第3讲 主旨大意题-【创新教程】2025年初升高英语衔接教材一本通
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阅读理解
第三讲 主旨大意题
▶[题型特点]
这类题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基
础上对文章进行归纳、概括或评价.解
答这种题型时,不能只凭文中的只言片
语而断章取义,比如涉及文章的标题(tiG
tle)、主 题 (mainidea)、结 论 (concluG
sion)、结局(end)等有关问题,都需要在
细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、
背景知识、生活常识、学科专业知识进行
逻辑推理和判断,从而获取文章中隐含
的信息.
▶[设问方式]
1.Whatsthemainideaofthispassage?
2.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytelus?
3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
4.Thewritermeanstotelusthat .
5.Themainideaofthepassageisthat
.
6.Thepassageismainlyabout .
7.Thelastparagraphismainlyabout
.
8.Whatsthebesttitleforthepassage?
9.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
10.Thebesttitle/headline(标题)forthepasG
sageis .
▶[解题技巧]
(一)留心关键词,抓住文章主旨;串联主要
细节,推断文章中心思想.
所谓关键词,即文章中反复出现的、与主
题有关的词,如名词、动词等,冠词或介
词均不在关键词之列.需要注意的是,
为了避免同一词的重复出现,文章有时
会使用这个词的同义词、近义词,或用代
词指代.我们知道,并不是所有文章都
包含明确的主题句,比如大多数的记叙
文.记叙文的中心思想多隐藏在具体的
细节中,作者通过众多的细节事实对一
个中心进行说明.因此,我们必须善于
串联 主 要 细 节,从 中 归 纳 文 章 的 中 心
思想.
(二)注意段落主题句,归纳文章大意.
段落的主题通常由被称为主题句的句子
来表示.主题句有两个功能:①介绍段
落的主题;②阐述控制概念,控制概念用
以控制段落中句子讨论的内容.主题句
通常是段落的第一句或末尾一句,偶尔
在段落中间.非故事性文章(如科普文
章)的主题句尤其明显.有的文章无明
显的主题句,主题句隐含在段意之中.
(1)主题句位于段首
主题句位于段首是由作者先立论,后摆
事实讲道理的写作手法形成的.这种
段落称作演绎型段落.统计数字表明,
在英语议论文中,有60%~90%的主题
句是段落的第一句.
①寻找主题句
有些段落有明显的引出细节的信息词,
常见的信息词有forexample,anexamG
pleof,the mostimportantexample,
first,second,next,then,last,finaly,to
beginwith,also,besides等.
98
第四部分
在阅读中,应尽量利用上述信息词确定
主题句的位置.如果无明显的信息词,
可先假设第一句为主题句,在第二句前
面添加一个forexample,看看第二句是
否可以支撑第一句话,如果第二句不能
支撑第一句话,便在其他地方找出主
题句.
②选择答案
先彻底弄懂主题句的句意,然后阅读所
给的选项,选择与主题句句意相吻合的
答案,如主题句的再现,主题句句意的
复述或推论等,排除与主题句句意无关
的答案,如支撑细节和文章中未曾阐述
的事实等.
(2)主题句位于段末
主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事
实,后立结论的手法.这种段落称作归
纳型段落.
(3)主题句位于段落的中间
主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间,但不
一定就在正中间.有时,第一句并非主
题句,而是承上启下的过渡句.在这种
情况下,第二句便成了主题句.此外,
主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句.
(一)
(2024山东泰安
中考)Whenyoulookup
atthenightsky,what
doyousee?80%ofpeoG
plearoundtheworldseenothingbutskyglow
(天光,人为白昼现象).ThismanGmadebrightG
eningoftheskymasksthestars.
Thenightskyhasplayedanimportant
roleinhumanlifeforthousandsofyears.
Ancientpeoplesnamedtheconstelations
(星座).Aroundthesametime,Polynesian
sailorsusedthesunandstarstosailonthe
seainthecorrectdirection.Later,theMaG
yacivilization(文明)usedthepositionof
thestarstopredictthechangingoftheseaG
sons.
