要求美国更快地减少排放，以达到净零排放。“在我们努力脱碳的过程中，森林是我们处理的最好工具之一。如果我们失去了这一点，这意味着我们将贡献更多的排放。”莱利说)”可知，森林在吸收碳方面起着重要作用，如果森林消失，意味着对排放量有非常高的要求，故本段主要是在强调森林的重要性。故选A。 （五） 【2023-2024学年福建省泉州晋江市五校高二下学期期末】It’s no secret that sleep is important to your overall health, but a lack of sleep could have great effects on your heart, a new study shows. The researchers said people with insomnia(失眠症)are more likely to have a heart attack. Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder in the US, the researchers wrote in their report, noting that 10% to 15% of people in the US struggle with it. The meta-analysis of previously published research suggests that the potential association between insomnia and heart attack risk is strongest in women. Dr. Martha Gulati, director of prevention at the Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, said that most of her patients are women and that insomnia is a noted risk factor for women who have had any form of ischemic heart disease. “We see it probably in 1 in 10 patients in the United States,” said Gulati, who was not involved in the new research. “It is my impression that almost everyone experiences insomnia at some point in their life. The estimate is that 1 in 2 adults experience it at some point in their life, maybe in the short term because of stressful moments.” For their analysis, the researchers defined insomnia as a sleep disorder with three main symptoms(症状): Difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep and waking early and being unable to fall back asleep. The study also found an association between increased heart attack risk and how long a participant slept each night. Those who slept five hours or less had the highest association with heart attack risk and were 1.56 times more likely to have a heart attack than people who slept seven or eight hours. Longer sleep duration wasn’t always more protective. The study found that people who slept six hours a night had a lower risk of a heart attack than those who slept nine hours or more. “A lot of studies have pointed somewhere between seven and eight hours of sleep being the magic number for us,” another researcher said. “There is obviously variability for everyone, but too much sleep is rarely the issue.” 8．What’s the function of the first paragraph? A．To list a fact. B．To warn the readers. C．To introduce the topic. D．To draw the readers’ interest. 9．What can we infer from Gulati words? A．Insomnia is unavoidable in the short term. B．Insomnia is a common phenomenon in life. C．Heart attack often happens during insomnia. D．Women are less experienced in dealing with insomnia. 10．What inspiration can we get according to the sleeping time? A．Put quality before quantity. B．Too much is as bad as too little. C．Bite off more than one can chew. D．Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 11．What’s the author’s attitude to the relationship between insomnia and heart attack? A．Pessimistic. B．Indifferent. C．Objective. D．Positive. 【答案】8．C 9．B 10．A 11．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论的是睡眠不足对心脏健康的影响。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s no secret that sleep is important to your overall health, but a lack of sleep could have great effects on your heart, a new study shows. The researchers said people with insomnia are more likely to have a heart attack.(众所周知，睡眠对你的整体健康很重要，但一项新研究显示，睡眠不足可能对你的心脏有很大影响。研究人员说，失眠症更容易患心脏病)”可知，本段主要介绍了一项新的研究，即，睡眠不足可能对你的心脏有很大影响，故第一段的作用是引出文章的主题：睡眠不足对心脏健康的影响。故选C。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段中““We see it probably in 1 in 10 patients in the United States,” said Gulati, who was not involved in the new research. “It is my impression that almost everyone experiences insomnia at some point in their life. The estimate is that 1 in 2 adults experience it at some point in their life, maybe in the short term because of stressful moments.”(Gulati说：“在美国，我们发现每10名患者中就有1人患有这种疾病。” Gulati没有参与这项新研究。“在我的印象中，几乎每个人都在人生的某个阶段经历过失眠。据估计，每两个成年人中就有一个在他们生命中的某个时刻经历过这种情况，也许是短期的，因为压力大。”)”可知，从Gulati看来，失眠是生活中的常见现象，因为几乎每个人都在人生的某个阶段经历过失眠。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知“Those who slept five hours or less had the highest association with heart attack risk and were 1.56 times more likely to have a heart attack than people who slept seven or eight hours. Longer sleep duration wasn’t always more protective. The study found that people who slept six hours a night had a lower risk of a heart attack than those who slept nine hours or more. “A lot of studies have pointed somewhere between seven and eight hours of sleep being the magic number for us,” another researcher said. “There is obviously variability for everyone, but too much sleep is rarely the issue.”(睡5小时或更少的人患心脏病的风险最高，比睡7或8小时的人患心脏病的可能性高1.56倍。更长的睡眠时间并不总是更有保护作用。研究发现，每晚睡6个小时的人比睡9个小时或更长时间的人患心脏病的风险更低。另一位研究人员说：“很多研究都指出，7到8小时的睡眠对我们来说是一个神奇的数字。显然每个人都有不同的情况，但睡眠过多并不是问题所在。”)”可知，睡眠不到5小时的人患心脏病的风险最高，同时，更长的睡眠时间并不总是更有保护作用，即，并不是睡眠时间越长越好，文章强调每个人的最优睡眠时长是不同的，因此睡眠的时长并不重要，重要的是睡眠质量，由此推断A选项“Put quality before quantity( 重质轻量)”符合文章题意。故选A。 11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知“Those who slept five hours or less had the highest association with heart attack risk and were 1.56 times more likely to have a heart attack than people who slept seven or eight hours. Longer sleep duration wasn’t always more protective. The study found that people who slept six hours a night had a lower risk of a heart attack than those who slept nine hours or more. (睡5小时或更少的人患心脏病的风险最高，比睡7或8小时的人患心脏病的可能性高1.56倍。更长的睡眠时间并不总是更有保护作用。研究发现，每晚睡6个小时的人比睡9个小时或更长时间的人患心脏病的风险更低)”可知，睡5小时或更少的人患心脏病的风险最高，比睡7或8小时的人患心脏病的可能性高1.56倍；每晚睡6个小时的人比睡9个小时或更长时间的人患心脏病的风险更低，即，作者通过列举数据说明失眠与心脏病之间的关系，即，睡眠时间（失眠）与心脏病之间的关系并不是绝对的，而是因人而异不同的。故作者对此关系的态度是客观的。故选C。 （六） 【2023-2024学年福建省泉州晋江市高二下学期7月期末】Facial recognition cameras are everywhere, including in your smart phone. Many people use this technology to unlock their phones, open doors or pay quickly, but there is a problem-someone is wearing masks. What a hassle! Now, the companies have improved their technology. Facial recognition technology can now know people even if they are wearing a mask. Beijing-based tech company Hanwang has announced a software which can correctly recognize 95 percent of people wearing masks, Engineering & Technology (E&T) reported. What’s the secret? It’s all about your eyes. Marios Savvides, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University, US, studies facial recognition technology. As we get older, he said, our faces change shape, but not the area around our eyes. It stays the same-even if we put on weight. Facial recognition software is about more than just unlocking your phone. It’s about public safety. For example, you don’t need to take an ID card, which can be lost or stolen. It also means that virus isn’t spread by touching things, said NEC’s Shinya Takeshima. “Touchless check has become very important to some infectious diseases,” he said to Reuters. “We hope to do something for safety and peace of mind.” More than that, facial recognition can be used to fight crime. “It can tell criminals and terrorists,” said Huang Lei, one of Hanwang’s leaders. Hanwang’s technology is used by police in high-security settings. This means places like government buildings, subway stations and airports. Similar technology is used by the United States Air Force and other governments. Huang talks about one big weakness of this technology. “It fails when people wear both a mask and sunglasses. In this situation, all of the key facial information is lost,” Huang said to E&T. 8．What is the closest meaning of the underlined word “hassle” in paragraph 1? A．Trouble. B．Mistake. C．Rule. D．Habit. 9．The facial recognition software that can identify people with masks mainly depends on ______. A．the forehead B．the eye region C．the shape of faces D．the facial expressions 10．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The future of facial recognition technology. B．Different types of facial recognition software. C．The advantages of facial recognition technology. D．The problems with current facial recognition technology. 11．What is the attitude of Mr Huang toward facial technology? A．Objective. B．Favorable. C．Worried. D．Negative. 【答案】8．A 9．B 10．C 11．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科技公司已经更新了面部识别技术，使其可以识别戴着口罩的人，并介绍了更新的面部识别技术能识别戴着口罩的人的原因，以及面部识别技术的优势。 8．词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“Facial recognition cameras are everywhere, including in your smart phone. Many people use this technology to unlock their phones, open doors or pay quickly, but there is a problem-someone is wearing masks.(面部识别摄像头无处不在，包括你的智能手机。许多人使用这项技术解锁手机、开门或快速付款，但有一个问题——有人戴着口罩)”可知人们用面部识别技术来解锁手机、开门、付款，这些都需要能看到脸部，但是人们都戴口罩，而且不能快速取下来，所以这个给面部识别造成不便，即这时候戴口罩是一件麻烦事，故推知划线单词“hassle”意思为“麻烦”。故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“As we get older, he said, our faces change shape, but not the area around our eyes. It stays the same-even if we put on weight.(他说，随着年龄的增长，我们的脸会改变形状，但眼睛周围的区域不会改变。即使我们长胖了，它也不会变)”可知，面部识别软件能够识别戴口罩的人，主要依靠眼睛区域。故选B。 10．主旨大意题。根据第四段“More than that, facial recognition can be used to fight crime. “It can tell criminals and terrorists,” said Huang Lei, one of Hanwang’s leaders. Hanwang’s technology is used by police in high-security settings. This means places like government buildings, subway stations and airports. Similar technology is used by the United States Air Force and other governments.(不仅如此，面部识别还可以用来打击犯罪。“它可以分辨罪犯和恐怖分子，”汉旺的领导人之一黄磊说。汉王的技术被警方用于高度安全的环境中。这指的是政府大楼、地铁站和机场等地方。美国空军和其他政府也在使用类似的技术)”可知，本段讲述的是人脸识别技术的优势。故选C。 11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ “It can tell criminals and terrorists,” said Huang Lei, one of Hanwang’s leaders. (“它可以分辨罪犯和恐怖分子，”汉王的领导人之一黄磊说)”以及最后一段“Huang talks about one big weakness of this technology. “It fails when people wear both a mask and sunglasses. In this situation, all of the key facial information is lost,” Huang said to E&T.(黄谈到了这项技术的一大弱点。“当人们既戴口罩又戴太阳镜时，它就失效了。在这种情况下，所有关键的面部信息都丢失了。”)”可知，提到了好处和缺点，可知黄是客观态度。故选A。 （七） 【2023-2024学年福建省泉州市泉港一中.泉州一中.石外分校联考高二下学期7月期末】 Aspirin has long been believed to help prevent heart attacks and strokes(中风).Some studies have shown that it also has a protective effect against certain types of cancer. As a result, some people religiously pop a low-dose(低剂量的) aspirin after breakfast every day (never take one on an empty stomach). But now its status as a wonder drug has come into question, following a meta-analysis of trial evidence. A meta-analysis reviews the results of a large number of trials and can therefore come to more certain conclusions. This latest review was published this May in The Journal of the American Medical Association.It focused on the connection between aspirin use and cardiovascular(心血管的) and bleeding events. It found that the well-known risk that aspirin can cause internal bleeding is as great as the benefits of preventing heart attacks and strokes. In some cases, the risk even outweighs the benefits. Aspirin thins the blood, thus helping to prevent blood clots (血栓). For his reason, it is a good drug for protecting people who have already had a heart attack or stroke from having another. However, the 164,225 people in these trials had no history of cardiovascular disease. They were monitored for an average of six years, during which time they took a daily aspirin or placebo(安慰剂).Among those who took aspirin, there were about 11% fewer heart attacks and strokes but 43% higher likelihood of a major bleeding episode in the stomach, brain or intestine(肠道). Dr Sean Zheng, a cardiology(心脏病学) researcher at King’s College London, said that taking a daily aspirin couldn’t be recommended for healthy people. But there might still be a case for people with a higher risk of a heart attack or stroke, he added. However, it would be important to consider the bleeding risk. “Aspirin use requires discussion between the patient and their physician, with the knowledge that any small potential cardiovascular benefits are weighed up against the real risk of severe bleeding." he said. The findings reflect the average likelihood of bleeds or heart attacks among the patients in all the trials. There will be people among them who would be better off taking aspirin and those who will be worse. It's yet another situation where we need to weigh up our individual risk and benefit--- maybe with the help of an understanding GP. 24．