精品解析：江苏省南京外国语学校2024-2025学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题

南京外国语学校 2024-2025学年度第二学期期中高二年级 英语试题（A卷） 第一卷（95分） 一、听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What has the woman begun doing lately? A. Doing gardening. B. Learning cooking. C. Recycling rainwater. 2. What does the man say about virtual classrooms? A. They are convenient. B. They are expensive. C. They require travel. 3. What does the man plan to do tomorrow? A. Take an athletic test. B. Join a study group. C. Watch a sports race. 4. How many more trees can the machine plant than a person? A. About a quarter more. B. About a third more. C. About a half more. 5. Where are the speakers probably? A. In the classroom. B. At a hospital. C. On a ski field. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What kind of influencers does the woman like? A. Fitness. B. Beauty. C. Travel. 7. What attitude does the man have towards the influencer economy? A. Opposed. B. Watchful. C. Welcoming. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What has the weather been like in the UK recently? A. Rainy. B. Hot. C. Windy. 9. What is the problem with humans according to Aimee? A. Not respecting science. B. Denying climate change. C. Doing bad things to the earth. 10. What is the man’s attitude towards the climate change theory? A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Insecure. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What is the company working on? A. Green energy. B. Urban planning. C. Digital innovation. 12. What does the woman think of the man? A. Capable. B. Flexible. C. Humorous. 13. What is special about the new office building? A. It will be culture-rich. B. It will be eco-friendly. C. It will be artistic-looking. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. What do we learn about hat factories in Britain? A. They have all been turned into movie theaters. B. Nearly all of them closed down decades ago. C. They have adapted to meet fashion changes. 15. What does the man say about most people in London? A. They don't speak foreign languages. B. They enjoy watching foreign movies. C. They don't go to movie theaters often. 16. What does the woman say about foreign movies shown in London? A. They attract large crowds of young Londoners. B. They are hard for English people to appreciate. C. They have an English translation on the screen. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. According to a recent research conducted in Australia, what has a lasting impact on one's life? A. The time one starts school. B. The school that one attends. C. The relationship with classmates. 18. What was the purpose of the Australian research? A. To help parents decide when to send their children to school. B. To find causes for differences in the participants' performance. C. To offer constructive suggestions for making educational policies. 19. Who were the participants in the researcher's first study? A. Political leaders. B. Professional athletes. C. High-school students. 20. According to the researchers, what is one characteristic of successful people? A. Leadership ability. B. Risk-taking. C. Self-confidence. 二、单项选择（共10题；每小题1分，满分10分） 1. Apples are sorted by _________ size and then packaged by _________ box. A. 不填；不填 B. the; the C. 不填；the； D. the; 不填 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：苹果按大小分类，然后按盒子包装。分析句子可知，第一空“by size”表示“按大小”，是固定搭配，使用零冠词。第二空“by the box”表示“按箱”，是固定用法，用定冠词“the”。故选C项。 2. What to read this week? The classics of literature around the world may give you some_________, which is profound and also accessible. A. interpretation B. inspiration C. innovation D. invitation 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：本周读什么书？世界各地的文学经典可能会给你一些深刻而又平易近人的灵感。A. interpretation理解；B. inspiration灵感；C. innovation创新；D. invitation邀请。根据上文“What to read this week?”指给出阅读书籍的灵感。故选B。 3. The art gallery showcased more than millions of dollars _________ of paintings, attracting collectors from around the globe. A. sum B. rate C. worth D. profit 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：美术馆展出了价值超过数百万美元的画作，吸引了来自世界各地的收藏家。A. sum总数，金额；B. rate比率，速度；C. worth价值；D. profit利润；收益。根据句意可知，此处为名词worth“价值”，满足句意要求。故选C项。 4. The students from different countries shared their_________ cultures and traditions during the international exchange program, which enriched their knowledge and perspectives. A. respected B. respectable C. respectful D. respective 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：来自不同国家的学生在国际交流项目中分享了各自的文化和传统，丰富了他们的知识和视野。A. respected受人尊敬的；B. respectable值得尊敬的；C. respectful表示敬意的，尊敬的；D. respective分别的。根据上文“The students from different countries shared their”指来自不同国家的学生在国际交流项目中分享了各自的文化和传统，故选D。 5. The scenery of this small town is _________ beautiful than that of those famous attractions, but its number of tourists is very small. A. not so B. no more C. not too D. no less 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：这个小镇的风景与那些著名景点一样美丽，但游客人数很少。分析句子可知，A项not so...than和C项not too...than无此结构。B项“no more...than”表示 “和…… 一样不”，强调两者都不，与句子想要表达的小镇景色很美但游客少的意思不符。D项“no less...than”表示“和……一样；不亚于”，此句中“is no less beautiful than” 意思是“这个小镇的景色不亚于那些著名景点”，符合句子逻辑，即小镇景色很美，但游客数量却很少。故选D项。 6. -Look at Mary staring at her phone! --_________, she’s waiting for an important message. A. Typically B. Occasionally C. Accordingly D. Apparently 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：——看玛丽盯着她的手机！——显然，她在等一条重要信息。A. Typically典型地；B. Occasionally偶然地；C. Accordingly相应地；D. Apparently显然。根据上下句句意可知，此处为副词Apparently“显然”作状语，修饰后面整个句子，满足句意要求。故选D项。 7. It is not only poor people who feel desperate. Rich people sometimes feel desperate, and _________. A. just helplessly B. less helplessly C. as helplessly D. so helplessly 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：感到绝望的不仅仅是穷人。富人有时会感到绝望，同样无助。句子中表达的富人和穷人在感到绝望时都同样无助，用as...as结构表示“和…… 一样”，这里“as helplessly”可以理解为 “和（穷人）一样无助地”，完整形式可以是“as helplessly as poor people (feel desperate)”符合的意思。故选C。 8. It is almost ten years since she left her hometown, and she _________ as a manager in a multinational corporation. A. served B. had served C. is serving D. would serve 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她离开家乡快十年了，现在在一家跨国公司担任经理。根据前半句“It is almost ten years since she left her hometown”可知，她离开家乡到现在已经有一段时间了，而现在她正处于在跨国公司担任经理的状态，强调现在正在进行的动作，所以用现在进行时。故选C项。 9. —Did you have to work overtime last night? —No, I didn’t, but I _________ if my colleague hadn’t helped me finish the report. A. would have B. probably have C. would do D. might do 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。 句意：——你昨晚需要加班吗？——没有，但如果我的同事没有帮我完成报告，我 可能就得加班了。根据“if my colleague hadn’t helped me finish the report.”可知，表示对过去动作的虚拟，主句用 would have done。故选A项。 10. —Should I ask the boss if he’s upset at my missing the deadline? —If he hasn’t said anything about it, just_________. A. let sleeping dogs lie B. make hay while the sun shines C. put yourself in his shoes D. take the bull by the horns 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：——我是不是该问问老板，如果我错过了最后期限他会不会不高兴？——如果他什么也没说，那就别自找麻烦了。A. let sleeping dogs lie不要自找麻烦；B. make hay while the sun shines把握住时机；C. put yourself in his shoes换位思考；D. take the bull by the horns不畏艰险。结合上下文语境可知，此处指“不要自找麻烦”，故选A。 三、阅读（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15题；每小题2分，满分30分） A World Book Day 2025 Announcements World Book Day will be held on 61 March 2025. Keep an eye on this space as we update it with announcements on our 2025 events, activities, and partnerships that will ensure that more children than ever can have the opportunity to discover a love of reading. THE £1/£1.50 BOOK SELECTION We’re delighted to share with you the line-up of £1/€1.50 books for 2025 that children can choose for free with their £1/€1.50 book token! The books will be available from booksellers from 13 February 2025. We’re so excited to be working with Nielsen Book Data again this year to give you an exclusive sneak peek of a few pages of each of the £1/€1.50 World Book Day books. Use their brilliant ‘look inside’ feature to help you choose which book you want in exchange for your £1/€1.50 book token! The token redemption period is from 13 February to 23 March 2025. World Book Day Online Events: BEN DEAN VIRTUAL EVENT (06/03/25) How do you write an edge-of-your-seat thriller? Join former celebrity journalist, master of suspense, and WBD £1 book author Ben Dean to find out in this virtual session for secondary schools. In this session Ben will introduce his story for older readers This Story is a Lie. BBC LIVE LESSON (06/03/25) We’ll be celebrating the joy of books, authors and reading for pleasure in a World Book Day lesson for 7-11 year-olds. POBBLE’S FREE WRITING LESSON (06/03/25) Step into the Magic Library with Pobble this World Book Day! Join our free live writing session, designed to inspire children aged 7-11 to create magical stories based on their favourite books. Perfect for celebrating the joy of reading and writing! To sign up for any of our digital events click here. 11. What can children do before they decide which £1/€1.50 book to choose? A. Glance at some pages of the books. B. Read the book for free for one day. C. Appreciate the illustrations inside. D. Look at the comments of the book. 12. What do the online activities have in common? A. They all involve creative writing. B. They all charge fees for registration. C. They all promote reading and literacy. D. They all target at senior high students. 13. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A website on extreme sports. B. A website on volunteer programs. C. A website on educational resources. D. A website on youth science carnivals. 【答案】11. A 12. C 13. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了关于2025年世界读书日的活动预告与说明。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章THE £1/£1.50 BOOK SELECTION部分中的“We’re so excited to be working with Nielsen Book Data again this year to give you an exclusive sneak peek of a few pages of each of the £1/€1.50 World Book Day books. Use their brilliant ‘look inside’ feature to help you choose which book you want in exchange for your £1/€1.50 book token! (今年我们非常高兴能再次与尼尔森图书数据公司合作，让您可以提前独家抢先预览每本价值1英镑 /1.5欧元的世界读书日图书的几页内容。利用他们出色的“内页试读”功能，帮助您决定用1英镑 /1.5欧元的图书代金券兑换哪本书！)”可知，今年再次与尼尔森图书数据公司合作，能让大家提前独家抢先预览每本价值1英镑/1.5欧元的世界读书日图书的几页内容，并且可以利用“内页试读”功能来帮助选择想用代金券兑换的书籍。也就是说，孩子们在决定选择哪本价值1英镑/1.5欧元的书之前，可以提前预览几页内容。故选A。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章BEN DEAN VIRTUAL EVENT (06/03/25)部分中的“How do you write an edge-of-your-seat thriller? Join former celebrity journalist, master of suspense, and WBD £1 book author Ben Dean to find out in this virtual session for secondary schools. (你要如何写出一部扣人心弦的惊悚小说呢？欢迎加入由前明星记者、悬疑大师以及世界读书日1英镑图书作者本・迪恩举办的面向中学的线上活动，一探究竟。)”；BBC LIVE LESSON (06/03/25)部分中的“We’ll be celebrating the joy of books, authors and reading for pleasure in a World Book Day lesson for 7-11 year-olds. (我们将为7至11岁的孩子开设一堂世界读书日课程，共同庆祝书籍、作者以及为乐趣而阅读所带来的快乐。)”以及POBBLE’S FREE WRITING LESSON (06/03/25)部分中的“Join our free live writing session, designed to inspire children aged 7-11 to create magical stories based on their favourite books. (参加我们免费的直播写作课程，该课程旨在激发7至11岁孩子的灵感，让他们根据自己最喜欢的书籍创作神奇的故事。)”