Buttoday,fewpeopleareabletosee
skyfulofstars.Sowhathappened?
Lightpolutionisthereason.When
manGmadelightentersintothenightsky,
ithidesthestars.Thisexcess(过 多 的)
lightcomesfromstreetlights,officebuildG
ings,stores,flashingbilboards,etc.
Ofcourse,peopleinmodernsocieties
needtolightthenight.Nighttimedriving,
walking,working,exercising,and more
arealsaferwithmanGmadeoutdoorlightG
ing.However,toomuchlightatnightcan
beharmful.Itmasksthestarsanddisturbs
ournaturalsleeppatterns,causinggreater
riskofcancerandheartdisease.
Lightpolutioncanbegreatlyreduced
(减少)withafewsimpleactions.Thefirst
istostopwastinglight.Outdoorlightscan
becoveredsothatthelightshinesdownto
thegroundonlywhereitsneeded.People
canbemorecarefulaboutusinglightsonly
whenand wheretheyarenecessary.BeG
sides,peoplecanchooselightbulbs(灯泡)
withthesmalestefectiveamountofbrightG
ness.Most bright white lights,including
LEDs,giveofalargeamountofshorterGwaveG
09
英 语
阅读理解
length(波长较短的)bluelight,whichbrightG
enstheskymorethananyothercoloroflight.
ChoosinglightbulbswithlongerGwavelength
lightinyelow ororangecan helpprevent
harmfullightpolution.
1.Bystudyingthenightskyfulofstars,
ancientpeoplesdidalotexcept
.
A.namingtheconstelations
B.sailingontheseainthecorrectdirecG
tion
C.predictingthechangingoftheseasons
D.lettingmanGmadelightenterintothe
nightsky
2.Today mostpeoplecantseethenight
skyfulofstarsbecauseof .
A.theexcesslightcausedbyhumans
B.thereductionofstars
C.thechangesinthepositionofstars
D.theinfluenceofweather
3.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytel
us?
A.Howtosaveelectricityinourdaily
lives.
B.Howtochooselightbulbscorrectly.
C.Twowaysofreducinglightpolution.
D.Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesof
manGmadelight.
4.WhichofthefolowingstatementsisNOT
trueaccordingtothepassage?
A.Toomuchlightatnightcandoharm
topeopleshealth.
B.ManGmadelighthidesthestarswhen
itentersintothenightsky.
C.Inancienttimes,thenightskyplayed
animportantroleinhumanlife.
D.ChoosingshorterGwavelengthbluelight
canhelppreventharmfullightpolution.
(二)
(2024黑龙江大庆中考)Owls(猫头
鹰)areactivemainlyatnight.Theyhunt
(打猎)whenitsdark.Mostofushumans
goaboutourbusinessinthedaytime.So
wehardlyeverseeowlsduringtheday,
butmanyofuslikethesenightbirdsvery
much.
Ourloveforowlshasalonghistory,
anditsinalcultures.Nomatterhowfar
yougoback,thereisalwayssometypeof
artworkorstorythatisaboutanowl.
Thesedays,wefindpicturesofowlsalG
mosteverywhere.Sowhatisitaboutowls
thatmakesthemsopopular?
Some bird researchers believe that
owlsarepopularbecauseoftheir “cool”
looks.Inordertoseeclearlyinthedark,
owlshavelargeeyes.Unlikehumans,owls
cannotroltheireyes.Theirheadshaveto
domostoftheturningGaround work.Its
alsoforthisreasonthatowlscanturntheir
headsaroundalmostentirely(完全地)on
theirnecks.
Besides,anotherreasonforitspopuG
larityisitsabilitytohunt.Owlsusesound
tohunt.Theirearsarespecial—theleftear
isabithigherthantherightear.Asound
goesinoneearbeforeitarrivesintheothG
19
第四部分
er.Thishelpsowlstel whichdirectiona
soundiscomingfrom.Sotheyhaveagood
senseofhearing.