Which of the following is NOT a reason why some people take an aspirin every day? A．They want to lower their risk of having a heart attack B．They hope to protect themselves against some cancers C．They want to ensure they don't have a sick stomach D．They aim to make sure they won't suffer another stroke 25．What can be concluded from the recent meta-analysis? A．That aspirin does more harm than good to the human body B．That aspirin frequently causes internal bleeding because it thins the blood C．That previous research into the effects of aspirin on the human body was unreliable. D．That taking aspirin is not worth the risk or those with no history of heart tacks or strokes. 26．What should people do before taking aspirin, according to the article? A．To have a thorough physical examination B．To ask for others' opinions on the internet. C．To read the findings of new studies on aspirin D．To talk with a doctor familiar with their condition 27．The article was probably written by ________ A．the director of a hospital B．a public health journalist C．the CEO of a medical company D．a representative for an insurance company 【答案】24．C 25．D 26．D 27．B 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了关于阿司匹林的新发现——经过对试验证据的荟萃分析，阿司匹林作为一种神奇药物的地位受到质疑——服用也有风险。 24．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Aspirin has long been believed to help prevent heart attacks and strokes(中风).Some studies have shown that it also has a protective effect against certain types of cancer. As a result, some people religiously pop a low-dose(低剂量的) aspirin after breakfast every day.”可知，阿司匹林长期以来被认为有助于预防心脏病发作和中风，一些研究表明它对某些类型的癌症也有保护作用，因此，有些人每天早餐后都会虔诚地服用小剂量阿司匹林，而没有提到人们服用阿司匹林是因为它可以预防或治疗胃病，故C项正确。 25．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It found that the well-known risk that aspirin can cause internal bleeding is as great as the benefits of preventing heart attacks and strokes. In some cases, the risk even outweighs the benefits.”可知，荟萃分析的结论发现阿司匹林有引起内出血的风险和预防心脏病发作和中风的好处一样大，在某些情况下，风险甚至超过了益处，再根据第三段中的“However, the 164,225 people in these trials had no history of cardiovascular disease. They were monitored for an average of six years, during which time they took a daily aspirin or placebo(安慰剂).Among those who took aspirin, there were about 11% fewer heart attacks and strokes but 43% higher likelihood of a major bleeding episode in the stomach, brain or intestine(肠道).”可知，这些试验中的164225人没有心血管疾病史，他们接受了平均6年的监测，在此期间，他们每天服用阿司匹林或安慰剂（安非他命），服用阿司匹林的人中，心脏病发作和中风的几率减少了11%，但胃、脑或肠大出血发作的可能性增加了43%，由此可知，阿司匹林不值得冒险服用，也不值得那些没有心脏病或中风病史的人服用，故D项正确。 26．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““Aspirin use requires discussion between the patient and their physician, with the knowledge that any small potential cardiovascular benefits are weighed up against the real risk of severe bleeding." he said.”，可知，他说“阿司匹林的使用需要患者和他们的医生进行讨论，因为他们知道任何小的潜在心血管益处都要与严重出血的实际风险相权衡。”，也就是说，人们在服用阿司匹林前应该与熟悉他们病情的医生谈一下，故D项正确。 27．推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“But now its status as a wonder drug has come into question, following a meta-analysis of trial evidence.”可知，本文主要介绍了关于阿司匹林的新发现——经过对试验证据的荟萃分析，阿司匹林作为一种神奇药物的地位受到质疑（服用也有风险），这属于公众健康话题，因此这篇文章很有可能出自一名公众健康记者之手，故B项正确。 【点睛】本篇第4题推理判断题难度较大，抓住文章主题是关键，通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“But now its status as a wonder drug has come into question, following a meta-analysis of trial evidence.”可知，本文主要介绍了关于阿司匹林的新发现——经过对试验证据的荟萃分析，阿司匹林作为一种神奇药物的地位受到质疑——服用阿司匹林也会有风险，这属于公众健康话题，因此这篇文章很有可能出自一名公众健康记者之手。 （八） 【2023-2024学年福建省泉州市泉港一中.泉州一中.石外分校联考高二下学期7月期末】 High school students perform better on tests if they are in a classroom with a view of a green space, instead of a windowless room or a room with a view of built-up space, according to research from the University of Illinois Department of Landscape Architecture. “It is the first to show a relationship between studying with a green view and students’ performance.” said William Sullivan, head of the research team. “It’s a substantial finding that if you have a green view outside your window, you’ll do better on tests.” Sullivan hopes the results of their research will lead to some changes. “Changes in school design, for example, would be a much better thing than any of the things we spend money on in secondary education today,” Sullivan said. The research included 94 students at five central Illinois high schools. Students were randomly assigned to one of three kinds of classrooms — windowless, with a window looking out onto built-up space, or with a window looking out onto green space. Each kind of classroom had almost the same size and layout (布局). The students took part in one-on-one experiments in which they did 30 minutes of activities that included a proofreading (勘校) exercise, a speech and a math exercise. Following the activities the students were given an attention test which asked them to repeat a series of numbers. The findings: Students did better on both study activities and the attention test if they were in a classroom with a green view, Sullivan said. The researchers suggest their findings can help planners and policymakers improve students’ health and learning. For example, planners can choose places for new schools that already have trees, or they can plant many trees on the site; architects can design classroom windows so they look onto green spaces. 32．What did the study find out about high school students? A．They like to have green plants in their classrooms. B．They will get better grades when studying in different classrooms. C．Changes in school design will influence their attitudes towards teachers. D．A green view through a classroom window can improve their performance. 33．What does the underlined word “substantial” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Early. B．Important. C．Useless. D．Possible. 34．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How the study was carried out. B．The result of the study. C．Why the study was different. D．The purpose of the study. 35．What do the researchers think of the study? A．It has drawn public attention to education. B．It can play a guiding role in school planning. C．It has encouraged students to get close to nature. D．It needs more support from high school teachers. 