专题03+阅读理解之说明文（期末真题好题速递）（陕西专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

专题03 阅读理解之说明文 （一） （23-24高一下·陕西西安·期末） Tim Berners-Lee the father of the World Wide Web, once said, “I hope we will use the Net to cross barriers and connect cultures.” Nowadays, how important have Internet become in our lives on earth? Tho Pew Research Center conducted a survey to celebrate: the Web’s 25th birthday. The researchers were greatly heartened (振奋) by what they found. “In 2006 only 14 percent of American adults used Internet. Today, it’s 87 percent,” said Lee Rainie, the director of the Pew Research Center’s Internet Project. “It is what has impressed us the most.” The survey also showed that 70 percent of the Internet users have been treated kindly or generously online, white 25 percent of respondents said they have been treated, unkindly. More than half - 56 percent of users said they’ve seen an online community come together to help someone solve a problem. 25 percent said they’ve left an online group because members were too unpleasant. When Pew asked questions about whether being online has enriched people’s relationships — or not — the results were very positive: 67 percent of Internet users said, their online communication with family. and friends has generally strengthened those relationships. Only 18 percent said, it has generally weakened those relationships. According to the survey, 53 percent of Internet users said Internet has become the hardest tech tool to give up. It is 15 percent higher than the result of a similar survey conducted in 2006. In fact, more people said they would have a harder time stopping using Internet than giving up TV.  (These days; so much great television streams across the Internet that it makes sense. ) “In our survey, we have found that the Web makes a few people very unhappy. There’s strong evidence pointing to the fact that Internet users tend to compare their daily lives with the highlight moments of their friends’ lives,” said Lee Rainie. “It’s really silly.” 1．Why is Tim Berners - Lee’s quote mentioned? A．To introduce the father of all the technology area. B．To prove the reality is opposite to his hope. C．To emphasize the barriers about the Net remain to be solved. D．To show the significance of the Net. 2．What impressed the researchers most? A．Severe addiction to the Internet. B．Kind and generous communities. C．A growing number of Internet users. D．The improved family relationships 3．The survey, is, persuasive mainly by ______. A．listing data B．telling stories C．analyzing reasons D．stating the arguments 4．According the last paragraph, what might Lee Rainie agree with? A．It’s harder to give up TV than Internet. B．It’s advised to treat others’ highlight moments with an ordinary mind. C．To satisfy all users is the goal of the Web. D．Posting daily highlights online should not be allowed. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“互联网在我们生活中的重要性”这一主题展开，通过引用Tim Berners-Lee的话作为引言，然后详细描述了Pew Research Center进行的一项关于互联网使用的调查，包括互联网使用的普及率、互联网对人际关系的影响、互联网作为难以放弃的科技工具等方面。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Tim Berners - Lee the father of the World Wide Web, once said, “I hope we will use the Net to cross barriers and connect cultures.” Nowadays, how important have Internet become in our lives on earth? Tho Pew Research Center conducted a survey to celebrate: the Web’s 25th birthday. The researchers were greatly heartened (振奋) by what they found.(万维网之父Tim Berners - Lee曾经说过：“我希望我们将利用网络跨越障碍，连接文化。”如今，互联网在我们的生活中有多重要？皮尤研究中心进行了一项调查来庆祝：网络的25岁生日。研究人员对他们的发现感到非常振奋。)”可知，文章中首段引用了Tim Berners-Lee的话，然后文章开始讨论互联网在现代社会中的重要性，以及Pew Research Center进行的一项关于互联网使用的调查。因此，引用Tim Berners-Lee的话是为了强调互联网的重要性。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段““In 2006 only 14 percent of American adults used Internet. Today, it’s 87 percent,” said Lee Rainie, the director of the Pew Research Center’s Internet Project. “It is what has impressed us, the most.”(2006年，只有14%的美国成年人使用互联网。今天，这个数字是87%，”皮尤研究中心互联网项目主任Lee Rainie说。“这是给我们印象最深的。”)”可知，最让研究人员印象深刻的是互联网用户数量的不断增长。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段““In 2006 only 14 percent of American adults used Internet. Today, it’s 87 percent,” said Lee Rainie, the director of the Pew Research Center’s Internet Project. “It is what has impressed us, the most.”(2006年，只有14%的美国成年人使用互联网。今天，这个数字是87%，”皮尤研究中心互联网项目主任Lee Rainie说。“这是给我们印象最深的。”)”、第三段“The survey also showed that 70 percent of the Internet users have been treated kindly or generously online, white 25 percent of respondents said they have been treated, unkindly. More than half - 56 percent of users said they’ve seen an online community come together to help someone solve a problem.25 percent said they’ve left an online group because members were too unpleasant（调查还显示，70%的网民在网上受到过友好或慷慨的对待，而25%的受访者表示他们受到过不友好的对待。超过一半(56%)的用户表示，他们看到过一个在线社区聚集在一起帮助别人解决问题。25%的人说他们离开了一个网络群，因为成员们太不愉快了。）”可知，文章在描述调查结果时，多次使用了具体的数据来支持其观点。这些数据使得调查结果更加具有说服力和可信度。因此，该调查主要是通过列举数据来说服读者的。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““In our survey, we have found that the Web makes a few people very unhappy. There’s strong evidence pointing to the fact that Internet users tend to compare their daily lives with the highlight moments of their friends’ lives,” said Lee Rainie. “It’s really silly.”(“在我们的调查中，我们发现网络让一些人非常不开心。有强有力的证据表明，互联网用户倾向于将自己的日常生活与朋友生活中的精彩时刻进行比较。”“这真的很愚蠢。”)”可以推断出，Lee Rainie可能同意我们应该以平常心对待他人生活中的精彩瞬间，而不是过度比较或羡慕。故选B。 （二） （23-24高一下·陕西宝鸡·期末） Travel the World Virtually-Leave home without leaving home Have you ever longed to take a trip, but you just don’t have the time or the financial resources? If so, consider touring via virtual reality (VR), which has embraced tourism with open arms. This innovative technology is reshaping the way people experience destinations by breaking down geographical barriers and providing unique journeys. An AI tour is cost-effective and allows you to see the world without leaving the comfort of your living room. You might argue that you don’t have a VR headset, but no matter. Two travel styles are available: monoscopic and stereoscopic. Monoscopic VR videos can be viewed on a mobile phone or a computer. By clicking on or dragging across the screen to rotate (旋转) the field of view, you are able to explore an entire area. Stereoscopic VR videos use VR headsets that make you feel as if you were actually present at a destination. The software in the headsets tracks your head movement, so by just turning your head, you can explore each new scene in a more realistic way. No matter which method you choose to “travel,” these virtual travel experiences aim to give you a credible experience. Besides inspecting an area that you might want to visit but can’t, you can virtually preview a place and make more informed decisions about it. You’re able to clearly see the exact location of a hotel or the distance from it to surrounding attractions. Make no mistake, travel agencies, hotels and destination marketing organizations are using this tool to their advantage. By creating virtual experiences, businesses can amaze their audience and arouse interest in specific destinations or accommodations. VR in tourism goes beyond leisure; it also plays a vital role in education and cultural preservation. By digitally documenting, archiving (把……归档) and sharing its information, the nonprofit CyArk is aiding in the preservation of endangered cultural heritage sites through VR exploration. To foster a broader understanding of the world, students can now take virtual field trips to formerly inaccessible historical sites and cultural landmarks. 1．Which of the following is NOT the advantage of touring via virtual reality? A．reasonable expenses B．geographical limits C．pre-trip decisions D．cultural awareness 2．Which one of the following is the characteristic of stereoscopic? A．You can explore the entire area on your phone. B．You can actually be present at your destination. C．You can explore each new scene by dragging across the screen. D．The software in the headsets is necessary and helpful. 3．VR in tourism can benefit the following except ______? A．travel enthusiasts with a tight schedule B．disabled people with accessibility challenges C．tourism-related businesses D．students eager to experience practical field trips 4．Where can you probably find the passage? A．a geography text book B．a tourist advertisement C．a scientific website D．a health guide handbook 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了虚拟现实旅游的好处以及操作原理。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“This innovative technology is reshaping the way people experience destinations by breaking down geographical barriers and providing unique journeys.(这项创新技术通过打破地理障碍和提供独特的旅程，重塑了人们体验目的地的方式)”可知，地理限制不是虚拟现实旅游的优势。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Stereoscopic VR videos use VR headsets that make you feel as if you were actually present at a destination. The software in the headsets tracks your head movement, so by just turning your head, you can explore each new scene in a more realistic way. No matter which method you choose to “travel,” these virtual travel experiences aim to give you a credible experience.(立体VR视频使用VR头显，让你感觉好像你真的在目的地。耳机中的软件会跟踪你的头部运动，所以只要转动你的头，你就可以以更逼真的方式探索每个新场景。无论你选择哪种方式“旅行”，这些虚拟旅行体验都旨在给你一个可信的体验)”可知，耳机里的软件是必要且有用的是立体VR的特征。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Besides inspecting an area that you might want to visit but can’t, you can virtually preview a place and make more informed decisions about it.(除了参观一个你可能想去但不能去的地方，你还可以虚拟预览一个地方，并做出更明智的决定)”以及“Make no mistake, travel agencies, hotels and destination marketing organizations are using this tool to their advantage. By creating virtual experiences, businesses can amaze their audience and arouse interest in specific destinations or accommodations.(毫无疑问，旅行社、酒店和目的地营销组织都在利用这一工具。通过创造虚拟体验，企业可以让他们的受众感到惊讶，并引起对特定目的地或住宿的兴趣)”可知，D选项“学生渴望体验实际的实地考察”不是受益的方面。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Have you ever longed to take a trip, but you just don’t have the time or the financial resources? If so, consider touring via virtual reality (VR), which has embraced tourism with open arms. This innovative technology is reshaping the way people experience destinations by breaking down geographical barriers and providing unique journeys. An AI tour is cost-effective and allows you to see the world without leaving the comfort of your living room.(你是否曾经渴望去旅行，但你只是没有时间或经济资源？如果是这样，可以考虑通过虚拟现实旅游，VR已经张开双臂拥抱旅游业。这项创新技术通过打破地理障碍和提供独特的旅程，重塑了人们体验目的地的方式。人工智能之旅成本低廉，让你不用离开舒适的客厅就能看到世界)”结合文章主要说明了虚拟现实旅游的好处以及操作原理。可知，文章选自科学网站。故选C。 （三） （23-24高一下·陕西宝鸡·期末） The Mystery of Dark Matter Astronomers have long known that the visible matter in the universe cannot account for all of the gravitational forces that are holding galaxies together. There simply isn’t enough mass in stars, gas, and dust to explain why galaxies aren’t flying apart. The solution to this problem is to postulate (假定) the existence of dark matter, a hypothetical (假定的) substance that can’t be seen but whose presence can be inferred from its gravitational effects. There are several candidate particles (粒子) that might make up dark matter. One of the most popular is the WIMP (weakly interacting massive particle). WIMPs are predicted by some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and they would interact with normal matter only via the weak force and gravity. A number of experiments have been carried out in an attempt to detect WIMPs, but so far none have succeeded. However, new experiments are being developed that will be much more sensitive to the presence of WIMPs. Although the evidence for dark matter is very strong, there is still much that we don’t know about it. For example, we don’t know what dark matter is made of, how much of it there is, or whether it interacts with itself in any way other than through gravity. Despite these uncertainties, the concept of dark matter is very useful for explaining the properties (性质) of the universe on a large scale. In fact, it has become an essential part of our understanding of how the universe evolved. 1．What is the problem that dark matter solves? A．It explains why galaxies are flying apart. B．It accounts for all the matter in the universe. C．It describes the properties of visible matter. D．It provides a hypothetical substance for astronomers to study. 2．What is a WIMP? A．a massive star B．a substance made of gas and dust C．a hypothetical particle that interacts weakly with normal matter. D．a theory that explains the properties of dark matter 3．What is the current status of experiments to detect WIMPs? A．They have all been successful. B．They have all failed. C．They have been inconclusive. D．They are being developed to be more sensitive. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Dark matter is a mysterious substance. B．WIMPs are the key to understanding dark matter. C．Experiments to detect dark matter have been unsuccessful. D．Dark matter is important for explaining the properties of the universe. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是暗物质以及对于暗物质的研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“There simply isn’t enough mass in stars, gas, and dust to explain why galaxies aren’t flying apart. The solution to this problem is to postulate (假定) the existence of dark matter, a hypothetical (假定的) substance that can’t be seen but whose presence can be inferred from its gravitational effects.(恒星、气体和尘埃中没有足够的质量来解释为什么星系没有分开。这个问题的解决方案是假设暗物质的存在，这是一种无法看到的假想物质，但可以从它的引力效应推断出它的存在)”可知，暗物质解释了为什么星系会飞离。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“WIMPs are predicted by some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and they would interact with normal matter only via the weak force and gravity.(WIMP是由粒子物理学标准模型的一些扩展所预测的，它们只会通过弱力和引力与正常物质相互作用)”可知，WIMP是一种假想的粒子，它与正常物质的相互作用很弱。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“A number of experiments have been carried out in an attempt to detect WIMPs, but so far none have succeeded. However, new experiments are being developed that will be much more sensitive to the presence of WIMPs.(为了探测WIMP，已经进行了大量的实验，但到目前为止还没有成功。然而，正在开发的新实验将对WIMP的存在更加敏感)”可知，检测WIMP的实验目前正在被开发得更加敏感。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“There simply isn’t enough mass in stars, gas, and dust to explain why galaxies aren’t flying apart. The solution to this problem is to postulate (假定) the existence of dark matter, a hypothetical (假定的) substance that can’t be seen but whose presence can be inferred from its gravitational effects.(恒星、气体和尘埃中没有足够的质量来解释为什么星系没有分开。这个问题的解决方案是假设暗物质的存在，这是一种无法看到的假想物质，但可以从它的引力效应推断出它的存在)”结合文章主要解释了什么是暗物质以及对于暗物质的研究。可知，这篇文章的主旨是暗物质对解释宇宙的性质很重要。故选D。 （四） （23-24高一下·陕西西安·期末） A Japanese company tried to land the first M1 private space vehicle on the Moon. However, on 25 April, 2023, the M1 spacecraft became the latest in a long line of Moon missions that didn’t quite make it. Until now, only three government - funded space agencies have soft - landed on the Moon and only China is successful in its first attempt. Why is it so hard to touch down safely on the Moon? Getting a mission to the Moon, around 384,000 kilometres from the Earth, is much more intricate than sending a satellite into low - Earth orbit — and failures can occur early on, even for missions that don’t plan to land. This happened with NASA’s Lunar Flashlight mission, a small spacecraft that was launched in December, 2022 and was supposed to map the Moon’s ice. Its engines stopped working soon after launch. Even if a lander makes it to the neighborhood of the Moon, it still has to find its way down to the surface with no global - positioning satellites for guidance and virtually no atmosphere to help to slow it down. Once it gets within the critical (关键的) last few kilometres, its software has to deal quickly and autonomously with any last - minute challenges, such as its sensors potentially becoming confused by large amounts of dust kicked up by the engines. To pull off a successful landing in such a challenging environment, the government- funded space agencies have spent huge amount of money on repeated tests and have learned a lot from each failed and successful attempt. “In the 1960s, when the United States and the Soviet Union were racing to land there, they crashed spacecraft after spacecraft before each finally succeeded in 1966,” says Stephen Indyk, director of space systems at Honeybee Robotics in Greenbelt, Maryland. “Without lessons learned from the setbacks (挫折) and successes, it’s a lot to ask of a private company to get it right in the first attempt.” 1．What can be learned about M1 spacecraft? A．It became the latest unsuccessful Mars mission. B．It was launched by an American private company. C．It was the company’s first public- funded space vehicle. D．It failed to soft- land on the surface of the Moon. 2．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “intricate” in Paragraph 3? A．Simple B．Demanding. C．Inflexible. D．Unfortunate. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The reasons to land on the Moon. B．The necessity of teamwork. C．The landing challenges. D．The costs of space exploration. 4．In which part of a magazine can we read this passage? A．Technology. B．Environment C．Culture. D．Economy. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了月球与地球的距离、月球的环境特点、以及历史上政府资助的太空机构在月球着陆方面的经验和教训，说明了月球着陆的复杂性和挑战性。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A Japanese company tried to land the first M1 private space vehicle on the Moon. However, on 25 April, 2023, the M1 spacecraft became the latest in a long line of Moon missions that didn’t quite make it.(一家日本公司试图将首个MI私人太空飞行器降落在月球上。然而，在2023年4月25日，M1太空飞行器成为了众多未能成功完成的月球任务中的最新一个。)”可知，MI太空飞行器未能成功在月球表面软着陆。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据划线单词下文“failures can occur early on , even for missions that don’t plan to land.(而且即使是不打算着陆的任务，也可能在早期就出现失败)”可推测，执行登月任务比将卫星送入近地轨道要复杂、要求高。选项A“Simple (简单的)”；选项B“Demanding (要求高的)”；选项C“Inflexible (不灵活的)”；选项D“Unfortunate (不幸的)”。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Even if a lander makes it to the neighborhood of the Moon, it still has to find its way down to the surface with no global - positioning satellites for guidance and virtually no atmosphere to help to slow it down. Once it gets within the critical（关键的）last few kilometres, its software has to deal quickly and autonomously with any last - minute challenges, such as its sensors potentially becoming confused by large amounts of dust kicked up by the engines.(即使着陆器到达了月球附近，它仍然需要在没有全球定位卫星引导和几乎没有大气层帮助减速的情况下找到降落到月球表面的路。一旦进入关键的最后几公里，它的软件必须迅速自主地处理任何最后一分钟的挑战，比如它的传感器可能会被引擎扬起的大量灰尘弄糊涂。)”可知，本段主要讲述了在如此具有挑战性的环境中成功着陆需要面对的挑战。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，这篇文章主要讨论了日本公司尝试将首个私人太空飞行器M1降落在月球上但未能成功的情况，以及月球着陆的复杂性和挑战性。文章涉及了太空技术、太空任务和太空探索等方面的内容，这些都是与科技紧密相关的。因此，这篇文章最有可能出现在杂志的“Technology(科技)”部分。故选A。 （五） （23-24高一下·陕西榆林·期末） Google is the most popular Internet search engine in the world. It was invented by two students, Larry Page and Sergey Brin. They met in 1993, when they were studying computer science at Stanford University, USA．They dreamed of producing something that could also answer any question in seconds. Internet search engines at that time were slow and gave many websites that weren’t useful. In January, 1996, Page and Brin decided to make a better and faster search engine. They thought the results should be based on the most popular websites. Nobody would give them money for their project, so they used their own money. They also borrowed money from family and friends. Then, in 1998, they were given a cheque (支票) for $100,000, and they started their own company. Their first office was in a friend’s garage. The company’s name is Google, a word which comes from mathematics. A “google” is a very high number — 1 followed by a hundred zeros. The Google search engine was soon used by thousands of people worldwide because it was fast, easy and correct. By 2002 it was the biggest search engine on the Internet. Now, more questions have been answered by Google than any other Internet service, from sport to science, and from music to medicine. Google hopes that in the future all the world’s information will be put on the Internet, so that everybody can find everything. 1．Who invented the search engine Google? A．Two college students. B．Two college teachers. C．Two high school students. D．Two high school teachers. 2．When was the name of “Google” used? A．In 393. B．In 396. C．In 398. D．In 402. 3．Which statement is NOT true according to the passage? A．The Google search engine was invented by two students. B．The company of Google was in a garage at first. C．The name of Google comes from biology. D．