专题07 阅读还原六选四（16区二模真题速递）-【好题汇编】2025年高考英语二模试题分类汇编（上海专用）

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题07 阅读还原六选四（16区二模真题速递） 全篇题型分析 题号 难度系数 详细知识点 1 0.65 人与动植物；方法/策略 2 0.4 社会问题与社会现象 3 0.65 美术与摄影 4 0.65 环境保护 5 0.65 合作与交流 6 0.65 人与动植物；环境保护 7 0.4 健康饮食 ；社会问题与社会现象 8 0.65 社会问题与社会现象 9 0.65 友谊；科普知识 10 0.65 科普知识 11 0.65 文学家 12 0.4 医疗 ；科学技术 13 0.65 发明与创造 ；环境保护 14 0.85 社会问题与社会现象 15 0.65 阅读 ；社会问题与社会现象 16 0.65 气候变化及影响 （2025·上海黄浦·二模）Houseplants Can Make You Healthier Absorbing yourself in nature is good for you. Being outdoors has been shown to improve your mood, concentration and mental health, among other things. 1 Get your hands in the soil. Touching soil, even if it’s in pots by your window, may improve your health as well. Dirt can benefit your microbiome (菌群), with possible benefits such as a stronger immune system (免疫系统). 2 So don’t see plants as something to look at; instead, report plants with your gloves off. 3 When Griffin, known on social media as Plant Kween, is ministering to the 202 plants in his apartment, he uses it as an opportunity to check in with himself: Am I getting enough water? Have I gotten enough sunlight today, too? Sometimes he uses the plant-care time to pick up the phone and connect with someone. “I’ve had some of my best conversations with friends as I’ve been watering my plants,” he said.Your work space doesn’t have to be a wasteland. If you have an office that gets some light, consider bringing in something green. The presence of plants in a work space has been shown to make workers happier and more productive. Even a bunch of flowers from a supermarket could be good for your health — a nice thought that researchers actually put to the test in a study of Japanese businessmen. And, if you work at home, sit near a plant for the day. “You know, we don’t always have to push it into a corner,” Griffin said. “ 4 ” A．Tend to yourself while you tend your plants. B．You can put it right in front of you and enjoy its beauty. C．You don’t need to be a gardening expert to enjoy the benefits. D．Viewing nature indoors can lower your heart rate and blood pressure. E．Research suggests you may get the same reaction from caring for houseplants. F．But indoor green spaces, even small ones, have benefits for our physical and mental well-being, too. 【答案】1．F 2．E 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了室内植物对健康的益处。 1．由上文“Absorbing yourself in nature is good for you. Being outdoors has been shown to improve your mood, concentration and mental health, among other things. (沉浸在大自然中对你有益。事实证明，户外活动可以改善你的情绪、注意力和心理健康等。)”可知，上文主要讲述了户外活动对人的好处，而文章的标题为“Houseplants Can Make You Healthier (室内植物能让你更健康)”，本空应强调室内的绿色空间也有好处，与上文形成对比或补充。F选项“But indoor green spaces, even small ones, have benefits for our physical and mental well-being, too. (但室内绿色空间，即使是很小的空间，对我们的身心健康也有好处。)”可知，能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 2．由上文“Touching soil, even if it’s in pots by your window, may improve your health as well. Dirt can benefit your microbiome (菌群), with possible benefits such as a stronger immune system (免疫系统). (接触土壤，即使是你窗边花盆里的土壤，也可能改善你的健康。泥土对你的微生物群有益，可能带来诸如更强的免疫系统等好处。)”及下文“So don’t see plants as something to look at; instead, report plants with your gloves off. (所以不要把植物仅仅看作是观赏的东西；相反，不戴手套去侍弄植物。)”可知，本空应进一步说明照顾室内植物也能带来类似的健康益处。E选项“Research suggests you may get the same reaction from caring for houseplants. (研究表明，照顾室内植物也可能会让你有同样的反应。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选 E。 3．由下文“When Griffin, known on social media as Plant Kween, is ministering to the 202 plants in his apartment, he uses it as an opportunity to check in with himself: Am I getting enough water? Have I gotten enough sunlight today, too? Sometimes he uses the plant-care time to pick up the phone and connect with someone. (当在社交媒体上被称为“植物女王”的格里芬照料他公寓里的202株植物时，他会借此机会审视自己：我喝的水够吗？我今天晒的太阳够吗？有时他会利用照料植物的时间拿起电话与人联系。)”可知，本段主要讲在照料植物的同时也能关照自己。A选项“Tend to yourself while you tend your plants. (在照料植物的同时也要照顾好自己。)”能够概括本段的主旨，故选A。 4．由上文“And, if you work at home, sit near a plant for the day. “You know, we don’t always have to push it into a corner,” Griffin said. (并且，如果你在家工作，白天就坐在植物旁边。“你知道，我们不必总是把它推到角落里，”格里芬说。)”可知，上文提到植物的位置，本空应接着说明可以把植物放在更合适的位置以便享受其带来的好处，而B选项“You can put it right in front of you and enjoy its beauty. (你可以把它放在你面前，欣赏它的美丽。)”承接上文格里芬说的话，符合题意，故选B。 （2025·上海长宁·二模）Macmillan to restart proceeding orders Macmillan, one of the largest book publishers in the U.S., said it is again able to process book orders as it makes progress recovering from a computer attack it disclosed last week. The company, whose divisions include St. Martin’s Press and Farrar, Straus & Giroux, said it is working its way through a pile of orders. 1 This is a relief for both the publishers and the retailers (零售商) who rely on timely deliveries. Macmillan, which is owned by Germany’s Verlag Gruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck GmbH, last week disclosed a security problem and said it had taken its systems offline as a result. 2 Several retailers said consumers likely wouldn’t notice in the short run because there was adequate stock available, though. A spokeswoman for Macmillan said no further information would be shared at this time. 3 Dane Neller, chief manager of New York-based bookseller Shakespeare & Co. said: “ 4 We had been going through wholesalers (批发商) to get new books or waiting for those in transit. This is about business going back to normal.” The return to direct ordering is expected to make the supply chain more efficient and reduce delays for customers. A．What this means is that we can now place direct orders with them. B．In turn, retail customers were unable to place orders for new books. C．The company is upgrading these security measures to prevent future disorders. D．It doesn’t anticipate it will have to change the publication date of any of its coming books. E．Macmillan denied that it would focus on expanding its digital presence to reach a wider audience. F．However, the restart of order processing is seen as a positive step to normalize business operations. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．F 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了美国大型出版商Macmillan在遭受网络攻击后恢复订单处理，这对依赖及时交付的出版商和零售商来说是利好消息，尽管短期内消费者可能不会察觉库存问题。 1．由“The company, whose divisions include St. Martin’s Press and Farrar, Straus & Giroux, said it is working its way through a pile of orders. (该公司旗下包括圣马丁出版社以及法勒、斯特劳斯和吉鲁出版社，该公司表示正在处理堆积如山的订单。)”及下文“This is a relief for both the publishers and the retailers (零售商) who rely on timely deliveries. (这对依赖及时交货的出版商和零售商来说都是一种解脱)”可知，本空应说明能够处理订单所带来的积极影响，即业务恢复正常，书籍正常出版。D选项“It doesn’t anticipate it will have to change the publication date of any of its coming books. (它预计不必更改其任何即将出版书籍的出版日期。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 2．由上文“Macmillan, which is owned by Germany’s Verlag Gruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck GmbH, last week disclosed a security problem and said it had taken its systems offline as a result. (Macmillan公司由德国Verlag Gruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck GmbH所有，上周该公司披露了一个安全问题，并表示已因此将其系统下线。)”可知，上文提到Macmillan公司因安全问题将系统下线，因此本空应说明系统下线这一举措的影响。B选项“In turn, retail customers were unable to place orders for new books. (反过来，零售客户无法订购新书。)”能承接上文，说明了系统下线带来的后果，符合题意。故选B。 3．由上文“A spokeswoman for Macmillan said no further information would be shared at this time. (Macmillan公司的一位女发言人表示，目前不会分享更多信息。)”和下文“We had been going through wholesalers (批发商) to get new books or waiting for those in transit. This is about business going back to normal. (我们之前一直通过批发商获取新书，或者等待在途的书籍。现在业务正在恢复正常。)”可知，上文提到Macmillan公司不会分享更多信息，下文说之前一直通过批发商获取新书，或者等待在途的书籍，现在业务正在恢复正常。因此，本空与上文构成转折，虽然没有说明更多信息，重启订单处理说明业务正在恢复正常。F选项“However, the restart of order processing is seen as a positive step to normalize business operations. (然而，重启订单处理被视为使业务运营正常化的积极一步。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选F。 4．由下文“We had been going through wholesalers (批发商) to get new books or waiting for those in transit. This is about business going back to normal. (我们之前一直通过批发商获取新书，或者等待在途的书籍。现在业务正在恢复正常。)”和“The return to direct ordering is expected to make the supply chain more efficient and reduce delays for customers. (预计恢复直接订购将使供应链效率更高，并减少客户所面临的延误情况。)”可知，本空应说明现在与之前的不同，即可以直接下单了。A选项“What this means is that we can now place direct orders with them. (这意味着我们现在可以直接向他们下订单了。)”能引出下文关于之前通过批发商获取新书的对比以及业务恢复正常的阐述，符合语境。故选A。 （2025·上海杨浦·二模）Storytelling That Touches Hearts Carol Guzy is the recipient of PPA’s 2025 Humanitarian Award. With a career that spans four decades, Guzy has documented humanitarian crises around the world, from the 2010 earthquake in Haiti to conflicts in the Middle East. 1 Eventually, with the stability that her career gave her, she was able to take a film photography class. When her first print developed in a darkroom tray, she says she experienced that “defining moment” people speak of when they’ve just discovered what they will spend the rest of their life pursuing. From there, Guzy took classes in photo journalism and secured newspaper traineeships while in school. For Guzy, photography has always been calling, not a job. 2 And in the age of misinformation, there is great power in a universal language we all can understand. Early in her career, Guzy was constantly on the move, which left her no time to process the harsh realities of the war zones and disasters she witnessed and photographed. Over time, the weight of those experiences led her to seek professional help to process the emotional impact of her work. 3 ” We’re not robots or walking cameras; we’re people,” she says. Guzy’s shocking images from battlefields and national disasters are raw yet filled with a sense of tenderness. Through her cameras, we witness the scene and think seriously about its implications. Guzy believes that to be a photojournalist is to “document the human condition in every form.” 4 For her, the images she captures are their own form of payment. A．Guzy says she discovered that being honest and sharing openly is the only way to lighten a burden no one should carry alone. B．She never hesitates to inform the public of complex social issues. C．“Storytelling is my oxygen,” she says. D．Growing up, Guzy’s family struggled to make ends meet, which led her to choose what she perceived as a sensible career: nursing. E．She feels lucky to have met amazing people during her travels and worked with so many great translators who help bridge communication gaps. F．For example, her work shows the pain of the disabled in a way that moves people. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Carol Guzy的摄影生涯。 1．根据后文“Eventually, with the stability that her career gave her, she was able to take a film photography class. When her first print developed in a darkroom tray, she says she experienced that “defining moment” people speak of when they’ve just discovered what they will spend the rest of their life pursuing. From there, Guzy took classes in photo journalism and secured newspaper traineeships while in school.(最终，凭借她的事业给她带来的稳定，她能够参加电影摄影课程。她说，当她在暗室的托盘里冲洗出第一张照片时，她经历了人们所说的“决定性时刻”，即他们刚刚发现了他们将用余生追求的东西。从那以后，Guzy参加了摄影新闻课程，并在学校期间获得了报纸实习机会)”可知，后文介绍了她的职业经历，且提到了事业带来的稳定，推测本句是在说明一开始从事的职业。故D选项“在她的成长过程中，Guzy的家庭一直在努力维持收支平衡，这让她选择了她认为明智的职业：护士”符合语境，故选D。 2．根据上文“For Guzy, photography has always been calling, not a job.(对Guzy来说，摄影一直是一种召唤，而不是一份工作)”以及后文“And in the age of misinformation, there is great power in a universal language we all can understand.(在这个充斥着错误信息的时代，我们都能理解的通用语言蕴含着巨大的力量)”可知，本句主要说明摄影对Guzy的意义。故C选项“‘讲故事是我的氧气，’她说”符合语境，故选C。 3．根据上文“Early in her career, Guzy was constantly on the move, which left her no time to process the harsh realities of the war zones and disasters she witnessed and photographed. Over time, the weight of those experiences led her to seek professional help to process the emotional impact of her work.(在她职业生涯的早期，Guzy一直在四处奔波，这让她没有时间去处理她亲眼目睹和拍摄的战区和灾难的残酷现实。随着时间的推移，这些经历的重压使她寻求专业帮助，以处理工作带来的情感影响)”以及后文“We’re not robots or walking cameras; we’re people,” she says. Guzy’s shocking images from battlefields and national disasters are raw yet filled with a sense of tenderness. Through her cameras, we witness the scene and think seriously about its implications.(我们不是机器人，也不是行走的摄像头；我们是人，”她说。Guzy从战场和国家灾难中拍摄的令人震惊的照片是原始的，但充满了温柔的感觉。通过她的镜头，我们见证了这一场景，并认真思考其含义)”可知，本句主要说明Guzy是如何应对工作带来的情感影响的。故A选项“Guzy说，她发现诚实和公开分享是减轻任何人都不应该独自承担的负担的唯一方法”符合语境，故选A。 4．根据上文“Guzy believes that to be a photojournalist is to “document the human condition in every form.”(Guzy认为，作为一名摄影记者，就是要“以各种形式记录人类的状况”)”以及后文“For her, the images she captures are their own form of payment.