专题04 阅读理解之说明文二 (安徽专用)-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

专题04 阅读理解之说明文二 （一） 【2023-2024学年安徽省六安第一中学高二下学期7月期末】Nobody likes to feel negative emotions: Anger, jealousy and regret can all be overwhelming. In fact, we dislike feeling negative emotions so much that some of us will do anything to avoid them, from adopting a sense of denial to turning to food or work as a distraction. Deep down we know that we can’t be joyful all the time, so why do we have such a problem with the less-than-favorable feelings? It’s natural for people to avoid or suppress negative emotions. We are biologically programmed above all else to survive, to keep ourselves safe; therefore, anything that our brain perceives as something out of our comfort zone, something that might harm us in any way is usually avoided. This is the default in-built programming we have inherited from our ancestors. However, when we do, things don’t always work out well for us. “When we bury our emotions, they inevitably end up reappearing elsewhere further down the line,” says Dr. Elena Touroni, a consultant psychologist of The Chelsea Psychology Clinic. “Burying them in this way can cause a whole host of different issues and symptoms such as headaches and anxiety.” Not only can burying our less-desirable emotions impact our well-being, but it also prevents us from enjoying the well-being rewards coming along with these emotions. Actually, it’s a sign of emotional well-being to be able to acknowledge and stay with the uncomfortable feelings instead of pushing them away or denying them. Negative emotions can be wonderful signposts if we pay attention to them. For example, a feeling of dread, uncertainty or fear in any working environment might be a great sign that you need to start to consider changing that environment. Our emotions are a big part of being human and they serve an important function—even the difficult ones. As Elena says: “Without negative emotions, we would struggle to know our boundaries, how to keep ourselves safe, what hurts us or makes us happy. They can guide us toward making decisions that serve us in the long term.” 8．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The features of negative emotions. B．The definition of negative emotions. C．The causes of avoiding negative emotions. D．The methods of avoiding negative emotions. 9．What does Dr. Elena Touroni suggest? A．Keeping a positive attitude. B．Ignoring the negative emotion. C．Taking care of the physical condition. D．Acknowledging the uncomfortable feelings. 10．Why is the working environment mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To explain function of negative emotions. B．To stress the benefits of negative emotions. C．To prove the powerful influence of negative emotions. D．To remind that negative emotions can change your job. 11．What can be the best title for the passage? A．The Good Side of Negative Emotions B．The Reasons for Negativity C．The Influence of Negative Emotions D．The Ways to Embrace Negative Emotions 【答案】8．C 9．D 10．B 11．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文通过阐述隐藏负面情绪所带来的坏结果和接受负面情绪所带来的好处来论证负面情绪是有益的。 8．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“It’s natural for people to avoid or suppress negative emotions. We are biologically programmed above all else to survive, to keep ourselves safe;(人们避免或抑制负面情绪是很自然的。从生物学角度来说，我们的首要任务是生存，保护自己的安全)”和“This is the default in-built programming we have inherited from our ancestors.(这是我们从祖先那里继承来的默认内置编程)” 可知，本段主要阐述人们会避开消极情绪的原因。故选C项。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段中““When we bury our emotions, they inevitably end up reappearing elsewhere further down the line,” says Dr. Elena Touroni, a consultant psychologist of The Chelsea Psychology Clinic. “Burying them in this way can cause a whole host of different issues and symptoms such as headaches and anxiety.(“切尔西心理诊所的咨询心理学家埃琳娜·图罗尼博士说:“当我们把情绪埋藏起来时，它们不可避免地会在以后的其他地方再次出现。”“以这种方式埋葬它们会导致一系列不同的问题和症状，如头痛和焦虑。”)”和最后一段中“Without negative emotions, we would struggle to know our boundaries, how to keep ourselves safe, what hurts us or makes us happy. They can guide us toward making decisions that serve us in the long term.(如果没有负面情绪，我们很难知道自己的界限，如何保证自己的安全，什么会伤害我们，什么会让我们快乐。它们可以引导我们做出对我们长期有益的决定)”可知，隐藏负面情绪是有害的。由此推知，Dr. Elena Touroni认为我们应该面对并接受负面情绪。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Actually, it’s a sign of emotional well-being to be able to acknowledge and stay with the uncomfortable feelings instead of pushing them away or denying them. Negative emotions can be wonderful signposts if we pay attention to them.(事实上，能够承认并忍受不舒服的感觉，而不是把它们推开或否认，这是情感健康的标志。如果我们注意的话，消极情绪可以是很好的路标)”可知，承认负面情绪（存在），与负面情绪共存而不是拒绝或推开它，是情感健康的标志；接着通过工作环境的例子详细说明上文的论点：负面情绪可以影射情感健康。由此推知，提及工作环境是为了强调负面情绪的好处。故选B项。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合最后一段中“Without negative emotions, we would struggle to know our boundaries, how to keep ourselves safe, what hurts us or makes us happy. They can guide us toward making decisions that serve us in the long term.(如果没有负面情绪，我们很难知道自己的界限，如何保证自己的安全，什么会伤害我们，什么会让我们快乐。它们可以引导我们做出对我们长期有益的决定)”可知，本文通过阐述隐藏负面情绪所带来的坏结果和接受负面情绪所带来的好处来论证负面情绪是有益于我们的。因此A项“消极情绪好的一面”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A项。 （二） 【2023-2024学年安徽省马鞍山市高二下学期期末】With the development of new media, the promotion of Mandarin (普通话) and the wave of globalization, the range of application for dialects (方言) has become smaller. Dialects, to some extent, are a culmination (积淀) of local culture. If they are not protected and healthily passed down, this “crisis” might lead to their disappearance. However, since the concept of “language resource” was introduced, the status of dialects has been given renewed importance. Dialects are a living form of intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) . As the saying goes, “It’s better to sell ancestral (祖先的) land than to abandon ancestral language.” For the recording and preservation of dialects, creating a language environment in which they can enjoy a period of growth and success is vitally important. Folk songs, local operas, dialect courses, community involvement, technological methods, and literary and artistic works can all play significant roles in the protection and inheritance (传承) of dialects. Cao Xueqin was a native of Nanjing, and the Jia family in Dream of the Red Chamber is a distinguished family from Jinling (ancient Nanjing). According to statistics, there are over 1,000 instances of Nanjing dialect in the masterpiece. Shen Congwen’s Border Town vividly portrays a “world of Western Hunan”. The locals refer to copper coins as “tongzi”, the addition of “zi” suggesting it’s just a small object. This reflects the Western Hunan people’s indifference to material wealth. In Lao She’s Rickshaw Boy, the “er” sound is everwhere, full of Beijing flavor. In fact, the literary forms of Chinese dialect have been around since ancient times and are vivid with various flavors. Never forget your dialect and never forget the accent of your hometown. 8．What has happened to dialects since the introduction of the concept of language resource? A．They have been applied less. B．They have gained new recognition. C．They have completely disappeared. D．They have promoted the spread of Mandarin. 9．What does the saying underlined in paragraph 2 imply? A．Ancestral language should be preserved. B．Ancestral land should be developed. C．Ancestral language is a fixed form. D．Ancestral land is more meaningful. 10．Why does the writer refer to the dialects in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber? A．To illustrate the complicated relationship. B．To demonstrate their extensive usage. C．To convey the distinctive Beijing culture. D．To describe the personalities of the characters. 11．In which column of a magazine can you find the text probably? A．Entertainment. B．Culture. C．Health. D．Economy. 【答案】8．B 9．A 10．B 11．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了方言的重要性，以及如何保护和传承方言。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“However, since the concept of “language resource” was introduced, the status of dialects has been given renewed importance.”（然而，自从“语言资源”的概念被引入以来，方言的地位得到了重新的重视。）可推知，自从引入语言资源的概念以来，方言得到了新的认可。故选B。 9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It’s better to sell ancestral land than to abandon ancestral language.”（宁可卖祖先的土地，也不要放弃祖先的语言。）可推知，这句话暗示的是祖先的语言应该被保留。故选A。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Cao Xueqin was a native of Nanjing, and the Jia family in Dream of the Red Chamber is a distinguished family from Jinling (ancient Nanjing). According to statistics, there are over 1,000 instances of Nanjing dialect in the masterpiece.”（曹雪芹是南京人，红楼梦中的贾家是金陵（古南京）的显赫家族。据统计，这部杰作中有超过1000处的南京方言。）可推知，作者引用《红楼梦》中的方言是为了展示其广泛的使用。故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据全文内容以及最后一段“In fact, the literary forms of Chinese dialect have been around since ancient times and are vivid with various flavors. Never forget your dialect and never forget the accent of your hometown.”（事实上，中国方言的文学形式自古就有，而且生动多样。不要忘记你的方言，不要忘记你家乡的口音。）可知，本文主要讨论了方言的重要性，以及如何保护和传承方言，这些内容更符合文化栏目。故选B。 （三） 【2023-2024学年安徽省芜湖市高二下学期期末】The tea that has delighted and fascinated the world for thousands of years has finally received top-level global recognition as a shared cultural treasure of mankind. China’s traditional tea-making was added on Tuesday to the intangible cultural heritage list of UNESCO. The traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China consist of knowledge, skills and practices concerning the management of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, manual(手工的)processing, drinking and sharing of tea. Since ancient times, Chinese people have been planting, picking, making and drinking tea. Tea producers have developed six categories of tea: green, yellow, dark, white, oolong and black teas. Together with reprocessed teas, such as flower-scented teas, there are over 2, 000 tea products in China. Tea-related customs are not only found across the country, but also influence the rest of the world through the ancient Silk Road and trade routes. Tea is ubiquitous in Chinese people’s daily life, as steeped(浸泡)or boiled tea is served in families, workplaces, tea houses, restaurants and temples, etc. It is also an important part of socialization and ceremonies such as weddings and sacrifices. The practice of greeting guests and building relationships within families and among neighbors through tea- related activities is common to multiple ethnic groups, providing a sense of shared identity and continuity for the communities. In China, 44 registered national-level intangible cultural heritage entries are related to tea. There are over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities that have set up majors in tea science or tea culture, resulting in over 3,000 graduates specializing in tea production and art every year, according to the ministry. China now has 43 items on the intangible cultural heritage list, continuing to be the most enlisted country in the world. 8．What can be learnt from the passage? A．Chinese producers developed 44 categories of tea. B．Tea is quite popular with people all over the country. C．More than 2,000 tea products could be found in China. D．There’ re about 300 graduates specializing in tea production every year. 9．What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” probably mean? A．rare B．common C．temporary D．available 10．How does the author emphasize the promotion of tea culture in Paragraph 4? A．By listing figures. B．By making definitions. C．By giving examples. D．By making comparisons. 11．In which kind of book may this text appear? A．A textbook. B．A travel journal. C．A story book. D．A cultural magazine. 【答案】8．C 9．B 10．A 11．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。中国传统文化——茶道被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录，文章介绍了中国茶叶产品种类和传统加工工艺及相关茶文化等。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Together with reprocessed teas, such as flower-scented teas, there are over 2, 000 tea products in China.(再加上花茶等再加工茶叶，中国有2000多种茶叶产品)”可知，在中国可以找到2000多种茶叶产品。故选C。 9．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“as steeped(浸泡)or boiled tea is served in families, workplaces, tea houses, restaurants and temples, etc. It is also an important part of socialization and ceremonies such as weddings and sacrifices.(泡茶或煮茶在家庭、工作场所、茶馆、餐馆和寺庙等场所都有供应。它也是社交和婚礼、祭祀等仪式的重要组成部分)”可推知，茶在中国人每日生活中是常见的，划线词与common意思相近。故选B。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In China, 44 registered national-level intangible cultural heritage entries are related to tea. There are over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities that have set up majors in tea science or tea culture, resulting in over 3,000 graduates specializing in tea production and art every year, according to the ministry.(在中国，有44个国家级非物质文化遗产项目与茶有关。据该部称，有40多所职业院校和80多所大学开设了茶学或茶文化专业，每年有3000多名专业从事茶叶生产和艺术的毕业生)”可知，本段通过列数字来强调茶文化的推广。故选A。 11．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The tea that has delighted and fascinated the world for thousands of years has finally received top-level global recognition as a shared cultural treasure of mankind. China’s traditional tea-making was added on Tuesday to the intangible cultural heritage list of UNESCO.(几千年来一直令世界欣喜和着迷的茶终于作为人类共同的文化瑰宝获得了全球顶级的认可。周二，中国传统的茶道被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了中国传统文化——茶道被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录，同时介绍了中国茶叶产品种类和传统加工工艺及相关茶文化等，因此，本文可能出自一本文化杂志。故选D。 （四） 【2023-2024学年安徽省芜湖市高二下学期期末】Have you ever imagined a tennis lesson from one of the world’s greatest tennis players at your local court? This dream came true for two young players, who got to train with 20-year-old superstar Emma Raducanu after she appeared as a hologram (全息图) — a photographic recording of the image. While Sam Clague, 14, and T’nae Diamond Paisley, 12, were both in London, the British number one was in Abu Dhabi. During the world’s first holographic lesson, Ms Raducanu’s avatar (头像) appeared to feed balls to the players and gave live feedback on their shots, like “that was fast” and “there was lots of topspin (上旋) on that”. Even Sam said he thought she had been pre-recorded at first until she spoke with him directly. Their holographic training session offers a glimpse into how advancing technology could revolutionize tennis coaching, according to Dr Ian Pearson. Dr Pearson thinks that mixed reality headsets will soon allow tennis players to feel they are playing in unusual virtual environments, like on a space station or the middle of a lake. Through 5G, the future of tennis will see increased interaction between real life tennis courts and the rich imagination we see in computer games — playing whenever, wherever and whoever you want. Full sensory (全感官) virtual reality could even place the viewer inside the tennis player’s shoes in real time. Dr Pearson said, “By 2030, with active skin technology, the playing styles and even the sensations of top-level players could be captured, so that anyone could experience how it actually felt to play that game through full sensory virtual reality.” Finally, sportswear made from smart materials could allow for a digital coach powered by artificial intelligence (AI) to provide feedback on a player’s form. Dr Pearson said, “AI-controlled suits made from smart materials, such as fabrics with sensors, can help players find the perfect stroke when hitting or returning a serve by quickly learning the muscle memory of a flawless forehand. Using direct feedback from friendly virtual AI coaches, new players can develop and learn much more quickly.” 8．What did Ms Raducanu do in the first holographic lesson? A．Give players a real time guidance. B．Require players to follow her shots. C．Record coaching contents in advance. D．Analyze techniques after the holographic lesson. 9．What can full sensory virtual reality make viewers do? A．Increase their imagination of sports. B．Take the place of top level players. C．Experience the feeling of players on the spot. D．Have a sense of playing in an unusual place. 10．What’s Dr Pearson’s attitude towards virtual AI coaches? A．Critical. B．Skeptical. C．Favorable. D．Cautious. 11．What might be the best title for the text? A．The future of tennis coaching. B．The threat from AI to coaches. C．The first live coaching online. D．The appearance of digital tennis partners. 【答案】8．A 9．C 10．C 11．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍全息训练课程让人们得以一窥先进的技术如何给网球教练带来革命性的变化。 8．细节理解题。根据第三段“During the world’s first holographic lesson, Ms Raducanu’s avatar (头像) appeared to feed balls to the players and gave live feedback on their shots, like ‘that was fast’and ‘there was lots of topspin (上旋) on that’. (在世界上第一堂全息课程中，Raducanu的虚拟形象似乎会给球员传球，并对他们的击球给出实时反馈，比如‘这个球很快’和‘这上面有很多上旋’。)”可知，Raducanu在第一节全息课上给球员一个实时的指导。故选A项。 9． 细节理解题。根据第六段中“Dr Pearson said, ‘By 2030, with active skin technology, the playing styles and even the sensations of top-level players could be captured, so that anyone could experience how it actually felt to play that game through full sensory virtual reality.’ (Pearson博士说：‘到2030年，有了活性皮肤技术，顶级玩家的游戏风格甚至感觉都可以被捕捉到，这样任何人都可以通过全感官虚拟现实体验玩游戏的真实感受。’)”可知，全感官虚拟现实能让观众现场体验球员的感受。故选C项。 10． 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Dr Pearson said, ‘AI-controlled suits made from smart materials, such as fabrics with sensors, can help players find the perfect stroke when hitting or returning a serve by quickly learning the muscle memory of a flawless forehand. Using direct feedback from friendly virtual AI coaches, new players can develop and learn much more quickly.’ (Pearson 博士说：‘由智能材料制成的人工智能控制套装，如带传感器的织物，可以通过快速学习完美正手的肌肉记忆，帮助玩家在击球或回发球时找到完美的击球方式。通过友好的虚拟人工智能教练的直接反馈，新玩家可以更快地发展和学习。’)”可知，Pearson博士认为虚拟人工智能教练能使新球员更快地成长和学习，所以他的态度是赞成的。故选C项。 11． 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第四段中“Their holographic training session offers a glimpse into how advancing technology could revolutionize tennis coaching, according to Dr Ian Pearson. (Ian Pearson博士说，他们的全息训练课程让人们得以一窥先进的技术如何给网球教练带来革命性的变化。)”可知，文章讲述了未来先进的技术如何给网球训练带来革命性的变化，所以A项The future of tennis coaching. (网球教练的未来。)是本文的最佳标题。故选A项。 （五） 【2023-2024学年安徽省阜阳市高二下学期7月期末】Over the past few years, libraries and archives (档案馆) across the world have worked to digitize their resources. Many have been investing heavily in expanding digital collections for their records. A recent attack on the British Library (BL) has raised some questions about it. On Oct. 28, 2023, the British Library’s website was hacked, making it nonfunctional for several weeks. The library didn’t restore its home page until Dec. 19, and it was a month before its basic catalogue was searchable again. The bulk (主体) of the library’s online resources will take much longer to restore, leaving students and scholars with research plans across the world in trouble. Digitization has been a powerful weapon in the battle against both intentional destruction and the neglect of records. It helped scholars preserve the records while also allowing understaffed libraries to preserve materials suffering from the degradation (毁坏) of neglect. It enables users to access records from all over the world, helping them overcome the barriers of geography and the costs of travel. Digitization can help us hold ourselves to account for the past. The hack at the British Library, however, exposes the vulnerabilities (易受打击) of digitization. It forces us to ask: what happens to our records if a cyberattack severs us from our digital records? Since the BL has physical (if somewhat outdated) catalogues, restoring access for scholars won’t be a mission impossible. But it is still extremely expensive. So what happens if digitized collections in other countries are attacked in the same way? As with the BL, it could prevent our access to physical records by destroying digital catalogues and reference material. That means even though the original physical records may still exist, we may struggle to access or use them effectively. And repairing the damage could require resources that the institutions in question might not have. Digitization has been a transformative tool for scholars and a valuable shield against the dangers that threaten paper-based historical records. But it’s time to consider the vulnerabilities of digital repositories as well. Fires, theft, and physical neglect are no longer the only major threats archives face: now we must also add ransomware (勒索软件) to the list. 8．What have many libraries and archives focused on recently? A．Building new facilities. B．Researching their records. C．Expanding digital collections. D．Collecting historical materials. 9．What impact did the cyberattack against BL have on researchers? A．Increased workloads. B．Disturbed research plans. C．Improved computer skills. D．Reduced research funding. 10．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The challenges faced by libraries and archives. B．The benefits of digitization in preserving records. C．The importance of physical record-keeping methods. D．The long-term battle between degradation and restoration. 11．What does the author suggest about the future of digital collections? A．They will face new threats different from physical ones. B．They will become the main source of historical records. C．They will reduce the need for physical archives. D．They will require less funding for maintenance. 【答案】8．C 9．B 10．B 11．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了图书馆和档案馆近年来致力于数字化他们的资源，但是英国图书馆的网络攻击事件暴露了数字化的脆弱性，我们需要考虑数字存储库的脆弱性。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Many have been investing heavily in expanding digital collections for their records(许多公司一直在大力投资，扩大他们唱片的数字收藏)”可知，最近许多图书馆和档案馆关注的是扩大数字馆藏。故选C项。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“The bulk of the library’s online resources will take much longer to restore, leaving students and scholars with research plans across the world in trouble(图书馆的大部分在线资源将需要更长的时间来恢复，这将使在世界各地有研究计划的学生和学者陷入困境)”可知， 针对大英图书馆（BL）的网络攻击对研究人员的影响是扰乱研究计划。故选B项。 10．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Digitization has been a powerful weapon in the battle against both intentional destruction and the neglect of records. It helped scholars preserve the records while also allowing understaffed libraries to preserve materials suffering from the degradation (毁坏) of neglect. It enables users to access records from all over the world, helping them overcome the barriers of geography and the costs of travel. Digitization can help us hold ourselves to account for the past.(在与故意破坏和忽视记录的斗争中，数字化一直是一种强大的武器。它帮助学者保存记录，同时也允许人手不足的图书馆保存因被忽视而毁坏的材料。它使用户能够访问来自世界各地的记录，帮助他们克服地理障碍和旅行成本。数字化可以帮助我们对过去负责。它帮助学者保存记录，同时也允许人手不足的图书馆保存因被忽视而毁坏的材料。它使用户能够访问来自世界各地的记录，帮助他们克服地理障碍和旅行成本。)”可知，本段主要讲了数字化在保存记录方面的好处。故选B项。 11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Fires, theft, and physical neglect are no longer the only major threats archives face: now we must also add ransomware to the list(火灾、盗窃和物理忽视不再是档案面临的唯一主要威胁：现在我们还必须将勒索软件添加到列表中)”可推知，对数字化收藏的未来作者认为，它们将面临不同于物质威胁的新威胁。故选A项。 （六） 【2023-2024学年安徽省省十联考高二下学期7月期末】Researchers at the Université de Montreal have found that our favorite music, particularly the emotions brought on by listening to bittersweet music, might be an effective, drug-free way of lowering our perception of pain. Music has long been known to have a hypoalgesic effect, meaning that it causes a decreased sensitivity to painful stimuli (刺激物). But to test which kind of music was most effective for reducing pain, 63 participants received moderately painful heat stimuli to the inner forearm, resulting in a sensation similar to a hot teacup being held against the skin. The pain was paired with short pieces of music, each lasting around seven minutes. Listening to their favorite music strongly reduced pain intensity and unpleasantness in participants, compared to control tracks or silence. Unfamiliar relaxing tracks did not have the same effect. The researchers then interviewed participants about their favorite songs and conducted an analysis about four themes related to categories of emotional experience: energizing/activating, happy/cheerful, calming/relaxing, and moving/bittersweet. They wanted to see whether emotion themes could modulate the hypoalgesic effect of favorite music. “We found that reports of moving or bittersweet emotional experiences seem to result in lower ratings of pain unpleasantness, which was driven by more intense enjoyment of the music and more musical chills,” said Valevicius. While they don’t define “musical chills” in their paper, the researchers point to previous neurological studies that suggest a dopamine (多巴胺) pathway in the brain may be fundamental to both the enjoyment of music and music-induced chills. In some people, the researchers say, chills can appear as a tingling sensation, shivers, or goosebumps. 28．What is the common view about music? A．It has a pain-decreasing effect. B．It can enhance brain development. C．It is a universal language of mankind. D．It may reduce feelings of pressure and depression. 29．What does the underlined word “modulate” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Ruin. B．Improve. C．Judge. D．Adjust. 30．What can be learned about musical chills? A．They will be further studied by researchers. B．They have been defined in previous studies. C．They may be related to dopamine in the brain. D．They contribute little to the enjoyment of music. 31．What’s the text mainly about? A．Listening to music can make us more focused. B．Music is a powerful tool for boosting our mood. C．Emotional pain has an impact on our physical health. D．Our favorite bittersweet music may help relieve pain. 【答案】28．A 29．D 30．C 31．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现听最喜爱的音乐特别是凄美的音乐可能会缓解人们的疼痛感。 28．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Music has long been known to have a hypoalgesic effect, meaning that it causes a decreased sensitivity to painful stimuli (刺激物).(人们早就知道音乐有镇痛作用，这意味着它会降低对疼痛刺激的敏感性)”可知，人们认为音乐具有减轻疼痛的效果。故选A项。 29．词义猜测题。划线词上文“The researchers then interviewed participants about their favorite songs and conducted an analysis about four themes related to categories of emotional experience: energizing/activating, happy/cheerful, calming/relaxing, and moving/bittersweet.(然后，研究人员就他们最喜欢的歌曲采访了参与者，并对与情绪体验类别相关的四个主题进行了分析：激励/激活、快乐/愉快、平静/放松、感动/苦乐参半)”介绍研究人员对参与者进行了关于他们最喜欢的歌曲的采访，并对与情绪体验类别相关的四个主题进行了分析。结合下文“We found that reports of moving or bittersweet emotional experiences seem to result in lower ratings of pain unpleasantness, which was driven by more intense enjoyment of the music and more musical chills(我们发现，感人或苦乐参半的情感体验报告似乎会导致较低的痛苦和不愉快评级，这是由更强烈的音乐享受和更多的音乐寒战所驱动的)”可知，“They wanted to see whether emotion themes could modulate the hypoalgesic effect of favorite music.(他们想看看情感主题是否能modulate喜爱音乐的镇痛效果。)”指的是：研究人员想知道情感主题是否能“调节”参与者最喜爱的音乐所带来的镇痛效果，modulate意为“调节”，与Adjust意思相近。故选D项。 30．细节理解题。根据最后一段内容“While they don’t define ‘musical chills’ in their paper, the researchers point to previous neurological studies that suggest a dopamine (多巴胺) pathway in the brain may be fundamental to both the enjoyment of music and music-induced chills.