【答案】32．D 33．B 34．A 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了高中生在可以看到绿色空间的教室里，比在没有窗户的教室里或在能看到建筑空间的教室里表现得更好。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It’s a substantial finding that if you have a green view outside your window, you’ll do better on tests.(这是一个重要的发现，如果你的窗外有绿色的景色，你在测试中会表现得更好)”可知，关于高中生，这项研究发现透过教室窗户看到的绿色风景可以提高他们的成绩。故选D。 33．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Sullivan hopes the results of their research will lead to some changes. “Changes in school design, for example, would be a much better thing than any of the things we spend money on in secondary education today,” Sullivan said.(沙利文希望他们的研究结果将导致政策的改变。沙利文说，例如，改变学校设计“将比我们今天在中学教育中花钱的任何事情都要好得多。”)”可知，这个发现能导致政策的改变，所以是一个重要的发现，由此可知划线词substantial意为“重要的”，和B项意思相近。故选B。 34．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The research included 94 students at five central Illinois high schools. Students were randomly assigned to one of three kinds of classrooms—windowless, with a window looking out onto built-up space, or with a window looking out onto green space. Each kind of classroom had almost the same size and layout (布局)．The students took part in one-on-one experiments in which they did 30 minutes of activities that included a proofreading (勘校) exercise, a speech and a math exercise. Following the activities the students were given an attention test which asked them to repeat a series of numbers.(这项研究包括伊利诺斯州中部五所高中的94名学生。学生们被随机分配到三种教室中的一种——没有窗户的教室，有窗户可以看到建筑空间的教室，或有窗户可以看到绿地的教室。每一种教室都有相似的大小和布局。这些学生参加了一对一的实验，他们做了30分钟的活动，包括校对练习、演讲和数学练习。活动结束后，学生们接受了一项注意力测试，要求他们重复一系列数字。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是研究是如何进行的。故选A。 35．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The researchers suggest their findings can help planners and policymakers improve students’ health and learning.(研究人员表示，他们的发现可以帮助规划者和决策者提高学生的幸福感和学习能力。)”可知，研究人员认为这项研究可以在学校规划中起到指导作用。故选B。 （九） 【2023-2024学年福建省泉州市四校高二下学期7月期末】Some girls tend to feel frustrated if they have a pear-shaped body, with hips that are wider than the bust (胸部) and shoulders. While pear-shaped people’s waists are typically smaller, they may have more fat on their hips and legs. As a result, many pear-shaped girls try to hide their hips and legs under large dresses and pants. However, a recent study suggested that pear-shaped people are the ones who won the genetic lottery! A study published in September by the US National Library of Medicine found that the waist-to-hip ratio(WHR) shows the strongest and most consistent association with mortality. Traditionally, the body mass index (BMI) has been considered the best indicator of health. However, this study challenges this belief. It surveyed nearly 40,000 people and found that, regardless of BMI, WHR is positively correlated with all-cause mortality(all of the deaths that occur in a population no matter the cause). The larger the WHR, the higher the all-cause mortality rate will be. Instead of focusing on how much fat a person has, scientists involved in this study suggest people should focus more on how fat is distributed in a person’s body. WHR, as its name suggests, compares your waist measurement to your hip measurement. A larger waistline means more central fat, which could indicate more visceral fat (内脏脂肪), also known as toxic fat. Harvard Medical School states that more visceral fat increases the risk of illnesses including diabetes, heart diseases and asthma. That’s why people with a pear-shaped body tend to be healthier than others. According to the World Health Organization(WHO), a healthy WHR is less than 0.85 for women and less than 0.9 for men. It is impossible to specifically target waist fat when people try to lose weight. But losing overall fat will make the waist smaller. Researchers from Johns Hopkins University suggested we eat less carbohydrates and more food higher in fiber and protein. Moreover, doing strength training helps build more muscle, which makes you burn more calories even when you’re resting. 32．Why do pear-shaped girls prefer baggy trousers? A．To show off their long legs. B．To hide their broad shoulders. C．To showcase their slim waists. D．To cover their wide hips and thick legs. 33．What does the recent study find that goes against the conventional belief? A．Pear-shaped people are much healthier. B．WHR consistently correlates with death rate. C．Pear-shaped people are lucky to win lotteries. D．A smaller BMI indicates healthier physical condition. 34．What does the author primarily intend to do in Paragraph 4? A．To announce the standard WHR set by World Health Organization. B．To explain why pear-shaped body are likely to be healthier than others. C．To introduce what WHR refers to and how to measure our waistlines. D．To reveal the huge risks of various illnesses visceral fat can bring about. 35．What’s the text mainly about? A．A practical tip for losing waist fat. B．A healthy WHR recommended by WHO. C．A surprise bonus won by pear-shaped bodies. D．A typical bodyshape bringing good to health. 【答案】32．D 33．B 34．B 35．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现，梨形身材的人往往比其他人更健康，对此进行了解释说明。 32．细节理解题。根据第一段“As a result, many pear-shaped girls try to hide their hips and legs under large dresses and pants.(因此，许多梨形身材的女孩试图把臀部和腿藏在大裙子和裤子下面)”可知，梨形身材的女孩更喜欢宽松的裤子是为了遮住他们宽大的臀部和粗腿。故选D。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段“A study published in September by the US National Library of Medicine found that the waist-to-hip ratio(WHR) shows the strongest and most consistent association with mortality. Traditionally, the body mass index (BMI) has been considered the best indicator of health. However, this study challenges this belief. (美国国家医学图书馆9月份发表的一项研究发现，腰臀比（WHR）与死亡率的关系最密切、最一致。传统上，身体质量指数（BMI）被认为是健康的最佳指标。然而，这项研究挑战了这种观点)”可知，最近的研究发现WHR始终与死亡率相关与传统观念相反。故选B。 34．推理判断题。根据第四段“WHR, as its name suggests, compares your waist measurement to your hip measurement. A larger waistline means more central fat, which could indicate more visceral fat (内脏脂肪), also known as toxic fat. Harvard Medical School states that more visceral fat increases the risk of illnesses including diabetes, heart diseases and asthma. That’s why people with a pear-shaped body tend to be healthier than others. According to the World Health Organization(WHO), a healthy WHR is less than 0.85 for women and less than 0.9 for men.