(对她来说，她拍摄的照片就是他们自己的付款方式)”可知，后文提到了“拍摄的照片就是他们自己的付款方式”，推测本句主要说明后文their指代的具体人群。故E选项“她很幸运在旅行中遇到了很棒的人，并与许多优秀的翻译一起工作，他们帮助弥合了沟通上的差距”符合语境，故选E。 （2025·上海普陀·二模）Fresh Thinking about Fresh Air In 1842, Edwin Chadwick, a British social reformer, published his landmark Report on the Sanitary (卫生的) Condition of the Labouring Population. By highlighting the link between poor public health conditions and poor health, Chadwick’s report revealed social and geographic health inequalities. His findings inspired British cities to organize clean water supplies and centralized waste treatment systems, which significantly reduced infectious diseases. 1         Schools serve as a good example of this issue. A study of 100 American classrooms proved that 87 had airflow rates below healthy standards. In Europe, researchers found that 66% of classrooms in countries such as Denmark and France failed to meet acceptable indoor air quality standards. This is alarming, as poor air quality in schools contributes to conditions like asthma (哮喘), which affects nearly one in 13 American children. Outdoor air pollution, which often enters buildings, can further harm brain development, academic performance and even increase cancer risks. 2 Most people spend more than 90% of their time indoors, where spaces with poor air flow have been linked to headaches, burnout, asthma and other health issues. Poor air flow has been blamed for decreased workplace productivity and higher absenteeism. Despite its importance, indoor air quality has received little government attention. 3 Installing carbon dioxide sensors could inform occupants when to open windows or upgrade air systems. National indoor air quality standards, enforced through air flow certificates similar to food safety ratings, would help ensure safer environments. The cost of better air circulation is modest. Upgrading air circulation in all American schools to meet minimum standards would cost less than 0.1% of annual public education spending. 4 As Chadwick’s reforms established clean water as a public expectation, the recent health disaster should inspire policymakers to make clean air an essential standard for all buildings. A．Air circulation is the forgotten part for improved public health. B．But achieving clean, healthful air in buildings is feasible. C．Investments in clean indoor air yield significant returns, boosting academic performance and enhancing workplace productivity. D．The government’s recent plan prioritizes school air flow, setting an example for other countries to follow. E．The problem, however, is not limited to schools. F．Today, another public health priority is emerging: improving indoor air quality. 【答案】1．F 2．E 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章借Edwin Chadwick报告引出空气质量话题，指出学校等室内空气质量差危害健康，室内空气质量未获政府重视，最后呼吁制定标准改善空气质量。 1．上文“By highlighting the link between poor public health conditions and poor health, Chadwick’s report revealed social and geographic health inequalities. His findings inspired British cities to organize clean water supplies and centralized waste treatment systems, which significantly reduced infectious diseases.(通过强调恶劣的公共卫生条件与健康不佳之间的联系，查德威克的报告揭示了社会和地域健康不平等问题。他的发现促使英国城市组织清洁水供应和集中污水处理系统，这显著减少了传染病)”讲述了查德威克报告对公共卫生的影响。F选项“Today, another public health priority is emerging: improving indoor air quality.(如今，另一个公共卫生重点正在出现：改善室内空气质量)”与上文形成时间上的对比，引出了新的公共卫生重点，上下文衔接自然。故选F项。 2．上文“Schools serve as a good example of this issue. A study of 100 American classrooms proved that 87 had airflow rates below healthy standards...(学校是这个问题的一个很好的例子。一项对100间美国教室的研究证明，87间教室的空气流通率低于健康标准……)”指出学校存在空气质量问题。E选项“The problem, however, is not limited to schools.(然而，这个问题并不局限于学校)”与上文构成转折关系，说明空气质量问题不仅仅存在于学校，引出下文“Most people spend more than 90% of their time indoors, where spaces with poor air flow have been linked to headaches, burnout, asthma and other health issues. Poor air flow has been blamed for decreased workplace productivity and higher absenteeism.(大多数人90%以上的时间都呆在室内，空气不流通的空间与头痛、倦怠、哮喘和其他健康问题有关。空气流通不畅被认为是导致工作效率下降和缺勤率上升的原因)”对其他场所空气质量问题的讨论。故选E项。 3．上文“Despite its importance, indoor air quality has received little government attention.(尽管室内空气质量很重要，但政府却很少关注)”指出室内空气质量未得到政府重视这一问题。B选项“But achieving clean, healthful air in buildings is feasible.(但是在建筑物内实现清洁、健康的空气是可行的)”与上文构成转折关系，提出虽然政府不重视，但解决室内空气质量问题是可行的，引出下文的解决办法。故选B项。 4．上文“The cost of better air circulation is modest. Upgrading air circulation in all American schools to meet minimum standards would cost less than 0.1% of annual public education spending.(改善空气流通的成本并不高。将美国所有学校的空气流通升级到最低标准的成本不到年度公共教育支出的0.1%)”说明改善空气流通成本低。C选项“Investments in clean indoor air yield significant returns, boosting academic performance and enhancing workplace productivity.(对清洁室内空气的投资会带来显著回报，提高学业成绩和工作场所的生产力)”承接上文，说明在室内空气质量上投入成本低但回报大，上下文逻辑连贯。故选C项。 （2025·上海金山·二模）Teamwork: Important in career planning Teamwork is a vital skill for career planning and professional growth. One of its key benefits is developing problem-solving abilities. In any career, challenges are inevitable, and working in a team allows individuals to combine their diverse skills, experiences, and perspectives (视角) to find creative solutions. 1 This collaborative (合作的) approach not only leads to better outcomes but also helps you develop critical thinking and adaptability, essential for rising to workplace challenges. Another important aspect of teamwork is improving communication skills. 2 Team projects provide a practical environment to practice these skills, helping you express yourself clearly and understand others’ perspectives. Strong communication is highly valued in the workplace, as it ensures smooth cooperation and minimizes misunderstandings. 3 In a team, you may take on roles such as leading a project, assigning tasks, or motivating others. These experiences teach you how to manage group dynamics and inspire people to work toward a common goal. At the same time, you learn to cooperate effectively, balancing your contributions with those of others. These skills are particularly important in today’s interconnected work environment, where projects often require input from multiple participants. Finally, teamwork prepares you for the realities of the workplace. Most professional environments rely on joint efforts, and employers value candidates who can work well in teams. By practicing teamwork early on, you develop the ability to contribute to group efforts, adapt to different working styles, and build positive relationships with co-workers. 4 In short, teamwork is not just a soft skill; it is a critical component of career planning and professional success. A．Teamwork also enhances leadership and collaboration skills. B．Additionally, teamwork can increase your contributions in the workplace. C．By pooling resources and ideas, teams can tackle complex problems more effectively. D．These experiences increase your confidence and readiness for future career challenges. E．Teamwork sometimes slows down decision-making processes due to excessive discussions. F．Whether you’re sharing ideas or giving feedback, efficient information-exchanging is crucial. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了团队合作在职业规划和个人职业成长中的重要性，介绍了团队合作能培养解决问题能力、提升沟通能力等好处。 1．上文“One of its key benefits is developing problem solving abilities. In any career, challenges are inevitable, and working in a team allows individuals to combine their diverse skills, experiences, and perspectives (视角) to find creative solutions.(它的一个关键好处是培养解决问题的能力。在任何职业中，挑战都是不可避免的，团队合作能让个人结合他们不同的技能、经验和视角来找到创造性的解决方案)”强调团队合作有助于解决问题。C选项“By pooling resources and ideas, teams can tackle complex problems more effectively.(通过集中资源和想法，团队可以更有效地解决复杂问题)”进一步说明了团队合作解决问题的方式，即集中资源和想法，与上文在逻辑上紧密相连，都是围绕团队合作解决问题展开。故选C项。 2．上文“Another important aspect of teamwork is improving communication skills.(团队合作的另一个重要方面是提高沟通能力)”提出团队合作对提升沟通能力有作用。F选项“Whether you’re sharing ideas or giving feedback, efficient information exchanging is crucial.(无论你是在分享想法还是提供反馈，高效的信息交流都是至关重要的)”具体说明了在团队合作中沟通的重要表现形式——高效信息交流，与上文提到的沟通能力相呼应。故选F项。 3．下文“In a team, you may take on roles such as leading a project, assigning tasks, or motivating others. These experiences teach you how to manage group dynamics and inspire people to work toward a common goal.(在团队中，你可能会承担诸如领导一个项目、分配任务或激励他人等角色。这些经历会教你如何管理团队动态，激励人们朝着一个共同的目标努力)”描述了在团队中能获得领导和合作相关的经验。A选项“Teamwork also enhances leadership and collaboration skills.(团队合作还能提升领导和合作能力)”正好引出下文关于团队合作在领导和合作方面的内容，与下文逻辑关系紧密。故选A项。 4．上文“By practicing teamwork early on, you develop the ability to contribute to group efforts, adapt to different working styles, and build positive relationships with co workers.(通过尽早实践团队合作，你能培养为团队做出贡献的能力，适应不同的工作风格，并与同事建立积极的关系)”说明了团队合作能带来的各种能力提升。D选项“These experiences increase your confidence and readiness for future career challenges.(这些经历会增加你应对未来职业挑战的信心和准备)”总结了上文提到的团队合作带来的能力提升的好处，即增强应对未来职业挑战的信心和准备，与上文逻辑连贯。故选D项。 （2025·上海青浦·二模）Europe’s War on Predators (食肉动物): A Misguided Approach We Europeans are incapable of living alongside predators. We expect people in Africa and Asia to share their homes with lions, tigers, Komodo dragons and a host of other potentially dangerous animals without question. 1 Wolves in Europe, for example, are under the spotlight. Following reintroductions and careful protection, there are now 21,500 of these awesome animals across the continent. But as numbers increase, there is a rising tide of opposition. Even Switzerland is undergoing an effort to eliminate 70 per cent of its wolf population (currently 300 animals in 32 packs). 2 The Norwegian government, meanwhile, seems determined to limit its wolf population to just a few breeding pairs — which it says is enough to keep them from extinction. More accurately, it will push them to the edge of extinction. 3 But there are tried-and-tested ways of reducing the problem: boosting the availability of natural prey, electric fencing and the use of guard dogs among them. Many countries even have “wolf administrators”, who help farmers to protect their stock, and there is generous compensation for any predation. They’re not dangerous to people, either. According to the European Commission’s own 2023 investigative report on wolf attacks, “although wolves can attack humans, no fatal wolf attacks on people have been recorded in the past 40 years”. 4 There is a bigger picture here. Predators earn their keep through wildlife tourism and they are keystone species vital in maintaining the health and balance of ecosystems. It’s not all about farmers and hunters. There has to be some middle ground. A．Comparatively, more people are killed by livestock (牲口). B．The hunting for wolves has initiated long-lasting debates among researchers and policymakers. C．This is despite the fact that attacks on livestock have declined sharply while wolf numbers have increased. D．We should stay alert to occasional wolf attacks on humans. E．So why can’t we be as sympathetic and enlightened about predator conservation as they are? F．There’s no denying that wolves occasionally attack livestock. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．F 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了欧洲对食肉动物保护的错误做法，呼吁寻找保护食肉动物与保障人类利益之间的平衡。 1．由上文“We expect people in Africa and Asia to share their homes with lions, tigers, Komodo dragons and a host of other potentially dangerous animals without question (我们期望非洲和亚洲的人们能够毫无疑问地与狮子、老虎、科莫多龙和许多其他潜在危险的动物共享家园)”可知，本空要表达欧洲人对待食肉动物与非洲、亚洲人不同态度的疑问，E选项“So why can’t we be as sympathetic and enlightened about predator conservation as they are? (那么为什么我们不能像他们一样对食肉动物保护抱有同情和开明的态度呢？)”承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 2．由上文“Even Switzerland is undergoing an effort to eliminate 70 per cent of its wolf population (currently 300 animals in 32 packs) (甚至瑞士也在努力消灭70%的狼群（目前有32个狼群，共300只狼）)”可知，本空要说明在狼数量增加的情况下，这种消灭狼群的做法不合理，C选项“This is despite the fact that attacks on livestock have declined sharply while wolf numbers have increased (尽管狼的数量增加了，但对牲畜的攻击却急剧减少)”承接上文，说明消灭狼群做法的不合理之处，符合题意。故选C。 3．由后文“But there are tried - and - tested ways of reducing the problem: boosting the availability of natural prey, electric fencing and the use of guard dogs among them (但有一些行之有效的方法可以减少这个问题：增加天然猎物的数量、设置电子围栏以及使用护卫犬等)”可知，本空要指出狼存在的问题，F选项“There’s no denying that wolves occasionally attack livestock (不可否认，狼偶尔会攻击牲畜)”引出后文解决狼攻击牲畜问题的方法，符合题意。故选F。 4．由上文“According to the European Commission’s own 2023 investigative report on wolf attacks, ‘although wolves can attack humans, no fatal wolf attacks on people have been recorded in the past 40 years’ (根据欧盟委员会2023年关于狼袭击事件的调查报告，‘尽管狼会攻击人类，但在过去40年里，没有记录到狼致人死亡的事件’)”可知，本空要进一步说明与狼攻击人类相比，其他导致人死亡的情况，A选项“Comparatively, more people are killed by livestock (牲口) (相比之下，更多人死于牲口（攻击）)”能与上文形成对比，符合题意。