专题-J871 Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world 阅读理解-【题型易-考试题型精练】八年级下册英语单元话题中心题型梯度训练 月考突破 题型特训（人教版Go for it!）

专题-J871阅读理解 初中英语八年级下册 题型特训 Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world? 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 Giant PandasWhere they live: Mainly in Sichuan, also in Shanxi and Gansu. Why they are in danger: They don’t have enough food. They don’t give birth to many babies. Fun facts: A new baby panda is as small as a mouse. Pandas spend almost the whole day eating. But they only take in 20% of what they eat. Pandas poop (排便) over 12 times a day. Pandas have been on the earth for about 3 million years. Siberian Tigers (东北虎)Where they live: Northeastern China and Russia. Why they are in danger: People hunt them and destory their habitat (栖息地). Baby tigers are weak and often die early. Fun facts: A father tiger always leaves his family without saying goodbye. Then the mother tiger takes care of the babies. She is very careful. She hides her babies when she goes out hunting, and takes a different way home. 1．Where do giant pandas live? A．In Sichuan and Guangdong. B．In Shanxi and Guangxi. C．In Northeastern China and Russia. D．In Sichuan, Shanxi and Gansu. 2．Which animal is as small as a new baby panda? A． B． C． D． 3．How many times do pandas poop a day? A．Three times. B．Ten times. C．More than 12 times. D．Over 20 times. 4．Where do Siberian Tigers live? A．In Southeastern China and Russia. B．In Northeastern China and Russia. C．In China and Northeastern Russia. D．In China and Southeastern Russia. 5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Giant pandas have enough food. B．Baby tigers are very strong. C．A father tiger always hides his babies when he goes out hunting. D．The mother tiger takes care of the baby tigers. Passage 2 Coronado was born in 1953. Scientists saw the birth of this island. It began at 6: 30 a.m. on 14th November. A fishing boat was near Iceland. The boat moved under the captain’s（船长）feet. He noticed a strange smell. He saw some black smoke. A volcano（火山）was breaking out. Red-hot rocks, fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom（底部）of the sea. The island grew quickly. It was 10 meters high the next day and 60 meters high on 18th November. Scientists flew there to watch. It was exciting. Smoke and fire were still rushing up. Pieces of red-hot rock were flying into the air and falling into the sea. The sea was boiling and there was a strange light in the sky. Coronado grew and grew. Then it stopped in June 1957. It was 175 meters high and 2 kilometers long. And life was already coming to Coronado. Plants grew. Birds came. Some scientists built a house. They want to learn about this young island. A new island is like a new world. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1. Coronado is ________. A．an island not far from Iceland B．a new volcano C．a fishing boat D．a place in Iceland 2. Scientists flew there ________. A．to watch the birth of the island B．to save the fishing boat C．to learn about the island D．to build a house 3. When did scientist fly there to watch? A．Before the volcano broke out. B．As soon as the volcano broke out. C．About four days after the volcano broke out. D．After the volcano stopped rushing up. 4. Put the following sentences in correct order. a. The captain found the boat was moving. b. A new island appeared in the sea. c. Fire, smoke and rocks were seen rushing up. d. A fishing boat was near Iceland. e. The island grew quickly. A．d—a—c—b—e B．a—b—c—d—e C．a—b—e—c—d D．b—e—d—a—c 5. The best title of this article is ________. A．A new island B．The birth of an island C．A new world D．Scientists discovered Coronado Passage 3 There are places in North America where great cities once stood. There were gardens, trees and grass. But now these places are like deserts. Scientists began to study this land to find out what had happened. Many of them believe the land died when the trees were cut down. Trees help other plants grow. Tree roots (树根) hold the soil in place. They keep the wind from blowing away the soil. Leaves on the ground keep rainwater from running off. Trees near farms can help to stop strong winds. Once there were hundreds of farms in the northwest of the US. Then the farms turned into fields of dry land. This was because few trees grow there. Now we try to save trees. In many places, when a tree is cut down, a new tree is planted in its place. We don’t want the land to die. 1. Places where great cities stood are now like ________. A．forests B．deserts C．farms D．gardens 2. The underlined word “its” means ________. A．the old tree’s B．the new tree’s C．the place’s D．the land’s 3. Why are trees important? A．Because they turn fields into dry land. B．Because they help other plants grow. C．Because they help strong winds blow. D．Because they keep rainwater running off. 4. What does the text tell us? A．Farms are better than cities. B．There are no deserts in America. C．Lands will die without trees. D．All the trees are cut down. 5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．You can’t find any trees or grass in North America. B．Trees help us live a life as we are living now. C．Trees grow only in the deserts. D．Trees can blow soil away. Passage 4 Do you know why different animals or pests (害虫) have their special colors? Colors in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves. Some birds like eating locusts (蝗虫). But birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colors together with the change of the colors of crops. When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color as crops have. Some other pests with different colors from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night. If you study the animal life, you’ll find the main use of coloring is protecting themselves. Bears, tigers and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be seen by hunters. This is because they have the colors much like the trees. Have you ever noticed an even stranger act? An octopus (章鱼) can send out a kind of very black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over, the enemies cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it isn’t strong at all. 1. From the passage we learn that locusts ________. A．are small animals B．are easily found by birds C．are dangerous to their enemies D．change their colors to protect themselves 2. How can pests with different colors from plants keep out of danger? A．They run away quickly. B．Their colors are like their enemies’. C．They hide themselves in the day and appear at night. D．They have to move quietly. 3. Bears and tigers can keep safe because they ________. A．have the colors much like the trees B．move quickly C．like brown and grey colors D．live in forests 4. An octopus lives up to now because ________. A．it is very big and strong B．the liquid it sends out helps it escape from its enemies C．the liquid it sends out can kill its enemies D．it swims faster than any other fish 5. Which is the BEST title for this passage? A．The Changes of Colors for Animals and Pests B．Colors of Different Animals and Pests C．The Main Use of Colors for Animals and Pests D．Some Animals and Pests Passage 5 The Big Stone River is one of the most amazing stone rivers in the world. The Big Stone River is the most interesting sight (景象) of Taganai Park in Russia. Different from other rivers, it is filled with rocks and stones. Not a drop of water can be seen. Interestingly, as one comes near to the rocky river, the sound of running water can be hear rocks fell down from the mountains slowly and made the river of rocks. The Big Stone River is about 6 km long and is made up of many small rocky rivers. It cuts through a thick forest like a real river. It is about 200 meters wide and in some places, it is up to 700 meters wide. Some of the rocks weigh up to 10 tons each and the layer (层) of rocks goes down 6 meters deep. Scientists believe it is the consequence of the movement of glaciers (冰川) about 10,000 years ago. At that time, ice covered the top of the mountains. As time went by, the ice turned into water. The Seeing the amazing river is a great experience. The best way to experience this natural wonder is from above. Come and visit it when you come to Russia. 1. Why is the Big Stone River special? A．Because it is in Taganai Park. B．Because it is full of fish. C．Because it is impossible to see water there. D．Because the sound of running water is loud. 2. How wide is the widest part of the Big Stone River? A．6 meters. B．200 meters. C．700 meters. D．6,000 meters. 3. What does the underlined word “consequence” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Reason. B．Result. C．End. D．Beginning. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The Big Stone River is the only stone river in the world. B．The Big Stone River is a real river through a thick forest. C．The Big Stone River is made up of some big rocky rivers. D．Enjoying the Big Stone River from a higher place is the best way. 5. What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Big Stone River B．A Very Amazing Stone C．An Unforgettable Experience D．