第04讲 名词数与提建议句型（原卷版＋解析版）【暑假自学课】2025年新八年级人教版（2024）英语

第04讲 名词数与提建议句型（解析版） 【暑假自学课】2025年新八年级人教版（2024）英语 名词数 语法解析 1.可数名词与不可数名词 分类 定义 规则变化 不规则变化 量化表达 易错对比 可数名词 表示个体可计数的人或物 一般加-s：book→books 以s/x/sh/ch结尾加-es：box→boxes 辅音+y变i+es：family→families 有生命o加-es：potato→potatoes f/fe变v+es：knife→knives 单复数同形：sheep,deer 内部变化：man→men,child→children 集体名词：family（整体用is，个体用are） 直接用数词：two books 修饰词：many/few/a few 不可数名词误加-s： ✘ milks ✔️ milk 集体名词主谓一致： The class is big.（整体） The class are singing.（个体） 不可数名词 表示不可计数的物质或抽象概念 无复数形式 特殊形式：rice,water,milk,bread 量词+of+名词： a glass of water（一杯水） three pieces of bread（三片面包） 修饰词误用： ✘ many bread ✔️ much bread ✘ a meat ✔️ a piece of meat 【典例分析】 考点1：可数名词复数规则（基础） 1.—How many ______ are there in the zoo? —Five. A. zebra B. zebras C. zebra’s D. zebras’ 2.I have two ______ and three ______. A. watch; brush B. watches; brushs C. watches; brushes D. watchs; brushes 3.The ______ in the garden are beautiful. A. flower B. flowers C. flower’s D. flowers’ 考点2：不可数名词量化与集体名词（进阶） 1.—Would you like some ______? —Yes, please. A. bread B. breads C. apple D. apples 2.The ______ is/are celebrating the festival together. A. family B. families C. family member D. family members 3.I need ______ of cheese for the sandwich. A. a piece B. two piece C. a pieces D. two pieces 提建议句型 语法解析 1.核心提建议句型表 句型结构 例句 肯定回答 否定回答/委婉拒绝 易错对比 Why not + 动词原形？ Why not go swimming? （为什么不去游泳？） Good idea!/Sounds great! I’m busy now. / Maybe later. Why not后直接接动词原形，不加to： ✘ Why not to go ✔️ Why not go What/How about + 动名词？ How about watching a match? （看比赛怎么样？） That’s a good plan! I’d prefer to stay at home. about是介词，后接动词-ing形式： ✘ What about play ✔️ What about playing Let’s + 动词原形 Let’s visit the museum. （我们去博物馆吧。） OK!/Let’s go! Sorry, I have an exam tomorrow. Let’s包括说话双方，Let us不包括对方： Let’s go → 我们一起去 Let us go → 请允许我们去 Shall we + 动词原形？ Shall we have a picnic? （我们去野餐好吗？） Yes, let’s./Sure! No, thanks. I don’t like picnics. Shall we仅用于第一人称复数提问，主语固定为we You should + 动词原形 You should drink more water. （你应该多喝水。） Thank you for your advice. I know, but I’ll try. should表“建议”，语气比must弱，强调合理性 【典例分析】 考点1：提建议句型结构辨析（基础） 1.—______ go to the park this afternoon? —That sounds fun! A. Why not B. Why don’t C. What about D. How 2.—______ taking the subway? It’s cheaper. —OK, let’s do that. A. Why not B. How about C. Shall we D. Let’s 3.—Let’s ______ dinner together tonight. —Great! I know a good restaurant. A. have B. has C. to have D. having 考点2：提建议句型语境应用（进阶） 1.—I’m stressed about the exam. —You ______ review the notes first. A. should B. must C. need D. have to 2.—______ we invite Miss Li to our party? —Yes, she’ll love it. A. Why not B. How about C. Shall D. Let’s 3.—The room is messy. —______ clean it up before mom comes back? A. Let’s B. Why not C. What about D. How 学习总结 核心语法点速记 名词数： 可数名词复数规则：“s/x/sh/ch加-es，辅音+y变i+es，有生命o加-es，f/fe变v+es”。 不可数名词：不能直接加-s，需用量词修饰（a cup of tea, a slice of bread）。 集体名词：family/class作整体用单数（The family is big.），作个体用复数（The family are eating.）。 提建议句型： Why not do? = Why don’t you do?（为什么不……？） What/How about doing?（……怎么样？） Let’s do...（我们一起……吧。） Shall we do...?（我们……好吗？） You should do...（你应该……。） 易错点警示 名词数：避免混淆o结尾的有生命/无生命名词（tomato→tomatoes vs. photo→photos），不可数名词不可加-s（如progress→progresses错误）。 提建议句型：注意介词后用动名词（What about doing），Let’s/Why not后用动词原形（Let’s start, Why not try）。 过关检测 （一）单项选择 1.There is ______ sugar in the jar. Please buy some. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little 2.—______ join the chess club? You’re good at it. —That’s a good idea. A. Why not B. How about C. Shall we D. Let’s 3.The ______ are singing in the tree. A. bird B. birds C. bird’s D. birds’ 4.