可知，这些线上活动的共同之处是都促进阅读和读写能力。故选C。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章内容集中于儿童阅读推广与文学教育，通过线上讲座、写作课程及图书优惠活动激发青少年阅读兴趣，其内容、受众及功能均与教育资源网站高度契合。故选C。 B Visit any antiques store and you’ll encounter artifacts from the past, photographs, letters, a brochure detailing the Sinclair dinosaur exhibit from the 1964-65 World’s Fair, the ephemera (昙花一现之物) of history. Yet these objects aren’t truly ephemeral, because they’re still here, decades, even centuries later. Why? Because they’re tangible. Have you thought about the life cycle of intangible formats, digital information, given that those who produce these artifacts seldom make preparations for their long-term preservation? At the time of creation, no attempts were made at intentional preservation, yet analog (模拟的) materials have a chance of surviving and serving as the historical record that biographers, historians, and novelists rely on. Libraries and archives have traditionally shouldered the responsibility of organization, preservation, and access to information. Librarians digitize the tangible so that researchers the world over can quickly search and access their holdings. However, librarians’ selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access by holding up a cell phone and saying, “it’s all in here” as evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today. Yet how was that universality of access made possible and, perhaps more importantly, how is it maintained? Who tends to what is preserved? When it comes to born-digital information, the terrifying answer can be if not librarians and archivists, then no one. Digital information requires a great deal more care than analog. Even when a digital object is preserved, it may only be the carrier that’s saved, not the information itself. As technology advances and a format becomes obsolete (过时的), the object is useless. Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk, thinking: how do I get the files off this? Without constant migration of digital assets, a nightmare about the foreseeable future is what keeps historians up at night: a historical record that suddenly stops when digital replaces analog. As a librarian whose day job revolves around special collections and digital assets, I share the night terrors of historians, and I’d be lying if I said a comprehensive preservation solution currently exists. Yet researchers can take some comfort in the fact that there are a large number of librarians devoted to discovering, organizing, and preserving digital information for researchers current and future. While future researchers may find the digital realm a challenging place to do their work, they won’t find it an impossible one. 14. Why does the author mention the artifacts from the past? A. To bring up the issue of preservation. B. To comment on their historical value. C. To contrast them with everyday items. D. To introduce the collection of antiques. 15. According to paragraph 3, what may librarians’ work result in? A. Oversupply of materials. B. Undervaluation of libraries. C. Researchers’ underperformance. D. Users’ overreliance on technology. 16. Why is the “ZIP disk” cited as an example? A. To explain the way of getting off files saved in their carriers. B. To show the development of constantly migrating digital assets. C. To illustrate the possibility of losing information in obsolete formats. D. To reveal the inconvenience of storing information on analog devices. 17. Which of the following best summarizes the text? A. Hard work should be done to preserve artifacts. B. Contributions of librarians should be recognized. C. Accessing databases is essential to researchers. D. Keeping digital historical records is a challenge. 【答案】14. A 15. B 16. C 17. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了数字信息的保存问题，提到数字信息需要比模拟信息更多的关注和维护，随着技术发展，数字格式可能过时导致信息丢失，虽然有很多图书馆员致力于发现、组织和保存数字信息，但目前还没有全面的保存解决方案，对未来研究人员来说，处理数字领域的工作是一个挑战。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Visit any antiques store and you’ll encounter artifacts from the past, photographs, letters, a brochure detailing the Sinclair dinosaur exhibit from the 1964-65 World’s Fair, the ephemera (昙花一现之物) of history. Yet these objects aren’t truly ephemeral, because they’re still here, decades, even centuries later. Why? Because they’re tangible.(参观任何一家古董店，你都会看到过去的文物、照片、信件、一本详细介绍1964-65年世界博览会辛克莱恐龙展览的小册子，这是一段短暂的历史。然而，这些物体并不是真正短暂的，因为它们在几十年甚至几个世纪后仍然存在。为什么？因为它们是有形的。)”可知，文章开头提到在古董店能看到过去的手工艺品等，接着说这些物品并非真正昙花一现，因为它们是有形的。然后引出思考无形的数字信息的生命周期问题，即那些生产这些物品的人很少为其长期保存做准备。所以作者提到过去的手工艺品是为了引出关于保存的问题。故选A项。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, librarians’ selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access by holding up a cell phone and saying, “it’s all in here” as evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today.(然而，当用户拿起手机说“都在这里”，指出图书馆对研究人员来说已经不那么重要时，图书馆员的无私奉献可能会对我们产生不利影响。)”可知，图书馆员无私的奉献反而可能对他们不利，因为用户会拿着手机说 “一切都在这里”，以此作为图书馆对如今的研究人员不那么重要的证据。这说明图书馆员的工作可能导致图书馆被低估。故选B项。 【16题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Even when a digital object is preserved, it may only be the carrier that’s saved, not the information itself. As technology advances and a format becomes obsolete (过时的), the object is useless. Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk, thinking: how do I get the files off this?(即使一个数字对象被保存下来，它也可能只是被保存的载体，而不是信息本身。随着技术的进步和格式的过时，对象就变得无用了。你是否曾经无助地盯着一个ZIP磁盘，想着：我怎么才能把文件从这里弄出来？)”可知，即使数字对象被保存下来，可能保存的只是载体而不是信息本身，随着技术进步格式过时，对象就没用了，以ZIP磁盘为例就是为了说明在过时格式中丢失信息的可能性。故选C项。 【17题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了数字信息的保存问题，提到数字信息需要比模拟信息更多的关注和维护，随着技术发展，数字格式可能过时导致信息丢失，虽然有很多图书馆员致力于发现、组织和保存数字信息，但目前还没有全面的保存解决方案，对未来研究人员来说，处理数字领域的工作是一个挑战。所以D选项“保存数字历史记录是一个挑战”能最好地总结文章内容。故选D项。 C When was the last time you ate and only focused on eating? Many of us eat while working, fiddling with our smartphones or on the go. Distracted eating, as it is termed in scientific literature, coincides with greater flexibility in where we can eat our food and the accessibility of distractions. As a result, “you get this weird blend of different activities. They’re no longer fixed to certain places and times,” said Lotte van Dillen, a professor of social psychology at Leiden University. “You can do everything anywhere at any moment. That’s not good.” When van Dillen and her colleagues conducted studies of large, representative samples of people in the Netherlands, they found a “surprisingly consistent” result: Roughly 70 to 75 percent of the time, people are distracted and doing something else when they eat. Distracted eating could have adverse (不利的) health consequences. Studies show that when we are distracted, we tend to eat more. And when we are done eating, we are more likely to eat again sooner. In turn, regular distracted eating is associated with weight gain. At the same time, distractions prevent us from fully tasting or enjoying what we are eating by disrupting signals in our brain. Despite eating more, “it’s kind of tragic that you’re not enjoying it so much,” van Dillen said. When we eat, our guts (肠道) getting full, a process which takes about 20 minutes. But being distracted makes it harder to release satiety hormones that signal to our brains that we are experience these satiety signals. Distractions add cognitive load to our brains that competes with and reduces our ability to sense not only the amount of food and how full we are getting, but also its taste. In an early experiment from a 2013 study, van Dillen and her colleagues had 42 participants sweeten their own lemonade with sugary syrup to taste. Some were distracted by an easy cognitive task (memorizing a one-digit number), while others had a harder one (memorizing a seven-digit number). Those challenged with the harder mental task added a whopping 50 percent more of the sugary syrup but did not report their drink as sweeter than participants doing the easier mental task. In a follow-up 2023 study published in the journal Appetite, van Dillen and her colleagues put 46 participants in an FMRI brain scanner and fed them sugar water of different sweetness levels through a bundle of tubes. When participants had a more challenging cognitive task, they rated the strong sugar solution as less sweet than when the task was easy. In short, distractions have a “sledgehammer effect” on our senses, van Dillen said. In a 2024 study, van Dillen and her colleagues found evidence that distractions cause otherwise enjoyable activities such as eating a snack, reading a novel or watching TV, to feel less enjoyable that we expected. Feeling underwhelmed, we are more likely to overconsume to make up for this shortfall in enjoyment, engaging in what researchers call “hedonic (快乐的) compensation.” 18. Which of the following behaviors can be considered as “distracted eating”? A. You eat dinner at a fixed place and time. B You eat snacks while working on your essay. C. You have breakfast in a relaxing environment. D. You have lunch at school without doing anything else. 19. What can we know about “satiety hormones” from paragraph 5? A. They make distractions. B. They stimulate appetite. C. They add cognitive load. D. They send satiety signals. 20. How did van Dillen and her colleagues carry out their experiments? A. By conducting interviews. B. By testing effectiveness. C. By making comparisons. D. By distributing surveys. 21. What can we learn from the studies? A. Distracted eating prompts us to taste more flavors. B. Fully experiencing the food can help us better enjoy it. C. Distractions fail to change how the brain processes taste. D. The food will be tasteless if we choose to do harder work. 【答案】18. B 19. D 20. C 21. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍当下很多人存在分心进食的现象，即边吃东西边工作、玩手机或在途中进食，莱顿大学的社会心理学教授Lotte van Dillen认为这种不同活动随意混合且不固定于特定时间地点的模式并不好。van Dillen及其同事对荷兰大量有代表性的人群研究发现，约 70%到75% 的进食时间里人们会分心做其他事。分心进食会带来不良健康后果，如使人进食增多、更易很快再次进食，进而导致体重增加。 【18题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Many of us eat while working, fiddling with our smartphones or on the go. Distracted eating, as it is termed in scientific literature, coincides with greater flexibility in where we can eat our food and the accessibility of distractions.( 我们中许多人在工作、摆弄智能手机或外出时吃东西。在科学文献中，这种现象被称为“分心进食”，它与我们选择进食地点的灵活性和受干扰的可能性相吻合。)”可知，边工作边吃东西属于分心进食。B 选项“写论文时吃零食”，符合一边吃东西一边做其他事的分心进食特征。故选B项。 【19题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“But being distracted makes it harder to release satiety hormones that signal to our brains that we are experience these satiety signals.( 但分心会让我们更难释放饱腹感激素，而饱腹感激素会向大脑发出信号，告诉我们正在经历这些饱腹感信号。)” 可知，饱腹感荷尔蒙（satiety hormones）的作用是向大脑发送饱腹感信号。故选D项。 【20题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中“Some were distracted by an easy cognitive task (memorizing a one-digit number), while others had a harder one (memorizing a seven-digit number).( 一些人被一个简单的认知任务（记住一个一位数）分散了注意力，而另一些人则被一个更难的任务（记住一个七位数）分散了注意力。)”以及第七段中“When participants had a more challenging cognitive task, they rated the strong sugar solution as less sweet than when the task was easy.( 当参与者面临更具挑战性的认知任务时，他们认为浓糖溶液的甜度不如简单任务时高。)”可知，van Dillen 和她的同事在实验中通过设置不同难度的认知任务，对不同条件下的参与者进行对比，从而得出实验结果。故选C项。