故选A。 （2025·上海静安·二模）On-the-go Americans are increasingly consuming their morning calories over several hours instead of sitting down to enjoy a plate of pancakes, bacon and eggs in one sitting. The case of the morning chewing is being initiated by the belief that it’s healthier to eat several smaller meals instead of three squares a day. What qualifies as a snack or a meal is still a matter of perspective. 1 General Mills, Quaker Oats and other brands are adding to their lineup of small-packaged bars and yogurts. And Jimmy Dean this summer introduced mini-breakfast sandwiches. It’s breakfast in stages. People will eat something at home, then stop at a convenience store for coffee and maybe a little something.   2 The number of times Americans snack is rising faster in the morning than during the afternoon or evening. After all, it’s easier and less time- consuming to pop a few snacks in your backpack for later enjoyment than to sit down for a prepared meal. Turning the snacking habit into an all-day affair would be a major growth driver for the already massive snack food industry. Sales of all snack foods reached S16. 64 billion in the past year, up 3. 3 percent from a year before, according to Nielsen. Of course, food companies have tried before to get people to eat outside of typical meal times.   3 People generally feel they should eat healthy in the mornings to start the day off right. Unfortunately, snacking is generally associated with junk food. Therefore, food companies are trying every means to make the idea of tearing into a snack before noon easier to swallow. 4 Products that are less than 300 calories and have more fiber or whole grains are quickly launched on the market. The idea is that such snacks will help people stay energized or feel full longer, making morning snacking a psychologically acceptable act. A．Sustaining energy while on the move all day without sacrificing flavor is the overall rule. B．Nutritional benefits of packaged goodies are repeatedly mentioned. C．There is a commonly held idea that more frequent meals can help influence weight loss. D．But food companies are already rolling out smaller bites that feed the growing appetite for morning treats. E．Marketing morning snacks is trickier, though. F．The deconstruction of breakfast is definitely happening. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．E 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国人早餐习惯的变化，即分阶段进食，食品公司推出小份早餐食品，同时指出推广早餐零食有挑战及应对策略。 1．上文“What qualifies as a snack or a meal is still a matter of perspective.(什么算零食或正餐仍是个见仁见智的问题)”提到零食和正餐的界定不明确。D选项“But food companies are already rolling out smaller bites that feed the growing appetite for morning treats.(但食品公司已经在推出小份食品，以满足人们对早餐零食日益增长的需求)”与上文形成转折，表明尽管界定不明确，但食品公司已经开始行动推出适合早餐吃的小份食品，同时与下文“General Mills, Quaker Oats and other brands are adding to their lineup of small packaged bars and yogurts.(通用磨坊、桂格燕麦等品牌正在增加其小包装棒状食品和酸奶的产品线)”相呼应，介绍了公司的具体行动。故选D项。 2．上文“It’s breakfast in stages. People will eat something at home, then stop at a convenience store for coffee and maybe a little something.(早餐是分阶段进行的。人们会先在家吃点东西，然后在便利店停下来喝杯咖啡，可能再吃点小零食)”描述了美国人分阶段吃早餐的方式。F选项“The deconstruction of breakfast is definitely happening.(早餐的拆分现象确实正在发生)”对上文内容进行总结概括，指出早餐不再是传统的一顿，而是被拆分了。故选F项。 3．上文“Of course, food companies have tried before to get people to eat outside of typical meal times.(当然，食品公司以前就曾试图让人们在非传统用餐时间吃东西)”提到食品公司之前有过让人们在非正餐时间进食的尝试。下文“People generally feel they should eat healthy in the mornings to start the day off right. Unfortunately, snacking is generally associated with junk food.(人们通常觉得早上应该吃健康的食物，开启美好的一天。不幸的是，吃零食通常与垃圾食品联系在一起)”说明推广早餐零食存在问题。E选项“Marketing morning snacks is trickier, though.(不过，推广早餐零食更棘手)”承上启下，引出下文关于推广早餐零食困难的内容。故选E项。 4．上文“Therefore, food companies are trying every means to make the idea of tearing into a snack before noon easier to swallow.(因此，食品公司正在想尽一切办法让人们更容易接受在中午前吃零食的想法)”表明食品公司要让人们接受早餐吃零食。下文“Products that are less than 300 calories and have more fiber or whole grains are quickly launched on the market. The idea is that such snacks will help people stay energized or feel full longer, making morning snacking a psychologically acceptable act.(热量低于300卡路里、富含更多纤维或全麦的产品很快就会上市。这样做的想法是，这些零食将帮助人们保持精力充沛或更长时间有饱腹感，使早餐吃零食成为一种在心理上可以接受的行为)”介绍了推出的产品特点及目的。A选项“Sustaining energy while on the move all day without sacrificing flavor is the overall rule.(在不牺牲口味的前提下，全天活动时保持精力充沛是总体原则)”与上下文相呼应，说明食品公司推出产品要遵循既满足人们对口味的需求，又能提供能量的原则，从而让人们接受早餐吃零食。故选A项。 （2025·上海宝山·二模）In the world of social media, people often create videos to share their knowledge about a series of topics, from piano lessons to computer repair. As a result, when someone is seeking an answer to a question, they often turn to YouTube for an answer. It stands to reason that those who have trouble with studying would also consult YouTube for a solution. 1 In Korea, the popular videos are called “gongbang,” which means Study Broadcast. In Japan, they’re called “benkyoudouga,” and in America and other countries, they’re called Study with Me. No matter what their names are, many viewers have jumped on the SWM bandwagon. Students create and share videos of themselves studying earnestly, usually for an exam. Many of the videos are shot in a quiet room. The camera often focuses on a clean desk with a tidy display of books, notebooks, a computer and a timer. Throughout most of the videos, no words are spoken; the focus is on the creator as he or she studies. 2 Are SWM videos just “lazy content,” or are they beneficial? Financial site Business Insider says this type of video “serves a real purpose, helping people focus.” The Korea Advanced Institute of Science an Technology performed research on Study with Me videos and discovered several benefits. First, people can set up quiet study areas in their homes to view the videos. 3 Next, observing the diligence of the creator often motivates viewers, especially those who have trouble studying. Finally, viewer gain emotional support by knowing that they are part of a group with perhaps thousands others, all working toward the same goal. Some viewers have said that Study with Me “satisfies the need for belonging and social contact” by providing a sense of companionship. 4 Some SWM livestreams, where viewers can chat with each other in real time, feel like online study groups. This helps create a satisfactory study environment where students — even those who struggle — can find the inspiration they need to stay on task. A．The point is not to teach anything but simply to provide a study companion. B．The creator becomes a study partner, which reduces the isolation many students feel. C．That is why SWM comes into being, and becomes more and more popular these days. D．That’s where Study with Me (SWM) videos come into play. E．Silent videos can help students overcome the feelings of isolation and loneliness. F．This cuts down on their commute (通勤) to libraries or established study rooms. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．F 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了社交媒体上兴起的学习陪伴视频（SWM）现象，探讨了其形式、益处及受欢迎的原因。 1．由上文“In the world of social media, people often create videos to share their knowledge about a series of topics, from piano lessons to computer repair. As a result, when someone is seeking an answer to a question, they often turn to YouTube for an answer. It stands to reason that those who have trouble with studying would also consult YouTube for a solution. (在社交媒体的世界里，人们常常制作视频来分享他们关于一系列话题的知识，从钢琴课程到电脑维修。因此，当有人在寻求某个问题的答案时，他们往往会到YouTube上寻找答案。顺理成章的是，那些在学习上遇到困难的人也会向YouTube 咨询解决办法。)”及下文“In Korea, the popular videos are called “gongbang,” which means Study Broadcast. In Japan, they’re called “benkyoudouga,” and in America and other countries, they’re called Study with Me. No matter what their names are, many viewers have jumped on the SWM bandwagon. (在韩国，这类受欢迎的视频被称为“gongbang”，意思是“学习直播”。在日本，它们被称为“benkyoudouga”，而在美国和其他国家，它们被叫做“Study with Me”。不管它们叫什么名字，许多观众都加入了“SWM”的热潮。)”可知，本空应强调SWM这类视频的帮助作用。D选项“That’s where Study with Me (SWM) videos come into play. (这就是Study with Me（SWM）视频发挥作用的地方。)”能够承上启下，引出下文对SWM视频的介绍，符合题意。故选D。 2．由上文“Throughout most of the videos, no words are spoken; the focus is on the creator as he or she studies. (在大多数视频中，没有人说话；重点是创作者在学习时的状态。)”可知，上文描述了SWM视频的拍摄场景和特点，所以本空应进一步说明这种视频的重点或目的。A选项“The point is not to teach anything but simply to provide a study companion. (重点不是教任何东西，而是提供一个学习伙伴。)”能够承接上文，解释SWM视频的重点，符合题意。故选A。 3．由上文“The Korea Advanced Institute of Science an Technology performed research on Study with Me videos and discovered several benefits. First, people can set up quiet study areas in their homes to view the videos. (韩国科学技术高等研究院对“Study with Me”视频进行了研究，并发现了几个好处。首先，人们可以在家里设置安静的学习区域来观看这些视频。)”可知，上文提到了在家观看SWM视频这一行为及其作为好处的一方面，所以本空应继续阐述在家观看视频带来的其他好处。F选项“This cuts down on their commute (通勤) to libraries or established study rooms. (这减少了他们往返图书馆或固定自习室的通勤时间。)”进一步说明了在家观看视频的好处是减少通勤时间，承接了上文在家观看视频的内容，符合题意。故选F。 4．由上文“Some viewers have said that Study with Me "satisfies the need for belonging and social contact" by providing a sense of companionship. (一些观众表示，学习陪伴视频通过提供陪伴感“满足了归属感和社交接触的需求”。)”可知，本空应进一步解释这种陪伴感如何影响观众。B选项“The creator becomes a study partner, which reduces the isolation many students feel. (创作者成为学习伙伴，这减少了许多学生感到的孤独感。)”进一步阐述了SWM视频如何减少学生的孤独感，能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。 （2025·上海徐汇·二模）How some friendships last — and others don’t In a 2008 study, psychologists asked participants to rate the steepness (陡度) of a hill. Those who were accompanied by a friend judged the hill to be less steep than people who were alone. This is just one of many ways friendships can change how we see and move through the world. Friendships can boost our academic performance, help us deal with setbacks, and even improve our health. 1 If you struggle with approaching new people, you are far from alone. In a series of studies, participants had conversations of varying lengths with strangers. Afterward, they were asked to estimate how much they thought each stranger liked them. Across the board, participants rated their own likability much lower than others had actually rated them. 2 You may even want to enter these conversations assuming that the other person will like you. Psychologists find that when people expect to be well-liked, they often unknowingly come across as warmer and friendlier. Next, what’s happening when relationships grow? Psychologists have identified two key features: companionship and closeness. Companionship is defined as the understanding that increases between people with similar hobbies, interests, or values. Sometimes, just being in the same class or team is enough to build this connection. Closeness, on the other hand, looks different for every relationship. 3 But simply telling a friend about your day or sharing your interests can help build closeness too. While every friendship develops on its own timeline, consistency can help. This can include sticking to plans, chatting regularly, and remembering the things that are important to each other. Yet even the closest friendships face challenges. This is especially true for teenage friendships. Relationships may also weaken when one friend can’t support the other through hard times. The most surefire way to deal with these problems is to talk about them. These conversations can be tough and awkward. 4 A．But if they’re approached in the right way, they can strengthen friendships in the long run. B．So, before meeting new people, remember that others like you more than you think. C．It might mean supporting each other through difficult times or feeling comfortable sharing your thoughts and feelings. D．And the more friends you make, the more confident you’ll likely feel. E．For example, there might be a situation that puts two friends in competition. F．It’s clear that friendships are important, but making and maintaining friends isn’t always easy. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是说明文。主要探讨了友谊的持久性及其影响因素。 1．根据上文“Friendships can boost our academic performance, help us deal with setbacks, and even improve our health.(友谊可以提高我们的学习成绩，帮助我们应对挫折，甚至改善我们的健康)”讲述友谊的好处，以及后文“If you struggle with approaching new people, you are far from alone.(如果你在接近新朋友时遇到困难，那么你并不是一个人)”可知，本段主要讲述结交朋友是困难的，所以F项“It’s clear that friendships are important, but making and maintaining friends isn’t always easy.(很明显，友谊很重要，但结交和维持朋友并不总是那么容易)”承接上文，并引出下文，符合文意。故选F项。 2．