上海市金山华东师范大学第三附属中学2024-2025 学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题

Listening comprehension section a directions in section a, we are a ha tensor conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was third, the conversations and questions will be spoken only once after you hear a conversation and question about IT, read the four possible rounds on your paper and decide which one is the best answers to the question you have heard. One, we have never been here before. Do you have anything special to recommend? Well, mam, our seafood pizza is really good. Question, who is most probably the man? Two, when does the next train leave for shanghai? The train leaves every thirty minutes, and the last train left ten minutes ago. So you won't have to wait for long. Question, how long will the men have to wait? Three, I have a map of the campus, but I still can't find the library with the sculptural exhibit in IT. Can you tell me how . to get there that looks like an old map. Follow me. I'm going that way myself. Question, where does the conversation most probably take place? For I can't believe that I went through the trouble of arranging everything for the party and that no one came. How come . question, how does the woman feel? Five, i'm so tired. I spent all last night thinking about the graduation speech I have to give next week. Come on, you will be fine. Just don't stress yourself. Out question. what does the woman suggest, man, do? Six, I think I forgot my umbrella. Did you notice that IT was raining outside? Yeah, IT is. And I just realized that I left my car window. Open . question, what will the man most probably do next? Seven, what on earth did you do to your eye? Oh, nothing. IT looks a lot worse than IT feels. Question, what does the man mean? Aid, it's all right to wear jeans for a class presentation isn't IT. That's what I am wearing. But if we wear jackets too, maybe we won't look so casual. Question, what is the man suggestion? Nine, I hear that you're working as a pizza deliver a this summer. It's got to be awfully hot riding a bicycle all day to every corner of the town. Well, to tell the truth, but for the pay, I couldn't even work for a day. Question, what does the man imply? Ten, you've sold your car. You don't need one. Not . really. I've never liked driving anyway. Now that we have moved to a place near the subway, we can get about quite convenient without . a car question. What do we learn from the conversation? Section b directions in section b you are here too short passengers and a one longer conversation, and you'll be asked to several questions on each of the passengers and the conversation, the passengers and the conversation will be red twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions eleventh to thirteen are based on the following passage. Huge numbers of unknown planes and animals are in danger. The earth, according to various estimates, supports between five million and eighty million species. Species says doctor love, joy are disappearing before we have a chance to learn how they might benefit the rest of the world. Thousands of kinds of planes could help feed a growing vote population. About four out of every ten medicines come from ingredients found in plants. Some animals also provide medicines. It's natural for species to become extinct over millions of years, says doctor love joy. What's a natural is that humans are speeding up the process many times over. Actually, humans have a great impact on other living things that cheer the earth. And people are doing this in four main ways, making the living places of wildlife less habitable, hunting excessively, introducing new species that endanger native wildlife, and making the environment dirty and polluted. These activities affect all species in one way or那个，because all live is interconnected, is their time to prevent disaster, just barely as scientists worldwide tion will be difficult and costly. But scientists agree that action must be taken quickly. Time is running out. Now listen again, please. Huge numbers of unknown plants and animals are in danger. The earth, according to various estimates, supports between five million and eighty million species. Species says doctor love, joy are disappearing before we have a chance to learn how they might benefit the rest of the world. Thousands of kinds of plans could help feed a growing vote population. About four out of every ten medicines come from ingredients found in plants. Some animals also provide medicines is natural for species to become extinct over millions of years, says doctor love joy. What's unnatural is that humans are speeding up the process many times over. Actually, humans have a great impact on other living things that share the earth. And people are doing this in four main ways, making the living places of wildlife less habitable, hunting excessively, introducing new species that endanger native wildlife and making the environment dirty and polluted. These activities affect all species in one way or another, because all life is interconnected. Is there time to prevent disaster? Just barely say scientists. Worldwide action will be difficult and costly, but scientists agree that action must be taken quickly. Time is running out. Question eleven, what percentage of guns provide medicines for humans? Question twelve, which of the following is not responsible for the disappearing of wildlife? Question thirteen, what is the main purpose of the passage? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. During the seven years that i've been working with the aircraft parts marketing team and familiar with each new project assignment, I think it's fair to say that I contribute a lot more value today than I did about seven years ago. One reason is that with each technical project, I bring more technical know how than I did before. I make a conscious effort to learn from past mistakes and successes and to make sure that each new project benefits from the lessons that i've learned in the previous ones. Another factor is leadership. The ability to lead troubled projects to success without a brazilian passenger aircraft project was in trouble. Last year, I stepped in. When distribution service projects in germany nearly fail through this year, I stepped in. I think you are familiar with my nickname, the fireman, and the go to guy who gets caught in to put up fires and get troubled projects going. Again, I could go on, but I think you get the picture. Business today is about creating value at all levels, and i'm all about value. So I think you agree that i'm due for a pay raise. Thank you. Now listen again, please. During the seven years that i've been working with the aircraft parts marketing team, i'm familiar with each new project assignment. I think it's fair to say that I contribute a lot more value today than I did about seven years ago. One reason is that with each technical project, I bring more technical know how than I did before. I make a conscious effort to learn from past mistakes