专题08 阅读理解（说明文）（20篇）（全国通用）-【好题汇编】2025年中考英语一模试题分类汇编

专题08 阅读理解（说明文）（20篇） Passage 1 （2025·浙江杭州·一模）How many close friends do you have? And does the number of friends you have make a difference to your life? Researchers in Australia studied 1,500 people over 70 and found that those with strong friendships live longer. One key reason is that good friends encourage healthy habits. For example, people with close friends are more likely to exercise, eat well, and feel good about themselves. Friendships also influence wealth. An American study of 10,000 students, over a period of 35 years, found that if you make more friends at school, you’ll make more money in later life. People need good social skills at work to manage people and work in a team successfully. These are the same skills we use to make friends at school. Online networks make it easy to stay in touch. On average, teenagers have 500 online “friends,” while adults have130. But according to Oxford professor Robin Dunbar, people regularly communicate with only about 150. He suggests we typically have five very close friends, ten more we contact sometimes, 35 we share hobbies with, and 100 we don’t know well. Beyond this, relationships become less meaningful. However, having too many online friends might be harmful. A Canadian study of teenagers found that highly sociable users experienced more anxiety. Seeing others’ “perfect lives” can make people feel bad, and being popular online can cause social pressure. If you have a lot of online “friends”, try this: first take away all the people you can’t remember. Then those you haven’t been in touch with for a year and, finally take away friends who you wouldn’t care if you lost touch with. How many do you have left? How many of these people are actually good friends? According to the research, these are the only people that really matter. 1．What helps people live longer according to the text? A．Having strong friendships. B．Working together in a team. C．Having plenty of money. D．Using online networks often. 2．What does the underlined word “anxiety” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Illnesses. B．Stress. C．Loneliness. D．Accidents. 3．Which of the following opinions might the writer agree with? A．Having more friends can always make our life better. B．Good friends should share everything with each other. C．Online friends are more important than real-life friends. D．True friendships matter more than the number of friends. Passage2 （2025·浙江杭州·一模）Like many other grandmothers, Daisy likes to cook, and she isn’t very good with technology. Or, at least, that’s what she might tell people on the phone. Daisy even describes herself as “your worst nightmare.” But don’t worry—she’s not talking to you; she’s talking to phone scammers (骗子) . That’s because Daisy is actually an AI chatbot. She was created by a UK phone company to speak to scammers on the phone and make them believe they’re talking to a real person. Older people are easily cheated by scammers. In July 2024, a UK study found that around 67% of people over 75 were scammed at least once in the six months before the study. Nearly 75% of these scams happened over the phone. Meet Daisy, who has been trained to have conversations with phone scammers, and waste their time. The company teamed up with Jim Browning, who has spent years acting like a clueless victim (一无所知的受害者) to waste scammers’ time. And that’s the whole point—Daisy can’t stop scammers, but she can slow them down. “Whenever she’s on the phone with a scammer, your parents, your grandparents, your relatives, are not being cheated,” Browning said. The company says, “Daisy is already wasting hundreds and hundreds of hours of scammers’ time, and has shared real-life conversations the chatbot has had with them.” Some conversations last nearly an hour. She talks about her cat, Fluffy, and people in her family. In some  conversations, she even gives the scammers what they want—bank details. But of course, they’re not real. “Daisy is also there to remind you of something important. The person you’re speaking to on the phone might not always be who he says he is,” the company adds. 1．Which of the following is TRUE about Daisy? A．She is not a real grandmother. B．She can stop phone scammers. C．She isn’t very good with technology. D．She was created by an American company. 2．How does the author prove older people are easily scammed in Paragraph 2? A．By talking about the chatbot. B．By telling stories about victims. C．By using numbers from a study. D．By explaining how scammers work. 3．What does Daisy usually talk about on the phone? A．Her real bank details. B．How to stop scammers. C．Her favorite hobbies. D．Her cat, Fluffy, and her family. 4．Why was Daisy created by a phone company? A．To help people stay away from all scammers. B．To only help those who are over 75 years old. C．To waste scammers’ time and slow them down. D．To share real-life conversations with old people. Passage3 （2025·浙江宁波·一模）Do you have memories from when you were a baby? Most of us don’t have them. This is called “childhood amnesia (童年失忆症)”. However, these memories are actually kept in the brain until we become adults, even though we aren’t aware of them. Professor Cristina Alberini at New York University found that the experiences learned in infancy (婴幼儿期) are kept as hidden memories. It happens in the hippocampus when an infant’s (婴儿的) brain is growing. Changes in brain chemicals help this process. Alberini did experiments on mice and found that adding some chemicals later can bring back hidden memories. This shows that early memories aren’t lost but are kept. “If the children are learning difficult situations in early childhood, their brains are going to be shaped based on that experience,” Alberini said. Her study shows these hidden memories may influence people’s learning abilities throughout their lives and lead to some mental (精神的) health illnesses. Although most of us can’t remember the things that happened to us when we were little, the age at which each person has their first memory can be different. Different backgrounds may explain the difference. Professor Wang Qi at Cornell University in the US has shown that the earliest memories of Americans date back to around 3.5 years of age, almost six months earlier than in Chinese people. Wang said that this is because American people are more self-focused (以自我为中心). However, in Asia, people play more roles in society and have more relationships with others. So it may take more time for Asian babies to remember many details. How often parents talk about past experiences with their children can also influence when first memories appear. New Zealand’s Maori people have their first memories as early as at the age of 2.5. It’s because the Maori culture values stories and deep conversations about past events. Conversations are key for keeping memories when kids can form mental images of the things that happened to them. 1．According to the passage, “childhood amnesia” refers to ________. A．inability to recall early childhood experiences B．difficulty children have forming (形成) memories C．worry about the truth of early memories D．loss of memory abilities in the childhood 2．According to the passage, the underlined word “hippocampus” is probably __________. A．a name of a scientific experiment B．a part of human brain C．a kind of special medicine D．a kind of chemicals 3．According to the passage, __________ are the one who form first memories earliest. A．Chinese people. B．American people. C．European people. D．Maori people. 4．On which website can we probably read the above passage? A．www.crossculture.com B．www.mentalhealth.com C．www.brainandmemory.com D．www.scienceandtech.com Passage4 （2025·北京通州·一模）Scientists have recognized that emotions (情感) play an important role in how we learn. Emotions connected to knowledge and understanding are especially important in learning environments. For example, feeling curious can lead to deeper connection with new material, while boredom can slow down learning. Awe (敬畏) is one such emotion, the feeling of coming across something beyond understanding. Earlier research exploring awe often took place in controlled labs. However, a team of researchers looked into awe in a more natural environment. The researchers asked 131 visitors who planned to watch one of the planetarium’s (天文馆) films to the center. Before entering, they answered questions about their knowledge of the film’s topic, their first interest in it and background information about themselves. The center was showing three films: one about Earth’s climate system, one about the Northern Lights, and one about stars and planets. After watching their chosen film, the viewers completed some surveys. They scored their interest in the topic again and completed surveys to check emotions they experienced and see if they thought critically (批判性). Finally, they completed a task to test how well they remembered about the film. The study proved that planetarium films created awe in viewers. They described experiencing awe, stronger or weaker depending on the film. The film about the Northern Lights drew out a stronger sense of awe. The researchers noted that the film presented information that was more difficult to understand. It might have contributed to the stronger feeling of awe. They also found that viewers who thought critically described feeling more connected to their environment during the awe experience. As for the memory task, the researchers found that experiencing higher levels of awe was connected to lower correctness in noticing mistakes, false statements, and inferences (推断). Viewers who had more earlier knowledge were better at finding mistakes and false statements but were more likely to falsely recognize inferences as being from the film. Perhaps the most important finding was that experiencing awe during the films greatly increased viewers’ interest in the topics. This finding supports the idea that awe can start curiosity and drive people to become more interested in science-related subjects. 1．Why does the writer use the example in Paragraph 1? A．To tell why emotions are connected to understanding. B．To introduce how emotions are used to explore knowledge. C．To show how different emotions influence learning activities. D．To argue why positive emotions improve learning environments. 2．What do the words “contributed to” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Dealt with. B．Broke through. C．Taken away. D．Resulted in. 3．What can we learn from the research mentioned in the passage? A．The research of awe should be carried out in controlled environments. B．Earlier knowledge was likely to lead to wrong judgments about inferences. C．Critical thinking weakened viewers’ sense of connection to the environment. D．The visitors needed to be divided into three groups according to their knowledge. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain people’s choices of films about experiencing awe. B．To report the effects of awe on learning and interest in science. C．To prove the importance of doing research on awe scientifically. D．To discuss the solutions to increasing curiosity in science through awe. Passage5 （2025·北京海淀·一模）Ever since we learned that the surface of Mars is cold and dead, people have wondered if there is a way to make it friendlier to life. Problems ahead include deadly UV rays and salty soil. But the biggest is that the surface temperature of Mars averages about -60°C． A recent study published in Science Advances put forward a revolutionary way to take one step closer to our age-old dream to live on Mars. In the study, the researchers designed particles (颗粒) that look like tiny short sticks in order to keep the heat and scatter sunlight towards the surface, strengthening Mars’ natural greenhouse effect. This study shows that if the particles were sent into Mars’ atmosphere (大气) continuously at 30L per second, the planet would warm by more than 10°C, to temperatures suitable for microbial (微生物的) life—an important first step towards making Mars suitable for humans to live on. What makes this method stand out among others is its use of materials available on Mars, making it far more practical than earlier ideas that depended on transporting materials from the Earth. And the new method is over 5,000 times more effective than earlier ones to globally warm Mars. This method would still take decades (数十年). But as Edwin Kite, a researcher in the team, said, “At least this suggests that the difficulty of warming Mars to allow liquid (液态的) water is not as big as thought before.” However, much work remains to be done. We don’t know exactly how fast the particles would cycle out of Mars’ atmosphere, for example. Mars does have water and clouds, and, as the planet warms, it’s possible that water would begin to turn into tiny drops around the particles and fall back to the surface as rain. This would result in a decrease of particles in Mars’ atmosphere, reducing the warming effect. Kite noted, “Climate feedbacks are really difficult to model correctly. We would need more data from both Mars and the Earth and must proceed carefully to ensure the effects.” Besides, the researchers stress that the study focuses on warming Mars to temperatures suitable for microbial life and possibly growing food crops—not on creating a breathable atmosphere for humans. Anyway, this research shows new possibilities for exploration and could bring us one step closer to our long-held dream of living on Mars. 1．According to the recent study, the particles could ________. A．do harm to the microbial life B．deal with UV rays and salty soil C．increase the temperature on Mars D．build a greenhouse for men to live in 2．What can we learn about the new method? A．Humans can breathe on Mars if it works properly. B．Its full effect will be seen soon as the particles are sent. C．Materials from the Earth will be transported to Mars. D．Drops of water with the particles in may fall back as rain. 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．A more practical way to heat Mars. B．An age-old dream to explore Mars. C．Chance of creating Mars’ atmosphere. D．Difficulty of making Mars more livable. Passage6 （2025·北京大兴·一模） Human augmentation technologies are all around you. They are wearable and portable (便携的). And they are so much a part of your daily life that you may not even notice them. Do you, or any of your family and friends, wear eyeglasses? Glasses allow us to see further, in finer detail. Next, think about the phone in your pocket. Phones enable us to quickly connect with people far away and to get a large amount of information on the internet. They each strengthen our human abilities to a surprising degree. And yet, they are completely ordinary nowadays. But, what about physical augmentation? Imagine something you could wear to make lifting easier or allow you to hold heavy tools without getting tired. What you are imagining is called an exoskeleton, or exo for short. Exos are wearable devices (装置) that support or augment movement or performance through physical work. Work exos make physical jobs easier, or help improve a worker’s physical performance or safety. Workers who do overhead tasks, like painting ceilings (天花板) can use arm exos to make these jobs less tiring and reduce their risk of shoulder injuries. This means workers can do their jobs without getting as tired or sore, which can improve work quality and well-being both at work and after work. There are also exos to support many other tasks and body parts. There are exos for the back, hands, and legs. For example, delivery workers who load (装载) and unload boxes can use back exos to make lifting easier and less tiring. Doctors and nurses who need to stand for long periods of time can use leg exos to help support their body weight. Leg exos are also being developed for soldiers, firefighters, and mountaineers who may have to carry heavy equipment (设备) over long distances. Exos are such a new technology that they are not yet widely used at work. But many experts expect that exos will become widely used in certain industries in the future. There is still more to learn scientifically about the longer-term effects of exos, but over the next ten years, the popularity of these wearable technologies is expected to grow rapidly. Exos might even become standard tools or safety equipment in certain jobs in the near future. 