专题08 概要写作（16区二模真题速递）-【好题汇编】2025年高考英语二模试题分类汇编（上海专用）

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题08 概要写作（16区二模真题速递） 全篇题型分析 题号 难度系数 详细知识点 1 0.65 科普知识 2 0.65 环境保护；人与环境 3 0.65 科普知识 4 0.4 社会问题与社会现象 5 0.65 社会问题与社会现象；城市 6 0.65 文学形式与文学作品；议论文 7 0.4 科普知识 8 0.65 建筑 9 0.4 环境保护；社会问题与社会现象 10 0.65 科普知识 ；议论文 11 0.65 科普知识 ；植物 12 0.65 方法/策略；社会问题与社会现象 13 0.65 科普知识 ；说明文 14 0.65 哲理感悟 15 0.65 社会问题与社会现象；政治政策 16 0.65 社会问题与社会现象 1．（2025·上海长宁·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Watch out for blue light! How many digital devices do you use throughout the day? If you’re like most people, you probably spend hours on your computer, cellphone or tablet. These devices are convenient and entertaining, but they all give off blue light. The question is: Should you be concerned? According to WebMD, there is no current proof that regular exposure to blue light leads to long-term damage to your eyes. Yet several other studies seem to demonstrate a connection between blue light and eye damage. Due to these different opinions, it is essential that people study more to determine if blue light is bad for one’s health. Sunlight contains different colors of light, each with different wavelengths and energy levels. Blue wavelengths are good for people during daylight hours because they can boost one’s attention, reaction times and mood. But the concern is that blue’s wavelength is very close to that of ultraviolet (UV) (紫外线的) light. Research has long shown that ultraviolet (UV) rays can cause eye damage. Some studies suggest a troublesome connection between eye tissue damage and blue-light wavelengths ranging between 415 and 455 nanometers (纳米). Most digital devices have wavelengths that measure between 400 and 490 nanometers so that many think that this fact, alone, establishes a cause for concern. Blue light is also believed to affect your sleep cycle. It helps to manage your wake-and-sleep patterns by providing energy keeping you awake during the day. Nevertheless, the same energy becomes an issue at night as it misleads your body into believing it’s still daytime, leaving you incapable of attaining a restful night’s sleep. To lessen the potential risks, several practical strategies can be employed. Simple actions like reducing the screen brightness and using blue-light-blocking applications can effectively decrease your exposure to blue light. However, the most effective approach is to avoid using digital devices for a few hours before going to bed.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Opinions vary on whether blue light from digital devices impairs health. While it can boost alertness during the day, people worry it might damage eyesight with its particular wavelength and disrupt sleep. To reduce risks, people can lower screen brightness, use relevant apps and most effectively avoid screen use before bedtime. (51 words) 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字设备发出的蓝光对健康的影响及减少潜在风险的策略。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①According to WebMD, there is no current proof that regular exposure to blue light leads to long-term damage to your eyes. Yet several other studies seem to demonstrate a connection between blue light and eye damage. ②Blue wavelengths are good for people during daylight hours because they can boost one’s attention, reaction times and mood. But the concern is that blue’s wavelength is very close to that of ultraviolet (UV) light. ③Some studies suggest a troublesome connection between eye tissue damage and blue-light wavelengths ranging between 415 and 455 nanometers. ④Blue light is also believed to affect your sleep cycle. ⑤To lessen the potential risks, several practical strategies can be employed. Simple actions like reducing the screen brightness and using blue-light-blocking applications can effectively decrease your exposure to blue light. However, the most effective approach is to avoid using digital devices for a few hours before going to bed. 2.缜密构思将第1个要点中关于蓝光是否有害的不同观点进行提炼，作为文章开头引入话题。将第2、3个要点中关于蓝光对眼睛的影响进行整合。将第4个要点中关于蓝光对睡眠的影响单独成段。将第5个要点中关于减少蓝光风险的策略进行整合，作为文章结尾。 3.遣词造句Some studies believe that there is no current proof that regular exposure to blue light leads to long-term damage to your eyes, but several other studies seem to demonstrate a connection between blue light and eye damage. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Opinions vary on whether blue light from digital devices impairs health. (运用了whether引导的宾语从句，表达了对蓝光是否有害的不同观点，对原文第一、二段进行了概括。) 【高分句型2】While it can boost alertness during the day, people worry it might damage eyesight with its particular wavelength and disrupt sleep. (运用了while引导的让步状语从句，对比了蓝光白天的积极作用和人们对其潜在危害的担忧，表达高级。对原文第三、四、五段进行了概括。) 2．（2025·上海松江·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as much as possible. You Could Have “Recycling Misconception”！ It might be time to throw your preconceptions about recycling in the garbage. A decades-long effort to educate people about recycling has mostly backfired, according to new research. The study, published in Nature Sustainability, found that an overemphasis on recycling has distracted us from better options for preventing waste. In open-ended surveys, Americans named recycling as the most effective thing they could do to reduce garbage in landfills, overlooking more successful strategies — such as generating less waste in the first place. The study revealed widespread confusion about the effectiveness of recycling. When asked to rank the Three Rs — “reduce, reuse, recycle” (already in the correct order) — in order of effectiveness, nearly half got the answer wrong. Michaela Barnett, a study author, first owes this “recycling misconception” to decades of campaigns initiated by corporations, which has shifted blame for waste pollution to individuals rather than companies producing disposable products, those made to be thrown away after use. Barnett’s study also showed many people placed plastic bags and coffee cups into recycling bins, while not all of them can be recycled. It’s not really their fault: Recycling rules are confusing. For instance, the “chasing arrows” symbol on plastics has misled consumers into believing many items are recyclable when they are not. Less than 10% of global plastic is recycled, despite survey respondents estimating it at 25%. Recycling, often overestimated as a cure-all in waste management, masks deeper systemic problems. True progress demands intentional reduction of consumption: choosing reusable cloth bags over single-use plastics; repairing old clothes instead of buying fast fashion. And true accountability must shift to corporations legally required to adopt sustainable manufacturing and eco-conscious design — ensuring they are responsible for using technology-based, large-scale solutions to reach clear carbon-reduction goals. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A study in Nature Sustainability shows the decades-long recycling education has backfired. People suffer from “recycling misconception”, overrating recycling and ignoring better waste-prevention methods. Corporate campaigns wrongly shift blame, and confusing rules mislead people. Recycling, overestimated as a fix-all, masks systemic issues. True progress needs reducing consumption and holding corporations accountable for sustainable practices. 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了人们存在“回收误区”这一现象及其背后的原因，并指出真正的垃圾处理进步方向。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①A decades-long effort to educate people about recycling has mostly backfired. ②An overemphasis on recycling has distracted us from better options for preventing waste. People overvalue recycling and overlook more successful waste-prevention strategies. ③“Recycling misconception” is owed to decades of campaigns initiated by corporations, which shift blame for waste pollution to individuals. Recycling rules are confusing, like the “chasing arrows” symbol misleading consumers. ④Recycling masks deeper systemic problems. True progress demands reducing consumption and corporations adopting sustainable manufacturing and eco-conscious design. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2要点整合，说明回收教育效果不佳及人们对回收的错误认知。第3要点单独阐述“回收误区”的成因。第4要点进行整合，突出真正的进步方向。 3. 遣词造句 A study in Nature Sustainability shows a decades-long effort to educate people about recycling has mostly backfired. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】A study in Nature Sustainability shows the decades-long recycling education has backfired. 运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第一段及第二段部分内容进行了概括。其中 shows后面省略了宾语从句引导词that，清晰地表明了研究的结果，使句子结构紧凑，表达简洁明了。 【高分句型 2】Recycling, overestimated as a fix-all, masks systemic issues. 运用了过去分词短语overestimated as a fix-all作后置定语，修饰Recycling，说明回收利用被过高估计这一情况，在一个简单句中巧妙地融入了对回收现状的评价，简洁而有力地传达了信息。 3．（2025·上海黄浦·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. When Questions Turn Self-Centered Does this situation sound familiar? A friend approaches and asks, “Hey, what are you up to this weekend?” You tell her you’re not sure, but nothing big. She replies with her own vivid plan. “I’m going to my lake house, and we’re having a massive bonfire.” What seemed like a genuine expression of interest in you suddenly shifts and becomes a chance for your friend to show off, complain or simply share about herself. I call this strategy “boomerasking,” and it happens constantly. Like the circling bend of a boomerang (回旋镖), boomeraskers ask a question, let their conversation partners answer and then immediately bring the focus of the conversation back to themselves. For many people, self-disclosure simply feels great. Still, most of us are sensitive to the fact that we can’t just walk around showing off and complaining and talking about ourselves all the time. So, we attempt to solve this problem with some indirect habits. But among all the seemingly skillful and obvious ways we attempt to mask our self-centeredness, boomcrasking might be the worst — because it takes away the amazing benefits that come from asking questions. Asking sincere questions, listening to others’ answers and following up on those answers may be the easiest and most powerful pathway to shared understanding and interpersonal connection. Boomerasking ruins the magic, however. Failing to follow up on your partner’s answer, and answering the question yourself instead, makes others feel like you don’t care about them — and probably didn’t care about them when you asked the question to begin with. So don’t boomerask! While sharing about yourself feels good and can bring us closer, when another person shares their perspective, focus on them. We should all aim to be more interested in our partners before we go back to proving how interesting we are ourselves. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Boomerasking is when someone asks a question but quickly makes the conversation about themselves. This indirect self-disclosure makes people feel good, but it reduces the benefits of real questions, like building understanding and connections. Also, this behavior can make others feel unimportant. So avoid boomerasking, and raise sincere questions and listen attentively to others’ responses. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，“回旋镖”是指某人问了一个问题，但很快就把话题转移到自己身上。这种间接的自我表露让人感觉良好，但它降低了真正问题的好处，比如建立理解和联系。而且，这种行为会让别人觉得自己不重要。因此，要避免问“回旋镖”问题，提出真诚的问题，并认真倾听他人的反应。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Like the circling bend of a boomerang (回旋镖), boomeraskers ask a question, let their conversation partners answer and then immediately bring the focus of the conversation back to themselves. ②For many people, self-disclosure simply feels great. But among all the seemingly skillful and obvious ways we attempt to mask our self-centeredness, boomcrasking might be the worst—because it takes away the amazing benefits that come from asking questions. ③Failing to follow up on your partner’s answer, and answering the question yourself instead, makes others feel like you don’t care about them — and probably didn’t care about them when you asked the question to begin with. ④Asking sincere questions, listening to others’ answers and following up on those answers may be the easiest and most powerful pathway to shared understanding and interpersonal connection. So don’t boomerask! 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分论。 3.