(虽然他们没有在论文中定义‘音乐寒战’，但研究人员指出，之前的神经学研究表明，大脑中的多巴胺途径可能是音乐享受和音乐引起的寒战的基础)”可知，音乐寒战可能与大脑中的多巴胺有关。故选C项。 31．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Researchers at the Université de Montreal have found that our favorite music, particularly the emotions brought on by listening to bittersweet music, might be an effective, drug-free way of lowering our perception of pain.(蒙特利尔大学的研究人员发现，我们最喜欢的音乐，尤其是听苦乐参半的音乐所带来的情感，可能是一种有效的、无毒的方式来降低我们对疼痛的感知)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现听最喜爱的音乐特别是凄美的音乐可能会缓解人们的疼痛感。故选D项。 （七） 【2023-2024学年安徽省芜湖市高二下学期期末】“WHAT IS CIVILISATION?” asked Kenneth Clark 50 years ago in the seminal (开创性的) BBC series on the subject. “I don’t know, and I can’t define it in abstract terms, yet. But I think I can recognize it when I see it, and I’m looking at it now.” And he turned to gesture behind him, at the soaring Gothic towers and flying buttresses of Notre Dame (巴黎圣母院). It seems inhuman to care more about a building than about people. That the sight of Notre Dame going up in flames has attracted so much more attention than floods in southern Africa which killed over 1,000 arouses understandable feelings of guilt. Yet the widespread, intense grief at the sight of the cathedral’s (大教堂) collapsing steeple (尖塔) is in fact profoundly human — and in a particularly 21st-century way. Familiarity breeds affection. A building on whose sunny steps you have rested, in front of which you have taken a selfie with your loved one, becomes a warm part of your memories and thus of yourself. That helps explain why China is in mourning — WeChat, young China’s principal (主要的) means of talking to itself, has been following the story. And it will be rebuilt. The effort to rebuild it will bring people together. Within 24 hours, €600m ($677m) had been raised from businesses and rich people, and a rash of crowdfunding campaigns started. Yet the emotions the sight aroused were less about the building itself than about what losing it might mean. Notre Dame is an expression of humanity at its collective best. Its survival through 850 years of political turbulence — through war, revolution and Nazi occupation — binds the present to the past. It will never be the same, but that is as it should be. As Victor Hugo wrote in “The Hunchback of Notre Dame”, a three-volume love-letter to the cathedral: “Great edifices (建筑物), like great mountains, are the work of centuries. Art is often transformed as it is being made… Time is the architect, the nation is the builder.” 12．What can we infer according to Paragraph 1? A．Kenneth Clark is a staff (职员) in BBC． B．Kenneth Clark believes that Notre Dame is a symbol of civilization. C．Civilization is so abstract that Kenneth Clark can’t recognise it. D．Notre Dame is the subject of the BBC series. 13．Why has the sight of Notre Dame going up in flames attracted so much attention according to the passage? A．Because the sunny steps in Notre Dame for people to rest on is impressive. B．Because Notre Dame has boosted the local economy. C．Because numerable people around the world has been there and left good memories. D．Because social media like WeChat in China help more people know it. 14．Which of the following can best explain the underlined word in Paragraph 4? A．current B．parties C．power D．disorder 15．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The essence (精髓) of Notre Dame will be lost if we rebuild it. B．It is difficult to rebuild Notre Dame. C．If it were not for the fire, Notre Dame would always stay the same. D．Notre Dame will change as time goes by even without the fire. 【答案】12．B 13．C 14．D 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了巴黎圣母院的烧毁以及回顾该建筑赋予人类的意义。对于巴黎圣母院的烧毁，人们普遍而强烈的悲痛是发自内心的，由此进一步论述了人们关心巴黎圣母院的原因。 12．推理判断题。由文章第一段“‘WHAT IS CIVILISATION?’ asked Kenneth Clark 50 years ago in the seminal (开创性的) BBC series on the subject. ‘I don’t know, and I can’t define it in abstract terms, yet. But I think I can recognize it when I see it, and I’m looking at it now.’ And he turned to gesture behind him, at the soaring Gothic towers and flying buttresses of Notre Dame (巴黎圣母院).(50年前，Kenneth Clark在英国广播公司关于这个主题的开创性系列节目中问道：‘什么是文明？我不知道，我还不能用抽象的术语来定义它。但我想当我看到它的时候我能认出它，我现在正在看它。’然后他转过身来，对着身后高耸的哥特式塔楼和圣母院的飞扶壁做手势。)”可知，Kenneth Clark认为圣母院是文明的象征。故选B项。 13．细节理解题。由文章第二段“Familiarity breeds affection. A building on whose sunny steps you have rested, in front of which you have taken a selfie with your loved one, becomes a warm part of your memories and thus of yourself. (熟悉会滋生感情。一座你在阳光明媚的台阶上休息，在它前面与你所爱的人自拍的建筑，会成为你记忆中温暖的一部分，也会成为你自己的一部分。)”可知，因为全世界无数的人都去过那里，留下了美好的回忆，所以圣母院着火的景象引起了人们的极大关注。故选C项。 14．词句猜测题。由第四段“Yet the emotions the sight aroused were less about the building itself than about what losing it might mean. Notre Dame is an expression of humanity at its collective best. Its survival through 850 years of political turbulence — through war, revolution and Nazi occupation — binds the present to the past.(然而，这一景象激起的情绪与其说是关于这座建筑本身，不如说是关于失去它可能意味着什么。圣母院体现了人类最美好的集体。它在850年的政治……中幸存下来——通过战争、革命和纳粹占领——将现在与过去联系在一起。)”中through war, revolution and Nazi occupation可知，这些是属于政治“动荡或者紊乱”，所以猜测turbulence表“动荡，紊乱”的意思。故选D项。 15．主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“It will never be the same, but that is as it should be. As Victor Hugo wrote in ‘The Hunchback of Notre Dame’, a three-volume love-letter to the cathedral:‘Great edifices (建筑物), like great mountains, are the work of centuries. Art is often transformed as it is being made… Time is the architect, the nation is the builder.’(它将永远不会一样，但这是应该的。正如维克多·雨果在写给大教堂的三卷本情书《巴黎圣母院》中所写：“伟大的建筑，就像伟大的山脉，是几个世纪的杰作。艺术往往在制作过程中发生变化……时间是建筑师，国家是建设者。”)”特别是第一句话可知，最后一段主要讲即使没有大火，圣母院也会随着时间的推移而改变。故选D项。 （八） 【2023-2024学年安徽省天一大联考高二下学期7月期末】When we think of evolution (进化), we think of a process that happens over hundreds or thousands of years. In recent research, a team led by Rick Relyea found a species of frog that has evolved over the course of merely 25 years. The adaptation was spurred on by something many assume is harmless: salt. “We’ve been applying salts to reduce car accidents in snowy and icy conditions in the United States for 80 years, and we currently apply four times more road salt than we did in the past,” said Relyea. “However, the number of studies on its impacts on our environment is relatively small.” “Amphibians (两栖动物) like to produce young in wetlands, which have smaller water volumes than lakes, so the salt concentrations there can build up to very high levels,” said Relyea. “In our study, the highest salt concentration was found in a wetland near a parking lot that’s been there for 25 years, where the salt concentrations are nearly 100 times higher than in pristine (原始的)wetlands. We found that over the course of just 10 generations, these wood frogs evolved a much higher salt tolerance.” The research team collected frog eggs from nine populations and allowed them to transform into tadpoles (蝌蚪). Then the team examined whether populations of tadpoles from more salt-polluted waters had evolved higher salt tolerance. Tadpoles collected from the saltiest wetland experienced a notably longer time until death when exposed to salt than the eight other populations collected from other areas close to roads and with varying levels of salt, suggesting an evolved tolerance. However, the frogs’ ability to adapt does not mean that we should expect them to survive if salt levels increase even more. Relyea hopes that insights gained from this study will help protect many species of plants and animals that are being exposed to salt pollution. “The fact that these amphibians rapidly evolved to deal with high salt levels suggests that we have time to avoid extinction, in this species and probably many other species,” said Relyea. 12．What does the underlined phrase “spurred on” in paragraph I mean? A．Encouraged. B．Delayed. C．Proved. D．Ruined. 13．What did Relyea’s team find in the wetland near a parking lot? A．It maintains its original condition. B．The wood frogs there are salt-resistant. C．It is a perfect place for amphibians to produce young. D．There are more amphibian species than in other places. 14．How does Relyea sound in the last paragraph? A．Confused. B．Curious. C．Hopeful. D．Proud. 15．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The evolution of amphibians. B．The problems salts bring to land. C．The influence salt has on animal evolution. D．The method we can take to avoid the extinction of frogs. 【答案】12．A 13．B 14．C 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究小组发现了一种进化了25年的青蛙。这种适应是由许多人认为无害的盐引起的。 12．词义猜测题。根据第一段中“In recent research, a team led by Rick Relyea found a species of frog that has evolved over the course of merely 25 years.”（在最近的研究中，瑞克·雷利亚领导的一个研究小组发现了一种进化了25年的青蛙。）以及划线单词句中“…by something many assume is harmless: salt.”（由许多人认为无害的东西……）由此可知，此处为这种适应是由许多人认为无害的东西激发的：盐。故可猜测划线短语spurred on为“激发”的意思，与选项A项Encouraged“鼓励，激发”意思相近。故选A项。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段中““In our study, the highest salt concentration was found in a wetland near a parking lot that’s been there for 25 years, where the salt concentrations are nearly 100 times higher than in pristine (原始的) wetlands. We found that over the course of just 10 generations, these wood frogs evolved a much higher salt tolerance.””（‘在我们的研究中，在一个停车场附近的湿地中发现了最高的盐浓度，这个湿地已经存在了25年，那里的盐浓度几乎是原始湿地的100倍。我们发现，在仅仅10代的过程中，这些林蛙进化出了更高的耐盐性。’）可知，雷利亚的团队在停车场附近的湿地发现那里的林蛙是耐盐的。故选B项。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Relyea hopes that insights gained from this study will help protect many species of plants and animals that are being exposed to salt pollution. “The fact that these amphibians rapidly evolved to deal with high salt levels suggests that we have time to avoid extinction, in this species and probably many other species,” said Relyea.”（雷利亚希望从这项研究中获得的见解将有助于保护许多受到盐污染的动植物物种。雷利亚说：‘这些两栖动物能够快速进化以应对高盐度环境，这表明我们有时间避免这个物种甚至可能是许多其他物种的灭绝， Relyea说。’）可推知，雷利亚是充满希望的，认为这些两栖动物能够快速进化以应对高盐度环境有时间避免这个物种甚至可能是许多其他物种的灭绝。故选C项。 15．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“When we think of evolution (进化), we think of a process that happens over hundreds or thousands of years. In recent research, a team led by Rick Relyea found a species of frog that has evolved over the course of merely 25 years. The adaptation was spurred on by something many assume is harmless: salt.”（当我们想到进化时，我们想到的是一个持续数百年或数千年的过程。在最近的研究中，瑞克·雷利亚领导的一个研究小组发现了一种进化了25年的青蛙。这种适应是由许多人认为无害的东西引起的：盐。）可知，这篇文章主要讲的是盐对动物进化的影响。故选C项。 （九） 【2023-2024学年安徽省安庆市等三市高二下学期7月期末】Plants can often tell when they’re in danger — by smell. But not all leaves can smell threats equally well. In corn plants, baby leaves do this best, new data showed. “They sense this — like OK, danger is at the corner, we better prepare,” says Lei Wang. He’s a plant biologist at the University of Ben in Switzerland. He and his colleagues shared the new findings in Current Biology. Many plants strengthen their chemical protection when they are about to be eaten by insects. One way plants senis such threats is through scent (气味). They can detect odor molecules (气味分子) floating through the air. Such odors may come from an insect’s saliva (唾液) or from nearby injured plants. But scientists don’t know which parts of plants sense danger. (Obviously, plants don’t have noses. ) And they know even less about what goes on inside plants for them to process: danger! Wang and his team set out to study this warning system in corn plants. But they ran into a problem. When exposed to “threat” scents, adult leaves didn’t respond much. The researchers turned to baby leaves instead. In the lab, young corn leaves seemed better able to sense danger than older ones. They responded more strongly to a common danger-signaling scent. (It smells like freshly cut grass. ) It’s not clear why young corn leaves smell trouble better than older ones do. Maybe it helps protect these more weak leaves. Or, since young leaves often grow at the top of a plant, they might better detect scents blowing from long distances. These questions will need more study. Wang hopes his research can help create smarter crops that are better at resisting insects. In the long run, that should reduce the need for pesticides. “My parents are farmers,” Wang says. “So this research is not just to satisfy my curiosity. I really want to solve some urgent questions in agriculture.” 12．What do plants detect through scent? A．Injuries of other plants. B．Saliva of nearby insects. C．Odor molecules in the air. D．Threats from their environment. 13．Why did Wang and his team turn to study baby leaves? A．Baby leaves were easier to study. B．Baby leaves were more likely to be hurt by threats. C．Adult leaves didn’t respond to “threat” scents at all. D．They can conduct the study more effectively. 14．What does Wang expect his research will lead to? A．The development of smarter pesticides. B．The creation of more insect-resistant crops. C．The production of stronger smelling crops. D．The improvement of farmers’ living conditions. 15．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To explain how plants detect threats. B．To introduce a new way of protecting plants. C．To report on a study about plants’ warning system. D．To discuss the importance of plant biology research. 【答案】12．D 13．D 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了植物如何通过气味感知威胁，特别是玉米植物的嫩叶在这方面表现得更为出色，同时还提到科学家对这一现象的研究，以及这一发现可能带来的农业应用前景。 12．细节理解题。