第二编 题型二 阅读选择-（配套课件）【中考2号】2025年中考英语讲义（湖南专用）

题型二　阅读选择 2025中考 湖南 英语  1 2 3 2 3 2 1 命 题 研 究 破 题 技 巧 真 题 感 知 目 录 2 真题感知 考点综述 01 3 (2024·长沙C篇) 　　The Four Seasons, written by the Italian musician Antonio Vivaldi, was first played about 300 years ago. Since then, it has enjoyed worldwide popularity. The great musical work includes four parts: “Spring”, “Summer”, “Autumn” and “Winter”. Each part brings to mind the season it is meant to describe. “Summer”, for example, begins slowly. Listeners can easily picture a hot, lazy summer day when nobody wants to move. When you listen to “Autumn”, a harvest(收获) celebration will readily come to mind. 首页 目录 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 4 But now, Hache Costa, a music director in Spain, has decided to give the old work a fresh feel. He says the climate(气候) today is very different from what it was in the 1700s. The Four Seasons would be “a lot dirtier” if it were written now. Costa has “updated” the musical work to make it match the realities of the modern world. The “updated” musical work has been played in Madrid, Spain. The performance takes place in front of a screen. As the musicians play, a video shows the effects(影响) of climate change, such as forest fires and unusually dry weather. 首页 目录 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 5 After enjoying it, people find the new “Summer” now sounds noisier and more powerful. Because of global warming(全球变暖), the other three seasons have become shorter. Costa says he expects people to feel “really sad” after listening to the new Four Seasons. “I really want more people to become truly aware of(意识到) what is happening to our planet,” says Costa. “And I believe Vivaldi would not be angry with my changes.” 首页 目录 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 6 1. What do we know about The Four Seasons? A. It is still unpopular now. B. It was written by Hache Costa. C. It was first played about 300 years ago. 2. What will come to mind when we listen to the old “Autumn” according to the passage? A. Forest fires and dry weather. B. A harvest celebration. C. A hot lazy day. √ √ 首页 目录 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 7 3. Which is close to the underlined word “updated” in meaning in Paragraph 4? A. 提上日程 B. 追根溯源 C. 赋予新意 4. Why did Hache Costa give the old work a fresh feel? A. To call on more people to love music. B. To raise public awareness of climate change. C. To present the story of Antonio Vivaldi’s colorful life. √ √ 首页 目录 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 8 命题研究 考点综述 02 9 【文本概述】本文主要介绍了意大利音乐家在几百年前创作了《四季》,而如今当代西班牙音乐总监哈奇·科斯塔决定给这部老作品赋予一种新鲜感,他希望更多的人真正意识到气候变化的影响。 首页 目录 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 10 命题依据   语篇类型 主题范畴 立足 课标 说明文 (音乐作品介绍) 人与社会、人与自然 优秀的艺术家 及其艺术成就 中外影视、音乐等艺 术形式中的文化价值 热爱与敬畏自然, 与自然和谐共生 关联 教材 八下U8 Literature and music 九全U9 Music and movies 九全U9 Music and movies 九全U13 Protecting the environment 首页 目录 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 11 命题设置 命题点 1 细节理解 首页 目录 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 12 命题点 2 词义猜测 首页 目录 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 命题点 3 推理判断 首页 目录 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 破题技巧 考点综述 03 15 类型 1 主旨大意题 1. 解题技巧 解答主旨大意题的关键在于寻找主题句。主旨大意题的考查内容主要侧重“概括文章大意”和“确定文章的最佳标题”。 (1)寻找主题句,认真阅读文章的首尾段或首尾句,有时隐藏在文中; (2)寻找高频信息,即文中反复出现的紧扣主题的中心词,或根据文中的细节分析、概括出文章或段落的主题。 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 16 2. 主旨大意题常见的提问形式: (1)What’s the best title of the passage? (2)What is the passage mainly about? (3)What’s the main idea/topic/theme of the passage? 【关键词】main idea, title, mainly, topic, theme 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 3. 技巧训练 (2024·连云港D篇节选改编) As we know, eating vegetables is good for us. Why do some people like them but others don’t? A new study has found that other people’s likes and dislikes could be a reason. According to the research, people who eat vegetables and show a clear dislike for them can influence others. 　　People may make facial expressions(面部表情) when eating. How does it affect a person watching them? A team of scientists in the UK did a study. 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 They asked more than 200 young women to watch videos of other adults eating broccoli(西兰花). The people in the videos had different expressions while eating. They would smile, seem neutral (neither happy nor sad), or look disgusted. The study found that when people in the videos look disgusted while eating broccoli, people watching them began to like broccoli less. The opposite was not true, however. When someone had a smile while eating broccoli, people watching them did not like broccoli more. 