and successes and to make sure that each new project benefits from the lessons that I have learned in the previous ones. Another factor is leadership, the ability to lead troubled projects to success. When our brazilian passenger aircraft project was in trouble last year, I stepped in. When distribution service projects in germany nearly fell through this year, I stepped in. I think you're familiar with my nickname, the firemen and the go to guy who gets called in to put out fires and get troubled projects going. Again, I could go on, but I think you get the picture. Business today is about creating value at all levels and are all about value. So I think you agree that I am due for a pay rise. Thank you. Question fourteen, why is the speaker called the fireman? Question fifteen, what can we learn about the speaker? Question sixteen, why does the speaker make the speech? Question seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. Um this coffee is really strong. He is so strong. I like White coffee. so do I, but I like black coffee today. During my last class, I was thinking about coming here and could almost taste coffee. Sounds like IT wasn't too interesting. I was born to death. I am in that psychology class only because IT is a requirement, so I have to stick IT out. The problem is the professor doesn't know how to arouse our interest. SHE just walks in, gives selectors and assignments. There's no discussion. Do you have any classes like that? I have only one big lecture class, world history, and the professor is the best. It's so appealing that i'm always on the edge of my seat. And when we have discussions, the room was filled with . electricity. I'm jealous. IT is so bad. I have already taken world history. You know, one day, IT occurred to me that I was lucky to be in her class because I found myself thinking a lot about what he said, did you ever have a teacher like that? ID have to think about IT. You should come with me to class sometime just to see what I mean. I guess what I really comes down to is her enthusiasm for the subject. I remember at the beginning of this semester, I was not taking anything in school very seriously. I boom, the first history test. But then I started really enjoying school, especially her class. You have got me really curious about this teacher. I think I will visit your class. When does IT meet? now? Listen again, please. Um this coffee is really strong. IT is so strong. I like White coffee. so do I, but I like black coffee today, during my last class, I was thinking about coming here and could almost taste coffee. Sounds like IT wasn't . too interesting. I was born to death. I am in that psychology class only because IT is a requirement, so I have to stick IT out. The problem is the professor doesn't know how to arouse our interest. SHE just walks in, gives the selectors and assignments. There's no discussion. Do you have any classes like that? I have only one big lecture class, world history, and the professors the best. It's so appealing that i'm always on the edge of my seat. And when we have discussions, the room was filled . with electricity. I'm jealous. IT is so bad. I have already taken world history. You know, one day, IT occurred to me that I was lucky to be in her class because I found myself thinking a lot about what he said, did you ever have a teacher like that? ID have to think about IT. You should come with me to class some time just to see what I mean. I guess what I really comes down to is her enthusiasm for the subject. I remember at the beginning of this semester, I was not taking anything in school very seriously. I booed the first history test, but then I started really enjoying school, especially her class. You have got me really curious about this teacher. I think I will visit your class. When does IT . meet question seventeen? What are the two speakers mainly talking about? Question eighteen, why does the woman take psychology course? Question nineteen, in what way does the man's world history teacher impressed him most? Question twenty, what does the woman plan to do? 听力测试到此结束，请继续答题。 华东师大三附中 2024 学年第二学期期中考试 高二英语试题 时间：120分钟 满分：150分 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A shop assistant. B. A waiter. C. A receptionist. D. A travel agent. 2. A. 10 minutes. B. 20 minutes. C. 30 minutes. D. 40 minutes. 3. A. In a university. B. In a gallery. C. In a bookstore. D. In a library. 4. A. Happy. B. Exhausted. C. Disappointed. D. Curious. 5. A. Read the speech to her. B. Give a different speech. C. Finish writing the speech. D. Stop worrying about the speech. 6. A. Get his car window closed. B. Lend his umbrella to the woman. C. Borrow the woman’s car key. D. Listen to the weather forecast. 7. A. He’s not feeling fine. B. He can’t see very well. C. His eye doesn’t hurt much. D. His eye isn’t healing quickly. 8. A. They need to dress similarly. B. The woman should avoid jeans. C. They had better dress formally. D. The man is looking for a new jacket. 9. A. The job is well-paid. B. He has just worked for a day. C. The weather is not a problem. D. He has trouble riding a bicycle. 10. A. The woman sold her car because she hates driving. B. The woman thinks it is not convenient to drive a car. C. The woman will be travelling by subway from now on. D. The woman moved because she didn’t want to drive anymore. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and one longer conversation and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. 5%. B. 80%. C. 40%. D. 10%. 12. A. Polluting the environment. B. Destroying wildlife habitats. C. Endangering new species. D. Hunting to a great extent. 13. A. To appeal to people to protect wildlife. B. To emphasize the importance of the Earth. C. To describe different ways to stop pollution. D. To analyze the reasons for wildlife’s disappearing. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Because it is his nickname. B. Because he is often called to put out fires. C. Because he brings more technical technology to each project. D. Because he is the one who gets called to address troubled projects. 15. A. He contributes more value than others. B. He struggled to settle problems but failed. C. He interfered with the distribution service projects. D. He learns from past mistakes and successes consciously. 16. A. To ask for a pay raise. B. To become a fireman. C. To be the team leader. D. To present a better image. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Black or white coffee. B. Their teachers in classes. C. World history classes. D. The beginning of the semester. 18. A. She has to take the course. B. She finds it interesting. C. The professor gives good instructions. D. There are many discussions. 19. A. She holds big lectures. B. She takes her students seriously. C. She loves the subject so much. D. She gives a usual test in class. 