A Running River 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 Every year hundreds of people try to climb the world’s highest mountain or walk through rainforests (雨林). Let’s take a look at two of the 21st century’s (世纪的) greatest adventurers (冒险家). A mountain climber Do you know that more than 4,000 people have climbed Qomolangma so far? Gerlinde is one of them. She is one of the world’s greatest climbers and has climbed all the mountains over 8,000 meters in the world. It’s difficult to climb mountains in cold weather, but Gerlinde loves it. She started climbing the mountains near her home as a teenager. When she left school, she became a nurse but always went climbing no matter when she has free time. An Amazon adventurer Ed Stafford is the first person to walk along the Amazon River from the mountains of Peru to the mouth of the river in Brazil. It took him two years and four months to finish the journey. There are many dangerous animals in the rainforest. But Ed was lucky and he was only bitten (咬) by small insects (昆虫). On his trip, Ed had to look for fruit or catch fish each morning. Sometimes food was hard to find and Ed was often tired and hungry. So he used a radio to ask the people of the rainforest for food and help. 1. What does the underlined word “it” refer to (指的是)? A．To climb all the mountains in the world. B．To climb Qomolangma. C．To be the world’s greatest climber. D．To climb mountains in cold weather. 2. What can we know from Ed’s journey? A．It was very dangerous. B．It was cold in the rainforest. C．It was easy to find food. D．It took four years and two months. 3. Ed might NOT see ________ in the rainforest. A．people B．fruit C．snakes D．insects 4. Which of the following is TRUE? A．Ed was once bitten by snakes on his trip to Amazon River. B．Gerlinde is the first person to climb Qomolangma in the world. C．More than 4,000 people climb Qomolangma every year. D．Gerlinde has climbed all the mountains over 8,000 meters. 5. What can we know about the two persons’ personalities according to the passage? A．Brave and childish. B．Proud and kind. C．Careful and hard-working. D．Brave and adventurous (爱冒险的). Passage 7 What do the following animals have in common (相同)? Pandas, tigers, whales, lions and camels? They are all in danger! Animals are in danger for many reasons. Sadly, humans are behind them! Here are three reasons. Excessive hunting (过度猎杀): For centuries, humans have hunted elephants for their tusks, killed tigers for their fur, and caught many other animals for meat. Foreign animals: In 1505, Europeans discovered a beautiful island in the Indian Ocean named Mauritius. They brought dogs, pigs, monkeys, and rats with them. It was bad news for dodo birds. They did not have any natural enemies before. They picked up fruits falling down from trees and built their houses on the ground. Shortly after humans came, however, dodo birds were in big trouble — man killed them for their meat, and those animals broke their homes and ate their eggs. The dodo birds first became rare and then extinct. The last dodo bird was killed in 1681. Loss of homes: We cut down forest for farming. We cut down trees to build houses. We build dams to make sure that we have enough water to use. When we are trying to make our lives comfortable, the land for animals to live on becomes less and less. 1. Pandas, tigers, whales, lions and camels are all___________. A．dangerous animals B．animals in danger C．useful animals D．animals living everywhere 2. Which of the following is NOT true about dodo birds? A．Dodo birds lived in Mauritius. B．Dodo birds became rare because of humans. C．Dodo birds didn’t have any natural enemies before 1505. D．The last dodo bird was killed by its natural enemies in 1681. 3. The underlined word “extinct” means “_________”. A．死亡的 B．减少的 C．灭绝的 D．再生的 4. Which of the following is NOT a reason why some animals are in danger? A．Some animals are too weak to live. B．Many animals were killed by humans. C．Some animals’ enemies were brought to their homes. D．People destroyed their homes. 5. This passage mainly tells us that _________. A．why some animals are in danger B．how to save endangered animals C．we must stop hunting to protect wild animals D．excessive hunting makes some animals in danger Passage 8 Winter is hard for most animals. So some birds and animals fly to the south. The groundhog (土拨鼠), however, deals with winter differently. As soon as it feels the weather turning cold, it starts to dig a hole at least five feet underground. There it makes a comfortable home with leaves and grass. It spends the cold winter months in its underground bed and it won’t wake up until spring. The groundhog doesn’t eat at all during the winter. Instead, it eats as much and as often as it can during the summer. As winter comes, the groundhog becomes so fat that it can hardly move. When it starts to feel sleepy, it goes back to the home and falls into a deep sleep. Its breathing almost stops, its heart slows to about four beats a minute and its body temperature falls to just above 0℃ during the sleep. When it wakes up in spring, its weight (重量) is only half of what it was in the fall. By February or March, it’s ready to leave its hole. So years ago, when science and technology was less developed, people often waited for the first groundhog to stick its head out above ground as it showed that spring was coming. This gave rise to a number of stories. One of them is about a groundhog called Phil. This animal could forecast (预测) the weather. Phil stuck his head out above ground and looked around every February 2nd. If he saw his shadow (影子), it meant that there would be an extended (延长的) winter of six weeks. If the weather was cloudy and he didn’t see his shadow, it meant spring would be early. 1. What can we know about the groundhog’s home during the winter? A．It’s usually in trees. B．There are leaves and grass in it. C．Its bed is five feet long. D．The groundhog digs it in summer. 2. What change will happen to the groundhog when sleeping in winter? A．It breathes more quickly. B．Its body temperature goes up. C．It becomes much thinner. D．Its heart beats faster and faster. 3. Why did people look forward to seeing the groundhog getting out of its home in the past? A．It was easier for them to catch it. B．There was much food in its home. C．It would bring good luck to see a groundhog. D．It was a sign that the winter was over. 4. Which of the following is the right order according to the text? ①The groundhog hibernates (冬眠). ②The groundhog leaves its hole next year. ③The groundhog digs a hole as its home. ④The groundhog eats as much and as often as it can in the summer. A．①③④② B．③①②④ C．④③①② D．③④①② 5. What can we infer from the text? A．Groundhogs are the laziest in summer. B．Groundhogs eat much during the winter. C．Groundhogs do exercise in winter. D．Groundhogs can be spring forecasters. Passage 9 Have you ever seen firefighters (消防员) put out the fire when a fire broke out in the forest? Now I’ll tell you something about smokejumpers (空降森林消防员) and let you know more about it. Smokejumpers are special firefighters. They jump from planes into areas that are difficult to reach by car or on foot, like the middle of a mountain forest. They race to put out fires as fast as they can. At the scene of the fire, smokejumpers first check the land and decide how to fight the fire. They try their best to stop a fire from spreading (蔓延). Using their tools, smokejumpers clear the land of flammable things like dry grass and leaves (叶子). They usually carry some water with them. In the USA, although most smokejumpers are men, more women are joining. The important thing is that their height and weight must be within a certain range (范围). For example, smokejumpers in the USA must be between 120 and 200 pounds, so they don’t get hurt when they land, or get blown by strong winds. Smokejumpers must also be able to live in the wilderness. In Russia, many smokejumpers know how to find food in the forest and make simple tools. The work is dangerous, and the hours are long. But for smokejumpers, smokejumping isn’t just a job. They love being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest. As a 28-year-old Russian smokejumper, Alexi Tishin says, “This is the best job for brave people.” 1. How do smokejumpers go to the scene of the fire? A．On foot. B．By train. C．By plane. D．By car. 2. The underlined word “flammable” in Paragraph 3 means “______” in Chinese. A．会动的 B．可燃的 C．易活的 D．可用的 3. As for smokejumpers in the USA, ______. A．they don’t think their work is dangerous B．most of them are under 28 years old C．they have proper height and weight D．there are no women smokejumpers 4. What can we know about Alexi Tishin? A．He loves his job. B．He is American. C．He works short hours. D．He lives in the wilderness all year round. 5. The writer writes the passage mainly to ______. A．encourage more people to become smokejumpers B．tell people how to become a smokejumper C．share his experience as a smokejumper D．let people know more about smokejumpers Passage 10 Rivers are one of our most important natural resources（自然资源）. Many of the world’s great cities are located on rivers, and almost every country has at least one river flowing through it that plays an important part in the lives of its people. Since the beginning of history, people have used rivers for transportation. The longest one in the United States is the Mississippi. The lifeline（生命线）of Egypt is the Nile. To the people of India, the Ganges is great, but it is also important for transportation. Ships can travel along it for a thousand miles. Other great rivers are the Congo in Africa and the Mekong in southeast Asia. The greatest of all for navigation（航海）, however, is the Amazon in Brazil. It is so wide and so deep that large ships can go about two thousand miles upon it. Besides transportation, rivers give food, water to drink, water for crops, and chances for fun and recreation for the people who live along their banks. In order to increase the supply of water for crops, engineers sometimes build a dam（大坝）across a river and let a lake form behind the dam. Then people can use the water not only to irrigate（灌溉）their fields but also to make electricity for their homes and industries. However, large cities and industries that are located upon rivers often make problems. As the cities grow in size and industries increase in number, the water in the rivers becomes polluted with chemicals and other materials. People are learning the importance, however, of doing more to keep their rivers clean if they want to enjoy the benefits（利益）of this natural resource. 