(WHR，顾名思义，比较你的腰围和臀围。腰围越大，意味着更多的中心脂肪，这可能意味着更多的内脏脂肪，也被称为有毒脂肪。哈佛医学院指出，内脏脂肪过多会增加患糖尿病、心脏病和哮喘等疾病的风险。这就是为什么梨形身材的人往往比其他人更健康。根据世界卫生组织的数据，女性健康的腰宽比小于0.85，男性健康的腰宽比小于0.9)”可知，作者在第4段解释为什么梨形身材的人可能比其他人更健康。故选B。 35．主旨大意题。根据第二段“However, a recent study suggested that pear-shaped people are the ones who won the genetic lottery!(然而，最近的一项研究表明，梨形的人是那些赢得了基因彩票的人！)”结合文章主要说明了研究发现，梨形身材的人往往比其他人更健康，对此进行了解释说明。可知，这篇文章主要讲了梨形身材赢得意外奖金。故选C。 （十） 【2023-2024学年福建省泉州市丰泽区安溪一中，惠安一中，养正中学，泉州实验中高二下学期7月期末】People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between supporters of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture”. Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts (本能). Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B．E. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, human beings remain unchanged unless stimulated by the environmental factors. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. 12．What will the supporters of the “nurture” theory agree with? A．Peter loves talking to strangers because he is friendly. B．Peter loves maths because his father is a maths professor. C．Peter loves detective stories because he enjoys suspense and thrill. D．Peter loves tea because his mother gave it to him since childhood. 13．The underlined word “mechanistic” in paragraph 4 means ________. A．flexible B．rigid C．common D．new 14．Why did the author cite the blacks in the US as an example? A．He wanted to show how the theories have deeply affected the society. B．He tried to prove that both theories need further discussion and research. C．He intended to demonstrate why the blacks need more education and support. D．He attempted to introduce the result of intelligence tests from blacks and whites. 15．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce some theories. B．To stress genetic factors. C．To solve a racial problem. D．To give further suggestions. 【答案】12．D 13．B 14．A 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了人的性格与行为模式是如何形成的，以及是什么决定了每个人的性格行为与他人不同。 12．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. (“后天培养”理论的支持者，或者他们通常被称为行为主义者，声称我们的环境比我们基于生物学的本能更重要，决定我们将如何行动。)”可知，Peter爱茶是因为他母亲从小就给他茶，这是环境因素的影响，符合“后天培养”理论支持者的观点，即环境在塑造行为方面起着更重要的作用。故选D项。 13．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, human beings remain unchanged unless stimulated by the environmental factors.(行为主义者对人类的看法是相当……；他们认为，就像机器一样，除非受到环境因素的刺激，否则人类不会改变。)”可知，人类像机器一样，除非受到环境因素的刺激否则保持不变，意味着这种观点是僵化的、刻板的。划线单词mechanistic意思为“机械论的；僵化的”，故选B项。 14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests.(这两种理论的社会和政治影响是深远的。例如，在美国，黑人在标准化智力测试中的得分往往低于白人。)”可知，作者提到美国黑人在标准化智力测试中得分低于白人的例子，是为了说明这两种理论的社会和政治影响是深远的。故选A项。 15．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.(目前还没有明确的答案，但关于这个问题已经形成了两种截然不同的思想流派。)”可知，作者的目的是介绍关于人的个性和行为形成的两种不同的理论，即“天性”理论和“后天培养”理论，并阐述了它们的观点和影响。故选A项。 （十一） 【2023-2024学年福建省宁德市市高二下学期7月期末】According to a paper published in Science, one in ten residents of China’s coastal cities could be living below sea level within a century, as a result of land subsidence and climate change. Subsidence island sinking to a lower level than normal, usually owing to extraction (抽取) of subsurface water, rock or other resources The authors, led by Tao Shengli, a researcher in remote-sensing technology at Peking University in Beijing, assessed 82 cities across China. They used radar pulses (雷达脉冲) from satellites to measure the changes in the distance between the satellite and the ground to examine how its heights changed between 2015 and 2022. They found that some 16% of the mapped area of China’s major cities is sinking “rapidly”—faster than 10 millimetres every year. An even greater area, roughly 45%, is sinking at a “moderate” rate, greater than 3 millimetres annually. They links a range of natural and human factors to sinking, such as the depth of a city’s bedrock, groundwater extraction, the weight of buildings, and the use of transport systems. Previous studies have found that over-extraction of groundwater is a primary cause of severe land subsidence in cities across the world. The authors also listed the weight of buildings as a factor. Contrary to expectations, heavier buildings, such as the skyscrapers, tend to sinks lower than lighter structures do, possibly because those buildings are fixed on deeper rock. As cities sink, global sea levels are rising, owing to the effects of climate change. The double whammy will cause 22-26% of China’s coastal lands to drop below sea level by 2120, the paper says. Subsidence is certainly not only a problem in China. By 2040, almost one-fifth of the world’s population is projected to be living on sinking land. Given the urgency of this threat, scientists around the world are exploring various approaches to tackle the issues. 28．How did the researchers measure the land subsidence? A．By using satellites to monitor climate changes. B．By analyzing satellite data on city populations. C．By tracking varied satellite-to-ground distances over a session. D．By observing changes with remote-sensing equipment on the ground. 29．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Transport systems greatly contribute to land subsidence. B．Management of groundwater is key to slowing down city sinking. C．The depth of city bedrock is a primary factor in urban land subsidence. D．Heavier buildings make the ground sink faster than lighter buildings do. 30．What does “double whammy” underlined in paragraph 5 refer to? A．Heavier buildings and climate change. B．Climate change and sea level rising. C．Heavier buildings and land subsidence. D．Sealevel rising and land subsidence. 31．What maybe talked about in the following paragraph? A．Possible solutions. B．Population growth. C．Various threats. D．Energy conservation. 【答案】28．C 29．B 30．D 31．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由于地面沉降和气候变化的影响，中国沿海城市的居民在未来一个世纪内可能面临生活在海平面以下的风险。文章阐述了原因，并且讲述了鉴于这一威胁的紧迫性，全世界的科学家正在探索各种方法来解决这一问题。 28．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They used radar pulses from satellites to measure the changes in the distance between the satellite and the ground to examine how its heights changed between 2015 and 2022.