1．Why does the writer use the example of glasses and phones in Paragraph 2? A．To show human augmentation are a part of our daily life. B．To stress human augmentation can be carried easily. C．To explain human abilities are weak in some fields. D．To prove glasses and phones are very useful in our life. 2．What does the underlined word “augment” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Stop. B．Change. C．Reduce. D．Improve. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Work exos can help workers earn more money. B．Work exos can help workers do the jobs more safely. C．Work exos can carry heavy equipment for firefighters. D．Work exos can take the place of workers in the near future. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain the importance of long-term effects of exos. B．To remind people to be careful about their body parts. C．To introduce a new technology named exoskeleton. D．To express his/her worries about the widely-used exos. Passage7 （2025·安徽合肥·一模）ln 2025, a Chinese AI company named DeepSeek became well-known by creating free AI tools for users worldwide. These tools worked faster and cost less than similar products from other countries. Many programmers quickly started using them for projects like language translation and data analysis. Andrew Aitken, a technology expert, praised DeepSeek’s idea: “Sharing tools freely helps people work together and create better technology.” Chen Jie, Shanghai’s vice-mayor, also shared that AI businesses added 450 billion yuan to Shanghai’s economy in 2024, supporting over 200,000 jobs. Cheng Jie, a middle school student, also speaks highly of DeepSeek, “AI is helpful to teenagers. It provides learning aids like study plans and helps us learn more knowledge easily and improve our language skills.” However, some problems still exist. People worry about how AI might affect privacy and fairness. Some teenagers may be too fond of it. They might depend too much on AI. This could weaken their thinking skills. DeepSeek promises to solve these issues while aiming to lead the global AI industry. In short, AI development is really great. It not only can improve work speed and solve various problems but also open up new possibilities. With proper control, it’ll bring more convenience and progress to society. 1．Why was DeepSeek’s AI tools special compared to others? A．They worked faster and cost less. B．They were used only in China. C．They required no internet connection. D．They focused on robot development. 2．What does “free AI tools” mean in the passage? A．Tools that require no payment. B．Tools that are simple to operate. C．Tools made for Chinese users only. D．Tools that anyone can use and buy. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．High costs limited the development of DeepSeek. B．AI tools are not helpful to teenagers. C．Privacy and fairness concerns are key challenges for AI. D．AI lacks skilled programmers while developing. 4．What does the writer think of AI tools? A．Harmful. B．Hopeless. C．Useful. D．Useless. Passage8 （2025·安徽合肥·一模）What color of wearing do you like? Do you know “dopamine dressing (多巴胺穿搭)”? It’s one of the most popular fashion trends (趋势) now. However, is there any science behind this? “Dopamine dressing” came out from the book Dress Your Best Life. American fashion psychologist (心理学家), Dawnn Karen wrote this book in 2020. In the book, dopamine dressing is about wearing colorful clothing to get more dopamine. Dopamine is a chemical in our brain. This kind of chemical makes people feel good. Our brain gives it out when we eat delicious food, play with our pets, listen to our favorite songs, after we exercise or when we win a game. According to Science Focus, there are studies that show a relationship between the colors of the clothes we wear and how we act and feel. One study found that wearing red can bring better physical performance. It also showed bright colors can make people feel excited. One more study showed that wearing green can help people relax because it’s the color of nature. Yellow, the color of summer and warmth, can bring people happiness. But there are some problems with these studies, as people from different cultures have different ideas about dressing and colors. In a word, “dopamine dressing” shows that we can wear colorful clothes to get more dopamine and feel good. Dressing is more than a trend. It’s also a way of showing ourselves. So, next time you’re getting dressed, think about which colors will bring out your best self. 1．What do we know about “dopamine dressing”? A．It is the most popular fashion trend. B．It is about wearing colorful clothing. C．It is a chemical that makes us feel good. D．Wearing yellow can help people relax. 2．When may our brain give out dopamine according to the text? A．When we study for a test. B．While we’re lying in bed. C．While we’re playing with dogs. D．When we eat something terrible. 3．What would be the best title for the text? A．Fashion Trends for 2025 B．Secrets of Personal Expression C．The Truth of Different Dressing Cultures D．The Science Behind Dopamine Dressing Passage9 （2025·广东深圳·一模）JIUQUAN SATELLITE LAUNCH CENTER, China sends off its youngest-ever team for its space station on Thursday. It is part of the country’s plan to put astronauts on the moon before 2030. The China Manned Space Agency said the average (平均的) age of the three-member team is the youngest since the launch of the space station. Their average age is 38, state media China Daily said. The three astronauts are Tang Hongbo, Tang Shengjie and Jiang Xinlin. They will replace a team that has been on the station for six months. The new team will perform experiments in space medicine, space technology and other areas during their stay. And they will help to place and do possible repairs to equipment (设备) inside and outside the station. In 2022, the Chinese government built its own space station after it was not permitted to join the US led International Space Station. The Americans worried that the Chinese space program was under the control of the People’s Liberation Army. China’s first manned space mission (任务) in 2003 made it the third country after the former Soviet Union and the US to put a person into space using its own resources. This is an important step in exploring space, which makes all Chinese people proud. Although the American space program is believed to be far ahead of China at this time, China has made some important steps. They include bringing back samples (样本) from the moon’s surface for the first time and landing a vehicle (运载工具) on the less explored far side of the moon. The US, meanwhile, aims to put astronauts back on the moon’s surface by the end of 2025. Beyond their moon exploration programs, the two countries have achieved significant milestones in space exploration by independently (独立地) landing vehicles on the surface of Mars. China now plans to follow the US in landing a spacecraft on an asteroid (小行星). It shows China’s determination to become a leader in this competitive field. All Chinese people are full of expectations for the future development of exploring the universe. 1．When does China plan to put astronauts on the moon? A．Before 2030. B．Before 2025. C．Before 2040. D．Before 2050. 2．What can we learn about the three astronauts? A．They stayed at the station for six months. B．They will do experiments in different areas. C．They are the youngest astronauts at the age of 38. D．They will use the equipment to repair the station. 3．Why did China build its own space station? A．Because China was controlled by the American space program. B．Because China wanted to challenge the US in space exploration. C．Because China wanted to have control over American space program. D．Because China was not allowed to join the International Space Station. 4．Which is the main idea of Paragraph 5? A．China lands a vehicle on the far side of the moon. B．China brings back samples from the moon’s surface. C．China has taken important steps in space exploration. D．China will put astronauts on the moon’s surface before 2030. 5．What have both the US and China achieved in their space programs? A．They landed vehicles on Mars independently. B．They built a joint International Space Station. C．They landed a spacecraft on an asteroid. D．They launched their first manned space missions. Passage10 （2025·广东深圳·一模）Almost all of us have them in our bodies. They accumulate throughout our lives and they may be causing serious health problems. They’ve been called “forever chemicals”, but what are they, where do they come from, and what can we do about them? “Forever chemicals” are named for their carbon-fluorine bonds (碳氟键), which make them last for a very long time, if not forever. These chemical bonds between fluorine and carbon atoms (原子) are very hard to pull apart, which means that these chemicals increase over time in our environment. They have been found in the soil, in drinking water, and even in our bodies. Some of these chemicals are not allowed to be used anymore, but these chemicals have been used in a lot of consumer products. They don’t mix well with oil or water, so they have been used to keep things clean and dry. You could find them in things like non-stick pans (不粘锅), food containers, waterproof clothes, and even bike lubricants. People are worried about these chemicals being in cosmetics (化妆品) and other personal care products, because those things touch our eyes and mouths, making it easier for the chemicals to get into our bodies. We’re not sure exactly how dangerous these chemicals are, but some studies suggest they might cause problems like serious diseases, trouble having babies, problems with children’s development, and a weaker immune (免疫的) system. We don’t yet know the level of these chemicals that can cause illness. It may be impossible to completely avoid these chemicals, but we can take steps to have less of them around us. We can use things like air filters and water filters to clean the air and water. We can also keep our homes clean so there isn’t too much dust. In addition, we can look carefully at what’s in cosmetics and check what’s in furniture before we buy them. 1．What does the underlined word “accumulate” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Break down. B．Speed up. C．Build up. D．Move around. 2．Why might breaking down the chemicals be challenging? A．They are too small to see. B．Their bonds are easy to form. C．They don’t have smell or color. D．Their bonds are hard to separate. 3．Why are the chemicals widely used? A．They are cheap to produce. B．They bring convenience to life. C．They are commonly found in nature. D．They can be taken to other places easily. 4．What does the writer think about staying away from these chemicals? A．It’s not worth trying to avoid them. B．We may not be able to keep them away. C．It’s important to avoid them completely. D．We can easily keep them out of our lives. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Forever chemicals: a mystery B．Forever chemicals: health risks C．Forever chemicals: easy solutions D．Forever chemicals: not a problem Passage11 （2025·江苏南京·一模）Seed (种子) dispersal is an interesting topic of study. It involves the movement, or transport, of seeds away from the parent plant. Plants disperse (传播) seeds in a variety of ways. Wind, water, animals and even fire help scatter (撒播) plant seeds. Some plants, such as dandelions, have seeds that are small and light. One dandelion can produce up to a hundred seeds. As dandelion seeds are dispersed by the wind, it is likely that some seeds will land in areas in which new plants can grow. A milkweed pod is filled with hundireds of seeds that can waft (飘荡) in the breeze. Both milkweed and dandelion seeds have been known to travel hundreds of miles on a wind current. Some plants, such as peas and violets, use an explosion (爆破) to send their seeds away. As a pea pod dries, it will eventually burst and send seeds flying in every direction. Violets use explosive dispersal as well. When the seeds are ready, the po d will open with a pop, ejecting seeds with surprising force. Many plants that live near water, such as the coconut tree, have seeds that can float and be carried great distances by the water. If dispersed into an ocean, a coconut can even be transported to another continent. Animals help plants disperse seeds in several ways. Some plants, like the burdock, have barbs that can get caught in the fur of animals passing by. An animal may carry the seed to a new location before the seed gets shaken off its fur. Other plants produce seeds inside fruits, such as apples and berries, that get eaten by animals. The seeds pass through the animal’s body and are dropped in other locations. The animal gets a tasty treat, and the plant grows in new places as the seeds are dispersed. Squirrels bury seeds for later. They return to find many, but not all, of the seeds they have stored. It could be said that a squirrel is nature’s gardener, as these seeds often grow into new plants. This is how many oak trees have been planted, as the acorn is one of a squirrel’s favorite treats. Fire is a less common method of seed dispersal. A forest fire can destroy most plants in an area, creating an open space. Seeds designed to take advantage of this space live in cones held together by resin (树脂). The glue-like resin melts at the temperature of a forest fire, allowing the seeds to be released to begin regrowth of the forest. 1．Why do most plants disperse seeds? A．To keep the ocean clean. B．To help new plants grow. C．To satisfy human’s daily needs. D．To treat animals in the forest. 2．How does the writer introduce the ways of dispersing seeds? A．By showing the steps in order. B．By explaining cause and effect. C．By comparing and noticing what’s different. D．By providing the examples in detail. 3．What does “a squirrel is nature’s gardener” probably mean? A．Squirrels are born gardeners in nature. B．Squirrels can help people take care of gardens. C．Squirrels like planting acorns instead of eating them. D．Squirrels help disperse seeds because they forget where to find seeds. 4．Which method of seed dispersal is clearly good for both a plant and an animal? A．A coconut seed floats to another continent. B．Milkweed and dandelion seeds are dispersed by the wind. C．A squirrel buries an acorn but does not come back to dig it up. D．An animal eats a fruit and the seeds are taken away to another place. 5．Which of the following sentences from the passage is an opinion? A．Seed dispersal is an interesting topic of study. B．Fire is a less common method of seed dispersal. C．Wind, water, animals and even fire help scatter plant seeds. D．Some plants, such as dandelions, have seeds that are small and light. Passage12 （2025·江苏南京·一模）For a self-driving car to safely take passengers to their destinations, it needs to do three main things really well: understand the environment, make decisions, and carry out those decisions. First, the car needs to know what’s around it. To do this, it makes use of different sensors (传感器), such as cameras, radar and lidar (激光雷达). They act like the car’s “eyes”, allowing it to see people, street signs and so on. The sensors also help the car track its position and speed. But just being aware of things close by is not enough. Like a human driver, a self-driving car must also plan ahead to avoid traffic and accidents. This is where vehicle to vehicle (V2V) network comes in, allowing cars to share information with each other. For example, if one sees a traffic jam somewhere, it can “tell” others to avoid that area. Similarly, through vehicle to pedestrian (V2P，车与人) communication, a self-driving car can “talk” with people walking or biking to know if they are about to cross the street. Meanwhile, with vehicle to infrastructure (V2I，车与基础设施) communication, the car can connect with traffic lights to know when they will turn green. In addition, vehicle to network (V2N，车与网络) communication allows the car to go online and access the internet for the latest road information. Putting these four networks together, we get vehicle to everything (V2X), a technology that makes self-driving safer and more efficient. V2X would not have been possible without fast internet connections enabled by 4G and further improved by 5G, which connects self-driving cars to roads in different cities and countries. After collecting information, the self-driving car need to make sense of it and decide how to react. Like putting together the pieces of a puzzle, the car integrates the information from all sensors to “see the bigger picture”. Such multi-sensor fusion (多传感器融合) is supported by machine learning, which helps the car to recognize objects, create real-time maps, and make decisions about when to stop, go, or turn. Once a decision is made, the car needs to carry it out correctly. To do this, the car uses drive-by-wire technology (线控技术), where electronic signals are sent as orders to the wheels, brakes (刹车) and engine. This makes the car react more quickly and run more smoothly. It also helps the car use less oil, which is good for the environment. 1．What is the main function of the sensors on a self-driving car? A．To record the car’s performance. B．To monitor the car’s driving condition. C．To help the car maintain a safe speed. D．To gather information about the car’s surroundings. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The ways self-driving cars avoid accidents. B．The reasons why self-driving cars access the Internet. C．The communication networks used in self-driving cars. D．The wide application of self-driving technology. 3．How does the drive-by-wire technology assist self-driving cars? A．By reducing their emission of harmful gases. B．By providing a broader view for the cars. C．By controlling their braking systems. D．By improving their ability to react and operate. 4．What is the best title for the article? A．The History of Self-Driving Cars B．How 5G Technology Changed Transportation C．Key Technologies behind Safe Self-Driving Cars D．The Environmental Benefits of Drive-by-Wire Systems Passage13 （2025·江苏南京·一模）Almost everyone has experienced the feeling of discomfort when their actions do not agree with their inner values. A man, for example, values work-life balance yet works 80 hours every week, caring little about his own health and family. Another example is a boy who holds his parents’ love dear but gets angry at them in a moment of stress; or a woman who hopes to live healthily but gives in to the attraction of fast food during moments of weakness. This disagreement can lead to serious results, such as worsening relationships, limited personal growth, and self-doubt. The emotional effects of feeling out of control and unable to live up to our own standards can also be deeply harmful. The shame and upset that go along with these feelings often force us into silence, resulting in more self-doubt. One reason for this silence might be that admitting (承认) to these behaviors can feel like showing a weakness or mistake that society tells us should be kept hidden. What’s more, recognizing this disagreement requires coming face to face with uncomfortable truths about ourselves—a process that is as discouraging as it is necessary for growth. Recognizing and addressing these behaviors can provide a possibility of change. By looking into the causes of our behaviors, we can begin to understand our actions more easily and work toward sticking to our beliefs. Research supports the idea that recognizing this disagreement, together with mindfulness and open communication, can help with this process. These methods help us slow down, reflect (反思), and choose behaviors that follow our values more closely, even in the face of old habits or immediate needs. The key to dealing with this disagreement lies in compassion (同情) for ourselves and others. By developing a culture of openness and by understanding the challenges of aligning behaviors with beliefs, we can begin to break down what prevents us from having conversation and change. Admitting that this disagreement is a shared part of the human experience can enable us to speak openly, find support, and take necessary steps toward the agreement between our inner world and our actions. While the disagreement between our inner values and actions may be common, through reflection, understanding and purposeful practice, we can bridge the divide and set out on a journey of self-discovery. 1．Why does the writer use the examples in Paragraph 1? A．To stress an unavoidable need. B．To show a result of the wrong values. C．To describe a common human experience. D．To introduce a change in people’s relationships. 2．What does the word “aligning” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Matching. B．Comparing. C．Mixing. D．Confusing. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Discomfort forces us to give up our beliefs. B．Our behaviors weaken our understandings of life. C．Open communication makes it possible for us to change. D．Keeping silent allows us time to live up to our standards. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to stay true to their beliefs. B．To prove the importance of having the right values. C．To compare different ways to deal with discomfort. D．To discuss the influence of people’s improper actions. Passage14 （2025·江苏扬州·一模）Which works better in fighting against bad feelings, listening to music or doing sports? In fact, simply listening to music or doing sports can cheer us up, but mixing them together gives better results. In a study, a group of German scientists tested some patients under three conditions: a group dancing with music, a group just listening to music, and a group riding bikes without music. The results showed that the first group were the least stressed. Nowadays a lot of people take up dancing as a hobby in their free time. And dancing has been considered one of the best exercises to drive away bad feelings in recent years. Dancing, which includes moving the body to different kinds of music, helps our bodies produce much endorphin, a chemical that makes us feel relaxed and happy. Dancing can bring people together, too. Tango, Latin or other social dancing require us to move with others, which can improve our sense of social communication, according to IBSA, a Swiss scientific foundation. Dancing also helps people let go of bad feelings. Studies have found that stress often has to do with sadness about the past or worries about the future. However, dancing helps you focus on the present, connect with your body, and free your mind for a while, as reported by Psych Central, a mental health news website. Lauren Helper, a social worker in Virginia, US, pointed out that if people enjoy music of any kind, dancing can be a helpful way to reduce stress. She also said that dancing can take any form, whether it’s moving around the house to a song or going out dancing with friends. “The important part of movement is that it is fun,” she told Psych Central. 1．What’s the function of the first paragraph? A．To lead in the topic. B．To compare listening to music with doing sports. C．To explain a result. D．To share a test under three different conditions. 2．This article mentions ________ advantages of dancing. A．two B．three C．four D．five 3．What is the structure of the article? A．①/②③④/⑤⑥ B．①/②③/④/⑤⑥ C．①/②/③④⑤/⑥ D．①②/③④/⑤/⑥ 4．What can we learn from this article? A．Endorphin is a chemical that makes us feel stressed. B．Lauren Helper prefers to go out dancing with friends. C．Dancing reminds you of the past and future from time to time. D．Tango and Latin can improve our sense of social communication. Passage15 （2025·江西南昌·一模）Peru is the third largest country in South America, after Brazil and Argentina. It is a country with many different landscapes (景观), including mountains, beaches, rainforests and more. The Andes Mountains run through Peru from north to south. These tall peaks (山峰) can be seen from beaches 80 kilometers away. The highest peak, Mount Huascarán, is 6,768 meters high. Because of its many different ecosystems, Peru is home to all kinds of plants and animals. The Amazon rainforest covers nearly half of Peru. In this large forest, a 1-km² area can contain more than 6,000kinds of plants. To protect them, Peru has created special forest areas called reserves. Large numbers of small fish live off the coast of Peru, and they in turn support populations of bigger fish and seabirds, including Humboldt penguins. There are many special kinds of plants and animals in the Andes Mountains. One amazing plant, the puya raimondi, takes 100 years to flower. The people of Peru are a mix of many different cultures, including Indians, Europeans, Africans and Asians. Most people used to live in the countryside. But now, more than 70 percent live in cities. Peru has a long and rich history. Over 500 years ago, it was home to the powerful Inca Empire in South America. The Incas built amazing cities like Machu Picchu in the Andes. In the 1500s, The Spanish arrived and took over. For about 300 years, Peru was under Spanish control. It became an independent country in 1821. Peru is a country full of history, culture, and natural beauty. Its different landscapes, people and ecosystems make it a unique place in the world. 1．What can we learn about the Andes Mountains from Paragraph 2? A．They are 80 kilometers long. B．Mostpeaksare6,768metershigh. C．They connect Peru from north to south. D．Only the highest peak can be seen from beaches. 2．How much of Peru is covered by the Amazon rainforest? A．25%—30%. B．45%—49%. C．55%—60%. D．75%—80%. 3．Which part of Peru is described the most in the passage? A．People. B．Traditions. C．History. D．Ecosystems. 4．Where does the passage most probably come from? A．A storybook. B．A news report. C．A travel magazine. D．A history textbook. 5．What would be the best structure of the passage? A．B． C． D． Passage16 （2025·江西南昌·一模）Reading is more than just a fun activity—it can actually change the way your brain works. Studies show that reading can improve your brain’s health, make you feel better, and even help you focus. Let’s take a look at how reading can have a good influence on your brain. Your brain works hard when you read. It has to understand the words, think about their meaning, and imagine the story. This helps your brain get stronger and improves skills like memory, problem-solving, and thinking. Scientists believe that reading regularly is helpful, because it can protect your brain from getting weaker as you grow older, keeping it sharp for a long time. Reading can help you feel less stressed. In one study, it was found that reading can reduce (减轻) stress by up to 68%. When you read a book, you focus on the story, which helps take your mind off your worries. This is similar to how activities like listening to music or doing yoga can make you feel relaxed. Reading stories can help you understand how other people feel. When you read about characters in different situations, your brain learns to feel what they are feeling. This makes you more understanding—able to understand other people’s feelings. Studies show that people who read stories are better at connecting with others and understanding their feelings. When you read, your brain produces chemicals (化学物质) that make you feel good. For example, dopamine (多巴胺) is produced when something exciting happens in the story. Serotonin and oxytocin helps improve your mood (情绪) . These chemicals make you feel happy and relaxed. Reading is not only enjoyable——it is also good for your brain and mood. It can make your brain stronger, reduce stress, and even help you understand others better. So next time you read, remember: you are changing your brain chemistry for the better! 1．What does the underlined word “sharp” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Busy. B．Slow. C．Active. D．Silent. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Reading allows people to focus better. B．Reading can help reduce people’s stress. C．Reading is more popular than doing yoga. D．Reading makes people remember their problems. 3．When does your brain produce dopamine? A．When you finish a difficult book. B．When you feel stressed and need to relax. C．When you read something exciting in a story. D．When you try to understand people’s feelings. 4．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To compare reading with other relaxing activities. B．To show the history of brain research about reading. C．To encourage students to read more books for exams. D．To explain how reading improves the brain and mood. 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Reading Changes Your Brain. B．How to Choose a Good Book. C．Reading: A Fun Way to Relax. D．The History of Human Reading. Passage17 （2025·山东济南·一模）Imagine you’re walking across endless hills, with warm sunshine and the sound of birds all around. This peaceful scene is an uncommon one in the modern world. Our natural soundscapes (声音环境) are falling silent as bird populations decrease. Our study explores the link between birdsong and people, specifically on English vineyards (葡萄园). We surveyed bird communities on 21 vineyards and our results showed that vineyards with more kinds of birds had louder and more complex (复杂的) soundscapes. But does the silencing of our soundscapes matter to us? The short answer is yes. There is growing evidence about the health benefits of spending time in nature, including reducing risks of heart disease and anxiety. So as part of our research, we explored the experience of 186 wine-tour participants across three vineyards with different soundscapes. We also improved some vineyard soundscapes with hidden speakers, which played the songs of five additional bird species (物种). This was designed to see how participants’ contact with nature would be affected by increasing the kinds of birds and songs. The results were fascinating. Visitors who experienced louder and more complex sounds—whether on vineyards with naturally richer soundscapes or on those we had improved—reported enjoying the sounds more. They felt more connected to nature and more satisfied with their tour. With richer soundscapes, they felt more mindful and positive during the tours. Our study shows the direct effect that birdsong has on our happiness and presents a strong argument for protecting natural soundscapes. So, we hope businesses and people will be inspired to invest (投资) in protection and promote connection with nature. 1．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To show opinions. B．To please readers. C．To introduce the topic. D．To explain the causes. 2．What vineyards had louder and more complex soundscapes? A．With warm sunshine. B．With endless hills. C．With more bird species. D．With more tourists. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The process of the research. B．The background of the research. C．The findings of the research. D．The importance of the research. 4．Which of the following best describes the underlined word “mindful”? A．Worried about future problems. B．Paying attention to the present moment. C．Interested in making money. D．Tired from walking too far. 5．What do the findings of the study suggest? A．Doing deeper research. B．Building better businesses. C．Looking for greater happiness. D．Connecting more with nature. Passage18 （2025·山东济南·一模）Laughter, in response to funny events, may seem simple, but it actually takes a lot of work, because it activates (激活) many areas of the brain that control movement, feelings, and how we get along with others. Scientists now realize laughter’s power to improve physical and mental well-being. People begin laughing when they are babies, which helps build strength in muscles (肌肉) and upper body. Laughter is not just about breathing. It depends on many ways that facial muscles work together, often including the eyes, head, and shoulders. By activating the neural paths that bring feelings like joy, laughter can make you feel happier and less stressed. A good sense of humor and the laughter that comes with it need some ability to understand other people and remember things. Humor and laughter often come from seeing something special in a situation first. You need to mentally solve the unusual behavior or event. Or you won’t laugh. You might just feel strange instead. Trying to understand the intentions of others and thinking from their point of view can make your laughter and amusement even stronger. To get a joke or a funny situation, you need to see the funny side of things and believe there could be other meanings besides the obvious one. Laughter helps us connect with other people. The language expert Don Nilsen points out that laughs seldom happen when alone, supporting their strong social role. For example, public speakers and comedians (喜剧演员) try to get a laugh to create closeness with the audiences. By practicing a little laughter each day, you can improve social skills that may not come naturally to you. When you laugh in response to humor, you share your feelings with others and learn from the risks that your response will be accepted by others and not be refused. Laughter also produces positive (积极的) feelings, like amusement, happiness and joy. These feelings help us recover from problems and think more creatively. They make us feel better about life and more satisfied. Scientists have found that these positive feelings experienced with humor and laughter are related to understanding the meaning of life. 1．What is the first step to laugh according to the text? A．Being very smart. B．Noticing something unusual. C．Being positive to life. D．Thinking in the speaker’s way. 2．What does the underlined word “intentions” mean in paragraph 3? A．Purpose. B．Choice. C．Attention. D．Request. 3．Why do comedians try to make listeners laugh? A．To show they are clever. B．To make listeners feel closer to them. C．To show their speaking style. D．To make the performance more challenging. 4．What are “positive feelings from laughter” connected with? A．Solving muscle trouble. B．Stopping positive feelings. C．Avoiding social activities. D．Understanding life’s meaning. 5．Why does the writer write the text? A．To talk about why we laugh. B．To teach readers to practice laughter. C．To show the good influences of laughter. D．To explain the social importance of laughter. Passage19 （2025·河南郑州·一模）Lenses (镜片) are useful tools that help us see things more clearly. They are widely used in our daily lives. They can help us read small words in books and take clear photos. They are also used to help people who have trouble seeing things clearly, like those who can’t see far away or those who can’t see things up close. There are many kinds of lenses, but today we will talk about convex and concave lenses. Imagine you’re using a magnifying glass (放大镜) to read small words in a book. What happens when you move the glass closer to the words? The letters get bigger, right? That’s the power of a convex lens. Convex lenses are thicker in the middle and thinner at the sides. When light passes through a convex lens, it is brought together at a single point called the focus. This is why magnifying glasses, camera lenses, and even the lenses for some old people use convex lenses to see more clearly. Different from convex lenses, concave lenses are thinner in the middle and thicker at the sides. When light passes through concave lenses, it spreads out. You can find concave lenses in your daily life. For example, if you are nearsighted (近视的), your glasses probably have concave lenses. You are nearsighted because the light entering your eyes does not focus exactly on the retina (视网膜). When you wear glasses with concave lenses, the light spreads out first and then enters the eyes, allowing it to focus correctly on the retina. In this way, you can see things clearly. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．How lenses work. B．What lenses look like. C．What lenses are used for. D．How many kinds of lenses there are. 2．Which of the following have convex lenses according to the text? a. Cameras.    b. Mirrors.    c. Magnifying glasses.    d. Nearsighted glasses. A．a, c B．a, d C．b, c D．b, d 3．How does the concave lens work? A． B． C． D． 4．How does the writer mainly organize the text in the last paragraph? A．Facts→Opinions. B．Descriptions→Examples. C．Causes→Effects. D．Problems→Solutions. 5．What is the purpose of the text? A．To express feelings of using different lenses. B．To give advice on how to learn physics well. C．To offer information about science in daily life. D．To encourage students to use more modern tools. Passage20 （2025·重庆·一模） ①Cloisonne, or jingtailan in Chinese, is a special way of creating designs on metal. Lan means “blue” in Chinese, and jingtailan pieces often have a beautiful dark blue as the main color. ②Usually, making cloisonne needs many steps—creating a metal base, using metal strips (条) to create a design, filling the spaces with colored powders (粉末), and then firing. Each step needs cloisonne makers to be very careful and creative. ③Cloisonne appeared in China in the late 13th century. It became popular during the time of Emperor Jingtai in the Ming Dynasty. This gave its name of jingtailan. In 2006, cloisonne making was added to China’s national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) list. ④Here is a story about two cloisonne masters. Several years ago, Li Jinglong and Guan Dian visited the Palace Museum in Beijing. There, they fell in love with cloisonne handcrafts (手工艺品). After that, they decided to open a workshop to let more people know about Chinese-style cloisonne. This led them to start Handcraft Addicted. People can make their own cloisonne pieces there. Since 2018, they have opened three workshops in Beijing. ⑤The whole process of making cloisonne is very hard, but Li and Guan made it easier. People only need to bend (把……弄弯) thin metal wires (金属丝) into shapes they like and use colored powders to fill the spaces. ⑥Chang Yunqi has been going to Handcraft Addicted in her free time for about five years. “The thin metal wires look like the pencil lines I draw on canvas (画布). It is challenging but also interesting,” she said. ⑦Li and Guan enjoy teaching people how to make traditional cloisonne. “We have many guests like Chang who come to our workshop weekly, not only to create art but also to get away from their busy lives,” said Li. ⑧As more and more people learn about this ancient craft, jingtailan has been a symbol of Chinese cultural heritage. Jingtailan workshops and shows held around the world serve as a bridge, connecting people from different countries. 1．What does the writer think of the cloisonne makers? A．Colorful and thankful. B．Easy but busy. C．Creative and careful. D．Challenging but interesting. 2．What does the underlined word “they” refer to? A．Li Jinglong and Guan Dian. B．Chinese-style cloisonne pieces. C．The masters from the Palace Museum. D．The people making cloisonne pieces. 3．How do Li Jinglong and Guan Dian tell they like teaching people to make cloisonne? A．By telling a story about Chang Yungi in their workshop. B．By showing the steps for making cloisonne handcrafts. C．By giving an example of a guest’s coming to the workshop. D．By describing what the guests in the workshop look like. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 试卷第2页，共11页 试卷第1页，共11页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题08 阅读理解（说明文）（20篇） Passage 1 （2025·浙江杭州·一模）How many close friends do you have? And does the number of friends you have make a difference to your life? Researchers in Australia studied 1,500 people over 70 and found that those with strong friendships live longer. One key reason is that good friends encourage healthy habits. For example, people with close friends are more likely to exercise, eat well, and feel good about themselves. Friendships also influence wealth. An American study of 10,000 students, over a period of 35 years, found that if you make more friends at school, you’ll make more money in later life. People need good social skills at work to manage people and work in a team successfully. These are the same skills we use to make friends at school. Online networks make it easy to stay in touch. On average, teenagers have 500 online “friends,” while adults have130. But according to Oxford professor Robin Dunbar, people regularly communicate with only about 150. He suggests we typically have five very close friends, ten more we contact sometimes, 35 we share hobbies with, and 100 we don’t know well. Beyond this, relationships become less meaningful. However, having too many online friends might be harmful. A Canadian study of teenagers found that highly sociable users experienced more anxiety. Seeing others’ “perfect lives” can make people feel bad, and being popular online can cause social pressure. If you have a lot of online “friends”, try this: first take away all the people you can’t remember. Then those you haven’t been in touch with for a year and, finally take away friends who you wouldn’t care if you lost touch with. How many do you have left? How many of these people are actually good friends? According to the research, these are the only people that really matter. 1．What helps people live longer according to the text? A．Having strong friendships. B．Working together in a team. C．Having plenty of money. D．Using online networks often. 2．What does the underlined word “anxiety” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Illnesses. B．Stress. C．Loneliness. D．Accidents. 3．Which of the following opinions might the writer agree with? A．Having more friends can always make our life better. B．Good friends should share everything with each other. C．Online friends are more important than real-life friends. D．True friendships matter more than the number of friends. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文讨论了友谊对健康、财富及心理健康的影响。研究表明，强大的朋友关系能促进健康习惯，有助于延长寿命；在学校建立的友谊有助于未来职业成功。虽然在线社交网络方便了人们保持联系，但拥有过多线上“朋友”可能导致焦虑和社会压力。最终，文章强调真正深厚的友谊比朋友数量更重要。 1．细节理解题。根据“Researchers in Australia studied 1, 500 people over 70 and found that those with strong friendships live longer.”可知，强友谊与健康长寿相关。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Seeing others’ “perfect lives” can make people feel bad, and being popular online can cause social pressure.”可知，在网上很流行可能会导致社会压力，anxiety“焦虑”，和stress“压力”相关。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“people regularly communicate with only about 150”和“having too many online friends might be harmful”可知，友谊质量比数量更重要。故选D。 Passage2 （2025·浙江杭州·一模）Like many other grandmothers, Daisy likes to cook, and she isn’t very good with technology. Or, at least, that’s what she might tell people on the phone. Daisy even describes herself as “your worst nightmare.” But don’t worry—she’s not talking to you; she’s talking to phone scammers (骗子) . That’s because Daisy is actually an AI chatbot. She was created by a UK phone company to speak to scammers on the phone and make them believe they’re talking to a real person. Older people are easily cheated by scammers. In July 2024, a UK study found that around 67% of people over 75 were scammed at least once in the six months before the study. Nearly 75% of these scams happened over the phone. Meet Daisy, who has been trained to have conversations with phone scammers, and waste their time. The company teamed up with Jim Browning, who has spent years acting like a clueless victim (一无所知的受害者) to waste scammers’ time. And that’s the whole point—Daisy can’t stop scammers, but she can slow them down. “Whenever she’s on the phone with a scammer, your parents, your grandparents, your relatives, are not being cheated,” Browning said. The company says, “Daisy is already wasting hundreds and hundreds of hours of scammers’ time, and has shared real-life conversations the chatbot has had with them.” Some conversations last nearly an hour. She talks about her cat, Fluffy, and people in her family. In some  conversations, she even gives the scammers what they want—bank details. But of course, they’re not real. “Daisy is also there to remind you of something important. The person you’re speaking to on the phone might not always be who he says he is,” the company adds. 1．Which of the following is TRUE about Daisy? A．She is not a real grandmother. B．She can stop phone scammers. C．She isn’t very good with technology. D．She was created by an American company. 2．How does the author prove older people are easily scammed in Paragraph 2? A．By talking about the chatbot. B．By telling stories about victims. C．By using numbers from a study. D．By explaining how scammers work. 3．What does Daisy usually talk about on the phone? A．Her real bank details. B．How to stop scammers. C．Her favorite hobbies. D．Her cat, Fluffy, and her family. 4．Why was Daisy created by a phone company? A．To help people stay away from all scammers. B．To only help those who are over 75 years old. C．To waste scammers’ time and slow them down. D．To share real-life conversations with old people. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍英国电话公司开发的AI聊天机器人Daisy，她伪装成祖母与电话骗子周旋，通过拖延时间保护潜在受害者（尤其是老年人），并揭露电话诈骗的常见手段。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Daisy is actually an AI chatbot.”可知，Daisy并非真实的祖母，而是AI聊天机器人。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“a UK study found that around 67% of people over 75 were scammed... 75% of these scams happened over the phone.”可知，作者通过引用一项研究中的数据来证明老年人易受骗。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“She talks about her cat, Fluffy, and people in her family.”可知，Daisy在对话中会谈论她的猫Fluffy和家人。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“Meet Daisy, who has been trained to have conversations with phone scammers, and waste their time.”和“Daisy can’t stop scammers, but she can slow them down”可知，Daisy的目的是浪费骗子的时间并拖延他们。故选C。 Passage3 （2025·浙江宁波·一模）Do you have memories from when you were a baby? Most of us don’t have them. This is called “childhood amnesia (童年失忆症)”. However, these memories are actually kept in the brain until we become adults, even though we aren’t aware of them. Professor Cristina Alberini at New York University found that the experiences learned in infancy (婴幼儿期) are kept as hidden memories. It happens in the hippocampus when an infant’s (婴儿的) brain is growing. Changes in brain chemicals help this process. Alberini did experiments on mice and found that adding some chemicals later can bring back hidden memories. This shows that early memories aren’t lost but are kept. “If the children are learning difficult situations in early childhood, their brains are going to be shaped based on that experience,” Alberini said. Her study shows these hidden memories may influence people’s learning abilities throughout their lives and lead to some mental (精神的) health illnesses. Although most of us can’t remember the things that happened to us when we were little, the age at which each person has their first memory can be different. Different backgrounds may explain the difference. Professor Wang Qi at Cornell University in the US has shown that the earliest memories of Americans date back to around 3.5 years of age, almost six months earlier than in Chinese people. Wang said that this is because American people are more self-focused (以自我为中心). However, in Asia, people play more roles in society and have more relationships with others. So it may take more time for Asian babies to remember many details. How often parents talk about past experiences with their children can also influence when first memories appear. New Zealand’s Maori people have their first memories as early as at the age of 2.5. It’s because the Maori culture values stories and deep conversations about past events. Conversations are key for keeping memories when kids can form mental images of the things that happened to them. 1．According to the passage, “childhood amnesia” refers to ________. A．inability to recall early childhood experiences B．difficulty children have forming (形成) memories C．worry about the truth of early memories D．loss of memory abilities in the childhood 2．According to the passage, the underlined word “hippocampus” is probably __________. A．a name of a scientific experiment B．a part of human brain C．a kind of special medicine D．a kind of chemicals 3．According to the passage, __________ are the one who form first memories earliest. A．Chinese people. B．American people. C．European people. D．Maori people. 4．On which website can we probably read the above passage? A．www.crossculture.com B．www.mentalhealth.com C．www.brainandmemory.com D．www.scienceandtech.com 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了“童年失忆症”现象及其相关研究，探讨了早期记忆的形成、存储以及不同文化背景下人们首次记忆的年龄差异。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第1段“Do you have memories from when you were a baby? Most of us don’t have them. This is called ‘childhood amnesia’.”可知，“童年失忆症”指的是无法回忆起早期童年经历。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第2段“It happens in the hippocampus when an infant’s brain is growing.”可推知，“hippocampus”是大脑的一部分。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“New Zealand’s Maori people have their first memories as early as at the age of 2.5.”可知，毛利人是最早形成第一次记忆的人群。故选D。 4．推理判断题。结合上下文可知，本文主要讨论了记忆的形成、存储以及相关研究，涉及大脑科学和记忆机制。因此，最有可能发布这类文章的网站是与大脑和记忆相关的网站。故选C。 Passage4 （2025·北京通州·一模）Scientists have recognized that emotions (情感) play an important role in how we learn. Emotions connected to knowledge and understanding are especially important in learning environments. For example, feeling curious can lead to deeper connection with new material, while boredom can slow down learning. Awe (敬畏) is one such emotion, the feeling of coming across something beyond understanding. Earlier research exploring awe often took place in controlled labs. However, a team of researchers looked into awe in a more natural environment. The researchers asked 131 visitors who planned to watch one of the planetarium’s (天文馆) films to the center. Before entering, they answered questions about their knowledge of the film’s topic, their first interest in it and background information about themselves. The center was showing three films: one about Earth’s climate system, one about the Northern Lights, and one about stars and planets. After watching their chosen film, the viewers completed some surveys. They scored their interest in the topic again and completed surveys to check emotions they experienced and see if they thought critically (批判性). Finally, they completed a task to test how well they remembered about the film. The study proved that planetarium films created awe in viewers. They described experiencing awe, stronger or weaker depending on the film. The film about the Northern Lights drew out a stronger sense of awe. The researchers noted that the film presented information that was more difficult to understand. It might have contributed to the stronger feeling of awe. They also found that viewers who thought critically described feeling more connected to their environment during the awe experience. As for the memory task, the researchers found that experiencing higher levels of awe was connected to lower correctness in noticing mistakes, false statements, and inferences (推断). Viewers who had more earlier knowledge were better at finding mistakes and false statements but were more likely to falsely recognize inferences as being from the film. Perhaps the most important finding was that experiencing awe during the films greatly increased viewers’ interest in the topics. This finding supports the idea that awe can start curiosity and drive people to become more interested in science-related subjects. 1．Why does the writer use the example in Paragraph 1? A．To tell why emotions are connected to understanding. B．To introduce how emotions are used to explore knowledge. C．To show how different emotions influence learning activities. D．To argue why positive emotions improve learning environments. 2．What do the words “contributed to” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Dealt with. B．Broke through. C．Taken away. D．Resulted in. 3．What can we learn from the research mentioned in the passage? A．The research of awe should be carried out in controlled environments. B．Earlier knowledge was likely to lead to wrong judgments about inferences. C．Critical thinking weakened viewers’ sense of connection to the environment. D．The visitors needed to be divided into three groups according to their knowledge. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain people’s choices of films about experiencing awe. B．To report the effects of awe on learning and interest in science. C．To prove the importance of doing research on awe scientifically. D．To discuss the solutions to increasing curiosity in science through awe. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了一项在自然环境中研究“敬畏”情感对学习和科学兴趣影响的实验，实验表明在观看天文馆影片时体验到的敬畏感能极大地增加观众对相关主题的兴趣，且与记忆等方面存在一定联系。 1．细节理解题。根据“For example, feeling curious can lead to deeper connection with new material, while boredom can slow down learning.”可知，通过好奇和无聊这两种不同情感对学习的不同影响，说明了不同情感是如何影响学习活动的。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据“The film about the Northern Lights drew out a stronger sense of awe. The researchers noted that the film presented information that was more difficult to understand. It might have contributed to the stronger feeling of awe.”可知，关于北极光的电影呈现的信息更难理解，这可能导致了更强烈的敬畏感；据此可以推断，划线单词“contributed to”意为“导致”，与“resulted in”意思相近。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Viewers who had more earlier knowledge were better at finding mistakes and false statements but were more likely to falsely recognize inferences as being from the film.” 可知，有更多先前知识的观众更擅长发现错误和虚假陈述，但更有可能错误地认为推断来自电影，即先前的知识可能导致对推断的错误判断。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。综合全文，尤其是根据最后一段“experiencing awe during the films greatly increased viewers’ interest in the topics. This finding supports the idea that awe can start curiosity and drive people to become more interested in science-related subjects”可知，文章开篇指出情感在学习中起重要作用，接着介绍了关于敬畏情感的研究，最后得出在电影中感受到敬畏极大地增加了观众对主题的兴趣，这一发现支持了敬畏可以激发好奇心并驱使人们对科学相关学科更感兴趣的观点，即报告了敬畏感对学习和科学兴趣的影响。故选B。 Passage5 （2025·北京海淀·一模）Ever since we learned that the surface of Mars is cold and dead, people have wondered if there is a way to make it friendlier to life. Problems ahead include deadly UV rays and salty soil. But the biggest is that the surface temperature of Mars averages about -60°C． A recent study published in Science Advances put forward a revolutionary way to take one step closer to our age-old dream to live on Mars. In the study, the researchers designed particles (颗粒) that look like tiny short sticks in order to keep the heat and scatter sunlight towards the surface, strengthening Mars’ natural greenhouse effect. This study shows that if the particles were sent into Mars’ atmosphere (大气) continuously at 30L per second, the planet would warm by more than 10°C, to temperatures suitable for microbial (微生物的) life—an important first step towards making Mars suitable for humans to live on. What makes this method stand out among others is its use of materials available on Mars, making it far more practical than earlier ideas that depended on transporting materials from the Earth. And the new method is over 5,000 times more effective than earlier ones to globally warm Mars. This method would still take decades (数十年). But as Edwin Kite, a researcher in the team, said, “At least this suggests that the difficulty of warming Mars to allow liquid (液态的) water is not as big as thought before.” However, much work remains to be done. We don’t know exactly how fast the particles would cycle out of Mars’ atmosphere, for example. Mars does have water and clouds, and, as the planet warms, it’s possible that water would begin to turn into tiny drops around the particles and fall back to the surface as rain. This would result in a decrease of particles in Mars’ atmosphere, reducing the warming effect. Kite noted, “Climate feedbacks are really difficult to model correctly. We would need more data from both Mars and the Earth and must proceed carefully to ensure the effects.” Besides, the researchers stress that the study focuses on warming Mars to temperatures suitable for microbial life and possibly growing food crops—not on creating a breathable atmosphere for humans. Anyway, this research shows new possibilities for exploration and could bring us one step closer to our long-held dream of living on Mars. 1．According to the recent study, the particles could ________. A．do harm to the microbial life B．deal with UV rays and salty soil C．increase the temperature on Mars D．build a greenhouse for men to live in 2．What can we learn about the new method? A．Humans can breathe on Mars if it works properly. B．Its full effect will be seen soon as the particles are sent. C．Materials from the Earth will be transported to Mars. D．Drops of water with the particles in may fall back as rain. 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．A more practical way to heat Mars. B．An age-old dream to explore Mars. C．Chance of creating Mars’ atmosphere. D．Difficulty of making Mars more livable. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项通过向火星大气投放吸热颗粒来升温火星的研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第2段“This study shows that if the particles were sent into Mars’ atmosphere (大气) continuously at 30L per second, the planet would warm by more than 10°C”可知，这些粒子以每秒30升的速度连续送入火星大气层，火星将变暖10°C以上。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第4段“Mars does have water and clouds, and, as the planet warms, it’s possible that water would begin to turn into tiny drops around the particles and fall back to the surface as rain.”可知，火星确实有水和云，随着地球变暖，水可能会开始在颗粒周围变成微小的水滴，并以雨的形式落回地表。由此可知，带有颗粒的水滴可能会以雨的形式落下。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项通过向火星大气投放吸热颗粒来升温火星的研究，即一种更实用的加热火星的方法。故选A。 Passage6 （2025·北京大兴·一模） Human augmentation technologies are all around you. They are wearable and portable (便携的). And they are so much a part of your daily life that you may not even notice them. Do you, or any of your family and friends, wear eyeglasses? Glasses allow us to see further, in finer detail. Next, think about the phone in your pocket. Phones enable us to quickly connect with people far away and to get a large amount of information on the internet. They each strengthen our human abilities to a surprising degree. And yet, they are completely ordinary nowadays. But, what about physical augmentation? Imagine something you could wear to make lifting easier or allow you to hold heavy tools without getting tired. What you are imagining is called an exoskeleton, or exo for short. Exos are wearable devices (装置) that support or augment movement or performance through physical work. Work exos make physical jobs easier, or help improve a worker’s physical performance or safety. Workers who do overhead tasks, like painting ceilings (天花板) can use arm exos to make these jobs less tiring and reduce their risk of shoulder injuries. This means workers can do their jobs without getting as tired or sore, which can improve work quality and well-being both at work and after work. There are also exos to support many other tasks and body parts. There are exos for the back, hands, and legs. For example, delivery workers who load (装载) and unload boxes can use back exos to make lifting easier and less tiring. Doctors and nurses who need to stand for long periods of time can use leg exos to help support their body weight. Leg exos are also being developed for soldiers, firefighters, and mountaineers who may have to carry heavy equipment (设备) over long distances. Exos are such a new technology that they are not yet widely used at work. But many experts expect that exos will become widely used in certain industries in the future. There is still more to learn scientifically about the longer-term effects of exos, but over the next ten years, the popularity of these wearable technologies is expected to grow rapidly. Exos might even become standard tools or safety equipment in certain jobs in the near future. 1．Why does the writer use the example of glasses and phones in Paragraph 2? A．To show human augmentation are a part of our daily life. B．To stress human augmentation can be carried easily. C．To explain human abilities are weak in some fields. D．To prove glasses and phones are very useful in our life. 2．What does the underlined word “augment” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Stop. B．Change. C．Reduce. D．Improve. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Work exos can help workers earn more money. B．Work exos can help workers do the jobs more safely. C．Work exos can carry heavy equipment for firefighters. D．Work exos can take the place of workers in the near future. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain the importance of long-term effects of exos. B．To remind people to be careful about their body parts. C．To introduce a new technology named exoskeleton. D．To express his/her worries about the widely-used exos. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍人类增强技术对社会的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据“And they are so much a part of your daily life that you may not even notice them.”可知，第二段在举例介绍眼镜、手机，他们已经是我们生活的一部分了。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Exos are wearable devices that support or augment movement or performance through physical work.”可知，这是一种可以通过体力劳动支持或增强运动或表现的装置，故augment指“改善，提高”。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Exos might even become standard tools or safety equipment in certain jobs in the near future.”可知，在不久的将来，Exos甚至可能成为某些工作的标准工具或安全设备。故选项B“将来Exos可以帮助工人做事情更安全”符合。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据全文大意可知，作者写这篇文章主要是介绍名叫exoskeleton的新科技。故选C。 Passage7 （2025·安徽合肥·一模）ln 2025, a Chinese AI company named DeepSeek became well-known by creating free AI tools for users worldwide. These tools worked faster and cost less than similar products from other countries. Many programmers quickly started using them for projects like language translation and data analysis. Andrew Aitken, a technology expert, praised DeepSeek’s idea: “Sharing tools freely helps people work together and create better technology.” Chen Jie, Shanghai’s vice-mayor, also shared that AI businesses added 450 billion yuan to Shanghai’s economy in 2024, supporting over 200,000 jobs. Cheng Jie, a middle school student, also speaks highly of DeepSeek, “AI is helpful to teenagers. It provides learning aids like study plans and helps us learn more knowledge easily and improve our language skills.” However, some problems still exist. People worry about how AI might affect privacy and fairness. Some teenagers may be too fond of it. They might depend too much on AI. This could weaken their thinking skills. DeepSeek promises to solve these issues while aiming to lead the global AI industry. In short, AI development is really great. It not only can improve work speed and solve various problems but also open up new possibilities. With proper control, it’ll bring more convenience and progress to society. 1．Why was DeepSeek’s AI tools special compared to others? A．They worked faster and cost less. B．They were used only in China. C．They required no internet connection. D．They focused on robot development. 2．What does “free AI tools” mean in the passage? A．Tools that require no payment. B．Tools that are simple to operate. C．Tools made for Chinese users only. D．Tools that anyone can use and buy. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．High costs limited the development of DeepSeek. B．AI tools are not helpful to teenagers. C．Privacy and fairness concerns are key challenges for AI. D．AI lacks skilled programmers while developing. 4．What does the writer think of AI tools? A．Harmful. B．Hopeless. C．Useful. D．Useless. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了中国人工智能公司DeepSeek开发的免费人工智能工具在全球范围内的优势、应用场景及社会影响，同时提及人工智能发展面临的挑战和未来潜力。 1．细节理解题。根据“These tools worked faster and cost less than similar products from other countries.”可知，DeepSeek的人工智能工具因高效和低成本而特殊。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“These tools worked faster and cost less than similar products from other countries.”可知，DeepSeek通过为全球用户创建免费的人工智能工具而闻名。“free AI tools”在此处指“无需付费的人工智能工具”，与选项A意思相近。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“People worry about how AI might affect privacy and fairness.”可知，隐私和公平问题是人工智能面临的关键挑战。故选C。 4．观点态度题。根据“AI development is really great. It not only can improve work speed and solve various problems but also open up new possibilities. With proper control, it’ll bring more convenience and progress to society.”可知，作者认为人工智能发展非常伟大，能为社会带来更多便利和进步。由此可知，作者认为人工智能工具是有益的。故选C。 Passage8 （2025·安徽合肥·一模）What color of wearing do you like? Do you know “dopamine dressing (多巴胺穿搭)”? It’s one of the most popular fashion trends (趋势) now. However, is there any science behind this? “Dopamine dressing” came out from the book Dress Your Best Life. American fashion psychologist (心理学家), Dawnn Karen wrote this book in 2020. In the book, dopamine dressing is about wearing colorful clothing to get more dopamine. Dopamine is a chemical in our brain. This kind of chemical makes people feel good. Our brain gives it out when we eat delicious food, play with our pets, listen to our favorite songs, after we exercise or when we win a game. According to Science Focus, there are studies that show a relationship between the colors of the clothes we wear and how we act and feel. One study found that wearing red can bring better physical performance. It also showed bright colors can make people feel excited. One more study showed that wearing green can help people relax because it’s the color of nature. Yellow, the color of summer and warmth, can bring people happiness. But there are some problems with these studies, as people from different cultures have different ideas about dressing and colors. In a word, “dopamine dressing” shows that we can wear colorful clothes to get more dopamine and feel good. Dressing is more than a trend. It’s also a way of showing ourselves. So, next time you’re getting dressed, think about which colors will bring out your best self. 1．What do we know about “dopamine dressing”? A．It is the most popular fashion trend. B．It is about wearing colorful clothing. C．It is a chemical that makes us feel good. D．Wearing yellow can help people relax. 2．When may our brain give out dopamine according to the text? A．When we study for a test. B．While we’re lying in bed. C．While we’re playing with dogs. D．When we eat something terrible. 3．What would be the best title for the text? A．Fashion Trends for 2025 B．Secrets of Personal Expression C．The Truth of Different Dressing Cultures D．The Science Behind Dopamine Dressing 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文介绍了“多巴胺穿搭”这一时尚趋势，探讨了其背后的科学原理。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In the book, dopamine dressing is about wearing colorful clothing to get more dopamine.”可知，多巴胺穿搭是有关穿色彩鲜艳的服装。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Our brain gives it out when we eat delicious food, play with our pets, listen to our favorite songs, after we exercise or when we win a game.”可知，大脑释放多巴胺的场景，包括与宠物玩耍、听最喜欢的歌曲、锻炼后或赢得比赛时。故选C。 3．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了“多巴胺穿搭”这一时尚趋势，探讨了其背后的科学原理。故最佳标题为：多巴胺穿搭背后的科学。故选D。 Passage9 （2025·广东深圳·一模）JIUQUAN SATELLITE LAUNCH CENTER, China sends off its youngest-ever team for its space station on Thursday. It is part of the country’s plan to put astronauts on the moon before 2030. The China Manned Space Agency said the average (平均的) age of the three-member team is the youngest since the launch of the space station. Their average age is 38, state media China Daily said. The three astronauts are Tang Hongbo, Tang Shengjie and Jiang Xinlin. They will replace a team that has been on the station for six months. The new team will perform experiments in space medicine, space technology and other areas during their stay. And they will help to place and do possible repairs to equipment (设备) inside and outside the station. In 2022, the Chinese government built its own space station after it was not permitted to join the US led International Space Station. The Americans worried that the Chinese space program was under the control of the People’s Liberation Army. China’s first manned space mission (任务) in 2003 made it the third country after the former Soviet Union and the US to put a person into space using its own resources. This is an important step in exploring space, which makes all Chinese people proud. Although the American space program is believed to be far ahead of China at this time, China has made some important steps. They include bringing back samples (样本) from the moon’s surface for the first time and landing a vehicle (运载工具) on the less explored far side of the moon. The US, meanwhile, aims to put astronauts back on the moon’s surface by the end of 2025. Beyond their moon exploration programs, the two countries have achieved significant milestones in space exploration by independently (独立地) landing vehicles on the surface of Mars. China now plans to follow the US in landing a spacecraft on an asteroid (小行星). It shows China’s determination to become a leader in this competitive field. All Chinese people are full of expectations for the future development of exploring the universe. 1．When does China plan to put astronauts on the moon? A．Before 2030. B．Before 2025. C．Before 2040. D．Before 2050. 2．What can we learn about the three astronauts? A．They stayed at the station for six months. B．They will do experiments in different areas. C．They are the youngest astronauts at the age of 38. D．They will use the equipment to repair the station. 3．Why did China build its own space station? A．Because China was controlled by the American space program. B．Because China wanted to challenge the US in space exploration. C．Because China wanted to have control over American space program. D．Because China was not allowed to join the International Space Station. 4．Which is the main idea of Paragraph 5? A．China lands a vehicle on the far side of the moon. B．China brings back samples from the moon’s surface. C．China has taken important steps in space exploration. D．China will put astronauts on the moon’s surface before 2030. 5．What have both the US and China achieved in their space programs? A．They landed vehicles on Mars independently. B．They built a joint International Space Station. C．They landed a spacecraft on an asteroid. D．They launched their first manned space missions. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国计划在2030年前将宇航员送上月球，并介绍了中国自己建立太空站的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It is part of the country’s plan to put astronauts on the moon before 2030.”可知中国计划在2030年之前把宇航员送上月球。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The new team will perform experiments in space medicine, space technology and other areas during their stay.”可知新的团队将在不同的领域进行实验。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“In 2022, the Chinese government built its own space station after it was not permitted to join the US led International Space Station.”可知因为中国没有被允许加入美国领导的国际空间站，所以中国建了自己的空间站。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据“China has made some important steps”可知本段主要讲述了中国在太空探索方面取得的进展。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“Beyond their moon exploration programs, the two countries have achieved significant milestones in space exploration by independently (独立地) landing vehicles on the surface of Mars.”可知中国和美国已经都独立地在火星上着陆了飞行器。故选A。 Passage10 （2025·广东深圳·一模）Almost all of us have them in our bodies. They accumulate throughout our lives and they may be causing serious health problems. They’ve been called “forever chemicals”, but what are they, where do they come from, and what can we do about them? “Forever chemicals” are named for their carbon-fluorine bonds (碳氟键), which make them last for a very long time, if not forever. These chemical bonds between fluorine and carbon atoms (原子) are very hard to pull apart, which means that these chemicals increase over time in our environment. They have been found in the soil, in drinking water, and even in our bodies. Some of these chemicals are not allowed to be used anymore, but these chemicals have been used in a lot of consumer products. They don’t mix well with oil or water, so they have been used to keep things clean and dry. You could find them in things like non-stick pans (不粘锅), food containers, waterproof clothes, and even bike lubricants. People are worried about these chemicals being in cosmetics (化妆品) and other personal care products, because those things touch our eyes and mouths, making it easier for the chemicals to get into our bodies. We’re not sure exactly how dangerous these chemicals are, but some studies suggest they might cause problems like serious diseases, trouble having babies, problems with children’s development, and a weaker immune (免疫的) system. We don’t yet know the level of these chemicals that can cause illness. It may be impossible to completely avoid these chemicals, but we can take steps to have less of them around us. We can use things like air filters and water filters to clean the air and water. We can also keep our homes clean so there isn’t too much dust. In addition, we can look carefully at what’s in cosmetics and check what’s in furniture before we buy them. 1．What does the underlined word “accumulate” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Break down. B．Speed up. C．Build up. D．Move around. 2．Why might breaking down the chemicals be challenging? A．They are too small to see. B．Their bonds are easy to form. C．They don’t have smell or color. D．Their bonds are hard to separate. 3．Why are the chemicals widely used? A．They are cheap to produce. B．They bring convenience to life. C．They are commonly found in nature. D．They can be taken to other places easily. 4．What does the writer think about staying away from these chemicals? A．It’s not worth trying to avoid them. B．We may not be able to keep them away. C．It’s important to avoid them completely. D．We can easily keep them out of our lives. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Forever chemicals: a mystery B．Forever chemicals: health risks C．Forever chemicals: easy solutions D．Forever chemicals: not a problem 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了“永久化学物质”的特性、来源、潜在危害以及如何减少其对健康的影响。 1．词义猜测题。根据“accumulate throughout our lives”及“which means that these chemicals increase over time in our environment.”可知“accumulate”意为“积累”，与Build up“增强，积累”意思相近。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“These chemical bonds between fluorine and carbon atoms are very hard to pull apart”可知，这些化学物质的键难以分离，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“They don’t mix well with oil or water, so they have been used to keep things clean and dry”可知，这些化学物质因具有防油防水的特性而被广泛使用，给生活带来了便利，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“It may be impossible to completely avoid these chemicals”可知，作者认为完全避免这些化学物质可能是不可能的，故选B。 5．最佳标题题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了“永久化学物质”的健康风险，故选B。 Passage11 （2025·江苏南京·一模）Seed (种子) dispersal is an interesting topic of study. It involves the movement, or transport, of seeds away from the parent plant. Plants disperse (传播) seeds in a variety of ways. Wind, water, animals and even fire help scatter (撒播) plant seeds. Some plants, such as dandelions, have seeds that are small and light. One dandelion can produce up to a hundred seeds. As dandelion seeds are dispersed by the wind, it is likely that some seeds will land in areas in which new plants can grow. A milkweed pod is filled with hundireds of seeds that can waft (飘荡) in the breeze. Both milkweed and dandelion seeds have been known to travel hundreds of miles on a wind current. Some plants, such as peas and violets, use an explosion (爆破) to send their seeds away. As a pea pod dries, it will eventually burst and send seeds flying in every direction. Violets use explosive dispersal as well. When the seeds are ready, the po d will open with a pop, ejecting seeds with surprising force. Many plants that live near water, such as the coconut tree, have seeds that can float and be carried great distances by the water. If dispersed into an ocean, a coconut can even be transported to another continent. Animals help plants disperse seeds in several ways. Some plants, like the burdock, have barbs that can get caught in the fur of animals passing by. An animal may carry the seed to a new location before the seed gets shaken off its fur. Other plants produce seeds inside fruits, such as apples and berries, that get eaten by animals. The seeds pass through the animal’s body and are dropped in other locations. The animal gets a tasty treat, and the plant grows in new places as the seeds are dispersed. Squirrels bury seeds for later. They return to find many, but not all, of the seeds they have stored. It could be said that a squirrel is nature’s gardener, as these seeds often grow into new plants. This is how many oak trees have been planted, as the acorn is one of a squirrel’s favorite treats. Fire is a less common method of seed dispersal. A forest fire can destroy most plants in an area, creating an open space. Seeds designed to take advantage of this space live in cones held together by resin (树脂). The glue-like resin melts at the temperature of a forest fire, allowing the seeds to be released to begin regrowth of the forest. 1．Why do most plants disperse seeds? A．To keep the ocean clean. B．To help new plants grow. C．To satisfy human’s daily needs. D．To treat animals in the forest. 2．How does the writer introduce the ways of dispersing seeds? A．By showing the steps in order. B．By explaining cause and effect. C．By comparing and noticing what’s different. D．By providing the examples in detail. 3．What does “a squirrel is nature’s gardener” probably mean? A．Squirrels are born gardeners in nature. B．Squirrels can help people take care of gardens. C．Squirrels like planting acorns instead of eating them. D．Squirrels help disperse seeds because they forget where to find seeds. 4．Which method of seed dispersal is clearly good for both a plant and an animal? A．A coconut seed floats to another continent. B．Milkweed and dandelion seeds are dispersed by the wind. C．A squirrel buries an acorn but does not come back to dig it up. D．An animal eats a fruit and the seeds are taken away to another place. 5．Which of the following sentences from the passage is an opinion? A．Seed dispersal is an interesting topic of study. B．Fire is a less common method of seed dispersal. C．Wind, water, animals and even fire help scatter plant seeds. D．Some plants, such as dandelions, have seeds that are small and light. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了不同植物的种子是如何传播的。 1．推理判断题。根据“Seed (种子) dispersal is an interesting topic of study. It involves the movement, or transport, of seeds away from the parent plant.”可知，种子传播是为了让种子远离母株，从而有机会在适合的地方生长为新植物，由此可推断种子这种传播的做法是为了帮助新的植物生长。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Some plants, such as dandelions, have seeds that are small and light.”，“Some plants, such as peas and violets, use an explosion (爆破) to send their seeds away.”，“Many plants that live near  water, such as the coconut tree, have seeds that can float and be  carried great distances by the water. ”及“Animals help plants disperse seeds in several ways.”可知，文章通过具体例子（如蒲公英、豌豆、椰子、松鼠等）详细说明不同传播方式。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Squirrels bury seeds for later. They return to find many, but not all, of the seeds they have stored.”可知，松鼠埋藏种子后常忘记位置，未被找回的种子得以生长为新植物，选项D“松鼠帮助散播种子，因为它们忘记了在哪里找到种子”准确描述了“松鼠是大自然的园丁”的称号。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“The seeds pass through the  animal’s body and are dropped in other locations. The animal gets a  tasty treat, and the plant grows in new places as the seeds are  dispersed.”可知，动物吃果实后排泄种子，动物获得食物，植物借此传播，这体现了互利关系。故选D。 5．推理判断题。选项A“种子传播是一个有趣的研究课题”为作者主观评价，属于作者的观点；其他选项均为客观事实陈述。故选A。 Passage12 （2025·江苏南京·一模）For a self-driving car to safely take passengers to their destinations, it needs to do three main things really well: understand the environment, make decisions, and carry out those decisions. First, the car needs to know what’s around it. To do this, it makes use of different sensors (传感器), such as cameras, radar and lidar (激光雷达). They act like the car’s “eyes”, allowing it to see people, street signs and so on. The sensors also help the car track its position and speed. But just being aware of things close by is not enough. Like a human driver, a self-driving car must also plan ahead to avoid traffic and accidents. This is where vehicle to vehicle (V2V) network comes in, allowing cars to share information with each other. For example, if one sees a traffic jam somewhere, it can “tell” others to avoid that area. Similarly, through vehicle to pedestrian (V2P，车与人) communication, a self-driving car can “talk” with people walking or biking to know if they are about to cross the street. Meanwhile, with vehicle to infrastructure (V2I，车与基础设施) communication, the car can connect with traffic lights to know when they will turn green. In addition, vehicle to network (V2N，车与网络) communication allows the car to go online and access the internet for the latest road information. Putting these four networks together, we get vehicle to everything (V2X), a technology that makes self-driving safer and more efficient. V2X would not have been possible without fast internet connections enabled by 4G and further improved by 5G, which connects self-driving cars to roads in different cities and countries. After collecting information, the self-driving car need to make sense of it and decide how to react. Like putting together the pieces of a puzzle, the car integrates the information from all sensors to “see the bigger picture”. Such multi-sensor fusion (多传感器融合) is supported by machine learning, which helps the car to recognize objects, create real-time maps, and make decisions about when to stop, go, or turn. Once a decision is made, the car needs to carry it out correctly. To do this, the car uses drive-by-wire technology (线控技术), where electronic signals are sent as orders to the wheels, brakes (刹车) and engine. This makes the car react more quickly and run more smoothly. It also helps the car use less oil, which is good for the environment. 1．What is the main function of the sensors on a self-driving car? A．To record the car’s performance. B．To monitor the car’s driving condition. C．To help the car maintain a safe speed. D．To gather information about the car’s surroundings. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The ways self-driving cars avoid accidents. B．The reasons why self-driving cars access the Internet. C．The communication networks used in self-driving cars. D．The wide application of self-driving technology. 3．How does the drive-by-wire technology assist self-driving cars? A．By reducing their emission of harmful gases. B．By providing a broader view for the cars. C．By controlling their braking systems. D．By improving their ability to react and operate. 4．What is the best title for the article? A．The History of Self-Driving Cars B．How 5G Technology Changed Transportation C．Key Technologies behind Safe Self-Driving Cars D．The Environmental Benefits of Drive-by-Wire Systems 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了自动驾驶汽车实现安全驾驶的三大核心技术：环境感知、决策制定和执行控制，并强调了V2X通信和5G网络的关键作用。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“They act like the car’s ‘eyes’, allowing it to see people, street signs and so on. The sensors also help the car track its position and speed.”可知，传感器用于收集周围环境信息。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第3段“Like a human driver, a self-driving car must also plan ahead to avoid traffic and accidents. This is where vehicle to vehicle (V2V) network comes in...”可知，本段重点为自动驾驶汽车避免交通事故的方式。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章末段“drive-by-wire technology... makes the car react more quickly and run more smoothly... use less oil”可知，其核心是提升反应和操作能力。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。全文围绕自动驾驶安全的三大技术（环境感知、决策、执行）展开，并强调V2X和5G的支撑作用。C项“安全自动驾驶的关键技术”全面覆盖了主题。故选C。 Passage13 （2025·江苏南京·一模）Almost everyone has experienced the feeling of discomfort when their actions do not agree with their inner values. A man, for example, values work-life balance yet works 80 hours every week, caring little about his own health and family. Another example is a boy who holds his parents’ love dear but gets angry at them in a moment of stress; or a woman who hopes to live healthily but gives in to the attraction of fast food during moments of weakness. This disagreement can lead to serious results, such as worsening relationships, limited personal growth, and self-doubt. The emotional effects of feeling out of control and unable to live up to our own standards can also be deeply harmful. The shame and upset that go along with these feelings often force us into silence, resulting in more self-doubt. One reason for this silence might be that admitting (承认) to these behaviors can feel like showing a weakness or mistake that society tells us should be kept hidden. What’s more, recognizing this disagreement requires coming face to face with uncomfortable truths about ourselves—a process that is as discouraging as it is necessary for growth. Recognizing and addressing these behaviors can provide a possibility of change. By looking into the causes of our behaviors, we can begin to understand our actions more easily and work toward sticking to our beliefs. Research supports the idea that recognizing this disagreement, together with mindfulness and open communication, can help with this process. These methods help us slow down, reflect (反思), and choose behaviors that follow our values more closely, even in the face of old habits or immediate needs. The key to dealing with this disagreement lies in compassion (同情) for ourselves and others. By developing a culture of openness and by understanding the challenges of aligning behaviors with beliefs, we can begin to break down what prevents us from having conversation and change. Admitting that this disagreement is a shared part of the human experience can enable us to speak openly, find support, and take necessary steps toward the agreement between our inner world and our actions. While the disagreement between our inner values and actions may be common, through reflection, understanding and purposeful practice, we can bridge the divide and set out on a journey of self-discovery. 1．Why does the writer use the examples in Paragraph 1? A．To stress an unavoidable need. B．To show a result of the wrong values. C．To describe a common human experience. D．To introduce a change in people’s relationships. 2．What does the word “aligning” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Matching. B．Comparing. C．Mixing. D．Confusing. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Discomfort forces us to give up our beliefs. B．Our behaviors weaken our understandings of life. C．Open communication makes it possible for us to change. D．Keeping silent allows us time to live up to our standards. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to stay true to their beliefs. B．To prove the importance of having the right values. C．To compare different ways to deal with discomfort. D．To discuss the influence of people’s improper actions. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了人们在生活中会遇到很多实际行动违背自己内心价值观的情况，这会让我们感到不舒服，甚至带来严重后果，但只要通过反思、理解和有目的的实践，我们就可以弥合这种分歧，踏上自我发现之旅。 1．推理判断题。通读第一段可知，本段第一句提出了一个观点：几乎每个人都会经历实际行动违背内心价值观带来的不适感，下文列举了三个具体的例子。由此可推知，作者在第一段中举例子是为了具体描述这种普遍的人类经历。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“By developing a culture of openness and by understanding the challenges of aligning behaviors with beliefs, we can begin to break down what prevents us from having conversation and change.”可知，这里指通过发展一种开放的文化，通过理解使行为与信念保持一致的挑战，人们能够开始突破那些不利于我们进行对话和改变的障碍。上文一直在说行为与信念的“不一致”，由此可推知，此处的“挑战”应指使行为与信念保持一致。画线词应意为“使一致”，与A项意思相近。故选A。 3．推理判断题。通读第三段尤其是第三句“Research supports the idea that recognizing this disagreement, together with mindfulness and open communication, can help with this process.”可知，作者认为意识到这种分歧，再加上保持警觉，进行坦诚的沟通，可以使人们发生改变。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了人们在生活中会遇到很多实际行动违背内心价值观的情况，这会让我们感到不舒服，甚至带来严重后果，但只要通过反思、理解和有目的的实践，我们就可以弥合这种分歧，踏上自我发现之旅。由此可推知，作者写本文的目的是鼓励人们忠于自己的信仰，坚守本心。故选A。 Passage14 （2025·江苏扬州·一模）Which works better in fighting against bad feelings, listening to music or doing sports? In fact, simply listening to music or doing sports can cheer us up, but mixing them together gives better results. In a study, a group of German scientists tested some patients under three conditions: a group dancing with music, a group just listening to music, and a group riding bikes without music. The results showed that the first group were the least stressed. Nowadays a lot of people take up dancing as a hobby in their free time. And dancing has been considered one of the best exercises to drive away bad feelings in recent years. Dancing, which includes moving the body to different kinds of music, helps our bodies produce much endorphin, a chemical that makes us feel relaxed and happy. Dancing can bring people together, too. Tango, Latin or other social dancing require us to move with others, which can improve our sense of social communication, according to IBSA, a Swiss scientific foundation. Dancing also helps people let go of bad feelings. Studies have found that stress often has to do with sadness about the past or worries about the future. However, dancing helps you focus on the present, connect with your body, and free your mind for a while, as reported by Psych Central, a mental health news website. Lauren Helper, a social worker in Virginia, US, pointed out that if people enjoy music of any kind, dancing can be a helpful way to reduce stress. She also said that dancing can take any form, whether it’s moving around the house to a song or going out dancing with friends. “The important part of movement is that it is fun,” she told Psych Central. 1．What’s the function of the first paragraph? A．To lead in the topic. B．To compare listening to music with doing sports. C．To explain a result. D．To share a test under three different conditions. 2．This article mentions ________ advantages of dancing. A．two B．three C．four D．five 3．What is the structure of the article? A．①/②③④/⑤⑥ B．①/②③/④/⑤⑥ C．①/②/③④⑤/⑥ D．①②/③④/⑤/⑥ 4．What can we learn from this article? A．Endorphin is a chemical that makes us feel stressed. B．Lauren Helper prefers to go out dancing with friends. C．Dancing reminds you of the past and future from time to time. D．Tango and Latin can improve our sense of social communication. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文探讨了在对抗负面情绪方面，听音乐和做运动哪种方式更有效，研究发现将两者结合（如跟着音乐跳舞）效果更佳，并阐述了跳舞在缓解压力、改善社交、帮助摆脱负面情绪等方面的优势。 1．推理判断题。根据“Which works better in fighting against bad feelings, listening to music or doing sports? In fact...” 可知，第一段通过提出问题引出关于结合音乐与运动（跳舞）对抗负面情绪的话题。故选A。 2．细节理解题。文章提到跳舞的优势有：帮助身体产生内啡肽让人放松快乐；能把人们聚集在一起，提升社交意识；帮助人们摆脱负面情绪。共三个优势。故选B。 3．篇章结构题。第一段引出在对抗负面情绪上音乐和运动结合（跳舞）效果更好的话题；第二段进一步阐述跳舞相关内容；第三、四、五段分别从跳舞能促使身体产生内啡肽让人放松快乐、能提升社交意识、能帮助人们摆脱负面情绪这几个方面，具体论述跳舞的好处；第六段借美国弗吉尼亚州社会工作者 Lauren Helper 的观点，强调跳舞是减轻压力的有效方式，是对跳舞好处的补充说明。整体结构是①/②/③④⑤/⑥。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Tango, Latin or other social dancing require us to move with others, which can improve our sense of social communication”可知，探戈和拉丁能提升我们的社交意识，故选D。 Passage15 （2025·江西南昌·一模）Peru is the third largest country in South America, after Brazil and Argentina. It is a country with many different landscapes (景观), including mountains, beaches, rainforests and more. The Andes Mountains run through Peru from north to south. These tall peaks (山峰) can be seen from beaches 80 kilometers away. The highest peak, Mount Huascarán, is 6,768 meters high. Because of its many different ecosystems, Peru is home to all kinds of plants and animals. The Amazon rainforest covers nearly half of Peru. In this large forest, a 1-km² area can contain more than 6,000kinds of plants. To protect them, Peru has created special forest areas called reserves. Large numbers of small fish live off the coast of Peru, and they in turn support populations of bigger fish and seabirds, including Humboldt penguins. There are many special kinds of plants and animals in the Andes Mountains. One amazing plant, the puya raimondi, takes 100 years to flower. The people of Peru are a mix of many different cultures, including Indians, Europeans, Africans and Asians. Most people used to live in the countryside. But now, more than 70 percent live in cities. Peru has a long and rich history. Over 500 years ago, it was home to the powerful Inca Empire in South America. The Incas built amazing cities like Machu Picchu in the Andes. In the 1500s, The Spanish arrived and took over. For about 300 years, Peru was under Spanish control. It became an independent country in 1821. Peru is a country full of history, culture, and natural beauty. Its different landscapes, people and ecosystems make it a unique place in the world. 1．What can we learn about the Andes Mountains from Paragraph 2? A．They are 80 kilometers long. B．Mostpeaksare6,768metershigh. C．They connect Peru from north to south. D．Only the highest peak can be seen from beaches. 2．How much of Peru is covered by the Amazon rainforest? A．25%—30%. B．45%—49%. C．55%—60%. D．75%—80%. 3．Which part of Peru is described the most in the passage? A．People. B．Traditions. C．History. D．Ecosystems. 4．Where does the passage most probably come from? A．A storybook. B．A news report. C．A travel magazine. D．A history textbook. 5．What would be the best structure of the passage? A．B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了秘鲁的地理、生态系统、人口及其丰富的历史，展现了其自然与人文的独特魅力。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The Andes Mountains run through Peru from north to south.”可知，其连接秘鲁的南北两端。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The Amazon rainforest covers nearly half of Peru.”可知，亚马逊雨林覆盖秘鲁近一半国土。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据全文中篇幅最长的第三段可知，其详细介绍了亚马逊雨林、海岸鱼类、安第斯山脉特有动植物及生态保护措施，覆盖雨林面积、物种多样性、保护区设置等多角度内容，对秘鲁的生态系统进行了最为充分的描述。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据本文介绍了秘鲁的地理、生态系统、人口及其丰富的历史可知，此类文章常见于旅游杂志。故选C。 5．篇章结构题。根据全文内容可知，本文的第一段介绍了总体概况，第二段介绍了自然景观，第三段介绍了生态系统，第四段介绍了文化，第五段介绍了历史，第六段进行了总结。故选A。 Passage16 （2025·江西南昌·一模）Reading is more than just a fun activity—it can actually change the way your brain works. Studies show that reading can improve your brain’s health, make you feel better, and even help you focus. Let’s take a look at how reading can have a good influence on your brain. Your brain works hard when you read. It has to understand the words, think about their meaning, and imagine the story. This helps your brain get stronger and improves skills like memory, problem-solving, and thinking. Scientists believe that reading regularly is helpful, because it can protect your brain from getting weaker as you grow older, keeping it sharp for a long time. Reading can help you feel less stressed. In one study, it was found that reading can reduce (减轻) stress by up to 68%. When you read a book, you focus on the story, which helps take your mind off your worries. This is similar to how activities like listening to music or doing yoga can make you feel relaxed. Reading stories can help you understand how other people feel. When you read about characters in different situations, your brain learns to feel what they are feeling. This makes you more understanding—able to understand other people’s feelings. Studies show that people who read stories are better at connecting with others and understanding their feelings. When you read, your brain produces chemicals (化学物质) that make you feel good. For example, dopamine (多巴胺) is produced when something exciting happens in the story. Serotonin and oxytocin helps improve your mood (情绪) . These chemicals make you feel happy and relaxed. Reading is not only enjoyable——it is also good for your brain and mood. It can make your brain stronger, reduce stress, and even help you understand others better. So next time you read, remember: you are changing your brain chemistry for the better! 1．What does the underlined word “sharp” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Busy. B．Slow. C．Active. D．Silent. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Reading allows people to focus better. B．Reading can help reduce people’s stress. C．Reading is more popular than doing yoga. D．Reading makes people remember their problems. 3．When does your brain produce dopamine? A．When you finish a difficult book. B．When you feel stressed and need to relax. C．When you read something exciting in a story. D．When you try to understand people’s feelings. 4．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To compare reading with other relaxing activities. B．To show the history of brain research about reading. C．To encourage students to read more books for exams. D．To explain how reading improves the brain and mood. 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Reading Changes Your Brain. B．How to Choose a Good Book. C．Reading: A Fun Way to Relax. D．The History of Human Reading. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了阅读不仅仅是一项有趣的活动，它实际上可以改变你的大脑运作的方式。研究表明，阅读可以改善你的大脑健康，让你感觉更好，甚至帮助你集中注意力。 1．推理判断题。根据“Scientists believe that reading regularly is helpful, because it can protect your brain from getting weaker as you grow older, keeping it sharp for a long time.”，可知，定期阅读可以保持大脑活跃很长一段时间。故“sharp”意为“活跃的”，故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据“Reading can help you feel less stressed. In one study, it was found that reading can reduce stress by up to 68%.”可知，阅读可以帮助减轻人们的压力，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“When you read, your brain produces chemicals that make you feel good. For example, dopamine is produced when something exciting happens in the story.”可知，当你读到一个故事中令人兴奋的事情时，你的大脑会产生多巴胺，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Studies show that reading can improve your brain’s health, make you feel better, and even help you focus. Let’s take a look at how reading can have a good influence on your brain.”可知，作者是为了解释阅读如何改善大脑和情绪，故选D。 5．最佳标题题。根据第一段第四行“Reading is more than just a fun activity—it can actually change the way your brain works.”可知，本文主要介绍了阅读对大脑的改变，故选A。 Passage17 （2025·山东济南·一模）Imagine you’re walking across endless hills, with warm sunshine and the sound of birds all around. This peaceful scene is an uncommon one in the modern world. Our natural soundscapes (声音环境) are falling silent as bird populations decrease. Our study explores the link between birdsong and people, specifically on English vineyards (葡萄园). We surveyed bird communities on 21 vineyards and our results showed that vineyards with more kinds of birds had louder and more complex (复杂的) soundscapes. But does the silencing of our soundscapes matter to us? The short answer is yes. There is growing evidence about the health benefits of spending time in nature, including reducing risks of heart disease and anxiety. So as part of our research, we explored the experience of 186 wine-tour participants across three vineyards with different soundscapes. We also improved some vineyard soundscapes with hidden speakers, which played the songs of five additional bird species (物种). This was designed to see how participants’ contact with nature would be affected by increasing the kinds of birds and songs. The results were fascinating. Visitors who experienced louder and more complex sounds—whether on vineyards with naturally richer soundscapes or on those we had improved—reported enjoying the sounds more. They felt more connected to nature and more satisfied with their tour. With richer soundscapes, they felt more mindful and positive during the tours. Our study shows the direct effect that birdsong has on our happiness and presents a strong argument for protecting natural soundscapes. So, we hope businesses and people will be inspired to invest (投资) in protection and promote connection with nature. 1．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To show opinions. B．To please readers. C．To introduce the topic. D．To explain the causes. 2．What vineyards had louder and more complex soundscapes? A．With warm sunshine. B．With endless hills. C．With more bird species. D．With more tourists. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The process of the research. B．The background of the research. C．The findings of the research. D．The importance of the research. 4．Which of the following best describes the underlined word “mindful”? A．Worried about future problems. B．Paying attention to the present moment. C．Interested in making money. D．Tired from walking too far. 5．What do the findings of the study suggest? A．Doing deeper research. B．Building better businesses. C．Looking for greater happiness. D．Connecting more with nature. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨鸟类声音环境对人类幸福感的影响，并通过葡萄园实验研究证实了鸟类多样性对自然声景的积极影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Imagine you’re walking…soundscapes are falling silent as bird populations decrease.”可知，该段通过描绘场景引出鸟类减少导致自然声音环境消失的话题。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“vineyards with more kinds of birds had louder and more complex (复杂的) soundscapes.”可知，鸟类种类越多的葡萄园，声音就越响亮、越复杂。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。阅读第四段，根据“we explored the experience...of birds and songs.”可知，本段主要聚焦研究过程。故选A。 4．词句猜测题。根据第五段“With richer soundscapes, they felt more mindful and positive during the tours.”可知，有了更丰富的音效，他们在参观过程中感觉更加专注和积极。mindful指专注于当下体验的状态，故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段“So, we hope businesses and people will be inspired to invest (投资) in protection and promote connection with nature.”可知，我们希望企业和人们能够在保护和促进与自然的联系方面进行投资。故选D。 Passage18 （2025·山东济南·一模）Laughter, in response to funny events, may seem simple, but it actually takes a lot of work, because it activates (激活) many areas of the brain that control movement, feelings, and how we get along with others. Scientists now realize laughter’s power to improve physical and mental well-being. People begin laughing when they are babies, which helps build strength in muscles (肌肉) and upper body. Laughter is not just about breathing. It depends on many ways that facial muscles work together, often including the eyes, head, and shoulders. By activating the neural paths that bring feelings like joy, laughter can make you feel happier and less stressed. A good sense of humor and the laughter that comes with it need some ability to understand other people and remember things. Humor and laughter often come from seeing something special in a situation first. You need to mentally solve the unusual behavior or event. Or you won’t laugh. You might just feel strange instead. Trying to understand the intentions of others and thinking from their point of view can make your laughter and amusement even stronger. To get a joke or a funny situation, you need to see the funny side of things and believe there could be other meanings besides the obvious one. Laughter helps us connect with other people. The language expert Don Nilsen points out that laughs seldom happen when alone, supporting their strong social role. For example, public speakers and comedians (喜剧演员) try to get a laugh to create closeness with the audiences. By practicing a little laughter each day, you can improve social skills that may not come naturally to you. When you laugh in response to humor, you share your feelings with others and learn from the risks that your response will be accepted by others and not be refused. Laughter also produces positive (积极的) feelings, like amusement, happiness and joy. These feelings help us recover from problems and think more creatively. They make us feel better about life and more satisfied. Scientists have found that these positive feelings experienced with humor and laughter are related to understanding the meaning of life. 1．What is the first step to laugh according to the text? A．Being very smart. B．Noticing something unusual. C．Being positive to life. D．Thinking in the speaker’s way. 2．What does the underlined word “intentions” mean in paragraph 3? A．Purpose. B．Choice. C．Attention. D．Request. 3．Why do comedians try to make listeners laugh? A．To show they are clever. B．To make listeners feel closer to them. C．To show their speaking style. D．To make the performance more challenging. 4．What are “positive feelings from laughter” connected with? A．Solving muscle trouble. B．Stopping positive feelings. C．Avoiding social activities. D．Understanding life’s meaning. 5．Why does the writer write the text? A．To talk about why we laugh. B．To teach readers to practice laughter. C．To show the good influences of laughter. D．To explain the social importance of laughter. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文阐述了笑对身心健康的多重益处，包括激活大脑、增强社交联系、产生积极情绪，并强调理解幽默和他人意图对引发笑声的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据“Humor and laughter often come from seeing something special in a situation first.”可知，幽默和笑通常源于首先注意到情境中的特殊之处。因此，笑的第一步是发现不寻常的事物。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Trying to understand the intentions of others and thinking from their point of view can make your laughter and amusement even stronger.”可知，尝试从他人的角度去理解别人的意图可以增强幽默感。因此intentions意为“意图”，与purpose近义。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“For example, public speakers and comedians (喜剧演员) try to get a laugh to create closeness with the audiences.”可知，喜剧演员通过引发笑声来拉近与观众的距离。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Scientists have found that these positive feelings experienced with humor and laughter are related to understanding the meaning of life.”可知，积极情绪与理解生命意义有关。故选D。 5．推理判断题。全文从生理、心理、社交等方面阐述了笑的多重益处，如激活大脑、缓解压力、促进社交、提升幸福感等，核心目的是说明笑的良好影响。故选C。 Passage19 （2025·河南郑州·一模）Lenses (镜片) are useful tools that help us see things more clearly. They are widely used in our daily lives. They can help us read small words in books and take clear photos. They are also used to help people who have trouble seeing things clearly, like those who can’t see far away or those who can’t see things up close. There are many kinds of lenses, but today we will talk about convex and concave lenses. Imagine you’re using a magnifying glass (放大镜) to read small words in a book. What happens when you move the glass closer to the words? The letters get bigger, right? That’s the power of a convex lens. Convex lenses are thicker in the middle and thinner at the sides. When light passes through a convex lens, it is brought together at a single point called the focus. This is why magnifying glasses, camera lenses, and even the lenses for some old people use convex lenses to see more clearly. Different from convex lenses, concave lenses are thinner in the middle and thicker at the sides. When light passes through concave lenses, it spreads out. You can find concave lenses in your daily life. For example, if you are nearsighted (近视的), your glasses probably have concave lenses. You are nearsighted because the light entering your eyes does not focus exactly on the retina (视网膜). When you wear glasses with concave lenses, the light spreads out first and then enters the eyes, allowing it to focus correctly on the retina. In this way, you can see things clearly. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．How lenses work. B．What lenses look like. C．What lenses are used for. D．How many kinds of lenses there are. 2．Which of the following have convex lenses according to the text? a. Cameras.    b. Mirrors.    c. Magnifying glasses.    d. Nearsighted glasses. A．a, c B．a, d C．b, c D．b, d 3．How does the concave lens work? A． B． C． D． 4．How does the writer mainly organize the text in the last paragraph? A．Facts→Opinions. B．Descriptions→Examples. C．Causes→Effects. D．Problems→Solutions. 5．What is the purpose of the text? A．To express feelings of using different lenses. B．To give advice on how to learn physics well. C．To offer information about science in daily life. D．To encourage students to use more modern tools. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】 本文介绍了凸透镜和凹透镜的特点及其在日常生活中的应用。 1．段落大意题。第一段主要介绍了镜片的用途，包括帮助阅读、拍照和矫正视力等。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“This is why magnifying glasses, camera lenses, and even the lenses for some old people use convex lenses to see more clearly.”可知，相机和放大镜使用凸透镜。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“When you wear glasses with concave lenses, the light spreads out first and then enters the eyes, allowing it to focus correctly on the retina.”（当你佩戴凹透镜眼镜时，光线先扩散，然后进入眼睛，使其正确聚焦在视网膜上。）可推知，凹透镜的工作原理是“光线先扩散，然后聚焦”。故选D。 4．细节理解题。最后一段先描述了凹透镜的特点，然后通过近视眼镜的例子说明其应用，因此结构是“描述→举例”。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。本文通过介绍凸透镜和凹透镜的特点及其应用，旨在提供日常生活中与科学相关的信息。故选C。 Passage20 （2025·重庆·一模） ①Cloisonne, or jingtailan in Chinese, is a special way of creating designs on metal. Lan means “blue” in Chinese, and jingtailan pieces often have a beautiful dark blue as the main color. ②Usually, making cloisonne needs many steps—creating a metal base, using metal strips (条) to create a design, filling the spaces with colored powders (粉末), and then firing. Each step needs cloisonne makers to be very careful and creative. ③Cloisonne appeared in China in the late 13th century. It became popular during the time of Emperor Jingtai in the Ming Dynasty. This gave its name of jingtailan. In 2006, cloisonne making was added to China’s national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) list. ④Here is a story about two cloisonne masters. Several years ago, Li Jinglong and Guan Dian visited the Palace Museum in Beijing. There, they fell in love with cloisonne handcrafts (手工艺品). After that, they decided to open a workshop to let more people know about Chinese-style cloisonne. This led them to start Handcraft Addicted. People can make their own cloisonne pieces there. Since 2018, they have opened three workshops in Beijing. ⑤The whole process of making cloisonne is very hard, but Li and Guan made it easier. People only need to bend (把……弄弯) thin metal wires (金属丝) into shapes they like and use colored powders to fill the spaces. ⑥Chang Yunqi has been going to Handcraft Addicted in her free time for about five years. “The thin metal wires look like the pencil lines I draw on canvas (画布). It is challenging but also interesting,” she said. ⑦Li and Guan enjoy teaching people how to make traditional cloisonne. “We have many guests like Chang who come to our workshop weekly, not only to create art but also to get away from their busy lives,” said Li. ⑧As more and more people learn about this ancient craft, jingtailan has been a symbol of Chinese cultural heritage. Jingtailan workshops and shows held around the world serve as a bridge, connecting people from different countries. 1．What does the writer think of the cloisonne makers? A．Colorful and thankful. B．Easy but busy. C．Creative and careful. D．Challenging but interesting. 2．What does the underlined word “they” refer to? A．Li Jinglong and Guan Dian. B．Chinese-style cloisonne pieces. C．The masters from the Palace Museum. D．The people making cloisonne pieces. 3．How do Li Jinglong and Guan Dian tell they like teaching people to make cloisonne? A．By telling a story about Chang Yungi in their workshop. B．By showing the steps for making cloisonne handcrafts. C．By giving an example of a guest’s coming to the workshop. D．By describing what the guests in the workshop look like. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】文章介绍了景泰蓝的历史、制作过程及其文化意义，并讲述了两位大师推广景泰蓝的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“Each step needs cloisonne makers to be very careful and creative.”可知，作者认为景泰蓝工匠非常细心和有创意。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Several years ago, Li Jinglong and Guan Dian visited the Palace Museum in Beijing. ... Since 2018, they have opened three workshops in Beijing.”可知，they指代的是Li Jinglong和Guan Dian。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Li and Guan enjoy teaching people how to make traditional cloisonne. ‘We have many guests like Chang who come to our workshop weekly, not only to create art but also to get away from their busy lives,’ said Li.”可知，文中第七段以Chang Yunqi为例，说明许多客人每周来学习制作景泰蓝，从而体现两位大师喜欢教别人做景泰蓝。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。本文第①段介绍了景泰蓝的含义，第②段介绍制作景泰蓝的过程，第③段介绍了景泰蓝的历史与传承；第④⑤段介绍了景泰蓝大师的故事及景泰蓝制作过程的简化，第⑥⑦段介绍Li Jinglong和Guan Dian教授Chang Yunqi制作景泰蓝；最后⑧段总结其文化意义，结构对应D选项。故选D。 试卷第2页，共11页 试卷第1页，共11页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$