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 Q:What is the best title of the text? A. Videos affect choices of food B. Expressions prevent possible dangers C. Opinions on vegetables influence others √ 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 1. 解题技巧 解答此类试题时务必记住:原词永远出现在代词之前。(1)遵循“词不离句,句不离段,段不离篇”的原则,也就是要弄清楚前后词以及上下句语意、单复数、人称关系等。(2)在一些结构复杂的单句和复句中,一般都要对句子进行语法结构的分析,辨明代词在文中的位置,进而推断其指代内容。 类型 2 代词指代题 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 21 2. 代词指代题常见的提问形式: (1)What does the underlined word “it” refer to? (2)What’s the meaning of the underlined word “it” in the passage? (3)What does “These” refer to ? 【关键词】it, they, these, refer to, meaning 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 3. 技巧训练 (2024·江西B篇节选改编) Two years later, 31-year-old Ed climbed 8,848 meters, the height of the world’s highest mountain, by going up and down his parents’ stairs 2,783 times. When he finished, he told a news reporter he had loved it although it sometimes was “painful” and “boring”. He also raised ￡46,000 for charity. Q:What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A. Raising money. B. Doing new movements. C. Going up and down stairs. √ 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 1. 解题技巧 此类试题需要通读某段或全文后,经过将句子提供的数据与文中其他信息的关系对比分析、计算得出正确答案。解题时,须弄清众多信息中哪些属于有用信息,哪些属于干扰信息;不要孤立地看待数字信息,还要抓住一些关键用语的意义。 类型 3 数字计算题 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 24 2. 数字计算题常用的句式: (1)How much does ... pay if ...? (2)How much should you pay if ...? (3)How many ... does ... have according to the passage? 【关键词】 How much, How many 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 3. 技巧训练 (2024 ·云南A篇改编) Monet’s Gardens Follow in Monet’s footsteps and enjoy yourselves in Monet’s Gardens. Here is some useful information about planning a visit to Monet’s Gardens. Online ticketing Tickets can be bought online. Sale starts from Sunday, May 12th, 2024. 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 Opening times Monet’s Gardens are open every day from March 29th, 2024 to November 1st, 2024, from 9:30 am to 6:00 pm. The latest entry(进入) is 5:30 pm. Prices ·Adults: € 11 ·Children over 7 and students: € 6.50 ·Children under 7: free 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 Safety ·Pets are not allowed. ·Picnic, painting, and drawing are not allowed. ·Bags over the size of 55cm×35cm×20cm are not allowed. 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 Q1: How many hours are Monet’s Gardens open every day? A. 7.5 hours. B. 8.5 hours. C. 9.5 hours. Q2: If Mr. Lee and Mrs. Lee with their 6-year-old son visit Monet’s Gardens, how much should they pay? A. € 17.50.　 B. € 22.　 C. € 28.50. √ √ 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 1. 解题技巧 写作手法题主要考查作者在开篇、说明事物或论述观点时运用了何种写作手段。这一题需要我们定位到原段或原文,抓好写作手法的关键词得出答案。 常见的写作手法为: (1)By raising/asking questions提问题 这一写作手法之下,往往会有问句或者问号(?)作为标记。 类型 4 写作手法题 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 30 (2)By giving examples举例子 作者会用到具体的实例,以及for example,as an example of等表达作为标记。 (3)By listing numbers列数字 这一手法常常会列举大量的数字,不断出现的数字便是标记。 (4)By giving a fact摆事实 文中会提到一些研究和发现作为支撑,故study,research,discovery等词汇便是线索。 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 (5)By using a saying引名言 文章引用一些名言来进行说明或论证,常常会有as the saying goes或者双引号(“”)作为标记。 (6)By giving/telling a reason讲道理 文章或段落给出原因,伴有why,because,so这样的关键词。 (7)By comparing facts作比较 这一手法会提到一些对比,常会用到but, however, by comparison, instead等词汇。 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 2. 写作手法题一般常用句式: (1)How does the writer start the passage/text? (2)How does the writer introduce the topic of ...? (3)How does the writer develop his ideas? (4)The writer shows “...” ________.  (5)How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 4? 【关键词】 start, develop, show, support 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 3. 技巧训练 (2024·广安D篇节选改编) What will the world of tomorrow be like? Many people today believe that technology is going to help solve some problems we have today. New technology may solve old problems, and it may also create new ones. No technology is perfect. Each has advantages and disadvantages. Here are three examples. Q: How does the writer start the passage? A. By asking a question. B. By giving a report. C. By giving advice. √ 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 1. 解题技巧 此类试题和主旨大意题以及标题归纳题密切相关,要求考生重点关注文章的首尾段和各段的首尾句,找到主题句,抓住文章主旨,由主旨推断作者的写作意图。具体有以下两种方法: (1)主旨推断法:写作目的是阐述作者为何要表达某个中心主题,因此可根据文章或段落的主旨推断作者的写作目的。 (2)文体推断法:不同体裁的文章有不同的写作目的,因此可根据文体的特点来推断。故事类记叙文的写作目的通常是使读者感到快乐;广告类应用文的写作目的是推销产品或提供服务;议论文的写作目的是阐述论点;科普类说明文的写作目的是介绍科学知识。 类型 5 写作意图题 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 35 2. 