(他们使用来自卫星的雷达脉冲来测量卫星与地面之间距离的变化，以研究其高度在2015年至2022年间的变化情况。)”可知，研究人员通过跟踪一段时间内卫星到地面的距离变化来测量地面沉降。故选C。 29．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Previous studies have found that over-extraction of groundwater is a primary cause of severe land subsidence in cities across the world.(以前的研究发现，地下水的过度开采是世界各地城市严重地面沉降的主要原因。)”可推知，地下水管理是减缓城市下沉的关键。故选B。 30．词句猜测题。根据上文“As cities sink, global sea levels are rising, owing to the effects of climate change. (随着城市下沉，由于气候变化的影响，全球海平面正在上升。)”可知，这种双重打击将导致到2120年，中国22-26%的沿海土地将降至海平面以下。因此，“double whammy”指的是海平面上升和地面沉降这两个问题。故选D。 31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Given the urgency of this threat, scientists around the world are exploring various approaches to tackle the issues.(鉴于这一威胁的紧迫性，世界各地的科学家正在探索解决这一问题的各种方法。)”可推知，下文可能会讨论可能的解决方案。故选A。 （十二） 【2023-2024学年福建省莆田市高二下学期7月期末】 If you were bringing friends home to visit, you could show them the way. You know the landmarks. But what if you were swimming in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean? Could you still find your way home? A loggerhead turtle (红海龟) could. According to Dr Lohmann, loggerheads possess a magnetic (磁力的) sense based on Earth’s magnetic field. It helps them locate the best spots for finding food and their home beaches. Scientists already know that several other animals, like whales, can detect magnetic fields, but they only learn from their parents the way to go home. Loggerheads are abandoned as eggs and must consequently learn to use their magnetic sense to find their way home. Scientists still wonder what helps them master their magnetic sense? Dr Lohmann thinks one of the cues is light on the sea. Baby loggerheads hatch only at night. However, a small amount of light reflects off the ocean. Heading toward the light helps them get quickly out to set, where they can find food. Dr Lohmann tested whether newborn loggerheads use this light source to set their magnetic “compasses”. His team put some newborns in a water tank and recorded which way they swam. Around the tank, the scientists created a magnetic field matching the Earth’s. Meanwhile, they set a weak light to the east of the magnetic field. Then they let the newborns go. At first, they swam toward the light. After the scientists turned off the light, the turtles that had seen the light in the east always swam toward cast. When the researchers reversed (颠倒) the magnetic field, these turtles turned around and swam toward the new “cast”. This experiment and the follow-ups all showed that loggerheads use light from the outside world to set their magnetic “compasses” and then remember the “correct” direction. If a turtle hatches on a brightly-lit beach, that would damage its magnetic sense forever and make their survival hard. Dr Lohmann’s work has led people to protect turtles’ habitat. Yet many questions remain unanswered. Researchers still have extensive studies to carry out. 8．Loggerheads and whales differ in the way they ________. A．locate light sources B．learn to find directions C．detect magnetic fields D．recognize familiar landmarks 9．What is needed for newborn loggerheads to set their magnetic sense? A．Food in warmer waters. B．Bright sunlight from the sky. C．Help from adult loggerheads. D．Weak light reflected off the ocean. 10．What is the significance of Dr Lohmann’s research work? A．It provides more insight into the magnetic field. B．It improves accuracy in keeping track of turtles. C．It offers a new solution to environmental pollution. D．It helps protect the loggerheads’ living environment. 11．What could be the best title of the passage? A．Experiments on Loggerheads B．The Survival of the Sea Turtle C．The Loggerhead’s Built-in “Compass” D．Comparison of Loggerheads and Other Animals 【答案】8．B 9．D 10．D 11．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。红海龟拥有一种基于地球磁场的磁感。它帮助它们找到寻找食物和家园海滩的最佳地点，文章对此进行了详细介绍。 8．细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“Scientists already know that several other animals, like whales, can detect magnetic fields, but they only learn from their parents the way to go home. Loggerheads are abandoned as eggs and must consequently learn to use their magnetic sense to find their way home.(科学家们已经知道，其他一些动物，如鲸鱼，可以探测到磁场，但它们是向父母学习回家的路。红海龟在作为卵的时候被遗弃，因此必须学会使用它们的磁感应来找到回家的路。)”可知，红海龟和鲸鱼的不同之处在于它们学习寻找方向的途径。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句和第三句“However, a small amount of light reflects off the ocean. Heading toward the light helps them get quickly out to set, where they can find food.(然而，有少量的光被海洋反射。朝有光的地方走可以帮助它们快速到达巢穴，找到食物。)”可知，新生红海龟需要从海洋反射出来的微弱的光来设置它们的磁感。故选D。 10．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Dr Lohmann’s work has led people to protect turtles’ habitat.(罗曼博士的工作引导人们保护海龟的栖息地。)”可知，罗曼博士研究工作的意义是有助于保护红海龟的生存环境。故选D。 11．主旨大意题。根据第二段“According to Dr Lohmann, loggerheads possess a magnetic (磁力的) sense based on Earth’s magnetic field. It helps them locate the best spots for finding food and their home beaches.(根据罗曼博士的说法，红海龟拥有一种基于地球磁场的磁感。它帮助它们找到寻找食物和家园海滩的最佳地点。)”可知，这篇文章主要是讲红海龟拥有一种基于地球磁场的磁感，可以帮助它们寻找方向。故选C。 （十三） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州市联盟校高二下学期期末】 Have you ever been somewhere truly free from the sounds of humankind? We become immune to the sounds of distant traffic and especially the subtle (不易觉察的) hum of planes high above in the sky, but there are few places that don’t have some form of noise pollution. Noise pollution is noise that has surpassed surrounding noise levels and has a harmful impact on humans and animals. This type of pollution is generated by humans and is a form of environmental degradation (恶化). It can serve as a source of stress on fauna (动物群), which can have negative effects on animal welfare, and can even cause behavioral changes in birds, according to a study on the impacts of noise pollution on birds. Noise pollution can be problematic when frequencies that are produced disrupt information transmission in animals, specifically animals that use similar frequencies to communicate. These disturbances can also lead to higher anti-predator behaviors in situations that don’t require it, as well as change species vocalization (发声), increase stress and stress