1. The greatest river for navigation is ________. A．the Amazon B．the Nile C．the Mekong D．the Mississippi 2. Which is WRONG? A．The Nile is in India. B．Almost every country has at least one important river. C．Many cities are located on rivers. D．Rivers play an important part in the lives of people. 3. From a dam, people can use the water for ________. A．keeping the rivers clean B．only making electricity C．washing clothes D．irrigation and making electricity 4. The water in the river is polluted because of ________. A．people’s drinking water too much B．people’s swimming in the river too much C．chemicals and other materials D．people’s building a dam across a river 5. The best title of the passage is ________. A．Rivers in Cities B．The Importance of Rivers C．Transportation D．Natural Resources 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11 Frog jumping was famous for the short story The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County. Mark Twain wrote the short story in 1865. It was his first great success as a writer. Later, the Frog Jumping Competition began in 1928. In the Frog Jumping Competition, frogs jump some distance. Each frog can jump three times. The frog that jumps the longest distance becomes the winner. What is the present for the winning frog? Well, the winning frog and its owner can write their names on a brass plaque(铜胸章). The competition begins on the third weekend of every May in Calaveras. In 2017, it started on May 19 and ended on May 22. There were thousands of frogs from all over the world competing in the competition. About 50 frogs entered the final. At last, Morgan Kitchell’s frog became the big winner. Morgan Kitchell comes from a village. Her family does well in the Frog Jumping Competition for many years. Her frog “Ribbit This” jumped 20 feet(英尺)，two and 3/4 inches(英寸). However, the jump is still under the record-breaking(破记录的) jumping of 21 feet, five and 3/4 inches by Lee Giudici’s frog “Rosie the Ribiter” in 1986. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1. ________ makes Mark Twain a famous writer. A．A frog named Ribbit This B．The Frog Jumping Competition C．The story The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County D．A frog named Rosie the Ribiter 2. The underlined word “distance” means “________” in the text. A．高度 B．距离 C．宽度 D．深度 3. The competition begins on ________ every year. A．May 19th B．the 3rd weekend of May C．May 22nd D．the 2nd weekend of May 4. The frog ________ got the record-breaking jumping in 1986. A．Ribbit This B．Lee Giudici C．Morgan Kitchell D．Rosie the Ribiter 5. What is the best title for this passage? A．Frogs Jump Long B．Practice Makes Perfect C．Frog Jumping Compettion D．The Great Writer Mark Twain Passage 12 Tanzania（坦桑尼亚）is a country which has a lot of animals, such as gnus（角马）, lions, cheetahs（猎豹）, elephants, giraffes and crocodiles. Every year, many people in the world travel to this African country to watch the animals closely. But do you know how they travel? By bus—This is the most common way. When people get on a bus, they’ll find that the bus is a little strange. It is different from the buses we often see. There are no big windows at all, but some small windows. And it looks like a cage. What is it used for? Oh, people can use it to watch animals, especially those dangerous animals, and take photos. We know that people are most interested in lions. So when two buses meet, the drivers will stop and ask each other whether they have found lions. By boat—We can often see many people are on a boat, enjoying the beautiful scene along a river or a lake, and they can also enjoy hippos（河马）and crocodiles from a nearer distance. By hot-air balloon（热气球）—In the early morning, when the sun is beginning to rise, a large hot-air balloon is also starting its journey. Taking a hot-air balloon makes most of the travelers excited. After some time, the balloon will land in a certain place, and the waiters will serve people a delicious and special breakfast. But the cost of taking a hot-air balloon is also very high. A person should pay 400 dollars for an hour’s trip. 1. Which is the most common way of traveling in Tanzania? A．By bus. B．By plane. C．By boat. D．By hot-air balloon. 2. The bus is a little strange because _________. A．it has no doors B．it looks like a cage C．people can take photos D．it has no driver 3. If you want to watch hippos carefully, you’d better _________. A．take a bus B．take a hot-air balloon C．be on a boat D．swim in the river 4. Which one is NOT right? A．Tanzania is an African country. B．Many people go to Tanzania for traveling. C．Taking a hot-air balloon for a whole morning will cost 400 dollars. D．The different traveling ways can make people happy. 5. Which one can be the best title? A．Different animals in Tanzania B．The ways of traveling in Tanzania C．Why do we take a bus to travel? D．The beautiful country—Tanzania Passage 13 In Africa, on the border(边界) of Zimbabwe and Zambia, sits one of the world’s largest waterfalls(瀑布), Victoria Falls. It is more than a kilometer long and more than a hundred meters high. The water of the waterfall comes from the Zambezi River. The Zambezi River is the fourth largest river in Africa, running over 1, 600 miles from its source(源头) to the sea. Along the way, it passes through the countries of Zambia, Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Between the border of Zimbabwe and Zambia, the river plunges(骤降) more than 350 feet. The waterfall has a rainy season and a dry season. The best time to visit it is in June and July. During the dry season from late August to October, you can walk across the top of the falls. People swim at the top of the falls. There is a natural swimming pool known as the Devil’s Pool. Elephants, birds and other animals come to the river and the falls during this season. During the rainy season, from November to April, 300,000 gallons(加仑) of water pour over the falls every second(秒). There is so much water and mist(薄雾) that it’s hard to see the falls. The river and the falls can be very dangerous during this season. 1. From Paragraph 1, we know Victoria Falls are ________. A．in Zambia B．in Zimbabwe C．one of the largest waterfalls in the world D．one of the highest waterfalls in the world 2. How many countries does the Zambezi River pass through? A．5. B．6. C．7. D．8. 3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The Zambezi River plunges less than 300 feet. B．There are no animals in the dry season. C．The falls will be dangerous during the rainy season. D．300,000 gallons of water pour over the falls in a week. 4. What is the best title for the passage? A．Different Falls in Different Seasons B．One of the Largest Waterfall—Victoria Falls C．The Amazing River in Africa D．The Source of Victoria Falls Passage 14 Once upon a time, there was a spider with the name Anansi. He knew that he was very clever but he also knew he wasn’t wise (英明的). He didn’t like this, but he didn’t know what to do. One day he had an idea. He went around the village with a basket and asked each person to give him some of their wisdom (智慧). The people laughed at Anansi because they knew that he needed wisdom the most. So each person put a bit in his basket and wished him good luck. Soon his basket was full, but Anansi was worried that his neighbors might be jealous (嫉妒的) of his wisdom and take it from him. He decided to hide it at the top of a tall tree. When he had tied the basket to the front part of his body, he tried to climb the tree, but it was too difficult. He tried again and again without success. Then his youngest son walked by. “What are you doing, Dad?” he asked and Anansi told him. “Why don’t you carry the basket on your back instead?” his son said. Anansi put the basket on his back and climbed the tree easily, but he wasn’t happy. “I walked all over the village and collected so much wisdom that I am the wisest person ever, but my baby son is still wiser than me. Take back your wisdom!” he said. And he threw the basket of wisdom into the air and went home. And that’s how wisdom went all over the world. 1. Anansi went around the village because________. A．he knew he was very clever B．he wanted to show his good luck C．he hoped to meet his son D．he thought he wasn’t wise enough 2. Anansi wanted to get his wisdom from ________. A．his son B．his father C．the villagers D．the neighbors 3. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to (指的是) ________. A．the tree B．the baby C．the luck D．the wisdom 4. The passage above is ________. A．a report B．a story C．an advertisement D．a diary 5. The best title for the passage would be ________. A．Anansi’s Wisdom B．The Wisdom of Anansi’s Son C．Anansi and His Son D．