遣词造句 Boomerasking is when someone asks a question but quickly makes the conversation about themselves. This indirect self-disclosure makes people feel good, but it reduces the benefits of real questions, like building understanding and connections. Also, this behavior can make others feel unimportant. So avoid boomerasking, and raise sincere questions and listen attentively to others’ responses. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Boomerasking is when someone asks a question but quickly makes the conversation about themselves. 运用when引导时间状语从对原文第二段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] So avoid boomerasking, and raise sincere questions and listen attentively to others’ responses. 用肯定祈使句对倒数第二段和最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 4．（2025·上海普陀·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Is It a Man or a Woman? As technologies become more human-like, there’s been a push to make them genderless. However, Stanford’s Ashley Martin suggests that people still have a fixed perception of gendered objects in traditional ways. While removing gender might seem like a simple way to fix it, Martin’s research indicates that gender remains a fundamental way people form connections with products. In her latest research, participants were asked to rate their attachment to male, female and genderless versions of a self-driving car named “Miuu.” Martin found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to the device –– and their interest in purchasing it. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless “Miuu” than ones with male or female voices. These findings suggest that gendering a product could lead to higher sales or more consumer loyalty. While gendering products may be good marketing, it may also emphasize outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The qualities commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. “In leadership domains, those are the qualities we want in our leaders, whereas women we see as kind and warm and affectionate,” Martin says. She notes that these qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender. For example, male voice assistants “got things done” and “found the information quickly”, whereas female voice assistants were described as “helpful”. Yet Martin’s study also found that creating a gender-neutral object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound gender-neutral, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she”. However, Martin sees a silver lining: she believes humanizing products can reduce or reverse stereotypes, like how women in leadership change perceptions. She hopes future research explores how to increase people’s attachment to objects without relying on gender norms. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】(for reference) Despite efforts to create genderless technology, Martin’s research shows people still assign and prefer gendered qualities, enhancing emotional connection and purchase. However, this strengthens the prejudices, with male traits viewed as more powerful and it’s difficult to make gender-neutral products. Martin suggests using humanizing to challenge perceptions to reshape perceptions of gender in society. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，Martin的研究表明，尽管人们在努力创造无性别的科技产品，但人们仍然会赋予并偏爱带有性别特征的产品，从而加强情感联系和购买。然而，这加强了偏见，男性特征被认为更强大，很难制造出中性的产品。马丁建议用人性化来挑战观念，重塑社会对性别的看法。 【详解】1.要点摘录： ① As technologies become more human-like, there’s been a push to make them genderless. However, Stanford’s Ashley Martin suggests that people still have a fixed perception of gendered objects in traditional ways. ② Martin found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to the device –– and their interest in purchasing it. ③ While gendering products may be good marketing, it may also emphasize outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The qualities commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. ④ Yet Martin’s study also found that creating a gender-neutral object was difficult. ⑤However, Martin sees a silver lining: she believes humanizing products can reduce or reverse stereotypes, like how women in leadership change perceptions. She hopes future research explores how to increase people’s attachment to objects without relying on gender norms. 2.缜密构思：将1、2点总结；3、4点总结；5要点分说。 3.遣词造句： Despite efforts to create genderless technology, Martin’s research shows people still assign and prefer gendered qualities, enhancing emotional connection and purchase. However, this strengthens the prejudices, with male traits viewed as more powerful and it’s difficult to make gender-neutral products. Martin suggests using humanizing to challenge perceptions to reshape perceptions of gender in society. 【点睛】【点睛】 【高分句型 1】Despite efforts to create genderless technology, Martin’s research shows people still assign and prefer gendered qualities, enhancing emotional connection and purchase.（运用了现在分词作状语） 【高分句型 2】Martin suggests using humanizing to challenge perceptions to reshape perceptions of gender in society.（运用了动名词作宾语） 5．（2025·上海青浦·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words.  Use your own words as far as possible. Are Big Cities Overrated? Judged by their revealed preferences, people love cities. Metropolises such as London and New York are overcrowded, with house prices to match. Across the world, 25% of people live in cities of over a million, up from just 15% six decades ago. Economists tend to think this is a great development. Cities, they argue, benefit from “agglomeration”, the consequence of so many people living in close quarters. For one thing, government and businesses can run more efficiently: scale helps everything from public transport to the hiring of staff. For another, finding the next big idea is easier when like-minded people crowd together. Although London makes up 15% of Britain’s population, it accounts for 22% of its economic output. But have economists overestimated the benefits of big cities? That is what a new working paper by Matthew Turner and David Weil, both of Brown University, suggests. Their analysis applies existing estimates of the impact of agglomeration on economic efficiency and the pace of invention to a model of the American economy. This allows the researchers to answer a question: how different would America look if, from 1900 to 2010, no urban area had grown to a population of more than 1 million people? According to their calculations, the answer is “not all that much”. Growth would have been slower, but only a bit: the researchers estimate that America’s total output would have been 8% lower in 2010 than it was in reality. As Mr. Weil puts it: “Without big cities, we would still have modern life as we know it.” There is plenty about city life that is unpleasant. In September, for instance, Eric Adams, New York’s mayor, organized a “National Urban Rat Summit”, as part of his “war on rats”. It’s evident that big cities don’t just offer growth; they come with their own sets of drawbacks and challenges as well. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】People increasingly live in big cities. While economists praise cities for offering agglomeration benefits like efficiency and innovation, a new study suggests their economic impact is overstated. Without large cities, America’s total output would only be slightly lower, and modern life still exists. Cities have drawbacks like rat problems. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论大城市是否被高估，指出人们倾向居住在大城市，经济学家认可大城市的集聚效益，但新研究表明其经济影响被高估，且大城市有弊端。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Judged by their revealed preferences, people love cities. ②Economists tend to think this is a great development. Cities, they argue, benefit from “agglomeration”. ③But have economists overestimated the benefits of big cities? That is what a new working paper by Matthew Turner and David Weil suggests. ④According to their calculations, the answer is “not all that much”. Growth would have been slower, but only a bit. ⑤There is plenty about city life that is unpleasant. 2. 缜密构思 将第1个要点直接保留，第2个要点保留核心观点，第3、4个要点整合说明新研究观点，第5个要点点明大城市有弊端。 3. 遣词造句 People increasingly live in big cities. Economists praise cities for agglomeration benefits. A new study suggests the economic impact of big cities is overstated. Without large cities, America’s total output would only be slightly lower. Cities have drawbacks. 【点睛】[高分句型1] While economists praise cities for offering agglomeration benefits like efficiency and innovation, a new study suggests their economic impact is overstated. (运用了while引导的让步状语从句，准确对比了经济学家观点和新研究观点) [高分句型2] Without large cities, America’s total output would only be slightly lower, and modern life still exists. (运用了“without+名词”的虚拟语气结构，清晰阐述了没有大城市的情况下的结果) 6．（2025·上海金山·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Publishers are rewriting classics Recent arguments have arisen as British publishers changed Roald Dahl’s children’s books and Ian Fleming’s James Bond novels to remove language seen as offensive (犯忌的) today. Days after Puffin Books faced criticism for editing Dahl’s works, reports showed Fleming’s team also made careful checks before reissuing Bond books. Both authors’ works included problematic terms —Dahl’s books had unfair comments on race, gender, and mental health, while Fleming’s stories used old-fashioned descriptions of people of color. Puffin Books worked with the Roald Dahl Story Company (RDSC) and a diversity group to update Dahl’s stories. Many changes were made, such as rewriting a line in James and the Giant Peach from “fried alive and eaten by a Mexican” to remove hurtful words. Mentions of a writer linked to historical unfairness, Rudyard Kipling, were replaced with Jane Austen. RDSC said these edits help Dahl’s stories “be enjoyed by all children today.” Some critics, like Suzanne Nossel, have argued that Dahl’s work should stand as it is, with new introductions to prepare readers with context. She believed that the “problem” with rewrites “is that there is no limiting principle.” And the author, Salman Rushdie said: “Roald Dahl was not perfect but this is absurd censorship (荒谬的审查制度).” Despite the strong negative responses, Penguin Random House announced on Feb. 24 that it would continue to publish “classic” versions of Dahl’s books alongside the revised versions. Yet Karen, a professor of children’s literature, says there is a precedent (历史参照案例) for rewriting texts and a reason publishers go to the trouble. She says they have three choices: stop publishing the work and lose money, continue publishing the original texts amid controversy, or tailor the texts to today’s audience. Karen says the third is the “least problematic option” but that an even better approach is discovering new and exciting authors. “The books are out there,” she says, “people just need to look for them.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The news that British publishers are rewriting classics to remove offensive terms has drawn mixed responses. Some argue that the original texts should remain unchanged, while others claim the updates ensure wider acceptance. In practice, original and revised editions coexist. An expert suggests discovering new authors may be an even better approach. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。围绕英国出版商改写经典作品以去除冒犯性词汇一事展开讨论，呈现了不同观点，且提到出版社的做法，最后有专家给出建议。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Recent arguments have arisen as British publishers changed Roald Dahl’s children’s books and Ian Fleming’s James Bond novels to remove language seen as offensive today. ②RDSC said these edits help Dahl’s stories “be enjoyed by all children today.” ③Some critics, like Suzanne Nossel, have argued that Dahl’s work should stand as it is, with new introductions to prepare readers with context. ④Penguin Random House announced on Feb. 24 that it would continue to publish “classic” versions of Dahl’s books alongside the revised versions. ⑤Karen says the third is the “least problematic option” but that an even better approach is discovering new and exciting authors. 2. 缜密构思 将第2、3要点整合为不同人对改写经典的不同态度；第4要点单独成点；第5要点单独成点。 3. 遣词造句 The news that British publishers rewrite classics to remove offensive terms has sparked arguments. Some think the original texts should stay, while others believe the updates make the stories more acceptable. Original and revised editions will coexist. An expert suggests discovering new authors may be an even better approach. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The news that British publishers are rewriting classics to remove offensive terms has drawn mixed responses. (运用了同位语从句) [高分句型2] An expert suggests discovering new authors may be an even better approach. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句) 7．（2025·上海宝山·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. As soon as they walk into a room, tall people command attention. They also enjoy some advantages, such as being considered attractive (especially for men). Tall people also tend to have higher status jobs and consequently earn more money than others. It’s no wonder that many young people are concerned about growing as tall as possible. There are many myths (荒诞的说法) about growth and height in circulation (流通), though, so let’s examine them and find out the truth. Myth: People stop growing during puberty (青春期). Fact: Boys can still grow even in their early 20s though both girls and boys grow more during childhood and puberty. Girls tend to grow more at younger ages than boys. But boys catch up and usually pass girls by the time they reach adulthood. Myth: A person’s height is completely determined by genes. Fact: Genes do play a role, determining about 60 to 80 percent of a person’s height. But the rest is influenced by environmental factors. Nutrition during childhood is the most important. Without enough vitamins, minerals, and protein, children do not become as tall as their genes would allow. Myth: Caffeine stops children from growing. Fact: In moderation, caffeine does not restrict growth. A child or teenager can have a cup of coffee or tea with no ill effects on height. However, too much caffeine use might restrict growth because it prevents sleep, which is when most growth happens. Myth: Stretching or hanging upside down can make you taller. Fact: It’s not clear whether this is true or not. Some evidence indicates that stretching can increase height while one is growing. But this doesn’t work once one is fully grown. Hanging upside down makes one taller temporarily, but this may not make a lasting difference. Understanding how growth happens can help people make decisions. For young people who are still growing, a healthy diet is the best way for them to maximize their height. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The passage provides the answers to people’s confusions/questions about growth. Boys still grow in their early 20s while girls grow more during childhood and puberty. Besides genes, environment and nutrition also affect one’s height. Proper amount of caffeine doesn’t have ill effects on height. Stretching or hanging upside down may help one grow before his full maturity.    【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍说高个子在进入房间时往往能吸引注意，并享有某些优势，接着，文章列举了四个关于身高增长的常见误解，并逐一进行反驳和解释，包括青春期后停止生长、身高完全由基因决定、咖啡因阻碍儿童生长以及拉伸或倒挂能使人长高。最后，文章强调了解生长过程有助于人们做出决策，对于仍在成长的年轻人来说，健康的饮食是最大化身高的最佳方式。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①There are many myths (荒诞的说法) about growth and height in circulation (流通), though, so let’s examine them and find out the truth. ②Boys can still grow even in their early 20s though both girls and boys grow more during childhood and puberty. ③Genes do play a role, determining about 60 to 80 percent of a person’s height. But the rest is influenced by environmental factors. Nutrition during childhood is the most important. ④In moderation, caffeine does not restrict growth. A child or teenager can have a cup of coffee or tea with no ill effects on height. ⑤Some evidence indicates that stretching can increase height while one is growing. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第4、5两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 The passage clarifies the myths about growth, explaining that boys still grow in their early 20s while girls grow more during childhood and puberty. Besides genes, environment and nutrition also affect one’s height. It clarifies that proper amount of caffeine doesn’t have ill effects on height, and stretching or hanging upside down may help one grow before his full maturity. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The passage clarifies the myths about growth, explaining that boys still grow in their early 20s while girls grow more during childhood and puberty. 运用一个复杂的宾语从句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中that引导的是宾语从句、现在分词作状语等表达高级。 [高分句型2]：It clarifies that proper amount of caffeine doesn’t have ill effects on height, and stretching or hanging upside down may help one grow before his full maturity.用that引导的宾语从句对倒数第二段和倒数第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 8．（2025·上海静安·二模）Directions: Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible. Are iconic skyscrapers making cites look all the same? Everywhere one ventures in cities, skyscrapers are being built or planned.Even Paris is getting one such high building. The French capital recently backed plans for a 180-metre-high triangular tower by Herzog& de Meuron of Switzerland, its first in four decades. Today, there is plenty of work to go around for any global “starchitect” who can produce an iconic museum, office or residential tower from London to Dubai. Every huge global city, together with many a second or third level one,wants to put itself on the map with an iconic tower, or several. This creates plenty of strange shapes on the skyline. A firm of architects in Melbourne has just released plans for a-68-storey apartment and hotel block inspired by the fabric-covered dancers in a dance video. Such expressions of architectural individuality have the unexpected effect. Cities look more and more like each other. Once upon a time, Chicago and New York were modern skyscraper cities, while European capitals such as Paris and London had antique streetscapes. Now, many are turning to cities sharing one face. This worries designers. Moshe Safdie, the architect who has designed towers in various cities, says some skyscrapers are “objectified, branded trips” that are more like giant sculptures than buildings forming parts of a public space. Many cities are filled with these boring dashing towers intended to attract attention rather than to respond to the local setting. Fortunately, accompanying today’s clients with high tastes come impressive new designs. Take the cities’ rising forces-media and technology companies as an example. They do not appreciate those shiny tall buildings but expect something smarter. The pioneer of this trend in New York was Frank Gehry’ s curvy building, and some architects say such buildings must accommodate diversity. An odd flashy shape does not make the cut.For better or worse, this is the era of tailored command, with clients controlling the design of their own towers. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The construction of iconic skyscrapers in global cities leads to homogenized urban landscapes. While cities aim to stand out with unique designs, many towers prioritize branding over blending into local contexts. Critics argue these structures resemble sculptures rather than functional spaces. However, clients like tech companies now demand tailored designs that balance aesthetics and practicality, fostering diversity in architecture. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了全球城市里标志性摩天大楼的建设致使城市景观趋于同质化，不少城市虽欲借独特设计出彩，可众多塔楼重品牌而轻与当地环境融合。批评者指出这些建筑更像雕塑而非实用空间。不过，如今科技公司等客户需求转变，要求定制化设计以兼顾美学与实用性，进而推动建筑风格走向多样化。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Today, there is plenty of work to go around for any global “starchitect” who can produce an iconic museum, office or residential tower from London to Dubai. ②Such expressions of architectural individuality have the unexpected effect. Cities look more and more like each other. ③Moshe Safdie, the architect who has designed towers in various cities, says some skyscrapers are “objectified, branded trips” that are more like giant sculptures than buildings forming parts of a public space. ④Take the cities’ rising forces-media and technology companies as an example. They do not appreciate those shiny tall buildings but expect something smarter. 2.缜密构思将第1、4两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 In cities around the world, the construction of iconic skyscrapers has led to a homogenization of urban landscapes. While cities aim to stand out through unique design, many towers prioritise branding rather than blending into the local environment. However, clients like tech companies are now demanding tailor-made designs that balance aesthetics and practicality and promote diversity in buildings. 【点睛】[高分句型1] While cities aim to stand out with unique designs, many towers prioritize branding over blending into local contexts.（运用了While引导的让步状语从句。） [高分句型2]：However, clients like tech companies now demand tailored designs that balance aesthetics and practicality, fostering diversity in architecture. （运用了that引导的定语从句。） 9．（2025·上海杨浦·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Urban Green Spaces: A Necessity, Not a Luxury Urban green spaces play a vital role in improving the quality of life in cities. Studies have shown the various benefits brought about by green spaces. For example, research from the University of Exeter found that people living near green spaces reported higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction. However, many cities are facing the challenge of preserving these spaces due to rapid urbanization. In some areas, parks are being replaced by commercial buildings or housing projects to meet the growing demand for space. Meanwhile, the tendency to cut funding for the maintenance of urban green spaces is becoming increasingly common. For example, in Liverpool, UK, budget cuts led to reduced maintenance in parks, with less frequent tree trimming and litter collection. These short-sighted approaches ignore the long-term benefits of green spaces, such as their ability to combat climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide and reducing urban heat. For instance, during heatwaves, urban areas with more greenery can be significantly cooler than those without, providing a natural solution to rising temperatures. Moreover, green spaces support biodiversity by providing habitats for wildlife, which are crucial for maintaining ecological balance. Cities like New York and London have demonstrated the value of green spaces. Central Park in New York serves as a vital green lung for millions of residents, offering recreational areas, supporting biodiversity, and improving the city’s overall environment. Similarly, London’s Hyde Park is a hub for community events, jogging, and cycling, contributing to the city’s cultural and social life. These examples highlight how green spaces can enhance urban living while addressing environmental challenges. It is high time that governments acknowledged the significance of investing in the preservation of green spaces. Only by integrating green spaces into city designs can we create truly habitable and sustainable urban environments, ensuring that every resident has access to nature. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】     Urban green spaces enhance city life, but rapid urbanization threatens their preservation. Cutting maintenance funding and replacing green spaces with commercial buildings are short-sighted, which ignore their long-term benefits like combating climate change and supporting biodiversity. Some cities have shown parks’ benefits for recreation and social life. Governments should prioritize their preservation to ensure citizens’ access to nature. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，城市绿地提升了城市生活，但快速的城市化威胁着它们的保护。削减维护资金和用商业建筑取代绿色空间是短视的，这忽视了它们的长期利益，如应对气候变化和支持生物多样性。一些城市已经显示出公园对娱乐和社交生活的好处。政府应该优先保护它们，以确保公民能够接触大自然。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Urban green spaces play a vital role in improving the quality of life in cities. ②However, many cities are facing the challenge of preserving these spaces due to rapid urbanization. ③Meanwhile, the tendency to cut funding for the maintenance of urban green spaces is becoming increasingly common. ④Moreover, green spaces support biodiversity by providing habitats for wildlife, which are crucial for maintaining ecological balance. ⑤Central Park in New York serves as a vital green lung for millions of residents, offering recreational areas, supporting biodiversity, and improving the city’s overall environment. ⑥Similarly, London’s Hyde Park is a hub for community events, jogging, and cycling, contributing to the city’s cultural and social life. ⑦Only by integrating green spaces into city designs can we create truly habitable and sustainable urban environments, ensuring that every resident has access to nature. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2、3、4、5、6几个要点进行重组，将第7要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Urban green space promoted urban life, but rapid urbanization threatens their protection. Cutting funding for maintenance and replacing green space with commercial buildings is short-sighted, which ignores their long-term benefits such as tackling climate change and supporting biodiversity. Some cities have shown the benefits of the park for recreation and social life. Governments should prioritize their protection to ensure citizens have access to nature. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Cutting maintenance funding and replacing green spaces with commercial buildings are short-sighted, which ignore their long-term benefits like combating climate change and supporting biodiversity. (运用了现在分词作主语和which引导的非限定性定语从句) [高分句型2] Governments should prioritize their preservation to ensure citizens’ access to nature. (运用了不定式作后置定语) 10．（2025·上海徐汇·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How to improve clinical trials？ Last year, a Swiss medicine company published a review of the clinical trials on drugs it had held between 2016 and 2021. It found that black people were under-represented in all but one. Surprisingly, that news represents progress, because it shows that people are becoming more aware of a dangerous bias (偏见) that sets back the safety of medical treatments. Many trials leave out certain groups — children, for example, or people with physical or learning disabilities, pregnant women and the elderly. There are good explanations for the exclusion, such as the difficulty of getting informed permission or the potential harm to unborn children. Yet the consequences can be serious. A recent review found that half of trials around the world testing hip-fracture (髋骨骨折) interventions excluded people who lived in nursing homes, were old or had some sort of understanding problems. Though these groups make up almost a third of all patients suffering hip fractures, it is unclear if the interventions will work as safely or as effectively on them. Their doctors face a tough choice: tell their patients to take the medicine anyway, with uncertain results; or deny them new treatments. Obtaining informed permission for trials is not always easy, especially from people with learning disabilities. Accounting for different groups’ risks of side-effects can complicate the analysis of the data. Even so, broadening the range of trials’ participants can be practically useful, because it might lead to important new findings in medicine. Fortunately, the bias of clinical testing may be changing. The US government has recently proposed to reduce barriers and appeal to a wider range of participants by reducing the costs and commitments required for patients to participate. Countries like America and Britain are discussing publishing regulations that require trial organisers to explain whom they ought to include and how they plan to include them. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A Swiss firm’s review suggested a dangerous bias in clinical trials. Certain groups of people being excluded from trials may lead to harmful consequences. Despite some difficulties, involving more participants can lead to new medical insights. Luckily, there’s progress including reducing the barriers to attract more participants and publishing rules to address this issue. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过瑞士药企的审查案例引出临床试验存在排除特定群体的系统性偏见，指出这种排除可能导致严重后果，同时论证了扩大参与者范围对医学进步的意义，最后提出政府正在通过降低参与门槛和制定法规来改善这一现状。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ① Swiss review found racial under-representation in trials, highlighting growing awareness of dangerous bias. ② Excluding groups like children/disabled/elderly causes unclear treatment efficacy for major patient populations. ③ Broadening participants could yield new medical discoveries despite challenges in informed consent and data analysis. ④ Governments are reducing barriers and requiring transparency in trial inclusion policies. 2.缜密构思 将第①、②要点整合为“问题呈现”，第③点作为“解决方案的必要性”，第④点作为“积极进展”，形成“问题-影响-解决-进展”的逻辑链。 3.遣词造句 A Swiss firm’s review exposed racial bias in trials, reflecting heightened awareness. Excluding vulnerable groups risks ineffective treatments for major populations. While expanding participation faces challenges, it may unlock medical breakthroughs. Fortunately, governments are lowering barriers and mandating transparent inclusion policies to address this critical issue. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A Swiss firm’s review exposed racial bias in trials, reflecting heightened awareness.（使用现在分词短语reflecting作状语） [高分句型2] While expanding participation faces challenges, it may unlock medical breakthroughs.（使用了while引导的让步状语从句） 11．（2025·上海闵行·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Crown (树冠) Shyness Do you love forest bathing or taking walks in the forests? Then once in a while, you’ve witnessed a somewhat appealing phenomenon in which tree crowns in the forest seem to deliberately keep to themselves and avoid touching each other. Strange as this may seem, it is, in fact, a natural phenomenon and has a name: crown shyness. There are many theories behind this fascinating phenomenon, but the most convincing one relates to competition and defense. To grow better, trees depend on vital elements such as sunlight, water, and soil nutrients. By maintaining gaps between their crowns, they can maximize their intake of these necessities, ensuring healthy growth and a balanced ecosystem. Additionally, crown shyness acts as a protective barrier against insects and diseases. The physical separation between tree tops reduces the spread of harmful organisms and lowers the risk of widespread infection that could threaten large areas of the forest. This phenomenon, however, is not uniform across all trees. The extent and intensity of crown shyness can vary, with some gaps small and other separations obvious. Some people might think this natural phenomenon is merely a random occurrence with no real purpose, but this is not the case. Crown shyness allows each tree to access enough sunlight by preventing the overlap of branches. It ensures that sunlight can reach the lower branches and leaves, promoting their growth and enabling efficient energy production. Moreover, crown shyness aids in the efficient distribution of rainfall. When rain falls through the tree tops, the gaps between tree crowns act as channels, guiding water to the forest floor. It also plays a role in reducing wind resistance. The gaps between tree crowns create pathways for wind to pass through the forest, reducing potential damage caused by strong winds. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考答案： Crown shyness is a mysterious and fascinating phenomenon where tree crowns avoid touching each other. It may result from competition for resources like light and water or serve as a defense against insects and diseases. This phenomenon, while not universal, has real purposes. It helps maximize sunlight access, promotes efficient rainfall distribution, and reduces wind resistance, supporting overall forest health. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“树冠羞避”这一自然现象，解释了其可能的原因及其对森林生态系统的益处。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① Crown shyness is a phenomenon where tree crowns avoid touching each other. ② It may result from competition for resources like sunlight and water, or serve as a defense against insects and diseases. ③ This phenomenon helps maximize sunlight access, promotes efficient rainfall distribution, and reduces wind resistance. ④ Crown shyness supports overall forest health and is not a random occurrence. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点整合为现象及其原因，将第3、4两个要点整合为现象的作用和意义。 3. 遣词造句 Crown shyness is a natural phenomenon where tree crowns avoid contact, possibly due to resource competition or disease prevention. It benefits forests by optimizing sunlight exposure, aiding rainfall distribution, and reducing wind damage, ensuring ecosystem balance. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Crown shyness is a natural phenomenon where tree crowns avoid contact, possibly due to resource competition or disease prevention. (运用where引导的定语从句和possibly due to短语，对现象及其原因进行了简洁而高级的概括) 【高分句型2】It benefits forests by optimizing sunlight exposure, aiding rainfall distribution, and reducing wind damage, ensuring ecosystem balance. (通过by引导的方式状语和四个动名词充当介词by的宾语，清晰地说明了现象的多重作用，表达层次丰富) 12．（2025·上海虹口·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Trouble of Over-pathologizing to Schools In the past, young people didn’t discuss their mental health. But nowadays, it feels like there is a mental health awareness campaign almost every week. However, this societal push to talk about mental health might not be helping everyone. In fact, it could be making things worse. These campaigns encourage people to interpret essentially all negative thoughts and feelings as symptoms of a disorder or a problem, consequently making them feel unnecessarily weak and leading them to view themselves as having a disorder when they don’t. This kind of over-pathologizing may lead to further problems in schools. An increasing number of young people are saying that they don’t want to do something by labeling themselves as having anxiety. Sometimes, the most appropriate response is to make adjustments for that person. For example, they shouldn’t be asked questions in class, or they shouldn’t have to sit exams in a big hall. But this genuine, useful principle has been blown out of proportion. In some cases, students in schools are automatically being given excessive freedom or privileges with no intention to ever review them. The trouble is that the worst thing you can do in terms of managing anxiety in the long run is to allow people to avoid the things that scare them. Actually, the most useful therapeutic approach is to support them, step by step, in facing their fears. If, with support, they gradually do the things that make them anxious, they learn two things: first, that it isn’t as bad as they thought it would be, and second, that even if it is bad, they can cope. So there needs to be a better understanding of who really needs one-to-one support and who can be supported simply by teachers being helpful, rather than applying a one-size-fits-all approach to adjustments. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Increased mental health awareness has led to over-pathologizing, causing some students to label normal struggles as disorders. Schools sometimes allow these students to avoid what scares them, leaving their anxiety unresolved. Schools should encourage those students to brave fears while ensuring that only those truly in need receive specialized assistance. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出，过度关注心理健康可能导致过度病理化，使学生将正常的情绪问题视为疾病，从而在学校中引发更多问题。学校应鼓励学生勇敢面对恐惧，同时确保只有真正需要的人才能获得一对一的支持。 【详解】要点摘录 ① Nowadays, mental health awareness campaigns are everywhere, but they might not be helping everyone. ② These campaigns encourage people to see all negative thoughts as symptoms of a disorder, making them feel unnecessarily weak. ③ In schools, this over-pathologizing leads to students avoiding things that scare them, which doesn’t help in the long run. ④ Instead, schools should support students in facing their fears gradually and ensure that only those who truly need it receive specialized help. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 遣词造句 Increased mental health awareness has led to over-pathologizing, causing some students to label normal struggles as disorders. Schools sometimes allow these students to avoid what scares them, leaving their anxiety unresolved. Schools should encourage those students to brave fears while ensuring only those truly in need receive specialized assistance. 【点睛】 [高分句型1] Increased mental health awareness has led to over-pathologizing, causing some students to label normal struggles as disorders.（运用了现在分词短语作状语，表达高级） [高分句型2] Schools sometimes allow these students to avoid what scares them, leaving their anxiety unresolved.（使用现在分词短语作结果状语，表达高级） [高分句型3] Schools should encourage those students to brave fears while ensuring that only those truly in need receive specialized assistance.（使用while引导的时间状语从句的省略） 13．