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“At the same time, distractions prevent us from fully tasting or enjoying what we are eating by disrupting signals in our brain. Despite eating more, “it’s kind of tragic that you’re not enjoying it so much,” van Dillen said.( 与此同时，分心会干扰我们大脑中的信号，使我们无法充分品尝或享受我们正在吃的东西。尽管吃得更多了，“但你并没有那么喜欢它，这有点可悲，”van Dillen说。)”可知，分心进食会干扰大脑信号，使我们无法充分品尝和享受食物。反之，充分体验食物能帮助我们更好地享受它。故选B项。 D I shrug my shoulders when people tell me that their first impressions of a person are always right. For my own part I find that the longer I know people the more they puzzle me: my oldest friends are just those of whom I can say that I don’t know anything about them. I was introduced to Edward Hyde Burton at the British Club. We played bridge together. He played a good game and a generous one. He did not talk very much, either then or later when we were having drinks, but what he said was sensible. He had a quiet, dry humour. He seemed to be popular at the club and afterwards, when he had gone, they described him as one of the best. I think the chief thing that struck me about Burton was his kindliness. There was something very pleasing in his mild blue eyes. His voice was gentle; you could not imagine that he could raise it in anger; his smile was kind. But there was nothing sentimental about him: he liked his game of cards and his cocktail, he could tell a good and spicy story, and in his youth he had been something of an athlete. He was a rich man and he had made every penny himself. I suppose one thing that made you like him was that he was so small and frail; he aroused your instincts of protection. You felt that he would not hurt a fly. One afternoon I met him in the lounge of the Grand Hotel and we talked about our common friends. “Do you know Lenny Burton?” said him. “No. I don’t believe I remember the name.” “He was quite a remarkable player. He seemed to have an instinct about the cards. It was uncanny. I used to play with him a lot. He was in Kobe for some time.” Burton sipped his gin “It’s rather a funny story,” he said. “He was always well-dressed and he was handsome in a way, with curly hair and pink-and-white cheeks. Of course he drank too much. Fellows like him always do. A bit of money used to come in for him once a quarter and he made a bit more by card-playing. He won a good deal of mine, I know that.” Burton gave a kindly little chuckle I knew from my own experience that he could lose money at bridge with a good grace. “I suppose that is why he came to me when he went broke, that and the fact that he was a namesake (同名) of mine. He came to see me in my office one day and asked me for a job. I was rather surprised. He told me that there was no more money coming from home and he wanted to work. I asked him how old he was.” Thirty-five,” he said. “And what have you been doing? I asked him. Well, nothing very much,” he said. “‘I’m afraid I can’t do anything for you just now,’ I said. ‘Come back and see me in another thirty-five years, and I’ll see what I can do.’ “He didn’t move. He went rather pale. He hesitated for a moment and then he told me that he had had bad luck at cards for some time. He hadn’t a penny. He’d pawned (典当) everything he had. He was down and out. If he couldn’t get a job he’d have to commit suicide. “‘Well, isn’t there anything you can do except play cards?’ I asked him. “‘I can swim,” he said. “‘Swim!’ “I could hardly believe my ears; it seemed such a silly answer. “I swam for my university.’ “I was a pretty good swimmer myself when I was a young man,’ I said. “Suddenly I had an idea.” Pausing in his story, Burton turned to me. “Do you know Kobe?” he asked. “No,” I said, “I passed through it once, but I only spent a night there.” “Then you don’t know the Shioya Club. When I was a young man I swam from there round the beacon and landed at the creek of Tarumi. It’s over three miles and it’s rather difficult on account of the currents round the beacon. Well, I told my young namesake about it and I said to him that if he’d do it I’d give him a job. “I could see he was rather taken aback (震惊的). “You say you’re a swimmer,’ I said. “I’m not in very good condition,” he answered. “I didn’t say anything. I shrugged my shoulders. He looked at me for a moment and then he nodded. “All right,” he said. “When do you want me to do it?’ “I looked at my watch. It was just after ten. “The swim shouldn’t take you much over an hour and a quarter. I’ll drive round to the creek at half past twelve and meet you. I’ll take you back to the club to dress and then we’ll have lunch together.’ “Done,” he said. “We shook hands. I wished him good luck and he left me. I had a lot of work to do that morning and I only just managed to get to the creek at half past twelve. But I needn’t have hurried; he never turned up.” “Did he get frightened at the last moment?” I asked. “No, he didn’t. He started all right. But of course he’d ruined his health by drink. The currents round the beacon were more than he could manage. We didn’t get the body for about three days.” I didn’t say anything for a moment or two. I was a little shocked. Then I asked Burton a question. “When you made him that offer of a job, did you know that he’d be drowned?” He gave a little mild chuckle and he looked at me with those kind blue eyes of his. He rubbed his chin with his hand. “Well, I hadn’t got a vacancy in my office at the moment.” --adapted from Somerset Maugham's story A Friend In Need 22. What did the author think of Edward Burton according to paragraph 2? A. He was afraid of insects. B. He was bad at sports. C. He was a self-made man. D. He was a terrible storyteller. 23. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 10 refer to? A. Edward often lost to Lenny in the Bridge. B. Lenny made little money by playing cards. C. Edward and Lenny were very close friends. D. Lenny stopped receiving money from home. 24. Why didn’t Lenny show up at the creek in the end? A. Because he gave up in the end. B. Because he forgot the appointment. C. Because he was sent to hospital. D. Because he lost his life in the water. 25. What can we learn about Edward’s personality from the ending? A. Humorous and sensible. B. Gentle and kind-hearted. C. Impulsive and pessimistic. D. Hypocritical and hard-hearted. 【答案】22. C 23. A 24. D 25. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章改编自毛姆的短篇小说《患难之交》。通过对人性的深刻剖析和反讽手法的运用，展现了一个虚伪冷酷的绅士形象，同时也揭示了人性中的阴暗面。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“He was a rich man and he had made every penny himself. (他是个有钱人，每一分钱都是他自己挣的。)”可推知，作者认为Edward Burton是一个白手起家的人，故选C。 【23题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第八段末句中“He won a good deal of mine (他赢了我很多钱)”和第十段中“I suppose that is why he came to me when he went broke (我想这就是他破产时来找我的原因)”可知，Lenny打桥牌时赢了Edward很多钱，所以他破产时来找Edward，故that指“Edward在桥牌上输了很多钱给Lenny”，故选A。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第五段中“We didn’t get the body for about three days. (我们大约过了三天才找到尸体。)”和倒数第三段“When you made him that offer of a job, did you know that he’d be drowned? (你给他提供工作的时候，你知道他会被淹死吗？)”可知，Lenny没有出现在小海湾是因为他溺水身亡了，故选D。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“I think the chief thing that struck me about Burton was his kindliness. There was something very pleasing in his mild blue eyes. His voice was gentle; you could not imagine that he could raise it in anger; his smile was kind. (我想Burton最打动我的地方是他的和蔼可亲。他那双温和的蓝眼睛里流露出一种非常讨人喜欢的神情。他的声音很温柔；你无法想象他会在愤怒中举起它；他的微笑很亲切。)”和“You felt that he would not hurt a fly. (你觉得他连一只苍蝇都不会伤害。)”以及文章最后三段“When you made him that offer of a job, did you know that he’d be drowned? (你给他提供工作的时候，你知道他会被淹死吗？)”、“He gave a little mild chuckle and he looked at me with those kind blue eyes of his. He rubbed his chin with his hand. (他轻轻地笑了笑，用那双和善的蓝眼睛看着我。他用手揉了揉下巴。)”和“Well, I hadn’t got a vacancy in my office at the moment. (只能说，当时公司里我没有空的职位。)”可知，Edward给人的印象是和善、柔弱，却亲手断送了一个年轻人的生命，并且对此事是不以为然的冷漠态度，这展示了一个虚伪冷酷的形象，故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a non-disabled woman. In another study, subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble (绊脚) and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his face; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to receive aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In understanding these and other research findings, two themes are important. ____26____ ____27____ For example, in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be mailed, but had apparently been “lost”. The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very good-looking person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to mail the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive. The degree of similarity between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. ____28____ In another study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a plain T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words. ____29____ For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone money to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for health than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be sick rather than drunk. ____30____ A. Whether a person receives help depends in part on the “worth” of the case. B. It’s interesting to consider the factors that influence whether or not someone will offer help to another person. C. Cultural differences and communication obstacles can both affect how people respond. D. We are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think deserve assistance. E. People might donate more to an arts program than for car repairs, despite the latter’s necessity, due to the perceived community value of art. F. In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. G. People are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. 【答案】26. D 27. F 28. G 29. A 30. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过多个实验和研究，探讨了外貌、相似性、情境等因素对人们是否愿意提供帮助的影响。 【26题详解】 上文提到“People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a non-disabled woman. (如果请求捐款的人是一位坐轮椅的残疾女性，而不是一位没有残疾的女性，那么大学校园里的人更有可能向“March of Dimes”捐款。)”这表明人们是否提供帮助受到某些因素的影响。D项“We are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think deserve assistance. (我们更愿意帮助那些我们出于某种原因喜欢的人以及我们认为值得帮助的人。)”与上文呼应，进一步解释了这种倾向，故答案选D。 【27题详解】 下文提到“Results showed that people were more likely to mail the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive. (结果显示，如果照片中的人外貌吸引人，人们更有可能寄出申请。)”，说明长相的重要性。F项“In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. (在某些情况下，外貌吸引人的人更有可能得到帮助。)”与下文相呼应，说明外貌吸引力对帮助行为的影响，故答案选F。 【28题详解】 上文提到“The degree of similarity between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. (潜在帮助者与需要帮助者之间的相似程度也很重要。)”这里指出相似性的重要性。G项“People are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. (人们更愿意帮助来自同一国家的陌生人，而不是外国人。)”与上文相呼应，具体说明了相似性对帮助行为的影响，故答案选G。 【29题详解】 下文提到“For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone money to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for health than cookies. (例如，超市里的顾客更有可能给某人钱去买牛奶，而不是去买饼干，这可能是因为牛奶被认为比饼干对健康更重要。)”说明人们看中不同物品的价值。A项“Whether a person receives help depends in part on the “worth” of the case. (一个人是否得到帮助部分取决于案件的“价值”。)”