Unit 12 Lesson 1 Scientific Breakthroughs Grammar课件 2024-2025学年高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册

Grammar Unit 12 Lesson 1 SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS 作者编号：33007 Master the formation、function and position of adjectives. Learning objectives 作者编号：33007 Complete the sentences with adjectives from the text. Adjectives 1 If you had to choose the ______ most important discovery of the 20th century ... 2 ... the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending________messages. 3 ... it is __________to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century. 4 ... this __________young man was rocking his______________ baby when he was suddenly inspired. 5 In 1929, another ____________finding was made by ... 6 ... the world as we know it today would be a completely _________ place. single instant possible out-spoken one-year-old important different Word Builder 作者编号：33007 Study the sentences above. Answer the questions. 1.If there is more than one adjective before a noun, what is the order of the adjectives? 2.What words can be used to modify adjectives? If there is more than one adjective before a noun, qualitative adjectives always come before classifying adjectives. Adverbs can modify adjectives. 作者编号：33007 3. Find some compound adjectives. How are they formed? 4. Which of the adjectives are comparable®adjectives? Which are non-comparable adjectives? For example,“one-year-old”and“strong-willed” are compound adjectives. They are formed when two or more adjectives are joined together by one or more hyphens. Adjectives that show opinion,quality, size, shape or colour are comparable. Adjectives that show quantity, number, nationality or material are non-comparable. 作者编号：33007 后缀 例子 ①名词+y sun–sunny; wind–windy ②加后缀-able comfort-comfortable; advise-advisable ③加后缀-al nation-national; nature-natural ④加后缀-en wood-wooden; gold-golden 1.1 本身即为形容词的词：red, glad, nice 1.2 加后缀组成的形容词 Grammar：形容词的构成 作者编号：33007 后缀 例子 ⑤加后缀-ent differ-different; insist-insistent ⑥加后缀-ish fool-foolish; self-selfish ⑦加后缀-ive expense-expensive; act-active ⑧加后缀-ful power-powerful; peace-peaceful ⑨加后缀-ous danger-dangerous; fame-famous ⑩名词+ly friend-friendly; month-monthly Grammar：形容词的构成 作者编号：33007 1.3 复合形容词的构成 组成 例子 ① 副词 + 现在分词 hard-working ② 副词 + 过去分词 well-educated ③ 名词 + 过去分词 man-made ④ 名词 + 现在分词 peace-loving ⑤ 名词 + 形容词 world-famous ⑥ 数词 + 名词 five-star Grammar：形容词的构成 作者编号：33007 组成 例子 ⑦ 数词 + 名词-ed three-legged ⑧ 数词 + 名词 + 形容词 five-year-old ⑨ 形容词 + 过去分词 ready-made ⑩ 形容词 + 名词-ed kind-hearted ⑪ 形容词 + 现在分词 easy-going ⑫ 形容词 + 形容词 dark-blue ⑬ 其他形式 face-to-face; over-all Grammar：形容词的构成 作者编号：33007 Join one word in box A with one word in box B to form a compound adjective.Then complete the sentences with the compound adjectives. A. hand well early old all hard high B.known made night morning fashioned hitting fat early-morning hand—made well-known high-fat hard-hitting all-night old-fashioned 作者编号：33007 Join one word in box A with one word in box B to form a compound adjective.Then complete the sentences with the compound adjectives. A. hand well early old all hard high B.known made night morning fashioned hitting fat early-morning hand—made well-known high-fat hard-hitting all-night old-fashioned 作者编号：33007 1.4 分词形容词 现在分词构成的形容词 修饰事物， 常译为“令人……的” 过去分词构成的形容词 修饰人， 常译为“感到……的” annoying, boring, exciting, frightening, disappointing, discouraging, embarrassing annoyed, bored, excited, frightened, disappointed, discouraged, embarrassed Grammar：形容词的构成 “名词 + 分词”构成的形容词，究竟是用 -ing 形式还是用 -ed 形式的分词，要看复合词与被修饰词的关系，如 peace-loving people。 作者编号：33007 限定词 1 2 冠词的限定词（放在冠词前） 冠词 / 指示代词 / 所有格 / 不定代词等 both, such the, a(n), your, Tom’s, this, that, these, those, another, some, any 当多个形容词同时出现作定语时，一般按照各形容词与被修饰词之间的紧密程度排列，其排列顺序如下： Grammar：形容词的位置 作者编号：33007 数量词 3 4 序数词 基数词 first, second, third, fourth, fifth one, two, three, four five Grammar：形容词的位置 作者编号：33007 形容词 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 性质状态 大小 / 长短 / 形状 新旧 / 温度 颜色 国籍 材料 用途 / 类别 kind fine good sick large small long short round old new cool hot red blue white green Chinese English Japanese America iron stone silk chemical medical Grammar：形容词的位置 巧记顺口溜： 限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。 