Anansi and the Villagers Passage 15 As a mountain, 1,642-foot squad Peak isn’t that impressive (给人深刻印象的). But its views attract many hikers (远足者). Hear Grant, a college student at Ithaca College, was one of them. While waiting for his mother one day in August 2019, Grant watched other hikers enjoy the view. One hiker, dressed in pink, was looking over the lip of the cliff (悬崖) with her husband. When Grant’s mother rejoined (与……再会合) him, the two continued on their way. Suddenly, he heard something scaring. “Paula! Paula!” a man shouted crazily. Grant turned around quickly. Several hikers immediately started looking for her, but their view was screened by trees. Uncertain they could help, Grant and his mother headed down the trail (小路). But when he saw some hikers still searching, he decided to lend a hand. After promising his mother that he would be safe, he went on alone. After 15 minutes of climbing over large rocks, pushing past bushes, and slipping (滑) down loose earth, Grant found a pink figure. The woman had fallen about 75 feet. Luckily, she was alive (活着的). “Paula! Paula!” Grant shouted. The woman didn’t reply. She was badly hurt. Grant called the police to report her location (位置). She kept trying to move, and every time she moved, she slipped a little more. Afraid that in her unclear state of mind she might fall off the rock to her death, Grant climbed on all fours up a tight and narrow path by digging into the earth with his fingers and feet until he reached Paula. Paula was moaning (呻吟), almost senseless. Grant gently put her hand in his, trying to keep her mind off the pain by keeping asking her questions: “Where are you from? Do you have kids?” Soon, they were joined on their perch (歇脚处) by another hiker named Simon. About 45 minutes later, the first rescuers (救援者) arrived. Paula and her husband were flown to a hospital. Five hours after the woman in pink had fallen, Grant was back on top of squad Peak. 1. Which sentence should go in the empty box in Paragraph 3? A．He ran as fast as possible to save Paula. B．His mother turned around at the same time. C．The woman in pink was nowhere to be seen. D．Other hikers were scared by the terrible shout. 2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Grant had no difficulty in reaching Paula. B．Simon and Grant’s mother joined in saving Paula. C．Paula and her husband were both badly wounded and saved. D．Grant asked Paula questions to keep her mind off the pain. 3. Choose the right order according to the passage. ① Grant found Paula and Paula was hurt badly.    ② Paula fell off the cliff. ③ Grant called the police for help.               ④ Paula was saved by rescuers. A．①③②④ B．②①③④ C．②①④③ D．③②①④ 4. What does the passage mainly talk about? A．How a woman fell 75 feet form a mountain cliff. B．How a young man tried his best to save a stranger. C．How a woman managed to survive a terrible accident. D．How a young man made a decision in the face of danger. 八年级下册 单元话题 梯度训练 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$专题-J871阅读理解 初中英语八年级下册 题型特训 Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world? 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 Giant PandasWhere they live: Mainly in Sichuan, also in Shanxi and Gansu. Why they are in danger: They don’t have enough food. They don’t give birth to many babies. Fun facts: A new baby panda is as small as a mouse. Pandas spend almost the whole day eating. But they only take in 20% of what they eat. Pandas poop (排便) over 12 times a day. Pandas have been on the earth for about 3 million years. Siberian Tigers (东北虎)Where they live: Northeastern China and Russia. Why they are in danger: People hunt them and destory their habitat (栖息地). Baby tigers are weak and often die early. Fun facts: A father tiger always leaves his family without saying goodbye. Then the mother tiger takes care of the babies. She is very careful. She hides her babies when she goes out hunting, and takes a different way home. 1．Where do giant pandas live? A．In Sichuan and Guangdong. B．In Shanxi and Guangxi. C．In Northeastern China and Russia. D．In Sichuan, Shanxi and Gansu. 2．Which animal is as small as a new baby panda? A． B． C． D． 3．How many times do pandas poop a day? A．Three times. B．Ten times. C．More than 12 times. D．Over 20 times. 4．Where do Siberian Tigers live? A．In Southeastern China and Russia. B．In Northeastern China and Russia. C．In China and Northeastern Russia. D．In China and Southeastern Russia. 5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Giant pandas have enough food. B．Baby tigers are very strong. C．A father tiger always hides his babies when he goes out hunting. D．The mother tiger takes care of the baby tigers. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了大熊猫和东北虎的一些信息，包括它们住在哪里以及他们面临的威胁等。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“Mainly in Sichuan, also in Shanxi and Gansu.”可知，大熊猫居住在四川，山西和甘肃。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文中“A new baby panda is as small as a mouse.”可知，新生的熊猫宝宝和老鼠一样小。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文中“Pandas poop over 12 times a day. ”可知，在一天中，熊猫大便次数超过12次。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据文中“Northeastern China and Russia.”可知，东北虎居住在中国的东北部和俄罗斯。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据文中“Then the mother tiger takes care of the babies. ”可知，老虎妈妈照顾小老虎们。故选D。 Passage 2 Coronado was born in 1953. Scientists saw the birth of this island. It began at 6: 30 a.m. on 14th November. A fishing boat was near Iceland. The boat moved under the captain’s（船长）feet. He noticed a strange smell. He saw some black smoke. A volcano（火山）was breaking out. Red-hot rocks, fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom（底部）of the sea. The island grew quickly. It was 10 meters high the next day and 60 meters high on 18th November. Scientists flew there to watch. It was exciting. Smoke and fire were still rushing up. Pieces of red-hot rock were flying into the air and falling into the sea. The sea was boiling and there was a strange light in the sky. Coronado grew and grew. Then it stopped in June 1957. It was 175 meters high and 2 kilometers long. And life was already coming to Coronado. Plants grew. Birds came. Some scientists built a house. They want to learn about this young island. A new island is like a new world. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1. Coronado is ________. A．an island not far from Iceland B．a new volcano C．a fishing boat D．a place in Iceland 2. Scientists flew there ________. A．to watch the birth of the island B．to save the fishing boat C．to learn about the island D．to build a house 3. When did scientist fly there to watch? A．Before the volcano broke out. B．As soon as the volcano broke out. C．About four days after the volcano broke out. D．After the volcano stopped rushing up. 4. Put the following sentences in correct order. a. The captain found the boat was moving. b. A new island appeared in the sea. c. Fire, smoke and rocks were seen rushing up. d. A fishing boat was near Iceland. e. The island grew quickly. A．d—a—c—b—e B．a—b—c—d—e C．a—b—e—c—d D．b—e—d—a—c 5. The best title of this article is ________. A．A new island B．The birth of an island C．A new world D．Scientists discovered Coronado 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了科罗纳多岛屿在火山爆发之下是如何形成的，并且科学家见证了它的形成。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Coronado was born in 1953. Scientists saw the birth of this island.”可知科罗纳多是座岛屿。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据“Scientists flew there to watch...Coronado grew and grew.”可知，科学家们飞往那里观看科罗纳多岛的诞生。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据“It began at 6: 30 a.m. on 14th November.”及“It was 10 meters high the next day and 60 meters high on 18th November. Scientists flew there to watch.”可知，火山于1月14日上午6: 30开始爆发，1月18日科学家到达那里，故可推断，科学家在火山爆发大约四天后飞到那里观看的。故选C。 4. 细节理解题。通读全文可知，下列句子的正确顺序是A fishing boat was near Iceland.；The boat moved under the captain’s（船长）feet.；A volcano（火山）was breaking out. Red-hot rocks, fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom（底部）of the sea.；The island grew quickly.正确顺序是：d—a—c—b—e。故选A。 5. 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了科罗纳多岛屿在火山爆发之下是如何形成的。故选B。 Passage 3 There are places in North America where great cities once stood. There were gardens, trees and grass. But now these places are like deserts. Scientists began to study this land to find out what had happened. Many of them believe the land died when the trees were cut down. Trees help other plants grow. Tree roots (树根) hold the soil in place. They keep the wind from blowing away the soil. Leaves on the ground keep rainwater from running off. Trees near farms can help to stop strong winds. Once there were hundreds of farms in the northwest of the US. Then the farms turned into fields of dry land. This was because few trees grow there. Now we try to save trees. In many places, when a tree is cut down, a new tree is planted in its place. We don’t want the land to die. 1. Places where great cities stood are now like ________. A．forests B．deserts C．farms D．gardens 2. The underlined word “its” means ________. A．the old tree’s B．the new tree’s C．the place’s D．the land’s 3. Why are trees important? A．Because they turn fields into dry land. B．Because they help other plants grow. C．Because they help strong winds blow. D．Because they keep rainwater running off. 4. What does the text tell us? A．Farms are better than cities. B．There are no deserts in America. C．