根据第三段“Many plants strengthen their chemical protection when they are about to be eaten by insects. One way plants senis such threats is through scent (气味). They can detect odor molecules (气味分子) floating through the air. Such odors may come from an insect’s saliva (唾液) or from nearby injured plants.(许多植物在即将被昆虫吃掉时加强了它们的化学防护。植物识别这种威胁的一种方法是通过气味。它们可以探测到漂浮在空气中的气味分子。这种气味可能来自昆虫的唾液或附近受伤的植物。)”可知，植物通过气味感知威胁，它们可以检测到空气中漂浮的气味分子，这些气味可能来自昆虫的唾液或附近受伤的植物，由此可知，植物通过气味检测的是来自它们环境的威胁。故选D项。 13．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“When exposed to “threat” scents, adult leaves didn’t respond much. The researchers turned to baby leaves instead. In the lab, young corn leaves seemed better able to sense danger than older ones. They responded more strongly to a common danger-signaling scent.(当暴露于“威胁”气味时，成年树叶没有太大反应。研究人员转而研究幼叶。在实验室里，年轻的玉米叶片似乎比年老的玉米叶片更能感知危险。它们对一种常见的危险信号气味反应更强烈。)”可知，他们先研究成年叶子，成年叶子几乎没有反应，因此转而研究嫩叶，而嫩叶对危险有明显的反应；由此可知，选用嫩叶有助于他们更有效地开展研究。故选D项。 14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Wang hopes his research can help create smarter crops that are better at resisting insects.(王希望他的研究可以帮助创造更聪明的作物，更好地抵抗昆虫。)”可知，王希望他的研究能创造更聪明的作物来抵抗昆虫；由此可知，王希望他的研究能够创造出更抗虫的作物。故选B项。 15．推理判断题。根据首段“Plants can often tell when they’re in danger—by smell. But not all leaves can smell threats equally well. In corn plants, baby leaves do this best, new data showed.(植物通常可以通过气味判断自己是否处于危险之中。但并不是所有的叶子都能很好地闻到威胁。新数据显示，在玉米植株中，幼叶在这方面做得最好。)”以及下文中对该项研究的介绍和分析可知，文章主要报道了一项关于植物预警系统的研究，特别是玉米植物的嫩叶如何通过气味感知威胁，由此可知，文章的主要目的是报道这项研究。故选C项。 （十） 【2023-2024学年安徽省亳州市高二下学期7月期末】Scientists exploring the ocean floor in Antaretica have found the largest group of fish nests ever discovered. The huge area of nests came as a surprise, and will help scientists develop a more complete idea of the ocean food web in the area. In the south Weddell Sea, scientists discovered a group of roughly 60 million icefish nests on the ocean floor. Before this, the largest group of icefish nests ever found had about 60 nests. Researchers from Germany’s Alfred Wegener Institute on the research ship Polarstern were studying the ocean floor in Antaretica. To do this, they used a special device called OFOBS. The device collects information and takes pictures and video from 5 — 8 feet (1.5 — 2.5meters) above the sea floor. Lilian Boehringer, a research student, was the first to spot the nests. “They were everywhere,” she told the New York Times. During the first four-hour filming session, the scientists found over 16,000 nests. The researchers used OFOBS to make two more four-hour “dives”, trying to discover the limits of the nesting area. This allowed them to calculate that the nesting site covers at least 92 square miles (240 square kilometers). The scientists were studying the area because the temperatures there are slightly warmer than the areas around it. The water is still cold — barely above freezing — but that seems to be perfect for icefish. The nests scientists found were in the shape of a circle, and about 2.5 feet (75centimeters)across. Each nest held about 1,700 eggs. Most of the nests were being guarded by a male icefish. Researchers also spotted some dead icefish and some nests with no fish. Because of the massive numbers of nests found, the scientists believe the icefish must play a very important part in the ocean’s food cycle in the area. The researchers think the icefish are an important food source for Antarctica’s Weddell Seals. 12．What does the author want to explain in paragraph 2? A．How researchers found icefish nests. B．What the newly-found icefish nests looks. C．What icefish nests means to the ocean. D．Why icefish build the nests in the ocean. 13．The icefish build their nest in the south Weddell Sea because of its ________. A．depth B．purity C．area D．condition 14．What’s the significance of the find of icefish nests? A．It provides more evidences about icefish’s living habits. B．It helps scientists know more about the ocean food chain. C．It tells us the importance of protecting the big oceans. D．It helps the fishers get more information about fishing. 15．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Icefish’s Position in Ocean Food Cycle B．Further Studies about the Ocean Food Cycle C．The Largest Group of Fish Nests Discovered D．The Necessities for the Ocean Food Studies 【答案】12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。全文说明科学家在南威德尔海发现了迄今为止最大的冰鱼巢穴群，并研究了这些巢穴群对海洋食物链的影响。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段“In the south Weddell Sea, scientists discovered a group of roughly 60 million icefish nests on the ocean floor. Before this, the largest group of icefish nests ever found had about 60 nests. Researchers from Germany’s Alfred Wegener Institute on the research ship Polarstern were studying the ocean floor in Antaretica. To do this, they used a special device called OFOBS. The device collects information and takes pictures and video from 5-8 feet (1.5-2.5meters) above the sea floor. Lilian Boehringer, a research student, was the first to spot the nests. “They were everywhere,” she told the New York Times. During the first four-hour filming session, the scientists found over 16,000 nests.(在南威德尔海，科学家们在海底发现了大约6000万个冰鱼巢穴。在此之前，人们发现的最大的冰鱼巢群大约有60个。来自德国阿尔弗雷德·韦格纳研究所的研究人员在北极星号研究船上研究南极洲的海底。为了做到这一点，他们使用了一种叫做OFOBS的特殊设备。该设备从海底上方5-8英尺(1.5-2.5米)处收集信息，拍摄照片和视频。研究生莉莲·勃林格是第一个发现这些巢穴的人。“他们无处不在，”她告诉《纽约时报》。在头四个小时的拍摄过程中，科学家们发现了16000多个鸟巢)”可知，作者想在第二段解释研究人员是如何发现冰鱼巢穴的。故选A。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段“The scientists were studying the area because the temperatures there are slightly warmer than the areas around it. The water is still cold —barely above freezing—but that seems to be perfect for icefish.(科学家们之所以研究这个地区，是因为那里的温度比周围地区略高。水仍然很冷——刚刚高于冰点——但这似乎对冰鱼来说是完美的)”可知，冰鱼在南威德尔海筑巢是因为那里的环境。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Because of the massive numbers of nests found, the scientists believe the icefish must play a very important part in the ocean’s food cycle in the area.(由于发现了大量的巢穴，科学家们认为冰鱼在该地区的海洋食物循环中一定扮演着非常重要的角色)”可知，发现冰鱼窝的意义是帮助科学家更多地了解海洋食物链。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists exploring the ocean floor in Antaretica have found the largest group of fish nests ever discovered.(探索南极洲海底的科学家们发现了迄今为止发现的最大的鱼群)”结合全文说明科学家在南威德尔海发现了迄今为止最大的冰鱼巢穴群，并研究了这些巢穴群对海洋食物链的影响。可知，C选项“最大的鱼群被发现”最符合文章标题。故选C。 （十一） 【2023-2024学年安徽省阜阳第一中学高二下学期5月调研】Back in 1807, London became the first city on the planet to have a street lit up by gaslight lamps. For the city’s residents, it seemed like an extraordinary thing to have evening turned into a version of daytime. But more than two centuries later, artificial light has spread across so much of the planet that it has become a threat to us as well as the environment. The extent of light pollution is evidenced by a study in the journal Science Advances, in which researchers used measurements taken by satellites to study the artificial brightness of Earth’s surface at nighttime. They found the artificially lit outdoor area grew at a rate of 2.2% per year. But those increases are just part of the story. Christopher Kyba, a scientist at German Research Center, says the increasing transition to high-efficiency LED lamps for outdoor lighting, which were regarded by most people originally as a way to reduce our dependence upon fossil (化石的) fuels and slow climate change, may not be saving as much electricity as expected. The American Medical Association added that the wavelengths (波长) at which the lights operate control the hormone that helps us to sleep. “It is estimated that white LED lamps have a much greater impact on people’s sleep than the former streetlights.” Research shows that such impact may be a significant aspect inducing fatness and other physical disorders. Many species on Earth are active at night, and electric lighting, especially dusk to dawn lighting, represents damage to the environment of these species. A study in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, for example, found powerful beams of light from the National September 11 Memorial and Museum changed the flight paths and speed of 1.1 million migrating birds over a seven-day period alone. And in Florida, light pollution along beaches is disturbing sea turtles having babies, resulting in thousands of young animals’ dying each year. But perhaps the most obvious thing about light pollution is that much of it results from wasteful light that isn’t necessary, according to Kyba, who estimates that it could be reduced by five to ten times. “I think we should be asking as taxpayers (纳税人). Why are we paying for lights that shine uselessly into people’s windows and disturb their sleep?” 12．What did most people use to think of LED light s according to Paragraph 2? A．They would be beneficial to people's sleep. B．They could be used to reduce light pollution. C．They would contribute to serious global warming. D．They could make people depend less on fossil fuels. 13．What does the underlined word “inducing” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Causing. B．Marking. C．Preventing. D．Reducing. 14．Why did the author mention migrating birds and sea turtles in Paragraph 3? A．To present the sources of light pollution. B．To show the influence of light pollution on animals. C．To compare the sleeping habits of different animals. D．To highlight the strong adaptability of particular animals. 15．Which of the following can be Kyba’s suggestion? A．Avoiding arranging unnecessary lights. B．Improving the function of streetlights. C．Calling on taxpayers to protect animals. D．Decreasing the great pressure on taxpayers. 【答案】12．D 13．A 14．B 15．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了光污染的问题，指出尽管人造光给生活带来了便利，但它也对人类和环境造成了严重的威胁。 12．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“the increasing transition to high-efficiency LED lamps for outdoor lighting, which were regarded by most people originally as a way to reduce our dependence upon fossil (化石的) fuels and slow climate change, may not be saving as much electricity as expected.(越来越多的户外照明转向高效率的LED灯，最初被大多数人认为是减少我们对化石燃料的依赖和减缓气候变化的一种方式，可能并没有像预期的那样节省那么多电力。)”可知，根据第二段，大多数人过去对LED灯的看法是它们可以使人们减少对化石燃料的依赖。故选D。 13．词句猜测题。根据上文““It is estimated that white LED lamps have a much greater impact on people’s sleep than the former streetlights.”(“据估计，白色LED灯对人们睡眠的影响要比以前的路灯大得多。”)”可知，上文提到的这种影响可能是导致肥胖和其他身体疾病的一个重要方面。由此可知，inducing意为“引起，导致”。故选A。 14．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“And in Florida, light pollution along beaches is disturbing sea turtles having babies, resulting in thousands of young animals’ dying each year.(在佛罗里达州，海滩上的光污染正在干扰海龟产卵，导致每年成千上万的小动物死亡。)”可知，作者在第三段提到候鸟和海龟是为了展示光污染对动物的影响。故选B。 15．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But perhaps the most obvious thing about light pollution is that much of it results from wasteful light that isn’t necessary, according to Kyba, who estimates that it could be reduced by five to ten times.(但Kyba认为，关于光污染最明显的一点可能是，大部分光污染是由不必要的光浪费造成的，他估计光污染可以减少五到十倍。)”可知，Kyba建议避免布置不必要的灯光。故选A。 （十二） 【2023-2024学年安徽省阜阳市高二下学期7月期末】You see a woman on the street who looks familiar — but you can’t remember how you know her. Your brain cannot attach any previous experiences to this person. Hours later, you suddenly recall the party at a friend’s house where you met her, and you realize who she is. In a new study in mice, researchers have discovered the place in the brain that is responsible for both types of familiarity — vague (模糊的) recognition and complete recollection. Both, moreover, are represented by two distinct neural (神经系统的) codes. The brain’s signature for strangers turns out to be simpler than the one used for old friends — which makes sense, says study co-author Steven Siegelbaum, given the vastly different memory requirements for the two relationships. “Where you were, what you were doing, when you were doing it, who else was there — the memory of a familiar individual is a much richer memory,” Siegelbaum says. “If you’re meeting a stranger, there’s nothing to recollect.” The action occurs in a small sliver (小块) of a brain region called the hippocampus, known for its importance in forming memories. The sliver in question, known as CA2, seems to specialize in a certain kind of memory used to recall relationships. “The new work really emphasizes the importance of this brain area to social processing, at least in mice,” says Serena Dudek, a neuroscientist at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, who was not involved in the study. CA2 is unlikely to act alone in this process because it connects to other brain regions that also play roles in social learning, memory and behavior, Dudek says. But if the findings in mice apply to humans, the work could help researchers uncover the roots of social difficulties in people. From there, researchers might find ways to improve social memory. “How many different disorders of memory are there?” Siegelbaum says. “Do they all involve the same type of changes in neural processing, or are there more specific changes that are associated with different forms of disease?” Having a better way to classify these changes may lead to more targeted treatments, he adds. 12．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph? A．To introduce the topic. B．To provide an example. C．To describe a funny experience. D．To complain about the bad memory. 13．Why is the brain’s signature for strangers simpler than that for old friends? A．Strangers leave a stronger impression. B．The brain processes strangers differently. C．Memories of old friends are easier to recollect. D．There are different memory requirements to meet. 14．What does the study find about CA2? A．It connects to other brain regions specialized in learning. B．