The service of the Google search engine is very popular. 4．Where is this passage from? A．A geography text. B．A science magazine. C．A travel advertisement. D．An environmental report. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了谷歌—最受欢迎的互联网搜索引擎的发明过程以及其广泛应用性。 1．细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“Google is the most popular Internet search engine in the world. It was invented by two students, Larry Page and Sergey Brin. They met in 393, when they were studying computer science at Stanford University, USA (谷歌是世界上最受欢迎的互联网搜索引擎。它是由两名学生拉里·佩奇和谢尔盖·布林发明的。他们于393年在美国斯坦福大学学习计算机科学时相识)”可知，两个大学生发明了搜索引擎谷歌。故选A。 2．细节理解题。文章第四段讲到“Then, in 398, they were given a cheque(支票) for $100,000, and they started their own company. Their first office was in a friend’s garage. The company’s name is Google, a word which comes from mathematics. (然后，在398年，他们得到了一张10万美元的支票，并创办了自己的公司。他们的第一间办公室在朋友的车库里。这家公司的名字叫谷歌，这个词来自数学。)”可知，“谷歌”这个名字是398年开始使用的。故选C。 3．细节理解题。第一段讲到“Google is the most popular Internet search engine in the world. It was invented by two students, Larry Page and Sergey Brin. They met in 393, when they were studying computer science at Stanford University, USA (谷歌是世界上最受欢迎的互联网搜索引擎。它是由两名学生拉里·佩奇和谢尔盖·布林发明的。他们于393年在美国斯坦福大学学习计算机科学时相识)”可知，两个大学生发明了搜索引擎谷歌。A项正确；文章第四段讲到“Their first office was in a friend’s garage. The company’s name is Google, a word which comes from mathematics. (他们的第一间办公室在朋友的车库里。这家公司的名字叫谷歌，这个词来自数学。)”可知，B项“谷歌公司起初是在一个车库里”正确；文章最后一段讲到“ The Google search engine was soon used by thousands of people worldwide because it was fast, easy and correct.(谷歌搜索引擎很快被全球数千人使用，因为它快速、简单、正确。)”可知，D项“谷歌搜索引擎的服务很受欢迎”正确；文章第四段讲到“The company’s name is Google, a word which comes from mathematics. (这家公司的名字叫谷歌，这个词来自数学。)”可知，这个词来自数学。所以，不正确的“谷歌的名字来源于生物学”。故选C。 4．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了谷歌—最受欢迎的互联网搜索引擎的发明过程以及其广泛应用性。文章第一段讲到“Google is the most popular Internet search engine in the world. It was invented by two students, Larry Page and Sergey Brin. They met in 1993, when they were studying computer science at Stanford University, USA (谷歌是世界上最受欢迎的互联网搜索引擎。它是由两名学生拉里·佩奇和谢尔盖·布林发明的。他们于1993年在美国斯坦福大学学习计算机科学时相识)”可推知，这段话来自一本科学杂志。故选B。 （六） （23-24高一下·陕西咸阳·期末） For any astronaut hoping to survive on the surface of the moon, growing crops will be important. Now, scientists have taken “one small step” towards growing plants on the lunar surface, after showing it’s possible to grow thale cress (阿拉伯芥), a small flowering plant, in the lunar soil. The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions, and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement. “For future, longer space missions, we may use the moon as a launching platform,” explained Professor Rob Ferl. “It makes sense that we would want to use the soil that’s already there to grow plants.” Until now, scientists have not grown plants in the soil. “So, what happens when you grow plants in the lunar soil? What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse? Could we have lunar farmers?” Professor Ferl questioned. To answer these questions, researchers from Florida set out to plant thale cress seeds in the lunar soil, add water, nutrients and light, and see what happened. The researchers chose to use thale cross because its genetic code has already been fully mapped. For comparison, the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils, including those that are similar to the Martian soil. To their delight, the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew. However, they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grow n in the control soils. Some of the plants grown in the lunar soil were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size. “Growing plants in the lunar soil may also change the moon itself,” according to Dr. Stephen Elardo. “The moon is a very, very dry place,” he said. How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them, with the added water and nutrients? Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants? The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow-up studies. 1．What’s the second paragraph mainly about? A．The plants grown in the lunar soil. B．The significance of the findings. C．The missions of future space exploration. D．The hope for setting up a lunar settlement. 2．Why did researchers use thale cress in the experiment? A．It has a long evolutionary history. B．Its genes are suitable for the lunar soil. C．People have a good knowledge of its genes. D．It has been tested with the lunar soil before. 3．What did researchers find about the plants grown in the lunar soil? A．They didn’t grow well enough. B．They grew slowly in the dark. C．They absorbed few minerals. D．They needed more water to grow bigger. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Growing plants in the lunar soil doesn’t need any water. B．The lunar soil is actually not suitable for growing plants. C．Growing plants in the lunar soil is as easy as that in normal soil. D．There are still problems on growing plants in the lunar soil to be solved. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，即在月球土壤中种植植物是可能的，这一发现为未来在月球上种植作物提供了希望，也为人类在月球上建立定居点提供了可能。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段第一句“The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions(任务), and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement.（这一发现增加了人们对未来太空任务期间在月球上种植植物的希望，甚至使人类能够在月球上建立一个定居点。）”可知，第二段主要讲的是这一发现的意义。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code(基因序列)has already been fully mapped.（研究人员选择使用荠蓝，因为它的基因序列已经完全绘制出来了。）”可知，研究人员在实验中使用荠蓝是因为人们对它的基因有很好的了解。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“Some of the plants grown in the lunar soil were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size.（一些在月球土壤中生长的植物较小，而另一些生长较慢或大小不一。）”可知，研究人员发现生长在月球土壤中的植物生长得不够好。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them, with the added water and nutrients? Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants? The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow-up studies.”（加上增加的水和营养，月球土壤中的矿物质对在其中种植植物会有什么反应？加水会使矿物质对植物更友好吗?研究人员希望在后续研究中回答这些问题。）可知，在月球土壤中种植植物还存在一些问题需要解决。故选D。 （七） （23-24高一下·陕西榆林·期末） Ancestors left us many valuable things and intangible cultural heritage is one of them. It includes things like music, art, sports and other social practices. With a knife, scissors and a comb, people in Shanxi can creatively turn the dough (面团) into different characters. The common ones are babies and animals. During many festivals, even now, they are sent to friends and family as gifts. But few young people can make them. More than 1,000 years ago, the Bai people used Tie-dye (扎染) to make colorful clothes. During the Tang and Song dynasties, it was popular. In the 1960s, it became a fashion in the US. Now some children learn it in their art classes. Hope more of them can join. As one of the most famous styles, Shu Embroidery (蜀绣) is known for its smooth needlework (针线) and beautiful colors. However, because of cheaper products made by modern machines, fewer people buy handmade embroidery products, so the skill is in danger. Luckily, some young people are learning it. West Lake Longjing Tea Roasting Technique (炒茶技术) is an important part of Chinese tea culture. Although machines can do the job now, the quality is not good. Only by hand can we make tea leaves have the best color, shape and taste. We need to pass it down and let more young people learn it. 1．Which is the intangible cultural heritage in Shanxi? A．Tea Roasting Technique. B．Dough Sculpture. C．Tie-dye. D．Shu Embroidery. 2．What can Tie-dye be used to make? A．Different characters. B．Colorful clothes. C．Smooth needlework. D．Roast tea. 3．According to the passage, how can we pass on these four kinds of cultural heritage? A．By using the Internet to spread them. B．By introducing the art forms to foreigners. C．By encouraging young people to learn them. D．By using more new skills to make the products. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个中国非物质文化遗产：面塑、扎染、蜀绣和炒茶技术，并呼吁更多的年轻人学习这些文化遗产来传承它们。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“With a knife, scissors and a comb, people in Shanxi can creatively turn the dough (面团) into different characters. (用刀、剪刀和梳子，山西人可以创造性地把面团变成不同的人物)”可知，面塑是山西的非物质文化遗产。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“More than 1,000 years ago, the Bai people used Tie-dye (扎染) to make colorful clothes. (一千多年前，白族人用扎染制作色彩鲜艳的衣服)”可知，扎染被用于制作色彩鲜艳的衣服。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But few young people can make them. (但很少有年轻人能制作它们)”、第三段中“Now some children learn it in their art classes. Hope more of them can join. (现在一些孩子在美术课上学习它。希望更多的人能加入)”、第四段中“Luckily, some young people are learning it. (幸运的是，一些年轻人正在学习它)”和第五段中“We need to pass it down and let more young people learn it. (我们要把它传承下去，让更多的年轻人学习)”可知，这些文化遗产都需要年轻人来学习，我们可以通过鼓励年轻人学习来传承它们。故选C项。 （八） （23-24高一下·陕西渭南·期末） Should humans explore space? If you ask me, I’ll definitely give a positive answer. The exploration of space has a direct impact on the lives of humans, as well as the state of our world. Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the world, connecting people of different continents and broadcasting information worldwide. The Global Positioning System (GPS) can identify our location anywhere. Furthermore, weather satellites can predict harmful weather conditions. It allows humans to prepare for deadly natural disasters and save lives. Space programs can also indirectly contribute to the solution to poverty and world hunger. For example, large pieces of land could be used far better if humans applied technologies. The most effective tool is the artificial earth satellite. It can screen areas of land within a very short time, indicating useful measures such as the condition of crops, soil rainfall and droughts. It can then send this information to ground stations on the earth for better use. Furthermore, access to better education means better life prospects and opportunities for human beings. Rural (乡村的) communities have disadvantaged access to education. And satellite communication technologies are trying to bridge this gap. With the development of technology, students can now access any information and connect with peers and teachers in different parts of the world through video conferences and the creation of virtual classrooms. Space exploration is something we can do for future generations. Mankind is using the resources provided on the planet, but these will run out one day. Overpopulation can be a threat for all mankind. With the development of space technology, it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets, such as the availability of mining resources on asteroids or other planets. 1．What can space exploration do according to Paragraph 2? A．Improve the traffic on the earth. B．Promote travel between countries. C．Help prevent deadly natural disasters. D．Help humans communicate and exchange information. 2．How can space programs help with poverty and world hunger? A．By benefiting crop production with artificial earth satellites. B．By transporting food worldwide more easily. C．By creating job opportunities for the poor. D．By protecting available electricity resources. 3．What does the author think of exploring mining resources on other planets? A．Time-wasting. B．Arguable C．Necessary. D．Useless. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Why Is Space Exploration Important? B．Why Should Humankind Keep Thinking? C．Why Should We Recover Space Technology? D．Why Should Humans Keep Developing Technologies? 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章具体介绍了进行探索太空的好处和必要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the world, connecting people of different continents and broadcasting information worldwide. (围绕地球运行的卫星使世界各地的通信成为可能，它将不同大陆的人们联系在一起，向全世界广播信息。)”可知，太空探索可以帮助人类沟通和交换信息。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The most effective tool is the artificial  earth satellite. It can screen areas of land within a very short time, indicating useful measures such as the condition of crops, soil rainfall, and droughts. It can then send this information to ground stations on the earth for better use. (最有效的工具是人造地球卫星。它可以在很短的时间内对陆地区域进行筛选，指示诸如作物状况、土壤降雨和干旱等有用的措施。然后，它可以将这些信息发送到地球上的地面站，以便更好地利用。)”可知，太空项目可以通过利用人造地球卫星促进作物生产来帮助消除贫困和世界饥饿。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Mankind is using the resources provided on the planet, but these will run out one day. Overpopulation can be a threat for all mankind. With the development of space technology, it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets, such as the availability of mining resources on asteroids  or other planets. (人类正在使用地球上提供的资源，但这些资源总有一天会耗尽。人口过剩可能对全人类构成威胁。随着太空技术的发展，使用和探索其他行星的巨大潜力将是明智的，例如小行星或其他行星上的采矿资源的可用性。)”可知，地球上的资源是有限的，利用太空技术去使用和探索其他行星的巨大潜力是明智之举。由此可知，作者认为在其他星球上开采资源是必要的。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Should humans explore space? If you ask me, I’ll definitely give a positive answer. (人类应该探索太空吗？如果你问我，我肯定会给一个肯定的答案。)”可知，文章认为人类应该进行太空探索，具体介绍了探索太空的好处和必要性。因此，A项“为什么太空探索很重要？”符合文章主旨，最适合作为标题。故选A项。 （九） （23-24高一下·陕西西安·期末） Organic (不使用化肥的) farmers produce food with least help from pesticides (杀虫剂), but in limiting the use of chemicals on their own land, they may be unknowingly causing an increase in pesticide use over their neighbour’s fence (栅栏). Ashley Larsen at the University of California and her colleagues looked into land-use and pesticide data across 14,000 fields in Kern County, California. The researchers found that when organic farmland is surrounded by conventional (传统的) agriculture, neighbouring farmers seem to increase their pesticide use, with a 10% rise in organic cropland being linked to a 0.3% increase in total pesticide use on conventional fields. Most of this is driven by greater use of pesticides, the researchers found. This may be because more insects tend to live on organic land and spill over into neighbouring fields, causing conventional farmers there to increase pesticide use, according to Larsen. The effect appears strongest when neighbouring fields are within 2.5 kilometres of the organic “focal field”. However, the researchers noted that the presence of organic farmland is linked to a reduction in pesticide use on neighbouring organic fields, with a 10% increase in the area of nearby organic cropland being related to a 3% decrease in total pesticide use on organic focal fields. This may be because the larger area of organic farmland allows for a bigger and more stable (稳定的) community of beneficial insects. When organic agriculture makes up a high rate of farmland — perhaps 20% or more — net pesticide use decreases no matter where the organic fields are sited, say the researchers. But when small areas of organic farmland — like in Kern County, where about 5.5% of agricultural land is organic — evenly spread through the landscape, net pesticide use may in fact be higher than when no organic farming is present. However, this impact can be softened by bunching up organic farmland. Larsen said, “It might be worth considering how to encourage the concentration of new organic fields to basically take full advantage of its pest control benefits and limit the costs of being organic to conventional growers. 1．What’s the influence of organic farmland on neighbouring conventional fields? A．A decrease in production. B．An increase in pesticide use. C．A decrease in insect population. D．An increase in beneficial insects. 2．What is key to reducing total pesticide use in an area according to paragraph 4? A．The stability and population of beneficial insects. B．The farmers’ choice of crops to grow. C．The location of the smallest organic farmland. D．The population of organic farmers. 3．What does the underlined part “bunching up” in the last paragraph mean? A．Looking into. B．Clearing away. C．Setting up. D．Joining together. 4．What is the primary focus of the researchers’ study mentioned in the text? A．The economic impact of organic farming. B．The environmental benefits of organic farming. C．The relationship between organic farming and pesticide use. D．The value of organic produce compared with the conventional. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章详细分析了有机农业对周围农田农药使用的影响，基于加州大学的研究数据，探讨了有机农场与周围传统农业区农药使用之间的关系。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The researchers found that when organic farmland is surrounded by conventional (传统的) agriculture, neighbouring farmers seem to increase their pesticide use, with a 10% rise in organic cropland being linked to a 0.3% increase in total pesticide use on conventional fields.(研究人员发现，当有机农田被传统农业所包围时，邻近的农民似乎会增加他们的农药使用量，有机农田每增加10%，传统农田的农药使用量就会增加0.3%。)”可知，当有机农田被传统农业包围时，邻近的农民似乎会增加他们的农药使用，有机农田增加10%与常规农田农药总使用量增加0.3%相关。这意味着有机农田对邻近的常规农田产生了农药使用量增加的影响。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“This may be because the larger area of organic farmland allows for a bigger and more stable (稳定的) community of beneficial insects.(这可能是因为有机农田的更大面积允许有更大和更稳定的有益昆虫群落。)”可知，在有机农田面积较大的情况下，有益昆虫的数量和稳定性增加，这有助于减少农药的使用。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“Larsen said, “It might be worth considering how to encourage the concentration of new organic fields to basically take full advantage of its pest control benefits and limit the costs of being organic to conventional growers.( Larsen说：“也许值得考虑的是，如何鼓励新的有机农田集中种植，以充分利用其防治害虫的好处，并限制传统种植者种植有机作物的成本。”)”可知，Larsen建议可将有机农田集中种植。由此推测，划线单词的意思和“将……聚集一起”相似。选项A“Looking into(调查)”；选项B“Clearing away (清理)”；选项C“Setting up (建立)”；选项D“Joining together (聚集)”。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Organic (不使用化肥的) farmers produce food with least help from pesticides (杀虫剂), but in limiting the use of chemicals on their own land, they may be unknowingly causing an increase in pesticide use over their neighbour’s fence (栅栏).(不使用化肥的农民在生产粮食时很少使用杀虫剂，但在限制自己土地上使用化学品的过程中，他们可能在不知不觉中导致了邻居栅栏上农药使用量的增加。)”可知，第一段就明确提出了不使用化肥的农民在限制自己土地上化学品使用的同时，可能无意中增加了邻居农田的农药使用量。接下来的段落进一步详细分析了这种关系，包括有机农田对周围传统农田农药使用量的影响，以及有机农田聚集在一起时如何减轻这种影响。因此，研究的主要焦点是有机农业与农药使用之间的关系。故选C。 （十） （23-24高一下·陕西商洛·期末） Elephants’ important role in maintaining biodiversity and healthy ecosystems has earned them various names including ecosystem engineers and forest gardeners. However, African forest elephants — a species living in the rainforests of central Africa — are increasingly recognized by another name: “climate heroes”. African forest elephants help lessen climate change by increasing carbon storage in their forest habitats, meaning they help remove heat-trapping CO2 from the atmosphere. They do this by influencing the forest structure, including by increasing the diversity and abundance of plant species. It’s estimated that one forest elephant can increase the net carbon capture (捕获) capacity of the forest by almost 250 acres. This is equal to removing from the atmosphere a year’s worth of emissions (排放量) from 2,047 cars. “As strange as it seems, all that eating and destruction help the forest pull more carbon out of the air,” says Alison Pearce Stevens in the book Animal Climate Heroes! . Elephants eat more than 400 pounds of food a day, so they spend a lot of time searching for food. As they walk through the forest, they do a lot of damage to the surrounding smaller trees, leading to the survival of trees that have the ability to absorb and store more CO2. In addition, their thirst for fruits also helps to promote forest growth. This is because elephants disperse fruit seeds. In other words, the seeds pass through the elephant bodies until they drop back to the forest floor. But African forest elephants are seriously endangered and continue to face threats. These mainly come from hunting for the illegal international trade in elephant ivory (象牙), but also from habitat loss and fewer food sources. The number of forest elephants fell by more than 86% over a period of 31 years, and their habitats are thought to have reduced by 75%. Protecting forest elephants and the forests they depend on means we are safeguarding their ecological contributions that we all rely on. 1．How do African forest elephants help relieve climate change? A．They increase the diversity of wildlife species. B．They help to maintain the plants of the forest. C．They take in heat-trapping CO2 from the atmosphere. D．They promote the net carbon capture ability of the forest. 2．What does the underlined word “disperse” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Consume. B．Preserve. C．Spread. D．Gather. 3．What are the threats facing African forest elephants? A．Illegal hunting and habitat loss. B．The disturbed balance of the forest ecosystem. C．Natural disasters resulting from climate change. D．Competition for water sources with other animals. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Preserving Forests: Elephants’ Contribution B．New Role of African Forest Elephants: Climate Heroes C．Ivory Trade Threatens African Forest Elephants D．Forest Elephants Are Approaching the Edge of Extinction 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲森林象有助于提升森林的碳捕获能力减缓气候变化被称作“气候英雄”，以及它们面临的威胁。 1．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“It’s estimated that one forest elephant can increase the net carbon capture (捕获) capacity of the forest by almost 250 acres. (据估计，一头森林大象可以使森林的净碳捕获能力增加近250英亩。)”可知，非洲森林象通过提高森林的碳捕获能力来帮助减缓气候变化。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据划线词的上文“In addition, their thirst for fruits also helps to promote forest growth. (此外，它们对水果的渴望也有助于促进森林的生长)”以及下文“In other words, the seeds pass through the elephant bodies until they drop back to the forest floor.( 换句话说，种子穿过大象的身体，直到它们掉回森林地面)”可知，大象喜欢吃水果，而水果的种子通过大象的排泄从大象体内回到森林地面，这帮助散播了水果种子，有助于促进森林的生长。故disperse 同spread “传播”意思相近。故选C。 3．细节理解题。文章最后一段中“These mainly come from hunting for the illegal international trade in elephant ivory (象牙), but also from habitat loss and fewer food sources. The number of forest elephants fell by more than 86% over a period of 31 years, and their habitats are thought to have reduced by 75%. (这些主要来自对象牙非法国际贸易的狩猎，也来自栖息地的丧失和食物来源的减少。在31年的时间里，森林大象的数量减少了86%以上，它们的栖息地被认为减少了75%)”可知，非洲森林象面临的主要威胁是非法狩猎、栖息地丧失和食物来源减少。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段“Elephants’ important role in maintaining biodiversity and healthy ecosystems has earned them various names including ecosystem engineers and forest gardeners. However, African forest elephants — a species living in the rainforests of central Africa — are increasingly recognized by another name: “climate heroes”. (大象在维持生物多样性和健康生态系统方面的重要作用为它们赢得了各种各样的名字，包括生态系统工程师和森林园丁。然而，非洲森林象——一种生活在中非热带雨林中的物种——越来越多地被另一个名字所认可：‘气候英雄’。)”可知，本文主要讲述了非洲森林象如何通过增加森林的碳捕获能力来缓解气候变化，被称作“气候英雄”，以及非洲森林象所面临的威胁；因此，最适合的标题是B选项“非洲森林象的新角色：气候英雄”，故选B。 （十一） （23-24高一下·陕西渭南·期末） Of the many colorful Romanian traditions that are brought to life every year, the Bear Dance is one of the most inspiring. This folk tradition dates back to thousands of years ago. Traditionally, the arrival of the “bears” starts by a small group of “irozi”, who blow whistles (口哨) to a rhythm set by the head bear tamer (训兽师). Chosen for his leadership skills, the head tamer is the one who decides when each of the acts is played and gives the cues. The “bears” dance to the beat set by the pan flutes and the drums. Wearing the special costumes requires strength and must be handled with confidence, to look fierce, with the heaviest of costumes weighing up to 50 kilos. When the person wearing the costume is standing up straight, the “bear” looks up. During the dance, the wearer must bend forward and shake his or her body to the left and to the right while taking small steps either to the front or to the side. The Bear Dance symbolizes the death and rebirth of time. The Bear Dance sees men of all ages, and increasingly more women, who are dressed in real bear skins and dance to the rhythm of pan flutes and drums to drive off evil spirits and ring in the new year. Performed between Christmas and New Year’s Eve, this ancient ritual brings together the whole community, who gather to watch the performance. By tradition, the procession of the Bear Dance, which includes 6 to 24 “bears”, would visit every family of the village, accompanied by up to three singing bear tamers, several characters wearing women’s clothes and drummers. While this tradition is still observed in many villages, in cities and towns it usually takes the form of a parade that takes place at the end of a major performance in the center. 1．What do we know about the Bear Dance? A．It is performed by bears only. B．It is better celebrated in cities. C．It is a tradition with a long history. D．It is used for daily sports by the locals in Romania. 2．How does the Bear Dance begin? A．Several characters beat drums. B．The head bear tamer dances to a rhythm. C．Some performers blow the pan flutes. D．A group of people blow whistles. 3．Why do the locals hold the Bear Dance every year? A．To welcome the arrival of the new year. B．To celebrate a good harvest in the past year. C．To call on people to protect wild animals. D．To provide themselves with a way to have fun. 4．Which section of a magazine is the text probably taken from? A．Nature. B．Culture. C．Economy. D．Environment. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了罗马尼亚最鼓舞人心的传统之一“熊舞”的相关情况。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“This folk tradition dates back to thousands of years ago.(这个民间传统可以追溯到几千年前。)”可知，熊舞是一个有着悠久历史的传统，故选C。 2．推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Traditionally, the arrival of the “bears” is announced by a small group of “irozi”, who blow whistles (口哨) to a rhythm set by the head bear tamer (训兽师).   (传统上，“熊”的到来是由一小群“伊罗兹”宣布的，他们根据驯兽师设定的节奏吹口哨。)”可知，熊舞是以一群人按照驯兽师设定的节奏吹口哨开始。故选D。 3．细节理解题。由文章第五段中“The Bear Dance sees men of all ages, and increasingly more women, who are dressed in real bear skins and dance to the rhythm of pan flutes and drums to drive off evil spirits and ring in the new year.   (参加“熊舞”的有各个年龄层的男人，也有越来越多的女人，他们穿着真正的熊皮，随着笛子和鼓的节奏跳舞，以驱除邪恶的灵魂，迎接新的一年。)”可知，当地人每年都要举行熊舞，迎接新的一年。故选A。 4．推理判断题。由文章第一段“Of the many colorful Romanian traditions that are brought to life every year, the Bear Dance is one of the most inspiring.   This folk tradition dates back to thousands of years ago.(在每年丰富多彩的罗马尼亚传统中，熊舞是最鼓舞人心的传统之一。这个民间传统可以追溯到几千年前。)”可知，文本可能取自杂志的文化部分。故选B。 （十二） （23-24高一下·陕西榆林·期末） Growing evidence shows that dancing can boost brain health and help manage neurocognitive (神经认知的) disorders. So what is it about dance that’s different from other regular exercises? Helena Blumen, a cognitive (认知的) scientist at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, says the complex (复杂的) mental multitasking that dance requires involves various parts of the brain at the same time. Basically, dancing requires more brain power than simpler repetitive (重复的) exercises. While scientists are still learning how the mechanisms of dancing work in the brain, a clearer picture is beginning to appear. Researchers at Otto von Guericke University in Magdeburg, Germany, did MRI scans of older adults who had participated in one of two programs over a six -month period. One group practiced dance and the other did a traditional exercise program with cycling and strength training. While both groups improved their level of physical fitness, the dancers grew more white and gray matter in the parts of the brain responsible for cognitive processes. Both white and gray matter typically decline as we get older, making communication in the brain slow. Imagine your brain is a city with loads of roads. The researchers assume the changes brought by dancing contribute to brain plasticity, which is like the city’s ability to build new roads, repair old ones or even change the direction of traffic based on how often the routes are used and what the city needs. In addition to the physical and neurological (神经学的) benefits, dance can also help people accept what their bodies can and can’t do. Dawnia Baynes, 44, developed multiple sclerosis (MS) after her body lose all feeling from the chest down. She recently joined an online dance program for people with MS. Not only has it improved her range of motion, it has also helped her overcome her fear of being judged for how she moves. “To see other people moving is like I’m moving,” she says, “and knowing that I don’t have to be professional and super technical in my dancing makes me comfortable with where I am right now.” 1．What does the mental multitasking involve according to the text? A．A variety of parts of the brain. B．Picturing abstract images. C．Simple repetitive exercises. D．High level of physical fitness. 2．What does the underlined word “plasticity” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Damage. B．Location. C．Flexibility. D．Process. 3．What is the main idea of the Paragraph 5? A．Dancing is a professional exercise. B．Dancing can benefit people physically and neurologically. C．Dancing has improved people’s range of emotion. D．Dancing can help people develop greater self-acceptance. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Dance for Better Health B．Take Proper Exercise C．Accept What You are D．Manage Neurocognitive Disorders 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过阐述跳舞对大脑健康的益处，解释了跳舞与其他常规运动的不同之处，并提到了相关的科学研究结果，旨在向读者普及关于跳舞对大脑健康的科学知识和益处。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Helena Blumen, a cognitive (认知的) scientist at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, says the complex (复杂的) mental multitasking that dance requires involves various parts of the brain at the same time. Basically, dancing requires more brain power than simpler repetitive (重复的) exercises.（阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学院(Albert Einstein College of Medicine)的认知科学家海伦娜·布鲁门(Helena Blumen)说，跳舞需要大脑的多个部分同时参与复杂的多任务处理。基本上，跳舞比简单的重复练习需要更多的脑力。）可知，根据课文，心理多任务处理涉及到大脑的不同部分。故选A项。 2．词义猜测题。根据划线单词下文“which is like the city’s ability to build new roads, repair old ones or even change the direction of traffic based on how often the routes are used and what the city needs.”（这就像城市建造新道路、修复旧道路的能力，甚至可以根据道路的使用频率和城市的需求改变交通方向。）以及上文“Imagine your brain is a city with loads of roads.”（想象你的大脑是一座有很多路的城市。）可知，在本段中作者将大脑比作一个有很多道路的城市，并提到跳舞带来的变化有助于大脑的“plasticity”，这个能力就像城市能够基于道路的使用频率的城市需求建设新道路，修复旧道路或改变交通方向。这种能够适应和变化的能力与选项C项“Flexibility(灵活性)”相符。故选C项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“In addition to the physical and neurological (神经学的) benefits, dance can also help people accept what their bodies can and can’t do. Dawnia Baynes, 1, developed multiple sclerosis (MS) after her body lose all feeling from the chest down. She recently joined an online dance program for people with MS. Not only has it improved her range of motion, it has also helped her overcome her fear of being judged for how she moves.”（除了对身体和神经系统的好处，舞蹈还可以帮助人们接受他们的身体能做什么和不能做什么。1岁的Dawnia Baynes在胸部以下失去知觉后患上了多发性硬化症。她最近参加了一个针对多发性硬化患者的在线舞蹈课程，这不仅提高了她的活动范围，还帮助她克服了因动作而被评判的恐惧。）可知，该段主要讲的是跳舞可以帮助人们发展更好的自我接纳，帮助人们接受自己的身体能力和局限。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Growing evidence shows that dancing can boost brain health and help manage neurocognitive (神经认知的) disorders. So what is it about dance that’s different from other regular exercises?”（越来越多的证据表明，跳舞可以促进大脑健康，有助于控制神经认知障碍。那么舞蹈和其他常规运动有什么不同呢？）以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了跳舞对大脑健康的好处，并解释了跳舞与其他常规运动的不同之处。文章还提到了相关的科学研究结果，以及跳舞如何帮助人们接受自己的身体和能力。因此，一个合适的标题应该是强调跳舞对健康的益处，选项A项“Dance for Better Health”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选A项。 （十三） （23-24高一下·陕西汉中·期末） The Bay Area is among the most diverse places in the country, a wonderful place filled with people of every background. Each of them brings something different to the mix, and takes it from their own experience. Their stories are the focus of Status Update, an exhibition of 14 projects offered by Rian Dundon and former WIRED contributor Pete Brook. The show at SOM Arts uses personal experience to show the Bay Area’s culture. The Bay Area is a microcosm of the national melting pot, a place where people of color comprise 58 percent of the overall population and are a majority in four of the region’s five counties. San Francisco in particular is the type of place where you can’t walk down the street without hearing another language. Yet the change is not all for the better. The gap between rich and poor is widening at a frightening speed, and San Francisco is becoming less diverse as minorities escape the city for more affordable communities elsewhere in the region. Status Update reflects these changes and the challenges they bring. Joseph Rodriguez’s Faces of Foreclosure features quiet images of people like Ethel Gist, a 68-year-old woman who lost her home in the East Bay suburb of Brentwood six years ago. Photographer Sam Wolson records Oakland resident Shannon Fulcher and his efforts to provide for his daughter. And Laura Morton documents millennials hoping to make their way to the top in Silicon Valley in her series Wild West Tech. The mix of mediums, styles and subject matter within the exhibit stresses the region’s great diversity of experiences and how they shape each other. Status Update starts a conversation about how the Bay Area is changing, and what people can do to build up a more just society. “I hope more humility (谦逊) and respect for our neighbors and communities and the ways we depend on one another,” Dundon says. “We’re all out here together.” 1．What are the artworks in Status Update mainly about? A．The friendliness of the people in the Bay Area. B．Beautiful constructions of the Bay Area. C．Real people’s lives in the Bay Area. D．The technological development of the Bay Area. 2．What is happening in San Francisco? A．It is getting harder and harder for minorities to make a living. B．The population in the region has been increasing in recent years. C．The region is facing a rapid economic slowdown. D．More and more local people tend to speak the same language. 3．What does Dundon expect of visitors? A．They can know more about themselves. B．They can respect the people around them in daily life. C．They can open their heart to other people. D．They can develop an interest in diverse cultures. 4．Which of the following may be the most suitable title for the passage? A．The Bay Area’s Past, Present and Future B．The Successful Experiences in the Bay Area C．An Exhibition About the Long and Rich History of the Bay Area D．An Exhibition About the Bay Area’s Diversity and Rapid Change 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Status Update展览，通过14个艺术项目展现旧金山湾区多元文化及其变迁，反映贫富差距扩大与少数族裔迁移问题，引发对建设更公正社会的思考。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段“The Bay Area is among the most diverse places in the country, a wonderful place filled with people of every background. Each of them brings something different to the mix, and takes it from their own experience.Their stories are the focus of Status Update, an exhibition of 14 projects offered by Rian Dundon and former WIRED contributor Pete Brook. The show at SOM Arts uses personal experience to show the Bay Area’s culture.(旧金山湾区是这个国家最多样化的地方之一，是一个充满了各种背景的人的美好地方。他们每个人都带来了一些不同的东西，并从他们自己的经验中汲取。他们的故事是Status Update的焦点，这是一个由Rian Dundon和前WIRED撰稿人Pete Brook提供的14个项目的展览。SOM艺术学院的展览用个人经历来展示湾区的文化)”可知，Status Update展览聚焦于人们的真实故事，通过个人经历展现了湾区的文化。Status Update的作品主要是关于旧金山湾区人们的真实生活。故选C。 2．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“The gap between rich and poor is widening at a frightening speed, and San Francisco is becoming less diverse as minorities escape the city for more affordable communities elsewhere in the region.(贫富差距正以惊人的速度扩大，随着少数族裔逃离旧金山，搬到该地区其他更便宜的社区，旧金山的多样性正在下降)”可知，旧金山少数民族越来越难以谋生了。故选A。 3．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Status Update starts a conversation about how the Bay Area is changing, and what people can do to build up a more just society. “I hope more humility (谦逊) and respect for our neighbors and communities and the ways we depend on one another,” Dundon says. “We’re all out here together.”(“状态更新”开启了一场关于湾区如何变化的对话，以及人们可以做些什么来建立一个更公正的社会。我希望对我们的邻居和社区以及我们彼此依赖的方式有更多的谦逊和尊重，”邓顿说。“我们都在一起。”)”可知，Dundon对游客的期望是他们可以在日常生活中尊重周围的人。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了Status Update展览，该展览通过个人故事反映了湾区文化的多样性以及面临的快速变化和挑战，尤其是关于少数族裔和经济不平等的问题。这篇文章最合适的标题是D选项（一个关于湾区的多样性和快速变化的展览）。故选D。 （十四） （23-24高一下·陕西西安鄠邑区第二中学·期末） Bumblebee (大黄蜂) populations have declined (下降) by 90 percent in the past 20 years. The decline of the bumblebees is highly concerning as they are significant for ecosystems. They pollinate (授粉) flowers and crops. If their populations were to continue to decline, crops would not be able to produce fruits and vegetables. Despite being small, they are important to nature’s balance. And now, a new study published in the Frontiers in Bee Science has found that the rising heat caused by global warming might be a reason for the decrease in numbers across the globe. “The decline in populations and ranges of several species of bumblebees may be explained by issues of overheating of the nests,” Peter Kevan of the University of Guelph in Canada and lead author of the study said in a statement. Kevan and his colleagues decided to take a closer look at the facts relating to bumblebee populations across the world. Kevan and the colleagues looked at 180 years of literature on the species and found one common reason across all bumblebee species that they can survive in temperatures up to 36 degrees Celsius, but the perfect temperature for nests is between 28 to 32 degrees Celsius. They are unlikely to be able to adjust themselves to the extent that rising temperatures due to climate change require, the study reports. While individual bees may be able to deal with increased heat better than others, the study notes that if nests are too hot, the groups will not survive. “The effect of high nest temperatures has not been studied very much, which is surprising,” Kevan said. Similar studies have been done on honeybees (蜜蜂), another threatened yet highly important species. This suggests further that heat stress is a major factor in bees’ overall decline. Although the studies led by Kevan have limitations, the potential effects for bumblebee health and conversation are large and long-term. 1．What do we know about bumblebees from paragraph 1? A．They have been extinct within decades in America. B．Their populations have decreased a lot in the last two decades. C．Americans are concerned about their living environment. D．They tend to depend on flowers and crops to survive. 2．How did Kevan and his coworkers carry out the study? A．They raised bumblebees to observe them. B．They focused on studying individual bumblebees. C．They conducted experiments on bumblebees. D．They studied literature on bumblebees. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward Kevan’s studies? A．Unclear. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Big Results for Small Bumblebees B．Bumblebees Protection Inspires Scientists C．The Impact of Climate Change on Honeybees D．Research Shows the Main Reason of Bumblebee Decline 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕大黄蜂种群数量下降的问题展开，解释了这一现象可能的原因——全球变暖导致的温度升高。文章通过引用研究数据、专家观点等，对大黄蜂的生态重要性、适应温度范围、以及高温对其种群的影响进行了说明。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Bumblebee (大黄蜂) populations have declined (下降) by 90 percent in the past 20 years. The decline of the bumblebees is highly concerning as they are significant for ecosystems. (大黄蜂的数量在过去的20年里下降了90%。大黄蜂的减少是高度关注的，因为它们对生态系统具有重要意义。)”可知，大黄蜂的数量在过去的二十年里大幅度减少。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Kevan and his colleagues decided to take a closer look at the facts relating to bumblebee populations across the world. Kevan and the colleagues looked at 180 years of literature on the species and found one common reason across all bumblebee species that they can survive in temperatures up to 36 degrees Celsius, but the perfect temperature for nests is between 28 to 32 degrees Celsius.(Kevan和他的同事们决定仔细研究一下与世界各地大黄蜂种群有关的事实。Kevan和他的同事们查阅了180年来关于这个物种的文献，发现了所有大黄蜂物种都能在36摄氏度的温度下生存的一个共同原因，但筑巢的最佳温度是28到32摄氏度。)”可知，Kevan和他的同事们查阅了180年来关于这个物种的文献，这说明他们是通过研究关于大黄蜂的文献来进行研究的。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Although the studies led by Kevan have limitations, the potential effects for bumblebee health and conversation are large and long-term.(虽然Kevan的研究存在局限性，但对大黄蜂健康和交流的潜在影响是巨大而长期的。)”可知，作者对Kevan的研究持支持态度。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“And now, a new study published in the Frontiers in Bee Science has found that the rising heat caused by global warming might be a reason for the decrease in numbers across the globe. “The decline in populations and ranges of several species of bumblebees may be explained by issues of overheating of the nests,” Peter Kevan of the University of Guelph in Canada and lead author of the study said in a statement.(现在，发表在《蜜蜂科学前沿》上的一项新研究发现，全球变暖导致的气温上升可能是全球蜜蜂数量减少的一个原因。加拿大圭尔夫大学的Peter Kevan是这项研究的主要作者，他在一份声明中说：“一些大黄蜂物种的数量和范围的下降可能是由于巢穴过热的问题造成的。”)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要围绕大黄蜂种群数量下降的问题展开，通过引用研究数据、专家观点等，解释了这一现象可能的原因——全球变暖导致的温度升高。选项D“Research Shows the Main Reason of Bumblebee Decline(研究揭示了大黄蜂数量下降的主要原因)” 准确概括了文章的主题。故选D。 （十五） （23-24高一下·陕西榆林·期末） With an average of 266 sunny days every year, 17 miles of world-class beaches, and adventures available year-round, San Diego is an ideal place for families to explore. Wander around at the San Diego Zoo The world-famous San Diego Zoo completely transformed its Children’s Zoo into the Wildlife Explorers Basecamp in 2022. It now features a treehouse -style activity area, kid -sized animal cave, and a big splash pad (喷水池). Plenty of bathrooms and changing areas make it convenient to get wet, dry off, and keep exploring. Watch sensory-friendly IMAX films Fleet Science Center in Balboa Park provides a hands-on approach to Science, presenting exhibits that explore themes like light, electricity, and the universe. In Studio X, a maker space, kids can design and construct projects like a wind-powered car, marble maze (大理石迷宫), or perhaps a lunar lander. On Accessibility Mornings every third Saturday of the month, families with sensory sensitivities can enter the museum an hour earlier and attend an IMAX showing with lower sound volume and brighter lighting. Sail through the air at Torrey Pines Gliderport Adventurous families can jump off a cliff (悬崖) and ride the wind over the beach with Torrey Pines Gliderport. Get a rush on a ride with a trained professional or take a lesson to learn the art of solo paragliding (滑翔伞) over sandstone cliffs. The gliderport is open seven days a week, weather permitting, and it accommodates various ages and experience levels. 1．What can visitors do at the San Diego Zoo? A．Direct an IMAX film. B．Ride a wind-powered car. C．Wander around. D．Have hands-on learning experiences. 2．Which family is suitable for IMAX films? A．The family who is interested in the culture. B．The family that is fond of fictions. C．The family who loves animals. D．The family that has sensory sensitivities. 3．Where’s the text probably from? A．A news report. B．A health column. C．A travel magazine. D．A science fiction. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了圣地亚哥的多个旅游景点和活动，如动物园，科学中心和滑翔伞基地，并强调了这些景点对家庭游客的吸引力。 1．细节理解题。根据Wander around at the San Diego Zoo(去圣地亚哥动物园逛逛)中“The world-famous San Diego Zoo completely transformed its Children’s Zoo into the Wildlife Explorers Basecamp in 2022. It now features a treehouse -style activity area, kid -sized animal cave, and a big splash pad. Plenty of bathrooms and changing areas make it convenient to get wet, dry off, and keep exploring.”（世界著名的圣地亚哥动物园在2022年将其儿童动物园完全改造成了野生动物探险者大本营。它现在有一个树屋式的活动区，一个儿童大小的动物洞穴和一个大的水花垫。大量的浴室和更衣区使它很方便地变湿，变干，并继续探索。）可知，游客在圣地亚哥动物园可以四处逛逛。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据Watch sensory-friendly IMAX films中“On Accessibility Mornings every third Saturday of the month, families with sensory sensitivities can enter the museum an hour earlier and attend an IMAX showing with lower sound volume and brighter lighting.”（每个月第三个周六的可访问上午，感官敏感的家庭可以提前一小时进入博物馆，观看音量更小、灯光更亮的IMAX放映。）可知，感官敏感的家庭适合看IMAX电影。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“With an average of 266 sunny days every year, 17 miles of world-class beaches, and adventures available year-round, San Diego is an ideal place for families to explore.”（每年平均有266个晴天，17英里的世界级海滩，全年都有冒险活动，圣地亚哥是家庭探索的理想场所。）以及全文内容可知，文章详细介绍了圣地亚哥的多个旅游景点和活动，如动物园，科学中心和滑翔伞基地，并强调了这些景点对家庭游客的吸引力。这种介绍旅游景点、活动和体验的文章风格更符合旅游杂志的特点。故选C项。 （十六） （23-24高一下·陕西汉中·期末） Coffee is an important part of Italian culture and since arriving here over six months ago, I have drunk a lot of it! Of course, coffee is also very popular in the UK but coffee culture in Italy is a completely different story. In Italy, when you order a coffee in a cafe or bar, you are served with a tiny, bitter espresso. This is “normal coffee” for Italians and they are not so interested in the huge coffees that we drink in the UK. If you want more than one sip (小口) of coffee in Italy, lungo is a good choice. It is espresso with a little more water added, but still served in a small cup. In addition, takeaway coffee is not very common at all in Italy. Generally, Italians prefer to drink their tiny coffees while standing at the bar and, for many, this short break is an important part of their day. Usually, breakfast in a bar in Italy includes a coffee and a pastry (酥皮糕点). I have been spoiled for choice with lovely cafés in the Italian town I’m living in. These cafés sell different kinds of mouth-watering pastries — either plain (无馅料的) or filled with cream, chocolate, etc.—as well as delicious coffee. Cappuccinos are very popular at breakfast time and, for me, a creamy cappuccino and a pastry with chocolate is the perfect way to start the day. Finally, I have found that coffee in Italy is so much cheaper than coffee in the UK. Normally, an espresso or a macchiato costs around a euro and a cappuccino about 1.50! They are small, of course, but this means that in Italy it is possible to go out for coffee every day without breaking the bank. 1．How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed? A．By following the time order. B．By making a comparison. C．By quoting some old sayings. D．By showing its influence. 2．Which coffee will you get in Italy if you order one without special instructions? A．Espresso. B．Lungo. C．Cappuccino. D．Macchiato. 3．What can we learn about the coffee culture in Italy? A．Takeaway coffee is very popular among Italians. B．Italians are very often seen drinking huge coffees. C．Italians like to take short breaks from work for coffee. D．Coffees are often served along with pastries during breakfasts. 4．In which part of a magazine can we read this passage? A．Technology. B．Art. C．Culture. D．History. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了意大利独特的咖啡文化，包括偏好浓缩咖啡、站着吧台快速享用、早餐搭配糕点的习惯，以及相较于英国有更实惠的价格，展现出意大利人对咖啡的喜爱与日常生活中不可或缺的地位。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Of course, coffee is also very popular in the UK but coffee culture in Italy is a completely different story. In Italy, when you order a coffee in a cafe or bar, you are served with a tiny, bitter espresso. This is “normal coffee” for Italians and they are not so interested in the huge coffees that we drink in the UK. If you want more than one sip (小口) of coffee in Italy, lungo is a good choice. It is espresso with a little more water added, but still served in a small cup. In addition, takeaway coffee is not very common at all in Italy. Generally, Italians prefer to drink their tiny coffees while standing at the bar and, for many, this short break is an important part of their day.(当然，咖啡在英国也很受欢迎，但意大利的咖啡文化完全是另一回事。在意大利，当你在咖啡馆或酒吧点咖啡时，你会得到一杯微苦的浓缩咖啡。这是意大利人的“普通咖啡”，他们对我们在英国喝的大杯咖啡不太感兴趣。在意大利，如果你想喝不止一口咖啡，lungo是一个不错的选择。这是一种浓缩咖啡，加了一点水，但仍然装在一个小杯子里。此外，外卖咖啡在意大利并不常见。一般来说，意大利人喜欢站在吧台边喝他们的小咖啡，对许多人来说，这个短暂的休息是他们一天中重要的一部分。)”可知本段通过对比意大利和英国的咖啡文化来展开论述，指出意大利人通常饮用浓缩咖啡，并且不太倾向于喝英国人常见的大杯咖啡。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In Italy, when you order a coffee in a cafe or bar, you are served with a tiny, bitter espresso. This is “normal coffee” for Italians and they are not so interested in the huge coffees that we drink in the UK. (在意大利，当你在咖啡馆或酒吧点咖啡时，你会得到一杯微苦的浓缩咖啡。这是意大利人的“普通咖啡”，他们对我们在英国喝的大杯咖啡不太感兴趣。)”可知，在意大利，如果不特别说明，点一杯咖啡默认就是浓缩咖啡（espresso）。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Usually, breakfast in a bar in Italy includes a coffee and a pastry (酥皮糕点). 通常，意大利酒吧的早餐包括咖啡和酥皮糕点。)”可知，在意大利，早餐通常包括咖啡和酥皮糕点。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Coffee is an important part of Italian culture and since arriving here over six months ago, I have drunk a lot of it!(咖啡是意大利文化的重要组成部分，自从六个多月前来到这里，我喝了很多咖啡!)”并通读全文，可知本文主要讲述了意大利的咖啡文化，属于文化类话题。我们可以在杂志的“文化”部分读到这篇文章。故选C。 （十七） （23-24高一下·陕西宝鸡渭滨·期末） Why are some people more motivated to handle difficult things? And is there a way to make doing difficult things easy? To answer this question, we need to look at this: dopamine (多巴胺). Dopamine is often considered a pleasure molecule (分子). But that’s not quite what it does. Dopamine is what makes us desire things. And it’s that desire that gives us the motivation to get up and do things. In fact, your brain considers something more important than others mainly depending on how much dopamine it’s expecting to get. If an activity releases too little dopamine, you won’t have much motivation to do it. But if an activity releases a lot of dopamine, you’ll be motivated to repeat it, over and over. So which behavior releases dopamine? Any activity where you expect there’s a possible reward releases it. And in today’s digital society, we are flooding our brains with unnaturally high amounts of dopamine on a daily basis, even if we don’t know it. Some examples of high dopamine behavior include: visiting social media websites, playing video games, etc. And you might think, “Oh so what? It’s not like it’s harming me in any way.” But you’d be wrong. Our bodies have a biological system called homeostasis (体内动态平衡). Whenever an imbalance occurs, our body adapts to it. Basically your brain gets used to having high levels of dopamine and those levels become your new normal. Thus you develop a dopamine tolerance. This can be a huge problem because the things that don`t give you as much dopamine don’t interest you any longer. That’s why people tend to prefer playing video games or surfing the Internet, compared to studying or working on their business. But it is possible to make doing difficult things feel easier. Separate yourself from the unnaturally high amounts of dopamine, or at least expose yourself to it far less frequently. Only then will normal, everyday, low dopamine activities become exciting again and you’ll be able to do them for longer. That’s why you might want to limit your phone and computer usage, along with other high dopamine-releasing behavior. We are all dopamine addicts to a certain extent. And that’s a good thing because dopamine motivates us to achieve our goals and improve ourselves. But it’s up to you to decide where you’re going to get your dopamine. Are you going to get it from things that don’t benefit you? Or are you going to get it from working on your long-term goals? The choice is yours. 1．According to the passage, dopamine is what __________. A．determines our mindset B．motivates us to act C．enables us to tackle difficult tasks D．causes our emotions 2．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about? A．The adaptability of our brain. B．The problem of dopamine tolerance. C．The imbalance of the dopamine levels. D．The biological system called homeostasis. 3．What does the author suggest to make doing difficult things feel easier? A．Reducing the usage of digital devices. B．Making difficult things more exciting C．Forcing our body to adapt to dopamine. D．Exposing ourselves more to social media. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Being addicted to dopamine benefits us. B．Dopamine can be made use of to better ourselves. C．Dopamine is to blame for our improper behaviour. D．Working on long-term goals releases more dopamine. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。多巴胺是一种可以让人产生欲望驱动人们做事情的东西，但是现在社会的人们往往由于接触电子设备等东西产生了多巴胺耐受性，这让人们对低多巴胺的事情不再感兴趣。如何利用多巴胺来提升自我是需要我们自己选择的事情。文章对此进行了介绍。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“Dopamine is what makes us desire things. And it’s that desire that gives us the motivation to get up and do things.(多巴胺让我们产生欲望。正是这种欲望给了我们起床做事的动力。)”可知，多巴胺可以给我们行动的动力。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段前两句“And you might think, “Oh so what? It’s not like it’s harming me in any way.” But you’d be wrong.(你可能会想，“哦，那又怎样？这对我没有任何伤害。”但你错了。)”和第六句第七句“Thus you develop a dopamine tolerance. This can be a huge problem because the things that don`t give you as much dopamine don’t interest you any longer.(因此，你会产生多巴胺耐受性。这可能是一个大问题，因为不能给你那么多多巴胺的事情不再让你感兴趣。)”可知，第四段主要是讲多巴胺耐受性会带来的问题。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“That’s why you might want to limit your phone and computer usage, along with other high dopamine-releasing behavior.(这就是为什么你可能想要限制手机和电脑的使用，以及其他高多巴胺释放行为。)”可知，作者建议通过减少使用数码设备让做困难的事情变得容易。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“And that’s a good thing because dopamine motivates us to achieve our goals and improve ourselves.(这是一件好事，因为多巴胺会激励我们实现目标，提高自我。)”可知，多巴胺可以用来提升自己。故选B。 （十八） （23-24高一下·陕西铜川市第一中学 期末） Joyce Loaiza, aged 81, lives alone, but when she returns to her apartment at a Florida senior community, she often has a chat with a friendly female voice that asks about her day. A few miles away, the same voice comforted 83-year-old Deanna Dezern when her friend died. In central New York, it plays games and music for 92-year-old Marie Broadbent, who is blind and in a hospice (救济院), and in Washington, it helps 83-year-old Jan Worrell make new friends. The women are some of the first in the country to receive the robot ElliQ, whose creators, Intuition Robotics, say it is the only device to use artificial intelligence specifically designed to help many older Americans who live alone. “It’s interesting. You can actually talk to ElliQ,” said Loaiza. “She’ll make comments like, ‘I would go outside if I had hands, but I can’t hold an umbrella.’” The robot, which looks like a small table lamp, has an eyeless, mouthless head that lights up and swivels (旋转). It remembers each user’s interests and their conversations, helping plan future chats. ElliQ tells jokes and plays music. On a video screen, it provides tours of cities and museums. It leads exercises, asks about the owner’s health and gives reminders to take medications. It can also host video calls and contact relatives, friends or doctors in an emergency. But none of the conversations are heard by the company, with the information staying on each owner’s robot. The idea of ElliQ is for a robot that keeps seniors company by adapting to their individual personality and interests, said Dor Skuler, the CEO of the company. The average user talks with ElliQ more than 30 times daily, even 6 months after receiving it, and more than 90% report lower levels of loneliness, Skuler added. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By giving examples. B．By listing numbers. C．By telling a story. D．By making comparisons. 2．What is paragraph 5 about? A．How ElliQ feels. B．How ElliQ was created. C．What ElliQ can do. D．What people think of ElliQ. 3．What can be learned about ElliQ? A．It can lower the levels of complaints. B．It adapts itself to different users. C．It offers a connection between the seniors. D．It can completely replace the company of the family. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．AI Robot Opens a New World B．AI Robot Relieves People’s Pressure C．AI Robot Gets Popular with Young People D．AI Robot Helps Seniors Fight Loneliness 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了ElliQ是一款专为孤独老年人设计的人工智能机器人，能够通过个性化互动、娱乐、健康咨询和提醒服务来降低老年人的孤独感。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Joyce Loaiza, aged 81, lives alone, but when she returns to her apartment at a Florida senior community, she often has a chat with a friendly female voice that asks about her day. A few miles away, the same voice comforted 83-year-old Deanna Dezern when her friend died. In central New York, it plays games and music for 92-year-old Marie Broadbent, who is blind and in a hospice (救济院 ), and in Washington, it helps 83-year-old Jan Worrell make new friends.(乔伊斯·洛艾萨，81岁，独自生活，但当她回到佛罗里达州一个老年人社区的公寓时，她经常与一个友好的女性声音聊天，询问她的一天过得如何。几英里外，当83岁的迪安娜·德泽恩的朋友去世时，同样的声音安慰着她。在纽约市中心，它为92岁的玛丽·布罗德本特（Marie Broadbent）玩游戏和音乐，她是盲人，住在临终关怀院。在华盛顿，它帮助83岁的简·沃雷尔（Jan Worrell）结交新朋友。)”可知，作者通过提供乔伊斯·洛艾萨等几位老年人与ElliQ互动的具体例子来引入主题，展示了机器人在老年人生活中的实际应用。故选A项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第五段“ElliQ tells jokes and plays music. On a video screen, it provides tours of cities and museums. It leads exercises, asks about the owner’s health and gives reminders to take medications. (ElliQ会讲笑话和播放音乐。在视频屏幕上，它提供城市和博物馆的游览。它引导做运动，询问主人的健康状况，并提醒服药。)”可知，第五段主要描述了ElliQ的功能，包括娱乐、教育、健康咨询和提醒服务。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The idea of ElliQ is for a robot that keeps seniors company by adapting to their individual personality and interests, said Dor Skuler, the CEO of the company. (公司首席执行官多尔·斯库勒说，ElliQ的理念是成为一个能够适应老年人个性和兴趣的陪伴机器人。)”可知，ElliQ能够根据不同用户的特点进行个性化适应，这是它的核心特性之一。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The average user talks with ElliQ more than 30 times daily, even 6 months after receiving it, and more than 90％ report lower levels of loneliness, Skuler added. (斯库勒补充道，平均用户每天与ElliQ交谈超过30次，即使在收到它6个月后也是如此，超过90%的用户报告孤独感减少。)”可知，文章通过描述ElliQ如何减少老年人的孤独感，强调了这款AI机器人在帮助老年人方面的作用，因此D选项“人工智能机器人帮助老年人抗击孤独”是最佳标题。故选D项。 （十九） （23-24高一下 陕西西安市第八十五中学 期末） An Inuit-developed app, named SIKU after the Inuktitut for “sea ice”, allows local communities from Alaska to Greenland to connect traditional knowledge with scientific data to track changes in the environment, and make decisions about how to manage wildlife. A group of Inuit elders and hunters from Sanikiluaq, Nunavut, thought up the idea for SIKU more than ten years ago to document and understand the changing sea ice they were seeing in southeastern Hudson Bay. The group turned to the local non-profit Arctic Eider Society (AES) to develop a web-based platform (平台). Over the years, SIKU has developed, and recently, the elders saw that the platform could help address a familiar challenge: sharing knowledge with younger people who often have their noses in their phones. In 2019, SIKU was reintroduced as a full-fledged (全面发展的) social network — a platform where members can post photos and notes about wildlife sightings, hunts, sea ice conditions and more. The posts tell stories of hunting and traveling; the impacts of climate change and industrial activity; and the traditions, diets and illnesses of local animals. Inuit communities are already using the app to inform important decisions. In 2021, for example, elders in Sanikiluaq were worried that the local reindeer (驯鹿) population had reduced, so the Hunters and Trappers Association used SIKU to survey hunters and look at recent reported harvest rates. The information led the association to close the hunt for a short time to reduce pressure on the population and to reintroduce hunting slowly when the number of reindeer increased. Traditionally, Inuit communities shared this information orally (口头上地). “We have lived in the environment for centuries and know about the wildlife. Now armed with SIKU, information is documented in a way that other people will understand. The advantage of SIKU is that it’s part science and part Inuit knowledge and it supports community-driven research,” says Lucassie Arragutainaq, a co-founder of AES. 1．What was the purpose of developing SIKU in the beginning? A．To raise money for AES. B．To pass on Inuit tradition. C．To attract more visitors to Inuit communities. D．To record and learn about the changing sea ice. 2．Why is reindeer mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To further prove the role of SIKU. B．To advise people to pay more attention to SIKU. C．To call on visitors and locals to protect reindeer. D．To tell the benefits of the Hunters and Trappers Association. 3．What is the attitude of Lucassie Arragutainaq toward SIKU? A．Doubtful. B．Worried. C．Puzzled. D．Supportive. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．SIKU: Overcoming Environmental Challenges B．SIKU: Informing Decision Of Local Communities C．SIKU: Joining Traditional Wisdom To Modern Technology D．SIKU: Advantages Over Other Local Social Media Platforms 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项由因纽特人开发的应用程序SIKU。它帮助当地社区整合传统知识和科学数据，追踪环境变化，并作出管理野生动物的决策。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“A group of Inuit elders and hunters from Sanikiluaq, Nunavut, thought up the idea for SIKU more than ten years ago to document and understand the changing sea ice they were seeing in southeastern Hudson Bay.(十多年前，一群来自努纳武特地区萨尼基卢阿的因纽特老人和猎人想出了建立SIKU的想法，以记录和了解他们在哈德逊湾东南部看到的海冰变化。)”可知，起初，一群因纽特老人和猎人为了记录和了解他们在哈德逊湾东南部所看到的海冰变化而提出和开发了SIKU。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。通过阅读第四段内容可知，该段的中心主旨句为首句“Inuit communities are already using the app to inform important decisions.(因纽特人社区已经在使用该应用程序为重要决策提供信息。)”，因此可推知，该段提到驯鹿的案例是为了进行事实举例论证，说明社区已经在使用这款应用程序为重要决策提供信息，即进一步证明SIKU所起的作用。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Lucassie Arragutainaq所说的话“Now armed with SIKU, information is documented in a way that other people will understand. The advantage of SIKU is that it’s part science and part Inuit knowledge and it supports community-driven research(现在有了SIKU，信息以其他人能够理解的方式被记录下来。SIKU的优势在于它部分是科学知识，部分是因纽特人的知识，它支持社区驱动的研究)”可知，Lucassie Arragutainaq认为在SIKU的帮助下，信息以一种其他人能理解的方式记录下来，可以实现科学知识和因纽特人的知识相互结合，以支持社区驱动的研究。由此推知，Lucassie Arragutainaq对SIKU持支持的态度。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通过阅读文章内容可知，文章首段内容“An Inuit-developed app, named SIKU after the Inuktitut for “sea ice”, allows local communities from Alaska to Greenland to connect traditional knowledge with scientific data to track changes in the environment, and make decisions about how to manage wildlife.