引出了另一个影响帮助行为的因素——情境的价值，与下文的实验相呼应，故答案选A。 【30题详解】 上文提到“Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be sick rather than drunk. (纽约地铁的乘客更有可能帮助一个看起来生病而不是醉酒倒在地上的人。)”说明了情境对帮助行为的影响。B项“It’s interesting to consider the factors that influence whether or not someone will offer help to another person. (考虑影响一个人是否会向另一个人提供帮助的因素是很有趣的。)”总结了文章的主题，与上文的实验和研究相呼应，故答案选B。 四、完形填空（共15题；每小题1分，满分15分） From an airplane, cars crawling down the highway look like ants. But actual ants-unlike cars-somehow _____31_____ to avoid the problem of stop-and-go traffic. Researchers are now studying these insects’ cooperative tactics to learn how to program self-driving cars that don’t jam up. The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the _____32_____ of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver tapping the _____33_____ can trigger a persistent wave of congestion(堵). “It’s a kind of phase _____34_____,” like water turning from a liquid to a solid form, says Katsuhiro Nishinari, a mathematical physicist at the University of Tokyo. Nishinari’s previous research had shown that foraging ants can _____35_____ their flow even at high densities. So what’s their secret? In a recent study published in Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, researchers recorded Ochetellus ants on foraging trails and used traffic-engineering models to analyze their movement. They found that the ants don’t jam because they travel in groups of 3 to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another-and they don’t _____36_____ to pass others. Human drivers at rush hour are hardly _____37_____ to follow such rules. “We’re maximizing the _____38_____ of individuals, which is why, at a given point, you start to have a traffic jam,” says study co-author Nicola Pugno, who studies solid mechanics at the University of Trento in Italy. But self-driving cars, if they one day become ubiquitous (普遍的), could have more _____39_____ programming. In one vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars to optimize traffic flow-perhaps, the researchers suggest, by prioritizing constant speeds and headways or by not passing others on the road. This vehicle network would be ______40______ to ants on a trail, which use scent to coordinate behavior while interacting with one another. “There is no leader, but this organization emerges anyway,” says Noa Pinter-Wollman, a behavioral scientist studying ants at the University of California, Los Angeles. And in both ant and vehicle traffic, this type of distributed system can be “very, very strong and resilient”, Nishinari says. ______41______ ants can do a lot of things that cars even self-driving ones-can’t, Pinter-Wollman points out. Ants can forge trails as wide as they like, unlike drivers stuck on highways. The insects do sometimes jam up when confined (限制) in tunnels, but to keep things moving, “they’ll find a way to walk on the ceiling,” she says. Plus, unlike cars, ants don’t ______42______ -they can literally walk over one another. Today’s drivers can learn ______43______ one thing from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam, Nishinari says: don’t tailgate. By leaving room between their car and the one ahead of them, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in dense traffic conditions that would ______44______ be amplified (放大) into a full-blown “phantom (幽灵)” traffic jam with no ______45______ cause. “Just keeping away,” he says, can help traffic flow smoothly. 31. A. manage B. attempt C. happen D. fail 32. A. movement B. density C. spacing D. speed 33. A. buttons B. gas C. brakes D. horn 34. A. transportation B. transition C. translation D. transcription 35. A. disrupt B. restart C. increase D. maintain 36. A. fasten up B. stay up C. speed up D. pull up 37. A. reluctant B. willing C. proud D. ashamed 38. A. resources B. interests C. rights D. options 39. A. creative B. competitive C. cooperative D. constructive 40. A. similar B. equal C. relevant D. superior 41. A. Overall B. Consequently C. Instead D. Still 42. A. collapse B. crack C. crush D. crash 43. A. at best B. at worst C. at least D. at most 44. A. ever B. otherwise C. yet D. already 45. A. primary B. reasonable C. likely D. obvious 【答案】31. A 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. D 36. C 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. A 41. D 42. D 43. C 44. B 45. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究者们正在研究蚂蚁如何通过合作策略避免交通拥堵，以帮助设计不会堵塞的自动驾驶汽车，并建议司机们向蚂蚁们学习不要跟车太近。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，真正的蚂蚁——与汽车不同——不知如何成功避免了走走停停的交通拥堵问题。A. manage设法做到；B. attempt努力，尝试；C. happen发生；碰巧；D. fail失败；不及格。根据下文“Researchers are now studying these insects’ cooperative tactics to learn how to program self-driving cars that don’t jam up.”可知，科研人员认为蚂蚁没有交通堵塞问题，短语manage to do意为“设法成功做了某事”符合语境。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当高速公路上的汽车密度增加时，交通的顺畅流动会变得不稳定。A. movement运动，动作；B. density密度； C. spacing间距；D. speed速度。根据“上文The free flow of traffic becomes unstable”及下文“At 15 vehicles per mile per lane,…”可知，此处说的是公路上的车辆多少问题，即密度。density符合语境，并与下文“Nishinari’s previous research had shown that foraging ants can __5__ their flow even at high densities.”中的densities呼应，原词复现。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在每英里每车道有15辆车的情况下，一名司机轻踩刹车就可能引发持续的拥堵波。A. buttons纽扣；按钮；B. gas气体；汽油；C. brakes刹车，制动系统；D. horn号角，喇叭。根据下文“can trigger a persistent wave of congestion”可知，路上车辆多时，有司机踩刹车停下来才可能会拥堵。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：东京大学的数学物理学家日比野克洋说：“这是一种相变，就像水从液态变为固态一样。”A. transportation交通，运输；B. transition过渡；转变；C. translation翻译；D. transcription转录；抄写。根据下文举例“like water turning from a liquid to a solid form”可知，这里指一种状态的转变 。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：日比野克洋之前的研究表明，觅食的蚂蚁即使在高密度的情况下也能保持其流动。A. disrupt扰乱；B. restart重新启动；C. increase增长；D. maintain保持；维修；维持。根据下文“They found that the ants don’t jam”可知，蚂蚁觅食从不会堵塞，即保持正常流动。故选D项。 【36题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们发现蚂蚁不会堵塞，因为它们以3到20只为一组的方式行进，这些小组以几乎恒定的速度移动，同时保持彼此之间的良好间距——而且它们不会加速超越别的蚂蚁。A. fasten up系紧，扎牢；B. stay up熬夜；C. speed up加速；D. pull up拉起，拔起；使停住。根据上文“that move at nearly constant rates”及空后“pass others”可知，蚂蚁队伍的成员都以恒定速度移动，不会有为了超过别的蚂蚁而加快速度的。故选C项。 【37题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在高峰时段，人类驾驶员几乎不愿意遵循这样的规则。A. reluctant不情愿的；B. willing愿意的；C. proud骄傲的，自豪的；D. ashamed羞愧的，内疚的。后面的such rules指的是上文“they travel in groups of 3 to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another-and they don’t ___6__ to pass others.”，由此可知，蚂蚁不会出现交通堵塞，是因为蚂蚁都以恒定速度行进，没有加速超越别人的，而这里指人类司机不愿意遵守这样的规则，总想自己开快点。故选B项。 【38题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们是在最大化个人利益，这就是为什么在某个时刻，你开始出现交通堵塞，A. resources资源；B. interests兴趣；利益；利息；C. rights权利；D. options选择，选项。根据上文“Human drivers at rush hour are hardly ___7_ to follow such rules.”可知，人类司机不愿意向蚂蚁那样遵守恒定速度，总想着自己的个人利益，不顾及他人。故选B项。 【39题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但如果有一天自动驾驶汽车变得无处不在，它们可能会有更具合作性的编程。A. creative创新的；B. competitive竞争性的；C. cooperative合作的；D. constructive建设性的。根据上文“Researchers are now studying these insects’ cooperative tactics to learn how to program self-driving cars that don’t jam up.”及“Human drivers at rush hour are hardly __7___ to follow such rules.”可知，人类司机不愿遵守恒速法则，总想自己的利益而想超越他人，而本句这里指自动驾驶汽车有可能设计向蚂蚁那样相互合作的程序，此处cooperative呼应第一段中的cooperative，原词复现。故选C项。 【40题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种车辆网络将类似于蚂蚁在路径上的行为，蚂蚁通过气味相互协调行为。A. similar相似的；B. equal相等的；C. relevant相关的；D. superior优越的；高级的。根据上文“In one vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars to optimize traffic flow-perhaps, the researchers suggest, by prioritizing constant speeds and headways or by not passing others on the road.”及下文“ants on a trail, which use scent to coordinate behavior while interacting with one another.”可知，此处在比较自动驾驶汽车网络和蚂蚁觅食过程，这两者情况是相似的。故选A项。 【41题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不过，平特尔-沃尔曼指出，蚂蚁能做到很多事情，即使是自动驾驶汽车也做不到。A. Overall总体而言；B. Consequently结果；C. Instead相反；反而；D. Still然而；仍然。根据上文“This vehicle network would be ___10___ to ants on a trail, which use scent to coordinate behavior while interacting with one another.”及空后“ants can do a lot of things that cars even self-driving ones-can’t,”可知，上一段提到自动驾驶汽车网络和蚂蚁觅食队伍行进相似，本段表示蚂蚁还可以做到自动汽车做不到的事情，该空应该表示转折。故选D项。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，与汽车不同，蚂蚁不会相撞——它们可以逐一爬过彼此。A. collapse折叠；倒下，垮掉；B. crack爆裂，裂开；C. crush压碎；D. crash撞上；崩溃；坠毁。根据下文“they can literally walk over one another.”可知，蚂蚁可以从其他队友的身上爬过去，由此可知，他们之间不会像汽车那样相撞。故选D项。 【43题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：日比野克洋表示，今天的驾驶员至少可以从蚂蚁身上学到一件事以避免造成交通堵塞：不要跟车太近。A. at best最好；B. at worst最坏的情况；C. at least至少；D. at most最多。根据下文“one thing from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam, Nishinari says: don’t tailgate.”可知，此处只说明了一个，至少这一点是人类司机应该向蚂蚁学习的。故选C项。 【44题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过在自己的车和前面的车之间保持一定的距离，驾驶员可以在密集的交通条件下吸收刹车的冲击波，否则这种冲击波会被放大成一场毫无明显原因的“幽灵式交通堵塞”。A. ever曾经；B. otherwise否则的话；C. yet然而；D. already已经。根据上文“By leaving room between their car and the one ahead of them, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in dense traffic conditions”及下文“be amplified (放大) into a full-blown “phantom (幽灵)” traffic jam”可知，前文说保持适当车距就可以吸收刹车的冲击波，而空后表示这种冲击波会放大产生堵塞，由此推测，幽灵式堵塞是如果不保持车距，跟车很近造成的，otherwise符合语境。故选B项。 【45题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过在自己的车和前面的车之间保持一定的距离，驾驶员可以在密集的交通条件下吸收刹车的冲击波，否则这种冲击波会被放大成一场毫无明显原因的“幽灵式交通堵塞”。A. primary初级的，基本的；B. reasonable合理的；C. likely可能的；D. obvious明显的。根据前面“a full-blown “phantom (幽灵)” traffic jam”可知，被比喻为“幽灵式的”，那应该是令人难以理解的，没有明显的理由的。故选D项。 第二卷（55分） 五、首字母填空（共10题；每小题1分，满分10分） （请使用选必四Unit 2和新概念三Lesson 24 &25新学单词） 46. Police reports indicate that the driver was s________ with one hand and using his phone with the other when the accident occurred. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】steering##teering 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：警方报告显示，事故发生时司机一只手在操纵方向盘，另一只手在使用手机。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词steer“操纵（方向盘）”，与后面的using并列，应用现在分词，与was构成过去进行时。故填steering。 47. Modern container v________, some stretching over 400 meters in length, can carry more than 20,000 standard shipping containers at once. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】vessels##essels 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：现代集装箱船，有些长度超过400米，一次能运载超过20000个标准海运集装箱。根据“can carry more than 20,000 standard shipping containers at once”可知，此处说的是现代集装箱船，结合首字母提示可知，用名词vessel作主语，意为“船；舰”，结合“some stretching over 400 meters in length”可知，这里说的不止一艘船，应用复数形式。故填vessels。 48. The minister’s claim that the policy would just cause “minor disruptions” u________ the reality, for thousands of small businesses faced closure due to the new regulations. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】understated##nderstated 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：部长声称该政策只会造成“轻微干扰”，这低估了现实，因为由于新规定，成千上万的小企业面临倒闭。根据单词首字母以及句意可知用动词understate，作谓语，发生在过去用一般过去时。故填understated。 49. A single light bulb d________ from the warehouse ceiling, its flickering glow casting long shadows. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】dangled##angled 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：一个灯泡在仓库的天花板上悬挂着，它闪烁的光芒投下长长的影子。