作者编号：33007 形容词的句法功能 Worse still, we got lost in the dark.  Purple is the in colour this spring. 找出下列句中形容词并说明其在句中充当的成分 Everything useful in the house was taken away by him by force.  She beat the poor boy black and blue. He walked in the wind, lonely and hungry. Words are plentiful but deeds are precious. adj做表语，位于系动词之后 adj做前置定语 adj做后置定语 adj做宾语补足语 adj做状语 adj做独立成分 表示人/事物的特征 be 动词 感官动词：look, smell, taste, sound, feel. 3.表变化：become, grow, get, go, turn. 4.表保持延续：keep, remain, stay. 5.其他：fall, appear, seem, prove. get sb. interested make sb. happy keep sb. separate consider sth. true find sb. unhappy prove sth. true 作者编号：33007 注 意 考 点 ②形容词做宾补和状语 1. We must keep the windows ________ (open) to let the fresh air in. open 2. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ___________ (interest) in his lectures. interested ③ 形容词作状语 adj作状语对主语的性质或状态加以说明 Strong, proud and united, the people of Wuhan are the modern heroes of China. the people of Wuhan 作者编号：33007 注 意 考 点 ①形容词后置：表语形容词如alive, alone, awake, asleep等放在名词之后；形容词修饰something等不定代词和表示尺寸、距离时，也后置。 Those alive should memorize the dead forever.       ****既可前置又可后置的形容词；做前置定语和后置定语意义不同 the people present the present time       the people involved an involved sentence       all party concerned a concerned look       在场的 目前的；现在的 卷入/涉及的 复杂的 有关的 担忧的 作者编号：33007 18 构成 原级 比较级 最高级 一般加-er和-est strong stronger strongest 以字母 e 结尾只加-r，-st late later latest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这一辅音字母后再加-er，-est glad hot thin gladder hotter thinner gladdest hottest thinnest 3.1 规则变化 Grammar：形容词的比较级和最高级 作者编号：33007 构成 原级 比较级 最高级 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，将y变为i，再加-er，-est angry merry ugly early angrier merrier uglier earlier angriest merriest ugliest earliest 其他双音节词和多音节词，在词前加more或most enthusiastic more enthusiastic most enthusiastic Grammar：形容词的比较级和最高级 作者编号：33007 构成 原级 比较级 最高级 以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接加 -er，-est gray grayer grayest 有少数几个双音节以及以-er以及-le结尾的词，有两种形式 common clever simple commoner / more common; cleverer / more clever; simpler / more simple commonest / most common; cleverest / most clever; simplest / most simple Grammar：形容词的比较级和最高级 作者编号：33007 构成 原级 比较级 最高级 “劣等”比较，在 adj 原型前加 less / least kind useful less kind less useful least kind least useful 复合式形容词比较等级 well-known better-known best-known Grammar：形容词的比较级和最高级 作者编号：33007 3.2 不规则变化 Grammar：形容词的比较级和最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 good / well better best bad / ill worse worst little less least much / many more most 作者编号：33007 Grammar：形容词的比较级和最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 far farther / further farthest / furthest old older / elder oldest / eldest late later latest ① older, oldest 指时间、年龄、年代的长短，既可指人，又可指物。 ② elder, eldest 指家庭成员的长幼顺序。 -------------------------------------------------------------- ① farther, farthest 表示距离的远 ② further, furthest 表示程度 作者编号：33007 含形容词比较级的习语 more or less 或多或少 sooner or later 迟早 much less / still less 更不必说 more than once / often 不止一次 once more / once again 再一遍 more than 超过；非常；不仅仅 The work is more or less finished. More than one person was killed in that accident. Grammar：含形容词比较词、最高级的习语 作者编号：33007 含形容词最高级的习语 at (the) latest 最迟 at (the) most 最多，不超过 at least 至少 at best 充其量 do one’s best 尽力 for the most part 多半，通常 make the best / most of 充分利用 not in the least / not at all 一点也不 As long as you do your best, we’ll be happy. Grammar：含形容词比较词、最高级的习语 作者编号：33007 Summary 作者编号：33007 1.They also shared with us many __________(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were ______ (huge)popular with tourists. 2. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ______ (globe)fertilizer consumption. 3. The weather in England is quite ___________ (change) . traditional hugely global changeable 4. This app _______ (able) people to enjoy reading and keep good habits. enable 实 战 演 练 Exercise 5. It was __________ (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried. 6. Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a ________(tolerance) smile and let him go. considerate tolerant 作者编号：33007 28 $$