(一款因纽特人开发的应用程序，以因纽特人的‘海冰’的名字命名为SIKU，允许从阿拉斯加到格陵兰岛的当地社区将传统知识与科学数据联系起来，以跟踪环境变化，并就如何管理野生动物做出决定。)”介绍了文章的主要内容，即，一款名为SIKU的应用程序，帮助当地社区整合传统知识和科学数据，追踪环境变化，同时作出管理野生动物的决策。选项C“SIKU: Joining Traditional Wisdom To Modern Technology(SIKU：将传统智慧与现代技术相结合)”高度概括了文章内容，最适合作本文标题。故选C项。 （二十） （23-24高一下·陕西铜川市第一中学 期末） The Giving Voice Chorus (合唱团) was created in 2014 by Mary Lenard, a former director of the Alzheimer’s Association of Minnesota-North Dakota. With co-worker Marge Ostroushko, who has taken care of a parent with Alzheimer’s disease(AD), a brain disorder that gets worse over time, Lenard set out to create an environment where people with AD and their caregivers felt supported and comfortable. “People with AD sometimes withdraw and often are not included in the community,” she says. “Marge and I recognized that music and singing are ways for people with AD to still be included and join in life.” In the beginning, the chorus was made up of 30 people, including volunteers from the community who helped with small tasks during chorus practice, such as helping singers find the printed music in their binders (活页夹) if they lost their place. Since then, the Giving Voice Chorus has grown to two additional choruses, with more than 180 members overall. “We don’t do auditions, and we don’t care what AD cases you have or the stage of your disease,” says Lenard. “As long as you enjoy the experience, anyone can be part of the group. It’s a place where everyone belongs.” Lenard says, “When we first started out, Marge and I didn’t know if people with AD were going to move away from the place where they ought to be or get upset.” But the opposite has happened. “There’s a positive change we see in people when they’re singing songs they love. They’re smiling, and there’s joy and laughter. It’s really special.” “People with AD might have difficulty learning a new song or coming up with words on their own,” says Dr. Caselli, AD specialist at Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale. “But if they hear a song they’ve known all their lives, they tend to remember the words and are able to sing along. And because speech and long-term memory aren’t usually affected until late in the disease, members of the Giving Voice Chorus are likely to stay active until the last few months of life.” 1．What’s the purpose of the Giving Voice Chorus? A．To enrich the young men’s life. B．To raise money for the poor. C．To ask people to tend to the old. D．To help people with AD． 2．What does the underlined word “withdraw” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Stop social activities. B．Be looked down upon. C．Be cheated. D．Get lost. 3．How does Lenard feel when setting up the Giving Voice Chorus at first? A．Confident. B．Worried. C．Curious. D．Unwilling. 4．What does Dr. Caselli say about AD members of the Giving Voice Chorus? A．They can express themselves freely. B．They can learn a song quickly. C．They fail to sing a familiar song. D．They can be active near the end of life. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由玛丽·伦纳德和玛吉·奥斯特罗什科创立的“献声合唱团”，该合唱团旨在为阿尔茨海默病患者及其护理者提供一个包容和支持的环境，让他们通过参与歌唱活动保持社交和情感的联系。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The Giving Voice Chorus was created in 2014 by Mary Lenard, a former director of the Alzheimer’s Association of Minnesota-North Dakota. With co-worker Marge Ostroushko, who has taken care of a parent with Alzheimer’s disease(AD), a brain disorder that gets worse over time, Lenard set out to create an environment where people with AD and their caregivers felt supported and comfortable.(献声合唱团由前明尼苏达-北达科他州阿尔茨海默症协会主任玛丽·伦纳德于2014年创立。与玛吉·奥斯特罗什科共同创办，后者曾照顾患阿尔茨海默病(一种随时间推移而恶化的脑部疾病)的父母，伦纳德着手创建一个环境，让患有阿尔茨海默病的人及其护理者感到被支持和舒适)”可知，献声合唱团旨在帮助阿尔茨海默症患者。故需D项。 2．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“Marge and I recognized that music and singing are ways for people with AD to still be included and join in life.(玛吉和我认识到，音乐和唱歌是让阿尔茨海默病患者仍然能够参与并融入生活的方式)”可推知，划线处应表达“阿尔茨海默病患者有时会停止社交活动，经常不被包含在社区当中”，故划线词withdraw“不参加”与A项意义相近。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Lenard says, “When we first started out, Marge and I didn’t know if people with AD were going to move away from the place where they ought to be or get upset.”(伦纳德说：“刚开始的时候，玛吉和我不知道阿尔茨海默病患者是否会离开他们应该在的地方，或者变得不安”)”可知，刚开始组建献声合唱团时，伦纳德感到很担心。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“And because speech and long-term memory aren’t usually affected until late in the disease, members of the Giving Voice Chorus are likely to stay active until the last few months of life.(而且由于语言和长期记忆通常直到疾病晚期才受到影响，献声合唱团的成员可能会一直保持活跃，直到生命的最后几个月)”可知，他们可以在生命接近尾声时依然保持活跃。故选D项。 （二十一） （23-24高一下·陕西汉中西乡县第一中学 期末） Earthquakes are common natural disasters. No matter where you are, knowing how to protect yourself and your family during an earthquake is necessary. Some experts believe that when you feel the ground is shaking, drop down, take cover under a desk and hold on. Most earthquake injuries are the result of being hit by something falling on you. You should stay indoors until the shaking stops. If you are outdoors, don’t stay near buildings, trees or power lines. Many people think that in case of an earthquake, they should “get under something” like a doorway or desk, in order to avoid being hurt by falling objects. Rescue experts now say this is the wrong thing to do. For example, in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, they found hundreds of children in schools, crushed by their desks. However, they could have survived by lying in the aisle (通道，走道) next to their desks. So find a nice piece of furniture, a chair, a sofa, and lie down, or curl up next to it. A falling roof may compact (压实) the furniture, but will still leave a space for you to survive next to it. This also holds true if you are in a hotel room, especially at night. Get off the bed, and lie down next to it. In San Francisco’s 1989 earthquake, the upper freeway fell on the lower one. People who drove along were crushed in their cars. But they had time to get out and lie down next to their cars. Yes, their cars were crushed, but there was space from top to bottom next to the vehicles for people to survive and wait a rescue. Doorways and stairways are very unsafe. Stay away from those. What can we do to keep ourselves safe? Staying calm is the first and most important rule when facing accidents. 1．Which word can replace the underlined word “crushed” in Paragraph 2? A．hidden B．protected C．caught D．killed 2．How can we probably get a narrow escape from an earthquake? A．Lie down under a table or desk. B．Shout out loudly and ask for help. C．Run out of the house and stay under a big tree. D．Lie down next to a strong piece of furniture or a car. 3．What should you do first when accidents happen according to this passage? A．Keep calm. B．Drop down. C．Get under buildings. D．Stay near trees. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Right Earthquake Survival Tips B．The New Idea of the Rescue Experts C．Great Damages Caused by Earthquake D．A Common Natural Disaster-earthquake 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何在地震中保护自己和家人。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句子及下一句“ For example, in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, they found hundreds of children in schools, crushed by their desks. However, they could have survived by lying in the aisle (通道，走道) next to their desks.(例如，在1985年墨西哥城地震中，他们发现学校里有数百名儿童被桌子crushed。然而，如果他们躺在桌子旁边的过道里，就有可能活下来)”可知，那些躲在课桌下的孩子被压死了，因此crushed意为“killed”，故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“So find a nice piece of furniture, a chair, a sofa, and lie down, or curl up next to it. A falling roof may compact the furniture, but will still leave a space for you to survive next to it(所以找一件漂亮的家具，一把椅子，一个沙发，躺下来，或者蜷缩在它旁边。倒塌的屋顶可能会压紧家具，但仍会为你在它旁边留下生存的空间)”和倒数第三段的“Yes, their cars were crashed but there was space from top to bottom next to the vehicles for people to survive and await a rescue(是的，他们的车被撞坏了，但在车的旁边有从上到下的空间供人们生存和等待救援)”可知，在一件结实的家具或一辆汽车旁边躺下可以使我们从地震中死里逃生，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Staying calm is the first and most important rule when facing accidents.(当面对事故时，镇定是首要也是最重要的规则)”可知，当事故发生时，你应该首先保持冷静，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Earthquakes are common natural disasters. No matter where you are, knowing how to protect yourself and your family during an earthquake is necessary.(地震是常见的自然灾害。无论你在哪里，知道如何在地震中保护自己和家人是必要的)”结合文章主要讲的是如何在地震中保护自己和家人。可知，A选项“正确的地震求生技巧”最符合文章标题。故选A。 （二十二） （23-24高一下·陕西渭南大荔·期末） Sometimes people come into your life and you know right away that they are meant to be there… to serve some sort of purpose, teach you a lesson or help figure out who you are or who you want to become. You never know who these people may be but, when you lock eyes with them, you know that every moment they will affect your life in a profound way. And sometimes things happen to you at the time that may seem horrible, painful and unfair but, upon reflection, you realize that without overcoming those hardships, you would have never realized your potential, strength, willpower or heart. Everything happens for a reason. Nothing happens by means of good luck. Illness, injury, love, lost moments of true greatness and absolute stupidity all happen to test the limits of you soul. Without these small tests, life would be like a smooth, straight, flat road to nowhere. Safe and comfortable but meaningless. The people you meet affect your life. The successes and failures that you experience can create who you are, and the bad experiences can be learned from. In fact, they are probably the most important ones. If someone hurts you, betrays (背叛) you or breaks your heart, forgive them because they have helped you learn about trust and the importance of being careful with whom you open your heart to. If someone loves you, love them back, not only because they love you, but because they are teaching you to love and open your heart and eyes to little things. Make every day count. Appreciate every moment and take from it everything that you possibly can, for you may never be able to experience it again. Talk to people you have never talked to before, and actually listen. Hold your head up because you have every right to. Tell yourself you are an unique individual and believe in yourself, for if you don’t believe in yourself, no one else will believe in you. 1．The first paragraph tells us that ________. A．you will never know who will come into your life B．your life is sometimes influenced deeply by someone C．you need help to judge who you are in life D．you know someone the moment you meet him 2．It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that ________. A．everything is a test for you B．there is no good luck in life C．nothing happens by chance D．there is a limit to your love 3．The underlined word “ones” refers to ________. A．the people B．the small tests C．the successes D．the bad experiences 4．According to the passage, you are advised to ________. A．set a higher life goal B．open your heart to others C．live everyday to the full D．treat yourself as a great person 5．The writer develops the passage by ________. A．analyzing data B．reasoning C．giving examples D．telling a story 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述的是我们要感谢生命中遇到的一切，你所遇到的影响你生命的人，你所经历的成功与失败，都有助于塑造和成就你的人生，你可以做任何想做的事来塑造你的人生。创造你自己的人生，并无怨无悔地去过这一生吧。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sometimes people come into your life and you know right away that they are meant to be there… to serve some sort of purpose, teach you a lesson or help figure out who you are or who you want to become.”（有时候，一些人走进你的生活，你马上就知道他们是注定要出现的，为了某种目的，给你上一课，或者帮助你弄清楚你是谁，你想成为什么样的人。）可知，第一段告诉我们，你的生活有时会受到某些人的深刻影响。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Everything happens for a reason. Nothing happens by means of good luck. Illness, injury, love, lost moments of true greatness and absolute stupidity all happen to test the limits of you soul.”（万事皆有因。没有什么事情是靠运气发生的。疾病、伤害、爱情、失去真正伟大的时刻和绝对的愚蠢，这些都是对你灵魂极限的考验。）可知，从第四段可以推断出没有什么事情是偶然发生的。故选C项。 3．词义猜测题。根据第五段最后两句“The successes and failures that you experience can create who you are, and the bad experiences can be learned from. In fact, they are probably the most important ones.”（你所经历的成功和失败可以塑造你，而糟糕的经历可以从中吸取教训。事实上，它们可能是最重要的。）可知，最后一句话的主语they指代上文的the bad experiences，故ones指的是the bad experiences。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Make every day count. Appreciate every moment and take from it everything that you possibly can, for you may never be able to experience it again.”（让每一天都有意义。珍惜每一刻，尽你所能从中汲取一切，因为你可能永远无法再经历一次。）可知，根据文章内容，作者建议你充实地过好每一天。故选C项。 5．推理判断题。本文主要论证其他人走入“我们”的生活，有着这样或那样的意义，生活中的成功和失败都是有原因的，“我们”应该以充满爱的态度和积极的态度面对生活。所以 B 项，“阐述理由”符合题意。A项意为“分析数据”，C项意为“举例子”，D项意为“讲故事”，均不符合题意。故选B项。 （二十三） （23-24高一下·陕西榆林横山·期末） The arts, especially music, should be part of every school’s lessons at every grade level. Students would be much smarter if they had some musical experience. They could improve their classroom skills, like paying attention and following directions. People develop all these skills when they learn music. Making music also lets children use their imagination. It provides students with a chance to try out their own ideas. Music not only makes children better students, but also gives them something positive(积极的) to do. In a music program, children can be part of a band. Parents can enjoy listening to their children’s music instead of seeing them glued to a computer or TV screen. In a school band, students get to be part of a team. They can get along well with old friends and make new friends through music. Music builds self-confidence, too. It gives children a sense of achievement and success. Making music is something for them to be proud of, and it lets kids practice performing in front of audiences. Music gives children an opportunity for self-expression, and that helps develop their self-confidence. Once again, music is important because it can make children better students, give them something positive to do, and build their characters. That is why music should be offered in every single grade in every school. 1．How could music make students smarter? A．By improving their memory and attention. B．By improving their classroom skills and imagination. C．By making them brave, knowledgeable and modest. D．By learning music, making music and trying out their own ideas. 2．What does the underlined phrase “glued to” in the second paragraph mean? A．Unwilling to turn on. B．Always looking for. C．Unwilling to leave. D．Always playing. 3．What’s the main idea of the third paragraph? A．Music brings children success. B．Music gives children self-expression. C．Music helps children achieve their dream. D．Music develops children’s self-confidence. 4．What’s the best title of the text? A．Music Is a Must as a Course at School B．Music Builds Children’s Self-confidence C．Music Makes Students Much Smarter D．Learning Music Is Very Important 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了音乐对学生有诸多好处，应该成为学校课程的一部分。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Students would be much smarter if they had some musical experience. They could improve their classroom skills, like paying attention and following directions.(如果学生们有一些音乐经验，他们会聪明得多。他们可以提高课堂技能，比如专心听讲和听从指示。)”和“Making music also lets children use their imagination.(制作音乐也能让孩子们发挥想象力。)”可知，音乐能够提升课堂技能和想象力，这让学生变得更聪明。故选B。 2．短语猜测题。instead of表明前后之间是相反的情况，画线词前“Parents can enjoy listening to their children’s music”说父母可以听孩子演奏音乐，结合画线词后的“a computer or TV screen”可知，这里是说有了音乐后父母就不用看到孩子盯着电脑或电视屏幕看。glued to表示“目不转睛地看”，与unwilling to leave(不愿离开)意思最接近。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。第三段第一句“Music builds self-confidence, too.(音乐也能建立自信。)”是本段主旨句，本段主要讲述了音乐可以帮助孩子们建立自信。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第一句“The arts, especially music, should be part of every school’s lessons at every grade level.(艺术，尤其是音乐，应该成为每个学校各个年级课程的一部分。)”和最后一段最后一句“That is why music should be offered in every single grade in every school.(这就是为什么每个学校的每个年级都应该提供音乐。)”可知，音乐对孩子有很多好处，学校有必要把音乐当作课程的一部分。故A项“音乐是学校的必修课”为最佳标题。故选A。 （二十四） （23-24高一下·陕西安康·期末） African penguins stand only 50 cm tall. Like people, each penguin has its own voice. They live along the southern coast of Africa. Like all the other penguins, they hunt fish in the ocean and lay eggs on land. But they are smaller than their well-known cousins in Antarctica (南极洲) and larger than little penguins in Australia and blue penguins in New Zealand. But the African penguins have a problem—they are endangered. The African penguins used to nest (筑巢) underground in the bird poop (粪便), which came from the penguins and other seabirds. Over hundreds of years, it had built up to form a thick layer as deep as 3 meters. However, in the 1860s, people began collecting the poop to use it on farms. Now there’s no more poop to make nests. The penguins have to lay their eggs in the open. As a result, the penguins often get too hot. When the parents leave the eggs to cool themselves down in the water, other animals can easily find the eggs and eat them. To solve the problem, the scientists set up an artificial nest project in 2016. They came up with criteria for the nest. It had to protect penguin eggs from being eaten. It couldn’t flood in the rain. And it needed to keep penguin families cool. The scientists built 15 kinds of nests to find the perfect one. Finally two of them stood out. Both of them could let air flow through. The scientists plan to build more than 2,500 nests for the African penguins in the future. They hope the new nests can help increase the number of the endangered birds. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．African penguins are usually 3 meters tall. B．Blue penguins are smaller than African penguins. C．African penguins prefer to lay eggs in the ocean. D．African penguins live along the northern coast of Africa. 2．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．What the African penguins look like. B．When the African penguins build nests. C．How the African penguins make their nests. D．Why the African penguins become endangered. 3．What does the underlined word “criteria” mean in paragraph 4? A．Prices. B．Memories. C．Standards. D．Conversations. 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．New nests will be built for the penguins in Australia. B．The African penguins are in great danger nowadays. C．The nests of the African penguins were built underground. D．The scientists wanted to help the African penguins build their homes. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲企鹅的一些生活习性，面临的生存问题以及解决方案。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But they are smaller than their well-known cousins in Antarctica (南极洲) and larger than little penguins in Australia and blue penguins in New Zealand.(但它们的体型比南极著名的表亲小，比澳大利亚的小企鹅和新西兰的蓝企鹅大)”可知，蓝企鹅比非洲企鹅小。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“However, in the 1860s, people began collecting the poop to use it on farms. Now there’s no more poop to make nests. The penguins have to lay their eggs in the open. As a result, the penguins often get too hot. When the parents leave the eggs to cool themselves down in the water, other animals can easily find the eggs and eat them.(然而，在19世纪60年代，人们开始收集粪便用于农场。现在没有更多的粪便来筑巢了。企鹅必须在开阔的地方产卵。结果，企鹅经常变得太热。当父母把蛋留在水里冷却自己时，其他动物很容易找到蛋并吃掉它们)”可知，第三段主要讲的是非洲企鹅为何濒临灭绝。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“To solve the problem, the scientists set up an artificial nest project in 2016.(为了解决这个问题，科学家们在2016年建立了一个人工巢项目)”以及后文“It had to protect penguin eggs from being eaten. It couldn’t flood in the rain. And it needed to keep penguin families cool.(它必须保护企鹅蛋不被吃掉。它不会在雨中泛滥。它需要让企鹅家族保持凉爽)”可知，科学家们为了保护企鹅，给人工巢制定了一些标准。故画线词意思是“标准”。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“ The scientists plan to build more than 2,500 nests for the African penguins in the future.(科学家们计划未来为非洲企鹅建造2500多个巢穴)”可知，A选项“澳大利亚将为企鹅建造新的巢穴”不正确。故选A。 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解之说明文 （一） （23-24高一下·陕西西安·期末） Tim Berners-Lee the father of the World Wide Web, once said, “I hope we will use the Net to cross barriers and connect cultures.” Nowadays, how important have Internet become in our lives on earth? Tho Pew Research Center conducted a survey to celebrate: the Web’s 25th birthday. The researchers were greatly heartened (振奋) by what they found. “In 2006 only 14 percent of American adults used Internet. Today, it’s 87 percent,” said Lee Rainie, the director of the Pew Research Center’s Internet Project. “It is what has impressed us the most.” The survey also showed that 70 percent of the Internet users have been treated kindly or generously online, white 25 percent of respondents said they have been treated, unkindly. More than half - 56 percent of users said they’ve seen an online community come together to help someone solve a problem. 