It is responsible for refreshing one’s visual memories. C．It is dedicated to the memory related to relationships. D．It plays a role in regulating people’s social behavior. 15．What does Siegelbaum suggest about the study? A．It should include more species. B．It provides conclusive answers. C．It deserves more media attention. D．It needs further research in future. 【答案】12．A 13．D 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于大脑中负责识别熟悉感的区域的新研究。研究发现了小鼠海马体中的CA2区域，该区域对唤起与人际关系有关的记忆具有重要作用。如果这一发现同样适用于人类，研究人员就能找到人类社交障碍的根源，制定更具针对性的治疗方案。 12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“You see a woman on the street who looks familiar—but you can’t remember how you know her. Your brain cannot attach any previous experiences to this person. Hours later, you suddenly recall the party at a friend’s house where you met her, and you realize who she is. (你在街上看到一个看起来很面熟的女人——但你不记得你是怎么认识她的。你的大脑无法将以往的历与这个人联系起来。几小时后，你突然想起在朋友家的聚会上你遇到了她，你意识到她是谁。)”以及第二段“ In a new study in mice, researchers have discovered the place in the brain that is responsible for both types of familiarity—vague(模糊的) recognition and complete recollection. Both, moreover, are represented by two distinct neural (神经系统的) codes. (在一项针对老鼠的新研究中，研究人员发现了大脑中负责两种类型熟悉的地方——模糊识别和完整回忆。此外，两者都由两种不同的神经编码表示。)”可知，第一段旨在引出下文要介绍的内容：大脑中负责识别熟悉感的区域。故选A项。 13．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The brain’s signature for strangers turns out to be simpler than the one used for old friends—which makes sense, says study co-author Steven Siegelbaum, given the vastly different memory requirements for the two relationships. (研究报告的合著者史蒂文·西格尔鲍姆说，考虑到这两种关系对记忆的要求截然不同，大脑对陌生人的记忆要比对老朋友的记忆简单得多，这是有道理的。)” 可知，关于陌生人的大脑签名比老朋友的简单，因为我们对于陌生人没有什么可以回想的东西，关于二者我们需要记下的内容不同。故选D项。 14．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The sliver in question, known as CA2, seems to specialize in a certain kind of memory used to recall relationships. (所讨论的CA2，似乎专门研究一种用来回忆关系的某种记忆。)” 可知，CA2专门用于唤醒与人际关系相关的记忆。故选C项。 15．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“ ‘How many different disorders of memory are there?” Siegelbaum says. “Do they all involve the same type of changes in neural processing, or are there more specific changes that are associated with different forms of disease?’ Having a better way to classify these changes may lead to more targeted treatments, he adds. (“一共有多少种不同的记忆障碍?”据Siegelbaum说。“它们是否都涉及神经处理过程中相同类型的变化，还是存在与不同形式的疾病相关的更具体的变化?”他补充说，有了更好的方法对这些变化进行分类，可能会导致更有针对性的治疗。)”可知Siegelbaum认为这项研究还有许多可以挖掘的地方，如果继续下去，就有可能让治疗更具针对性。由此可推知，他认为该研究在未来还应继续下去。故选D项。 （十三） 【2023-2024学年安徽省合肥市普通高中六校联盟高二下学期期末联考】Sharks and their relatives are some of the most threatened vertebrates (脊椎动物) on Earth. Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) provide homes for countless fish species that are vital for fisheries and are therefore an especially important ecosystem for humans — and one where the decline of shark populations seems to be especially acute (剧烈的). The study by Simpfendorfer with his team is the result of a worldwide cooperation called the Global FinPrint project. The data analyzed include more than 20,000 hours of standardized underwater video taken at nearly 400reefs in 67 countries around the world. It reveals declines of 60% to 73% of once-abundant (充足的) coral reef shark species at reefs around the world. However, the findings of Simpfendorfer with his team include signs of hope and a clear path forward. Their results show that although shark populations in many reefs had declined, some healthy reef shark populations remained. The reefs with healthier shark populations had some important similarities: they tended to be in the waters of high-income countries with stronger natural resource management regulations (规定) . A country that lacks the resources to feed its people is less able to sustainably manage and protect its biodiversity. The most unexpected result of the study is that a decline or complete loss of shark species in one reef was not always associated with similar changes in nearby reefs. They found that one reef can be over fished so badly that a once-common reef shark species is totally gone, but another reef a short distance away can have healthy populations of that same species. It is likely that healthy population s can eventually help repopulate nearby areas. The problem is clear — animals that provide ecosystem services that are vital for human food security and livelihoods are disappearing at an alarming rate. The loss of sharks and the ecosystem services they provide represents an ecological disaster that can cause substantial harm to humans. But apparently, the findings have shown a way. If the threat that led to population decline are resolved, then these important and threatened animals may recover. 12．Why is Simpfendorfer with his team mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To stress the result of global cooperation. B．To state the urgency of protecting the ocean. C．To show the severe condition of certain sharks. D．To present the figures of their contributions to sharks. 13．Why could healthy reef shark population s remain in some areas? A．Citizens there had a stronger environmental awareness. B．Science and economics were improving fast in such areas. C．The waters in these areas were suitable for sharks to live in. D．These areas took stricter measures to protect natural resources. 14．What can be inferred from the text? A．Changes in reefs lead to loss of shark species. B．Humans and animals co-exist in ecosystem. C．It’s not clear whether humans cause damage to biodiversity. D．The declined shark species have nothing to do with overfishing. 15．What’s the text mainly about? A．Acute Decline of reef sharks. B．Potential recovery of reef sharks. C．Global cooperation of saving sharks. D．Amazing discovery of Coral reefs. 【答案】12．C 13．D 14．B 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究发现，因为人类活动对珊瑚礁的破坏，礁鲨数量的下降似乎尤为严重，但Simpfendorfer和他的团队也发现了衰退的礁鲨的恢复潜力。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段“It reveals declines of 60% to 73% of once-abundant (充足的) coral reef shark species at reefs around the world.(该报告显示，世界各地曾经丰富的珊瑚礁鲨鱼物种减少了60%至73%)”可知，第二段提到Simpfendorfer和他的团队是为了引出关于珊瑚礁的研究报告，显示某些鲨鱼的严重状况。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Their results show that although shark populations in many reefs had declined, some healthy reef shark populations remained. The reefs with healthier shark populations had some important similarities: they tended to be in the waters of high-income countries with stronger natural resource management regulations (规定).( 他们的研究结果表明，尽管许多珊瑚礁的鲨鱼数量下降了，但一些健康的珊瑚礁鲨鱼数量仍然存在。鲨鱼数量更健康的珊瑚礁有一些重要的相似之处：它们往往位于自然资源管理法规更强的高收入国家的水域)”可知，由于一些地区采取了更严格的措施来保护自然资源，健康的礁鲨种群仍然存在。故选D。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The loss of sharks and the ecosystem services they provide represents an ecological disaster that can cause substantial harm to humans.(鲨鱼及其提供的生态系统服务的丧失是一场生态灾难，可能对人类造成重大伤害)”可知，鲨鱼及其提供的生态系统服务的丧失是一场生态灾难，会对人类造成重大伤害，可得出人类和动物在生态系统中共存。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) provide homes for countless fish species that are vital for fisheries and are therefore an especially important ecosystem for humans—and one where the decline of shark populations seems to be especially acute (剧烈的).(珊瑚礁为无数对渔业至关重要的鱼类提供了家园，因此对人类来说是一个特别重要的生态系统，而鲨鱼数量的下降似乎尤为严重)”结合文章讲述了研究发现，因为人类活动对珊瑚礁的破坏，礁鲨数量的下降似乎尤为严重，但Simpfendorfer和他的团队也发现了衰退的礁鲨的恢复潜力，B项“礁鲨的潜在恢复”能概括文章大意。故选B。 （十四） 【2023-2024学年安徽省滁州市高二下学期7月期末】Bird watchers get nervous when they see wind turbines (风力涡轮机) are never a rare sight nationwide. When the wind gets going, their blades can turn around at over 200km per hour. It is easy to imagine careless birds getting cut to bits. Campaigners often point to the possibility when trying to stop the building of new wind farms. No one doubts that wind turbines do indeed kill at least some birds. But a new analysis of American data, published in Environmental Science & Technology, suggests the numbers are very small, and have little impact on bird population. Wind power has expanded dramatically in America over the past 20 years. Many studies have analysed the effects in specific locations or on specific bird species. But few have looked at the effects on wildlife at the population level. Dr. Erik Katovich, an economist at the University of Geneva, made use of the Christmas Bird Count, a citizen-science project run by the National Audubon Society, an American non-profit organization. Volunteers count birds they spot over Christmas, and the society brings together the numbers and has kept the records for about a century. Dr. Katovich assumed reasonably that if wind turbines harmed bird population, then the numbers seen in the Christmas Bird Count would drop in places where new turbines had been built. He combined bird population and species maps with the locations and construction dates of all wind turbines in the United States between 2000 and 2020. He found that building turbines had no noticeable effect on bird population. That finding held true even when he looked specifically at large birds like hawks, and eagles that many people believe are particularly likely to be struck. “Wind power not only produces much less planet-heating carbon dioxide and methane than fossil fuels. It appears to be far less damaging to wildlife, too. Yet that is not the impression you would get from reading the news,” said Dr. Katovich, “In 2020 alone, there were 173 stories in major American news agencies reporting the negative effects that wind turbines had on birds. The fact is, wind turbines might look dramatic. But their effect on birds is not.” 32．What do we know about the National Audubon Society? A．It is responsible for counting birds spotted over Christmas. B．It failed to see the effects of wind turbines on wildlife population. C．It has started recording bird numbers since the early 20th century. D．It ran a citizen-science project to raise money for wildlife protection. 33．How did Dr. Katovich carry out the research? A．By communicating with bird watchers. B．By analyzing the existing relevant data. C．By visiting locations with wind turbines. D．By counting bird numbers over Christmas. 34．Which of the following might Dr. Katovich approve of? A．The construction of new wind farms should be banned. B．Fossil fuels produce much less greenhouse gas than thought. C．Bird numbers dropped dramatically where turbines were built. D．The reports about the effects of wind turbines are misleading. 35．What’s the most suitable title of the passage? A．Wind Turbines and Wildlife: Coexisting Peacefully. B．National Audubon Society: Christmas Bird Count. C．Wind Farms: Resolution to Planet-heating Gases. D．Bird Watchers: No More New Wind Farms. 【答案】32．C 33．B 34．D 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一份新的分析表明，在美国风力涡轮机对鸟类种群的影响很小，即使是针对大型易受影响的鸟类也是如此。 32．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Dr. Erik Katovich, an economist at the University of Geneva, made use of the Christmas Bird Count, a citizen-science project run by the National Audubon Society, an American non-profit organization. Volunteers count birds they spot over Christmas, and the society brings together the numbers and has kept the records for about a century.(日内瓦大学经济学家埃里克·卡托维奇博士利用了美国非营利组织奥杜邦协会开展的一项公民科学项目“圣诞节鸟类统计”。志愿者们统计圣诞节期间发现的鸟类数量，协会汇总这些数字，并将这些记录保存了大约一个世纪。)”可知，美国奥杜邦协会从20世纪初就开始记录鸟类数量。故选C。 33．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He combined bird population and species maps with the locations and construction dates of all wind turbines in the United States between 2000 and 2020. He found that building turbines had no noticeable effect on bird population. That finding held true even when he looked specifically at large birds like hawks, and eagles that many people believe are particularly likely to be struck.(他将鸟类种群和物种地图与2000年至2020年美国所有风力涡轮机的位置和建造日期结合起来。他发现建造涡轮机对鸟类种群没有明显影响。即使他专门研究隼和鹰等大型鸟类，这一发现仍然成立，许多人认为隼和鹰特别容易受到撞击)”可推知，Katovich博士是通过分析现有的相关数据来进行研究的，故选B。 34．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He found that building turbines had no noticeable effect on bird population. That finding held true even when he looked specifically at large birds like hawks, and eagles that many people believe are particularly likely to be struck.(他发现建造涡轮机对鸟类种群没有明显影响。即使他专门研究隼和鹰等大型鸟类，这一发现仍然成立，许多人认为隼和鹰特别容易受到撞击)”可知，建造涡轮机对鸟类种群没有明显影响，由此可推知，Katovich博士认为关于风力涡轮机影响的报道具有误导性。故选D。 35．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“But a new analysis of American data, published in Environmental Science & Technology, suggests the numbers are very small, and have little impact on bird population.(但发表在《环境科学与技术》杂志上的一项对美国数据的新分析表明，这些鸟类的数量非常少，对鸟类种群的影响很小)”可知，文章主要介绍了一份新的分析表明，在美国风力涡轮机对鸟类种群的影响很小，即使是针对大型易受影响的鸟类也是如此。A项“风力涡轮机与野生动物：和平共处。”