Thanksto such unusuallooksand
abilities,owlsareknownaspopularaniG
mals.Overthecenturies,lotsofstories
aboutthemhavebeencreated.ThesestoG
rieshavemademorepeoplebecomeinterG
estedinowls.
5.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?
A.Whyowlsareactiveatnight.
B.Howpopularowlshavebeen.
C.Whyowlshuntinthedark.
D.Howharditistoseeowls.
6.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlined
part“roltheireyes”inParagraph3?
A.Opentheireyes.
B.Cleantheireyes.
C.Closetheireyes.
D.Turnaroundtheireyes.
7.WhydoowlshaveagoodsenseofhearG
ing?
A.Becausetheyhavelargeears.
B.Becausetheirearscanturnaround.
C.Becauseasoundcanonlygointotheir
leftears.
D.Becausetheirleftearsarehigherthan
therightears.
8.In whichpartofa magazinecanyou
probablyreadthetext?
A.Naturalworld.
B.Lifeandhealth.
C.Languageandculture.
D.Scienceandtechnology.
(一)
WhenEmmaYang wassevenyears
old,her grandmother becameforgetful.
Overthenextfew years,those memory
problems,causedbyearlyAlzheimersdisG
ease,worsened.Yang,wholearnedtowrite
computerprogramsatanearlyage,decided
tocreateanapptohelp.“WhenIwasabout
11,Igotrealyinterestedinusingtechnology
forsocialgoodtohelpotherpeoplearoundthe
world,”saysYang,whoisnow14.
Inherapp,caledTimeless,Alzheimers
patientscanlookthroughphotosoffriends
andfamily,andtheappwiltelthem who
thepeopleareandhowtheyrerelatedto
thepatients.Theappalsoincludesasimple
reminderscreenthatlistsappointmentsfor
theday,alongwithasimplecontactsscreen
thatshowsphotosoffamilymembersalong
withnames.IfapatienttriestocalaconG
tactrepeatedly,theappwilflashaquick
reminder:“Youjustcaledlessthanfive
minutesago.”A “me”pageshowsthe
patientsownname,age,phonenumberand
address.
“Therearenoappsthatrealyhelp
Alzheimerspatients withtheirdailylives,”
Yangsays.“Alotoftimespeoplethinkthat
theelderlycantrealyusetechnology,but
infact,ifyouintroduceittothemcarefulG
ly,itcanrealybenefittheirlives.”
KatherinePossin,anassociateprofesG
sorattheUCSF MemoryandAgingCenG
29
英 语
阅读理解
ter,agrees.“Itcanbehardforsomebody
whohasalotofmemoryproblemstolearn
anewtechnology,”Possinsays.“Butifthe
appissimpleenough,theycanlearntouse
itthroughpractice.”
Lookingthroughthephotos,Possin
says,canbeatypeofsocialactivityforthe
patient,helpingkeepfamilymembersand
friendsin mind.Italsocouldstrengthen
memory.“Ithinkitcanbeveryhelpfulfor
patientstoexercisememoriesandmakethem
strongerandmakethem moreresilient(可迅
速恢复的)inthefaceofthedisease.”
1.Whatisthe“contactsscreen”madefor?
A.Toshowthelistofappointmentsfor
theday.
B.ToshowthepatientsowninformaG
tion.
C.Toshowphotosoffamilymembers.
D.Toshowthechangesinthepatient.
2.Theunderlinedword “them”refersto
“ ”.
A.oldpeople B.Alzheimerspatients
C.apps D.technologies
3.WhatcanwelearnfromKatherinePossin?
A.ItiseasyforAlzheimerspatientsto
learntouseapps.
B.TheappcanhelpAlzheimerspatients
strengthentheirmemory.
C.TheUCSFMemoryandAgingCenter
ishelpingYangdeveloptheapp.
D.SocialactivitiescanhelpAlzheimerspaG
tientsrememberthingsaboutthemselves.