（2025·上海奉贤·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main poin(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Noise-Cancelling Headphones: A Double-Edged Sword for Hearing? They are prized for making the daily trip more bearable and creating a barrier against the noise of daily life. But some specialists suspect that overusing the noise-cancelling headphones which constantly blocking out background noise may have unintended consequences. Renee Almeida, an adult audiology clinical lead at Imperial College healthcare NHS trust, has seen an increase in adults coming to her clinic with hearing issues only for tests to suggest their hearing is fine. The problem is with their brain, not their ears. They might fail to locate where a sound is coming from, or struggle to follow a conversation on the train, in a bar or at a restaurant. The condition, known as auditory processing disorder, is often diagnosed in children, so the rise in adults with similar issues struck Almeida as odd. Almeida suspects prolonged headphone use, which limits the brain’s exposure to multiple sounds, might be responsible. “Normally, our brains sort thousands of sounds and prioritize important ones,” Almeida explains.” But noise-cancelling headphones deliver only one sound source — music or podcasts — depriving the brain of practice in distinguishing speech from background noise.” However, for Harvey Dillon, a professor of auditory science at the University of Manchester, Almeida’s idea is an assumption yet to be tested.” There is no research investigating the link between the use of noise-cancelling headphones and reduced auditory processing ability,” he says. He cautions that loud music can damage neurons (神经元) in the auditory system. “It may be that listening to loud music is the cause of the auditory processing problem, not the noise-cancelling feature,” he says.” If so, noise cancelling could be a good feature, as it allows one to listen to music without interference from background noise.” While theories about headphone-related harm remain unproven, experts agree on one point: understanding how modern listening habits reshape auditory processing requires urgent scientific attention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Some specialists suspect overusing noise-cancelling headphones may cause auditory processing disorder as they limit the brain’s sound exposure. Others say it’s unproven. Experts stress the need for scientific study. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了降噪耳机可能对听觉处理能力产生的影响，专家对此持不同观点，并强调需要进一步科学研究。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① Noise-cancelling headphones are valued for blocking background noise, but overuse may lead to unintended consequences. ② Some adults exhibit hearing issues like sound localization difficulties, possibly due to prolonged headphone use limiting the brain’s exposure to multiple sounds. ③ Another expert argues this theory lacks research evidence, suggesting loud music volume might be the real cause of auditory problems. ④ Experts agree that scientific studies are urgently needed to understand how modern listening habits reshape auditory processing. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2要点整合为降噪耳机的潜在危害，第3要点作为反驳观点，第4要点总结专家共识。 3. 遣词造句 Overuse of noise-cancelling headphones may impair auditory processing by limiting the brain’s exposure to diverse sounds, though this link remains unproven. Experts urge researches to clarify how modern listening habits affect hearing. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Overuse of noise-cancelling headphones may impair auditory processing by limiting the brain’s exposure to diverse sounds, though this link remains unproven.(通过by doing sth表方式，though引导让步从句，平衡地呈现争议。) 【高分句型2】Experts urge researches to clarify how modern listening habits affect hearing.(使用不定式结构作目的状语，how引导宾语从句，简洁强调科学研究的必要性。) 14．（2025·上海崇明·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Keys to Success in This CEO’s Eyes As founder, chairman and CEO, Ragy Thomas has been successful in leading a company from a mere idea to a multibillion-dollar software company. So, what are his keys to success? Thomas will tell you it’s not enough to be a technology visionary. You’ve got to have the leadership skills to match your big ideas. First, Thomas insists that his approach to life in general is what often sets him apart. ‌“We’re a village of 7 billion people, and where you are is not what makes you happy or controls life, it’s how you approach it.” He says this big-picture, optimistic mindset enables him to recognize problematic patterns in customer care and find out potential solutions. Thomas’s forward-thinking mindset also has helped him embrace the fact that rapidly advancing technology opens new doors through which businesses and consumers can interact in a whole new way. By using technological advances, such as AI, to sift through (筛选) information and integrating multiple channels of communication into a unified platform, Thomas says, he’s been able to revolutionize customer care. Thomas says he hates failure but loves the process of learning that comes after failure. When faced with the topics of success, failure and the many risks involved in starting a business, Thomas says, ‌“I’ve never asked myself, ‘Why me?’ I’ve always asked myself ‘Why not me?’” By building stronger connections, easier accessibility and better customer-facing infrastructure (基础设施), he believes that soon every company on the planet will want his product. These days, Thomas’s job is less about the daily to-dos and more about setting goals and empowering others to be successful. He wants to put happiness at the core of what he does, not just with clients but with his own employees. When speaking about his employees, he says, ‌“It’s important for me that you do well and not just do great work.” _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Ragy Thomas, CEO of a successful company, owes his success to strong leadership skills. First, his big-picture mindset guides him to solve problems and revolutionize business with technological advances. Second, he views failure as a learning opportunity and believes in himself. Besides, he focuses on setting goals and empowering employees, and emphasizes happiness in work.  (55 words) 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要围绕成功的关键展开，以Ragy Thomas为例，阐述了他认为成功不仅需要技术远见，还需领导力，以及他在心态、对待失败等方面的成功之道。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① Thomas will tell you it’s not enough to be a technology visionary. You’ve got to have the leadership skills to match your big ideas. ② “We’re a village of 7 billion people, and where you are is not what makes you happy or controls life, it’s how you approach it.” ③ Thomas’s forward thinking mindset also has helped him embrace the fact that rapidly advancing technology opens new doors through which businesses and consumers can interact in a whole new way. ④ Thomas says he hates failure but loves the process of learning that comes after failure. ⑤ These days, Thomas’s job is less about the daily to dos and more about setting goals and empowering others to be successful. ⑥ He wants to put happiness at the core of what he does, not just with clients but with his own employees. 2. 缜密构思 将第2、3要点整合为心态方面对成功的作用；第4要点单独阐述对待失败的态度；第5、6要点整合为工作重点和理念。 3. 遣词造句 Ragy Thomas believes success needs both technology vision and leadership skills. His big picture mindset helps him solve problems and revolutionize business with technology. He views failure as a learning chance and has self confidence. He focuses on setting goals, empowering employees and emphasizes happiness in work. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Ragy Thomas, CEO of a successful company, owes his success to strong leadership skills. (运用了同位语，简洁地介绍了人物身份，同时清晰地表明核心观点，引出下文对成功因素的阐述) [高分句型2] First, his big picture mindset guides him to solve problems and revolutionize business with technological advances. (运用了“guide sb. to do sth.”的结构，准确地概括了心态对他在解决问题和推动业务革新方面的作用) 15．（2025·上海浦东新·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. British farms are attracting modern consumers Peterley Manor Farm has moved a long way from traditional farming. When Roger Brill, a fourth-generation farmer took over the farm in 1982, he grew and sold fruit and vegetables from the farm gate. Now the farm boasts a “wild spa” with outdoor ice baths and a wood-fired steam bath, yoga(瑜伽) classes in a Mongolian yurt(蒙古包). Branching out has become the norm for modern farmers. Nearly 70% of farms in England are engaging in different commercial activities. Out of those with additional income streams, one in five earn more than half of their income from diversified initiatives. Half of farm-owners let out space for other activities, according to figures from the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA); a fifth generate income from solar energy. The decision to diversify may not be new: farmers have sought alternative income streams for decades. But the need has become more urgent. Farms have been squeezed by huge rises in energy costs and the rapidly increasing cost of agricultural labour in recent years. Increasingly unpredictable weather, including record amounts of rainfall, has made harvests less reliable. Changing subsidy(补贴) arrangements add to the uncertainty. DEFRA estimates that up to 42% of all farms are unprofitable without the Basic Payment Scheme (BPS), a subsidy that was introduced in 2015 and is now ending. Diversification brings new business for struggling farms. But adapting to consumer demands leaves them exposed to wider economic cycles. It also requires them to find workers with new skills. In future Peterley Manor Farm will need more marketers and chefs, for instance, and fewer farm hands. In one respect, though, things are not that different from old-fashioned farming. “The service industry is challenging,” says Ms Brill. “It’s hard work and long hours.” _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】British farms have transformed from traditional farming to commercial services to seek more income. This shift is mainly due to the urgent need to cope with rising costs, unpredictable weather, and subsidy reforms. Despite new business opportunities, this diversification is still challenging with more demands for new skills and hard work. (51 words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国农场已经从传统农业转向商业服务，以寻求更多收入。这种转变主要是由于迫切需要应对不断上涨的成本、不可预测的天气和补贴改革。尽管有新的商业机会，但这种多样化仍然具有挑战性，因为需要更多的新技能和努力工作。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Branching out has become the norm for modern farmers. Nearly 70% of farms in England are engaging in different commercial activities. ②The decision to diversify may not be new: farmers have sought alternative income streams for decades. Increasingly unpredictable weather, including record amounts of rainfall, has made harvests less reliable. ③Farms have been squeezed by huge rises in energy costs and the rapidly increasing cost of agricultural labour in recent years. Changing subsidy arrangements add to the uncertainty. ④Diversification brings new business for struggling farms. But adapting to consumer demands leaves them exposed to wider economic cycles. It also requires them to find workers with new skills. 2.缜密构思将第1、4两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句British farms have shifted from traditional farming to commercial services in search of more income. This shift is mainly driven by the urgent need to deal with rising costs, unpredictable weather and subsidy reform. Despite the new business opportunities, but this kind of diversity is still challenging, because need more new skills and work hard. 【点睛】[高分句型1] British farms have transformed from traditional farming to commercial services to seek more income.（运用了动词不定式to do作目的状语。） [高分句型2]：Despite new business opportunities, this diversification is still challenging with more demands for new skills and hard work.（运用了Despite的介词短语作状语。） 16．