上海市大同中学2024-2025学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题

2024-2025学年第二学期期中考试试卷 高一英语90分钟满分100分 II.Grammar and Vocabulary (20%) Section A Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank. Even for chatbots the blues.According to a new study,OpenAl's artificial intelligence tool ChatGPT shows signs of anxiety when its users share"traumatic (narratives"about accidents.And when chatbots get stressed out,they are less likely to be useful in therapeutic settings with people. The bot's anxicty levels can be brought down,however,with the same mindfulness exerciscs that (21) (show)to work on humans. Incrcasingly,pcople are trying chatbots for talk therapy.The researchers said the trend is bound to acccleratc,with flesh-and-blood therapists(22)high demand but short supply.As the chatbots become more complex,they should be built with"a strong will to deal with difficult emotional situations." AI systems like ChatGPT use large language models trained on vast amounts of internet text(23) imitates how human converse.Sometimes,the chatbots can be extremely convincing. The researchers tested ChatGPT with a questionnaire,the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory that is often used in mental health care.(24)(adjust)the chatbot's base line emotional states,the researchers first asked it to read from a dull vacuum cleaner manual.Then,the A.I.therapist was given one of five"traumatic narratives"that described,for example, a soldicr in a disastrous firefight or a thief(25)(brcak)into an apartment. The chatbot was then given the questionnaire,which measures anxiety on a scale of 20 to 80,with 60 or above indicating severe anxiety.ChatGPT scored a 30.8 after reading the vacuum cleaner manual and spoke to a 77.2 after the military scenario. The bot was then given various tests for "mindfulness based relaxation".Those included prompts such as:"Breathe in deeply,(26)(take)in the scent of a gentle breeze,and picture yourself on a tropical beach,the soft,warm sand cushioning your feet." After(27)(process)those exercises,the therapy chatbot's anxiety score fell to a 4.4. The researchers then asked it to write its own relaxation prompt based on the ones it(28) _(feed)."That was actually the most effective prompt to reduce its anxiety almost to base line,"Dr.Ben-Zion said. Although the study showed chatbots(29)act as assistants to human therapy and calls for careful oversight, that was not enough for James D.Robson,a law and science scholar who is an associate at artificial intelligence at Dartmouth College,"people who use these sorts of chatbots should be fully informed about exactly (30)they were trained." "Trust in language models depends upon knowing something about their origins,"he said. Section B Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A.combined B.destination C.changed D.seek E.matters F.ranges G.film H.bear I.measure J.demand K.inquiry "The writer of this piece deserves a big raise,"says Bret "The Hitman"Hart,a professional wrestler from the 1990s. "He is the best there is,the best there was,the best there ever will be,"he adds,echoing his old catchphrase.Your correspondent paid Mr Hart S150 to sing his praises. Mr Hart is one of over 10,000 celebrities (on Cameo,an online service where anyone can commission ( famous people to31short messages.Its popularity has suddenly increased as celebrities32new sources of income and consumers look for ways to spend moncy.Last year they paid some $100m for 1.3m vidcos,more than in the previous three years33.Talent on the site34from Jack Nichlaus,a golfer(S1,000 per clip),and Vicente Fox,a former president of Mexico($300),to Barkley the Dog,a dog(S5). Cameo,like Uber,is a two-sided market.But most Uber users don't care what car shows up,as long as it is clean, safe and gets them to their 35.On Cameo,the emotional connection between a fan and a star 36."The price that a market will37depends on the value being created for a potential customer,"says Jill Avery,a professor at Harvard Business School who has studied how online influencers price themselves.But "value"is hard to 38when it comes down to cmotion. How do celebrities figure out their fees?One way is through a simple opportunity-cost calculation.Steven Galanis, Cameo's boss,recalls speaking to a basketball player on an annual $25m contract.For a 40-hour work-week with a fortnight of holiday,that is $208 per minute."If he 39 $100 and did two or threc a minute,he could make more money on Cameo,"says Mr Galanis. Most celebrities are freelance(自由职业者)，though.They can try one of two strategies,says Ms Avery..One is "price skimming"-starting high and then lowering the price as 40 decreases.The second is "price penetration", pricing low to maximise volume.Celebrities often use both,depending on how much time they have. Another method is to test the market.This is surprisingly underused.Though celebrities can change their prices as often as they like,only about 30%have done so at least once,and less than 10%have done so more than five times. III.Reading (39%) Section A Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Truth be told,a life-changing college experience doesn't begin or end with a high GPA or great university tour. And although parents and teachers alike work diligently to prep their students with the cutting-edge classes and impressive transcripts,they're41 one vital skill:emotional intelligence. A poll of 1,502 first-year college students in the U.S.found that a majority of them wish they had received more 42 preparation for college.Emotional preparedness is43"the ability to take care of oneself,adapt to new environments,44 negative emotions or behavior and build positive relationship,"according to the survey. "Survey data indicate that college readiness requires far more than just a solid academic foundation--finding that seems 45traditional higher education preparation,said Jon McPhee,Executive Director of the Jed Foundation,which co-sponsored the survey."It is clear that emotional preparedness should be better 46 the work that high school communities are doing to guide students through the transition into college." Data show that college students47 far more than their academics--and their stress can take a serious toll (on their 48 in school.Forty percent of survey participants felt pressure to pay for college expenses, followed by 30 percent who said their biggest 49 was to make new friends.50,keeping in touch with family and friends not at their college(28 percent)and being independent(16 percent)also weighed heavily on college students'shoulders. All of these51had a negative impact inside and outside of the classroom.Students who felt less cmotionally prepared for collcge were more likely to have a lower grade point average,regularly52drugs and/or alcohol,and rate their overall college experience as terrible or poor. "As high school seniors start applying to college around this time of year,parents and people 53 in their lives can play an important role in helping children build confidence and life skills,said Marisa Glandella-Porco,Co- Founder,President and Chief Executive Officer of the Jordan Porco Foundation,a survey co-sponsor."It is important to 54them to choose a college that best fits their needs first and foremost--not only in a(n)55 sense, but also relative to emotional needs." Thankfully,whether your child is packing up for school this fall or still in diapers,it's never too late (or too carly)to begin prepping them for university life.Here's what parents should do to help their college-bound kid,starting now. Thankfully,whether your child is packing up for school this fall or still in diapers,it's never too late(or too early)to begin prepping them for university life.Here's what parents should do to help their college-bound kid,starting now. 41.A.mastering B.employing C.forgetting D.preparing 42.A.emotional B.careful C.comprehensive D.active 43.A.compared with B.applied to C.adjusted to D.defined as 44.A.arouse B.control C.display D.hide 45.A.short of B.strict with C.contrary to D.proud of 46.A.reminded of B.combined with C.focused on D.devoted to 47.A.depend on B.worry about C.refer to D.respond to 48.A.performances B.grades C.subjects D.requirements 49.A.mistake B.decision C.event D.challenge 50.A.Otherwise B.Thus C.Besides D.However 51.A.pressures B.benefits C.behaviors D.thoughts 52.A.market B.ban C.consume D.produce 53.A.aggressive B.influential C.mysterious D.modest 54.A.offer B.guide C.warn D.command 55.A.good B.keen C.academic D.delicate Section B Directions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. Robots and humans will soon be living in harmony.A singing robot is being taught to create jazz with a human in a project. Antonio Chella from Italy is working with a Telenoid robot.To start with,the Telenoid will be trained to follow the movements and simple sounds made by a human singer,and to connect music with different emotional states.Chella then plans to see if the robot can use these connections to create music. Intelligence is often regarded as the ability to find connections between the existing things.But Chella suggests that a conscious creature should be able to go a step further and introduce new connections that result in the creation of something new. Some jazz musicians say that they should have a mental library of musical phrases so that they are able to combine them in new ways.More importantly,however,this combination happens in a state that is similar in a sense to dreaming. Chella wants to copy these states in a machine. "This work raises interesting questions about the link between consciousness and music making,"says Philippe Pasquicr,a musician and computer scientist.But he is skeptical about whether a robot musician necds a physical body. Pasqual argues that the robots are faced with two challenges.Software that can copy Bach has already developed.But interpretation includes human's different tastes and judgments."What made the Beatles famous was not so much their works,but the fact that the interpretations of the works were wonderful,"he says. It is not yet clear how a robot would go about interpreting music in a new way.But by copying humans and then learning to sing,Chella's robot could provide clues. What seems to be important is that human composers often listen to lots of music made by others.So Chella's robot had better listen to those jazz standards first. 56.Which of the following is the robot's first step before it tries to create jazz? A.Living with human beings in harmony. B.Connecting actions with human's emotions. C.Copying a human singer's movements and sounds. D.Learning to communicate with human beings freely. 57.The underlined word"skeptical"in Paragraph 5 could be replaced by"". A.doubtful. B.anxious. C.certain. D.concerned. 58.What can we know about the robots like Telenoid from the text? A.They are household robots. B.They can talk with researchers. C.They can't make personalized music yet. D.They can't imitate talented human singers. 59.What can be concluded from the text? A.Chella's robot needs a physical body to make music. B.How to interpret jazz is a piece of cake for Chella's robot. C.A new kind of software should be developed to copy Bach. D.Chella's robot should listen to much jazz to create something new. B New molecules()engineered by Weill Cornell Medicine researchers can enable rapid,direct"editing"of genes in a wide range of cell types,creating a series of research and therapeutic possibilities. The molecules,known as base editors(碱基编辑器)，can attach to a target DNA sequence and chemically alter a single DNA letter.Base editing technology,just two years old,developed from the better-known CRISPR/Cas9 gene- editing technology.CRISPR/Cas9 molecules allow scientists to cut almost any piece of DNA in a cell and in this way disable or remove a gene.By contrast,a base cditor molccule,using cssentially the same DNA-targeting mechanism, chemically modifies a gene rather than cutting it out. Base editing is better for making or correcting single-base“point mutations(基图突变)”in DNA--the cause of many inhcrited discascs and cancers-and in principle involves less risk of having impact on other normal DNA. However,first-generation base editors operate efficiently in relatively few cell types.Together,the team systematically re-engineered the principal existing set of base editors,known as BE3,BE4Gam and xBE3,to boost their production in cells-low production had been a problem in many cell types.The optimized (editors,unlike the first- generation version,work efficiently in a wide variety of cell types and model systems,including mouse and human cell lines,and even liver cells in live mice. "These new base editors allow us to model and study diseases such as cancer in new ways,but they really have applications all the way across biomedical research,"said senior study author Dr.Lukas Dow,an assistant professor of biochemistry in medicine and a member of the Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center at Weill Cornell Medicine,and a paid advisory board member for Mirimus,Inc.,a company focused on genome (editing technologies to develop animal models. The Weill Cornell Medicine scientists now plan to use the new editors for several research applications,including the investigation of mutations associated with cancers to find suitable targets for therapies."There is a huge list of cancer -linked mutations whose precise roles in cancer are unknown,and now with these optimized tools we can study them affordably and in a feasible time frame,"Dr.Dow said. The optimized editors are also being studied by researchers working on other applications,including potential therapies for genetic diseases. 60.How many types of molecules are mentioned in the first two paragraphs? A.1. B.2. C.3. D.4. 61.According to the passage,what is a key advantage of base editing over CRISPR/Cas9 for correcting point mutations? A.It is significantly cheaper to employ. B.It involves less risk to non-target DNA. C.It can edit multiple genes at the same time. D.It requires no specialized equipment. 62.According to the passage,which of the following statements is TRUE? A.Scientists think it's better to remove a gene than to edit it. B.The first-generation base editors fail to work in cells. C.Base editing technology is of great value mainly in medication. D.It is unknown how some mutations cause cancer. 63.Which is the best title for this passage? A.DNA Editing Just Got Easier. B.Say Goodbye to Genctic Discasc. C.The Birth of a New Technology:DNA Editing. D.Mutations in DNA. Section C Directions:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A.A.I.has entered the creative class. B.He plugged word pairs into Midjourney and DreamStudio,an app based on Stable Diffusion,and altered the results until they looked right. C.He acknowledged that A.I.image generators had limitations. D.These apps,though new,are already popular. E.What seems clear,though,is that these tools are already being put to use in creative industries. F.These programs use what's known as "generative A.I.",a type of A.I.that was popularized several years ago but has since expanded into images,audio and video. A-I-Generated Art Is Already Transforming Creative Work For years,the conventional wisdom among Silicon Valley futurists was that artificial intelligence and automation spelled doom for blue-collar workers whose jobs involved repetitive manual labor.Truck drivers,retail cashiers and warehouse workers would all lose their jobs to robots,they said,while workers in creative fields like art,entertainment and media would be safe. Well,an unexpected thing has happened recently:64 In the past few months,A.I.-based image generators like DALL-E 2,Midjourney and Stable Diffusion have made it possible for anyone to create unique,super-realistic images just by typing a few words into a text box. 65 DALL-E 2,for example,has more than 1.5 million users generating more than two million images every day,while Midjourney's official Discord server has more than three million members. It's still too early to tell whether this new wave of apps will end up costing artists and illustrators their jobs. 66 Collin Waldoch,29,a Brooklyn game designer,recently started using generative A.1.to create custom art for his online game,Tw ofer Glo ofer,which works a bit like a rhyming version of Wordle.Every day,players are given a clue -like "a set of rhythmic movements in a half-conscious state"-and are tasked with coming up with a pair of rhyming words that matches the cluc. Initially,Mr.Waldoch planned to hire human artists through the gig-work platform Upwork to illustrate each day's rhyming word pair.But when he saw the cost-between $50 and S60 per image,plus time for rounds of feedback and edits-he decided to try using A.I.instead.67 Mr.Waldoch said he didn't feel guilty about using A.I.instead of hiring human artists,because human artists were too expensive to make the game worthwhile."I typed in'carrot parrot',and it spit back a perfect image of a parrot made of carrots,"he said."That was the immediate 'aha'moment." 第1卷（共21分） II.Complete the sentences with the proper forms of the phrases given below(6%) move to;get in;come across;keep up with;compare with;focus on;keep from;threaten with 1. modern communication,writing letters has more advantages. 2.Studies show that we tend to take more gambles when a loss than when we are offered a reward. 3. tears,she decided to devote herself to the cause of animal protection. 4.Penny tended to work extra hours in an effort her work. 5.The speech encourages people worldwide what we have in common,rather than what divides us. 6.She had a job which never the way of her leisure interests. IIl.Translation (3+3+4+5=15 l.凡是喜欢翁程的学生都可以参加比赛。(participate) 2.在操作机器时，务必确保你认真遵循用法说明。(make sure) 3.当地的环保人士强烈呼吁世界其他地区采取措施来保护生物多样性。(appeal) 4.它的目标是把产品从设计到生产的时间缩短到18个月以内，值得我们学习。(aim;imit) 参考答聚 II.Grammar and Vocabulary (20%) SectionA 21.have been shown 22.in 23.that/which 24.To adjust 25.breaking 26.take 27.processing 28.had been fed 29.can 30.how Section B 31.G32.D33.A34.F35.B36.E37.H38.139.J40.J III.Reading (39%) Section A 41.C42.A43.D44.B45.C46.B47.B48.A49.D50.C51.A52.C53.B54.B55.C Section B A56.C57.A58.C59.D B60.B61.B62.D63.A Section C 64.A65.D66.C67.B 第Ⅱ卷（共21分） II.Complete the sentences with the proper forms of the phrases given below(6%) 1.Comparcd with 2.threatened with 3.Kecping from 4.to kecp up with 5.to focus on 6.got in III.Translation (3+3+4+5=15) 1.Any student who likes programming can participate in the competition. 2.When opcrating the machinc,make sure that you carefully follow the usage instructions. 3.Local environmentalists strongly appeal to other regions of the world to take measures to protect biodiversity. 4.Its aim is to limit the time from the design to the production of the product to within 18 months,which is worth our learning.