Lands will die without trees. D．All the trees are cut down. 5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．You can’t find any trees or grass in North America. B．Trees help us live a life as we are living now. C．Trees grow only in the deserts. D．Trees can blow soil away. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，作者阐述了树木的重要性以及没有树木土地就会死掉。 1. 细节理解题。根据原文“There are places in North America where great cities once stood. There were gardens, trees and grass. But now these places are like deserts”可知，有些地方曾经是伟大的城市，但现在这些地方就像沙漠。故选B。 2. 词句猜测题。根据原文“when a tree is cut down, a new tree is planted in its place”可知，此处“its place”指的是旧树所在的位置。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据原文“Trees help other plants grow”可知，树木会帮助其他植物生长。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据原文“Then the farms turned into fields of dry land. This was because few trees grow there”可知，没有树木之后，土地就死了。故选C。 5. 推理判断题。根据原文“Now we try to save trees. In many places, when a tree is cut down, a new tree is planted in its place. We don’t want the land to die”可知，树被砍伐之后，土地就死亡了。由此可推断树木的存在维持了当地的生态，帮助我们维持着现有的生活。故选B。 Passage 4 Do you know why different animals or pests (害虫) have their special colors? Colors in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves. Some birds like eating locusts (蝗虫). But birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colors together with the change of the colors of crops. When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color as crops have. Some other pests with different colors from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night. If you study the animal life, you’ll find the main use of coloring is protecting themselves. Bears, tigers and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be seen by hunters. This is because they have the colors much like the trees. Have you ever noticed an even stranger act? An octopus (章鱼) can send out a kind of very black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over, the enemies cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it isn’t strong at all. 1. From the passage we learn that locusts ________. A．are small animals B．are easily found by birds C．are dangerous to their enemies D．change their colors to protect themselves 2. How can pests with different colors from plants keep out of danger? A．They run away quickly. B．Their colors are like their enemies’. C．They hide themselves in the day and appear at night. D．They have to move quietly. 3. Bears and tigers can keep safe because they ________. A．have the colors much like the trees B．move quickly C．like brown and grey colors D．live in forests 4. An octopus lives up to now because ________. A．it is very big and strong B．the liquid it sends out helps it escape from its enemies C．the liquid it sends out can kill its enemies D．it swims faster than any other fish 5. Which is the BEST title for this passage? A．The Changes of Colors for Animals and Pests B．Colors of Different Animals and Pests C．The Main Use of Colors for Animals and Pests D．Some Animals and Pests 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 【导语】本文主要介绍的是颜色在动物们保护自身安全方面的主要用途。 1. 细节理解题。根据“It is because locusts change their colors together with the change of the colors of crops”可知，蝗虫随庄稼颜色的变化而改变自身的颜色，这是它们之所以存活的主要原因。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据“So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night.”可知，那些自身颜色不同于庄稼颜色的昆虫为了保护自己，只在晚上出没。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据“This is because they have the colors much like the trees.”可知，熊和老虎因为自身颜色与树木颜色接近才得以保护自己。故选A。 4. 细节理解题。根据“An octopus (章鱼) can send out a kind of very black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over, the enemies cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it isn’t strong at all.”可知，章鱼之所以存活至今是因为它可以释放出黑色液体，借机逃脱。故选B。 5. 最佳标题题。本文主要讨论的是颜色在动物们保护自身安全方面的主要用途。因此选项C“动物和害虫的颜色的主要用途”为最佳标题。故选C。 Passage 5 The Big Stone River is one of the most amazing stone rivers in the world. The Big Stone River is the most interesting sight (景象) of Taganai Park in Russia. Different from other rivers, it is filled with rocks and stones. Not a drop of water can be seen. Interestingly, as one comes near to the rocky river, the sound of running water can be hear rocks fell down from the mountains slowly and made the river of rocks. The Big Stone River is about 6 km long and is made up of many small rocky rivers. It cuts through a thick forest like a real river. It is about 200 meters wide and in some places, it is up to 700 meters wide. Some of the rocks weigh up to 10 tons each and the layer (层) of rocks goes down 6 meters deep. Scientists believe it is the consequence of the movement of glaciers (冰川) about 10,000 years ago. At that time, ice covered the top of the mountains. As time went by, the ice turned into water. The Seeing the amazing river is a great experience. The best way to experience this natural wonder is from above. Come and visit it when you come to Russia. 1. Why is the Big Stone River special? A．Because it is in Taganai Park. B．Because it is full of fish. C．Because it is impossible to see water there. D．Because the sound of running water is loud. 2. How wide is the widest part of the Big Stone River? A．6 meters. B．200 meters. C．700 meters. D．6,000 meters. 3. What does the underlined word “consequence” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Reason. B．Result. C．End. D．Beginning. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The Big Stone River is the only stone river in the world. B．The Big Stone River is a real river through a thick forest. C．The Big Stone River is made up of some big rocky rivers. D．Enjoying the Big Stone River from a higher place is the best way. 5. What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Big Stone River B．A Very Amazing Stone C．An Unforgettable Experience D．A Running River 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了俄罗斯的石头河。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Different from other rivers, it is filled with rocks and stones. Not a drop of water can be seen.”可知，与其他河流不同的是，它充满了岩石和石块，一滴水也看不见。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据“It is about 200 meters wide and in some places, it is up to 700 meters wide.”可知，在某些地方，它的宽度可达700米。故选C。 3. 词句猜测题。根据“Scientists believe it is the consequence of the movement of glaciers (冰川) about 10,000 years ago.”可知，科学家认为这是大约一万年前冰川运动的结果。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据“The best way to experience this natural wonder is from above.”可知，最佳观赏位置是在高处。故选D。 5. 最佳标题题。文章通篇在介绍俄罗斯的石头河，故最佳标题为“The Big Stone River”。故选A。 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 Every year hundreds of people try to climb the world’s highest mountain or walk through rainforests (雨林). Let’s take a look at two of the 21st century’s (世纪的) greatest adventurers (冒险家). A mountain climber Do you know that more than 4,000 people have climbed Qomolangma so far? Gerlinde is one of them. She is one of the world’s greatest climbers and has climbed all the mountains over 8,000 meters in the world. It’s difficult to climb mountains in cold weather, but Gerlinde loves it. She started climbing the mountains near her home as a teenager. When she left school, she became a nurse but always went climbing no matter when she has free time. An Amazon adventurer Ed Stafford is the first person to walk along the Amazon River from the mountains of Peru to the mouth of the river in Brazil. It took him two years and four months to finish the journey. There are many dangerous animals in the rainforest. But Ed was lucky and he was only bitten (咬) by small insects (昆虫). On his trip, Ed had to look for fruit or catch fish each morning. Sometimes food was hard to find and Ed was often tired and hungry. So he used a radio to ask the people of the rainforest for food and help. 1. What does the underlined word “it” refer to (指的是)? A．To climb all the mountains in the world. B．To climb Qomolangma. C．To be the world’s greatest climber. D．To climb mountains in cold weather. 2. What can we know from Ed’s journey? A．It was very dangerous. B．It was cold in the rainforest. C．It was easy to find food. D．It took four years and two months. 3. Ed might NOT see ________ in the rainforest. A．people B．fruit C．snakes D．insects 4. Which of the following is TRUE? A．Ed was once bitten by snakes on his trip to Amazon River. B．Gerlinde is the first person to climb Qomolangma in the world. C．More than 4,000 people climb Qomolangma every year. D．Gerlinde has climbed all the mountains over 8,000 meters. 5. What can we know about the two persons’ personalities according to the passage? A．Brave and childish. B．Proud and kind. C．Careful and hard-working. D．Brave and adventurous (爱冒险的). 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. D 【导语】本文讲述了两个21世纪最伟大的冒险家。 1. 词句猜测题。根据“It’s difficult to climb mountains in cold weather, but Gerlinde loves it.”可知it指代在寒冷的天气里爬山。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据“There are many dangerous animals in the rainforest.”可知他的旅程很危险，故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据“But Ed was lucky and he was only bitten (咬) by small insects”、“Ed had to look for fruit or catch fish each morning”以及“he used a radio to ask the people of the rainforest for food and help”可知在雨林中有小昆虫、水果和人，没有提到蛇。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据“She is one of the world’s greatest climbers and has climbed all the mountains over 8,000 meters in the world.”可知她是世界上最伟大的登山者之一，攀登过世界上所有超过8000米的山。故选D。 5. 推理判断题。