适合作文章标题，故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 阅读理解之说明文二 （一） 【2023-2024学年安徽省六安第一中学高二下学期7月期末】Nobody likes to feel negative emotions: Anger, jealousy and regret can all be overwhelming. In fact, we dislike feeling negative emotions so much that some of us will do anything to avoid them, from adopting a sense of denial to turning to food or work as a distraction. Deep down we know that we can’t be joyful all the time, so why do we have such a problem with the less-than-favorable feelings? It’s natural for people to avoid or suppress negative emotions. We are biologically programmed above all else to survive, to keep ourselves safe; therefore, anything that our brain perceives as something out of our comfort zone, something that might harm us in any way is usually avoided. This is the default in-built programming we have inherited from our ancestors. However, when we do, things don’t always work out well for us. “When we bury our emotions, they inevitably end up reappearing elsewhere further down the line,” says Dr. Elena Touroni, a consultant psychologist of The Chelsea Psychology Clinic. “Burying them in this way can cause a whole host of different issues and symptoms such as headaches and anxiety.” Not only can burying our less-desirable emotions impact our well-being, but it also prevents us from enjoying the well-being rewards coming along with these emotions. Actually, it’s a sign of emotional well-being to be able to acknowledge and stay with the uncomfortable feelings instead of pushing them away or denying them. Negative emotions can be wonderful signposts if we pay attention to them. For example, a feeling of dread, uncertainty or fear in any working environment might be a great sign that you need to start to consider changing that environment. Our emotions are a big part of being human and they serve an important function—even the difficult ones. As Elena says: “Without negative emotions, we would struggle to know our boundaries, how to keep ourselves safe, what hurts us or makes us happy. They can guide us toward making decisions that serve us in the long term.” 8．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The features of negative emotions. B．The definition of negative emotions. C．The causes of avoiding negative emotions. D．The methods of avoiding negative emotions. 9．What does Dr. Elena Touroni suggest? A．Keeping a positive attitude. B．Ignoring the negative emotion. C．Taking care of the physical condition. D．Acknowledging the uncomfortable feelings. 10．Why is the working environment mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To explain function of negative emotions. B．To stress the benefits of negative emotions. C．To prove the powerful influence of negative emotions. D．To remind that negative emotions can change your job. 11．What can be the best title for the passage? A．The Good Side of Negative Emotions B．The Reasons for Negativity C．The Influence of Negative Emotions D．The Ways to Embrace Negative Emotions （二） 【2023-2024学年安徽省马鞍山市高二下学期期末】With the development of new media, the promotion of Mandarin (普通话) and the wave of globalization, the range of application for dialects (方言) has become smaller. Dialects, to some extent, are a culmination (积淀) of local culture. If they are not protected and healthily passed down, this “crisis” might lead to their disappearance. However, since the concept of “language resource” was introduced, the status of dialects has been given renewed importance. Dialects are a living form of intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) . As the saying goes, “It’s better to sell ancestral (祖先的) land than to abandon ancestral language.” For the recording and preservation of dialects, creating a language environment in which they can enjoy a period of growth and success is vitally important. Folk songs, local operas, dialect courses, community involvement, technological methods, and literary and artistic works can all play significant roles in the protection and inheritance (传承) of dialects. Cao Xueqin was a native of Nanjing, and the Jia family in Dream of the Red Chamber is a distinguished family from Jinling (ancient Nanjing). According to statistics, there are over 1,000 instances of Nanjing dialect in the masterpiece. Shen Congwen’s Border Town vividly portrays a “world of Western Hunan”. The locals refer to copper coins as “tongzi”, the addition of “zi” suggesting it’s just a small object. This reflects the Western Hunan people’s indifference to material wealth. In Lao She’s Rickshaw Boy, the “er” sound is everwhere, full of Beijing flavor. In fact, the literary forms of Chinese dialect have been around since ancient times and are vivid with various flavors. Never forget your dialect and never forget the accent of your hometown. 8．What has happened to dialects since the introduction of the concept of language resource? A．They have been applied less. B．They have gained new recognition. C．They have completely disappeared. D．They have promoted the spread of Mandarin. 9．What does the saying underlined in paragraph 2 imply? A．Ancestral language should be preserved. B．Ancestral land should be developed. C．Ancestral language is a fixed form. D．Ancestral land is more meaningful. 10．Why does the writer refer to the dialects in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber? A．To illustrate the complicated relationship. B．To demonstrate their extensive usage. C．To convey the distinctive Beijing culture. D．To describe the personalities of the characters. 11．In which column of a magazine can you find the text probably? A．Entertainment. B．Culture. C．Health. D．Economy. （三） 【2023-2024学年安徽省芜湖市高二下学期期末】The tea that has delighted and fascinated the world for thousands of years has finally received top-level global recognition as a shared cultural treasure of mankind. China’s traditional tea-making was added on Tuesday to the intangible cultural heritage list of UNESCO. The traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China consist of knowledge, skills and practices concerning the management of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, manual(手工的)processing, drinking and sharing of tea. Since ancient times, Chinese people have been planting, picking, making and drinking tea. Tea producers have developed six categories of tea: green, yellow, dark, white, oolong and black teas. Together with reprocessed teas, such as flower-scented teas, there are over 2, 000 tea products in China. Tea-related customs are not only found across the country, but also influence the rest of the world through the ancient Silk Road and trade routes. Tea is ubiquitous in Chinese people’s daily life, as steeped(浸泡)or boiled tea is served in families, workplaces, tea houses, restaurants and temples, etc. It is also an important part of socialization and ceremonies such as weddings and sacrifices. The practice of greeting guests and building relationships within families and among neighbors through tea- related activities is common to multiple ethnic groups, providing a sense of shared identity and continuity for the communities. In China, 44 registered national-level intangible cultural heritage entries are related to tea. There are over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities that have set up majors in tea science or tea culture, resulting in over 3,000 graduates specializing in tea production and art every year, according to the ministry. China now has 43 items on the intangible cultural heritage list, continuing to be the most enlisted country in the world. 8．What can be learnt from the passage? A．Chinese producers developed 44 categories of tea. B．Tea is quite popular with people all over the country. C．More than 2,000 tea products could be found in China. D．There’ re about 300 graduates specializing in tea production every year. 9．What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” probably mean? A．rare B．common C．temporary D．available 10．How does the author emphasize the promotion of tea culture in Paragraph 4? A．By listing figures. B．By making definitions. C．By giving examples. D．By making comparisons. 11．In which kind of book may this text appear? A．A textbook. B．A travel journal. C．A story book. D．A cultural magazine. （四） 【2023-2024学年安徽省芜湖市高二下学期期末】Have you ever imagined a tennis lesson from one of the world’s greatest tennis players at your local court? This dream came true for two young players, who got to train with 20-year-old superstar Emma Raducanu after she appeared as a hologram (全息图) — a photographic recording of the image. While Sam Clague, 14, and T’nae Diamond Paisley, 12, were both in London, the British number one was in Abu Dhabi. During the world’s first holographic lesson, Ms Raducanu’s avatar (头像) appeared to feed balls to the players and gave live feedback on their shots, like “that was fast” and “there was lots of topspin (上旋) on that”. Even Sam said he thought she had been pre-recorded at first until she spoke with him directly. Their holographic training session offers a glimpse into how advancing technology could revolutionize tennis coaching, according to Dr Ian Pearson. Dr Pearson thinks that mixed reality headsets will soon allow tennis players to feel they are playing in unusual virtual environments, like on a space station or the middle of a lake. Through 5G, the future of tennis will see increased interaction between real life tennis courts and the rich imagination we see in computer games — playing whenever, wherever and whoever you want. Full sensory (全感官) virtual reality could even place the viewer inside the tennis player’s shoes in real time. Dr Pearson said, “By 2030, with active skin technology, the playing styles and even the sensations of top-level players could be captured, so that anyone could experience how it actually felt to play that game through full sensory virtual reality.” Finally, sportswear made from smart materials could allow for a digital coach powered by artificial intelligence (AI) to provide feedback on a player’s form. Dr Pearson said, “AI-controlled suits made from smart materials, such as fabrics with sensors, can help players find the perfect stroke when hitting or returning a serve by quickly learning the muscle memory of a flawless forehand. Using direct feedback from friendly virtual AI coaches, new players can develop and learn much more quickly.” 8．What did Ms Raducanu do in the first holographic lesson? A．Give players a real time guidance. B．Require players to follow her shots. C．Record coaching contents in advance. D．Analyze techniques after the holographic lesson. 9．What can full sensory virtual reality make viewers do? A．Increase their imagination of sports. B．Take the place of top level players. C．Experience the feeling of players on the spot. D．Have a sense of playing in an unusual place. 10．What’s Dr Pearson’s attitude towards virtual AI coaches? A．Critical. B．Skeptical. C．Favorable. D．Cautious. 11．What might be the best title for the text? A．The future of tennis coaching. B．The threat from AI to coaches. C．The first live coaching online. D．The appearance of digital tennis partners. （五） 【2023-2024学年安徽省阜阳市高二下学期7月期末】Over the past few years, libraries and archives (档案馆) across the world have worked to digitize their resources. Many have been investing heavily in expanding digital collections for their records. A recent attack on the British Library (BL) has raised some questions about it. On Oct. 28, 2023, the British Library’s website was hacked, making it nonfunctional for several weeks. The library didn’t restore its home page until Dec. 19, and it was a month before its basic catalogue was searchable again. The bulk (主体) of the library’s online resources will take much longer to restore, leaving students and scholars with research plans across the world in trouble. Digitization has been a powerful weapon in the battle against both intentional destruction and the neglect of records. It helped scholars preserve the records while also allowing understaffed libraries to preserve materials suffering from the degradation (毁坏) of neglect. It enables users to access records from all over the world, helping them overcome the barriers of geography and the costs of travel. Digitization can help us hold ourselves to account for the past. The hack at the British Library, however, exposes the vulnerabilities (易受打击) of digitization. It forces us to ask: what happens to our records if a cyberattack severs us from our digital records? Since the BL has physical (if somewhat outdated) catalogues, restoring access for scholars won’t be a mission impossible. But it is still extremely expensive. So what happens if digitized collections in other countries are attacked in the same way? As with the BL, it could prevent our access to physical records by destroying digital catalogues and reference material. That means even though the original physical records may still exist, we may struggle to access or use them effectively. And repairing the damage could require resources that the institutions in question might not have. Digitization has been a transformative tool for scholars and a valuable shield against the dangers that threaten paper-based historical records. But it’s time to consider the vulnerabilities of digital repositories as well. Fires, theft, and physical neglect are no longer the only major threats archives face: now we must also add ransomware (勒索软件) to the list. 8．What have many libraries and archives focused on recently? A．Building new facilities. B．Researching their records. C．Expanding digital collections. D．Collecting historical materials. 9．What impact did the cyberattack against BL have on researchers? A．Increased workloads. B．Disturbed research plans. C．Improved computer skills. D．Reduced research funding. 10．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The challenges faced by libraries and archives. B．The benefits of digitization in preserving records. C．The importance of physical record-keeping methods. D．The long-term battle between degradation and restoration. 11．What does the author suggest about the future of digital collections? A．They will face new threats different from physical ones. B．They will become the main source of historical records. C．