内容正文:
第一编 贵州中考教材复习
八年级上册Unit 1
《架构中考》
2025贵州英语(课标)
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目
录
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回归教材·知识梳理
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1
词汇盘点·素养积累
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单元复习小测
考点综述
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词汇盘点·素养积累
Unit 1 Topic 1
1. during prep.在……期间
2. against prep.对着;反对
3. team n.队,组
4. win v.获胜,赢得
→winner n.获胜者;优胜者
5. cheer v.加油;欢呼,喝彩 n.欢呼声,喝彩声
→cheerful adj.快乐的;愉快的
短语:cheer … on 为……加油
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6. football n.足球运动;足球;橄榄球
7. practice v.& n.练习;实践
8. prefer v.更喜欢,宁愿(选择)
9. row v.划(船) n.一排,一行
10. quite adv.相当,很,十分
短语:quite a bit/a lot 很,非常
11. join v.加入,参加;连接
12. skate v.溜冰,滑冰;滑(滑板)
→skated(过去式)
→skating(现在分词)
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13. cycle v.骑自行车n.循环;周期
14. tennis n.网球
短语:table tennis乒乓球
15. player n.运动员;比赛者,选手
16. dream n.梦想;梦 v.做梦
→dreamt/dreamed(过去式)
→dreamer n.梦想家;做梦的人;不切实际的人
17. grow v.成长,生长;发育;种植;变成
短语:grow up长大成人,成长
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18. scientist n.科学家
→science n.科学
→scientific adj.科学的
19. future n.将来
短语:in the future今后
20. musician n.乐手,音乐家,乐师
→music n.音乐;乐曲
→musical adj.音乐的
21. pilot n.飞行员;驾驶员
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22. policeman(pl.-men) n.男警察
23. policewoman n.
(pl.-women) 女警察
24. postman(pl.-men)n. 邮递员,邮差
25. fisherman(pl.-men)n.渔民;钓鱼的人
26. jump v.& n.跳跃
短语:the high jump 跳高
the long jump 跳远
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27. spend v.花费(金钱、时间等);度过
→spent(过去式)
短语:spend …(in)doing sth.花时间做某事
28. exercise v.锻炼 n.锻炼;练习
29. baseball n.棒球
30. weekend n.周末
31. part n.部分;一些;片段
短语:take part in参加,加入
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32. health n.健康;保健
→healthy adj.健康的
→healthily adv.健康地
→unhealthy(反义词) adj.不健康的
→unhealthily adv.不健康地
33. popular adj.流行的,大众的,受欢迎的
→popularity n.普及;流行
34. world n.世界;地球
短语:all over the world 全世界
35. heart n.心脏,心
36. lung n.肺;肺脏
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37. healthy adj.健康的,健壮的
38. fit adj.健康的;适合的
v.(使)适合;安装
短语:keep fit/healthy保持健康
39. supper n.晚饭,晚餐
40. relax v.(使)放松,轻松
→relaxes(第三人称单数)
→relaxed adj.感到放松的
→relaxing adj.令人放松的
41. famous adj.著名的
42. teammate n.队友
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43. excited adj.激动的,兴奋的
→exciting adj.使人兴奋的;令人激动的
44. leave v.离开;把……留下,剩下 n.假期,休假
→left(过去式/过去分词)
→leaving(现在分词)
短语:leave for动身去某地
45. pity n.遗憾,可惜;同情,怜悯
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Unit 1 Topic 2
1. ill adj.有病的;不健康的
→illness n.病;疾病
短语:fall ill患病,病倒
2. mind v.介意;关心 n.思想,想法
3. kick v.踢,踹;踢腿
4. pass v.传球;传递;经过;推移;及格
5. certainly adv.当然,确定,肯定
6. somewhere adv.在某处
7. throw v.扔,投,掷
→threw(过去式)
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8. fight v.争论;打仗(架)
n.打仗(架),争论
→fought(过去式/过去分词)
→fighter n.战士;斗士;奋斗者
9. teamwork n.协同工作,配合
10. angry adj.发怒的,愤怒的,生气的
→angrily adv.发怒地;生气地
→anger n.怒火,怒气
短语:be angry with
对……生气
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11. nothing pron.无关紧要的东西;没有什么
12. finish v.完成,做好 n.最后部分,结尾,结局
13. grandpa n.(外)祖父,爷爷,外公
14. invent v.发明,创造
→invention n.发明;发明物
→inventor n.发明者,发明家;创造者
15. court n.球场,运动场;法庭
16. outdoors adv.在户外,在野外 n.郊野,露天
17. century n.世纪,百年
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18. indoor adj.室内的
19. become v.变得,变成
→became(过去式)