related diseases, and have the potential to decrease populations. Trees can be used against noise pollution, according to an investigation on the effects of leaves, branches, and canopies (树冠) on noise pollution. By decreasing the area in which noise is made and increasing tree presence with tree belts of at least 12 meters, trees could serve as a noise barrier in urban areas. Another study found that tree belts with a width of 30 meters could be planted on the roadside and have more than 6dB reduction of noise than a grassland would. The conclusion was that more trees, branches, and leaves could reduce noise pollution. Regulations have also been placed in the US statewide and by local governments to reduce noise pollution. New York, for example, has a regulation that looks at occupational noise exposure; this ranges from monitoring noise to providing personal protective equipment. Many states and local governments in the US have their own regulations regarding noise pollution: however, many focus on the human impacts that noise pollution has and not the environmental impacts. 28．What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 1? A．Noise pollution widely exists. B．Humans aren’t impacted by noise. C．It is hard for humans to hear plane noises. D．Lots of places are free from noise pollution. 29．What impact does noise pollution have on animals? A．It can relieve them from stress in life. B．It can cause much trouble to their hearing. C．It can cause them to behave abnormally. D．It can prevent them from making any sound. 30．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us about? A．Trees can be used to reduce noise pollution. B．A study carried out by scientists on noise pollution. C．The function of leaves, tree branches and canopies. D．The differences between tree belts and grassland. 31．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The US has spared great efforts to deal with pollution. B．Different states share the same regulations on in the US. C．All government levels take pollution seriously in the US. D．Noise pollution has drawn great attention in the States. 【答案】28．A 29．C 30．A 31．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是噪音污染的影响及其应对措施。 28．推理判断题。根据第一段中“We become immune to the sounds of distant traffic and especially the subtle (不易觉察的) hum of planes high above in the sky, but there are few places that don’t have some form of noise pollution.(我们对远处交通的声音，尤其是飞机在天空中发出的微弱嗡嗡声已经免疫了，但很少有地方没有某种形式的噪音污染。)”可知，作者在第一段想告诉我们噪声污染广泛存在。故选A。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段“It can serve as a source of stress on fauna (动物群), which can have negative effects on animal welfare, and can even cause behavioral changes in birds, according to a study on the impacts of noise pollution on birds.(根据一项关于噪音污染对鸟类影响的研究，它可以成为动物群的压力来源，这可能对动物福利产生负面影响，甚至可能导致鸟类的行为改变。)”和第三段“These disturbances can also lead to higher anti-predator behaviors in situations that don’t require it, as well as change species vocalization (发声), increase stress and stress related diseases, and have the potential to decrease populations.(这些干扰也会在不需要的情况下导致更高的反捕食者行为，以及改变物种的发声，增加压力和压力相关疾病，并有可能减少种群。)”可知，噪音对动物有许多的消极影响，会导致动物的行动异常。故选C。 30．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Trees can be used against noise pollution, according to an investigation on the effects of leaves, branches, and canopies (树冠) on noise pollution.(根据一项关于树叶、树枝和树冠对噪音污染影响的调查，树木可以用来对抗噪音污染。)”并结合下文可知，第四段主要讲的是树木可以用来减少噪音污染。故选A。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Regulations have also been placed in the US statewide and by local governments to reduce noise pollution. New York, for example, has a regulation that looks at occupational noise exposure; this ranges from monitoring noise to providing personal protective equipment. Many states and local governments in the US have their own regulations regarding noise pollution(美国各州和地方政府也制定了减少噪音污染的法规。例如，纽约有一项针对职业性噪音暴露的法规；这包括从监测噪音到提供个人防护设备。美国许多州和地方政府对噪音污染都有自己的规定)”可知，从最后一段我们能推断出噪音污染在美国引起了广泛的关注。故选D。 （十四） 【2023-2024学年福建省福州第一中学高二下学期期末】One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as ‘the last paradise on earth’. However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. Overcrowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal. Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most in a rush to make quick money. In recent years, Nepal’s forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise, with the consequent destruction of precious trees and plants. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multinational organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn’t happier in his village working his own land. Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people. The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Increased understanding in planning worldwide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not, in a few years’ time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed. 8．What does the underlined sentence of Para. 1 imply about tourism expansion? A．Its technical challenge. B．Its positive social effects. C．Its potential drawbacks. D．Its undervalued profitability. 9．Why does the author mention “Nepal” in Para. 2? A．To support an argument. B．To make comparison. C．To show cause and effect. D．To group related ideas. 10．What is the main impact of tourism on farmers based on the text? A．Increased opportunities. B．Improved work-life balance. C．Transformed livelihood. D．Enhanced social status. 11．What may determine the future of tourism? A．Cultural diversity. B．Off-track destinations. C．Stable market. D．Strengthened management. 【答案】8．C 9．A 10．C 11．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了随着旅游业需求的快速增长，旅游业的开发也加速发展，但过度开发对环境和人们的生活以及旅游业的发展带来了负面的影响。随着人们对旅游业的认识的提高，应注意旅游业和环境保护及经济的协调发展，这样旅游业才有美好的前途。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as ‘the last paradise on earth’.(人们可能会认为，旅游业日益增长的需求只会给接待度假者的国家带来好处。事实上，度假业的长期前景被描绘成一幅美好的画面。每个月都有新旅馆在某处落成。而且每个月都会有一个被岩石环绕的太平洋岛屿被宣传为“地球上最后的天堂”)”可知，划线的句子暗示了旅游业的发展潜在的缺点。故选C。 9．推理判断题。根据第二段“However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. Overcrowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal. Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most in a rush to make quick money. In recent years, Nepal’s forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise, with the consequent destruction of precious trees and plants.(然而，这种增长的规模和速度似乎会破坏游客想要享受的东西。过度拥挤的海滩和不计其数的酒店组成的混凝土丛林已经开始失去吸引力。那些没有旅游经验的国家在急于赚钱的过程中受害最大。近年来，尼泊尔的森林充满了野生动物和稀有花卉，被游客视为又一个未被破坏的天堂，随之而来的是珍贵的树木和植物遭到破坏)”可知，作者在第2段提到“尼泊尔”来支持论点。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multinational organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn’t happier in his village working his own land.(曾经的农民现在是一些跨国组织的仆人；他不再是自己的主人了。曾经是他的背承受着疼痛；现在，他的笑容被利用了。毫无疑问，他在想，在自己的村子里种地是不是更快乐)”可知，旅游业对农民的主要影响是生计改变。故选C。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit.(未来十年，旅游业的发展方式将决定它的命运，也将决定我们都想去旅游的国家的命运)”可知，加强管理会决定旅游业的未来。故选D。 （十五） 【2023-2024学年福建省福建师范大学附属中学高二下学期7月期末】As most Americans spend at least 50% of their food budget dining out, public criticism falls on restaurants to help consumers make healthier food choices. The Menu Labeling Final Rule has come into effect, requiring restaurants with more than 20 locations to show the calories of food on menus. By representing these values in a discrepant way — using physically larger numbers on the page for lower-calorie options, and smaller numbers for high-calorie foods — businesses can shift customers’ preferences toward healthier food, according to Ruiying Cai from the Washington State University. In their study, Cai and her colleagues asked participants to choose between a less healthy item and a healthier option after randomly assigning them to two groups. In the first group, calorie counts and font sizes rose and fell together. In the second group, the size became larger as the calorie count fell. Researchers also asked participants questions to assess their health-consciousness. Results showed participants in the second group, who saw low calorie counts printed in large sizes, were more likely to adopt the healthier option. Moreover, less health- conscious participants were the most affected, while people with more health awareness were less influenced since they already favored healthier food. This research adjusted customer behaviors by creating a Stroop effect. Named after psychologist J. Ridley Stroop, the Stroop effect refers to a delay in reaction to mismatch in its classic form. For example, if the word “purple” is written in green, it takes respondents longer time to identify the color than if the word and the color match. Similarly, the effect is observed when the physical size of the number does not match its number in this study. “Restaurants are interested in encouraging customers to make healthier choices,” Cai said. However, simply labeling the food as healthy may not have the intended effect. “Healthy food items could be profitable for restaurants, but whenever a ‘healthy’ label is attached, people may assume it does not taste good,” she explained. “We’re trying to provide restaurants with indirect suggestions, rather than saying it out loud.” 9．What does the underlined word “discrepant” in paragraph 2mean? A．Creative. B．Relative C．Conflicting D．Misleading 10．Which of the following type of customers would be affected most from the research? A．Strict diet followers. B．Convenience food fans. C．Homema de meal lovers. D．Health magazine readers. 11．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The significance of research results. B．The measurement of response delays. C．The psychological basis of the study design. D．The influential variations of the Stroop effect. 12．Which of the following might be Cai’s suggestion for restaurants? A．Use font magic to drive healthier choices. B．Pay more attention to the taste of the food. C．Create a quiet dining atmosphere for customers. D．Attach “healthy” labels to the food on the menu. 【答案】9．C 10．B 11．C 12．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究——菜单上标记热量多少的数字大小是如何影响顾客对食物的选择的。 9．词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词后的内容“using physically larger numbers on the page for lower-calorie options, and smaller numbers for high-calorie foods”（在页面上使用较大的数字表示低卡路里的选项，而使用较小的数字表示高卡路里的食物）可知，这是对 discrepant way的解释，用大数字表示低卡路里，小数字表示高卡路里，这是一种相冲突的方式，故推知discrepant应表示“矛盾的，相差的”，与Conflicting同义。故选C项。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Moreover, less health- conscious participants were the most affected, while people with more health awareness were less influenced since they already favored healthier food.”（此外，健康意识较弱的参与者受影响最大，而健康意识较强的人受影响较小，因为他们已经喜欢更健康的食物。）说明健康意识较弱的人受影响最大，而健康意识较弱的人通常是方便食物的爱好者。故选B项。 11．主旨大意题。根据第五段“This research adjusted customer behaviors by creating a Stroop effect. Named after psychologist J. Ridley Stroop, the Stroop effect refers to a delay in reaction to mismatch in its classic form. For example, if the word “purple” is written in green, it takes respondents longer time to identify the color than if the word and the color match. Similarly, the effect is observed when the physical size of the number does not match its number in this study.”（本研究通过创造斯特鲁普效应来调整顾客行为。以心理学家J. Ridley Stroop的名字命名，斯特鲁普效应指的是对不匹配的反应延迟。例如，如果单词“紫色”是用绿色书写的，那么受访者识别颜色的时间要比单词和颜色匹配的时间长。同样，在本研究中，当数字的实际大小与其数字不匹配时，也会观察到这种效应。）可知，本段主要介绍了该研究应用斯特鲁普效应来研究顾客行为，该效应是设计该研究的心理学基础。故选C项。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Restaurants are interested in encouraging customers to make healthier choices,” Cai said. However, simply labeling the food as healthy may not have the intended effect. “Healthy food items could be profitable for restaurants, but whenever a ‘healthy’ label is attached, people may assume it does not taste good,” she explained. “We’re trying to provide restaurants with indirect suggestions, rather than saying it out loud.””（“餐馆有兴趣鼓励顾客做出更健康的选择，”Cai说。然而，仅仅给食品贴上健康标签可能不会产生预期的效果。她解释说:“健康食品可以为餐馆带来利润，但只要贴上‘健康’的标签，人们就会认为它味道不好。”“我们试图为餐厅提供间接的建议，而不是大声说出来。”）可知，她认为给食物贴上‘健康’的标签反而会适得其反，并不能鼓励顾客去选择它，餐馆应该寻求间接的方法。再根据第四段第一句“Results showed participants in the second group, who saw low calorie counts printed in large sizes, were more likely to adopt the healthier option.”（结果显示，第二组看到印有大尺寸低卡路里标签的参与者更有可能选择更健康的食物。）说明了食物标签上字体的大小会影响人们对健康食物的选择。由此推测，Cai提到的“indirect suggestions”指的就是餐馆可以利用字体的魔力来推动顾客更健康的食物选择。故选A项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$