—______ going to the cinema tonight? —Yes, I’d love to. A. Why not B. Would you like C. What about D. Shall we 5.I need three ______ of bread and a glass of milk. A. piece B. pieces C. loaf D. loaves （二）句型转换 1.Why don’t we play tennis after school?（改为同义句） →______ ______ play tennis after school? 2.There is a child in the garden.（改为复数句） →There ______ some ______ in the garden. 3.Let’s go hiking this weekend.（改为反义疑问句） →Let’s go hiking this weekend, ______ ______? 4.She should listen to the teacher carefully.（对划线部分提问） →______ ______ she do? 5.How about having a party for her birthday?（改为同义句） →______ ______ have a party for her birthday? （三）改错题 1.I have a lot of homeworkes to do.（改：______） 2.Let’s to play basketball with our friends.（改：______） 3.There are two knifes in the kitchen drawer.（改：______） 4.What about play the guitar at the party?（改：______） 5.The family is watching TV in the living room.（改：______） （四）完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 Hi, I’m Alice. It’s Sunday today. My friends and I want to do something relaxing. “____1____ go to the park?” Tom says. “But it’s too hot,” I reply. “____2____ watching a movie at home?” Lily suggests. “I have a new DVD.” “Good idea! But first, we need some snacks. ____3____ buy some chips and juice?” Bob asks. “OK, and I’ll bring ____4____ favorite cookies,” I say. We have a great time staying at home and enjoying the movie. 1.A. Why not B. How about C. Shall we D. Let’s 2.A. Play B. Plays C. To play D. Playing 3.A. Why not B. Let’s C. Shall we D. How about 4.A. I B. me C. my D. mine （五）阅读理解 Passage 1 阅读短文，选择最佳答案： Hello, I’m Sam. My sister Lucy is good at drawing, but she always draws alone. I think she should make more friends. Yesterday, I suggested joining an art club. She liked the idea and decided to go this weekend. The art club meets every Saturday, so she can meet other kids who love drawing. I hope she’ll have fun and make new friends there. 1.What is Lucy good at? A. Singing. B. Drawing. C. Dancing. D. Writing. 2.What did Sam suggest? A. Joining a music club. B. Drawing alone. C. Joining an art club. D. Meeting friends online. 3.How often does the art club meet? A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Every day. D. Seldom. Passage 2 阅读短文，回答问题： Hi, I’m Emma. Today my class had a discussion about weekend activities. Some同学建议going to the museum, but others wanted to have a picnic. Finally, we decided to have a picnic in the park. We brought sandwiches, fruits, and games. Everyone helped prepare the food and clean up afterward. It was a great way to spend time together! 1.What did Emma’s class discuss? ________________________ 2.What two suggestions were made? ________________________ 3.What did they decide to do? ________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第04讲 名词数与提建议句型（解析版） 【暑假自学课】2025年新八年级人教版（2024）英语 名词数 语法解析 1.可数名词与不可数名词 分类 定义 规则变化 不规则变化 量化表达 易错对比 可数名词 表示个体可计数的人或物 一般加-s：book→books 以s/x/sh/ch结尾加-es：box→boxes 辅音+y变i+es：family→families 有生命o加-es：potato→potatoes f/fe变v+es：knife→knives 单复数同形：sheep,deer 内部变化：man→men,child→children 集体名词：family（整体用is，个体用are） 直接用数词：two books 修饰词：many/few/a few 不可数名词误加-s： ✘ milks ✔️ milk 集体名词主谓一致： The class is big.（整体） The class are singing.（个体） 不可数名词 表示不可计数的物质或抽象概念 无复数形式 特殊形式：rice,water,milk,bread 量词+of+名词： a glass of water（一杯水） three pieces of bread（三片面包） 修饰词误用： ✘ many bread ✔️ much bread ✘ a meat ✔️ a piece of meat 【典例分析】 考点1：可数名词复数规则（基础） 1.—How many ______ are there in the zoo? —Five. A. zebra B. zebras C. zebra’s D. zebras’ 【答案】B 【解析】How many后接可数名词复数，zebra直接加-s，故选B。 2.I have two ______ and three ______. A. watch; brush B. watches; brushs C. watches; brushes D. watchs; brushes 【答案】C 【解析】watch以ch结尾加-es，brush以sh结尾加-es，故选C。 