→become(过去分词)
→becoming(现在分词)
20. into prep.进入,到……里面
短语:come into being形成,产生
21. goal n.目标;进球得分,射门
22. through prep.穿过,贯穿
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23. side n.一边,一侧;一旁,侧面
24. basket n.(篮球运动的)篮;篮子
25. follow v.遵守规则;跟随;仿效;跟得上
短语:follow the rules 遵守规则
26. example n.例子,实例;样品
短语:for example例如,举例
27. hold v.抓住;举办;保持;包含
→held(过去式/过去分词)
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28. skill n.技艺;技能
29. as prep.作为,当作
adv.& conj.像……一样,如同;因为
30. than prep.(用以引出比较的第二部分)比
31. score v.& n.得分;进球
32. lover n.爱好者;热爱者
33. such pron.这样的,那样的,类似的
短语:so/such … that 如此……以至于
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34. cricket n.板球(运动)
35. main adj.主要的;最重要的
36. person n.人,个人
→personal adj.个人的;私人的
37. hero(pl. heroes) n.英雄,豪杰
38. cup n.杯子,杯
39. final adj.最终的,最后的 n.决赛
40. grass n.草坪;草地
41. point n.得分;观点,要点 v.(用手指头或物体)指
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42. hit v.击(球);碰撞
→hit(过去式/过去分词)
→hitting(现在分词)
43. bat n.球棒;球拍;蝙蝠
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Unit 1 Topic 3
1. exciting adj.令人激动的,使人兴奋的
2. hear v.听见,听到
3. shall modal v.……好吗?要不要……?
4. message n.信息;消息
5. theater n.剧场,戏院
6. line n.线;线条;电话线路
7. modern adj.现代的
8. motto n.箴言,格言
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9. ring n.环形物(如环,圈,戒指等);铃声 v.打电话;(钟、铃等)响
→rang(过去式)
→rung(过去分词)
10. symbol n.象征,标志
11. stand v.站立;位于;忍受,承受
短语:stand for代表,象征
12. least adv.最少,最少量 pron.最少的;程度最轻的
短语:at least至少,不少于
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13. nowadays adv.现今,现在
14. compete v.竞争,对抗
15. chance n.机会,机遇
16. host n.主办国(或城市、机构);主人 v.举办,主办;做主人招待
17. feel v.觉得,感到
→felt(过去式/过去分词)
→feeling n.感觉;感情
18. beginning n.开头,开端
19. whether conj.是否
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20. gold n.金,金子 adj.金色的
21. medal n.奖章;勋章
22. badly adv.差;很,非常;严重地
→bad adj.坏的;差的;糟糕的
→worse(比较级)
→worst(最高级)
23. able adj.能够;有能力的
短语:be able to do sth.=can do sth.能做某事
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24. another pron.另一(事物或人)
25. break v.(使)破,碎;打破(记录)
→broke(过去式)
→broken(过去分词)
26. freestyle n.自由泳;自由式 adj.自由式的
27. male adj.男性的;男的
28. swimmer n.(会)游泳者
29. record n.记录;唱片 v.记录,记载
30. successful adj.获得成功的
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31. widely adv.普遍地;广泛地
32. regard v.认为……是;
把……视为
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重点短语
1. play for …为……效力
2. be good for … 对……有益
3. be bad for … 对……有害
4. the day after tomorrow 后天
5. arrive in/at 到达大/小地点
6. give sb.a hand 帮助某人
7. do well in=be good at 擅长
8. shout at sb.怒斥某人
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9. do/try one’s best to do 尽某人最大努力做
10. keep doing sth.坚持做某事
11. say sorry to sb.向某人道歉
12. be sure to do sth.确定做某事
13. at first 首先
14. so that 目的,为了,以便于
15. a large number of 许多,大量
16. such as例如
17. hundreds of 成百上千的
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18. thousands of 成千上万的
19. millions of 数百万的
20. billions of 无数的
21. dozens of 几十个
22. relay race 接力赛
23. at least+数字 至少
24. talk about谈论,讨论
25. all over到处,遍及
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02
回归教材·知识梳理
辨析win,beat 与lose
I hope our team will win.(Unit 1 Topic 1 P1)
单词 过去式及过去分词 含义 用法
win won—won 赢;获胜 win+事物(game/match/prize/war)
beat beat—beaten 打败;战胜 beat+sb./a team
lose lost—lost 输 lose to sb.输给某人
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1. -Who D the writing competition yesterday?