20. A. Talk to the man’s teacher. B. Take another history course. C. Meet the man next day. D. Go to the man’s world history class. II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct. Fresh warning sounded on plastics problem Walk along any beach in the world, no matter how isolated, and you will see plastic of some kind washed up on the shoreline, 21 (offer) a reminder of the reckless throwaway culture of the present-day world. Lately, a study 22 (sound) a fresh warning on the damage caused to the marine ecosystem due to discarded plastics, which eventually has a bearing on human health due to the seafood we consume. In a paper 23 (title) “A Growing Plastic Smog” published on March 8, 2023 in the peer-reviewed research journal Plos One, researchers called on governments around the world 24 (take) sweeping action to address the “unprecedented plastic pollution” of the world’s oceans. The plastics break down over time into minute particles that cannot be detected by the naked eye, but find their way into the marine ecosystem and into the seafood humans consume. No one knows for certain 25 the long-term damage will be to marine life and humans, but the study placed much of the blame on the plastics industry for failing to recycle or design for recyclability. “ 26 eaten, microplastics can severely damage an animal’s internal tissues. Globally, we have reached a situation 27 we can no longer ignore the plastic pollution pandemic that is infecting our oceans,” he said. “This research shows us that beach cleanups and citizen science projects that focus on the environmental fate of plastics have little impact on solving the enormity of the plastic problem. Marcus Eriksen, lead author of the study, said in a statement that the findings were a “stark warning 28 we must act now at a global scale”. “We’ve found an alarming trend of exponential growth of microplastics in the global ocean since the millennium, which 29 (expect) to reach over 170 trillion plastic particles,” said Eriksen, adding that the exponential increase in microplastics across the world’s oceans makes 30 necessary to “bring in an age of corporate responsibility for the entire life of the things they make”. Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. tailor B. pursue C.formerly D. advance E. partnered F. evolution G. transforming H. voluntarily I. balancing J. equal K. loyalty Workforce of the Future The workplace is changing rapidly. Rather than the standard working day of nine to five, employees are working more flexibly to meet their busy home lives. Advances in technology are 31 the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace. To gain a full perspective of how the workplace is set to change over the next decade, employee benefits provider Unum UK 32 with The Future Laboratory to survey 3,000 workers across several industries. They also interviewed industry experts and business leaders on topics from artificial intelligence and robotics to the increase of flexible working and an ageing workforce. The result outlines some of the employment changes that businesses can expect to see over the next decade and predicts the 33 of two worker cultures which will dominate the workforce. They are the obligated and the self-fulfilled workers. “Obligated workers” refer to people with dependents and the sandwich generation, 34 raising children with caring for elderly parents. Therefore, they value a career 35 to life stages and events and financial security. Joel Defries, 33, father of one kid and partner at London Vodka said, “A flexible employer will allow me to have a long paternity leave (陪产假) and to value my family just as much as I value my job.” Self-fulfilled workers are committed to life-long learning and acquiring new skills rather than 36 to an employer. They actively look for personal development and want employee benefits that help them 37 both their personal and professional ambitions. They treat personal commitments and pursuits as 38 to professional commitments. Elly Kemp, 31, 39 a full-time employee, now working part-time in a caféand also assisting with her grandmother’s care said, “My approach to work allows me the freedom to 40 my career at my own pace. I want my work to be fluid so I can change it when I want and do whatever makes me happy at the time.” III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In a recent meeting we attended, the word “culture” came up 27 times in 90 minutes. Business leaders all believe a strong organizational culture is 41 to success, yet culture tends to feel like some magic force that few know how to control. In our study, we find that answering the following three questions can help transform culture from a mystery to a(n) 42 : How does culture drive performance? After analyzing 50 major companies, we came to one conclusion: 43 we work determines how well we work. The companies most famous for their cultures maximize the positive motives (动机), while minimizing the negative ones. The six main reasons for which people work are “play, purpose, potential, emotional pressure, economic pressure, and inertia (惯性)”. The latter three motives tend to 44 performance. That is because those people are no longer thinking about work. They’re thinking about the disappointment, or the 45 , or why they’re bothering to do it at all. They don’t 46 the quality of the work itself. By contrast, a high-performing 47 always maximizes the play, purpose, and potential, which is known as creating total motivation. What is culture worth? While it is 48 to measure whether someone is being creative, it’s relatively easy to calculate total motivation of an organization. Take for example the airline industry. All airline companies share the same terminals and use the same planes, but customer satisfaction 49 widely across airlines. When we measured the total motivation of employees of four major airlines, and compared the result with customer satisfaction, we saw that an airline’s culture closely 50 customer satisfaction. 51 , cultures that inspired more play, purpose, and potential produced better customer outcomes, and in turn generated more profits. What elements in an organization 52 motivation? By surveying thousands of workers, we found the most sensitive element is whether an organization can allow an employee to 53 with its mission and behavioral code. For example, Medtronic enables its engineers to see how the medical devices they’ve designed are used in hospitals, so that they can see the purpose of their work. An executive of Walmart, the well-known supermarket, told us that in monthly meetings he always emphasized how much Walmart had saved for the 54 —rather than how much money Walmart had made. A great culture is not easy to build. Leaders have to treat culture building as an engineering project, not a 55 one. 41．A．resistant B．critical C．inferior D．subject 42．A．science B．restriction C．tradition D．instinct 43．A．how B．when C．why D．whether 44．A．encourage B．assess C．distinguish D．hurt 45．A．display B．reward C．mystery D．wit 46．A．care about B．make out C．set aside D．put up 47．A．potential B．technique C．culture D．reform 48．A．essential B．difficult C．bold D．valid 49．A．functions B．differs C．revolves D．pioneers 50．A．resembled B．justified C．predicted D．exploited 51．