25 percent said they’ve left an online group because members were too unpleasant. When Pew asked questions about whether being online has enriched people’s relationships — or not — the results were very positive: 67 percent of Internet users said, their online communication with family. and friends has generally strengthened those relationships. Only 18 percent said, it has generally weakened those relationships. According to the survey, 53 percent of Internet users said Internet has become the hardest tech tool to give up. It is 15 percent higher than the result of a similar survey conducted in 2006. In fact, more people said they would have a harder time stopping using Internet than giving up TV.  (These days; so much great television streams across the Internet that it makes sense. ) “In our survey, we have found that the Web makes a few people very unhappy. There’s strong evidence pointing to the fact that Internet users tend to compare their daily lives with the highlight moments of their friends’ lives,” said Lee Rainie. “It’s really silly.” 1．Why is Tim Berners - Lee’s quote mentioned? A．To introduce the father of all the technology area. B．To prove the reality is opposite to his hope. C．To emphasize the barriers about the Net remain to be solved. D．To show the significance of the Net. 2．What impressed the researchers most? A．Severe addiction to the Internet. B．Kind and generous communities. C．A growing number of Internet users. D．The improved family relationships 3．The survey, is, persuasive mainly by ______. A．listing data B．telling stories C．analyzing reasons D．stating the arguments 4．According the last paragraph, what might Lee Rainie agree with? A．It’s harder to give up TV than Internet. B．It’s advised to treat others’ highlight moments with an ordinary mind. C．To satisfy all users is the goal of the Web. D．Posting daily highlights online should not be allowed. （二） （23-24高一下·陕西宝鸡·期末） Travel the World Virtually-Leave home without leaving home Have you ever longed to take a trip, but you just don’t have the time or the financial resources? If so, consider touring via virtual reality (VR), which has embraced tourism with open arms. This innovative technology is reshaping the way people experience destinations by breaking down geographical barriers and providing unique journeys. An AI tour is cost-effective and allows you to see the world without leaving the comfort of your living room. You might argue that you don’t have a VR headset, but no matter. Two travel styles are available: monoscopic and stereoscopic. Monoscopic VR videos can be viewed on a mobile phone or a computer. By clicking on or dragging across the screen to rotate (旋转) the field of view, you are able to explore an entire area. Stereoscopic VR videos use VR headsets that make you feel as if you were actually present at a destination. The software in the headsets tracks your head movement, so by just turning your head, you can explore each new scene in a more realistic way. No matter which method you choose to “travel,” these virtual travel experiences aim to give you a credible experience. Besides inspecting an area that you might want to visit but can’t, you can virtually preview a place and make more informed decisions about it. You’re able to clearly see the exact location of a hotel or the distance from it to surrounding attractions. Make no mistake, travel agencies, hotels and destination marketing organizations are using this tool to their advantage. By creating virtual experiences, businesses can amaze their audience and arouse interest in specific destinations or accommodations. VR in tourism goes beyond leisure; it also plays a vital role in education and cultural preservation. By digitally documenting, archiving (把……归档) and sharing its information, the nonprofit CyArk is aiding in the preservation of endangered cultural heritage sites through VR exploration. To foster a broader understanding of the world, students can now take virtual field trips to formerly inaccessible historical sites and cultural landmarks. 1．Which of the following is NOT the advantage of touring via virtual reality? A．reasonable expenses B．geographical limits C．pre-trip decisions D．cultural awareness 2．Which one of the following is the characteristic of stereoscopic? A．You can explore the entire area on your phone. B．You can actually be present at your destination. C．You can explore each new scene by dragging across the screen. D．The software in the headsets is necessary and helpful. 3．VR in tourism can benefit the following except ______? A．travel enthusiasts with a tight schedule B．disabled people with accessibility challenges C．tourism-related businesses D．students eager to experience practical field trips 4．Where can you probably find the passage? A．a geography text book B．a tourist advertisement C．a scientific website D．a health guide handbook （三） （23-24高一下·陕西宝鸡·期末） The Mystery of Dark Matter Astronomers have long known that the visible matter in the universe cannot account for all of the gravitational forces that are holding galaxies together. There simply isn’t enough mass in stars, gas, and dust to explain why galaxies aren’t flying apart. The solution to this problem is to postulate (假定) the existence of dark matter, a hypothetical (假定的) substance that can’t be seen but whose presence can be inferred from its gravitational effects. There are several candidate particles (粒子) that might make up dark matter. One of the most popular is the WIMP (weakly interacting massive particle). WIMPs are predicted by some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and they would interact with normal matter only via the weak force and gravity. A number of experiments have been carried out in an attempt to detect WIMPs, but so far none have succeeded. However, new experiments are being developed that will be much more sensitive to the presence of WIMPs. Although the evidence for dark matter is very strong, there is still much that we don’t know about it. For example, we don’t know what dark matter is made of, how much of it there is, or whether it interacts with itself in any way other than through gravity. Despite these uncertainties, the concept of dark matter is very useful for explaining the properties (性质) of the universe on a large scale. In fact, it has become an essential part of our understanding of how the universe evolved. 1．What is the problem that dark matter solves? A．It explains why galaxies are flying apart. B．It accounts for all the matter in the universe. C．It describes the properties of visible matter. D．It provides a hypothetical substance for astronomers to study. 2．What is a WIMP? A．a massive star B．a substance made of gas and dust C．a hypothetical particle that interacts weakly with normal matter. D．a theory that explains the properties of dark matter 3．What is the current status of experiments to detect WIMPs? A．They have all been successful. B．They have all failed. C．They have been inconclusive. D．They are being developed to be more sensitive. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Dark matter is a mysterious substance. B．WIMPs are the key to understanding dark matter. C．Experiments to detect dark matter have been unsuccessful. D．Dark matter is important for explaining the properties of the universe. （四） （23-24高一下·陕西西安·期末） A Japanese company tried to land the first M1 private space vehicle on the Moon. However, on 25 April, 2023, the M1 spacecraft became the latest in a long line of Moon missions that didn’t quite make it. Until now, only three government - funded space agencies have soft - landed on the Moon and only China is successful in its first attempt. Why is it so hard to touch down safely on the Moon? Getting a mission to the Moon, around 384,000 kilometres from the Earth, is much more intricate than sending a satellite into low - Earth orbit — and failures can occur early on, even for missions that don’t plan to land. This happened with NASA’s Lunar Flashlight mission, a small spacecraft that was launched in December, 2022 and was supposed to map the Moon’s ice. Its engines stopped working soon after launch. Even if a lander makes it to the neighborhood of the Moon, it still has to find its way down to the surface with no global - positioning satellites for guidance and virtually no atmosphere to help to slow it down. Once it gets within the critical (关键的) last few kilometres, its software has to deal quickly and autonomously with any last - minute challenges, such as its sensors potentially becoming confused by large amounts of dust kicked up by the engines. To pull off a successful landing in such a challenging environment, the government- funded space agencies have spent huge amount of money on repeated tests and have learned a lot from each failed and successful attempt. “In the 1960s, when the United States and the Soviet Union were racing to land there, they crashed spacecraft after spacecraft before each finally succeeded in 1966,” says Stephen Indyk, director of space systems at Honeybee Robotics in Greenbelt, Maryland. “Without lessons learned from the setbacks (挫折) and successes, it’s a lot to ask of a private company to get it right in the first attempt.” 1．What can be learned about M1 spacecraft? A．It became the latest unsuccessful Mars mission. B．It was launched by an American private company. C．It was the company’s first public- funded space vehicle. D．It failed to soft- land on the surface of the Moon. 2．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “intricate” in Paragraph 3? A．Simple B．Demanding. C．Inflexible. D．Unfortunate. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The reasons to land on the Moon. B．The necessity of teamwork. C．The landing challenges. D．The costs of space exploration. 4．In which part of a magazine can we read this passage? A．Technology. B．Environment C．Culture. D．Economy. （五） （23-24高一下·陕西榆林·期末） Google is the most popular Internet search engine in the world. It was invented by two students, Larry Page and Sergey Brin. They met in 1993, when they were studying computer science at Stanford University, USA．They dreamed of producing something that could also answer any question in seconds. Internet search engines at that time were slow and gave many websites that weren’t useful. In January, 1996, Page and Brin decided to make a better and faster search engine. They thought the results should be based on the most popular websites. Nobody would give them money for their project, so they used their own money. They also borrowed money from family and friends. Then, in 1998, they were given a cheque (支票) for $100,000, and they started their own company. Their first office was in a friend’s garage. The company’s name is Google, a word which comes from mathematics. A “google” is a very high number — 1 followed by a hundred zeros. The Google search engine was soon used by thousands of people worldwide because it was fast, easy and correct. By 2002 it was the biggest search engine on the Internet. Now, more questions have been answered by Google than any other Internet service, from sport to science, and from music to medicine. Google hopes that in the future all the world’s information will be put on the Internet, so that everybody can find everything. 1．Who invented the search engine Google? A．Two college students. B．Two college teachers. C．Two high school students. D．Two high school teachers. 2．When was the name of “Google” used? A．In 393. B．In 396. C．In 398. D．In 402. 3．Which statement is NOT true according to the passage? A．The Google search engine was invented by two students. B．The company of Google was in a garage at first. C．The name of Google comes from biology. D．The service of the Google search engine is very popular. 4．Where is this passage from? A．A geography text. B．A science magazine. C．A travel advertisement. D．An environmental report. （六） （23-24高一下·陕西咸阳·期末） For any astronaut hoping to survive on the surface of the moon, growing crops will be important. Now, scientists have taken “one small step” towards growing plants on the lunar surface, after showing it’s possible to grow thale cress (阿拉伯芥), a small flowering plant, in the lunar soil. The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions, and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement. “For future, longer space missions, we may use the moon as a launching platform,” explained Professor Rob Ferl. “It makes sense that we would want to use the soil that’s already there to grow plants.” Until now, scientists have not grown plants in the soil. “So, what happens when you grow plants in the lunar soil? What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse? Could we have lunar farmers?” Professor Ferl questioned. To answer these questions, researchers from Florida set out to plant thale cress seeds in the lunar soil, add water, nutrients and light, and see what happened. The researchers chose to use thale cross because its genetic code has already been fully mapped. For comparison, the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils, including those that are similar to the Martian soil. To their delight, the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew. However, they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grow n in the control soils. Some of the plants grown in the lunar soil were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size. “Growing plants in the lunar soil may also change the moon itself,” according to Dr. Stephen Elardo. “The moon is a very, very dry place,” he said. How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them, with the added water and nutrients? Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants? The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow-up studies. 1．What’s the second paragraph mainly about? A．The plants grown in the lunar soil. B．The significance of the findings. C．The missions of future space exploration. D．The hope for setting up a lunar settlement. 2．Why did researchers use thale cress in the experiment? A．It has a long evolutionary history. B．Its genes are suitable for the lunar soil. C．People have a good knowledge of its genes. D．It has been tested with the lunar soil before. 3．What did researchers find about the plants grown in the lunar soil? A．They didn’t grow well enough. B．They grew slowly in the dark. C．They absorbed few minerals. D．They needed more water to grow bigger. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Growing plants in the lunar soil doesn’t need any water. B．The lunar soil is actually not suitable for growing plants. C．Growing plants in the lunar soil is as easy as that in normal soil. D．There are still problems on growing plants in the lunar soil to be solved. （七） （23-24高一下·陕西榆林·期末） Ancestors left us many valuable things and intangible cultural heritage is one of them. It includes things like music, art, sports and other social practices. With a knife, scissors and a comb, people in Shanxi can creatively turn the dough (面团) into different characters. The common ones are babies and animals. During many festivals, even now, they are sent to friends and family as gifts. But few young people can make them. More than 1,000 years ago, the Bai people used Tie-dye (扎染) to make colorful clothes. During the Tang and Song dynasties, it was popular. In the 1960s, it became a fashion in the US. Now some children learn it in their art classes. Hope more of them can join. As one of the most famous styles, Shu Embroidery (蜀绣) is known for its smooth needlework (针线) and beautiful colors. However, because of cheaper products made by modern machines, fewer people buy handmade embroidery products, so the skill is in danger. Luckily, some young people are learning it. West Lake Longjing Tea Roasting Technique (炒茶技术) is an important part of Chinese tea culture. Although machines can do the job now, the quality is not good. Only by hand can we make tea leaves have the best color, shape and taste. We need to pass it down and let more young people learn it. 1．Which is the intangible cultural heritage in Shanxi? A．Tea Roasting Technique. B．Dough Sculpture. C．Tie-dye. D．Shu Embroidery. 2．What can Tie-dye be used to make? A．Different characters. B．Colorful clothes. C．Smooth needlework. D．Roast tea. 3．According to the passage, how can we pass on these four kinds of cultural heritage? A．By using the Internet to spread them. B．By introducing the art forms to foreigners. C．By encouraging young people to learn them. D．By using more new skills to make the products. （八） （23-24高一下·陕西渭南·期末） Should humans explore space? If you ask me, I’ll definitely give a positive answer. The exploration of space has a direct impact on the lives of humans, as well as the state of our world. Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the world, connecting people of different continents and broadcasting information worldwide. The Global Positioning System (GPS) can identify our location anywhere. Furthermore, weather satellites can predict harmful weather conditions. It allows humans to prepare for deadly natural disasters and save lives. Space programs can also indirectly contribute to the solution to poverty and world hunger. For example, large pieces of land could be used far better if humans applied technologies. The most effective tool is the artificial earth satellite. It can screen areas of land within a very short time, indicating useful measures such as the condition of crops, soil rainfall and droughts. It can then send this information to ground stations on the earth for better use. Furthermore, access to better education means better life prospects and opportunities for human beings. Rural (乡村的) communities have disadvantaged access to education. And satellite communication technologies are trying to bridge this gap. With the development of technology, students can now access any information and connect with peers and teachers in different parts of the world through video conferences and the creation of virtual classrooms. Space exploration is something we can do for future generations. Mankind is using the resources provided on the planet, but these will run out one day. Overpopulation can be a threat for all mankind. With the development of space technology, it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets, such as the availability of mining resources on asteroids or other planets. 1．What can space exploration do according to Paragraph 2? A．Improve the traffic on the earth. B．Promote travel between countries. C．Help prevent deadly natural disasters. D．Help humans communicate and exchange information. 2．How can space programs help with poverty and world hunger? A．By benefiting crop production with artificial earth satellites. B．By transporting food worldwide more easily. C．By creating job opportunities for the poor. D．By protecting available electricity resources. 3．What does the author think of exploring mining resources on other planets? A．Time-wasting. B．Arguable C．Necessary. D．Useless. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Why Is Space Exploration Important? B．Why Should Humankind Keep Thinking? C．Why Should We Recover Space Technology? D．Why Should Humans Keep Developing Technologies? （九） （23-24高一下·陕西西安·期末） Organic (不使用化肥的) farmers produce food with least help from pesticides (杀虫剂), but in limiting the use of chemicals on their own land, they may be unknowingly causing an increase in pesticide use over their neighbour’s fence (栅栏). Ashley Larsen at the University of California and her colleagues looked into land-use and pesticide data across 14,000 fields in Kern County, California. The researchers found that when organic farmland is surrounded by conventional (传统的) agriculture, neighbouring farmers seem to increase their pesticide use, with a 10% rise in organic cropland being linked to a 0.3% increase in total pesticide use on conventional fields. Most of this is driven by greater use of pesticides, the researchers found. This may be because more insects tend to live on organic land and spill over into neighbouring fields, causing conventional farmers there to increase pesticide use, according to Larsen. The effect appears strongest when neighbouring fields are within 2.5 kilometres of the organic “focal field”. However, the researchers noted that the presence of organic farmland is linked to a reduction in pesticide use on neighbouring organic fields, with a 10% increase in the area of nearby organic cropland being related to a 3% decrease in total pesticide use on organic focal fields. This may be because the larger area of organic farmland allows for a bigger and more stable (稳定的) community of beneficial insects. When organic agriculture makes up a high rate of farmland — perhaps 20% or more — net pesticide use decreases no matter where the organic fields are sited, say the researchers. But when small areas of organic farmland — like in Kern County, where about 5.5% of agricultural land is organic — evenly spread through the landscape, net pesticide use may in fact be higher than when no organic farming is present. However, this impact can be softened by bunching up organic farmland. Larsen said, “It might be worth considering how to encourage the concentration of new organic fields to basically take full advantage of its pest control benefits and limit the costs of being organic to conventional growers. 