4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.APerfectAppforthePatients—Timeless
B.YoungDeveloperofanAlzheimersApp
C.New MedicinestoCureAlzheimers
D.ATalentedStudent—EmmaYang
(二)
Somepeoplethinkcreativityismaking
somethingcompletelynew,sotheydonot
thinkofthemselvesascreativeones.HowG
ever,someotherpeoplethinkcreativity
canjustbeexpressingthemselvesthrough
everydayactsandtheyareborncreative
becauseitisnotanalGorGnothingqualityor
skil.
Whetherornotwerealizeit,weal
havetheabilitytoexpresscreativity.SomeG
timesthepathtocreativeproductivityis
beingwilingtodosomethingdifferent.
Areyousomeonewholovestoread
comics?Perhapsitistimeyoucreateoneof
yourown.Dontworryifyoucannotdraw
verywelorfeelthatyoucannotwritehuG
morousreportsforcharacters.Nobodysays
thisisanexam! Youonlyhavetoplease
yourself,togainthesatisfactionthatyou
trysomethingnew,alonyourown.Ifyou
feeleasy,youcanofcourseshareitwith
ourlovedones,orpostitonsocialmedia.
Areyousomeonewholikestoexpress
yourselfin writing? Try writingablog.
Thisislikethenewversionofadiary.In
your blog,you can write about your
thoughts,opinionsandexperiences.You
canalsowritestoriesorplays,ifyoufeel
uptoit!TheblogprovidesyouwithaplatG
formtocreatesomethingneweveryday,in
writtenforms.
Areyou someone wholikesto be
alone? Now,thinkaboutthethingsthat
makeyouhappy.Findasmalplaceinyour
39
第四部分
room,oranyplaceinyourhome,where
youcanspendtimewithyourself.Itcanbe
asmalcornernexttoyourbedorawal.It
canbeaposterofyourfavouriterockstar
orphotosofyourfriends.Youcanalsopick
aguitarifyouliketoplayinstruments,or
afewstorybooksifyoulovereading.Some
ofyoumaylikeflowers,candlesorpretty
things.DecorateyourareawithyourfavouG
ritethingsinanywayyoulike.ThatiscreG
ativity! Andifyoudofeelboredwiththis,
youcanchange,addorremovesomething.
Byrealizingthechancesinourdaily
livestoinspireourcreativity,no matter
howsmal,wemaybecomemorecomfortG
ablewithtakingbiggercreativeleapsin
otheraspectsofourlives.
5.Howdoesthewriterbeginthearticle?
A.Byaskingquestions.
B.Bygivingexamples.
C.Bycomparingopinions.
D.Byexplainingreasons.
6.FromParagraph3toParagraph5,what
doesthewritersuggest?
A.Tryingsomethingnew.
B.Avoidingsomethingdangerous.
C.Tryingsomethingdifficult.
D.Avoidingsomethingexpensive.
7.Inwhatwayscanweshowourcreativity
accordingtothearticle?
①playingthepiano ②receivingflowers
③keepingcalm ④writingblogs
⑤watchingplays ⑥decoratingrooms
A.②③⑥ B.①③⑤
C.①④⑥ D.②④⑤
8.Thepurposeofthearticleisto
.
A.offerusalkindsofideasandexperiG
ences
B.teachusknowledgeofdiferentlifeskils
C.encourageustomakesomethingimG
portant
D.askustodevelopcreativitythrough
smalacts
第四讲 词义猜测题
▶[题型特点]
这类题型目的是考查考生利用上下文
对词、词 组 以 及 句 子 的 辨 别 能 力.利
用上下文猜测词义是阅读理解的基本
技巧之 一,也 是 我 们 学 习 词 汇 的 方 法
之一.在阅 读 过 程 中,有 些 同 学 一 遇
到生僻词语就查词典,这是不可取的.
一遇到生僻词语就查阅词典不但会使
我们养 成 依 赖 词 典 的 习 惯,而 且 还 会
影响阅读速度.我们阅读汉语文章时
遇到不 认 识 的 词 语 是 否 都 查 词 典 呢?