A．By contrast B．In the end C．As usual D．In other words 52．A．protest B．affect C．lose D．substitute 53．A．identify B．coincide C．tremble D．interact 54．A．customers B．employers C．engineers D．spectators 55．A．mutual B．delicate C．magical D．precise Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) As a boy, when Jonny Kinkead wasn’t making things using the tools in his dad’s garage, he was messing about with a guitar. And the two pre-occupations have been his living for the past four decades: building steel-string guitars by hand. “The guitar still appeals to me,” he says. “Making a sound out of wood—it’s amazing what you can do.” Jonny learned to play his brother’s guitar when he was eleven. Then, when he was sixteen, he wanted to learn the bass guitar. “Some people would have got a holiday job and saved up and bought one,” he says. “But I was of a mindset that if you wanted something, you made it.” Although the bass was the first instrument Jonny built from nothing, he and his brothers had long been doing essentially the same thing with other items. “I made model boats and aeroplanes as a child, so I was familiar with that process. My father had taught me and my brothers how to use tools, and we had free materials in the garage.” Jonny had also been customizing and repairing instruments for his mates. Jonny’s bass guitar turned out well, but the idea of a career building guitars had yet to cross his mind. “My ambition then was to be a sculptor,” he says. His interests evolved further and on finishing school, he chose to study architecture at university. Halfway through the course, however, he dropped out, but left with a clearer idea of what he wanted to do and started to think seriously about guitar making. “I was still interested in painting and sculpture but I realized that when you are building guitars, you’re actually sculpting sound.” In addition, he explains, “I thought this might be more reliable than being an artist as it’s craft-based.” Ever since then, Jonny has made guitars for a living. For the first ten years, he added to his income by cleaning windows part-time. The first guitars he sold only went for the cost of the materials, but as he developed a reputation as one of the best guitar-makers around, he was able to charge a little more. But even now, almost forty years later, Jonny describes what he does as “still scratching a living”. He admits he can never actually turn out more than ten guitars a year, which inevitably restricts his earnings. 56．Why did Jonny choose to make a bass guitar for himself in his teens? A．He regarded it as the natural thing to do. B．He feared that he would not be able to afford one. C．He saw it as good practice for making other guitars. D．He thought he could ensure it was in the style he wanted. 57．In paragraph 3, “that process” refers to _____. A．doing some favours for friends B．cooperating with his brothers C．creating something from nothing D．getting tools and materials ready 58．What does Jonny say about the architecture course he attended? A．It gave him the chance to explore different types of art. B．It helped him become financially independent. C．It provided him with ideas for guitar design. D．It enabled him to decide on a career path. 59．Jonny suggests that the main reason for his low income is _____. A．the high cost of the materials he makes guitars with B．the small number of guitars that he produces C．the limited demand for hand-made guitars D．the competition between guitar-makers (B) Looking for a career change? Check out these unconventional options! The Waterslide Tester When the pool where he worked as a lifeguard was closed during the COVID-19 pandemic, Guillaume Pop took jobs at various other pools that were virtually deserted. In one video on the social platform, he pretended to be a “professional waterslide tester”. Unexpectedly, Pop became a social media sensation. He was then hired to “test” slides and other facilities at water parks and swimming pools all over France. “It’s the best job in the world,” declares Pop, whose videos have received 80 million views. “I’m not behind a desk. I’m active and outside in the sun. In fact, all the children tell me they want to be a waterslide tester!” The Reindeer Herder Finnish Lapland is home to around 200,000 wild reindeer. Anne Ollila, one of the 4,000 owners of these animals, works in this harsh but beautiful region with her big family. She gave up her job as a sociology researcher in 2010 to devote herself to reindeer herding full time. In summer, Ollila sleeps during the day and walks up to 12 miles a night through marsh and forest, enduring all kinds of insects. In deepest winter there is little daylight. Grasslands are frozen and the reindeer move into the forest for protection. “Life here isn’t easy but it’s how nature works,” says Ollila, “I love the environment, the animals and the freedom. Also, I have a sense of belonging to something bigger than me, to the chain of life through the generations.” The Zombie Trainer Stevie Douglas, a 52-year-old Scot, has taught people how to behave like all varieties of the undead. A big fan of horror movies, Douglas noticed the zombies he saw in films were often unconvincing. “Their movement was poor and I thought I could do better.” So, in 2012, he formed ScareScotland to provide zombies for films and events such as horror conventions. A year later they started a zombie training program, which took off when they received a request for 300 zombies for a three-week-long interactive production. “What we do is very specific.” says Douglas. Many people enjoy being frightened, and he’s happy to oblige them. 60. What do the three people introduced in the passage above have in common? A. Their jobs are dangerous, unstable and low-paid. B. Their jobs are well received throughout the world. C. They have great passion and pride in what they do. D. They need professional qualifications to do their job. 61. What does Guillaume Pop like most about his job? A. It has a sense of freedom. B. It is full of vigor and energy. C. It is what he has been doing for decades. D. It satisfies people’s wishes to be frightened. 62. Who is most probably interested in this passage? A. Employees who are considering switching jobs. B. Students who are applying for ideal universities. C. Children who are interested in unusual activities. D. Graduates who are deciding on their essay topics. (C) Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data. The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions. “The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original. It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller. Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information. But what would happen in practice is another matter,” he says. Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says. Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says. The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them. 63．What does the phrase “meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to? A．Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to. B．Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites. C．Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly. D．Insignificant data collected by social media firms. 64．It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether_______. A．social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark scheme B．people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they think C．a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scale D．the kitemark would help companies develop their business models 65．Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because_______. A．their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old B．the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand C．the information they collected could become more valuable in future D．it remains unknown how users’data will be taken advantage of 66．The writer advises users of social media to_______. A．think carefully before posting anything onto such websites B．read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemark C．take no further action if they can find a kitemark D．avoid providing too much personal information Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A．Your furry companion obtains comfort and security from enclosed spaces. B．Others prefer shoes, bowls, shopping bags, coffee mugs, empty egg cartons, and other small, enclosed spaces. C．She found a significant difference in stress levels between cats that had the boxes and those that didn’t. D．A box, in this sense, can often represent a safe zone, a place where sources of anxiety, hostility (恶意), and unwanted attention simply disappear. E．So rather than work things out, cats tend to simply run away from their problems or avoid them altogether. F．Thankfully, behavioral biologists and veterinarians have come up with a few interesting explanations. Why Do Cats Love Boxes So Much? There is an object that’s pretty much guaranteed to arouse your cat’s interest. That object, as the Internet has so thoroughly documented, is a box. Any box, really. Like many other really strange things cats do, science hasn’t fully cracked this particular feline (猫科的) mystery. 67 In fact, when you look at all the evidence together, it could be that your cat may not just like boxes, he may need them. The box-and-whisker plot Understanding the feline mind is extremely difficult. Still, there’s a sizable amount of behavioral research on cats who are, well, used for other kinds of research. These studies have been taking place for more than 50 years and they make one thing quite clear: 68 This is likely true for a number of reasons, but for cats in stressful situations, a box or some other type of separate enclosure can have a strong impact on both their behavior and physiology. Ethologist Claudia Vinke of Utrecht University in the Netherlands is one of the latest researchers to study stress levels in shelter cats. Working with domestic cats in a Dutch animal shelter, Vinke provided hiding boxes for a group of newly arrived cats while keeping another group from them entirely. 69 In effect, the cats with boxes got used to their new surroundings faster, were far less stressed early on, and were more interested in interacting with humans. The ‘If it fits, I sits’ principle Some feline observers will note that in addition to boxes, many cats seem to pick other odd places to relax. Some curl up in a bathroom sink. 70 This brings us to the other reason why your cat may like particularly small boxes: It’s really cold out. So there you have it: Boxes are insulating, stress-relieving, comfort zones—places where cats can hide, relax, sleep, and occasionally launch a surprise attack against the huge, unpredictable apes they live with. IV. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Crucial Role of Early Childhood Environment The environment we are in affects our moods, ability to form relationships, effectiveness in work or play — even our health. In addition, the early childhood environment has a very crucial role in children’s learning and development for two important reasons. First, young children are in the process of rapid brain development. In the early years, the brain develops more synapses (神经元的突触) or connections than it can possibly use. Those that are used by the child form strong connections, while the synapses that are not used gradually disappear. Children’s experiences help to make this determination. The National Scientific Council of the Developing Child compares the development of the brain to constructing a house, stating, “Just as a lack of the right materials can result in blueprints that change, the lack of appropriate experiences can lead to alterations in genetic plans.” Because children’s experiences are limited by their surroundings, the environment we provide for them has a crucial impact on the way the child’s brain develops. The second reason that the early childhood environment has such a strong role in children’s development is because of the amount of time children spend in these environments. Many children spend a large portion of their wakeful hours in early childhood setting. For example, a baby beginning child care will spend up to 12,000 hours in the program. This is more time than he will spend in both elementary and secondary schools. Children will typically spend another 4,000 hours in kindergarten through third grade classrooms. Anita Rui Olds, a well-known environmental designer, believes that we should design our early childhood environments for miracles, not minimums. She states: “Children are miracles. Believing that every child is a miracle can transform the way we design for children’s care. When we invite a miracle into our lives, we prepare ourselves and the environment around us. We make it our job to create, with great respect and gratitude, a space that is worthy of a miracle! V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 如果实验过程中有问题出现，请及时与实验室管理员沟通。(arise) 73. 提前一周提交申请后，学生可以免费使用体育馆里的设备。(submit) 74. 我曾经对魔法故事很着迷，以至于废寝忘食。(fascinate) 75. 不可否认，过分追求时尚其实是放弃了自己的选择的自由。(deny) 76. 尽管困难重重，他丰富的工作经验和出色的心理素质最终让使他胜任主编这个职位。(despite，qualify) VI. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生李乐，学校即将举办科技节，想要向全校师生征文门卫木为“对你生活影响巨大的科学发明”。写一篇文章，内容需包括： 1）你认为对你生活影响巨大的一项科技发明； 2）阐述你的理由。 听力部分现在开始 I. Listening comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. W: We have never been here before. Do you have anything special to recommend? M: Well, madam, our seafood pizza is really good. Q: Who is most probably the man? 2. M: When does the next train leave for Shanghai? W: The train leaves every thirty minutes and the last train left ten minutes ago so you won’t have to wait for long. Q: How long will the man have to wait? 3. M: I have a map of the campus, but I still can’t find the library with a sculpture exhibit in it. Can you tell me how to get there? W: That looks like an old map. Follow me. I’m going that way myself. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? 