1．What’s the influence of organic farmland on neighbouring conventional fields? A．A decrease in production. B．An increase in pesticide use. C．A decrease in insect population. D．An increase in beneficial insects. 2．What is key to reducing total pesticide use in an area according to paragraph 4? A．The stability and population of beneficial insects. B．The farmers’ choice of crops to grow. C．The location of the smallest organic farmland. D．The population of organic farmers. 3．What does the underlined part “bunching up” in the last paragraph mean? A．Looking into. B．Clearing away. C．Setting up. D．Joining together. 4．What is the primary focus of the researchers’ study mentioned in the text? A．The economic impact of organic farming. B．The environmental benefits of organic farming. C．The relationship between organic farming and pesticide use. D．The value of organic produce compared with the conventional. （十） （23-24高一下·陕西商洛·期末） Elephants’ important role in maintaining biodiversity and healthy ecosystems has earned them various names including ecosystem engineers and forest gardeners. However, African forest elephants — a species living in the rainforests of central Africa — are increasingly recognized by another name: “climate heroes”. African forest elephants help lessen climate change by increasing carbon storage in their forest habitats, meaning they help remove heat-trapping CO2 from the atmosphere. They do this by influencing the forest structure, including by increasing the diversity and abundance of plant species. It’s estimated that one forest elephant can increase the net carbon capture (捕获) capacity of the forest by almost 250 acres. This is equal to removing from the atmosphere a year’s worth of emissions (排放量) from 2,047 cars. “As strange as it seems, all that eating and destruction help the forest pull more carbon out of the air,” says Alison Pearce Stevens in the book Animal Climate Heroes! . Elephants eat more than 400 pounds of food a day, so they spend a lot of time searching for food. As they walk through the forest, they do a lot of damage to the surrounding smaller trees, leading to the survival of trees that have the ability to absorb and store more CO2. In addition, their thirst for fruits also helps to promote forest growth. This is because elephants disperse fruit seeds. In other words, the seeds pass through the elephant bodies until they drop back to the forest floor. But African forest elephants are seriously endangered and continue to face threats. These mainly come from hunting for the illegal international trade in elephant ivory (象牙), but also from habitat loss and fewer food sources. The number of forest elephants fell by more than 86% over a period of 31 years, and their habitats are thought to have reduced by 75%. Protecting forest elephants and the forests they depend on means we are safeguarding their ecological contributions that we all rely on. 1．How do African forest elephants help relieve climate change? A．They increase the diversity of wildlife species. B．They help to maintain the plants of the forest. C．They take in heat-trapping CO2 from the atmosphere. D．They promote the net carbon capture ability of the forest. 2．What does the underlined word “disperse” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Consume. B．Preserve. C．Spread. D．Gather. 3．What are the threats facing African forest elephants? A．Illegal hunting and habitat loss. B．The disturbed balance of the forest ecosystem. C．Natural disasters resulting from climate change. D．Competition for water sources with other animals. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Preserving Forests: Elephants’ Contribution B．New Role of African Forest Elephants: Climate Heroes C．Ivory Trade Threatens African Forest Elephants D．Forest Elephants Are Approaching the Edge of Extinction （十一） （23-24高一下·陕西渭南·期末） Of the many colorful Romanian traditions that are brought to life every year, the Bear Dance is one of the most inspiring. This folk tradition dates back to thousands of years ago. Traditionally, the arrival of the “bears” starts by a small group of “irozi”, who blow whistles (口哨) to a rhythm set by the head bear tamer (训兽师). Chosen for his leadership skills, the head tamer is the one who decides when each of the acts is played and gives the cues. The “bears” dance to the beat set by the pan flutes and the drums. Wearing the special costumes requires strength and must be handled with confidence, to look fierce, with the heaviest of costumes weighing up to 50 kilos. When the person wearing the costume is standing up straight, the “bear” looks up. During the dance, the wearer must bend forward and shake his or her body to the left and to the right while taking small steps either to the front or to the side. The Bear Dance symbolizes the death and rebirth of time. The Bear Dance sees men of all ages, and increasingly more women, who are dressed in real bear skins and dance to the rhythm of pan flutes and drums to drive off evil spirits and ring in the new year. Performed between Christmas and New Year’s Eve, this ancient ritual brings together the whole community, who gather to watch the performance. By tradition, the procession of the Bear Dance, which includes 6 to 24 “bears”, would visit every family of the village, accompanied by up to three singing bear tamers, several characters wearing women’s clothes and drummers. While this tradition is still observed in many villages, in cities and towns it usually takes the form of a parade that takes place at the end of a major performance in the center. 1．What do we know about the Bear Dance? A．It is performed by bears only. B．It is better celebrated in cities. C．It is a tradition with a long history. D．It is used for daily sports by the locals in Romania. 2．How does the Bear Dance begin? A．Several characters beat drums. B．The head bear tamer dances to a rhythm. C．Some performers blow the pan flutes. D．A group of people blow whistles. 3．Why do the locals hold the Bear Dance every year? A．To welcome the arrival of the new year. B．To celebrate a good harvest in the past year. C．To call on people to protect wild animals. D．To provide themselves with a way to have fun. 4．Which section of a magazine is the text probably taken from? A．Nature. B．Culture. C．Economy. D．Environment. （十二） （23-24高一下·陕西榆林·期末） Growing evidence shows that dancing can boost brain health and help manage neurocognitive (神经认知的) disorders. So what is it about dance that’s different from other regular exercises? Helena Blumen, a cognitive (认知的) scientist at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, says the complex (复杂的) mental multitasking that dance requires involves various parts of the brain at the same time. Basically, dancing requires more brain power than simpler repetitive (重复的) exercises. While scientists are still learning how the mechanisms of dancing work in the brain, a clearer picture is beginning to appear. Researchers at Otto von Guericke University in Magdeburg, Germany, did MRI scans of older adults who had participated in one of two programs over a six -month period. One group practiced dance and the other did a traditional exercise program with cycling and strength training. While both groups improved their level of physical fitness, the dancers grew more white and gray matter in the parts of the brain responsible for cognitive processes. Both white and gray matter typically decline as we get older, making communication in the brain slow. Imagine your brain is a city with loads of roads. The researchers assume the changes brought by dancing contribute to brain plasticity, which is like the city’s ability to build new roads, repair old ones or even change the direction of traffic based on how often the routes are used and what the city needs. In addition to the physical and neurological (神经学的) benefits, dance can also help people accept what their bodies can and can’t do. Dawnia Baynes, 44, developed multiple sclerosis (MS) after her body lose all feeling from the chest down. She recently joined an online dance program for people with MS. Not only has it improved her range of motion, it has also helped her overcome her fear of being judged for how she moves. “To see other people moving is like I’m moving,” she says, “and knowing that I don’t have to be professional and super technical in my dancing makes me comfortable with where I am right now.” 1．What does the mental multitasking involve according to the text? A．A variety of parts of the brain. B．Picturing abstract images. C．Simple repetitive exercises. D．High level of physical fitness. 2．What does the underlined word “plasticity” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Damage. B．Location. C．Flexibility. D．Process. 3．What is the main idea of the Paragraph 5? A．Dancing is a professional exercise. B．Dancing can benefit people physically and neurologically. C．Dancing has improved people’s range of emotion. D．Dancing can help people develop greater self-acceptance. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Dance for Better Health B．Take Proper Exercise C．Accept What You are D．Manage Neurocognitive Disorders （十三） （23-24高一下·陕西汉中·期末） The Bay Area is among the most diverse places in the country, a wonderful place filled with people of every background. Each of them brings something different to the mix, and takes it from their own experience. Their stories are the focus of Status Update, an exhibition of 14 projects offered by Rian Dundon and former WIRED contributor Pete Brook. The show at SOM Arts uses personal experience to show the Bay Area’s culture. The Bay Area is a microcosm of the national melting pot, a place where people of color comprise 58 percent of the overall population and are a majority in four of the region’s five counties. San Francisco in particular is the type of place where you can’t walk down the street without hearing another language. Yet the change is not all for the better. The gap between rich and poor is widening at a frightening speed, and San Francisco is becoming less diverse as minorities escape the city for more affordable communities elsewhere in the region. Status Update reflects these changes and the challenges they bring. Joseph Rodriguez’s Faces of Foreclosure features quiet images of people like Ethel Gist, a 68-year-old woman who lost her home in the East Bay suburb of Brentwood six years ago. Photographer Sam Wolson records Oakland resident Shannon Fulcher and his efforts to provide for his daughter. And Laura Morton documents millennials hoping to make their way to the top in Silicon Valley in her series Wild West Tech. The mix of mediums, styles and subject matter within the exhibit stresses the region’s great diversity of experiences and how they shape each other. Status Update starts a conversation about how the Bay Area is changing, and what people can do to build up a more just society. “I hope more humility (谦逊) and respect for our neighbors and communities and the ways we depend on one another,” Dundon says. “We’re all out here together.” 1．What are the artworks in Status Update mainly about? A．The friendliness of the people in the Bay Area. B．Beautiful constructions of the Bay Area. C．Real people’s lives in the Bay Area. D．The technological development of the Bay Area. 2．What is happening in San Francisco? A．It is getting harder and harder for minorities to make a living. B．The population in the region has been increasing in recent years. C．The region is facing a rapid economic slowdown. D．More and more local people tend to speak the same language. 3．What does Dundon expect of visitors? A．They can know more about themselves. B．They can respect the people around them in daily life. C．They can open their heart to other people. D．They can develop an interest in diverse cultures. 4．Which of the following may be the most suitable title for the passage? A．The Bay Area’s Past, Present and Future B．The Successful Experiences in the Bay Area C．An Exhibition About the Long and Rich History of the Bay Area D．An Exhibition About the Bay Area’s Diversity and Rapid Change （十四） （23-24高一下·陕西西安鄠邑区第二中学·期末） Bumblebee (大黄蜂) populations have declined (下降) by 90 percent in the past 20 years. The decline of the bumblebees is highly concerning as they are significant for ecosystems. They pollinate (授粉) flowers and crops. If their populations were to continue to decline, crops would not be able to produce fruits and vegetables. Despite being small, they are important to nature’s balance. And now, a new study published in the Frontiers in Bee Science has found that the rising heat caused by global warming might be a reason for the decrease in numbers across the globe. “The decline in populations and ranges of several species of bumblebees may be explained by issues of overheating of the nests,” Peter Kevan of the University of Guelph in Canada and lead author of the study said in a statement. Kevan and his colleagues decided to take a closer look at the facts relating to bumblebee populations across the world. Kevan and the colleagues looked at 180 years of literature on the species and found one common reason across all bumblebee species that they can survive in temperatures up to 36 degrees Celsius, but the perfect temperature for nests is between 28 to 32 degrees Celsius. They are unlikely to be able to adjust themselves to the extent that rising temperatures due to climate change require, the study reports. While individual bees may be able to deal with increased heat better than others, the study notes that if nests are too hot, the groups will not survive. “The effect of high nest temperatures has not been studied very much, which is surprising,” Kevan said. Similar studies have been done on honeybees (蜜蜂), another threatened yet highly important species. This suggests further that heat stress is a major factor in bees’ overall decline. Although the studies led by Kevan have limitations, the potential effects for bumblebee health and conversation are large and long-term. 1．What do we know about bumblebees from paragraph 1? A．They have been extinct within decades in America. B．Their populations have decreased a lot in the last two decades. C．Americans are concerned about their living environment. D．They tend to depend on flowers and crops to survive. 2．How did Kevan and his coworkers carry out the study? A．They raised bumblebees to observe them. B．They focused on studying individual bumblebees. C．They conducted experiments on bumblebees. D．They studied literature on bumblebees. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward Kevan’s studies? A．Unclear. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Big Results for Small Bumblebees B．Bumblebees Protection Inspires Scientists C．The Impact of Climate Change on Honeybees D．Research Shows the Main Reason of Bumblebee Decline （十五） （23-24高一下·陕西榆林·期末） With an average of 266 sunny days every year, 17 miles of world-class beaches, and adventures available year-round, San Diego is an ideal place for families to explore. Wander around at the San Diego Zoo The world-famous San Diego Zoo completely transformed its Children’s Zoo into the Wildlife Explorers Basecamp in 2022. It now features a treehouse -style activity area, kid -sized animal cave, and a big splash pad (喷水池). Plenty of bathrooms and changing areas make it convenient to get wet, dry off, and keep exploring. Watch sensory-friendly IMAX films Fleet Science Center in Balboa Park provides a hands-on approach to Science, presenting exhibits that explore themes like light, electricity, and the universe. In Studio X, a maker space, kids can design and construct projects like a wind-powered car, marble maze (大理石迷宫), or perhaps a lunar lander. On Accessibility Mornings every third Saturday of the month, families with sensory sensitivities can enter the museum an hour earlier and attend an IMAX showing with lower sound volume and brighter lighting. Sail through the air at Torrey Pines Gliderport Adventurous families can jump off a cliff (悬崖) and ride the wind over the beach with Torrey Pines Gliderport. Get a rush on a ride with a trained professional or take a lesson to learn the art of solo paragliding (滑翔伞) over sandstone cliffs. The gliderport is open seven days a week, weather permitting, and it accommodates various ages and experience levels. 1．What can visitors do at the San Diego Zoo? A．Direct an IMAX film. B．Ride a wind-powered car. C．Wander around. D．Have hands-on learning experiences. 2．Which family is suitable for IMAX films? A．The family who is interested in the culture. B．The family that is fond of fictions. C．The family who loves animals. D．The family that has sensory sensitivities. 3．Where’s the text probably from? A．A news report. B．A health column. C．A travel magazine. D．A science fiction. （十六） （23-24高一下·陕西汉中·期末） Coffee is an important part of Italian culture and since arriving here over six months ago, I have drunk a lot of it! Of course, coffee is also very popular in the UK but coffee culture in Italy is a completely different story. In Italy, when you order a coffee in a cafe or bar, you are served with a tiny, bitter espresso. This is “normal coffee” for Italians and they are not so interested in the huge coffees that we drink in the UK. If you want more than one sip (小口) of coffee in Italy, lungo is a good choice. It is espresso with a little more water added, but still served in a small cup. In addition, takeaway coffee is not very common at all in Italy. Generally, Italians prefer to drink their tiny coffees while standing at the bar and, for many, this short break is an important part of their day. Usually, breakfast in a bar in Italy includes a coffee and a pastry (酥皮糕点). I have been spoiled for choice with lovely cafés in the Italian town I’m living in. These cafés sell different kinds of mouth-watering pastries — either plain (无馅料的) or filled with cream, chocolate, etc.—as well as delicious coffee. Cappuccinos are very popular at breakfast time and, for me, a creamy cappuccino and a pastry with chocolate is the perfect way to start the day. Finally, I have found that coffee in Italy is so much cheaper than coffee in the UK. Normally, an espresso or a macchiato costs around a euro and a cappuccino about 1.50! They are small, of course, but this means that in Italy it is possible to go out for coffee every day without breaking the bank. 1．How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed? A．By following the time order. B．By making a comparison. C．By quoting some old sayings. D．By showing its influence. 2．Which coffee will you get in Italy if you order one without special instructions? A．Espresso. B．Lungo. C．Cappuccino. D．Macchiato. 3．What can we learn about the coffee culture in Italy? A．Takeaway coffee is very popular among Italians. B．Italians are very often seen drinking huge coffees. C．Italians like to take short breaks from work for coffee. D．Coffees are often served along with pastries during breakfasts. 4．In which part of a magazine can we read this passage? A．Technology. B．Art. C．Culture. D．