They will reduce the need for physical archives. D．They will require less funding for maintenance. （六） 【2023-2024学年安徽省省十联考高二下学期7月期末】Researchers at the Université de Montreal have found that our favorite music, particularly the emotions brought on by listening to bittersweet music, might be an effective, drug-free way of lowering our perception of pain. Music has long been known to have a hypoalgesic effect, meaning that it causes a decreased sensitivity to painful stimuli (刺激物). But to test which kind of music was most effective for reducing pain, 63 participants received moderately painful heat stimuli to the inner forearm, resulting in a sensation similar to a hot teacup being held against the skin. The pain was paired with short pieces of music, each lasting around seven minutes. Listening to their favorite music strongly reduced pain intensity and unpleasantness in participants, compared to control tracks or silence. Unfamiliar relaxing tracks did not have the same effect. The researchers then interviewed participants about their favorite songs and conducted an analysis about four themes related to categories of emotional experience: energizing/activating, happy/cheerful, calming/relaxing, and moving/bittersweet. They wanted to see whether emotion themes could modulate the hypoalgesic effect of favorite music. “We found that reports of moving or bittersweet emotional experiences seem to result in lower ratings of pain unpleasantness, which was driven by more intense enjoyment of the music and more musical chills,” said Valevicius. While they don’t define “musical chills” in their paper, the researchers point to previous neurological studies that suggest a dopamine (多巴胺) pathway in the brain may be fundamental to both the enjoyment of music and music-induced chills. In some people, the researchers say, chills can appear as a tingling sensation, shivers, or goosebumps. 28．What is the common view about music? A．It has a pain-decreasing effect. B．It can enhance brain development. C．It is a universal language of mankind. D．It may reduce feelings of pressure and depression. 29．What does the underlined word “modulate” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Ruin. B．Improve. C．Judge. D．Adjust. 30．What can be learned about musical chills? A．They will be further studied by researchers. B．They have been defined in previous studies. C．They may be related to dopamine in the brain. D．They contribute little to the enjoyment of music. 31．What’s the text mainly about? A．Listening to music can make us more focused. B．Music is a powerful tool for boosting our mood. C．Emotional pain has an impact on our physical health. D．Our favorite bittersweet music may help relieve pain. （七） 【2023-2024学年安徽省芜湖市高二下学期期末】“WHAT IS CIVILISATION?” asked Kenneth Clark 50 years ago in the seminal (开创性的) BBC series on the subject. “I don’t know, and I can’t define it in abstract terms, yet. But I think I can recognize it when I see it, and I’m looking at it now.” And he turned to gesture behind him, at the soaring Gothic towers and flying buttresses of Notre Dame (巴黎圣母院). It seems inhuman to care more about a building than about people. That the sight of Notre Dame going up in flames has attracted so much more attention than floods in southern Africa which killed over 1,000 arouses understandable feelings of guilt. Yet the widespread, intense grief at the sight of the cathedral’s (大教堂) collapsing steeple (尖塔) is in fact profoundly human — and in a particularly 21st-century way. Familiarity breeds affection. A building on whose sunny steps you have rested, in front of which you have taken a selfie with your loved one, becomes a warm part of your memories and thus of yourself. That helps explain why China is in mourning — WeChat, young China’s principal (主要的) means of talking to itself, has been following the story. And it will be rebuilt. The effort to rebuild it will bring people together. Within 24 hours, €600m ($677m) had been raised from businesses and rich people, and a rash of crowdfunding campaigns started. Yet the emotions the sight aroused were less about the building itself than about what losing it might mean. Notre Dame is an expression of humanity at its collective best. Its survival through 850 years of political turbulence — through war, revolution and Nazi occupation — binds the present to the past. It will never be the same, but that is as it should be. As Victor Hugo wrote in “The Hunchback of Notre Dame”, a three-volume love-letter to the cathedral: “Great edifices (建筑物), like great mountains, are the work of centuries. Art is often transformed as it is being made… Time is the architect, the nation is the builder.” 12．What can we infer according to Paragraph 1? A．Kenneth Clark is a staff (职员) in BBC． B．Kenneth Clark believes that Notre Dame is a symbol of civilization. C．Civilization is so abstract that Kenneth Clark can’t recognise it. D．Notre Dame is the subject of the BBC series. 13．Why has the sight of Notre Dame going up in flames attracted so much attention according to the passage? A．Because the sunny steps in Notre Dame for people to rest on is impressive. B．Because Notre Dame has boosted the local economy. C．Because numerable people around the world has been there and left good memories. D．Because social media like WeChat in China help more people know it. 14．Which of the following can best explain the underlined word in Paragraph 4? A．current B．parties C．power D．disorder 15．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The essence (精髓) of Notre Dame will be lost if we rebuild it. B．It is difficult to rebuild Notre Dame. C．If it were not for the fire, Notre Dame would always stay the same. D．Notre Dame will change as time goes by even without the fire. （八） 【2023-2024学年安徽省天一大联考高二下学期7月期末】When we think of evolution (进化), we think of a process that happens over hundreds or thousands of years. In recent research, a team led by Rick Relyea found a species of frog that has evolved over the course of merely 25 years. The adaptation was spurred on by something many assume is harmless: salt. “We’ve been applying salts to reduce car accidents in snowy and icy conditions in the United States for 80 years, and we currently apply four times more road salt than we did in the past,” said Relyea. “However, the number of studies on its impacts on our environment is relatively small.” “Amphibians (两栖动物) like to produce young in wetlands, which have smaller water volumes than lakes, so the salt concentrations there can build up to very high levels,” said Relyea. “In our study, the highest salt concentration was found in a wetland near a parking lot that’s been there for 25 years, where the salt concentrations are nearly 100 times higher than in pristine (原始的)wetlands. We found that over the course of just 10 generations, these wood frogs evolved a much higher salt tolerance.” The research team collected frog eggs from nine populations and allowed them to transform into tadpoles (蝌蚪). Then the team examined whether populations of tadpoles from more salt-polluted waters had evolved higher salt tolerance. Tadpoles collected from the saltiest wetland experienced a notably longer time until death when exposed to salt than the eight other populations collected from other areas close to roads and with varying levels of salt, suggesting an evolved tolerance. However, the frogs’ ability to adapt does not mean that we should expect them to survive if salt levels increase even more. Relyea hopes that insights gained from this study will help protect many species of plants and animals that are being exposed to salt pollution. “The fact that these amphibians rapidly evolved to deal with high salt levels suggests that we have time to avoid extinction, in this species and probably many other species,” said Relyea. 12．What does the underlined phrase “spurred on” in paragraph I mean? A．Encouraged. B．Delayed. C．Proved. D．Ruined. 13．What did Relyea’s team find in the wetland near a parking lot? A．It maintains its original condition. B．The wood frogs there are salt-resistant. C．It is a perfect place for amphibians to produce young. D．There are more amphibian species than in other places. 14．How does Relyea sound in the last paragraph? A．Confused. B．Curious. C．Hopeful. D．Proud. 15．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The evolution of amphibians. B．The problems salts bring to land. C．The influence salt has on animal evolution. D．The method we can take to avoid the extinction of frogs. （九） 【2023-2024学年安徽省安庆市等三市高二下学期7月期末】Plants can often tell when they’re in danger — by smell. But not all leaves can smell threats equally well. In corn plants, baby leaves do this best, new data showed. “They sense this — like OK, danger is at the corner, we better prepare,” says Lei Wang. He’s a plant biologist at the University of Ben in Switzerland. He and his colleagues shared the new findings in Current Biology. Many plants strengthen their chemical protection when they are about to be eaten by insects. One way plants senis such threats is through scent (气味). They can detect odor molecules (气味分子) floating through the air. Such odors may come from an insect’s saliva (唾液) or from nearby injured plants. But scientists don’t know which parts of plants sense danger. (Obviously, plants don’t have noses. ) And they know even less about what goes on inside plants for them to process: danger! Wang and his team set out to study this warning system in corn plants. But they ran into a problem. When exposed to “threat” scents, adult leaves didn’t respond much. The researchers turned to baby leaves instead. In the lab, young corn leaves seemed better able to sense danger than older ones. They responded more strongly to a common danger-signaling scent. (It smells like freshly cut grass. ) It’s not clear why young corn leaves smell trouble better than older ones do. Maybe it helps protect these more weak leaves. Or, since young leaves often grow at the top of a plant, they might better detect scents blowing from long distances. These questions will need more study. Wang hopes his research can help create smarter crops that are better at resisting insects. In the long run, that should reduce the need for pesticides. “My parents are farmers,” Wang says. “So this research is not just to satisfy my curiosity. I really want to solve some urgent questions in agriculture.” 12．What do plants detect through scent? A．Injuries of other plants. B．Saliva of nearby insects. C．Odor molecules in the air. D．Threats from their environment. 13．Why did Wang and his team turn to study baby leaves? A．Baby leaves were easier to study. B．Baby leaves were more likely to be hurt by threats. C．Adult leaves didn’t respond to “threat” scents at all. D．They can conduct the study more effectively. 14．What does Wang expect his research will lead to? A．The development of smarter pesticides. B．The creation of more insect-resistant crops. C．The production of stronger smelling crops. D．The improvement of farmers’ living conditions. 15．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To explain how plants detect threats. B．To introduce a new way of protecting plants. C．To report on a study about plants’ warning system. D．To discuss the importance of plant biology research. （十） 【2023-2024学年安徽省亳州市高二下学期7月期末】Scientists exploring the ocean floor in Antaretica have found the largest group of fish nests ever discovered. The huge area of nests came as a surprise, and will help scientists develop a more complete idea of the ocean food web in the area. In the south Weddell Sea, scientists discovered a group of roughly 60 million icefish nests on the ocean floor. Before this, the largest group of icefish nests ever found had about 60 nests. Researchers from Germany’s Alfred Wegener Institute on the research ship Polarstern were studying the ocean floor in Antaretica. To do this, they used a special device called OFOBS. The device collects information and takes pictures and video from 5 — 8 feet (1.5 — 2.5meters) above the sea floor. Lilian Boehringer, a research student, was the first to spot the nests. “They were everywhere,” she told the New York Times. During the first four-hour filming session, the scientists found over 16,000 nests. The researchers used OFOBS to make two more four-hour “dives”, trying to discover the limits of the nesting area. This allowed them to calculate that the nesting site covers at least 92 square miles (240 square kilometers). The scientists were studying the area because the temperatures there are slightly warmer than the areas around it. The water is still cold — barely above freezing — but that seems to be perfect for icefish. The nests scientists found were in the shape of a circle, and about 2.5 feet (75centimeters)across. Each nest held about 1,700 eggs. Most of the nests were being guarded by a male icefish. Researchers also spotted some dead icefish and some nests with no fish. Because of the massive numbers of nests found, the scientists believe the icefish must play a very important part in the ocean’s food cycle in the area. The researchers think the icefish are an important food source for Antarctica’s Weddell Seals. 12．What does the author want to explain in paragraph 2? A．How researchers found icefish nests. B．What the newly-found icefish nests looks. C．What icefish nests means to the ocean. D．Why icefish build the nests in the ocean. 13．The icefish build their nest in the south Weddell Sea because of its ________. A．