（2025·上海嘉定·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Helping Workers Switch Off In today’s fast-paced, technology-drive n world, maintaining a healthy work-life balance has become a growing challenge for employees. Many workers struggle to disconnect from their jobs even after office hours, leading to stress, burnout, and, in extreme cases, serious health consequences. In some countries, employees feel pressure to be constantly available, answering emails and work-related messages late into the evening. In Japan, for example, the culture of long working hours has resulted in cases of “karoshi,” or death from overwork. Similarly, in Spain, the traditional 11-hour workday, which includes a lengthy midday break, often prevents workers from spending adequate time at home due to long commutes. One of the main reasons for this issue is the increasing dependence on digital communication, which allows employers to reach workers at any time. Many companies have not established clear boundaries between work and personal life, leading to an expectation that employees must always be responsive. In some countries, historical work culture also plays a role. Spain’s existing time zone and work schedule are not well-suited to employees’ natural daily rhythms, while Japan’s strong work culture has created a workplace environment where working late is expected. To address these concerns, several countries have introduced policies to help employees switch off from work. France has introduced a law granting workers the “right to disconnect,” preventing companies with over 50 employees from requiring staff to answer emails outside office hours. Germany has taken similar measures, with major corporations like Volkswagen and BMW banning managers from contacting employees after hours. Spain is considering reducing work hours and adjusting its time zone to make daily schedules more manageable. In Japan, efforts to fight overwork include strict regulations requiring employees to leave by 8 p.m., with office lights turned off and anyone still at their desk sent home. These initiatives all signal a positive shift toward healthier work environments. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 In today’s fast-paced, tech-driven world, workers find it hard to disconnect from work, causing stress and health issues. This is due to digital communication and unclear work-life boundaries, and in some countries, historical work culture also plays a role. Some countries have introduced policies to help employees switch off, promoting healthier work environments. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。在当今这个快节奏、科技驱动的世界里，劳动者发现很难从工作中抽离出来，这引发了压力和健康问题。这归因于数字通信以及工作与生活界限的不清晰。一些国家已经出台政策，帮助员工从工作中解脱出来，促进形成更健康的工作环境。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①In today’s fast-paced, technology-drive n world, maintaining a healthy work-life balance has become a growing challenge for employees. Many workers struggle to disconnect from their jobs even after office hours, leading to stress, burnout, and, in extreme cases, serious health consequences. ②One of the main reasons for this issue is the increasing dependence on digital communication. In some countries, historical work culture also plays a role. ③To address these concerns, several countries have introduced policies to help employees switch off from work. These initiatives all signal a positive shift toward healthier work environments. 2. 缜密构思将第 1、2 两个要点进行因果关联，第 3 要点单独表述。 3. 遣词造句 In today’s fast-paced, tech-driven world, workers find it hard to disconnect from work, causing stress and health issues. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】In today’s fast-paced, tech-driven world, workers find it hard to disconnect from work, causing stress and health issues. 运用“find it+adj.+to do sth.”结构，it作形式宾语，不定式为真正宾语，并且用现在分词causing作结果状语，简洁且高级地表达员工难以脱离工作这一现象，对原文第一段进行了概括。 【高分句型 2】Some countries have introduced policies to help employees switch off, promoting healthier work environments.使用不定式to help作目的状语，和现在分词promoting作结果状语，对原文第三段进行了概括。 难度分布 适中 较难 81.25 18.75 试卷第30页，共31页 试卷第31页，共31页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题08 概要写作（16区二模真题速递） 全篇题型分析 题号 难度系数 详细知识点 1 0.65 科普知识 2 0.65 环境保护；人与环境 3 0.65 科普知识 4 0.4 社会问题与社会现象 5 0.65 社会问题与社会现象；城市 6 0.65 文学形式与文学作品；议论文 7 0.4 科普知识 8 0.65 建筑 9 0.4 环境保护；社会问题与社会现象 10 0.65 科普知识 ；议论文 11 0.65 科普知识 ；植物 12 0.65 方法/策略；社会问题与社会现象 13 0.65 科普知识 ；说明文 14 0.65 哲理感悟 15 0.65 社会问题与社会现象；政治政策 16 0.65 社会问题与社会现象 1．（2025·上海长宁·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Watch out for blue light! How many digital devices do you use throughout the day? If you’re like most people, you probably spend hours on your computer, cellphone or tablet. These devices are convenient and entertaining, but they all give off blue light. The question is: Should you be concerned? According to WebMD, there is no current proof that regular exposure to blue light leads to long-term damage to your eyes. Yet several other studies seem to demonstrate a connection between blue light and eye damage. Due to these different opinions, it is essential that people study more to determine if blue light is bad for one’s health. Sunlight contains different colors of light, each with different wavelengths and energy levels. Blue wavelengths are good for people during daylight hours because they can boost one’s attention, reaction times and mood. But the concern is that blue’s wavelength is very close to that of ultraviolet (UV) (紫外线的) light. Research has long shown that ultraviolet (UV) rays can cause eye damage. Some studies suggest a troublesome connection between eye tissue damage and blue-light wavelengths ranging between 415 and 455 nanometers (纳米). Most digital devices have wavelengths that measure between 400 and 490 nanometers so that many think that this fact, alone, establishes a cause for concern. Blue light is also believed to affect your sleep cycle. It helps to manage your wake-and-sleep patterns by providing energy keeping you awake during the day. Nevertheless, the same energy becomes an issue at night as it misleads your body into believing it’s still daytime, leaving you incapable of attaining a restful night’s sleep. To lessen the potential risks, several practical strategies can be employed. Simple actions like reducing the screen brightness and using blue-light-blocking applications can effectively decrease your exposure to blue light. However, the most effective approach is to avoid using digital devices for a few hours before going to bed.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．（2025·上海松江·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as much as possible. You Could Have “Recycling Misconception”！ It might be time to throw your preconceptions about recycling in the garbage. A decades-long effort to educate people about recycling has mostly backfired, according to new research. The study, published in Nature Sustainability, found that an overemphasis on recycling has distracted us from better options for preventing waste. In open-ended surveys, Americans named recycling as the most effective thing they could do to reduce garbage in landfills, overlooking more successful strategies — such as generating less waste in the first place. The study revealed widespread confusion about the effectiveness of recycling. When asked to rank the Three Rs — “reduce, reuse, recycle” (already in the correct order) — in order of effectiveness, nearly half got the answer wrong. Michaela Barnett, a study author, first owes this “recycling misconception” to decades of campaigns initiated by corporations, which has shifted blame for waste pollution to individuals rather than companies producing disposable products, those made to be thrown away after use. Barnett’s study also showed many people placed plastic bags and coffee cups into recycling bins, while not all of them can be recycled. It’s not really their fault: Recycling rules are confusing. For instance, the “chasing arrows” symbol on plastics has misled consumers into believing many items are recyclable when they are not. Less than 10% of global plastic is recycled, despite survey respondents estimating it at 25%. Recycling, often overestimated as a cure-all in waste management, masks deeper systemic problems. True progress demands intentional reduction of consumption: choosing reusable cloth bags over single-use plastics; repairing old clothes instead of buying fast fashion. And true accountability must shift to corporations legally required to adopt sustainable manufacturing and eco-conscious design — ensuring they are responsible for using technology-based, large-scale solutions to reach clear carbon-reduction goals. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．（2025·上海黄浦·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. When Questions Turn Self-Centered Does this situation sound familiar? A friend approaches and asks, “Hey, what are you up to this weekend?” You tell her you’re not sure, but nothing big. She replies with her own vivid plan. “I’m going to my lake house, and we’re having a massive bonfire.” What seemed like a genuine expression of interest in you suddenly shifts and becomes a chance for your friend to show off, complain or simply share about herself. I call this strategy “boomerasking,” and it happens constantly. Like the circling bend of a boomerang (回旋镖), boomeraskers ask a question, let their conversation partners answer and then immediately bring the focus of the conversation back to themselves. For many people, self-disclosure simply feels great. Still, most of us are sensitive to the fact that we can’t just walk around showing off and complaining and talking about ourselves all the time. So, we attempt to solve this problem with some indirect habits. But among all the seemingly skillful and obvious ways we attempt to mask our self-centeredness, boomcrasking might be the worst — because it takes away the amazing benefits that come from asking questions. Asking sincere questions, listening to others’ answers and following up on those answers may be the easiest and most powerful pathway to shared understanding and interpersonal connection. Boomerasking ruins the magic, however. Failing to follow up on your partner’s answer, and answering the question yourself instead, makes others feel like you don’t care about them — and probably didn’t care about them when you asked the question to begin with. So don’t boomerask! While sharing about yourself feels good and can bring us closer, when another person shares their perspective, focus on them. We should all aim to be more interested in our partners before we go back to proving how interesting we are ourselves. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．（2025·上海普陀·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Is It a Man or a Woman? As technologies become more human-like, there’s been a push to make them genderless. However, Stanford’s Ashley Martin suggests that people still have a fixed perception of gendered objects in traditional ways. While removing gender might seem like a simple way to fix it, Martin’s research indicates that gender remains a fundamental way people form connections with products. In her latest research, participants were asked to rate their attachment to male, female and genderless versions of a self-driving car named “Miuu.” Martin found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to the device –– and their interest in purchasing it. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless “Miuu” than ones with male or female voices. These findings suggest that gendering a product could lead to higher sales or more consumer loyalty. While gendering products may be good marketing, it may also emphasize outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The qualities commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. “In leadership domains, those are the qualities we want in our leaders, whereas women we see as kind and warm and affectionate,” Martin says. She notes that these qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender. For example, male voice assistants “got things done” and “found the information quickly”, whereas female voice assistants were described as “helpful”. Yet Martin’s study also found that creating a gender-neutral object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound gender-neutral, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she”. However, Martin sees a silver lining: she believes humanizing products can reduce or reverse stereotypes, like how women in leadership change perceptions. She hopes future research explores how to increase people’s attachment to objects without relying on gender norms. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．（2025·上海青浦·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words.  