History. （十七） （23-24高一下·陕西宝鸡渭滨·期末） Why are some people more motivated to handle difficult things? And is there a way to make doing difficult things easy? To answer this question, we need to look at this: dopamine (多巴胺). Dopamine is often considered a pleasure molecule (分子). But that’s not quite what it does. Dopamine is what makes us desire things. And it’s that desire that gives us the motivation to get up and do things. In fact, your brain considers something more important than others mainly depending on how much dopamine it’s expecting to get. If an activity releases too little dopamine, you won’t have much motivation to do it. But if an activity releases a lot of dopamine, you’ll be motivated to repeat it, over and over. So which behavior releases dopamine? Any activity where you expect there’s a possible reward releases it. And in today’s digital society, we are flooding our brains with unnaturally high amounts of dopamine on a daily basis, even if we don’t know it. Some examples of high dopamine behavior include: visiting social media websites, playing video games, etc. And you might think, “Oh so what? It’s not like it’s harming me in any way.” But you’d be wrong. Our bodies have a biological system called homeostasis (体内动态平衡). Whenever an imbalance occurs, our body adapts to it. Basically your brain gets used to having high levels of dopamine and those levels become your new normal. Thus you develop a dopamine tolerance. This can be a huge problem because the things that don`t give you as much dopamine don’t interest you any longer. That’s why people tend to prefer playing video games or surfing the Internet, compared to studying or working on their business. But it is possible to make doing difficult things feel easier. Separate yourself from the unnaturally high amounts of dopamine, or at least expose yourself to it far less frequently. Only then will normal, everyday, low dopamine activities become exciting again and you’ll be able to do them for longer. That’s why you might want to limit your phone and computer usage, along with other high dopamine-releasing behavior. We are all dopamine addicts to a certain extent. And that’s a good thing because dopamine motivates us to achieve our goals and improve ourselves. But it’s up to you to decide where you’re going to get your dopamine. Are you going to get it from things that don’t benefit you? Or are you going to get it from working on your long-term goals? The choice is yours. 1．According to the passage, dopamine is what __________. A．determines our mindset B．motivates us to act C．enables us to tackle difficult tasks D．causes our emotions 2．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about? A．The adaptability of our brain. B．The problem of dopamine tolerance. C．The imbalance of the dopamine levels. D．The biological system called homeostasis. 3．What does the author suggest to make doing difficult things feel easier? A．Reducing the usage of digital devices. B．Making difficult things more exciting C．Forcing our body to adapt to dopamine. D．Exposing ourselves more to social media. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Being addicted to dopamine benefits us. B．Dopamine can be made use of to better ourselves. C．Dopamine is to blame for our improper behaviour. D．Working on long-term goals releases more dopamine. （十八） （23-24高一下·陕西铜川市第一中学 期末） Joyce Loaiza, aged 81, lives alone, but when she returns to her apartment at a Florida senior community, she often has a chat with a friendly female voice that asks about her day. A few miles away, the same voice comforted 83-year-old Deanna Dezern when her friend died. In central New York, it plays games and music for 92-year-old Marie Broadbent, who is blind and in a hospice (救济院), and in Washington, it helps 83-year-old Jan Worrell make new friends. The women are some of the first in the country to receive the robot ElliQ, whose creators, Intuition Robotics, say it is the only device to use artificial intelligence specifically designed to help many older Americans who live alone. “It’s interesting. You can actually talk to ElliQ,” said Loaiza. “She’ll make comments like, ‘I would go outside if I had hands, but I can’t hold an umbrella.’” The robot, which looks like a small table lamp, has an eyeless, mouthless head that lights up and swivels (旋转). It remembers each user’s interests and their conversations, helping plan future chats. ElliQ tells jokes and plays music. On a video screen, it provides tours of cities and museums. It leads exercises, asks about the owner’s health and gives reminders to take medications. It can also host video calls and contact relatives, friends or doctors in an emergency. But none of the conversations are heard by the company, with the information staying on each owner’s robot. The idea of ElliQ is for a robot that keeps seniors company by adapting to their individual personality and interests, said Dor Skuler, the CEO of the company. The average user talks with ElliQ more than 30 times daily, even 6 months after receiving it, and more than 90% report lower levels of loneliness, Skuler added. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By giving examples. B．By listing numbers. C．By telling a story. D．By making comparisons. 2．What is paragraph 5 about? A．How ElliQ feels. B．How ElliQ was created. C．What ElliQ can do. D．What people think of ElliQ. 3．What can be learned about ElliQ? A．It can lower the levels of complaints. B．It adapts itself to different users. C．It offers a connection between the seniors. D．It can completely replace the company of the family. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．AI Robot Opens a New World B．AI Robot Relieves People’s Pressure C．AI Robot Gets Popular with Young People D．AI Robot Helps Seniors Fight Loneliness （十九） （23-24高一下 陕西西安市第八十五中学 期末） An Inuit-developed app, named SIKU after the Inuktitut for “sea ice”, allows local communities from Alaska to Greenland to connect traditional knowledge with scientific data to track changes in the environment, and make decisions about how to manage wildlife. A group of Inuit elders and hunters from Sanikiluaq, Nunavut, thought up the idea for SIKU more than ten years ago to document and understand the changing sea ice they were seeing in southeastern Hudson Bay. The group turned to the local non-profit Arctic Eider Society (AES) to develop a web-based platform (平台). Over the years, SIKU has developed, and recently, the elders saw that the platform could help address a familiar challenge: sharing knowledge with younger people who often have their noses in their phones. In 2019, SIKU was reintroduced as a full-fledged (全面发展的) social network — a platform where members can post photos and notes about wildlife sightings, hunts, sea ice conditions and more. The posts tell stories of hunting and traveling; the impacts of climate change and industrial activity; and the traditions, diets and illnesses of local animals. Inuit communities are already using the app to inform important decisions. In 2021, for example, elders in Sanikiluaq were worried that the local reindeer (驯鹿) population had reduced, so the Hunters and Trappers Association used SIKU to survey hunters and look at recent reported harvest rates. The information led the association to close the hunt for a short time to reduce pressure on the population and to reintroduce hunting slowly when the number of reindeer increased. Traditionally, Inuit communities shared this information orally (口头上地). “We have lived in the environment for centuries and know about the wildlife. Now armed with SIKU, information is documented in a way that other people will understand. The advantage of SIKU is that it’s part science and part Inuit knowledge and it supports community-driven research,” says Lucassie Arragutainaq, a co-founder of AES. 1．What was the purpose of developing SIKU in the beginning? A．To raise money for AES. B．To pass on Inuit tradition. C．To attract more visitors to Inuit communities. D．To record and learn about the changing sea ice. 2．Why is reindeer mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To further prove the role of SIKU. B．To advise people to pay more attention to SIKU. C．To call on visitors and locals to protect reindeer. D．To tell the benefits of the Hunters and Trappers Association. 3．What is the attitude of Lucassie Arragutainaq toward SIKU? A．Doubtful. B．Worried. C．Puzzled. D．Supportive. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．SIKU: Overcoming Environmental Challenges B．SIKU: Informing Decision Of Local Communities C．SIKU: Joining Traditional Wisdom To Modern Technology D．SIKU: Advantages Over Other Local Social Media Platforms （二十） （23-24高一下·陕西铜川市第一中学 期末） The Giving Voice Chorus (合唱团) was created in 2014 by Mary Lenard, a former director of the Alzheimer’s Association of Minnesota-North Dakota. With co-worker Marge Ostroushko, who has taken care of a parent with Alzheimer’s disease(AD), a brain disorder that gets worse over time, Lenard set out to create an environment where people with AD and their caregivers felt supported and comfortable. “People with AD sometimes withdraw and often are not included in the community,” she says. “Marge and I recognized that music and singing are ways for people with AD to still be included and join in life.” In the beginning, the chorus was made up of 30 people, including volunteers from the community who helped with small tasks during chorus practice, such as helping singers find the printed music in their binders (活页夹) if they lost their place. Since then, the Giving Voice Chorus has grown to two additional choruses, with more than 180 members overall. “We don’t do auditions, and we don’t care what AD cases you have or the stage of your disease,” says Lenard. “As long as you enjoy the experience, anyone can be part of the group. It’s a place where everyone belongs.” Lenard says, “When we first started out, Marge and I didn’t know if people with AD were going to move away from the place where they ought to be or get upset.” But the opposite has happened. “There’s a positive change we see in people when they’re singing songs they love. They’re smiling, and there’s joy and laughter. It’s really special.” “People with AD might have difficulty learning a new song or coming up with words on their own,” says Dr. Caselli, AD specialist at Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale. “But if they hear a song they’ve known all their lives, they tend to remember the words and are able to sing along. And because speech and long-term memory aren’t usually affected until late in the disease, members of the Giving Voice Chorus are likely to stay active until the last few months of life.” 1．What’s the purpose of the Giving Voice Chorus? A．To enrich the young men’s life. B．To raise money for the poor. C．To ask people to tend to the old. D．To help people with AD． 2．What does the underlined word “withdraw” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Stop social activities. B．Be looked down upon. C．Be cheated. D．Get lost. 3．How does Lenard feel when setting up the Giving Voice Chorus at first? A．Confident. B．Worried. C．Curious. D．Unwilling. 4．What does Dr. Caselli say about AD members of the Giving Voice Chorus? A．They can express themselves freely. B．They can learn a song quickly. C．They fail to sing a familiar song. D．They can be active near the end of life. （二十一） （23-24高一下·陕西汉中西乡县第一中学 期末） Earthquakes are common natural disasters. No matter where you are, knowing how to protect yourself and your family during an earthquake is necessary. Some experts believe that when you feel the ground is shaking, drop down, take cover under a desk and hold on. Most earthquake injuries are the result of being hit by something falling on you. You should stay indoors until the shaking stops. If you are outdoors, don’t stay near buildings, trees or power lines. Many people think that in case of an earthquake, they should “get under something” like a doorway or desk, in order to avoid being hurt by falling objects. Rescue experts now say this is the wrong thing to do. For example, in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, they found hundreds of children in schools, crushed by their desks. However, they could have survived by lying in the aisle (通道，走道) next to their desks. So find a nice piece of furniture, a chair, a sofa, and lie down, or curl up next to it. A falling roof may compact (压实) the furniture, but will still leave a space for you to survive next to it. This also holds true if you are in a hotel room, especially at night. Get off the bed, and lie down next to it. In San Francisco’s 1989 earthquake, the upper freeway fell on the lower one. People who drove along were crushed in their cars. But they had time to get out and lie down next to their cars. Yes, their cars were crushed, but there was space from top to bottom next to the vehicles for people to survive and wait a rescue. Doorways and stairways are very unsafe. Stay away from those. What can we do to keep ourselves safe? Staying calm is the first and most important rule when facing accidents. 1．Which word can replace the underlined word “crushed” in Paragraph 2? A．hidden B．protected C．caught D．killed 2．How can we probably get a narrow escape from an earthquake? A．Lie down under a table or desk. B．Shout out loudly and ask for help. C．Run out of the house and stay under a big tree. D．Lie down next to a strong piece of furniture or a car. 3．What should you do first when accidents happen according to this passage? A．Keep calm. B．Drop down. C．Get under buildings. D．Stay near trees. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Right Earthquake Survival Tips B．The New Idea of the Rescue Experts C．Great Damages Caused by Earthquake D．A Common Natural Disaster-earthquake （二十二） （23-24高一下·陕西渭南大荔·期末） Sometimes people come into your life and you know right away that they are meant to be there… to serve some sort of purpose, teach you a lesson or help figure out who you are or who you want to become. You never know who these people may be but, when you lock eyes with them, you know that every moment they will affect your life in a profound way. And sometimes things happen to you at the time that may seem horrible, painful and unfair but, upon reflection, you realize that without overcoming those hardships, you would have never realized your potential, strength, willpower or heart. Everything happens for a reason. Nothing happens by means of good luck. Illness, injury, love, lost moments of true greatness and absolute stupidity all happen to test the limits of you soul. Without these small tests, life would be like a smooth, straight, flat road to nowhere. Safe and comfortable but meaningless. The people you meet affect your life. The successes and failures that you experience can create who you are, and the bad experiences can be learned from. In fact, they are probably the most important ones. If someone hurts you, betrays (背叛) you or breaks your heart, forgive them because they have helped you learn about trust and the importance of being careful with whom you open your heart to. If someone loves you, love them back, not only because they love you, but because they are teaching you to love and open your heart and eyes to little things. Make every day count. Appreciate every moment and take from it everything that you possibly can, for you may never be able to experience it again. Talk to people you have never talked to before, and actually listen. Hold your head up because you have every right to. Tell yourself you are an unique individual and believe in yourself, for if you don’t believe in yourself, no one else will believe in you. 1．The first paragraph tells us that ________. A．you will never know who will come into your life B．your life is sometimes influenced deeply by someone C．you need help to judge who you are in life D．you know someone the moment you meet him 2．It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that ________. A．everything is a test for you B．there is no good luck in life C．nothing happens by chance D．there is a limit to your love 3．The underlined word “ones” refers to ________. A．the people B．the small tests C．the successes D．the bad experiences 4．According to the passage, you are advised to ________. A．set a higher life goal B．open your heart to others C．live everyday to the full D．treat yourself as a great person 5．The writer develops the passage by ________. A．analyzing data B．reasoning C．giving examples D．telling a story （二十三） （23-24高一下·陕西榆林横山·期末） The arts, especially music, should be part of every school’s lessons at every grade level. Students would be much smarter if they had some musical experience. They could improve their classroom skills, like paying attention and following directions. People develop all these skills when they learn music. Making music also lets children use their imagination. It provides students with a chance to try out their own ideas. Music not only makes children better students, but also gives them something positive(积极的) to do. In a music program, children can be part of a band. Parents can enjoy listening to their children’s music instead of seeing them glued to a computer or TV screen. In a school band, students get to be part of a team. They can get along well with old friends and make new friends through music. Music builds self-confidence, too. It gives children a sense of achievement and success. Making music is something for them to be proud of, and it lets kids practice performing in front of audiences. Music gives children an opportunity for self-expression, and that helps develop their self-confidence. Once again, music is important because it can make children better students, give them something positive to do, and build their characters. That is why music should be offered in every single grade in every school. 1．How could music make students smarter? A．By improving their memory and attention. B．By improving their classroom skills and imagination. C．By making them brave, knowledgeable and modest. D．By learning music, making music and trying out their own ideas. 2．What does the underlined phrase “glued to” in the second paragraph mean? A．Unwilling to turn on. B．Always looking for. C．Unwilling to leave. D．Always playing. 3．What’s the main idea of the third paragraph? A．Music brings children success. B．Music gives children self-expression. C．Music helps children achieve their dream. D．Music develops children’s self-confidence. 4．What’s the best title of the text? A．Music Is a Must as a Course at School B．Music Builds Children’s Self-confidence C．Music Makes Students Much Smarter D．Learning Music Is Very Important （二十四） （23-24高一下·陕西安康·期末） African penguins stand only 50 cm tall. Like people, each penguin has its own voice. They live along the southern coast of Africa. Like all the other penguins, they hunt fish in the ocean and lay eggs on land. But they are smaller than their well-known cousins in Antarctica (南极洲) and larger than little penguins in Australia and blue penguins in New Zealand. But the African penguins have a problem—they are endangered. The African penguins used to nest (筑巢) underground in the bird poop (粪便), which came from the penguins and other seabirds. Over hundreds of years, it had built up to form a thick layer as deep as 3 meters. However, in the 1860s, people began collecting the poop to use it on farms. Now there’s no more poop to make nests. The penguins have to lay their eggs in the open. As a result, the penguins often get too hot. When the parents leave the eggs to cool themselves down in the water, other animals can easily find the eggs and eat them. To solve the problem, the scientists set up an artificial nest project in 2016. They came up with criteria for the nest. It had to protect penguin eggs from being eaten. It couldn’t flood in the rain. And it needed to keep penguin families cool. The scientists built 15 kinds of nests to find the perfect one. Finally two of them stood out. Both of them could let air flow through. The scientists plan to build more than 2,500 nests for the African penguins in the future. They hope the new nests can help increase the number of the endangered birds. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．African penguins are usually 3 meters tall. B．Blue penguins are smaller than African penguins. C．African penguins prefer to lay eggs in the ocean. D．African penguins live along the northern coast of Africa. 2．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．What the African penguins look like. B．When the African penguins build nests. C．How the African penguins make their nests. D．Why the African penguins become endangered. 3．What does the underlined word “criteria” mean in paragraph 4? A．Prices. B．Memories. C．Standards. D．Conversations. 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．New nests will be built for the penguins in Australia. B．The African penguins are in great danger nowadays. C．The nests of the African penguins were built underground. D．The scientists wanted to help the African penguins build their homes. 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$