写作意图题一般常用句式: (1)What is the main purpose of the passage? (2)The purpose of this passage is to ________.  (3)The author wrote this article to ________.  (4)What is the main purpose for writing the passage? 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 3. 技巧训练 (2024·深圳B篇节选改编) After a 10-year project to count tuna and other large fish in the world’s oceans, scientists have made a very surprising discovery: these fish are almost gone. Because of too much fishing, almost 90 percent of the worldwide population of large fish—the ones we usually eat—has disappeared. If we don’t act, these animals will totally disappear. That will influence every animal in the ocean. 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 The demand for fish is growing. Almost a billion people around the world get their protein(蛋白质) mostly from fish. Doctors praise seafood for being low in fat. But what seems like a healthy choice for humans is causing a disaster to our oceans. “People are consuming(消费) too much,” says Lance Morgan, a scientist at the Marine Conservation Biology Institute. A dish of tuna in restaurants costs more than just one animal’s life. When fish like tuna disappear from the ecosystem(生态系统), the ocean’s food chain(链) breaks down. Animals such as sharks, which normally eat tuna, may die because they find no food. 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 The news may be scary, but taking action from now on can prevent harm that hasn’t happened yet. World organizations are ordering countries to stop fishing too much. The Monterey Bay Aquarium gives seafood choices to anyone hoping to keep healthy without destroying the environment. “If you care about wildlife, first spend time and think about your own values and beliefs,” says Morgan. “Then decide what you’re going to eat.” 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 Q: What’s the purpose of the text? A. To tell people to stop polluting our oceans. B. To tell people to protect wildlife in oceans. C. To tell people to avoid eating too much seafood. √ 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 1. 解题技巧 (1)注意主题段。主题段通常在文章的开头,简要概括文章的中心思想。 (2)找出或者总结每段的主题句。主题句可能在段落的开头,也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。 (3)最后根据每段主题确定段与段之间的结构关系。为突出主题,作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章,通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。 类型 6 篇章结构题 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 41 2. 篇章结构题一般常用句式: (1)Which/What is the right structure(结构) of the passage? (2)Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 3. 技巧训练 (2024·贵州B篇节选) 　　Some people are worried about the effect that social media has on the lives of young people. The following text was written by a reporter: He tried to find out whether social media has a positive or negative effect on children. 1. Social media websites are communities where users can share photos and talk to each other online. They are very popular—millions of people use social media every day. Although some people think social media is a positive thing, many are worried about the negative effects it can have on young people. 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 2. James, a 15-year-old student, thinks that social media has many benefits. “I get very nervous when I talk to people in real life—I find it so much easier to express myself when I use social media. Another advantage is that I hardly ever forget anyone’s birthday now because I can look it up online!” Lots of users agree that social media helps young people stay connected to their friends and make new friends from around the world. 3. However, social media also has many problems. Social media may help young people find friends, but it also makes it easier for bullies to hurt 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 them. Some parents believe that social media makes it harder for families to spend time together. They say their children are so crazy about social media that they ignore(忽视) the rest of their family. Many teachers think social media can distract(使某人分心) their students from schoolwork. 4. There is no doubt that social media has some problems, and it is very important to avoid spending too much time online. However, generally speaking, social media can be a positive thing for young people. It is a way for nervous people to make friends and for young people to stay connected. 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 Q: Which is the correct structure of this text? (P1=Paragraph 1) A. B. C. √ 首页 目录 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 真题感知 命题研究 破题技巧 46 请完成《练测本》题型二 阅读选择 本讲内容结束 $$