3.The ______ in the garden are beautiful. A. flower B. flowers C. flower’s D. flowers’ 【答案】B 【解析】be动词are对应复数主语flowers，故选B。 考点2：不可数名词量化与集体名词（进阶） 1.—Would you like some ______? —Yes, please. A. bread B. breads C. apple D. apples 【答案】A 【解析】some可修饰不可数名词bread，bread无复数形式，故选A。 2.The ______ is/are celebrating the festival together. A. family B. families C. family member D. family members 【答案】A 【解析】family作“全家人”解时用复数意义，但此处强调整体庆祝，用单数is，故选A。 3.I need ______ of cheese for the sandwich. A. a piece B. two piece C. a pieces D. two pieces 【答案】D 【解析】cheese是不可数名词，two pieces of cheese（两块奶酪），量词用复数，故选D。 提建议句型 语法解析 1.核心提建议句型表 句型结构 例句 肯定回答 否定回答/委婉拒绝 易错对比 Why not + 动词原形？ Why not go swimming? （为什么不去游泳？） Good idea!/Sounds great! I’m busy now. / Maybe later. Why not后直接接动词原形，不加to： ✘ Why not to go ✔️ Why not go What/How about + 动名词？ How about watching a match? （看比赛怎么样？） That’s a good plan! I’d prefer to stay at home. about是介词，后接动词-ing形式： ✘ What about play ✔️ What about playing Let’s + 动词原形 Let’s visit the museum. （我们去博物馆吧。） OK!/Let’s go! Sorry, I have an exam tomorrow. Let’s包括说话双方，Let us不包括对方： Let’s go → 我们一起去 Let us go → 请允许我们去 Shall we + 动词原形？ Shall we have a picnic? （我们去野餐好吗？） Yes, let’s./Sure! No, thanks. I don’t like picnics. Shall we仅用于第一人称复数提问，主语固定为we You should + 动词原形 You should drink more water. （你应该多喝水。） Thank you for your advice. I know, but I’ll try. should表“建议”，语气比must弱，强调合理性 【典例分析】 考点1：提建议句型结构辨析（基础） 1.—______ go to the park this afternoon? —That sounds fun! A. Why not B. Why don’t C. What about D. How 【答案】A 【解析】Why not后接动词原形go，符合句型结构，故选A。 2.—______ taking the subway? It’s cheaper. —OK, let’s do that. A. Why not B. How about C. Shall we D. Let’s 【答案】B 【解析】taking是动名词，用How about提问，故选B。 3.—Let’s ______ dinner together tonight. —Great! I know a good restaurant. A. have B. has C. to have D. having 【答案】A 【解析】Let’s后接动词原形have，构成建议句型，故选A。 考点2：提建议句型语境应用（进阶） 1.—I’m stressed about the exam. —You ______ review the notes first. A. should B. must C. need D. have to 【答案】A 【解析】针对压力提建议“应该复习笔记”，用should表合理建议，故选A。 2.—______ we invite Miss Li to our party? —Yes, she’ll love it. A. Why not B. How about C. Shall D. Let’s 【答案】C 【解析】主语是we，用Shall we提问，意为“我们邀请李老师好吗”，故选C。 3.—The room is messy. —______ clean it up before mom comes back? A. Let’s B. Why not C. What about D. How 【答案】B 【解析】针对脏乱提建议“为什么不打扫”，Why not后接动词原形clean，故选B。 学习总结 核心语法点速记 名词数： 可数名词复数规则：“s/x/sh/ch加-es，辅音+y变i+es，有生命o加-es，f/fe变v+es”。 不可数名词：不能直接加-s，需用量词修饰（a cup of tea, a slice of bread）。 集体名词：family/class作整体用单数（The family is big.），作个体用复数（The family are eating.）。 提建议句型： Why not do? = Why don’t you do?（为什么不……？） What/How about doing?（……怎么样？） Let’s do...（我们一起……吧。） Shall we do...?（我们……好吗？） You should do...（你应该……。） 易错点警示 名词数：避免混淆o结尾的有生命/无生命名词（tomato→tomatoes vs. photo→photos），不可数名词不可加-s（如progress→progresses错误）。 提建议句型：注意介词后用动名词（What about doing），Let’s/Why not后用动词原形（Let’s start, Why not try）。 过关检测 （一）单项选择 1.There is ______ sugar in the jar. Please buy some. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little 【答案】D 【解析】sugar是不可数名词，“几乎没有”用little，故选D。 2.—______ join the chess club? You’re good at it. —That’s a good idea. A. Why not B. How about C. Shall we D. Let’s 【答案】A 【解析】join是动词原形，用Why not提问，故选A。 3.The ______ are singing in the tree. A. bird B. birds C. bird’s D. birds’ 【答案】B 【解析】be动词are对应复数主语birds，故选B。 4.—______ going to the cinema tonight? —Yes, I’d love to. A. Why not B. Would you like C. What about D. Shall we 【答案】C 【解析】going是动名词，用What about提问，故选C。 5.I need three ______ of bread and a glass of milk. A. piece B. pieces C. loaf D. loaves 【答案】B 【解析】three pieces of bread（三片面包），量词用复数，故选B。 （二）句型转换 1.Why don’t we play tennis after school?（改为同义句） →______ ______ play tennis after school? 【答案】Why not 【解析】Why don’t we do? 同义转换为Why not do? 2.There is a child in the garden.（改为复数句） →There ______ some ______ in the garden. 【答案】are; children 【解析】child复数为children，be动词用are。 3.Let’s go hiking this weekend.（改为反义疑问句） →Let’s go hiking this weekend, ______ ______? 【答案】shall we 【解析】Let’s开头的句子反义疑问句用shall we。 4.She should listen to the teacher carefully.（对划线部分提问） →______ ______ she do? 【答案】What should 【解析】对建议内容提问用What should...? 5.How about having a party for her birthday?（改为同义句） →______ ______ have a party for her birthday? 【答案】Why not 【解析】How about doing? 同义转换为Why not do? （三）改错题 1.I have a lot of homeworkes to do.（改：______） 【答案】homework 【解析】homework是不可数名词，无复数形式。 2.Let’s to play basketball with our friends.（改：______） 【答案】play 【解析】Let’s后接动词原形，去掉to。 3.There are two knifes in the kitchen drawer.（改：______） 【答案】knives 【解析】knife以fe结尾，复数变f为v+es。 4.What about play the guitar at the party?（改：______） 【答案】playing 【解析】about是介词，后接动名词playing。 5.The family is watching TV in the living room.（改：______） 【答案】are 【解析】family指“家庭成员”时用复数are，强调整体活动。 （四）完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 Hi, I’m Alice. It’s Sunday today. My friends and I want to do something relaxing. “____1____ go to the park?” Tom says. “But it’s too hot,” I reply. “____2____ watching a movie at home?” Lily suggests. “I have a new DVD.” “Good idea! But first, we need some snacks. ____3____ buy some chips and juice?” Bob asks. “OK, and I’ll bring ____4____ favorite cookies,” I say. We have a great time staying at home and enjoying the movie. 1.A. Why not B. How about C. Shall we D. Let’s 【答案】C 【解析】主语是we，用Shall we提问，故选C。 2.A. Play B. Plays C. To play D. Playing 【答案】D 【解析】about后接动名词watching，故选D。 3.A. Why not B. Let’s C. Shall we D. How about 【答案】A 【解析】buy是动词原形，用Why not提问，故选A。 4.A. I B. me C. my D. mine 【答案】C 【解析】修饰favorite cookies用形容词性物主代词my，故选C。 （五）阅读理解 Passage 1 阅读短文，选择最佳答案： Hello, I’m Sam. My sister Lucy is good at drawing, but she always draws alone. I think she should make more friends. Yesterday, I suggested joining an art club. She liked the idea and decided to go this weekend. The art club meets every Saturday, so she can meet other kids who love drawing. I hope she’ll have fun and make new friends there. 1.What is Lucy good at? A. Singing. B. Drawing. C. Dancing. D. Writing. 【答案】B 【解析】根据“My sister Lucy is good at drawing”直接得出答案。 2.What did Sam suggest? A. Joining a music club. B. Drawing alone. C. Joining an art club. D. Meeting friends online. 【答案】C 【解析】根据“I suggested joining an art club”得出答案。 3.How often does the art club meet? A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Every day. D. Seldom. 【答案】A 【解析】根据“The art club meets every Saturday”得出答案。 Passage 2 阅读短文，回答问题： Hi, I’m Emma. Today my class had a discussion about weekend activities. Some同学建议going to the museum, but others wanted to have a picnic. Finally, we decided to have a picnic in the park. We brought sandwiches, fruits, and games. Everyone helped prepare the food and clean up afterward. It was a great way to spend time together! 1.What did Emma’s class discuss? ________________________ 【答案】Weekend activities. 【解析】根据“had a discussion about weekend activities”提取答案。 2.What two suggestions were made? ________________________ 【答案】Going to the museum and having a picnic. 【解析】根据“some建议going to the museum, others wanted to have a picnic”回答。 3.What did they decide to do? ________________________ 【答案】Have a picnic in the park. 【解析】根据“we decided to have a picnic in the park”得出答案。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$