根据上文“In a series of studies, participants had conversations of varying lengths with strangers. Afterward, they were asked to estimate how much they thought each stranger liked them. Across the board, participants rated their own likability much lower than others had actually rated them.(在一系列研究中，参与者与陌生人进行了不同长度的对话。之后，他们被要求估计他们认为每个陌生人有多喜欢他们。总的来说，参与者对自己可爱程度的评价远低于其他人对他们的实际评价)”可知，此处讲述他人对自己的看法比想象中要好，所以B项“So, before meeting new people, remember that others like you more than you think.(所以，在认识新朋友之前，记住别人比你想象的更喜欢你)”和前文构成因果关系，符合文意。故选B项。 3．根据前文“Closeness, on the other hand, looks different for every relationship.(另一方面，亲密感在每段关系中都是不同的)”可知，接下来应是说明有什么不同，所以C项“It might mean supporting each other through difficult times or feeling comfortable sharing your thoughts and feelings.(这可能意味着在困难时期相互支持，或者自在地分享你的想法和感受)”符合文意，是对前句的详细说明，并引出下文“But simply telling a friend about your day or sharing your interests can help build closeness too.(但简单地告诉朋友你的一天或分享你的兴趣也可以帮助建立亲密关系。)”说明这样做的作用。故选C项。 4．设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“While every friendship develops on its own timeline, consistency can help. This can include sticking to plans, chatting regularly, and remembering the things that are important to each other. Yet even the closest friendships face challenges. This is especially true for teenage friendships. Relationships may also weaken when one friend can’t support the other through hard times. The most surefire way to deal with these problems is to talk about them. These conversations can be tough and awkward.(虽然每段友谊的发展都有自己的时间表，但保持一致会有所帮助。这可以包括坚持计划，定期聊天，记住对彼此重要的事情。然而，即使是最亲密的友谊也会面临挑战。青少年的友谊尤其如此。当一个朋友在困难时期不能支持另一个朋友时，关系也会减弱。处理这些问题最可靠的方法就是谈论它们。这些对话可能会很艰难和尴尬)”可知，前文讲述如何维持友谊，并提到这些交流可能很难，所以A项“But if they’re approached in the right way, they can strengthen friendships in the long run.(但如果以正确的方式接近他们，从长远来看，他们可以加强友谊)”和前文构成转折关系，是对前文方法的总结，符合文意。故选A项。 （2025·上海虹口·二模）How Genes Affect Education It has long been debated whether various aspects of our personalities and abilities are influenced more by our genes or our early environment. 1 The extent to which identical twins are more similar in any particular character than non-identical twins reveals how much variation in that character is down to genetics. The rest is usually assumed to be due to the environment. Studies show that many traits are not influenced much by the environment. However, educational attainment—how many years someone spends in school—is often found to be about 35% influenced by the environment. 2 Damien Morris at King’s College London believes the biggest overlooked factor is that people tend to have children with someone with a similar level of education as themselves, an idea known as assortative mating. Morris studied whether people with similar education levels tend to marry by using a recent German twin study. This study collected data not only on the twins but also on their parents and siblings (兄弟姐妹) from nearly 1,000 families. After analyzing this data using the traditional twin study design, environmental differences between families were estimated to account for 43 per cent of the variation in years of schooling. 3 Sure enough, there was more similarity between the educational years of each parental pair than would be expected by chance. Taking this into account, the environmental contribution was estimated to be just 26 per cent. Morris also analyzed the impact of a second factor usually overlooked in twin studies. This is the fact that the early environments of twins are more similar than those of non-twin siblings. 4 When this was taken into account as well, the estimated environmental influence fell to 10 per cent. “This is a very interesting finding,” says Jeremy Freese at Stanford University. “It is unimaginable to me to think that everything that goes on with parents is only a bit player in the story.” A．Other kinds of studies have given higher estimates for the environmental contribution to years of schooling. B．Scientists sometimes investigate the question by comparing different kinds of twins. C．Then, Morris analyzed the same data using a method that also included the parents’ years of education. D．These studies usually overlook two factors, however, leading to falsely high estimates of environmental effects. E．This is the conclusion of a study on twins, which suggests that most previous such research has overestimated the effects of upbringing F．Twins are more likely to have grown up in the same financial circumstances, gone to the same school and so on. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基因对受教育程度的影响。 1．根据上文“It has long been debated whether various aspects of our personalities and abilities are influenced more by our genes or our early environment.( 长期以来，人们一直在争论，我们性格和能力的各个方面更多地受到基因还是早期环境的影响。)”提到长期以来存在关于我们的个性和能力的各个方面是更多地受基因还是早期环境影响的争论，以及下文“The extent to which identical twins are more similar in any particular character than non-identical twins reveals how much variation in that character is down to genetics.( 同卵双胞胎在某一特定特征上比异卵双胞胎更相似的程度揭示了该特征上有多少变异是由基因决定的。)”提到同卵双胞胎在任何特定特征上比异卵双胞胎更相似的程度揭示了该特征的多少变异归因于遗传学，B选项“Scientists sometimes investigate the question by comparing different kinds of twins.( 科学家有时通过比较不同类型的双胞胎来研究这个问题。)”可知，“the question”指代上文的争论，“comparing different kinds of twins” 与下文的同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎的比较相呼应，起到了承上启下的作用。故选B项。 2．根据上文“Studies show that many traits are not influenced much by the environment. However, educational attainment—how many years someone spends in school—is often found to be about 35% influenced by the environment.( 研究表明，许多特征不太受环境的影响。然而，受教育程度——一个人在学校呆了多少年——通常被发现受环境的影响约为35%。)”提到受教育程度——一个人在学校呆了多少年——通常被发现受环境的影响约为35%。以及下文“Damien Morris at King’s College London believes the biggest overlooked factor is that people tend to have children with someone with a similar level of education as themselves, an idea known as assortative mating.( 伦敦国王学院的达米安·莫里斯认为，最容易被忽视的因素是，人们倾向于与自己的教育水平相似的人生育孩子，这种想法被称为“选择性交配”。)”提到最大的被忽视的因素是人们倾向于与教育水平与自己相似的人结婚。D选项“These studies usually overlook two factors, however, leading to falsely high estimates of environmental effects.( 然而，这些研究通常忽略了两个因素，导致对环境影响的估计过高。)”可知，“These studies”承接上文关于受教育程度受环境影响的研究，“overlook two factors” 引出下文提到的被忽视的因素。故选D项。 3．根据上文“After analyzing this data using the traditional twin study design, environmental differences between families were estimated to account for 43 per cent of the variation in years of schooling.( 在使用传统的双胞胎研究设计分析这些数据后，家庭之间的环境差异估计占受教育年限差异的43%。)”提到家庭之间的环境差异估计占受教育年限差异的 43%。以及下文“Sure enough, there was more similarity between the educational years of each parental pair than would be expected by chance. (果然，父母双方受教育年限之间的相似之处比偶然预期的要多。)”提到父母双方受教育年限之间的相似之处比偶然预期的要多。C选项“Then, Morris analyzed the same data using a method that also included the parents’ years of education.( 然后，莫里斯使用一种也包括父母受教育年限的方法分析了相同的数据。)”可知，“analyzed the same data”承接上文对数据的分析，“included the parents’years of education”与下文提到的父母受教育年限相关内容相呼应。故选C项。 4．根据上文“This is the fact that the early environments of twins are more similar than those of non-twin siblings.( 这就是双胞胎的早期环境比非双胞胎兄弟姐妹更相似的事实。)”提到 双胞胎的早期环境比非双胞胎兄弟姐妹更相似的事实，F选项“Twins are more likely to have grown up in the same financial circumstances, gone to the same school and so on.( 双胞胎更有可能在相同的经济环境中长大，上同一所学校等等。)”可知，进一步解释了双胞胎早期环境更相似的具体表现，与上文内容相符。故选F项。 （2025·上海闵行·二模）The Man Who Invented the Future Known as the father of science fiction, Jules Verne’s works transported readers on exciting adventures across the Earth and beyond. In his imaginative novels, Verne penned more than adventure stories. 1 In In the Year 2889, Verne described a world with global multimedia communication. The character is able to communicate with his wife on another continent, using the “phonotelephote” — a device capable of sending sound and images over long distances. In From the Earth to the Moon, Verne even envisioned a lunar voyage decades before the first actual moon landing. Unlike fantasies or supernatural tales, Verne’s works focused on imagining the future. 2 This approach laid the foundation for the “hard science fiction” of the 20th century, which emphasized the importance of scientific accuracy. Verne was an advocate of scientific progress and innovation. 3 Many of his stories feature brilliant yet mad scientists. For example, characters like Captain Nemo in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea use their inventions for destructive purposes, suggesting that it is human nature, not the technology itself, that determines whether it becomes a force for good or harm. 4 He shapes the way generations think about technology and the human mind’s potential. That is the greatest achievement of Verne’s timeless works. A．But his writings offer a different perspective. B．Verne’s influence extends far beyond literature. C．This method required extraordinary talents and scientific insights. D．His visions were grounded in science and his own thorough research. E．His tales may reduce the popularity of supernatural stories to some extent. F．He also imagined technological advancements long before they became reality. 【答案】1．F 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科幻小说之父儒勒·凡尔纳的重要地位以及他的作品特点。 1．根据上文“Known as the father of science fiction, Jules Verne’s works transported readers on exciting adventures across the Earth and beyond. In his imaginative novels, Verne penned more than adventure stories.(儒勒·凡尔纳被誉为科幻小说之父，他的作品将读者带到了地球上甚至更远的地方进行激动人心的冒险。在他富有想象力的小说中，凡尔纳写的不仅仅是冒险故事)”以及第二段“In In the Year 2889, Verne described a world with global multimedia communication. The character is able to communicate with his wife on another continent, using the “phonotelephote” — a device capable of sending sound and images over long distances. In From the Earth to the Moon, Verne even envisioned a lunar voyage decades before the first actual moon landing.(在《2889年》中，凡尔纳描述了一个全球多媒体通信的世界。这个角色可以用“phonotelephote”——一种能够远距离发送声音和图像的设备——与他在另一个大陆上的妻子交流。在《从地球到月球》中，凡尔纳甚至在人类首次真正登月的几十年前就设想了一次月球航行)”可知，本句承上启下，说明凡尔纳的故事想象了一些当时并不存在的技术。故F选项“早在技术进步成为现实之前，他就已经在想象了”符合语境，与上文构成并列关系递进关系。故选F。 2．根据上文“Unlike fantasies or supernatural tales, Verne’s works focused on imagining the future.(与幻想或超自然故事不同，凡尔纳的作品侧重于对未来的想象)”以及后文“This approach laid the foundation for the “hard science fiction” of the 20th century, which emphasized the importance of scientific accuracy.(这种方法为20世纪的“硬科幻小说”奠定了基础，它强调科学准确性的重要性)”可知，本句主要说明凡尔纳为20世纪的“硬科幻小说”奠定了基础的具体方法是什么。故D选项“他的想象是建立在科学和他自己的深入研究的基础上的”符合语境，故选D。 3．根据上文“Verne was an advocate of scientific progress and innovation.(凡尔纳是科学进步和创新的倡导者)”以及后文“Many of his stories feature brilliant yet mad scientists. For example, characters like Captain Nemo in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea use their inventions for destructive purposes, suggesting that it is human nature, not the technology itself, that determines whether it becomes a force for good or harm.(他的许多故事都描写了才华横溢却又疯狂的科学家。例如，像《海底两万里》中的尼莫船长这样的角色将他们的发明用于破坏性目的，这表明是人类的本性，而不是技术本身，决定了它是成为一种好还是坏的力量)”可知，本句与上文构成转折关系，指出凡尔纳的作品为技术提供了一个不同的视角。故A选项“但他的作品提供了一个不同的视角”符合语境，故选A。 4．根据后文“He shapes the way generations think about technology and the human mind’s potential. That is the greatest achievement of Verne’s timeless works.(他塑造了几代人对技术和人类思维潜力的看法。这是凡尔纳不朽作品的最大成就)”可知，本段主要说明了凡尔纳的影响力。故B选项“凡尔纳的影响远远超出了文学”符合语境，故选B。 （2025·上海松江·二模）Genetic Testing Genetic testing involves examining your DNA, the chemical database that carries instructions for your body’s functions. It provides information for diagnosing, treating and preventing illness. 1 . First, there is diagnostic testing. If you have indications of a disease that may be caused by genetic changes, sometimes called mutated genes, it can reveal if you have the suspected disorder. Then comes presymptomatic and predictive testing. 2 . The purpose is to evaluate an individual’s likelihood of developing certain types of disorder, particularly when a family history of the condition exists. Pharmacogenetics is the study of how genetic variations influence individual responses to medications. 3 . And this testing approach is clinically valuable in determining the most effective medication for patients. Testing during pregnancy, the state of having a baby developing inside the body, includes a range of medical procedures performed to identify genetic abnormalities in the developing baby. Traditionally this is done by looking at markers in blood or by interventional testing. Newer testing called cell-free DNA testing looks at a baby’s DNA via a blood test done on the mother. 