Use your own words as far as possible. Are Big Cities Overrated? Judged by their revealed preferences, people love cities. Metropolises such as London and New York are overcrowded, with house prices to match. Across the world, 25% of people live in cities of over a million, up from just 15% six decades ago. Economists tend to think this is a great development. Cities, they argue, benefit from “agglomeration”, the consequence of so many people living in close quarters. For one thing, government and businesses can run more efficiently: scale helps everything from public transport to the hiring of staff. For another, finding the next big idea is easier when like-minded people crowd together. Although London makes up 15% of Britain’s population, it accounts for 22% of its economic output. But have economists overestimated the benefits of big cities? That is what a new working paper by Matthew Turner and David Weil, both of Brown University, suggests. Their analysis applies existing estimates of the impact of agglomeration on economic efficiency and the pace of invention to a model of the American economy. This allows the researchers to answer a question: how different would America look if, from 1900 to 2010, no urban area had grown to a population of more than 1 million people? According to their calculations, the answer is “not all that much”. Growth would have been slower, but only a bit: the researchers estimate that America’s total output would have been 8% lower in 2010 than it was in reality. As Mr. Weil puts it: “Without big cities, we would still have modern life as we know it.” There is plenty about city life that is unpleasant. In September, for instance, Eric Adams, New York’s mayor, organized a “National Urban Rat Summit”, as part of his “war on rats”. It’s evident that big cities don’t just offer growth; they come with their own sets of drawbacks and challenges as well. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．（2025·上海金山·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Publishers are rewriting classics Recent arguments have arisen as British publishers changed Roald Dahl’s children’s books and Ian Fleming’s James Bond novels to remove language seen as offensive (犯忌的) today. Days after Puffin Books faced criticism for editing Dahl’s works, reports showed Fleming’s team also made careful checks before reissuing Bond books. Both authors’ works included problematic terms —Dahl’s books had unfair comments on race, gender, and mental health, while Fleming’s stories used old-fashioned descriptions of people of color. Puffin Books worked with the Roald Dahl Story Company (RDSC) and a diversity group to update Dahl’s stories. Many changes were made, such as rewriting a line in James and the Giant Peach from “fried alive and eaten by a Mexican” to remove hurtful words. Mentions of a writer linked to historical unfairness, Rudyard Kipling, were replaced with Jane Austen. RDSC said these edits help Dahl’s stories “be enjoyed by all children today.” Some critics, like Suzanne Nossel, have argued that Dahl’s work should stand as it is, with new introductions to prepare readers with context. She believed that the “problem” with rewrites “is that there is no limiting principle.” And the author, Salman Rushdie said: “Roald Dahl was not perfect but this is absurd censorship (荒谬的审查制度).” Despite the strong negative responses, Penguin Random House announced on Feb. 24 that it would continue to publish “classic” versions of Dahl’s books alongside the revised versions. Yet Karen, a professor of children’s literature, says there is a precedent (历史参照案例) for rewriting texts and a reason publishers go to the trouble. She says they have three choices: stop publishing the work and lose money, continue publishing the original texts amid controversy, or tailor the texts to today’s audience. Karen says the third is the “least problematic option” but that an even better approach is discovering new and exciting authors. “The books are out there,” she says, “people just need to look for them.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7．（2025·上海宝山·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. As soon as they walk into a room, tall people command attention. They also enjoy some advantages, such as being considered attractive (especially for men). Tall people also tend to have higher status jobs and consequently earn more money than others. It’s no wonder that many young people are concerned about growing as tall as possible. There are many myths (荒诞的说法) about growth and height in circulation (流通), though, so let’s examine them and find out the truth. Myth: People stop growing during puberty (青春期). Fact: Boys can still grow even in their early 20s though both girls and boys grow more during childhood and puberty. Girls tend to grow more at younger ages than boys. But boys catch up and usually pass girls by the time they reach adulthood. Myth: A person’s height is completely determined by genes. Fact: Genes do play a role, determining about 60 to 80 percent of a person’s height. But the rest is influenced by environmental factors. Nutrition during childhood is the most important. Without enough vitamins, minerals, and protein, children do not become as tall as their genes would allow. Myth: Caffeine stops children from growing. Fact: In moderation, caffeine does not restrict growth. A child or teenager can have a cup of coffee or tea with no ill effects on height. However, too much caffeine use might restrict growth because it prevents sleep, which is when most growth happens. Myth: Stretching or hanging upside down can make you taller. Fact: It’s not clear whether this is true or not. Some evidence indicates that stretching can increase height while one is growing. But this doesn’t work once one is fully grown. Hanging upside down makes one taller temporarily, but this may not make a lasting difference. Understanding how growth happens can help people make decisions. For young people who are still growing, a healthy diet is the best way for them to maximize their height. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8．（2025·上海静安·二模）Directions: Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible. Are iconic skyscrapers making cites look all the same? Everywhere one ventures in cities, skyscrapers are being built or planned.Even Paris is getting one such high building. The French capital recently backed plans for a 180-metre-high triangular tower by Herzog& de Meuron of Switzerland, its first in four decades. Today, there is plenty of work to go around for any global “starchitect” who can produce an iconic museum, office or residential tower from London to Dubai. Every huge global city, together with many a second or third level one,wants to put itself on the map with an iconic tower, or several. This creates plenty of strange shapes on the skyline. A firm of architects in Melbourne has just released plans for a-68-storey apartment and hotel block inspired by the fabric-covered dancers in a dance video. Such expressions of architectural individuality have the unexpected effect. Cities look more and more like each other. Once upon a time, Chicago and New York were modern skyscraper cities, while European capitals such as Paris and London had antique streetscapes. Now, many are turning to cities sharing one face. This worries designers. Moshe Safdie, the architect who has designed towers in various cities, says some skyscrapers are “objectified, branded trips” that are more like giant sculptures than buildings forming parts of a public space. Many cities are filled with these boring dashing towers intended to attract attention rather than to respond to the local setting. Fortunately, accompanying today’s clients with high tastes come impressive new designs. Take the cities’ rising forces-media and technology companies as an example. They do not appreciate those shiny tall buildings but expect something smarter. The pioneer of this trend in New York was Frank Gehry’ s curvy building, and some architects say such buildings must accommodate diversity. An odd flashy shape does not make the cut.For better or worse, this is the era of tailored command, with clients controlling the design of their own towers. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9．（2025·上海杨浦·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Urban Green Spaces: A Necessity, Not a Luxury Urban green spaces play a vital role in improving the quality of life in cities. Studies have shown the various benefits brought about by green spaces. For example, research from the University of Exeter found that people living near green spaces reported higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction. However, many cities are facing the challenge of preserving these spaces due to rapid urbanization. In some areas, parks are being replaced by commercial buildings or housing projects to meet the growing demand for space. Meanwhile, the tendency to cut funding for the maintenance of urban green spaces is becoming increasingly common. For example, in Liverpool, UK, budget cuts led to reduced maintenance in parks, with less frequent tree trimming and litter collection. These short-sighted approaches ignore the long-term benefits of green spaces, such as their ability to combat climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide and reducing urban heat. For instance, during heatwaves, urban areas with more greenery can be significantly cooler than those without, providing a natural solution to rising temperatures. Moreover, green spaces support biodiversity by providing habitats for wildlife, which are crucial for maintaining ecological balance. Cities like New York and London have demonstrated the value of green spaces. Central Park in New York serves as a vital green lung for millions of residents, offering recreational areas, supporting biodiversity, and improving the city’s overall environment. Similarly, London’s Hyde Park is a hub for community events, jogging, and cycling, contributing to the city’s cultural and social life. These examples highlight how green spaces can enhance urban living while addressing environmental challenges. It is high time that governments acknowledged the significance of investing in the preservation of green spaces. Only by integrating green spaces into city designs can we create truly habitable and sustainable urban environments, ensuring that every resident has access to nature. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10．（2025·上海徐汇·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How to improve clinical trials？ Last year, a Swiss medicine company published a review of the clinical trials on drugs it had held between 2016 and 2021. It found that black people were under-represented in all but one. Surprisingly, that news represents progress, because it shows that people are becoming more aware of a dangerous bias (偏见) that sets back the safety of medical treatments. Many trials leave out certain groups — children, for example, or people with physical or learning disabilities, pregnant women and the elderly. There are good explanations for the exclusion, such as the difficulty of getting informed permission or the potential harm to unborn children. Yet the consequences can be serious. A recent review found that half of trials around the world testing hip-fracture (髋骨骨折) interventions excluded people who lived in nursing homes, were old or had some sort of understanding problems. Though these groups make up almost a third of all patients suffering hip fractures, it is unclear if the interventions will work as safely or as effectively on them. Their doctors face a tough choice: tell their patients to take the medicine anyway, with uncertain results; or deny them new treatments. Obtaining informed permission for trials is not always easy, especially from people with learning disabilities. Accounting for different groups’ risks of side-effects can complicate the analysis of the data. Even so, broadening the range of trials’ participants can be practically useful, because it might lead to important new findings in medicine. Fortunately, the bias of clinical testing may be changing. The US government has recently proposed to reduce barriers and appeal to a wider range of participants by reducing the costs and commitments required for patients to participate. Countries like America and Britain are discussing publishing regulations that require trial organisers to explain whom they ought to include and how they plan to include them. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11．