4. W: I can’t believe that I went through the trouble of arranging everything for the party and then no one came. M: How come? Q: How does the woman feel? 5. M: I’m so tired. I spent all last night thinking about the graduation speech I have to give next week. W: Come on, you will be fine. Just don’t stress yourself out. Q: What does the woman suggest the man do? 6. W: I think I forgot my umbrella. Did you notice that it was raining outside? M: Yeah, it is. And I just realize that I left my car window open. Q: What will the man most probably do next? 7. W: What on earth did you do to your eye? M: Oh, nothing. It looks a lot worse than it feels. Q: What does the man mean? 8. W: It’s all right to wear jeans for a class presentation, isn’t it? M: That’s what I’m wearing. But if we wear jackets too, maybe we won’t look so casual. Q: What is the man’s suggestion? 9. W: I hear that you are working as a pizza deliverer this summer. It’s got to be awfully hot riding a bicycle all day to every corner of the town. M: Well, to tell the truth, but for the pay, I couldn’t even work for a day. Q: What does the man imply? 10. M: You’ve sold your car. You don’t need one? W: Not really. I’ve never liked driving anyway. Now that we have moved to a place near the subway, we can get about quite conveniently without a car. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. Huge numbers of unknown plants and animals are in danger. The Earth, according to various estimates, supports between 5 million and 80 million species. “Species,” says Dr Lovejoy, “are disappearing before we have a chance to learn how they might benefit the rest of the world.” Thousands of kinds of plants could help feed a growing world population. About four out of every ten medicines come from ingredients found in plants. Some animals also provide medicines. “It’s natural for species to become extinct over millions of years,” says Dr Lovejoy. What’s unnatural is that humans are speeding up the process many times over.” Actually, humans have a great impact on other living things that share the Earth. And people are doing this in four main ways: making the living places of wildlife less habitable, hunting excessively, introducing new species that endanger native wildlife, and making the environment dirty and polluted. These activities affect all species in one way or another, because all life is interconnected. Is there time to prevent disaster? “Just barely,” say scientists. Worldwide action will be difficult and costly. But scientists agree that action must be taken quickly. Time is running out. (Now listen again，please) Questions: 11. What percentage of plants provide medicines for humans? 12. Which of the following is not responsible for the disappearing of wildlife? 13. What is the main purpose of the passage? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. During the seven years that I’ve been working with the aircraft parts marketing team, I’m familiar with each new project assignment. I think it’s fair to say that I contribute a lot more value today than I did about seven years ago. One reason is that, with each technical project, I bring more technical know-how than I did before. I make a conscious effort to learn from past mistakes and successes and to make sure that each new project benefits from the lessons that I have learned in the previous ones. Another factor is leadership – the ability to lead troubled projects to success. When our Brazilian passenger aircraft project was in trouble last year, I stepped in. When distribution service projects in Germany nearly fell through this year, I stepped in. I think you’re familiar with my nickname, “the fireman.” I’m the “go-to” guy who gets called in to put out fires and get troubled projects going again. I could go on, but I think you get the picture. Business today is about creating value at all levels. And I’m all about value. So, I think you’ll agree that I’m due for a pay raise. Thank you. (Now listen again，please) Questions: 14. Why is the speaker called “the fireman”? 15. What can we learn about the speaker? 16. Why does the speaker make the speech? Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. W: Mm. this coffee is really strong. M: It is so strong. I like white coffee. W: So do I. But I like black coffee today. During my last class I was thinking about coming here and could almost taste the coffee. M: Sounds like it wasn’t too interesting. W: I was bored to death. I’m in that psychology class only because it is a requirement so I have to stick it out. The problem is, the professor doesn’t know how to arouse our interest. She just walks in, gives us lectures and assignments. There is no discussion. Do you have any classes like that? M: I have only one big lecture class—world history—and the professor’s the best. It’s so appealing that I’m always on the edge of my seat. And when we have discussions, the room is filled with electricity. W: I’m jealous. It is so bad. I have already taken world history. M: You know, one day it occurred to me that I was lucky to be in her class because I found myself thinking a lot about what she said. Did you ever have a teacher like that? W: I’d have to think about it. M: You should come with me to class sometime, just to see what I mean. I guess what it really comes down to is her enthusiasm for the subject. I remember at the beginning of this semester; I was not taking anything in school very seriously. I boomed the first history test, but then I started really enjoying school, especially her class. W: You have got me really curious about this teacher. I think I will visit your class. When does it meet? (Now listen again，please) Questions: 17. What are the two speakers mainly talking about? 18. Why does the woman take psychology course? 19. In what way does the man’s world history teacher impress him most? 20. What does the woman plan to do? (听力测试到此结束，请继续答题。) 参考答案 Listening comprehension 1—10 BBACD ACCAC 11-13 CCA 14-16 DDA 17-20 BACD Grammar 21．offering 22．has sounded 23．titled 24．to take 25．what 26．Once/If/When 27．where 28．that 29．is expected 30．it 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今海洋面临严重的塑料污染。最近，一项研究对废弃塑料对海洋生态系统造成的破坏发出了新的警告，由于我们食用的海鲜，这些塑料最终会影响人类的健康。 21．考查非谓语动词。句意：走在世界上任何一个海滩上，无论多么孤立，你都会看到某种塑料被冲到海岸线上，提醒人们当今世界鲁莽的一次性文化。分析句子结构可知offer与you will see plastic of some kind washed up on the shoreline构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填offering。 22．考查时态。句意：最近，一项研究对废弃塑料对海洋生态系统造成的破坏发出了新的警告，由于我们食用的海鲜，这些塑料最终会影响人类的健康。根据lately可知为现在完成时，主语为study，助动词用has。故填has sounded。 23．考查非谓语动词。句意：2023年3月8日，在同行评议的研究期刊《公共科学图书馆·综合》上发表的一篇题为《不断增长的塑料烟雾》的论文中，研究人员呼吁世界各国政府采取全面行动，解决世界海洋“前所未有的塑料污染”。分析句子结构可知title与paper构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填titled。 24．考查非谓语动词。句意：2023年3月8日，在同行评议的研究期刊《公共科学图书馆·综合》上发表的一篇题为《不断增长的塑料烟雾》的论文中，研究人员呼吁世界各国政府采取全面行动，解决世界海洋“前所未有的塑料污染”。表示“呼吁……”短语为call on sb. to do sth.。故填to take。 25．考查宾语从句。句意：没有人确切知道对海洋生物和人类的长期损害是什么，但这项研究将大部分责任归咎于塑料工业未能回收或设计可回收性。引导宾语从句，从句缺少表语，表示是什么，应用what。故填what。 26．考查状语从句。句意：“一旦/如果/当被食用时，微塑料会严重损害动物的内部组织”。此处可理解为引导条件状语从句，表示“一旦”或“如果”用once或if；或理解为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”应用when。首字母大写。