4 . It has become a standardized public health initiative within the first days of life to identify babies at risk for treatable genetic, or body chemistry disorders. This type of genetic testing is important because if results show there’s a disorder such as congenital hypothyroidism (先天性甲状腺功能减退症), care and treatment can begin right away. A．Newborn screening is the most frequently conducted kind of genetic testing. B．The application of genetic testing varies according to defined medical indications. C．However, it’s important to note that there is a slight potential risk to human health. D．It refers to genetic analyses carried out prior to the beginning of unhealthy change. E．It guarantees the safety of surgeries with the predetermined post-operative care guidelines. F．By analyzing gene-drug interactions, clinicians achieve predictive accuracy in individualized drug response patterns. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．F 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基因检测的种类及作用。 1． 第一段总述基因测试的应用。下文“First, there is diagnostic testing.(首先，有诊断测试)”以及“Then comes presymptomatic and predictive testing.(然后是症状前和预测性测试)”开始分述具体检测类型，B项 (基因检测的应用根据明确的医学指征而有所不同) 承接第一段，引出下文分类说明，符合语境。故选B。 2．上文“Then comes presymptomatic and predictive testing.(然后是症状前和预测性测试)”提到“症状前和预测性检测”，后文“The purpose is to evaluate an individual’s likelihood of developing certain types of disorder, particularly when a family history of the condition exists.(其目的是评估个人患某些类型疾病的可能性，特别是在存在该疾病家族史的情况下)”说明其目的是评估个体患病风险（尤其家族病史存在时），D项 (它指的是在不健康变化开始之前进行的基因分析) 定义这类检测的核心特征，即“在健康变化发生前进行基因分析”，且D项内容直接对应了上文的“presymptomatic”(症状前）和“predictive”（预测性）的概念。故选D。 3．上文“Pharmacogenetics is the study of how genetic variations influence individual responses to medications.(药物基因组学是研究基因变异如何影响个体对药物反应的科学)”提出药物遗传学研究基因变异对药物反应的影响，以及后文“And this testing approach is clinically valuable in determining the most effective medication for patients.(这种测试方法在确定对患者最有效的药物方面具有临床价值)”强调该检测的临床价值(确定最有效药物)，因此空白处需描述其技术手段。F项(通过分析基因-药物相互作用，临床医生在个体化药物反应模式中实现了预测准确性) 具体解释了研究如何操作，与上下文紧密衔接。故选F。 4．后文“It has become a standardized public health initiative within the first days of life to identify babies at risk for treatable genetic, or body chemistry disorders.(它已成为出生后几天内的一项标准化公共卫生计划，用于识别患有可治疗的遗传或身体化学疾病风险的婴儿)”提到新生儿筛查是标准化公共卫生措施，A项(新生儿筛查是最常见的基因检测类型)”直接引入主题，且“most frequently”与后文“standardized public health initiative”呼应。故选A。 （2025·上海浦东新·二模）Why plastic bottles now have their caps attached You may have bought a drink recently and noticed something odd: the once removable cap is now tied to the bottle by a small piece of plastic. This is one of several policies designed to limit the amount of plastic litter. It specifically targets the caps from single-use plastic bottles. 1 Plastic bottle caps are now among the top ten litter items found in rivers and the ocean. In the UK, 2023 beach surveys listed bottle caps as the third most common type of litter, while on the Dutch North Sea coastline, surveys recorded up to 128 bottle caps for each kilometre of beach in 2016. 2 A connecting piece creates one item of litter, not two, that is easier to pick up and less likely to be taken in. After all, most animals can’t eat an entire bottle. 3 Caps are smaller, typically colored and made of a different type of plastic than the bottle they are attached to, so they need to be recycled separately. The connecting pieces would likely increase detection rates of bottle caps while facilitating the separation of bottles in recycling process. It is worth noting that recycling has never been a realistic solution to the overproduction of plastic. 4 Attached bottles caps are a refreshing idea that places the responsibility on those producing millions of litter-able items in the first place. Before, you had to try not to litter. Now, you have to try to litter. Doesn’t that seem easier? A．Will recycling rates improve accordingly? B．What are the procedures to recycle the bottle caps? C．Trying to solve littering by asking the public to stop is not working. D．Bottle caps are also one of the most common items consumed by marine animals. E．Having bottle caps attached could lead to higher instances of plastic going to landfill. F．They are more likely to find their way into the environment and pose risks to wildlife. 【答案】1．F 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了限制塑料垃圾数量的几项政策之一：曾经可拿下来的瓶盖现在被一小块塑料绑在了瓶子上，它专门针对一次性塑料瓶的瓶盖，因为它们更有可能进入环境，被动物误食，对野生动物构成威胁。 1．根据上文“You may have bought a drink recently and noticed something odd: the once removable cap is now tied to the bottle by a small piece of plastic. This is one of several policies designed to limit the amount of plastic litter. It specifically targets the caps from single-use plastic bottles.(你可能最近买了一杯饮料，发现了一些奇怪的事情：曾经可拆卸的瓶盖现在被一小块塑料绑在了瓶子上。这是旨在限制塑料垃圾数量的几项政策之一。它专门针对一次性塑料瓶的瓶盖)”及下一段首句“Plastic bottle caps are now among the top ten litter items found in rivers and the ocean.(塑料瓶盖现在是河流和海洋中十大垃圾之一)”可知，本段主要介绍了一项环保新措施，针对一次性塑料瓶的瓶盖在海洋和河流中泛滥成灾的现象。由此可知，F. They are more likely to find their way into the environment and pose risks to wildlife.(它们更有可能进入环境，对野生动物构成威胁)符合语境，其中they指代the caps from single-use plastic bottles。故选F项。 2．根据上文“Plastic bottle caps are now among the top ten litter items found in rivers and the ocean. In the UK, 2023 beach surveys listed bottle caps as the third most common type of litter, while on the Dutch North Sea coastline, surveys recorded up to 128 bottle caps for each kilometre of beach in 2016.(在英国，2023年的海滩调查将瓶盖列为第三大最常见的垃圾类型，而在荷兰北海海岸线，2016年的调查记录显示，每公里海滩上有多达128个瓶盖)”及下文“A connecting piece creates one item of litter, not two, that is easier to pick up and less likely to be taken in. After all, most animals can’t eat an entire bottle(一个连接条产生一种垃圾，而不是两种，更容易捡起来，也不太可能被吃下去。毕竟，大多数动物不可能吃下一整个瓶子)”可知，本段主要介绍一次性塑料瓶的瓶盖在海岸和河道泛滥成灾，并列举危害，由此可知，D. Bottle caps are also one of the most common items consumed by marine animals.(瓶盖也是被海洋动物最常吞食的物品之一)符合语境，其中also表明又列举了一个瓶盖的危害，并呼应下文，瓶盖和瓶子连接到一起就容易捡拾回收，不会被动物误食。故选D项。 3．本题为段首句应概括段落内容或启领下文。根据下文“The connecting pieces would likely increase detection rates of bottle caps while facilitating the separation of bottles in recycling process.(连接件可能会提高瓶盖的检测率，同时方便回收过程中瓶子的分离)”可知，本段在论述瓶盖和瓶子连接在一起后回收效率问题。由此可知，A. Will recycling rates improve accordingly?(回收率是否会相应提高？)符合语境，下文是对这个问题的回应。故选A项。 4．根据上文“It is worth noting that recycling has never been a realistic solution to the overproduction of plastic.(值得注意的是，回收从来都不是解决塑料生产过剩的现实办法)”可知，此处指出了只靠回收塑料解决塑料垃圾问题不切实际，由此可知，C. Trying to solve littering by asking the public to stop is not working.(试图通过要求公众停止乱扔垃圾来解决问题是行不通的)符合语境，指出依靠消费者不乱扔塑料垃圾也是不可行的。引出下文“Attached bottles caps are a refreshing idea that places the responsibility on those producing millions of litter-able items in the first place.(附加的瓶盖是一个令人耳目一新的想法，它把责任放在了那些制造数百万可丢弃物品的人身上)”指出从制造商方面想办法，例如把瓶盖和瓶子连接到一起这样的方法就很好。对比了上文两个不太可行的做法。故选C项。 （2025·上海奉贤·二模）The Rise of Plushie(毛绒玩具)Culture It looked like a typical fish-and-chip shop. Chefs tended to frying baskets and wrapped orders in newspaper. However, this “catch of the day” was entirely inedible. The London pop-up shop by Jellycat, a famous plush toy brand, sold soft fish with plushie lemons instead of real seafood. 1 TikTok videos with the Plushies tag, showing different kinds of stuffed toys like cartoon characters and creative shapes, have been watched almost 8 billion times. Crazy shopping scenes in some pop-up shops are extremely mind-blowing. 2 . According to research firm Circana, soft toys are now the second most popular toys in the UK, with sales jumping 58% since 2021.The global plush toy market was worth $11.7 billion in 2023 and is expected to grow by 8% each year until 2030. The business is so profitable that Warren Buffett bought the company behind Squishmallows in 2022, calling it a money-making “jewel”. Surprisingly, children aren’t driving this demand. 3 . The pandemic strengthened this shift, as isolated individuals sought comfort in nostalgic items. “Plushies bring happiness in a stressful world,” says Lucy Dray, an online retailer. Social media influencers promote “healing your inner child” through collecting. 4 . They claim that the growing obsession with soft toys reflects a reluctance to embrace adult responsibilities and a desire to withdraw into the comfort of childhood. However, this perspective overlooks the deeper emotional and psychological benefits that plushies can provide. In a fast-paced, often overwhelming world, plushies offer a connection to simpler, happier times. Rather than a sign of immaturity, the plushie craze may simply highlight a universal human need for comfort and joy, regardless of age. A．The target instead is “kidults” (aged 12+), accounting for over 25% of toy sales. B．The playful concept mirrored a global trend: the world has gone soft for soft toys. C．That is because more children turned to plush companions for emotional support. D．Critics will argue that the plushie craze is a sign of an “infantilised” generation. E．High prices only enhance their appeal, making them luxury collectibles. F．Even with strict purchase limits, fans still line up for hours to get limited editions. 【答案】1．B 2．F 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了毛绒玩具文化的兴起。毛绒玩具不再只是小孩子的玩具，在这个快节奏、压力巨大的世界里，毛绒玩具让人联想到更简单、更快乐的时代，而不是不成熟的标志，毛绒玩具热潮可能只是突显了人类对舒适和快乐的普遍需求，无论年龄大小。 1．根据上文“It looked like a typical fish-and-chip shop. Chefs tended to frying baskets and wrapped orders in newspaper. However, this “catch of the day” was entirely inedible. The London pop-up shop by Jellycat, a famous plush toy brand, sold soft fish with plushie lemons instead of real seafood.(这家店乍看是一家典型的炸鱼薯条店。系围裙的厨师们忙着照看油炸篮和用报纸包裹的餐点。但这家位于伦敦百货公司塞尔福里奇的店铺有着别样的收获：顾客们争相抢购的是毛茸茸的鱼和柠檬玩具，而非真正的海鲜)”及下文“TikTok videos with the Plushies tag, showing different kinds of stuffed toys like cartoon characters and creative shapes, have been watched almost 8 billion times.(带有Plushies标签的TikTok视频，展示了卡通人物和创意形状等不同种类的填充玩具，已经被浏览了近80亿次)”可知，此处应该解释上文的奇特现象，指出人们对毛绒玩具的追捧痴迷。由此可知，B. The playful concept mirrored a global trend: the world has gone soft for soft toys.(这个好玩的概念反映了一种全球趋势：世界对毛绒玩具的喜爱程度越来越高)符合语境。故选B项。 2．根据上文“Crazy shopping scenes in some pop-up shops are extremely mind-blowing.(一些快闪商店里疯狂的购物场景非常令人兴奋)”可知，人们疯狂购买毛绒玩具。由此可知，F. Even with strict purchase limits, fans still line up for hours to get limited editions.(即使有严格的购买限制，粉丝们仍然要排几个小时的队来买限量版)符合语境。故选F项 3．根据上文“Surprisingly, children aren’t driving this demand.(令人惊讶的是，孩子们并没有推动这种需求)”可知，人们一向认为孩子们喜欢毛绒玩具，而上一句说目前疯狂购买毛绒玩具的却不是孩子。选项说明消费的主体是谁。A. The target instead is “kidults” (aged 12+), accounting for over 25% of toy sales.(目标是“成年孩子”（12岁以上），占玩具销售额的25%以上)符合语境。故选A项。 4．根据下文“They claim that the growing obsession with soft toys reflects a reluctance to embrace adult responsibilities and a desire to withdraw into the comfort of childhood.(他们声称，对毛绒玩具日益增长的痴迷反映出人们不愿承担成人的责任，渴望回到童年的舒适中)”可知，有人认为成年人迷恋毛绒玩具是不愿承担成年人的责任。由此可知，D. Critics will argue that the plushie craze is a sign of an “infantilised” generation.(批评人士会说，对毛绒玩具的狂热是“幼稚化”一代的标志)符合语境，是对这种现象的负面评价，其中Critics呼应下文主语They。故选D项。 （2025·上海嘉定·二模）The Comeback of Independent Bookstores For years, bookstores have held a special place in people’s hearts, often appearing in films as charming spaces, like The Shop Around the Corner from You’ve Got Mail. Part of their appeal comes from the sense that independent bookstores belong to a past era, giving them a romantic and slightly sad feel. 1 The American Booksellers Association reported that their number in the U. S. grew from 1,712 to 1,775 in one year, totaling 2,311 locations. This marks seven years of growth. Sales also increased by 5% in the first four months of the year, and their share of total book sales rose from 7% in 2020 to 10% last year. Several factors contribute to the success of independent bookstores. Advances in technology have made managing inventory and finances easier for small businesses, and social media helps stores promote events. 2 Many bookstore owners are great fans of books and believe their communities need these spaces. For example, Brian Lampkin, who moved to Greensboro, North Carolina, noticed the absence of an independent bookstore downtown. He decided to open Scuppernong Books in a historic brick building in 2013. The bookstore focuses on literature rather than bestsellers. Lampkin believes independent bookstores provide something major book dealers often overlook — poetry, for instance, which is rarely found in large chain stores. 3 When Amazon introduced the Kindle in 2007,e-books gained popularity quickly, reaching 28% of book sales by 2013. Many assumed e-books would eventually dominate the market. However, physical books have held their ground, and e-book sales have even declined slightly to 24%. The market has settled into a balance where both coexist, allowing space for independent bookstores to develop. Despite their success, independent bookstores still face challenges. 