（2025·上海闵行·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Crown (树冠) Shyness Do you love forest bathing or taking walks in the forests? Then once in a while, you’ve witnessed a somewhat appealing phenomenon in which tree crowns in the forest seem to deliberately keep to themselves and avoid touching each other. Strange as this may seem, it is, in fact, a natural phenomenon and has a name: crown shyness. There are many theories behind this fascinating phenomenon, but the most convincing one relates to competition and defense. To grow better, trees depend on vital elements such as sunlight, water, and soil nutrients. By maintaining gaps between their crowns, they can maximize their intake of these necessities, ensuring healthy growth and a balanced ecosystem. Additionally, crown shyness acts as a protective barrier against insects and diseases. The physical separation between tree tops reduces the spread of harmful organisms and lowers the risk of widespread infection that could threaten large areas of the forest. This phenomenon, however, is not uniform across all trees. The extent and intensity of crown shyness can vary, with some gaps small and other separations obvious. Some people might think this natural phenomenon is merely a random occurrence with no real purpose, but this is not the case. Crown shyness allows each tree to access enough sunlight by preventing the overlap of branches. It ensures that sunlight can reach the lower branches and leaves, promoting their growth and enabling efficient energy production. Moreover, crown shyness aids in the efficient distribution of rainfall. When rain falls through the tree tops, the gaps between tree crowns act as channels, guiding water to the forest floor. It also plays a role in reducing wind resistance. The gaps between tree crowns create pathways for wind to pass through the forest, reducing potential damage caused by strong winds. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12．（2025·上海虹口·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Trouble of Over-pathologizing to Schools In the past, young people didn’t discuss their mental health. But nowadays, it feels like there is a mental health awareness campaign almost every week. However, this societal push to talk about mental health might not be helping everyone. In fact, it could be making things worse. These campaigns encourage people to interpret essentially all negative thoughts and feelings as symptoms of a disorder or a problem, consequently making them feel unnecessarily weak and leading them to view themselves as having a disorder when they don’t. This kind of over-pathologizing may lead to further problems in schools. An increasing number of young people are saying that they don’t want to do something by labeling themselves as having anxiety. Sometimes, the most appropriate response is to make adjustments for that person. For example, they shouldn’t be asked questions in class, or they shouldn’t have to sit exams in a big hall. But this genuine, useful principle has been blown out of proportion. In some cases, students in schools are automatically being given excessive freedom or privileges with no intention to ever review them. The trouble is that the worst thing you can do in terms of managing anxiety in the long run is to allow people to avoid the things that scare them. Actually, the most useful therapeutic approach is to support them, step by step, in facing their fears. If, with support, they gradually do the things that make them anxious, they learn two things: first, that it isn’t as bad as they thought it would be, and second, that even if it is bad, they can cope. So there needs to be a better understanding of who really needs one-to-one support and who can be supported simply by teachers being helpful, rather than applying a one-size-fits-all approach to adjustments. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13．（2025·上海奉贤·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main poin(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Noise-Cancelling Headphones: A Double-Edged Sword for Hearing? They are prized for making the daily trip more bearable and creating a barrier against the noise of daily life. But some specialists suspect that overusing the noise-cancelling headphones which constantly blocking out background noise may have unintended consequences. Renee Almeida, an adult audiology clinical lead at Imperial College healthcare NHS trust, has seen an increase in adults coming to her clinic with hearing issues only for tests to suggest their hearing is fine. The problem is with their brain, not their ears. They might fail to locate where a sound is coming from, or struggle to follow a conversation on the train, in a bar or at a restaurant. The condition, known as auditory processing disorder, is often diagnosed in children, so the rise in adults with similar issues struck Almeida as odd. Almeida suspects prolonged headphone use, which limits the brain’s exposure to multiple sounds, might be responsible. “Normally, our brains sort thousands of sounds and prioritize important ones,” Almeida explains.” But noise-cancelling headphones deliver only one sound source — music or podcasts — depriving the brain of practice in distinguishing speech from background noise.” However, for Harvey Dillon, a professor of auditory science at the University of Manchester, Almeida’s idea is an assumption yet to be tested.” There is no research investigating the link between the use of noise-cancelling headphones and reduced auditory processing ability,” he says. He cautions that loud music can damage neurons (神经元) in the auditory system. “It may be that listening to loud music is the cause of the auditory processing problem, not the noise-cancelling feature,” he says.” If so, noise cancelling could be a good feature, as it allows one to listen to music without interference from background noise.” While theories about headphone-related harm remain unproven, experts agree on one point: understanding how modern listening habits reshape auditory processing requires urgent scientific attention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14．（2025·上海崇明·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Keys to Success in This CEO’s Eyes As founder, chairman and CEO, Ragy Thomas has been successful in leading a company from a mere idea to a multibillion-dollar software company. So, what are his keys to success? Thomas will tell you it’s not enough to be a technology visionary. You’ve got to have the leadership skills to match your big ideas. First, Thomas insists that his approach to life in general is what often sets him apart. ‌“We’re a village of 7 billion people, and where you are is not what makes you happy or controls life, it’s how you approach it.” He says this big-picture, optimistic mindset enables him to recognize problematic patterns in customer care and find out potential solutions. Thomas’s forward-thinking mindset also has helped him embrace the fact that rapidly advancing technology opens new doors through which businesses and consumers can interact in a whole new way. By using technological advances, such as AI, to sift through (筛选) information and integrating multiple channels of communication into a unified platform, Thomas says, he’s been able to revolutionize customer care. Thomas says he hates failure but loves the process of learning that comes after failure. When faced with the topics of success, failure and the many risks involved in starting a business, Thomas says, ‌“I’ve never asked myself, ‘Why me?’ I’ve always asked myself ‘Why not me?’” By building stronger connections, easier accessibility and better customer-facing infrastructure (基础设施), he believes that soon every company on the planet will want his product. These days, Thomas’s job is less about the daily to-dos and more about setting goals and empowering others to be successful. He wants to put happiness at the core of what he does, not just with clients but with his own employees. When speaking about his employees, he says, ‌“It’s important for me that you do well and not just do great work.” _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15．（2025·上海浦东新·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. British farms are attracting modern consumers Peterley Manor Farm has moved a long way from traditional farming. When Roger Brill, a fourth-generation farmer took over the farm in 1982, he grew and sold fruit and vegetables from the farm gate. Now the farm boasts a “wild spa” with outdoor ice baths and a wood-fired steam bath, yoga(瑜伽) classes in a Mongolian yurt(蒙古包). Branching out has become the norm for modern farmers. Nearly 70% of farms in England are engaging in different commercial activities. Out of those with additional income streams, one in five earn more than half of their income from diversified initiatives. Half of farm-owners let out space for other activities, according to figures from the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA); a fifth generate income from solar energy. The decision to diversify may not be new: farmers have sought alternative income streams for decades. But the need has become more urgent. Farms have been squeezed by huge rises in energy costs and the rapidly increasing cost of agricultural labour in recent years. Increasingly unpredictable weather, including record amounts of rainfall, has made harvests less reliable. Changing subsidy(补贴) arrangements add to the uncertainty. DEFRA estimates that up to 42% of all farms are unprofitable without the Basic Payment Scheme (BPS), a subsidy that was introduced in 2015 and is now ending. Diversification brings new business for struggling farms. But adapting to consumer demands leaves them exposed to wider economic cycles. It also requires them to find workers with new skills. In future Peterley Manor Farm will need more marketers and chefs, for instance, and fewer farm hands. In one respect, though, things are not that different from old-fashioned farming. “The service industry is challenging,” says Ms Brill. “It’s hard work and long hours.” _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 16．（2025·上海嘉定·二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Helping Workers Switch Off In today’s fast-paced, technology-drive n world, maintaining a healthy work-life balance has become a growing challenge for employees. Many workers struggle to disconnect from their jobs even after office hours, leading to stress, burnout, and, in extreme cases, serious health consequences. In some countries, employees feel pressure to be constantly available, answering emails and work-related messages late into the evening. In Japan, for example, the culture of long working hours has resulted in cases of “karoshi,” or death from overwork. Similarly, in Spain, the traditional 11-hour workday, which includes a lengthy midday break, often prevents workers from spending adequate time at home due to long commutes. One of the main reasons for this issue is the increasing dependence on digital communication, which allows employers to reach workers at any time. Many companies have not established clear boundaries between work and personal life, leading to an expectation that employees must always be responsive. In some countries, historical work culture also plays a role. Spain’s existing time zone and work schedule are not well-suited to employees’ natural daily rhythms, while Japan’s strong work culture has created a workplace environment where working late is expected. To address these concerns, several countries have introduced policies to help employees switch off from work. France has introduced a law granting workers the “right to disconnect,” preventing companies with over 50 employees from requiring staff to answer emails outside office hours. Germany has taken similar measures, with major corporations like Volkswagen and BMW banning managers from contacting employees after hours. Spain is considering reducing work hours and adjusting its time zone to make daily schedules more manageable. In Japan, efforts to fight overwork include strict regulations requiring employees to leave by 8 p.m., with office lights turned off and anyone still at their desk sent home. These initiatives all signal a positive shift toward healthier work environments. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 难度分布 适中 较难 81.25 18.75 试卷第16页，共16页 试卷第15页，共16页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$