故填Once/ If/ When。 27．考查定语从句。句意：他说：“在全球范围内，我们已经到了不能再忽视正在感染海洋的塑料污染大流行的地步。”此处为定语从句修饰先行词situation，在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。 28．考查同位语从句。句意：该研究的主要作者Marcus Eriksen在一份声明中表示，这些发现是一个“严重的警告，我们现在必须在全球范围内采取行动”。说明warning的内容，引导同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that。故填that。 29．考查固定短语。句意：埃里克森说:“我们发现，自千年以来，全球海洋中的微塑料呈指数级增长，这一趋势令人担忧，预计将达到170万亿个塑料颗粒。”他补充说，全球海洋中微塑料的指数级增长使得有必要“引入一个企业对其制造的产品的整个生命周期负责的时代”。表示“预计……”短语为be expected to，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，非限制性定语从句修饰trend，在从句中作主语，谓语用单数。故填is expected。 30．考查it用法。句意：埃里克森说:“我们发现，自千年以来，全球海洋中的微塑料呈指数级增长，这一趋势令人担忧，预计将达到170万亿个塑料颗粒。”他补充说，全球海洋中微塑料的指数级增长使得有必要“引入一个企业对其制造的产品的整个生命周期负责的时代”。此处为make it adj. to do sth.，it作形式宾语，故填it。 31．G 32．A 33．B 34．I 35．E 36．K 37．F 38．J 39．C 40．D 【分析】这事一篇新闻报道。短文报道了未来两种主导劳动力——有义务的工作者和实现自我的工作者。 31．考查现在进行时。句意：技术进步正在改变工作场所所需任务和技能的性质。分析句子可知，本句用了现在进行时，根据句意，判断出填transforming。故选G。 32．考查动词。句意：为了全面了解未来十年工作场所的变化情况，员工福利提供商Unum UK与未来的实验室合作，对几个行业的3000名员工进行了调查。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时，空处缺少谓语。partner with sb“与某人合作”符合语境。故选A。 33．考查名词。句意：研究结果概述了企业在未来十年可能会看到的一些就业变化，并预测了两种员工文化的演变将主导劳动力。the +名词+of“……的”，根据句意，空处填evolution。故选B。 34．考查现在分词。句意：有义务的工作者是指同时扶养与照顾父母和子女的人，在抚养孩子和照顾年迈的父母之间保持着平衡。分析句子可知，空处为现在分词作状语，balance A with B“使AB两方均势”符合语境。故选I。 35．考查过去分词。句意：因此，他们重视有助于生活各个阶段顺利度过、应对各种事件和保障经济安全的职业。be tailored to“适合于……”，被用在句中作career的后置定语，符合语境。故选E。 36．考查名词。句意：实现自我的工人致力于终身学习和获得新技能，而不是只为一个雇主工作。rather than为连词，连接new skills和loyalty。loyalty to“忠诚于……”，符合句意，故选K。 37．考查动词。句意：他们积极寻求个人发展，想获得能帮助他们追求个人和职业抱负的员工福利。help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”，所以空处填动词原形pursue。故选F。 38．考查形容词。句意：他们把个人承诺和追求视为等同于职业承诺。be equal to“等同于”，本句中的equal to…作personal commitments and pursuits的宾语补足语。故选J。 39．考查副词。句意：31岁的Elly Kemp以前是一名全职员工，现在在一家咖啡馆兼职，同时照顾她的祖母。她说：“我的工作方式让我可以自由地以自己的速度推进我的职业生涯。”分析句子可知，formerly与now相对应。故选C。 40．考查动词。句意：31岁的Elly Kemp以前是一名全职员工，现在在一家咖啡馆兼职，同时照顾她的祖母。她说:“我的工作方式让我可以自由地以自己的速度推进我的职业生涯。”分析句子可知，to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形。填advance。故选D。 题号 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 答案 B A C D B A C B B C 题号 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 答案 D B A A C A C D B C 题号 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 答案 B A A B D B F A C B 41．B 42．A 43．C 44．D 45．B 46．A 47．C 48．B 49．B 50．C 51．D 52．B 53．A 54．A 55．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。商业领袖都相信强大的组织文化是成功的关键，但文化往往感觉像某种魔力，很少有人知道如何控制。文章主要从文化如何推动公司员工表现、文化的价值以及组织中会影响动机的因素三个方面对企业文化建设进行了说明。 41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：商业领袖都相信强大的组织文化是成功的关键，但文化往往感觉像某种魔力，很少有人知道如何控制。A. resistant抵抗的；B. critical关键的，批评的；C. inferior差的；D. subject受……支配的。结合上文“In a recent meeting we attended, the word “culture” came up 27 times in 90 minutes.”可推知会议中反复提到“文化”这个词，说明“文化”很重要，商业领袖都相信强大的组织文化是成功的关键。故选B。 42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们的研究中，我们发现回答以下三个问题可以帮助文化从一种神秘变成一种科学。A. science科学；B. restriction限制；C. tradition传统；D. instinct本能。根据上文“culture tends to feel like some magic force that few know how to control. In our study, we find that answering the following three questions can help transform culture from a mystery to”可知上文提到文化往往感觉像某种魔力，很少有人知道如何控制，所以这项研究是为了帮助把文化从一种神秘变成一种大家都能理解的科学。故选A。 43．考查连词词义辨析。句意：在分析了50家大公司之后，我们得出了一个结论：我们为何工作决定了我们工作的好坏。此处为主语从句，从句中缺少原因状语，表示“为何，为什么”应用why。故选C。 44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后三个动机往往会损害工作表现。A. encourage鼓励；B. assess评定；C. distinguish区别；D. hurt损害。根据后文“That is because those people are no longer thinking about work.”可知后三个动机往往会损害人们的工作表现，因为它们会让人不再想着工作。故选D。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们想的是失望，或者好处，或者他们为什么要这么做。A. display展示；B. reward奖励；C. mystery神秘；D. wit智慧。根据前后文语境“They’re thinking about the disappointment, or the…, or why they’re bothering to do it at all.”可知，本句主要是在描述人们不再考虑工作，对工作的一些消极想法，如想到的是失望、得到好处或者他们为什么要这么做。故选B。 46．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们不关心工作本身的质量。A. care about关心；B. make out理解；C. set aside留出；D. put up提供。根据后文“the quality of the work itself”可知指关心工作本身的质量。故选A。 47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，高绩效的文化总是最大限度地发挥作用、目的和潜力，这就是所谓的创造整体动机。A. potential潜能；B. technique技术；C. culture文化；D. reform改革。结合上文“The companies most famous for their cultures maximize the positive motives, while minimizing the negative ones.”可知，此处是在讨论高绩效的组织文化。故选C。 48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然很难衡量一个人是否有创造力，但计算一个组织的整体动机却相对容易。A. essential基本的；B. difficult困难的；C. bold大胆的；D. valid有效的。根据后文“it’s relatively easy to calculate total motivation of an organization.”可知与后文计算一个组织的整体动机相对容易相对应的，衡量一个人是否有创造力很困难。故选B。 49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有的航空公司都共用相同的终点站，使用相同的飞机，但不同航空公司的客户满意度差别很大。A. functions运行；B. differs不同；C. revolves旋转；D. pioneers开拓。根据上文“All airline companies share the same terminals and use the same planes, but customer satisfaction”可知but表示转折，说明虽然所有的航空公司都共用相同的终点站，使用相同的飞机，但不同航空公司的客户满意度差别很大。故选B。 50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们衡量四大航空公司员工的总动机，并将结果与客户满意度进行比较时，我们发现航空公司的文化密切预测客户满意度。A. resembled类似；B. justified调整；C. predicted预测；D. exploited利用。结合后文“cultures that inspired more play, purpose, and potential produced better customer outcomes, and in turn generated more profits.”可知，好的企业文化能够产生更好的客户结果，进而产生更多利润，反推航空公司的文化可以预测客户满意度。故选C。 51．考查固定短语辨析。句意：换句话说，能够激发更多表现、目标和潜力的文化能够产生更好的客户结果，进而产生更多利润。A. By contrast相比之下；B. In the end最后；C. As usual照例；D. In other words换句话说。后文“cultures that inspired more play, purpose, and potential produced better customer outcomes, and in turn generated more profits.”是对上文航空公司的文化密切预测客户满意度进一步解释说明，即在“换句话说”。故选D。 52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：组织中的哪些因素会影响动机？A. protest抗议；B. affect影响；C. lose失去；D. substitute替代。根据后文“we found the most sensitive element is whether an organization can allow an employee to … with its mission and behavioral code”可知，本部分内容主要是在说明公司中的哪些因素可以影响员工的动机。故选B。 53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过对数千名员工的调查，我们发现最敏感的因素是组织是否能让员工认同其使命和行为准则。A. identify识别，认同；B. coincide一致；C. tremble颤抖；D. interact互相作用。结合后文“with its mission and behavioral code”指员工认同公司给予的使命和行为准则，identify with“认同”。故选A。 54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：著名超市沃尔玛的一位高管告诉我们，在每月的会议上，他总是强调沃尔玛为顾客节省了多少钱——而不是沃尔玛赚了多少钱。A. customers顾客；B. employers雇主；C. engineers工程师；D. spectators观众。根据后文“rather than how much money Walmart had made”可知强调的是沃尔玛为顾客节省了多少钱——而不是沃尔玛赚了多少钱。故选A。 55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：领导者必须将文化建设视为一项管理项目，而不是一项神奇的工程。A. mutual共同的；B. delicate精美的；C. magical神奇的；D. precise精确的。对应第一段中“culture tends to feel like some magic force”指认为文化建设是一项神奇的工程。故选C。 56．A 57．C 58．D 59．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Jonny Kinkead由于小时候的经历在念大学时决定选择制作低音吉他作为自己的职业。 56．细节理解题。根据第二段的“ “Some people would have got a holiday job and saved up and bought one,” he says. “But I was of a mindset that if you wanted something, you made it.” (他说：“有些人会找到一份假期工作，然后存起来买一份。”。“但我的想法，如果你想要什么，你就自己做。”)”可知，Jonny在十几岁时选择自己做一把贝斯吉他是因为他认为自己做是理所当然的。故选A。 57．词句猜测题。根据第三段的“Although the bass was the first instrument Jonny built from nothing, he and his brothers had long been doing essentially the same thing with other items.