4 However, customers appreciate their presence. Even as online book sales continue to grow, the survival of independent bookstores suggests they provide something truly valuable. A．Another reason for the comeback of bookstores is the shift in the e-book market. B．However, deeper reasons also play a role. C．It’s becoming apparent that paper books turned out to have advantages over e-books. D．Surprisingly, though, independent bookstores are doing well. E．The numbers are growing because business is growing. F．They are not high-growth businesses, and owners do not get rich from them. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述独立书店卷土重来，受到欢迎，并分析了独立书店的成功的几个因素。 1．上文“Part of their appeal comes from the sense that independent bookstores belong to a past era, giving them a romantic and slightly sad feel.(它们的吸引力部分来自于独立书店属于过去时代的感觉，给人一种浪漫而略带悲伤的感觉)”提到，书店的吸引力来自于它属于过去时代的感觉，给人一种浪漫而略带悲伤的感觉，下文“The American Booksellers Association reported that their number in the U. S. grew from 1,712 to 1,775 in one year, totaling 2,311 locations. This marks seven years of growth.(美国书商协会报告称，美国书商的数量在一年内从1712家增加到1775家，共计2311家。这标志着七年的增长)”提到独立书店的增长趋势，和第一段之间是转折关系，D项“然而，令人惊讶的是，独立书店经营得很好”符合语境，故选D。 2．根据上文“Several factors contribute to the success of independent bookstores. Advances in technology have made managing inventory and finances easier for small businesses, and social media helps stores promote events.(独立书店的成功有几个因素。科技的进步使小企业更容易管理库存和财务，社交媒体帮助商店宣传活动)”可知，本段主要介绍独立书店成功的几个因素，前文讲了科技进步和社交媒体方面的因素，结合下文“Many bookstore owners are great fans of books and believe their communities need these spaces.(许多书店老板都是书迷，相信他们的社区需要这些空间)”可知，空处应是提及其他因素，B项“然而，更深层次的原因也起了作用”符合语境，故选B。 3．根据下文“When Amazon introduced the Kindle in 2007, e-books gained popularity quickly, reaching 28% of book sales by 2013. Many assumed e-books would eventually dominate the market. However, physical books have held their ground, and e-book sales have even declined slightly to 24%. The market has settled into a balance where both coexist, allowing space for independent bookstores to develop.(当亚马逊在2007年推出Kindle时，电子书迅速流行起来，到2013年已占图书销量的28%。许多人认为电子书最终会主导市场。然而，实体书一直站稳脚跟，电子书的销量甚至略有下降，降至24%。市场已经达到了两者共存的平衡，为独立书店的发展提供了空间)”可知，本段是讲电子书市场的下降也促成了独立书店的成功，A项“书店卷土重来的另一个原因是电子书市场的转变”符合语境，故选A。 4．上文“Despite their success, independent bookstores still face challenges.(尽管取得了成功，独立书店仍然面临着挑战)”提到独立书店仍然面临着挑战，空处应是描述具体的挑战，F项“它们不是高增长业务，所有者也不会从中致富”符合语境，故选F。 （2025·上海崇明·二模）Global Heating Making Extreme Rain and Disastrous Flooding More Likely A warming world is transforming some major snowfalls over mountains into extreme rain, worsening both dangerous flooding as well as long-term water shortages, a new study has found. Using rain and snow measurements since 1950 and computer simulations (模拟) for future climate, scientists calculated that for every degree Fahrenheit the world warms, extreme rainfall at higher altitude (海拔) increases by 8.3%, according to a study in Nature. 1 And the rain is not conveniently stored away like snowpack that can recharge reservoirs (水库) in spring and summer. "It is not just a far-off problem that is projected to occur in the future, but the data is actually telling us that it's already happening and we see that in the data over the past few decades,” said lead author Mohammed Ombadi, a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory climate scientist. The study looked at only the heaviest rains each year over six decades in the northern half of the Earth, finding that as altitude rose, so did rainfall. The biggest increase in rains were noticed at about 10,000 feet. That includes much of the American west, where Ombadi said “it’s very obvious”, as well as parts of the Appalachian Mountains. 2 About one in four people on Earth live in an area so close to the mountains or downhill that extreme rain and flooding would hit them, Ombadi said. 3 He mentioned California department of agriculture estimates of $89m in crop and farm animal losses from this year’s extreme rains. But in the long term, another problem is water supply. In times of drought, water managers like to keep water levels high in reservoirs, which they can do with heavy snowpacks because it melts slowly. 4 So as warming causes rainier extremes, society is going to have to choose between cutting water use because of low water levels in reservoirs to absorb a possible large sudden mountain runoff event or build expensive new reservoirs. A．But they can’t do that with heavy rainfall. B．He pointed out the flooding can also hurt food production. C．Heavy snow’s flooding impact is lessened because it takes time to melt. D．Another big hotspot in Asia is the Himalayas, Tian Shan and Hindu Kush mountains, with the Alps also affected. E．Heavy rain in mountains causes a lot more problems than big snow, including flooding, landslides, etc., the study found. F．These mountainous systems are supplying most of the water, so any decreases in water supply would be pretty significant in terms of water management. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新研究发现，全球变暖正在将一些山区的大雪转变为极端降雨，从而加剧了危险洪水和长期水资源短缺的问题。 1．根据上文“Using rain and snow measurements since 1950 and computer simulations for future climate, scientists calculated that for every degree Fahrenheit the world warms, extreme rainfall at higher altitude increases by 8.3%, according to a study in Nature. (根据《自然》杂志上的一项研究，科学家利用1950年以来的降雨和降雪测量数据以及未来气候的计算机模拟计算出，全球气温每升高一华氏度，高海拔地区的极端降雨量就会增加8.3%。)”和下文“And the rain is not conveniently stored away like snowpack that can recharge reservoirs in spring and summer. (而且雨水并不像春夏季节可以为水库补水的积雪那样方便地储存起来。)”可知，本段主要讲述全球变暖导致高海拔地区极端降雨增加，且雨水与积雪不同，不能方便地储存。所以空白处的内容应该与极端降雨带来的问题有关。选项E“研究发现，山区的大雨比大雪引起的问题要多得多，包括洪水、山体滑坡等。”符合语境。故选E。 2．根据上文“The biggest increase in rains were noticed at about 10,000 feet. That includes much of the American west, where Ombadi said “it’s very obvious”, as well as parts of the Appalachian Mountains. (在海拔约1万英尺的地方，降雨量增加最为明显。这包括美国西部的大部分地区，Ombadi说“那里非常明显”，以及阿巴拉契亚山脉的部分地区。)”可知，本段主要列举了降雨量增加明显的地区，空白处应继续列举其他地区。选项D“亚洲的另一个热点地区是喜马拉雅山、天山和兴都库什山，阿尔卑斯山也受到影响。”符合语境。故选D。 3．根据上文“About one in four people on Earth live in an area so close to the mountains or downhill that extreme rain and flooding would hit them, Ombadi said. (Ombadi说，地球上大约四分之一的人生活在离山区或下坡很近的地区，极端降雨和洪水会袭击他们。)”和下文“He mentioned California department of agriculture estimates of $89m in crop and farm animal losses from this year’s extreme rains. (他提到，加利福尼亚州农业部估计，今年的极端降雨导致农作物和家畜损失8900万美元。)”可知，空白处的内容应该与极端降雨和洪水对农业或粮食生产的影响有关。选项B“他指出，洪水还可能损害粮食生产。”符合语境。故选B。 4．根据上文“In times of drought, water managers like to keep water levels high in reservoirs, which they can do with heavy snowpacks because it melts slowly. (在干旱时期，水资源管理者喜欢保持水库的高水位，他们可以用厚厚的积雪来做到这一点，因为积雪融化得很慢。)”和下文“So as warming causes rainier extremes, society is going to have to choose between cutting water use because of low water levels in reservoirs to absorb a possible large sudden mountain runoff event or build expensive new reservoirs. (因此，随着气候变暖导致极端降雨增多，社会将不得不在减少用水以应对水库水位低以吸收可能发生的突然大量山区径流，或者建造昂贵的新水库之间做出选择。)”可知，空白处的内容应该与大雨对水库水位管理的影响有关，且与上文形成对比。选项A“但是大雨做不到这一点。”符合语境，其中that指代上文中的“keep water levels high in reservoirs”。故选A。 难度分布 较易 适中 较难 6.25 75 18.75 试卷第32页，共32页 试卷第31页，共32页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题07 阅读还原六选四（16区二模真题速递） 全篇题型分析 题号 难度系数 详细知识点 1 0.65 人与动植物；方法/策略 2 0.4 社会问题与社会现象 3 0.65 美术与摄影 4 0.65 环境保护 5 0.65 合作与交流 6 0.65 人与动植物；环境保护 7 0.4 健康饮食 ；社会问题与社会现象 8 0.65 社会问题与社会现象 9 0.65 友谊；科普知识 10 0.65 科普知识 11 0.65 文学家 12 0.4 医疗 ；科学技术 13 0.65 发明与创造 ；环境保护 14 0.85 社会问题与社会现象 15 0.65 阅读 ；社会问题与社会现象 16 0.65 气候变化及影响 （2025·上海黄浦·二模）Houseplants Can Make You Healthier Absorbing yourself in nature is good for you. Being outdoors has been shown to improve your mood, concentration and mental health, among other things. 1 Get your hands in the soil. Touching soil, even if it’s in pots by your window, may improve your health as well. Dirt can benefit your microbiome (菌群), with possible benefits such as a stronger immune system (免疫系统). 2 So don’t see plants as something to look at; instead, report plants with your gloves off. 3 When Griffin, known on social media as Plant Kween, is ministering to the 202 plants in his apartment, he uses it as an opportunity to check in with himself: Am I getting enough water? Have I gotten enough sunlight today, too? Sometimes he uses the plant-care time to pick up the phone and connect with someone. “I’ve had some of my best conversations with friends as I’ve been watering my plants,” he said.Your work space doesn’t have to be a wasteland. If you have an office that gets some light, consider bringing in something green. The presence of plants in a work space has been shown to make workers happier and more productive. Even a bunch of flowers from a supermarket could be good for your health — a nice thought that researchers actually put to the test in a study of Japanese businessmen. And, if you work at home, sit near a plant for the day. “You know, we don’t always have to push it into a corner,” Griffin said. “ 4 ” A．Tend to yourself while you tend your plants. B．You can put it right in front of you and enjoy its beauty. C．You don’t need to be a gardening expert to enjoy the benefits. D．Viewing nature indoors can lower your heart rate and blood pressure. E．Research suggests you may get the same reaction from caring for houseplants. F．But indoor green spaces, even small ones, have benefits for our physical and mental well-being, too. （2025·上海长宁·二模）Macmillan to restart proceeding orders Macmillan, one of the largest book publishers in the U.S., said it is again able to process book orders as it makes progress recovering from a computer attack it disclosed last week. The company, whose divisions include St. Martin’s Press and Farrar, Straus & Giroux, said it is working its way through a pile of orders. 1 This is a relief for both the publishers and the retailers (零售商) who rely on timely deliveries. Macmillan, which is owned by Germany’s Verlag Gruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck GmbH, last week disclosed a security problem and said it had taken its systems offline as a result. 2 Several retailers said consumers likely wouldn’t notice in the short run because there was adequate stock available, though. A spokeswoman for Macmillan said no further information would be shared at this time. 3 Dane Neller, chief manager of New York-based bookseller Shakespeare & Co. said: “ 4 We had been going through wholesalers (批发商) to get new books or waiting for those in transit. This is about business going back to normal.” The return to direct ordering is expected to make the supply chain more efficient and reduce delays for customers. A．What this means is that we can now place direct orders with them. B．In turn, retail customers were unable to place orders for new books. C．The company is upgrading these security measures to prevent future disorders. D．It doesn’t anticipate it will have to change the publication date of any of its coming books. E．Macmillan denied that it would focus on expanding its digital presence to reach a wider audience. F．However, the restart of order processing is seen as a positive step to normalize business operations. （2025·上海杨浦·二模）Storytelling That Touches Hearts Carol Guzy is the recipient of PPA’s 2025 Humanitarian Award. With a career that spans four decades, Guzy has documented humanitarian crises around the world, from the 2010 earthquake in Haiti to conflicts in the Middle East. 1 Eventually, with the stability that her career gave her, she was able to take a film photography class. When her first print developed in a darkroom tray, she says she experienced that “defining moment” people speak of when they’ve just discovered what they will spend the rest of their life pursuing. From there, Guzy took classes in photo journalism and secured newspaper traineeships while in school. For Guzy, photography has always been calling, not a job. 2 And in the age of misinformation, there is great power in a universal language we all can understand. Early in her career, Guzy was constantly on the move, which left her no time to process the harsh realities of the war zones and disasters she witnessed and photographed. Over time, the weight of those experiences led her to seek professional help to process the emotional impact of her work. 3 ” We’re not robots or walking cameras; we’re people,” she says. Guzy’s shocking images from battlefields and national disasters are raw yet filled with a sense of tenderness. Through her cameras, we witness the scene and think seriously about its implications. Guzy believes that to be a photojournalist is to “document the human condition in every form.” 4 For her, the images she captures are their own form of payment. A．