根据句子结构和语境，这里需要一个动词，且结合首字母“d”以及“from the warehouse ceiling”（从仓库天花板），可以推测出是“悬挂”的意思，“dangle”有“悬挂，吊着”的含义，而句子描述的是一种客观状态，用一般过去时更合适，“dangle”的过去式是 “dangled”。故填dangled。 50. The bank teller, p________ during the armed robbery, later told the police she was too frightened to notice anything. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】petrified##etrified 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：持械抢劫时，银行出纳员吓呆了，后来告诉警方，她太害怕了，什么都没注意到。根据单词首字母以及句意可知为动词petrify，且与The bank teller构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填petrified。 51. The t________ shelters built after the earthquake were meant to last six months, but three years later, families still live there amid delays in permanent housing. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】temporary##emporary 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：地震后建造的临时避难所本应持续六个月，但三年后，由于永久性住房的延误，许多家庭仍住在那里。作定语，结合首字母和句意，形容词temporary“暂时的，临时的”符合句意。故填temporary。 52. The f________ between Edison and Tesla wasn't just scientific; it was deeply personal, fueled by Edison's public ridicule of Tesla's AC current experiments. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】friction##riction 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：爱迪生和特斯拉之间的冲突不只是科学上的，更是个人层面的，这源于爱迪生对特斯拉交流电实验的公开嘲讽。根据首字母f及上下文，此处需填入表示“冲突”的名词friction，作主语。由谓语动词wasn't是第三人称单数可知，用单数，故填friction。 53. While the surgeon was technically c________, her lack of bedside manner left patients feeling uneasy despite successful outcomes. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】competent##ompetent 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管这位外科医生在技术上很有能力，但她对病人态度的缺乏让病人感到不安，尽管结果很成功。空处应填形容词作表语，结合句意及首字母提示可知，competent“有能力的”，形容词，符合题意，故填competent。 54. After tasting the new school lunch menu, the student council finally a________ of the changes, praising the chef’s creative use of local vegetables. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】approved##pproved 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：在品尝了新的学校午餐菜单后，学生会最终批准了这些变化，并赞扬了厨。根据句意和首字母可知，空处为approve of“赞成”。陈述过去的动作，为一般过去时。故填approved。 55. S________ firewood into symmetrical piles isn’t just about aesthetics — it ensures proper airflow to speed up drying. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】Stacking##tacking 【解析】 【详解】考查动名词。句意：将柴火堆放成对称的堆不仅仅是为了美观，还能确保适当的气流加速干燥。根据句意和首字母可知，空处为stack “使成整齐的一堆”，本句为动名词作主语，首字母大写。故填Stacking。 六、词组替换（共5题；每小题1分，满分5分） （请使用选必四Unit 2和新概念 Lesson 24 & 25) 词组替换 56. Countries around the world are affected by climate change more or less, with some racing more severe consequences than others. 57. Survivors of the earthquake described how they were frightened when they heard the deafening roar of collapsing buildings around them. 58. The CEO resigned after journalists uncovered his embarrassing secret — illegal dumping of the toxic waste in the 1990s. 59. The unusual weather patterns in the Pacific can be explained by the El Nino phenomenon which triggers extreme climate events worldwide. 60. In the 19th century, whaling ships often stopped during a journey at remote Pacific ports to refill supplies and recruit crew. 【答案】56. to varying degrees 57. their hair stood on end 58. a skeleton in the cupboard 59. be accounted for 60. called in 【解析】 【56题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：世界各国或多或少都受到气候变化的影响，一些国家要承受比其他国家更严重的后果。“more or less”意思是“或多或少”，“to varying degrees”意思是“在不同程度上；或多或少”，二者意思相近，可以进行替换。故答案为to varying degrees。 【57题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：地震的幸存者描述了他们听到周围建筑物倒塌时震耳欲聋的轰鸣声时是多么的恐惧。“they were frightened”意思是“他们感到害怕”，“their hair stood on end” 字面意思是 “头发竖起来了”，常用来形容人因为极度恐惧而毛骨悚然，与 “they were frightened”意思相近，能够更生动地表达出恐惧的状态，所以可以替换。故答案为their hair stood on end。 【58题详解】 考查固定习语。句意：在记者们揭露了这位首席执行官令人尴尬的秘密 ——20 世纪 90 年代非法倾倒有毒废物之后，他辞职了。“his embarrassing secret”意为“他的令人尴尬的秘密”，“a skeleton in the cupboard”是习语，意思是“不可外扬的家丑；隐情”，与“his embarrassing secret”意思相符，在该语境中可以进行替换。故答案为a skeleton in the cupboard。 【59题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：太平洋地区不寻常的天气模式可以用厄尔尼诺现象来解释，厄尔尼诺现象引发了全球范围内的极端气候事件。“be explained”意思是“被解释”，“be accounted for”意思是“对……作出解释；说明……的原因”，二者意思相近，所以“be explained”可以替换为“be accounted for”。故答案为be accounted for。 【60题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：在 19 世纪，捕鲸船在航行途中常常会在偏远的太平洋港口停留，以补充物资和招募船员。“stopped during a journey at”在这里表示 “在旅途中在……停留”，“called in”有“短暂停留；顺路拜访” 的意思，在这个句子中“stopped during a journey at”和“called in”意思相近，所以“stopped during a journey at”可以替换为“called in”。故答案为called in。 七、语法填空（共10题；每小题1分，满分10分） 语法填空 DeepSeek, a remarkable Chinese-made AI, has recently burst into the global spotlight. It ____61____ (develop) by a group of talented Chinese researchers with the aim of ____62____ (advance) artificial intelligence technology. What makes DeepSeek stand out is its powerful capabilities. It can handle a wide range of tasks, from natural language processing to image recognition. In natural language processing, it can generate high-quality text, answer complex questions accurately, ____63____ even engage in intelligent conversations. When it comes to image recognition, it can identify various objects and scenes with impressive precision. The success of DeepSeek is not ____64____ (accident). It benefits from the continuous investment in AI research in China and ____65____ rich talent pool in this field. The researchers behind DeepSeek ____66____ (make) numerous efforts to improve its algorithms and performance. They have also incorporated the latest technology breakthroughs into the development process. Moreover, DeepSeek has found a wide range of ____67____ (apply) in many industries. In the medical field, it can assist doctors ____68____ diagnosing diseases by analyzing medical images and patient data. In the education sector, it can provide ____69____ (personalize) learning resources for students. In the business world, it can help companies with market analysis and customer service. ____70____ DeepSeek continues to gain popularity, it is playing an increasingly important role in promoting international cooperation in the Al field. It shows the world the remarkable achievements of Chinese Al technology and boosts the confidence of the Chinese scientific community. 【答案】61. was developed 62. advancing 63. and 64. accidental 65. a 66. have made 67. applications 68. in 69. personalized 70. As 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国人工智能DeepSeek及其在人工智能领域和应用和影响。 【61题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：它是由一群才华横溢的中国研究人员开发的，旨在推进人工智能技术。It 指代 DeepSeek，与develop之间是被动关系，且此处描述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态 was developed。故填was developed。 【62题详解】 考查动名词。句意：它是由一群才华横溢的中国研究人员开发的，旨在推进人工智能技术。空前of 是介词，后面接动名词形式。故填advancing。 【63题详解】 考查连词。句意：在自然语言处理方面，它可以生成高质量的文本，准确回答复杂的问题，甚至可以进行智能对话。根据句意可知，句子中“generate high-quality text”、“answer complex questions accurately”和“engage in intelligent conversations”是并列关系，用and连接。故填and。 【64题详解】 考查形容词。句意：DeepSeek的成功并非偶然。此处用形容词作表语，accident 的形容词形式是 accidental，表示“偶然的；意外的”。故填accidental。 【65题详解】 考查冠词。句意：它受益于中国对人工智能研究的持续投资以及该领域丰富的人才库。根据句意以及空后talent pool为单数名词可知，此处为表示泛指一个“人才库”，结合rich为首音节辅音单词，所以为不定冠词a的填入。故填a。 【66题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：DeepSeek背后的研究人员已经做出了大量努力来改进其算法和性能。根据语境，此处强调过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，主语The researchers 是复数，所以为助动词用have。故填have made。 【67题详解】 考查名词复数形式。句意：此外，DeepSeek在许多行业中都有广泛的应用。a wide range of 后接可数名词复数，apply的名词形式是application，其复数形式是applications。故填applications。 【68题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：在医疗领域，它可以通过分析医学图像和患者数据来帮助医生诊断疾病。assist sb. in doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为“帮助某人做某事”。故填in。 【69题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在教育领域，它可以为学生提供个性化的学习资源。此处用形容词作定语，修饰 learning resources，personalize的形容词形式是 personalized，表示“个性化的”。故填personalized。 【70题详解】 考查时间状语从句。句意：随着DeepSeek的不断普及，它在推动人工智能领域的国际合作方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。根据语境，此处为连词As表示“随着”，引导时间状语从句，满足句意要求。故填As。 八、写作 读后续写（满分30分） 71. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 In the busy city of New York, a man named Alex spent nearly 30 years searching for his long-lost childhood best friend, Sam. Growing up together in the same neighbourhood, they had shared countless memories and adventures. From exploring hidden corners of the neighbourhood park to sharing secrets under the night sky, their friendship was a storybook tale. But when Sam’s family suddenly moved away during their teenage years, that story was left unfinished. Despite the passage of time, Alex never forgot Sam and the bond they shared. Over the years, Alex tried every possible means to locate Sam. He checked old phone books, contacted many friends, and even used social media, but all his efforts were in vain. It seemed as if Sam had disappeared into the air. Yet, the bond they once shared kept Alex’s hope alive. One day, while looking through an old photo album, Alex came across a faded picture of Sam and himself, taken during a summer camp they had attended as kids. The photo captured (记录下) Sam’s wide smile and his signature gesture, running his hand through his brown thick curly (卷曲的) hair. Alex couldn’t help recalling their happy times—swimming in the lake, telling stories by the campfire and laughing together. Feeling hopeful, He got in touch with the camp organisers, hoping they might have some clues. Luckily, the camp had maintained records of past attendees and they were able to provide Alex with a list of potential contacts. Weeks passed as Alex reached out to each name on the list. It wasn’t until he contacted the last name on the list that he finally got a breakthrough. The person on the other end of the line was Sam’s cousin, who had kept in touch with Sam over the years. She was excited to hear from Alex and immediately gave Alex Sam’s number. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 With shaking hands, Alex picked up his cell phone. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When Alex approached the park entrance, a familiar figure came into view. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 With shaking hands, Alex picked up his cell phone. The heart racing, he had no idea what to expect. What if Sam didn’t remember him? Barely did he breathe until a voice—familiar yet different—answered, “Alex? Is that really you?” Both choked up. Words seemed inadequate to express the years of longing and the joy of reconnection. By the end of the call, there was only one thing left to do: meet in person. They agreed to meet at the old neighbourhood park. As Alex hung up, a smile spread across his face. When Alex approached the park entrance, a familiar figure came into view. Sam, running his hand through his brown thick curly hair, greeted him with a bright smile and stepped forward, arms wide open. They hugged tightly, laughing heartily as if no time at all had separated them. The two spent the entire day exchanging stories of the past and the present. Alex was touched to learn that Sam, too, had tried to find him over the years. They were picking up the story right where they left off. No matter how much time had changed, true friendship would never end. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Alex在纽约寻找失联30年的童年好友Sam，两人曾共同度过无数美好时光，但Sam搬家后失去联系。多年来，Alex通过各种方式寻找Sam，却始终无果。直到有一天Alex在旧相册中发现一张照片，通过联系夏令营组织者，最终得到了Sam的联系方式。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“Alex颤抖着双手拿起手机。”可知，第一段可描写Alex紧张地拨打电话与Sam重逢，并约定见面。 ②由第二段首句内容“当Alex走近公园入口时，一个熟悉的身影映入眼帘。”可知，第二段可描写Alex和Sam在旧社区公园见面的场景。 2.续写线索：激动地打电话——言语无法表达喜悦——约定见面——见面——拥抱——分享故事——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①心跳加速：heart race/heart beat wildly ②同意见面：agree to meet/consent to a meeting ③拥抱：hug/embrace 情绪类 ①高兴：joy/delight ②感动的：touched/moved 【点睛】[高分句型1] Barely did he breathe until a voice—familiar yet different—answered, “Alex? Is that really you?” (部分倒装句和until引导的时间状语从句) [高分句型2] As Alex hung up, a smile spread across his face. (由as引导的时间状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 南京外国语学校 2024-2025学年度第二学期期中高二年级 英语试题（A卷） 第一卷（95分） 一、听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What has the woman begun doing lately? A. Doing gardening. B. Learning cooking. C. Recycling rainwater. 2. What does the man say about virtual classrooms? A. They are convenient. B. They are expensive. C. They require travel. 3. What does the man plan to do tomorrow? A. Take an athletic test. B. Join a study group. C. Watch a sports race. 4. How many more trees can the machine plant than a person? A. About a quarter more. B. About a third more. C. About a half more. 5. Where are the speakers probably? A. In the classroom. B. At a hospital. C. On a ski field. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What kind of influencers does the woman like? A. Fitness. B. Beauty. C. Travel. 7. What attitude does the man have towards the influencer economy? A. Opposed. B. Watchful. C. Welcoming. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8 What has the weather been like in the UK recently? A. Rainy. B. Hot. C. Windy. 9. What is the problem with humans according to Aimee? A. Not respecting science. B. Denying climate change. C. Doing bad things to the earth. 10. What is the man’s attitude towards the climate change theory? A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Insecure. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What is the company working on? A. Green energy. B. Urban planning. C. Digital innovation. 12. What does the woman think of the man? A. Capable. B. Flexible. C. Humorous. 13. What is special about the new office building? A. It will be culture-rich. B. It will be eco-friendly. C. It will be artistic-looking. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. What do we learn about hat factories in Britain? A. They have all been turned into movie theaters. B. Nearly all of them closed down decades ago. C. They have adapted to meet fashion changes. 15. What does the man say about most people in London? A. They don't speak foreign languages. B. They enjoy watching foreign movies. C. They don't go to movie theaters often. 16. What does the woman say about foreign movies shown in London? A. They attract large crowds of young Londoners. B. They are hard for English people to appreciate. C. They have an English translation on the screen. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. According to a recent research conducted in Australia, what has a lasting impact on one's life? A. The time one starts school. B. The school that one attends. C. The relationship with classmates. 18. What was the purpose of the Australian research? A. To help parents decide when to send their children to school. B. To find causes for differences in the participants' performance. C. To offer constructive suggestions for making educational policies. 19. Who were the participants in the researcher's first study? A. Political leaders. B. Professional athletes. C. High-school students. 20. According to the researchers, what is one characteristic of successful people? A. Leadership ability. B. Risk-taking. C. Self-confidence. 二、单项选择（共10题；每小题1分，满分10分） 1 Apples are sorted by _________ size and then packaged by _________ box. A. 不填；不填 B. the; the C. 不填；the； D. the; 不填 2. What to read this week? The classics of literature around the world may give you some_________, which is profound and also accessible. A. interpretation B. inspiration C. innovation D. invitation 3. The art gallery showcased more than millions of dollars _________ of paintings, attracting collectors from around the globe. A. sum B. rate C. worth D. profit 4. The students from different countries shared their_________ cultures and traditions during the international exchange program, which enriched their knowledge and perspectives. A. respected B. respectable C. respectful D. respective 5. The scenery of this small town is _________ beautiful than that of those famous attractions, but its number of tourists is very small. A. not so B. no more C. not too D. no less 6. -Look at Mary staring at her phone! --_________, she’s waiting for an important message. A. Typically B. Occasionally C. Accordingly D. Apparently 7. It is not only poor people who feel desperate. Rich people sometimes feel desperate, and _________. A. just helplessly B. less helplessly C. as helplessly D. so helplessly 8. It is almost ten years since she left her hometown, and she _________ as a manager in a multinational corporation. A. served B. had served C. is serving D. would serve 9. —Did you have to work overtime last night? —No, I didn’t, but I _________ if my colleague hadn’t helped me finish the report. A. would have B. probably have C. would do D. might do 10. —Should I ask the boss if he’s upset at my missing the deadline? —If he hasn’t said anything about it, just_________. A let sleeping dogs lie B. make hay while the sun shines C. put yourself in his shoes D. take the bull by the horns 三、阅读（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15题；每小题2分，满分30分） A World Book Day 2025 Announcements World Book Day will be held on 61 March 2025. Keep an eye on this space as we update it with announcements on our 2025 events, activities, and partnerships that will ensure that more children than ever can have the opportunity to discover a love of reading. THE £1/£1.50 BOOK SELECTION We’re delighted to share with you the line-up of £1/€1.50 books for 2025 that children can choose for free with their £1/€1.50 book token! The books will be available from booksellers from 13 February 2025. We’re so excited to be working with Nielsen Book Data again this year to give you an exclusive sneak peek of a few pages of each of the £1/€1.50 World Book Day books. Use their brilliant ‘look inside’ feature to help you choose which book you want in exchange for your £1/€1.50 book token! The token redemption period is from 13 February to 23 March 2025. World Book Day Online Events: BEN DEAN VIRTUAL EVENT (06/03/25) How do you write an edge-of-your-seat thriller? Join former celebrity journalist, master of suspense, and WBD £1 book author Ben Dean to find out in this virtual session for secondary schools. In this session Ben will introduce his story for older readers This Story is a Lie. BBC LIVE LESSON (06/03/25) We’ll be celebrating the joy of books, authors and reading for pleasure in a World Book Day lesson for 7-11 year-olds. POBBLE’S FREE WRITING LESSON (06/03/25) Step into the Magic Library with Pobble this World Book Day! Join our free live writing session, designed to inspire children aged 7-11 to create magical stories based on their favourite books. Perfect for celebrating the joy of reading and writing! To sign up for any of our digital events click here. 11. What can children do before they decide which £1/€1.50 book to choose? A. Glance at some pages of the books. B. Read the book for free for one day. C. Appreciate the illustrations inside. D. Look at the comments of the book. 12. What do the online activities have in common? A. They all involve creative writing. B. They all charge fees for registration. C. They all promote reading and literacy. D. They all target at senior high students. 13. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A website on extreme sports. B. A website on volunteer programs. C. A website on educational resources. D. A website on youth science carnivals. B Visit any antiques store and you’ll encounter artifacts from the past, photographs, letters, a brochure detailing the Sinclair dinosaur exhibit from the 1964-65 World’s Fair, the ephemera (昙花一现之物) of history. Yet these objects aren’t truly ephemeral, because they’re still here, decades, even centuries later. Why? Because they’re tangible. Have you thought about the life cycle of intangible formats, digital information, given that those who produce these artifacts seldom make preparations for their long-term preservation? At the time of creation, no attempts were made at intentional preservation, yet analog (模拟的) materials have a chance of surviving and serving as the historical record that biographers, historians, and novelists rely on. Libraries and archives have traditionally shouldered the responsibility of organization, preservation, and access to information. Librarians digitize the tangible so that researchers the world over can quickly search and access their holdings. However, librarians’ selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access by holding up a cell phone and saying, “it’s all in here” as evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today. Yet how was that universality of access made possible and, perhaps more importantly, how is it maintained? Who tends to what is preserved? When it comes to born-digital information, the terrifying answer can be if not librarians and archivists, then no one. Digital information requires a great deal more care than analog. Even when a digital object is preserved, it may only be the carrier that’s saved, not the information itself. As technology advances and a format becomes obsolete (过时的), the object is useless. Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk, thinking: how do I get the files off this? Without constant migration of digital assets, a nightmare about the foreseeable future is what keeps historians up at night: a historical record that suddenly stops when digital replaces analog. As a librarian whose day job revolves around special collections and digital assets I share the night terrors of historians, and I’d be lying if I said a comprehensive preservation solution currently exists. Yet researchers can take some comfort in the fact that there are a large number of librarians devoted to discovering, organizing, and preserving digital information for researchers current and future. While future researchers may find the digital realm a challenging place to do their work, they won’t find it an impossible one. 14. Why does the author mention the artifacts from the past? A. To bring up the issue of preservation. B. To comment on their historical value. C. To contrast them with everyday items. D. To introduce the collection of antiques. 15. According to paragraph 3, what may librarians’ work result in? A. Oversupply of materials. B. Undervaluation of libraries. C Researchers’ underperformance. D. Users’ overreliance on technology. 