“I made model boats and aeroplanes as a child, so I was familiar with that process.  (尽管低音贝斯是Jonny从无到有制作的第一种乐器，但他和他的兄弟们长期以来一直在对其他乐器做基本相同的事情。“我小时候做过模型船和飞机，所以我对这个过程很熟悉。”)”可知，Jonny和兄弟们长期以来在父亲的指导下自己制作乐器，这是一个从无到有的创造过程。由此猜测that process指的是“从无到有制作一件东西”。故选C。 58．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Jonny’s bass guitar turned out well, but the idea of a career building guitars had yet to cross his mind. “My ambition then was to be a sculptor,” he says. His interests evolved further and on finishing school, he chose to study architecture at university. Halfway through the course, however, he dropped out, but left with a clearer idea of what he wanted to do and started to think seriously about guitar making. (乔尼的低音吉他非常不错，但他还没有想过要用吉他来建立职业生涯。“当时我的志向是成为一名雕塑家，”他说。他的兴趣进一步发展，在完成学业后，他选择在大学学习建筑。然而，课程进行到一半时，他退出了，但离开时对自己想做什么有了更清晰的想法，并开始认真思考吉他制作)”可知，Jonny所上的建筑学课程促使他决定了以制作吉他为职业。故选D。 59．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“He admits he can never actually turn out more than ten guitars a year, which inevitably restricts his earnings. (他承认，实际上他一年制作的吉他永远不会超过10把，这不可避免地限制了他的收入)”可知，Jonny认为他的低收入是因为他制作的吉他数量很少——一年不超过10把。故选B。 60．C 61．B 62．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了三个人对于自己工作的看法。 60．细节理解题。根据第二段“I’m not behind a desk. I’m active and outside in the sun. In fact, all the children tell me they want to be a waterslide tester!(我不是坐在桌子后面。我很活跃，喜欢在户外晒太阳。事实上，所有的孩子都告诉我他们想成为一名滑水道测试员！)”；第三段““Life here isn’t easy but it’s how nature works,” says Ollila, “I love the environment, the animals and the freedom. Also, I have a sense of belonging to something bigger than me, to the chain of life through the generations.(“这里的生活并不容易，但这就是大自然的运作方式，”奥利拉说，“我喜欢这里的环境、动物和自由。而且，我有一种归属感，属于比我更大的东西，属于代代相传的生命链)”以及第四段““What we do is very specific.” says Douglas. Many people enjoy being frightened, and he’s happy to oblige them.(“我们所做的是非常具体的。”道格拉斯说。许多人喜欢被惊吓，他也很乐意满足他们)”可知，三个人的共同点是都对自己的工作充满激情和自豪。故选C。 61．细节理解题。根据第二段“I’m not behind a desk. I’m active and outside in the sun. In fact, all the children tell me they want to be a waterslide tester!(我不是坐在桌子后面。我很活跃，喜欢在户外晒太阳。事实上，所有的孩子都告诉我他们想成为一名滑水道测试员！)”可知，Guillaume Pop最喜欢他工作充满活力和能量。故选B。 62．推理判断题。根据第一段“Looking for a career change? Check out these unconventional options!(想换个工作？看看这些非传统的选择吧！)”可推知，考虑换工作的员工最有可能对这篇文章感兴趣。故选A。 63．A 64．B 65．D 66．B 【分析】这是一篇议论文。当我们在社交媒体上注册登记的时候，总会签署一些无意义的法律合同，文章就此现象展开了讨论，并列举了多人的不同观点。 63．词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“...... has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts....”可知很多社交媒体公司和用户签订了没有意义的法律合同。而这些合同是没有意义的废话，也起不到任何作用，很多用户根本没有仔细阅读合同的具体内容。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出第1和第3段中的“meaningless drivel”指的是社交媒体公司让人们签署的法律合同。故选A。 64．推理判断题。根据第四段中Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data.”可知，我们能不能多注意一下认证标记？“我认为如果你去做了调查，人们会认为他们会去做，”英国南安普敦大学研究公开数据的Nigel Shadbolt说。由此可推知，Nigel Shadbolt怀疑人们是否会像他们认为的那样关注认证标记。故选B。 65．细节理解题。根据第五段Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.可知其他机构，如银行，会要求客户签署他们可能不会读或理解的长期合同，但Miller认为，社交媒体需要特别关注，因为它是太新了。他说：“我们仍然不知道孩子们在社交媒体上放的不明智的东西会产生多大的长期影响，而20年后这些东西又会回来伤害到他们。”由此可知，Andrew Miller认为社交媒体比银行需要更多的关注，主要是因为用户的数据将如何被利用仍然是个未知数。故选D。 66．推理判断题。根据文章最后一句If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.可知如果管理得当，一个关于条款和条件的认证标记可以帮助人们知道他们到底签了什么。尽管他们仍然需要真正阅读它们。由此可知，作者建议社交媒体用户阅读条款和条件，即使有一个认证标记。故选B。 67．F 68．A 69．C 70．B 【导语】本是一篇说明文。主要介绍了猫喜欢盒子的原因。 67．上文“Like many other really strange things cats do, science hasn’t fully cracked this particular feline (猫科的) mystery. (就像猫做的许多其他非常奇怪的事情一样，科学还没有完全破解这种特殊的神秘的猫科动物)”说明猫科动物很神秘，与空格处是转折关系，因此F项“值得庆幸的是，行为生物学家和兽医提出了一些有趣的解释”符合语境，故选F。 68．下文“This is likely true for a number of reasons, but for cats in stressful situations, a box or some other type of separate enclosure can have a strong impact on both their behavior and physiology.(这可能有很多原因，但对于处于压力环境中的猫来说，一个盒子或其他类型的单独围栏会对它们的行为和生理产生强烈影响。)”说明猫处于压力环境中需要有缓解压力的空间，因此A项“你的毛茸茸的同伴从封闭的空间中获得舒适和安全”符合语境，故选A。 69．上文“Working with domestic cats in a Dutch animal shelter, Vinke provided hiding boxes for a group of newly arrived cats while keeping another group from them entirely. (Vinke在荷兰的一家动物收容所与家猫合作，为一群新来的猫提供了隐藏箱，同时让另一群猫完全远离它们)”说明的是Vinke做的实验，空格处是实验得出的结果，因此C项“她发现有盒子的猫和没有盒子的猫在压力水平上有显著差异”符合语境，故选C。 70．上文“Some feline observers will note that in addition to boxes, many cats seem to pick other odd places to relax. (一些猫科动物观察者会注意到，除了盒子，许多猫似乎还会选择其他奇怪的地方放松。)”说明猫科动物喜欢的狭小的奇奇怪怪的空间，空格处是具体的奇怪的地方，因此B项“其他猫更喜欢鞋子、碗、购物袋、咖啡杯、空鸡蛋盒和其他小的封闭空间”符合语境，故选B。 Summary 71. There are two reasons why children’s learning and development depend on the early childhood environment. First, the environment where children get their experiences determines the way of children’s brain development. Second, compared to other periods, children spend more time in early childhood settings. So a better early childhood environment should be set for children’s brain development. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述幼儿环境对儿童的学习和发展有着非常关键的两方面的作用。 【详解】1 要点摘录① In addition, the early childhood environment has a very crucial role in children’s learning and development for two important reasons.②First, young children are in the process of rapid brain development.③The second reason that the early childhood environment has such a strong role in children’s development is because of the amount of time children spend in these environments.④When we invite a miracle into our lives, we prepare ourselves and the environment around us. We make it our job to create, with great respect and gratitude, a space that is worthy of a miracle! 2.缜密构思全文是“总-分-总”的结构。以上四句话分别描述每一段的主旨大意，因此概括全文内容可以使用它们的组合。3.遣词造句①Because children’s developments are created by education, the environment we provide for them has a crucial impact on them.②Many people spend a large portion of their wakeful hours in playing mobile phones.③Believing that every effort will create a miracle can transform the way we understand ourselves. 【点睛】[高分句型1]：Those that are used by the child form strong connections, while the synapses that are not used gradually disappear. 其中两个that引导的定语从句，while连词功能连接两个有从句的分句，表示对比关系，该表达很高级。 [高分句型2]：The second reason that the early childhood environment has such a strong role in children’s development is because of the amount of time children spend in these environments.用that引导定语从句修饰reason并且在主句中作主语，且is后面接because of连接的名词性短语，表达非常高级。 Translation 72. 如果实验过程中有问题出现，请及时与实验室管理员沟通。(arise) If problems arise during the experiment,communicate with the laboratory assistants in time,please. 73. 提前一周提交申请后，学生可以免费使用体育馆里的设备。 (submit) After submitting an application a week in advance,students have free access to the equipment in the gym. 74. 我曾经对魔法故事很着迷，以至于废寝忘食。 (fascinate) I was/used to be so fascinated with/by magic stories that I neglected sleep and meals. 75. 不可否认，过分地追求时尚其实是放弃了自己的选择的自由。(deny) There is no denying that excessive/too much pursuit of fashion/being obsessed with fashion is equal to giving up one's freedom of choice. 76.尽管困难重重，他丰富的工作经验和出色的心理素质最终使他胜任主编这个职位。 (despite,qualify) Despite many difficulties, his rich experience and excellent psychological qualities finally qualified him for the position as the chief editor. Writing 77. 略 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$