Guzy says she discovered that being honest and sharing openly is the only way to lighten a burden no one should carry alone. B．She never hesitates to inform the public of complex social issues. C．“Storytelling is my oxygen,” she says. D．Growing up, Guzy’s family struggled to make ends meet, which led her to choose what she perceived as a sensible career: nursing. E．She feels lucky to have met amazing people during her travels and worked with so many great translators who help bridge communication gaps. F．For example, her work shows the pain of the disabled in a way that moves people. （2025·上海普陀·二模）Fresh Thinking about Fresh Air In 1842, Edwin Chadwick, a British social reformer, published his landmark Report on the Sanitary (卫生的) Condition of the Labouring Population. By highlighting the link between poor public health conditions and poor health, Chadwick’s report revealed social and geographic health inequalities. His findings inspired British cities to organize clean water supplies and centralized waste treatment systems, which significantly reduced infectious diseases. 1         Schools serve as a good example of this issue. A study of 100 American classrooms proved that 87 had airflow rates below healthy standards. In Europe, researchers found that 66% of classrooms in countries such as Denmark and France failed to meet acceptable indoor air quality standards. This is alarming, as poor air quality in schools contributes to conditions like asthma (哮喘), which affects nearly one in 13 American children. Outdoor air pollution, which often enters buildings, can further harm brain development, academic performance and even increase cancer risks. 2 Most people spend more than 90% of their time indoors, where spaces with poor air flow have been linked to headaches, burnout, asthma and other health issues. Poor air flow has been blamed for decreased workplace productivity and higher absenteeism. Despite its importance, indoor air quality has received little government attention. 3 Installing carbon dioxide sensors could inform occupants when to open windows or upgrade air systems. National indoor air quality standards, enforced through air flow certificates similar to food safety ratings, would help ensure safer environments. The cost of better air circulation is modest. Upgrading air circulation in all American schools to meet minimum standards would cost less than 0.1% of annual public education spending. 4 As Chadwick’s reforms established clean water as a public expectation, the recent health disaster should inspire policymakers to make clean air an essential standard for all buildings. A．Air circulation is the forgotten part for improved public health. B．But achieving clean, healthful air in buildings is feasible. C．Investments in clean indoor air yield significant returns, boosting academic performance and enhancing workplace productivity. D．The government’s recent plan prioritizes school air flow, setting an example for other countries to follow. E．The problem, however, is not limited to schools. F．Today, another public health priority is emerging: improving indoor air quality. （2025·上海金山·二模）Teamwork: Important in career planning Teamwork is a vital skill for career planning and professional growth. One of its key benefits is developing problem-solving abilities. In any career, challenges are inevitable, and working in a team allows individuals to combine their diverse skills, experiences, and perspectives (视角) to find creative solutions. 1 This collaborative (合作的) approach not only leads to better outcomes but also helps you develop critical thinking and adaptability, essential for rising to workplace challenges. Another important aspect of teamwork is improving communication skills. 2 Team projects provide a practical environment to practice these skills, helping you express yourself clearly and understand others’ perspectives. Strong communication is highly valued in the workplace, as it ensures smooth cooperation and minimizes misunderstandings. 3 In a team, you may take on roles such as leading a project, assigning tasks, or motivating others. These experiences teach you how to manage group dynamics and inspire people to work toward a common goal. At the same time, you learn to cooperate effectively, balancing your contributions with those of others. These skills are particularly important in today’s interconnected work environment, where projects often require input from multiple participants. Finally, teamwork prepares you for the realities of the workplace. Most professional environments rely on joint efforts, and employers value candidates who can work well in teams. By practicing teamwork early on, you develop the ability to contribute to group efforts, adapt to different working styles, and build positive relationships with co-workers. 4 In short, teamwork is not just a soft skill; it is a critical component of career planning and professional success. A．Teamwork also enhances leadership and collaboration skills. B．Additionally, teamwork can increase your contributions in the workplace. C．By pooling resources and ideas, teams can tackle complex problems more effectively. D．These experiences increase your confidence and readiness for future career challenges. E．Teamwork sometimes slows down decision-making processes due to excessive discussions. F．Whether you’re sharing ideas or giving feedback, efficient information-exchanging is crucial. （2025·上海青浦·二模）Europe’s War on Predators (食肉动物): A Misguided Approach We Europeans are incapable of living alongside predators. We expect people in Africa and Asia to share their homes with lions, tigers, Komodo dragons and a host of other potentially dangerous animals without question. 1 Wolves in Europe, for example, are under the spotlight. Following reintroductions and careful protection, there are now 21,500 of these awesome animals across the continent. But as numbers increase, there is a rising tide of opposition. Even Switzerland is undergoing an effort to eliminate 70 per cent of its wolf population (currently 300 animals in 32 packs). 2 The Norwegian government, meanwhile, seems determined to limit its wolf population to just a few breeding pairs — which it says is enough to keep them from extinction. More accurately, it will push them to the edge of extinction. 3 But there are tried-and-tested ways of reducing the problem: boosting the availability of natural prey, electric fencing and the use of guard dogs among them. Many countries even have “wolf administrators”, who help farmers to protect their stock, and there is generous compensation for any predation. They’re not dangerous to people, either. According to the European Commission’s own 2023 investigative report on wolf attacks, “although wolves can attack humans, no fatal wolf attacks on people have been recorded in the past 40 years”. 4 There is a bigger picture here. Predators earn their keep through wildlife tourism and they are keystone species vital in maintaining the health and balance of ecosystems. It’s not all about farmers and hunters. There has to be some middle ground. A．Comparatively, more people are killed by livestock (牲口). B．The hunting for wolves has initiated long-lasting debates among researchers and policymakers. C．This is despite the fact that attacks on livestock have declined sharply while wolf numbers have increased. D．We should stay alert to occasional wolf attacks on humans. E．So why can’t we be as sympathetic and enlightened about predator conservation as they are? F．There’s no denying that wolves occasionally attack livestock. （2025·上海静安·二模）On-the-go Americans are increasingly consuming their morning calories over several hours instead of sitting down to enjoy a plate of pancakes, bacon and eggs in one sitting. The case of the morning chewing is being initiated by the belief that it’s healthier to eat several smaller meals instead of three squares a day. What qualifies as a snack or a meal is still a matter of perspective. 1 General Mills, Quaker Oats and other brands are adding to their lineup of small-packaged bars and yogurts. And Jimmy Dean this summer introduced mini-breakfast sandwiches. It’s breakfast in stages. People will eat something at home, then stop at a convenience store for coffee and maybe a little something.   2 The number of times Americans snack is rising faster in the morning than during the afternoon or evening. After all, it’s easier and less time- consuming to pop a few snacks in your backpack for later enjoyment than to sit down for a prepared meal. Turning the snacking habit into an all-day affair would be a major growth driver for the already massive snack food industry. Sales of all snack foods reached S16. 64 billion in the past year, up 3. 3 percent from a year before, according to Nielsen. Of course, food companies have tried before to get people to eat outside of typical meal times.   3 People generally feel they should eat healthy in the mornings to start the day off right. Unfortunately, snacking is generally associated with junk food. Therefore, food companies are trying every means to make the idea of tearing into a snack before noon easier to swallow. 4 Products that are less than 300 calories and have more fiber or whole grains are quickly launched on the market. The idea is that such snacks will help people stay energized or feel full longer, making morning snacking a psychologically acceptable act. A．Sustaining energy while on the move all day without sacrificing flavor is the overall rule. B．Nutritional benefits of packaged goodies are repeatedly mentioned. C．There is a commonly held idea that more frequent meals can help influence weight loss. D．But food companies are already rolling out smaller bites that feed the growing appetite for morning treats. E．Marketing morning snacks is trickier, though. F．The deconstruction of breakfast is definitely happening. （2025·上海宝山·二模）In the world of social media, people often create videos to share their knowledge about a series of topics, from piano lessons to computer repair. As a result, when someone is seeking an answer to a question, they often turn to YouTube for an answer. It stands to reason that those who have trouble with studying would also consult YouTube for a solution. 1 In Korea, the popular videos are called “gongbang,” which means Study Broadcast. In Japan, they’re called “benkyoudouga,” and in America and other countries, they’re called Study with Me. No matter what their names are, many viewers have jumped on the SWM bandwagon. Students create and share videos of themselves studying earnestly, usually for an exam. Many of the videos are shot in a quiet room. The camera often focuses on a clean desk with a tidy display of books, notebooks, a computer and a timer. Throughout most of the videos, no words are spoken; the focus is on the creator as he or she studies. 2 Are SWM videos just “lazy content,” or are they beneficial? Financial site Business Insider says this type of video “serves a real purpose, helping people focus.” The Korea Advanced Institute of Science an Technology performed research on Study with Me videos and discovered several benefits. First, people can set up quiet study areas in their homes to view the videos. 3 Next, observing the diligence of the creator often motivates viewers, especially those who have trouble studying. Finally, viewer gain emotional support by knowing that they are part of a group with perhaps thousands others, all working toward the same goal. Some viewers have said that Study with Me “satisfies the need for belonging and social contact” by providing a sense of companionship. 4 Some SWM livestreams, where viewers can chat with each other in real time, feel like online study groups. This helps create a satisfactory study environment where students — even those who struggle — can find the inspiration they need to stay on task. A．The point is not to teach anything but simply to provide a study companion. B．The creator becomes a study partner, which reduces the isolation many students feel. C．That is why SWM comes into being, and becomes more and more popular these days. D．