本文讲述了两个21世纪最伟大的冒险家。因此这两位都是勇敢而富有冒险精神的，故选D。 Passage 7 What do the following animals have in common (相同)? Pandas, tigers, whales, lions and camels? They are all in danger! Animals are in danger for many reasons. Sadly, humans are behind them! Here are three reasons. Excessive hunting (过度猎杀): For centuries, humans have hunted elephants for their tusks, killed tigers for their fur, and caught many other animals for meat. Foreign animals: In 1505, Europeans discovered a beautiful island in the Indian Ocean named Mauritius. They brought dogs, pigs, monkeys, and rats with them. It was bad news for dodo birds. They did not have any natural enemies before. They picked up fruits falling down from trees and built their houses on the ground. Shortly after humans came, however, dodo birds were in big trouble — man killed them for their meat, and those animals broke their homes and ate their eggs. The dodo birds first became rare and then extinct. The last dodo bird was killed in 1681. Loss of homes: We cut down forest for farming. We cut down trees to build houses. We build dams to make sure that we have enough water to use. When we are trying to make our lives comfortable, the land for animals to live on becomes less and less. 1. Pandas, tigers, whales, lions and camels are all___________. A．dangerous animals B．animals in danger C．useful animals D．animals living everywhere 2. Which of the following is NOT true about dodo birds? A．Dodo birds lived in Mauritius. B．Dodo birds became rare because of humans. C．Dodo birds didn’t have any natural enemies before 1505. D．The last dodo bird was killed by its natural enemies in 1681. 3. The underlined word “extinct” means “_________”. A．死亡的 B．减少的 C．灭绝的 D．再生的 4. Which of the following is NOT a reason why some animals are in danger? A．Some animals are too weak to live. B．Many animals were killed by humans. C．Some animals’ enemies were brought to their homes. D．People destroyed their homes. 5. This passage mainly tells us that _________. A．why some animals are in danger B．how to save endangered animals C．we must stop hunting to protect wild animals D．excessive hunting makes some animals in danger 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. A 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些动物濒危的原因。 1. 细节理解题。根据“What do the following animals have in common? Pandas, tigers, whales, lions and camels? They are all in danger!”可知熊猫、老虎、鲸鱼、狮子和骆驼都是濒危动物。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据“They did not have any natural enemies before.”和“Shortly after humans came, however, dodo birds were in big trouble — man killed them for their meat, and those animals broke their homes and ate their eggs. The dodo birds first became rare and then extinct. The last dodo bird was killed in 1681.”可知渡渡鸟没有天敌，渡渡鸟变得稀有然后灭绝是因为人类，由此推出最后一只渡渡鸟应不是死于天敌。D项错误。故选D。 3. 词义猜测题。根据“The last dodo bird was killed in 1681.”可知渡渡鸟死完了，extinct意为“灭绝的”。故选C。 4. 细节理解题。通读全文可知文中并未提到“一些动物太弱而无法生存”，这不是动物濒危的原因，A项错误。故选A。 5. 主旨大意题。根据“Animals are in danger for many reasons. Sadly, humans are behind them! Here are three reasons.”及全文内容可知本文主要告诉我们一些动物濒危的原因。故选A。 Passage 8 Winter is hard for most animals. So some birds and animals fly to the south. The groundhog (土拨鼠), however, deals with winter differently. As soon as it feels the weather turning cold, it starts to dig a hole at least five feet underground. There it makes a comfortable home with leaves and grass. It spends the cold winter months in its underground bed and it won’t wake up until spring. The groundhog doesn’t eat at all during the winter. Instead, it eats as much and as often as it can during the summer. As winter comes, the groundhog becomes so fat that it can hardly move. When it starts to feel sleepy, it goes back to the home and falls into a deep sleep. Its breathing almost stops, its heart slows to about four beats a minute and its body temperature falls to just above 0℃ during the sleep. When it wakes up in spring, its weight (重量) is only half of what it was in the fall. By February or March, it’s ready to leave its hole. So years ago, when science and technology was less developed, people often waited for the first groundhog to stick its head out above ground as it showed that spring was coming. This gave rise to a number of stories. One of them is about a groundhog called Phil. This animal could forecast (预测) the weather. Phil stuck his head out above ground and looked around every February 2nd. If he saw his shadow (影子), it meant that there would be an extended (延长的) winter of six weeks. If the weather was cloudy and he didn’t see his shadow, it meant spring would be early. 1. What can we know about the groundhog’s home during the winter? A．It’s usually in trees. B．There are leaves and grass in it. C．Its bed is five feet long. D．The groundhog digs it in summer. 2. What change will happen to the groundhog when sleeping in winter? A．It breathes more quickly. B．Its body temperature goes up. C．It becomes much thinner. D．Its heart beats faster and faster. 3. Why did people look forward to seeing the groundhog getting out of its home in the past? A．It was easier for them to catch it. B．There was much food in its home. C．It would bring good luck to see a groundhog. D．It was a sign that the winter was over. 4. Which of the following is the right order according to the text? ①The groundhog hibernates (冬眠). ②The groundhog leaves its hole next year. ③The groundhog digs a hole as its home. ④The groundhog eats as much and as often as it can in the summer. A．①③④② B．③①②④ C．④③①② D．③④①② 5. What can we infer from the text? A．Groundhogs are the laziest in summer. B．Groundhogs eat much during the winter. C．Groundhogs do exercise in winter. D．Groundhogs can be spring forecasters. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. D 【导语】本文主要介绍了土拨鼠的冬眠习性，以及人们如何通过土拨鼠的行为来预测春天的到来。 1. 细节理解题。根据“There it makes a comfortable home with leaves and grass.”可知，土拨鼠用树叶和草建造了一个舒适的家。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“When it wakes up in spring, its weight (重量) is only half of what it was in the fall.”可知，当它在春天醒来时，它的体重只有秋天时的一半。所以在冬眠时变瘦，故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据“So years ago, when science and technology was less developed, people often waited for the first groundhog to stick its head out above ground as it showed that spring was coming.”可知，人们经常等待第一只土拨鼠从地上伸出头来，因为它表明春天来了，即这是冬天结束的标志。故选D。 4. 细节理解题。根据“As soon as it feels the weather turning cold, it starts to dig a hole at least five feet underground.”，“Instead, it eats as much and as often as it can during the summer.”，“When it starts to feel sleepy, it goes back to the home and falls into a deep sleep.”和“By February or March, it’s ready to leave its hole.”可知，土拨鼠在夏天尽可能多地吃东西，然后感觉到天气变冷开始挖洞，接着冬眠，最后在春天离开洞穴，所以正确的顺序是④③①②，故选C。 5. 推理判断题。根据“So years ago, when science and technology was less developed, people often waited for the first groundhog to stick its head out above ground as it showed that spring was coming.”可知，人们经常等待第一只土拨鼠从地上伸出头来，因为它表明春天来了，所以可以说土拨鼠是春天的预报员。故选D。 Passage 9 Have you ever seen firefighters (消防员) put out the fire when a fire broke out in the forest? Now I’ll tell you something about smokejumpers (空降森林消防员) and let you know more about it. Smokejumpers are special firefighters. They jump from planes into areas that are difficult to reach by car or on foot, like the middle of a mountain forest. They race to put out fires as fast as they can. At the scene of the fire, smokejumpers first check the land and decide how to fight the fire. They try their best to stop a fire from spreading (蔓延). Using their tools, smokejumpers clear the land of flammable things like dry grass and leaves (叶子). They usually carry some water with them. In the USA, although most smokejumpers are men, more women are joining. The important thing is that their height and weight must be within a certain range (范围). For example, smokejumpers in the USA must be between 120 and 200 pounds, so they don’t get hurt when they land, or get blown by strong winds. Smokejumpers must also be able to live in the wilderness. In Russia, many smokejumpers know how to find food in the forest and make simple tools. The work is dangerous, and the hours are long. But for smokejumpers, smokejumping isn’t just a job. They love being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest. As a 28-year-old Russian smokejumper, Alexi Tishin says, “This is the best job for brave people.” 1. How do smokejumpers go to the scene of the fire? A．On foot. B．By train. C．By plane. D．By car. 2. The underlined word “flammable” in Paragraph 3 means “______” in Chinese. A．会动的 B．可燃的 C．易活的 D．可用的 3. As for smokejumpers in the USA, ______. A．they don’t think their work is dangerous B．most of them are under 28 years old C．they have proper height and weight D．there are no women smokejumpers 4. What can we know about Alexi Tishin? A．He loves his job. B．He is American. C．He works short hours. D．He lives in the wilderness all year round. 5. The writer writes the passage mainly to ______. A．encourage more people to become smokejumpers B．tell people how to become a smokejumper C．share his experience as a smokejumper D．let people know more about smokejumpers 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些空降森林消防员这一职业的相关信息。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Smokejumpers are special firefighters. They jump from planes into areas that are difficult to reach by car or on foot, like the middle of a mountain forest.”可知，他们从飞机上跳到汽车或步行难以到达的地区。故选C。 2. 词句猜测题。