-Peter.He the others.
A. beat;beat B. beat;won
C. won;won D. won;beat
2. Their football team was B in that important game.
A. won B. beaten C. failed D. lost
D
B
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3. Chinese ping-pong team beat the Japanese team and won the first prize.
4. Whether she wins or loses ,this is her last game.
beat
won
loses
win beat lose
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prefer的用法
Which sport do you prefer,swimming or rowing?(Unit 1 Topic 1 P2)
prefer用作动词,意为“更喜欢”,相当于like … better。其后可接名词、动名词或不定式。过去式与过去分词均为preferred。其常见用法如下:
(注:②、③中的to为介词,④、⑤中的to为不定式符号。)
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1. -What would you like to do to relax?
-I prefer D sports rather than magazines.
A. playing;reading B. to play;to read
C. play;read D. to play;read
2. Jack C painting playing games.
A. prefers;than B. would rather;than
C. prefers;to D. would rather;to
D
C
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辨析join,join in,take part in与attend
Are you going to join the school rowing team?(Unit 1 Topic 1 P2)
这四个词(短语)都有“参加”的意思,具体区别如下:
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单词/短语 用法 图解助记
join 指加入某党派、团体、组织等,并成
为其成员之一,意为“入党, 入团,参军”等。
[join the Party]
和某人一起做某事,其结构为:join sb.in (doing) sth.。
[join the Party]
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单词/短语 用法 图解助记
join in 多指参加小规模的活动,如“球赛、游戏”等,多用于日常口语。
take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等,着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥(积极)作用。
[+
]
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单词/短语 用法 图解助记
attend 正式用语,指参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼;去上课、上学、听报告或讲座等。 [attend school]
注:take part in是惯用词组,part前一般不用冠词,但part前有形容词修饰时,要用不定冠词。如:take an active part in积极参加
[attend school]
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1. -Would you like to C the music club to learn singing?
-Yes,I’d love to.
A. attend B. take part in
C. join D. join in
C
2. 我计划积极参与筹集资金去帮助有需要的儿童。(补全译文)
I plan to take an active part in raising money for children in need.
in
raising
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辨析be good at,be good for,be good to与be good with
She is also good at jumping.(Unit 1 Topic 1 P5)
短语 含义 说明
be good at 擅长于……;在……方面(学/做得)好 后接名词或动名词,同义短语为do well in
be good for 对……有益的/有好处 反义短语为be bad for,意为“对……有害的”
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短语 含义 说明
be good with 与……相处得好;善于应付……的 同义短语为get on/along well with
be good to 对……友好/和善 同义短语为be kind/friendly to
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用适当的介词填空。
1. Anna is good at geography.She knows a lot about the earth.
2. The English teacher is very good to her students.They all like her.
at
to
3. Drinking milk every day is good for us.
4. Lisa is good with old people and she often volunteers at the old people’s home.
for
with
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famous的用法
For the last 20 years,David Beckham was a very famous soccer player.(Unit 1 Topic 1 P7)
famous是形容词,意为“著名的;出名的”,相当于well-known,其常用短语及用法如下:
短语 含义 例句
be famous for+原因(特点、特长等) 以(因)……而出名 Austria is famous for its music.
奥地利以音乐而闻名。
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词汇盘点·素养积累
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短语 含义 例句
be famous as+身份、职业、地位等 作为……而出名 Lu Xun is famous as a great writer.
鲁迅是位著名的大作家。
be famous to+人 为……所熟知 Confucius is famous to Chinese people.
孔子为中国人所熟知。
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1. Guilin is famous for its green hills and clear water.
2. Gu Ailing is famous to most young people.
3. Thomas Edison is famous as a great inventor.
4. As is known to all,Taiwan belongs to China.
for
to
as
to
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mind的用法
Would you mind teaching me?(Unit 1 Topic 2 P9)
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【拓展】 常用句型:Would/Do you mind (one’s) doing sth./if+从句?意为“你介意……吗?”,表示礼貌地请求别人做某事。常用答语:表示介意:(I’m) sorry … /(You’d) better not.;表示不介意:No,not at all./Of course not./Certainly not.如:
-Would you mind my smoking here?/Do you mind if I smoke here?你介意我在这儿抽烟吗?
-Better not.最好不要。
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1. Jenny has made up her mind to learn (learn) another foreign language.
2. Would you mind B me a hand?The box is too heavy for me to carry.
A. give B. giving C. gave D. to give
to learn
B
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3. -Would you mind working in the countryside?
- B .I will be glad to work there.
A. I’m afraid so B. Of course not
C. I don’t think so D. You’d better not
B
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辨析discover,create,invent与find out
He invented basketball for his students in 1891.(Unit 1 Topic 2 P13)
单词/短语 名词形式 含义及用法 例句
discover discovery 指“发现或找到”早已存在而未为人知的事物或情况,尤指科学上的新发现 Columbus discovered America in 1492.
1492年哥伦布发现了美洲。
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单词/短语 名词形式 含义及用法 例句
create creation 强调从无到有的“创造或创作”,如艺术作品、理论等 Shakespeare created many famous characters.
莎士比亚创造了许多有名的人物。
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单词/短语 名词形式 含义及用法 例句
invent invention 强调通过研究和实验而“发明或创造”出本来不存在的东西,尤指科技上的发明创造 Edison invented the light bulb.爱迪生发明了灯泡。
find out 指通过观察、分析和研究等“发现,找出,查明”真相、原因等 We must find out the truth.
我们必须查明真相。
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discover create invent find out
1. We need to do some research to find out the answer.
2. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
to find out
was invented
3. We hope that scientists will discover more secrets of the universe in the future.
4. The government plans to create more jobs for young people.
will discover
to create
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辨析whether与if
I don’t know whether I can win,but I will try my best.(Unit 1 Topic 3 P22)
两者都是从属连词,都能引导从句,但用法有别,具体区别如下:
单词 含义 用法 例句
whether 不管……(还是);
或者……(或者) 引导让步状语从句 Whether or not we’re successful,we can be sure that we did our best.不管成功与否,我们确已尽了最大努力。
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单词 含义 用法 例句
if 是否 均可引导宾语从句 I want to know whether/if he lives there.我想知道他是否住在那儿。
如果 引导条件状语从句 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow,we’ll have a picnic.如果明天不下雨,我们会去野餐。
注:含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句的时态遵循“主将从现”原则。
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【拓展】 以下情况只能用whether不能用if:
(1)和不定式连用时。如:
I had a cold and couldn’t decide whether to go to work or not.
我感冒了,拿不定主意是否要去上班。
(2)在介词后作介词的宾语时。如:
It depends on whether he is ready or not.这取决于他是否做好了准备。
(3)引导表语从句或在句首引导主语从句时。如:
The question is whether he should give up.问题在于他是否该放弃。
Whether he comes or not doesn’t concern me.他来不来与我无关。
注意:当与or not连用且位于句中时,通常用whether;当or not位于句尾时,用if或whether均可。
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1. Your hearing will be badly hurt C you always listen to music by earphone.
A. whether B. until
C. if D. though
2. B they’ll go to Beihai Park depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. What D. That
C
B
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3. -Tony,do you know if Eric A to the zoo this Sunday if it ?
-Sorry,I have no idea.
A. will go;is fine B. goes;is fine
C. will go;will be fine D. goes;will be fine
A
4. I don’t care if/whether your car breaks down or not.
5. This depends upon whether we have enough food.
6. I am not sure if/whether I’ll have time to go with you.
if/whether
whether
if/whether
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辨析success,succeed,successful与successfully
These wins make Sun Yang the most successful Chinese male swimmer in Olympic history.(Unit 1 Review P26)
单词 词性 词义 用法 例句
success 名词 成功 表示抽象意义的“成功”,是不可数名词;表示具体意义的“成功的人或事”,是可数名词 Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
The party was a big success.
这次聚会非常成功。
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单词 词性 词义 用法 例句
succeed 动词 成功;实
现目标 succeed in doing sth.成功做某事 Jim succeeded in getting the job.吉姆成功获得了那份工作。
successful 形容词 成功的 可作表语或定语。
be successful in doing sth.成功做某事 The play was very successful on Broadway.