答案是否定的.可是我们如何做到理
解呢? 利用上下文提示猜测词义就是
诀窍.
词义猜测题的类型主要有三种:熟词新
义 要求学生在某一特定的语言环境中
推断某一多义词的正确意思;生词释义
要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断
出词义;难句释义 要求学生根据范围
稍大的上下文推断句意.
49
英 语
(二)
[语篇解读] 本文叙述了作者的梦想.
5.D [细节理解题.根据文中的“Iwanttobeanactor.”
可知,安吉拉梦想的职业是演员.故选 D.]
6.C [推理判断题.根据第三段中的“Youpromisenotto
laugh.”可推知,安吉拉没有在学校写下自己真正的梦想
是因为她害怕被人嘲笑.故选 C.]
7.B [句义猜测题.下文提及爷爷对安吉拉说不要紧张,
由此可推知,安 吉 拉 在 去 上 第 一 节 表 演 课 的 路 上 很 紧
张.故选B.]
8.C [推理判断题.根据倒数第三段中的“Ipractisedday
afterday”及倒数第二段中的“Youhaveanaturaltalent
and,withhardworkandluck,youwil makeit.”可推
知,安吉拉非常有天赋也很勤奋.故选 C.]
第三讲 主旨大意题
初中回顾落实 (一)
[语篇解读] 本文主要讲述了光污染对夜空的影响,特别
是如何减少光污染以便更好地看到星空.
1.D [细 节 理 解 题.根 据“Thenightskyhasplayedan
importantroleinhumanlifeforthousandsofyears.
Ancientpeoplesnamedtheconstelations(星座).Around
thesametime,Polynesiansailorsusedthesunandstars
tosailontheseainthecorrectdirection.Later,theMaG
yacivilization(文 明)usedthepositionofthestarsto
predictthechangingoftheseasons.”可知,古人命名了
星座、利用太阳和星星的指引在海上航行、预测季节变
化,但没有提到让人造光进入夜空.故选 D.]
2.A [细节理解题.根据“Buttoday,fewpeopleareableto
seeskyfulofstars.Sowhathappened?...Lightpolutionis
thereason.WhenmanGmadelightentersintothenightsky,it
hidesthestars.Thisexcess(过 多 的)lightcomesfrom
streetlights,ofice buildings,stores,flashing bilboards,
etc.”可知,光污染是主要原因,而光污染是由人类活动产生
的过多光线造成的.故选 A.]
3.C [主旨大意题.根据“Lightpolutioncanbegreatly
reduced(减少)withafewsimpleactions.Thefirstisto
stop wastinglight...Besides,peoplecanchooselight
bulbs(灯 泡 )withthesmalesteffectiveamountof
brightness.”可知,最后一段主要讲了减少光污染的两种
方法:减少浪费光线和选择合适的灯泡.故选 C.]
4.D [细节理解题.根据“ChoosinglightbulbswithlonG
gerGwavelengthlightinyelowororangecanhelpprevent
harmfullightpolution.”可知,文章建议选择长波长的黄
光或橙光 来 减 少 光 污 染,D 选 项 与 文 章 内 容 不 符.故
选 D.]
(二)
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.主要介绍猫头鹰不寻
常的外表和能力,揭示它们深受人们欢迎的原因.
5.B [主 旨 大 意 题.根 据“Ourloveforowlshasalong
history,anditsinalcultures.Nomatterhowfaryougo
back,thereisalwayssometypeofartworkorstorythat
isaboutanowl.”可知,第二段主要讲述了猫头鹰有多受
欢迎.故选B.]
6.D [词义猜测题.根据上下文可知,猫头鹰不能转动眼
睛,它们 的 头 部 需 要 做 大 部 分 的 转 动 工 作,因 此 “rol
theireyes”指的是“转动眼睛”.故选 D.]