根据“Using their tools, smokejumpers clear the land of flammable things like dry grass and leaves”可知，空降消防员利用工具清除土地上的干草和树叶等易燃物品。因此推测划线单词为“易燃的，可燃的”。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据“The important thing is that their height and weight must be within a certain range (范围).”可知，美国的空降消防员要有合适的身高和体重。故选C。 4. 细节理解题。根据“As a 28-year-old Russian smokejumper, Alexi Tishin says, ‘This is the best job for brave people.’”可知，Alexi Tishin很喜欢的他的工作。故选A。 5. 主旨大意题。根据“Now I’ll tell you something about smokejumpers (空降森林消防员) and let you know more about it.”可知，作者写这篇文章主要想让我们了解关于空降森林消防员的信息。故选D。 Passage 10 Rivers are one of our most important natural resources（自然资源）. Many of the world’s great cities are located on rivers, and almost every country has at least one river flowing through it that plays an important part in the lives of its people. Since the beginning of history, people have used rivers for transportation. The longest one in the United States is the Mississippi. The lifeline（生命线）of Egypt is the Nile. To the people of India, the Ganges is great, but it is also important for transportation. Ships can travel along it for a thousand miles. Other great rivers are the Congo in Africa and the Mekong in southeast Asia. The greatest of all for navigation（航海）, however, is the Amazon in Brazil. It is so wide and so deep that large ships can go about two thousand miles upon it. Besides transportation, rivers give food, water to drink, water for crops, and chances for fun and recreation for the people who live along their banks. In order to increase the supply of water for crops, engineers sometimes build a dam（大坝）across a river and let a lake form behind the dam. Then people can use the water not only to irrigate（灌溉）their fields but also to make electricity for their homes and industries. However, large cities and industries that are located upon rivers often make problems. As the cities grow in size and industries increase in number, the water in the rivers becomes polluted with chemicals and other materials. People are learning the importance, however, of doing more to keep their rivers clean if they want to enjoy the benefits（利益）of this natural resource. 1. The greatest river for navigation is ________. A．the Amazon B．the Nile C．the Mekong D．the Mississippi 2. Which is WRONG? A．The Nile is in India. B．Almost every country has at least one important river. C．Many cities are located on rivers. D．Rivers play an important part in the lives of people. 3. From a dam, people can use the water for ________. A．keeping the rivers clean B．only making electricity C．washing clothes D．irrigation and making electricity 4. The water in the river is polluted because of ________. A．people’s drinking water too much B．people’s swimming in the river too much C．chemicals and other materials D．people’s building a dam across a river 5. The best title of the passage is ________. A．Rivers in Cities B．The Importance of Rivers C．Transportation D．Natural Resources 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了河流的重要性。 1. 细节理解题。根据“The greatest of all for navigation（航海）, however, is the Amazon in Brazil. ”可知最大的航海河流是亚马孙河。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据“The lifeline（生命线）of Egypt is the Nile.”可知尼罗河在埃及，故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据“Then people can use the water not only to irrigate（灌溉）their fields but also to make electricity for their homes and industries.”可知从大坝，人们可以用水灌溉和发电。故选D。 4. 细节理解题。根据“As the cities grow in size and industries increase in number, the water in the rivers becomes polluted with chemicals and other materials”可知由于化学物质和其他物质，河水被污染了。故选C。 5. 最佳标题题。根据“Many of the world’s great cities are located on rivers, and almost every country has at least one river flowing through it that plays an important part in the lives of its people.”以及全文可知，本文主要介绍了河流的重要性。故选B。 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11 Frog jumping was famous for the short story The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County. Mark Twain wrote the short story in 1865. It was his first great success as a writer. Later, the Frog Jumping Competition began in 1928. In the Frog Jumping Competition, frogs jump some distance. Each frog can jump three times. The frog that jumps the longest distance becomes the winner. What is the present for the winning frog? Well, the winning frog and its owner can write their names on a brass plaque(铜胸章). The competition begins on the third weekend of every May in Calaveras. In 2017, it started on May 19 and ended on May 22. There were thousands of frogs from all over the world competing in the competition. About 50 frogs entered the final. At last, Morgan Kitchell’s frog became the big winner. Morgan Kitchell comes from a village. Her family does well in the Frog Jumping Competition for many years. Her frog “Ribbit This” jumped 20 feet(英尺)，two and 3/4 inches(英寸). However, the jump is still under the record-breaking(破记录的) jumping of 21 feet, five and 3/4 inches by Lee Giudici’s frog “Rosie the Ribiter” in 1986. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1. ________ makes Mark Twain a famous writer. A．A frog named Ribbit This B．The Frog Jumping Competition C．The story The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County D．A frog named Rosie the Ribiter 2. The underlined word “distance” means “________” in the text. A．高度 B．距离 C．宽度 D．深度 3. The competition begins on ________ every year. A．May 19th B．the 3rd weekend of May C．May 22nd D．the 2nd weekend of May 4. The frog ________ got the record-breaking jumping in 1986. A．Ribbit This B．Lee Giudici C．Morgan Kitchell D．Rosie the Ribiter 5. What is the best title for this passage? A．Frogs Jump Long B．Practice Makes Perfect C．Frog Jumping Compettion D．The Great Writer Mark Twain 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C 【导语】本文讲了青蛙跳的比赛，介绍了它的发展历史，及其近年的比赛情况等。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段内容“Frog jumping was famous for the short story The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County. Mark Twain wrote the short story in 1865. It was his first great success as a writer.”可知，《卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》这本书让他成为一个出名的作家。故选C。 2. 词义猜测题。由下文“Each frog can jump three times. The frog that jumps the longest distance becomes the winner.”可推知，哪只青蛙跳的“距离”最远，就会成为赢家，distance表示“距离”。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段内容“The competition begins on the third weekend of every May in Calaveras.”可知比赛是在每年五月的第三个周末。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容“However, the jump is still under the record-breaking(破记录的) jumping of 21 feet, five and 3/4 inches by Lee Giudici’s frog ‘Rosie the Ribiter’ in 1986.”可知，Rosie the Ribiter在1986年获得了破纪录的跳跃。故选D。 5. 最佳标题题。整篇文章讲的是青蛙跳的比赛，介绍了它的发展历史，及其近年的比赛情况。故选C。 Passage 12 Tanzania（坦桑尼亚）is a country which has a lot of animals, such as gnus（角马）, lions, cheetahs（猎豹）, elephants, giraffes and crocodiles. Every year, many people in the world travel to this African country to watch the animals closely. But do you know how they travel? By bus—This is the most common way. When people get on a bus, they’ll find that the bus is a little strange. It is different from the buses we often see. There are no big windows at all, but some small windows. And it looks like a cage. What is it used for? Oh, people can use it to watch animals, especially those dangerous animals, and take photos. We know that people are most interested in lions. So when two buses meet, the drivers will stop and ask each other whether they have found lions. By boat—We can often see many people are on a boat, enjoying the beautiful scene along a river or a lake, and they can also enjoy hippos（河马）and crocodiles from a nearer distance. By hot-air balloon（热气球）—In the early morning, when the sun is beginning to rise, a large hot-air balloon is also starting its journey. Taking a hot-air balloon makes most of the travelers excited. After some time, the balloon will land in a certain place, and the waiters will serve people a delicious and special breakfast. But the cost of taking a hot-air balloon is also very high. A person should pay 400 dollars for an hour’s trip. 1. Which is the most common way of traveling in Tanzania? A．By bus. B．By plane. C．By boat. D．By hot-air balloon. 2. The bus is a little strange because _________. A．it has no doors B．it looks like a cage C．people can take photos D．it has no driver 3. If you want to watch hippos carefully, you’d better _________. A．take a bus B．take a hot-air balloon C．be on a boat D．swim in the river 4. Which one is NOT right? A．Tanzania is an African country. B．Many people go to Tanzania for traveling. C．Taking a hot-air balloon for a whole morning will cost 400 dollars. D．The different traveling ways can make people happy. 5. Which one can be the best title? A．Different animals in Tanzania B．The ways of traveling in Tanzania C．Why do we take a bus to travel? D．The beautiful country—Tanzania 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了人们到坦桑尼亚旅游去看动物，选择不同的交通旅行方式会有不同的体验。 1. 细节理解题。根据“By bus—This is the most common way.”可知，最普通的方式就是乘公交车。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据“When people get on a bus, they’ll find that the bus is a little strange. It is different from the buses we often see. There are no big windows at all, but some small windows. And it looks like a cage.”可知，上了公交车后会有点奇怪，根本没有大的窗户，都是一些小窗户，像一个笼子。