那部剧在百老汇大获成功。
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单词 词性 词义 用法 例句
successfully 副词 成功地 do sth.successfully成功地做某事 They finished the task successfully.他们成功地完成了任务。
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用succeed的适当形式填空。
1. We’re successful in finding a new house.
2. They didn’t have much success in life.
3. I tried to discuss it with her but only succeeded in making her angry.
successful
success
succeeded
4. I’m sure you will solve the problem successfully if you try again.
5. Mr.Black is a successful businessman.
successfully
successful
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03
单元复习小测
Ⅰ.完形填空(2024·江西改编)
Anansi the Wise
Some people think they know everything. Anansi the spider didn’t think that. He was a clever spider. And he knew to have real wisdom(智慧), he had to learn more.
One day, Anansi found a(n) 1 gourd on the ground and he had an idea. “If I get advice from others and put it in this gourd, then I’ll be wiser than anyone else in the world.”
( A )1. A. empty B. small C. soft
A
I
II
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So, he went from house to house and asked the other creatures(生物), “What’s your best piece of 2 ?” And they were all happy to share their wisdom, because they could see that Anansi 3 it.
The snail(蜗牛) said, “Don’t be in a hurry. Life is not a 100-meter race.”
( C )2. A. news B. work C. advice
( C )3. A. stood B. forgot C. needed
C
C
I
II
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The butterfly said, “Life is short. Enjoy every day.”
The ant said, “You’ll 4 be great on your own. Everyone needs the help of others.”
Anansi was very happy with all this advice. He took it and put it in his gourd. And when he’d filled the gourd, he thought to himself, “Now, I have more wisdom than anyone else. I must 5 the wisdom, so no one can steal it.” He looked around and saw a hole high up in a tree, and he had an idea.
( C )4. A. always B. often C. never
( C )5. A. find B. sell C. hide
C
C
I
II
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Anansi held the gourd in two legs and tried to 6 the tree with his other six legs. But the gourd was too big and he couldn’t climb. His son was nearby watching him. “Daddy,” he said, “why don’t you 7 the gourd to your back and then climb the tree?”“That’s very good advice,” said Anansi. “Thank you for sharing it with me.” And then Anansi realized that advice is only 8 when we share it with someone.
( B )6. A. hit B. climb C. pull
( C )7. A. send B. hand C. tie
( B )8. A. simple B. useful C. interesting
B
C
B
I
II
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So, he climbed the tree with the gourd on his back. And when Anansi reached the 9 , he held the gourd up to the wind. All the advice flew into the sky and traveled 10 the land. And wisdom came to everyone.
( A )9. A. top B. house C. ground
( A )10. A. across B. with C. into
A
A
I
II
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Ⅱ.阅读理解(2024·广安改编)
Bob likes climbing very much. However, there wasn’t one climbing club in his school at first, so he felt sad.
At the beginning of the second year of middle school, his school offered rock climbing lessons in order to encourage students to exercise. He was so happy that he joined at once.
In the first lesson, the coach said, “Rock climbing needs strength, speed, courage and persistence(坚持). All these are necessary.” But in Bob’s opinion, rock climbing was just a fun activity. It interested him.
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During the following classes, the coach asked the students to run 1,000 metres first, and then climb with a rope. When Bob finished running, he almost lost his breath and got bored, and he even did not want to touch the rope. He thought it was less interesting than before. The coach noticed that and asked him, “Why do you want to take rock climbing lessons?” “I come for fun, of course.” “Is that fun?” he asked. Bob shook his head slowly. The coach then explained patiently, “That’s because you stop halfway. You know, beautiful sights are always on the top.”
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After hearing his words, Bob made up his mind to finish his journey. When he got to the top in the end, he felt really excited.
Sometimes it’s hard to reach the top of the mountain, but it’s a pity to stop halfway, so don’t give up.
( B )1. Why did the school offer rock climbing lessons?
A. To develop students’ hobbies.
B. To encourage students to exercise.
C. To offer students more clubs.
B
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( C )2. How far did the coach ask the students to run first in the rock climbing lessons?
A. One hundred metres.
B. One hundred kilometres.
C. One thousand metres.
C
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( B )3. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 4?
A. Running. B. Rock climbing.
C. Taking lessons.
( C )4. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Learn to Accept Helpful Advice
B. Let’s Find the Best Hobby
C. Don’t Give Up Halfway
B
C
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本讲内容结束
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