7.D [细节理解题.根据“Theirearsarespecial—theleft
earisabithigherthantherightear.Asoundgoesinone
earbeforeitarrivesintheother.Thishelpsowlstel
whichdirectionasoundiscomingfrom.”可知,猫头鹰的
左耳比右耳高,这有助于它们判断声音的方向,因此它
们有很好的听觉.故选 D.]
8.A [推理判断题.根据文章内容可知,本文主要介绍了
猫头鹰的特征和它们为什么受欢迎,因此最有可能出现
在自然世界的部分.故选 A.]
高中衔接起航 (一)
[语篇解读] 14岁的 Emma研发了一款软件.这个软件
可以帮助阿尔茨海默病患者记住他们的家人和朋友.
1.C [细节理解题.在第二 段 中 的“alongwithasimple
contactsscreenthatshowsphotosoffamily members
alongwithnames”,that 引 导 定 语 从 句 修 饰 contacts
screen,所以,从句就是它的作用.]
2.A [细节理解题.them 为代词,用来代替前面出现过
的名词.前面的句子说人们认为老年人不会使用技术,
本句说如果你认真地向他们介绍的话,将会有利于他们
的生活.因此这里的他们指上文提到过的老人.]
3.B [细 节 理 解 题.从 最 后 一 段 中 的 “Italsocould
strengthenmemory.”可知.]
4.B [主旨大意题.通读全文可知本文主要讲的是Emma
和她开发的帮助阿尔茨海默病患者的软件.]
(二)
[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了创造力的表现形式和如何
在日常生活中激发个人的创造力.
5.C [推理判断题.根据“Somepeoplethinkcreativityis
makingsomethingcompletelynew,sotheydonotthink
ofthemselvesascreativeones.However,someother
peoplethink...”可知文章开头通过不同人的观点引出
了话题.故选 C.]
6.A [推理判断题.根据“Sometimesthepathtocreative
productivityisbeingwilingtodosomethingdifferent.”
并结合三段的内容可知,作者建议我们要尝试一些不同
的东西.故选 A.]
7.C [细节理解题.根据“Trywritingablog...Youcan
alsowritestoriesorplays”可知可以写一个博客、故事或
戏剧;根据“Youcanalsopickaguitarifyouliketoplay
instruments,orafewstorybooksifyoulovereading.”可
知可 以 弹 奏 乐 器;根 据 “Decorateyourareawithyour
favouritethingsinanywayyoulike.”可知可以装饰你的
房间.故选项①④⑥可以展示我们的创造力.故选 C.]
8.D [主旨大意题.本文主要介绍了我们都有表达创造
力的能力,通往创造性生产力的道路愿意做一些不同的
事情,所以 作 者 是 让 我 们 通 过 小 行 为 培 养 创 造 力.故
选 D.]
第四讲 词义猜测题
初中回顾落实 (一)
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文.主要讲述了作者因为
担心自己做的不够好而决定放弃打篮球,在朋友的鼓励
下,作者下定决心坚持并通过自己的努力获得了成功,告
诉我们鼓舞对人产生的积极影响.
1.D [推理判断题.根据“However,whenIplayedin...
andbelaughedatbymyteammates.”可知,作者是主观
上认为自己不能做好.如果有人把球传给他,他就会很
快把球传给队友,他不敢亲自投球,担心自己会失败,会
被队友 嘲 笑,由 此 可 推 测 作 者 对 打 篮 球 不 自 信.故
选 D.]
2.B [词义猜测题.根据段“AmI?”可知,作者不敢相信
朋友是在说自己,由此可猜测skepticaly的意思是“怀疑
地”.故选B.]
3.C [细节理解题.根据段“Whatmyfriendhadsaid...
Ilneverforgetthatday.”可知,作者在朋友的鼓励下努
力尝试了,并且获得了成功.故选 C.]
4.D [细节理解题.根据“Oneday,IaskedforsomeadG
vice...Herwordsinspiredme.”可知,作者的朋友很支
持他,坚信他可以做好,并鼓励他坚持.故选 D.]
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参考答案
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