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据“By boat—We can often see many people are on a boat, enjoying the beautiful scene along a river or a lake, and they can also enjoy hippos and crocodiles from a nearer distance.”可知，欣赏河马和鳄鱼的表演最好是乘船。故选C。 4. 细节理解题。根据“But the cost of taking a hot-air balloon is also very high. A person should pay 400 dollars for an hour’s trip.”可知，热气球的花费很高。一个小时一个人花400美元，不是一整个早上花400美元。故选C。 5. 最佳标题题。根据第一段最后以及下面各个段落开头可知，本文介绍了在坦桑尼亚旅行的不同方式。故选B。 Passage 13 In Africa, on the border(边界) of Zimbabwe and Zambia, sits one of the world’s largest waterfalls(瀑布), Victoria Falls. It is more than a kilometer long and more than a hundred meters high. The water of the waterfall comes from the Zambezi River. The Zambezi River is the fourth largest river in Africa, running over 1, 600 miles from its source(源头) to the sea. Along the way, it passes through the countries of Zambia, Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Between the border of Zimbabwe and Zambia, the river plunges(骤降) more than 350 feet. The waterfall has a rainy season and a dry season. The best time to visit it is in June and July. During the dry season from late August to October, you can walk across the top of the falls. People swim at the top of the falls. There is a natural swimming pool known as the Devil’s Pool. Elephants, birds and other animals come to the river and the falls during this season. During the rainy season, from November to April, 300,000 gallons(加仑) of water pour over the falls every second(秒). There is so much water and mist(薄雾) that it’s hard to see the falls. The river and the falls can be very dangerous during this season. 1. From Paragraph 1, we know Victoria Falls are ________. A．in Zambia B．in Zimbabwe C．one of the largest waterfalls in the world D．one of the highest waterfalls in the world 2. How many countries does the Zambezi River pass through? A．5. B．6. C．7. D．8. 3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The Zambezi River plunges less than 300 feet. B．There are no animals in the dry season. C．The falls will be dangerous during the rainy season. D．300,000 gallons of water pour over the falls in a week. 4. What is the best title for the passage? A．Different Falls in Different Seasons B．One of the Largest Waterfall—Victoria Falls C．The Amazing River in Africa D．The Source of Victoria Falls 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了维多利亚瀑布。 1. 细节理解题。根据“In Africa, on the border(边界) of Zimbabwe and Zambia, sits one of the world’s largest waterfalls(瀑布), Victoria Falls.”可知，在非洲，津巴布韦和赞比亚的交界处，坐落着世界上最大的瀑布之一——维多利亚瀑布。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据“Along the way, it passes through the countries of Zambia, Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Mozambique.”可知，沿途经过赞比亚、安哥拉、纳米比亚、博茨瓦纳、津巴布韦和莫桑比克等国。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据“There is so much water and mist(薄雾) that it’s hard to see the falls. The river and the falls can be very dangerous during this season.”可知，在雨季，瀑布会很危险。故选C。 4. 最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了维多利亚瀑布，故选B。 Passage 14 Once upon a time, there was a spider with the name Anansi. He knew that he was very clever but he also knew he wasn’t wise (英明的). He didn’t like this, but he didn’t know what to do. One day he had an idea. He went around the village with a basket and asked each person to give him some of their wisdom (智慧). The people laughed at Anansi because they knew that he needed wisdom the most. So each person put a bit in his basket and wished him good luck. Soon his basket was full, but Anansi was worried that his neighbors might be jealous (嫉妒的) of his wisdom and take it from him. He decided to hide it at the top of a tall tree. When he had tied the basket to the front part of his body, he tried to climb the tree, but it was too difficult. He tried again and again without success. Then his youngest son walked by. “What are you doing, Dad?” he asked and Anansi told him. “Why don’t you carry the basket on your back instead?” his son said. Anansi put the basket on his back and climbed the tree easily, but he wasn’t happy. “I walked all over the village and collected so much wisdom that I am the wisest person ever, but my baby son is still wiser than me. Take back your wisdom!” he said. And he threw the basket of wisdom into the air and went home. And that’s how wisdom went all over the world. 1. Anansi went around the village because________. A．he knew he was very clever B．he wanted to show his good luck C．he hoped to meet his son D．he thought he wasn’t wise enough 2. Anansi wanted to get his wisdom from ________. A．his son B．his father C．the villagers D．the neighbors 3. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to (指的是) ________. A．the tree B．the baby C．the luck D．the wisdom 4. The passage above is ________. A．a report B．a story C．an advertisement D．a diary 5. The best title for the passage would be ________. A．Anansi’s Wisdom B．The Wisdom of Anansi’s Son C．Anansi and His Son D．Anansi and the Villagers 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A 【导语】本文讲述名叫Anansi的蜘蛛从村民那里收集一篮子智慧，在拿着篮子爬上树时却遇到了麻烦，于是他听从儿子的建议，把篮子放在背上，顺利爬上了树。蜘蛛原以为自己是最有智慧的，但他的儿子比他更聪明，于是发出感慨，把篮子扔向空中，这样就使得世界都充满了智慧。 1. 细节理解题。根据“He knew that he was very clever but he also knew he wasn’t wise (英明的)...He went around the village with a basket and asked each person to give him some of their wisdom (智慧).”可知，Anansi觉得自己不够智慧，去村里是为了让人们给他一些智慧。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据“He went around the village with a basket and asked each person to give him some of their wisdom (智慧).”可知，他是从村民那里获得智慧的。故选C。 3. 词义猜测题。根据“Soon his basket was full, but Anansi was worried that his neighbors might be jealous (嫉妒的) of his wisdom and take it from him.”可知，Anansi担心邻居会嫉妒他的智慧，把智慧拿走，因此“it”指的是上文的“wisdom”。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据全文可知，讲述了蜘蛛收集智慧，藏智慧和扔智慧的故事。故选B。 5. 最佳标题题。根据全文可知，讲述了蜘蛛收集智慧，藏智慧和扔智慧的故事，选项A“Anansi的智慧”符合文意。故选A。 Passage 15 As a mountain, 1,642-foot squad Peak isn’t that impressive (给人深刻印象的). But its views attract many hikers (远足者). Hear Grant, a college student at Ithaca College, was one of them. While waiting for his mother one day in August 2019, Grant watched other hikers enjoy the view. One hiker, dressed in pink, was looking over the lip of the cliff (悬崖) with her husband. When Grant’s mother rejoined (与……再会合) him, the two continued on their way. Suddenly, he heard something scaring. “Paula! Paula!” a man shouted crazily. Grant turned around quickly. Several hikers immediately started looking for her, but their view was screened by trees. Uncertain they could help, Grant and his mother headed down the trail (小路). But when he saw some hikers still searching, he decided to lend a hand. After promising his mother that he would be safe, he went on alone. After 15 minutes of climbing over large rocks, pushing past bushes, and slipping (滑) down loose earth, Grant found a pink figure. The woman had fallen about 75 feet. Luckily, she was alive (活着的). “Paula! Paula!” Grant shouted. The woman didn’t reply. She was badly hurt. Grant called the police to report her location (位置). She kept trying to move, and every time she moved, she slipped a little more. Afraid that in her unclear state of mind she might fall off the rock to her death, Grant climbed on all fours up a tight and narrow path by digging into the earth with his fingers and feet until he reached Paula. Paula was moaning (呻吟), almost senseless. Grant gently put her hand in his, trying to keep her mind off the pain by keeping asking her questions: “Where are you from? Do you have kids?” Soon, they were joined on their perch (歇脚处) by another hiker named Simon. About 45 minutes later, the first rescuers (救援者) arrived. Paula and her husband were flown to a hospital. Five hours after the woman in pink had fallen, Grant was back on top of squad Peak. 1. Which sentence should go in the empty box in Paragraph 3? A．He ran as fast as possible to save Paula. B．His mother turned around at the same time. C．The woman in pink was nowhere to be seen. D．Other hikers were scared by the terrible shout. 2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Grant had no difficulty in reaching Paula. B．Simon and Grant’s mother joined in saving Paula. C．Paula and her husband were both badly wounded and saved. D．Grant asked Paula questions to keep her mind off the pain. 3. Choose the right order according to the passage. ① Grant found Paula and Paula was hurt badly.    ② Paula fell off the cliff. ③ Grant called the police for help.               ④ Paula was saved by rescuers. A．①③②④ B．②①③④ C．②①④③ D．③②①④ 4. What does the passage mainly talk about? A．How a woman fell 75 feet form a mountain cliff. B．How a young man tried his best to save a stranger. C．How a woman managed to survive a terrible accident. D．How a young man made a decision in the face of danger. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，向我们介绍Grant尽力拯救陌生人的故事。 1. 推理判断题。根据“One hiker, dressed in pink, was looking over the lip of the cliff with her husband.”和“Several hikers immediately started looking for her”可推知，此处应该是描述穿粉色衣服的女士的状况，“那个穿粉红色衣服的女人不见了”符合语境，故选C。 2. 推理判断题。根据“Paula was moaning, almost senseless. Grant gently put her hand in his, trying to keep her mind off the pain by keeping asking her questions”可知，Grant不停地问她问题，试图让她忘记痛苦。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，正确的顺序是：Paula从悬崖上摔了下来——Grant发现Paula并且Paula受了重伤——Grant向警方求助——Paula被救援人员救了出来。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文向我们介绍Grant尽力拯救陌生人的故事。故选B。 八年级下册 单元话题 梯度训练 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$