depth B．purity C．area D．condition 14．What’s the significance of the find of icefish nests? A．It provides more evidences about icefish’s living habits. B．It helps scientists know more about the ocean food chain. C．It tells us the importance of protecting the big oceans. D．It helps the fishers get more information about fishing. 15．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Icefish’s Position in Ocean Food Cycle B．Further Studies about the Ocean Food Cycle C．The Largest Group of Fish Nests Discovered D．The Necessities for the Ocean Food Studies （十一） 【2023-2024学年安徽省阜阳第一中学高二下学期5月调研】Back in 1807, London became the first city on the planet to have a street lit up by gaslight lamps. For the city’s residents, it seemed like an extraordinary thing to have evening turned into a version of daytime. But more than two centuries later, artificial light has spread across so much of the planet that it has become a threat to us as well as the environment. The extent of light pollution is evidenced by a study in the journal Science Advances, in which researchers used measurements taken by satellites to study the artificial brightness of Earth’s surface at nighttime. They found the artificially lit outdoor area grew at a rate of 2.2% per year. But those increases are just part of the story. Christopher Kyba, a scientist at German Research Center, says the increasing transition to high-efficiency LED lamps for outdoor lighting, which were regarded by most people originally as a way to reduce our dependence upon fossil (化石的) fuels and slow climate change, may not be saving as much electricity as expected. The American Medical Association added that the wavelengths (波长) at which the lights operate control the hormone that helps us to sleep. “It is estimated that white LED lamps have a much greater impact on people’s sleep than the former streetlights.” Research shows that such impact may be a significant aspect inducing fatness and other physical disorders. Many species on Earth are active at night, and electric lighting, especially dusk to dawn lighting, represents damage to the environment of these species. A study in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, for example, found powerful beams of light from the National September 11 Memorial and Museum changed the flight paths and speed of 1.1 million migrating birds over a seven-day period alone. And in Florida, light pollution along beaches is disturbing sea turtles having babies, resulting in thousands of young animals’ dying each year. But perhaps the most obvious thing about light pollution is that much of it results from wasteful light that isn’t necessary, according to Kyba, who estimates that it could be reduced by five to ten times. “I think we should be asking as taxpayers (纳税人). Why are we paying for lights that shine uselessly into people’s windows and disturb their sleep?” 12．What did most people use to think of LED light s according to Paragraph 2? A．They would be beneficial to people's sleep. B．They could be used to reduce light pollution. C．They would contribute to serious global warming. D．They could make people depend less on fossil fuels. 13．What does the underlined word “inducing” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Causing. B．Marking. C．Preventing. D．Reducing. 14．Why did the author mention migrating birds and sea turtles in Paragraph 3? A．To present the sources of light pollution. B．To show the influence of light pollution on animals. C．To compare the sleeping habits of different animals. D．To highlight the strong adaptability of particular animals. 15．Which of the following can be Kyba’s suggestion? A．Avoiding arranging unnecessary lights. B．Improving the function of streetlights. C．Calling on taxpayers to protect animals. D．Decreasing the great pressure on taxpayers. （十二） 【2023-2024学年安徽省阜阳市高二下学期7月期末】You see a woman on the street who looks familiar — but you can’t remember how you know her. Your brain cannot attach any previous experiences to this person. Hours later, you suddenly recall the party at a friend’s house where you met her, and you realize who she is. In a new study in mice, researchers have discovered the place in the brain that is responsible for both types of familiarity — vague (模糊的) recognition and complete recollection. Both, moreover, are represented by two distinct neural (神经系统的) codes. The brain’s signature for strangers turns out to be simpler than the one used for old friends — which makes sense, says study co-author Steven Siegelbaum, given the vastly different memory requirements for the two relationships. “Where you were, what you were doing, when you were doing it, who else was there — the memory of a familiar individual is a much richer memory,” Siegelbaum says. “If you’re meeting a stranger, there’s nothing to recollect.” The action occurs in a small sliver (小块) of a brain region called the hippocampus, known for its importance in forming memories. The sliver in question, known as CA2, seems to specialize in a certain kind of memory used to recall relationships. “The new work really emphasizes the importance of this brain area to social processing, at least in mice,” says Serena Dudek, a neuroscientist at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, who was not involved in the study. CA2 is unlikely to act alone in this process because it connects to other brain regions that also play roles in social learning, memory and behavior, Dudek says. But if the findings in mice apply to humans, the work could help researchers uncover the roots of social difficulties in people. From there, researchers might find ways to improve social memory. “How many different disorders of memory are there?” Siegelbaum says. “Do they all involve the same type of changes in neural processing, or are there more specific changes that are associated with different forms of disease?” Having a better way to classify these changes may lead to more targeted treatments, he adds. 12．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph? A．To introduce the topic. B．To provide an example. C．To describe a funny experience. D．To complain about the bad memory. 13．Why is the brain’s signature for strangers simpler than that for old friends? A．Strangers leave a stronger impression. B．The brain processes strangers differently. C．Memories of old friends are easier to recollect. D．There are different memory requirements to meet. 14．What does the study find about CA2? A．It connects to other brain regions specialized in learning. B．It is responsible for refreshing one’s visual memories. C．It is dedicated to the memory related to relationships. D．It plays a role in regulating people’s social behavior. 15．What does Siegelbaum suggest about the study? A．It should include more species. B．It provides conclusive answers. C．It deserves more media attention. D．It needs further research in future. （十三） 【2023-2024学年安徽省合肥市普通高中六校联盟高二下学期期末联考】Sharks and their relatives are some of the most threatened vertebrates (脊椎动物) on Earth. Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) provide homes for countless fish species that are vital for fisheries and are therefore an especially important ecosystem for humans — and one where the decline of shark populations seems to be especially acute (剧烈的). The study by Simpfendorfer with his team is the result of a worldwide cooperation called the Global FinPrint project. The data analyzed include more than 20,000 hours of standardized underwater video taken at nearly 400reefs in 67 countries around the world. It reveals declines of 60% to 73% of once-abundant (充足的) coral reef shark species at reefs around the world. However, the findings of Simpfendorfer with his team include signs of hope and a clear path forward. Their results show that although shark populations in many reefs had declined, some healthy reef shark populations remained. The reefs with healthier shark populations had some important similarities: they tended to be in the waters of high-income countries with stronger natural resource management regulations (规定) . A country that lacks the resources to feed its people is less able to sustainably manage and protect its biodiversity. The most unexpected result of the study is that a decline or complete loss of shark species in one reef was not always associated with similar changes in nearby reefs. They found that one reef can be over fished so badly that a once-common reef shark species is totally gone, but another reef a short distance away can have healthy populations of that same species. It is likely that healthy population s can eventually help repopulate nearby areas. The problem is clear — animals that provide ecosystem services that are vital for human food security and livelihoods are disappearing at an alarming rate. The loss of sharks and the ecosystem services they provide represents an ecological disaster that can cause substantial harm to humans. But apparently, the findings have shown a way. If the threat that led to population decline are resolved, then these important and threatened animals may recover. 12．Why is Simpfendorfer with his team mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To stress the result of global cooperation. B．To state the urgency of protecting the ocean. C．To show the severe condition of certain sharks. D．To present the figures of their contributions to sharks. 13．Why could healthy reef shark population s remain in some areas? A．Citizens there had a stronger environmental awareness. B．Science and economics were improving fast in such areas. C．The waters in these areas were suitable for sharks to live in. D．These areas took stricter measures to protect natural resources. 14．What can be inferred from the text? A．Changes in reefs lead to loss of shark species. B．Humans and animals co-exist in ecosystem. C．It’s not clear whether humans cause damage to biodiversity. D．The declined shark species have nothing to do with overfishing. 15．What’s the text mainly about? A．Acute Decline of reef sharks. B．Potential recovery of reef sharks. C．Global cooperation of saving sharks. D．Amazing discovery of Coral reefs. （十四） 【2023-2024学年安徽省滁州市高二下学期7月期末】Bird watchers get nervous when they see wind turbines (风力涡轮机) are never a rare sight nationwide. When the wind gets going, their blades can turn around at over 200km per hour. It is easy to imagine careless birds getting cut to bits. Campaigners often point to the possibility when trying to stop the building of new wind farms. No one doubts that wind turbines do indeed kill at least some birds. But a new analysis of American data, published in Environmental Science & Technology, suggests the numbers are very small, and have little impact on bird population. Wind power has expanded dramatically in America over the past 20 years. Many studies have analysed the effects in specific locations or on specific bird species. But few have looked at the effects on wildlife at the population level. Dr. Erik Katovich, an economist at the University of Geneva, made use of the Christmas Bird Count, a citizen-science project run by the National Audubon Society, an American non-profit organization. Volunteers count birds they spot over Christmas, and the society brings together the numbers and has kept the records for about a century. Dr. Katovich assumed reasonably that if wind turbines harmed bird population, then the numbers seen in the Christmas Bird Count would drop in places where new turbines had been built. He combined bird population and species maps with the locations and construction dates of all wind turbines in the United States between 2000 and 2020. He found that building turbines had no noticeable effect on bird population. That finding held true even when he looked specifically at large birds like hawks, and eagles that many people believe are particularly likely to be struck. “Wind power not only produces much less planet-heating carbon dioxide and methane than fossil fuels. It appears to be far less damaging to wildlife, too. Yet that is not the impression you would get from reading the news,” said Dr. Katovich, “In 2020 alone, there were 173 stories in major American news agencies reporting the negative effects that wind turbines had on birds. The fact is, wind turbines might look dramatic. But their effect on birds is not.” 32．What do we know about the National Audubon Society? A．It is responsible for counting birds spotted over Christmas. B．It failed to see the effects of wind turbines on wildlife population. C．It has started recording bird numbers since the early 20th century. D．It ran a citizen-science project to raise money for wildlife protection. 33．How did Dr. Katovich carry out the research? A．By communicating with bird watchers. B．By analyzing the existing relevant data. C．By visiting locations with wind turbines. D．By counting bird numbers over Christmas. 34．Which of the following might Dr. Katovich approve of? A．The construction of new wind farms should be banned. B．Fossil fuels produce much less greenhouse gas than thought. C．Bird numbers dropped dramatically where turbines were built. D．The reports about the effects of wind turbines are misleading. 35．What’s the most suitable title of the passage? A．Wind Turbines and Wildlife: Coexisting Peacefully. B．National Audubon Society: Christmas Bird Count. C．Wind Farms: Resolution to Planet-heating Gases. D．Bird Watchers: No More New Wind Farms. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$