16. Why is the “ZIP disk” cited as an example? A. To explain the way of getting off files saved in their carriers. B. To show the development of constantly migrating digital assets. C. To illustrate the possibility of losing information in obsolete formats. D. To reveal the inconvenience of storing information on analog devices. 17. Which of the following best summarizes the text? A. Hard work should be done to preserve artifacts. B. Contributions of librarians should be recognized. C. Accessing databases is essential to researchers. D. Keeping digital historical records is a challenge. C When was the last time you ate and only focused on eating? Many of us eat while working, fiddling with our smartphones or on the go. Distracted eating, as it is termed in scientific literature, coincides with greater flexibility in where we can eat our food and the accessibility of distractions. As a result, “you get this weird blend of different activities. They’re no longer fixed to certain places and times,” said Lotte van Dillen, a professor of social psychology at Leiden University. “You can do everything anywhere at any moment. That’s not good.” When van Dillen and her colleagues conducted studies of large, representative samples of people in the Netherlands, they found a “surprisingly consistent” result: Roughly 70 to 75 percent of the time, people are distracted and doing something else when they eat. Distracted eating could have adverse (不利的) health consequences. Studies show that when we are distracted, we tend to eat more. And when we are done eating, we are more likely to eat again sooner. In turn, regular distracted eating is associated with weight gain. At the same time, distractions prevent us from fully tasting or enjoying what we are eating by disrupting signals in our brain. Despite eating more, “it’s kind of tragic that you’re not enjoying it so much,” van Dillen said. When we eat, our guts (肠道) getting full, a process which takes about 20 minutes. But being distracted makes it harder to release satiety hormones that signal to our brains that we are experience these satiety signals. Distractions add cognitive load to our brains that competes with and reduces our ability to sense not only the amount of food and how full we are getting, but also its taste. In an early experiment from a 2013 study, van Dillen and her colleagues had 42 participants sweeten their own lemonade with sugary syrup to taste. Some were distracted by an easy cognitive task (memorizing a one-digit number), while others had a harder one (memorizing a seven-digit number). Those challenged with the harder mental task added a whopping 50 percent more of the sugary syrup but did not report their drink as sweeter than participants doing the easier mental task. In a follow-up 2023 study published in the journal Appetite, van Dillen and her colleagues put 46 participants in an FMRI brain scanner and fed them sugar water of different sweetness levels through a bundle of tubes. When participants had a more challenging cognitive task, they rated the strong sugar solution as less sweet than when the task was easy. In short, distractions have a “sledgehammer effect” on our senses, van Dillen said. In a 2024 study, van Dillen and her colleagues found evidence that distractions cause otherwise enjoyable activities such as eating a snack, reading a novel or watching TV, to feel less enjoyable that we expected. Feeling underwhelmed, we are more likely to overconsume to make up for this shortfall in enjoyment, engaging in what researchers call “hedonic (快乐的) compensation.” 18. Which of the following behaviors can be considered as “distracted eating”? A. You eat dinner at a fixed place and time. B. You eat snacks while working on your essay. C. You have breakfast in a relaxing environment. D. You have lunch at school without doing anything else. 19. What can we know about “satiety hormones” from paragraph 5? A. They make distractions. B. They stimulate appetite. C. They add cognitive load. D. They send satiety signals. 20. How did van Dillen and her colleagues carry out their experiments? A. By conducting interviews. B. By testing effectiveness. C. By making comparisons. D. By distributing surveys. 21. What can we learn from the studies? A. Distracted eating prompts us to taste more flavors. B. Fully experiencing the food can help us better enjoy it. C. Distractions fail to change how the brain processes taste. D. The food will be tasteless if we choose to do harder work. D I shrug my shoulders when people tell me that their first impressions of a person are always right. For my own part I find that the longer I know people the more they puzzle me: my oldest friends are just those of whom I can say that I don’t know anything about them. I was introduced to Edward Hyde Burton at the British Club. We played bridge together. He played a good game and a generous one. He did not talk very much, either then or later when we were having drinks, but what he said was sensible. He had a quiet, dry humour. He seemed to be popular at the club and afterwards, when he had gone, they described him as one of the best. I think the chief thing that struck me about Burton was his kindliness. There was something very pleasing in his mild blue eyes. His voice was gentle; you could not imagine that he could raise it in anger; his smile was kind. But there was nothing sentimental about him: he liked his game of cards and his cocktail, he could tell a good and spicy story, and in his youth he had been something of an athlete. He was a rich man and he had made every penny himself. I suppose one thing that made you like him was that he was so small and frail; he aroused your instincts of protection. You felt that he would not hurt a fly. One afternoon I met him in the lounge of the Grand Hotel and we talked about our common friends. “Do you know Lenny Burton?” said him. “No. I don’t believe I remember the name.” “He was quite a remarkable player. He seemed to have an instinct about the cards. It was uncanny. I used to play with him a lot. He was in Kobe for some time.” Burton sipped his gin. “It’s rather a funny story,” he said. “He was always well-dressed and he was handsome in a way, with curly hair and pink-and-white cheeks. Of course he drank too much. Fellows like him always do. A bit of money used to come in for him once a quarter and he made a bit more by card-playing. He won a good deal of mine, I know that.” Burton gave a kindly little chuckle. I knew from my own experience that he could lose money at bridge with a good grace. “I suppose that is why he came to me when he went broke, that and the fact that he was a namesake (同名) of mine. He came to see me in my office one day and asked me for a job. I was rather surprised. He told me that there was no more money coming from home and he wanted to work. I asked him how old he was.” Thirty-five,” he said. “And what have you been doing? I asked him. Well, nothing very much,” he said. “‘I’m afraid I can’t do anything for you just now,’ I said. ‘Come back and see me in another thirty-five years, and I’ll see what I can do.’ “He didn’t move. He went rather pale. He hesitated for a moment and then he told me that he had had bad luck at cards for some time. He hadn’t a penny. He’d pawned (典当) everything he had. He was down and out. If he couldn’t get a job he’d have to commit suicide. “‘Well, isn’t there anything you can do except play cards?’ I asked him. “‘I can swim,” he said. “‘Swim!’ “I could hardly believe my ears; it seemed such a silly answer. “I swam for my university.’ “I was a pretty good swimmer myself when I was a young man,’ I said. “Suddenly I had an idea.” Pausing in his story, Burton turned to me. “Do you know Kobe?” he asked. “No,” I said, “I passed through it once, but I only spent a night there.” “Then you don’t know the Shioya Club. When I was a young man I swam from there round the beacon and landed at the creek of Tarumi. It’s over three miles and it’s rather difficult on account of the currents round the beacon. Well, I told my young namesake about it and I said to him that if he’d do it I’d give him a job. “I could see he was rather taken aback (震惊的). “You say you’re a swimmer,’ I said. “I’m not in very good condition,” he answered. “I didn’t say anything. I shrugged my shoulders. He looked at me for a moment and then he nodded. “All right,” he said. “When do you want me to do it?’ “I looked at my watch. It was just after ten. “The swim shouldn’t take you much over an hour and a quarter. I’ll drive round to the creek at half past twelve and meet you. I’ll take you back to the club to dress and then we’ll have lunch together.’ “Done,” he said. “We shook hands. I wished him good luck and he left me. I had a lot of work to do that morning and I only just managed to get to the creek at half past twelve. But I needn’t have hurried; he never turned up.” “Did he get frightened at the last moment?” I asked. “No, he didn’t. He started all right. But of course he’d ruined his health by drink. The currents round the beacon were more than he could manage. We didn’t get the body for about three days.” I didn’t say anything for a moment or two. I was a little shocked. Then I asked Burton a question. “When you made him that offer of a job, did you know that he’d be drowned?” He gave a little mild chuckle and he looked at me with those kind blue eyes of his. He rubbed his chin with his hand. “Well, I hadn’t got a vacancy in my office at the moment.” --adapted from Somerset Maugham's story A Friend In Need 22. What did the author think of Edward Burton according to paragraph 2? A. He was afraid of insects. B. He was bad at sports. C. He was a self-made man. D. He was a terrible storyteller. 23. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 10 refer to? A. Edward often lost to Lenny in the Bridge. B. Lenny made little money by playing cards. C. Edward and Lenny were very close friends. D. Lenny stopped receiving money from home. 24. Why didn’t Lenny show up at the creek in the end? A. Because he gave up in the end. B. Because he forgot the appointment. C. Because he was sent to hospital. D. Because he lost his life in the water. 25. What can we learn about Edward’s personality from the ending? A. Humorous and sensible. B. Gentle and kind-hearted. C. Impulsive and pessimistic. D. Hypocritical and hard-hearted. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a non-disabled woman. In another study, subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble (绊脚) and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his face; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to receive aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In understanding these and other research findings, two themes are important. ____26____ ____27____ For example, in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be mailed, but had apparently been “lost”. The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very good-looking person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to mail the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive. The degree of similarity between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. ____28____ In another study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a plain T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words. ____29____ For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone money to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for health than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be sick rather than drunk. ____30____ A. Whether a person receives help depends in part on the “worth” of the case. B. It’s interesting to consider the factors that influence whether or not someone will offer help to another person. C. Cultural differences and communication obstacles can both affect how people respond. D. We are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think deserve assistance. E. People might donate more to an arts program than for car repairs, despite the latter’s necessity, due to the perceived community value of art. F. In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. G. People are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. 四、完形填空（共15题；每小题1分，满分15分） From an airplane, cars crawling down the highway look like ants. But actual ants-unlike cars-somehow _____31_____ to avoid the problem of stop-and-go traffic. Researchers are now studying these insects’ cooperative tactics to learn how to program self-driving cars that don’t jam up. The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the _____32_____ of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver tapping the _____33_____ can trigger a persistent wave of congestion(堵). “It’s a kind of phase _____34_____,” like water turning from a liquid to a solid form, says Katsuhiro Nishinari, a mathematical physicist at the University of Tokyo. Nishinari’s previous research had shown that foraging ants can _____35_____ their flow even at high densities. So what’s their secret? In a recent study published in Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, researchers recorded Ochetellus ants on foraging trails and used traffic-engineering models to analyze their movement. They found that the ants don’t jam because they travel in groups of 3 to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another-and they don’t _____36_____ to pass others. Human drivers at rush hour are hardly _____37_____ to follow such rules. “We’re maximizing the _____38_____ of individuals, which is why, at a given point, you start to have a traffic jam,” says study co-author Nicola Pugno, who studies solid mechanics at the University of Trento in Italy. But self-driving cars, if they one day become ubiquitous (普遍的), could have more _____39_____ programming. In one vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars to optimize traffic flow-perhaps, the researchers suggest, by prioritizing constant speeds and headways or by not passing others on the road. This vehicle network would be ______40______ to ants on a trail, which use scent to coordinate behavior while interacting with one another. “There is no leader, but this organization emerges anyway,” says Noa Pinter-Wollman, a behavioral scientist studying ants at the University of California, Los Angeles. And in both ant and vehicle traffic, this type of distributed system can be “very, very strong and resilient”, Nishinari says. ______41______ ants can do a lot of things that cars even self-driving ones-can’t, Pinter-Wollman points out. Ants can forge trails as wide as they like, unlike drivers stuck on highways. The insects do sometimes jam up when confined (限制) in tunnels, but to keep things moving, “they’ll find a way to walk on the ceiling,” she says. Plus, unlike cars, ants don’t ______42______ -they can literally walk over one another. Today’s drivers can learn ______43______ one thing from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam, Nishinari says: don’t tailgate. By leaving room between their car and the one ahead of them, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in dense traffic conditions that would ______44______ be amplified (放大) into a full-blown “phantom (幽灵)” traffic jam with no ______45______ cause. “Just keeping away,” he says, can help traffic flow smoothly. 31. A. manage B. attempt C. happen D. fail 32. A. movement B. density C. spacing D. speed 33. A. buttons B. gas C. brakes D. horn 34. A. transportation B. transition C. translation D. transcription 35. A. disrupt B. restart C. increase D. maintain 36. A. fasten up B. stay up C. speed up D. pull up 37. A. reluctant B. willing C. proud D. ashamed 38. A. resources B. interests C. rights D. options 39. A. creative B. competitive C. cooperative D. constructive 40. A. similar B. equal C. relevant D. superior 41. A. Overall B. Consequently C. Instead D. Still 42. A. collapse B. crack C. crush D. crash 43. A. at best B. at worst C. at least D. at most 44. A. ever B. otherwise C. yet D. already 45. A. primary B. reasonable C. likely D. obvious 第二卷（55分） 五、首字母填空（共10题；每小题1分，满分10分） （请使用选必四Unit 2和新概念三Lesson 24 &25新学单词） 46. Police reports indicate that the driver was s________ with one hand and using his phone with the other when the accident occurred. (根据首字母单词拼写) 47. Modern container v________, some stretching over 400 meters in length, can carry more than 20,000 standard shipping containers at once. (根据首字母单词拼写) 48. The minister’s claim that the policy would just cause “minor disruptions” u________ the reality, for thousands of small businesses faced closure due to the new regulations. (根据首字母单词拼写) 49. A single light bulb d________ from the warehouse ceiling, its flickering glow casting long shadows. (根据首字母单词拼写) 50. The bank teller, p________ during the armed robbery, later told the police she was too frightened to notice anything. (根据首字母单词拼写) 51. The t________ shelters built after the earthquake were meant to last six months, but three years later, families still live there amid delays in permanent housing. (根据首字母单词拼写) 52. The f________ between Edison and Tesla wasn't just scientific; it was deeply personal, fueled by Edison's public ridicule of Tesla's AC current experiments. (根据首字母单词拼写) 53. While the surgeon was technically c________, her lack of bedside manner left patients feeling uneasy despite successful outcomes. (根据首字母单词拼写) 54. After tasting the new school lunch menu, the student council finally a________ of the changes, praising the chef’s creative use of local vegetables. (根据首字母单词拼写) 55. S________ firewood into symmetrical piles isn’t just about aesthetics — it ensures proper airflow to speed up drying. (根据首字母单词拼写) 六、词组替换（共5题；每小题1分，满分5分） （请使用选必四Unit 2和新概念 Lesson 24 & 25) 词组替换 56. Countries around the world are affected by climate change more or less, with some racing more severe consequences than others. 57. Survivors of the earthquake described how they were frightened when they heard the deafening roar of collapsing buildings around them. 58. The CEO resigned after journalists uncovered his embarrassing secret — illegal dumping of the toxic waste in the 1990s. 59. The unusual weather patterns in the Pacific can be explained by the El Nino phenomenon, which triggers extreme climate events worldwide. 60. In the 19th century, whaling ships often stopped during a journey at remote Pacific ports to refill supplies and recruit crew. 七、语法填空（共10题；每小题1分，满分10分） 语法填空 DeepSeek, a remarkable Chinese-made AI, has recently burst into the global spotlight. It ____61____ (develop) by a group of talented Chinese researchers with the aim of ____62____ (advance) artificial intelligence technology. What makes DeepSeek stand out is its powerful capabilities. It can handle a wide range of tasks, from natural language processing to image recognition. In natural language processing, it can generate high-quality text, answer complex questions accurately, ____63____ even engage in intelligent conversations. When it comes to image recognition, it can identify various objects and scenes with impressive precision. The success of DeepSeek is not ____64____ (accident). It benefits from the continuous investment in AI research in China and ____65____ rich talent pool in this field. The researchers behind DeepSeek ____66____ (make) numerous efforts to improve its algorithms and performance. They have also incorporated the latest technology breakthroughs into the development process. Moreover, DeepSeek has found a wide range of ____67____ (apply) in many industries. In the medical field, it can assist doctors ____68____ diagnosing diseases by analyzing medical images and patient data. In the education sector, it can provide ____69____ (personalize) learning resources for students. In the business world, it can help companies with market analysis and customer service. ____70____ DeepSeek continues to gain popularity, it is playing an increasingly important role in promoting international cooperation in the Al field. It shows the world the remarkable achievements of Chinese Al technology and boosts the confidence of the Chinese scientific community. 八、写作 读后续写（满分30分） 71. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 In the busy city of New York, a man named Alex spent nearly 30 years searching for his long-lost childhood best friend, Sam. Growing up together in the same neighbourhood, they had shared countless memories and adventures. From exploring hidden corners of the neighbourhood park to sharing secrets under the night sky, their friendship was a storybook tale. But when Sam’s family suddenly moved away during their teenage years, that story was left unfinished. Despite the passage of time, Alex never forgot Sam and the bond they shared. Over the years, Alex tried every possible means to locate Sam. He checked old phone books, contacted many friends, and even used social media, but all his efforts were in vain. It seemed as if Sam had disappeared into the air. Yet, the bond they once shared kept Alex’s hope alive. One day, while looking through an old photo album, Alex came across a faded picture of Sam and himself, taken during a summer camp they had attended as kids. The photo captured (记录下) Sam’s wide smile and his signature gesture, running his hand through his brown thick curly (卷曲的) hair. Alex couldn’t help recalling their happy times—swimming in the lake, telling stories by the campfire and laughing together. Feeling hopeful, He got in touch with the camp organisers, hoping they might have some clues. Luckily, the camp had maintained records of past attendees and they were able to provide Alex with a list of potential contacts. Weeks passed as Alex reached out to each name on the list. It wasn’t until he contacted the last name on the list that he finally got a breakthrough. The person on the other end of the line was Sam’s cousin, who had kept in touch with Sam over the years. She was excited to hear from Alex and immediately gave Alex Sam’s number. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 With shaking hands, Alex picked up his cell phone. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When Alex approached the park entrance, a familiar figure came into view. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $