Unit 6 welcome-reading 知识点2024-2025学年译林版（2024）英语七年级下册

同步知识梳理

知识点1：Oceans cover about 71 percent of the earth’s surface.

Mountains are high, and they are usually covered with rocks and earth.（P69）

用法解析：

（1）cover

v. 意为覆盖，遮盖；占 (一片面积)

cover an area of... 占...的面积；  cover... with ... 用...覆盖...；  be covered with... 被...所覆盖

Many people in the street have to cover their faces with scarves.

街上的许多人不得不用围巾遮住脸。

Everything is covered in deep white snow. 一切都被厚厚的白雪覆盖着。

cover的其他常见含义及用法：

（2）ocean

n. 海洋；和专有名词构成海洋的名称时，首字母大写，且其前要加定冠词the。

the Pacific Ocean太平洋  the Atlantic Ocean大西洋

the Indian Ocean印度洋   the Arctic Ocean北冰洋

（3）rock

n.岩石 n.摇滚乐

It was standing on a rock. 它被搁在了一块岩石之上。

I think that rock music is terrible. 我认为摇滚乐是糟糕的。

on the rocks    处于困境中

He lost his job and is now on the rocks. 他失去了工作，现在正处于困境中。

（4）surface

n. 地面；表面 on the surface在表面      the surface of… ……的表面

He is only honest on the surface. 他只是表面诚实而已。

The surface of the water is as smooth as a mirror. 水平如镜。

【例题】

1. —Why does the earth look blue in space?

—Because most of the earth's surface             with water.

A.covers　　　  B.is covered       C.cover　　　　　 D.are covered

2. Shijiu Lake ______ an area of over 200 square kilometres. It is a nice place to go birdwatching.
   A. takes        B. runs        C. covers        D. carries

3. ________(一夜之间)our community is ________(覆盖)with white. Children have a good time playing with snow.

4. Hawaii is a group of islands (岛屿) in the centre of the ______ (海洋).

答案：BC  Overnight  covered，ocean

知识点2：Rivers carry water from high ground down to lakes or the sea.（P69）

用法解析：

ground

n. 地面，可数名词，其复数形式为grounds

He fell and hurt his knee on the ground. 他摔倒了，膝盖磕在地上受伤了。

v. 使着陆、为...提供论据

The plane grounded safely after a long flight.飞机经过长时间的飞行后安全着陆了。

He grounded his argument on scientific research.他以科学研究为基础提出了自己的论点。

【常见搭配】 on the ground在现场、在实际中   from the ground up从基础开始

We need to get more information on the ground. 我们需要获取更多现场的信息。

I live on the ground floor. 我住在一楼。

He built his business from the ground up. 他从零开始建立了自己的事业。

注意：在英国ground floor为第一层，first floor为第二层；

在美国first floor为第一层，second floor为第二层。

【例题】

1. When autumn comes, the ______ (地面) is covered with colorful fallen leaves, making a beautiful scene.
2. The exhibition hall on the ______ ______ (底层) attracts a lot of visitors every day.

答案：ground，ground floor

知识点3：Plains are open and flat. They cover over one-third of the world's land area. （P69）

用法解析：

（1）plain

n.平原

The wind whipped across the plain.大风扫过平原。

adj. “清晰的、朴素的、平凡的、坦率的”

The answer is plain as day. 答案一目了然。

This is a plain white shirt. 这是一件朴素的白衬衫。

Please explain the sentence in plain English. 请用简单的语言解释这个句子。

Make yourself plain.把话说清楚。

【常见搭配】in plain sight显而易见        It is plain that 从句  很明显...

Some are apparently hiding in plain sight. 一些报道显然是在自圆其说。

It is plain that he is not going to agree. 很明显他不会同意。

（2）flat 

adj.平坦的，平的 

The table has a flat surface. 这张桌子有一个平坦的表面。

n. 译为“公寓”

I live in a flat in London. 我住在伦敦的一套公寓里。

adv. 水平地

He lay flat on the ground. 他平躺在地上。

【常见搭配】flat out全速、尽全力  flat share合租公寓   flat as a pancake非常平坦

I was running flat out to catch the bus. 我全力以赴地跑去赶公交车。

I live in a flat share with three other students. 我和另外三个学生共同租住一套公寓。

The road is flat as a pancake from here to the next town. 从这里到下一个城镇的路非常平坦。

（3）land 

n. 陆地，土地（不可数）；国家，地区（可数）  on land在陆地上    by land走陆路 

90% of the land is cultivated.90%的土地已耕种。

v. 着陆，降落；到达；获得。land on 着陆    反义短语：take off 起飞

The plane landed safely.飞机安全着陆。

（4）英语中的分数表达法：

由基数词和序数词构成：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子超过“1”时，分母用复数。

one-third三分之一   two thirds=2/3    three fifths=3/5

【例题】

1. —My hometown is on a _________, with simple houses and open and flat spaces.
 —Oh, that sounds peaceful!
A. valley        B. plain      C. mountain        D. desert

2. According to the survey, one-third of the elders        to build more parks.

A.agree         B.agrees         C.agreeing       D.to agree

3. Come on! ________ of the work is done. We can all have a rest when we finish it.
A. Two three        B. Two third       C. Two-third        D. Two-thirds

4. One-third of the students        (be) good at playing basketball.

5. We sit on the ______ (平坦的) grassland and enjoy the delicious food.

6. The spacecraft                   (着陆) on the moon in a few days.

答案：BAD  are，flat，will land

知识点4：It rises in the mountains of Qinghai Province and runs all the way to the East China Sea.  （P69）

用法解析：

rise

v. 意为“(河流)发源，起源”

v. 意为“(数字、 数量、价值)增加；升高，上升”

The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。‌

【辨析】raise & rise

【例题】

1. Look! The flag is      (rise).

2. The temperature (气温)        ( rise) in spring.

3. The house price keeps         (rise) all the time.

4.Which mountain        (rise) the earliest, Mount Tai, Mount Huang or Mount Tianzi?

5. Please tell me how      (喂养，养育) these birds.

6. The soldiers       (使……升起) the national Chinese flag every day.

答案：rising  rises  rising  rises   to raise   raise

知识点5：My water is fresh water, so everybody can drink it and use it for farming and washing.（P70）

用法解析：

（1）fresh

adj.（水）淡的，无盐的；新鲜的；新颖的，独创的；精力充沛的；刚来的；

Fresh water is more important than anything else.淡水比其他任何东西都重要。

We should eat more fresh vegetables and fruit. They' re good for our health.

我们应该多吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果。它们对我们的健康有益.

Regular exercise will help you feel fresh. 经常锻炼会使你感觉精力充沛。

（2）farming

n. 耕种,务农  

farm v. 务农; 种田   farmer n.农民

You don't know the first thing about farming. 你对耕种一无所知。

（3）use sth for doing用于...

use sth to do用某物做某事= do sth with sth

Fishermen use nets for catching fish. 渔民们用渔网捕鱼。

【例题】

1. —Morning, Johnson! Juice or coffee?

—Coffee, please. It can get me          and ready to start my day.

A.busy　　　　  B.lazy　　　　  C.clean　　　　  D.fresh

2. The river is a big part of the farmers’ life here. They use it _______ watering the crops (庄稼).
   A. for         B. of        C. with          D. about
3. My grandpa loves             (farm). He grows lots of vegetables in his garden every summer.
4. -我们可以用海水来耕种吗？-恐怕不行。

-Can we                                                   ?-I'm afraid not.

答案：DA  farming，use sea water for farming