That’s where Study with Me (SWM) videos come into play. E．Silent videos can help students overcome the feelings of isolation and loneliness. F．This cuts down on their commute (通勤) to libraries or established study rooms. （2025·上海徐汇·二模）How some friendships last — and others don’t In a 2008 study, psychologists asked participants to rate the steepness (陡度) of a hill. Those who were accompanied by a friend judged the hill to be less steep than people who were alone. This is just one of many ways friendships can change how we see and move through the world. Friendships can boost our academic performance, help us deal with setbacks, and even improve our health. 1 If you struggle with approaching new people, you are far from alone. In a series of studies, participants had conversations of varying lengths with strangers. Afterward, they were asked to estimate how much they thought each stranger liked them. Across the board, participants rated their own likability much lower than others had actually rated them. 2 You may even want to enter these conversations assuming that the other person will like you. Psychologists find that when people expect to be well-liked, they often unknowingly come across as warmer and friendlier. Next, what’s happening when relationships grow? Psychologists have identified two key features: companionship and closeness. Companionship is defined as the understanding that increases between people with similar hobbies, interests, or values. Sometimes, just being in the same class or team is enough to build this connection. Closeness, on the other hand, looks different for every relationship. 3 But simply telling a friend about your day or sharing your interests can help build closeness too. While every friendship develops on its own timeline, consistency can help. This can include sticking to plans, chatting regularly, and remembering the things that are important to each other. Yet even the closest friendships face challenges. This is especially true for teenage friendships. Relationships may also weaken when one friend can’t support the other through hard times. The most surefire way to deal with these problems is to talk about them. These conversations can be tough and awkward. 4 A．But if they’re approached in the right way, they can strengthen friendships in the long run. B．So, before meeting new people, remember that others like you more than you think. C．It might mean supporting each other through difficult times or feeling comfortable sharing your thoughts and feelings. D．And the more friends you make, the more confident you’ll likely feel. E．For example, there might be a situation that puts two friends in competition. F．It’s clear that friendships are important, but making and maintaining friends isn’t always easy. （2025·上海虹口·二模）How Genes Affect Education It has long been debated whether various aspects of our personalities and abilities are influenced more by our genes or our early environment. 1 The extent to which identical twins are more similar in any particular character than non-identical twins reveals how much variation in that character is down to genetics. The rest is usually assumed to be due to the environment. Studies show that many traits are not influenced much by the environment. However, educational attainment—how many years someone spends in school—is often found to be about 35% influenced by the environment. 2 Damien Morris at King’s College London believes the biggest overlooked factor is that people tend to have children with someone with a similar level of education as themselves, an idea known as assortative mating. Morris studied whether people with similar education levels tend to marry by using a recent German twin study. This study collected data not only on the twins but also on their parents and siblings (兄弟姐妹) from nearly 1,000 families. After analyzing this data using the traditional twin study design, environmental differences between families were estimated to account for 43 per cent of the variation in years of schooling. 3 Sure enough, there was more similarity between the educational years of each parental pair than would be expected by chance. Taking this into account, the environmental contribution was estimated to be just 26 per cent. Morris also analyzed the impact of a second factor usually overlooked in twin studies. This is the fact that the early environments of twins are more similar than those of non-twin siblings. 4 When this was taken into account as well, the estimated environmental influence fell to 10 per cent. “This is a very interesting finding,” says Jeremy Freese at Stanford University. “It is unimaginable to me to think that everything that goes on with parents is only a bit player in the story.” A．Other kinds of studies have given higher estimates for the environmental contribution to years of schooling. B．Scientists sometimes investigate the question by comparing different kinds of twins. C．Then, Morris analyzed the same data using a method that also included the parents’ years of education. D．These studies usually overlook two factors, however, leading to falsely high estimates of environmental effects. E．This is the conclusion of a study on twins, which suggests that most previous such research has overestimated the effects of upbringing F．Twins are more likely to have grown up in the same financial circumstances, gone to the same school and so on. （2025·上海闵行·二模）The Man Who Invented the Future Known as the father of science fiction, Jules Verne’s works transported readers on exciting adventures across the Earth and beyond. In his imaginative novels, Verne penned more than adventure stories. 1 In In the Year 2889, Verne described a world with global multimedia communication. The character is able to communicate with his wife on another continent, using the “phonotelephote” — a device capable of sending sound and images over long distances. In From the Earth to the Moon, Verne even envisioned a lunar voyage decades before the first actual moon landing. Unlike fantasies or supernatural tales, Verne’s works focused on imagining the future. 2 This approach laid the foundation for the “hard science fiction” of the 20th century, which emphasized the importance of scientific accuracy. Verne was an advocate of scientific progress and innovation. 3 Many of his stories feature brilliant yet mad scientists. For example, characters like Captain Nemo in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea use their inventions for destructive purposes, suggesting that it is human nature, not the technology itself, that determines whether it becomes a force for good or harm. 4 He shapes the way generations think about technology and the human mind’s potential. That is the greatest achievement of Verne’s timeless works. A．But his writings offer a different perspective. B．Verne’s influence extends far beyond literature. C．This method required extraordinary talents and scientific insights. D．His visions were grounded in science and his own thorough research. E．His tales may reduce the popularity of supernatural stories to some extent. F．He also imagined technological advancements long before they became reality. （2025·上海松江·二模）Genetic Testing Genetic testing involves examining your DNA, the chemical database that carries instructions for your body’s functions. It provides information for diagnosing, treating and preventing illness. 1 . First, there is diagnostic testing. If you have indications of a disease that may be caused by genetic changes, sometimes called mutated genes, it can reveal if you have the suspected disorder. Then comes presymptomatic and predictive testing. 2 . The purpose is to evaluate an individual’s likelihood of developing certain types of disorder, particularly when a family history of the condition exists. Pharmacogenetics is the study of how genetic variations influence individual responses to medications. 3 . And this testing approach is clinically valuable in determining the most effective medication for patients. Testing during pregnancy, the state of having a baby developing inside the body, includes a range of medical procedures performed to identify genetic abnormalities in the developing baby. Traditionally this is done by looking at markers in blood or by interventional testing. Newer testing called cell-free DNA testing looks at a baby’s DNA via a blood test done on the mother. 4 . It has become a standardized public health initiative within the first days of life to identify babies at risk for treatable genetic, or body chemistry disorders. This type of genetic testing is important because if results show there’s a disorder such as congenital hypothyroidism (先天性甲状腺功能减退症), care and treatment can begin right away. A．Newborn screening is the most frequently conducted kind of genetic testing. B．The application of genetic testing varies according to defined medical indications. C．However, it’s important to note that there is a slight potential risk to human health. D．It refers to genetic analyses carried out prior to the beginning of unhealthy change. E．It guarantees the safety of surgeries with the predetermined post-operative care guidelines. F．By analyzing gene-drug interactions, clinicians achieve predictive accuracy in individualized drug response patterns. （2025·上海浦东新·二模）Why plastic bottles now have their caps attached You may have bought a drink recently and noticed something odd: the once removable cap is now tied to the bottle by a small piece of plastic. This is one of several policies designed to limit the amount of plastic litter. It specifically targets the caps from single-use plastic bottles. 1 Plastic bottle caps are now among the top ten litter items found in rivers and the ocean. In the UK, 2023 beach surveys listed bottle caps as the third most common type of litter, while on the Dutch North Sea coastline, surveys recorded up to 128 bottle caps for each kilometre of beach in 2016. 2 A connecting piece creates one item of litter, not two, that is easier to pick up and less likely to be taken in. After all, most animals can’t eat an entire bottle. 3 Caps are smaller, typically colored and made of a different type of plastic than the bottle they are attached to, so they need to be recycled separately. The connecting pieces would likely increase detection rates of bottle caps while facilitating the separation of bottles in recycling process. It is worth noting that recycling has never been a realistic solution to the overproduction of plastic. 4 Attached bottles caps are a refreshing idea that places the responsibility on those producing millions of litter-able items in the first place. Before, you had to try not to litter. Now, you have to try to litter. Doesn’t that seem easier? A．Will recycling rates improve accordingly? B．What are the procedures to recycle the bottle caps? C．Trying to solve littering by asking the public to stop is not working. D．Bottle caps are also one of the most common items consumed by marine animals. E．Having bottle caps attached could lead to higher instances of plastic going to landfill. F．They are more likely to find their way into the environment and pose risks to wildlife. （2025·上海奉贤·二模）The Rise of Plushie(毛绒玩具)Culture It looked like a typical fish-and-chip shop. Chefs tended to frying baskets and wrapped orders in newspaper. However, this “catch of the day” was entirely inedible. The London pop-up shop by Jellycat, a famous plush toy brand, sold soft fish with plushie lemons instead of real seafood. 1 TikTok videos with the Plushies tag, showing different kinds of stuffed toys like cartoon characters and creative shapes, have been watched almost 8 billion times. Crazy shopping scenes in some pop-up shops are extremely mind-blowing. 2 . According to research firm Circana, soft toys are now the second most popular toys in the UK, with sales jumping 58% since 2021.The global plush toy market was worth $11.7 billion in 2023 and is expected to grow by 8% each year until 2030. The business is so profitable that Warren Buffett bought the company behind Squishmallows in 2022, calling it a money-making “jewel”. Surprisingly, children aren’t driving this demand. 3 . The pandemic strengthened this shift, as isolated individuals sought comfort in nostalgic items. “Plushies bring happiness in a stressful world,” says Lucy Dray, an online retailer. Social media influencers promote “healing your inner child” through collecting. 4 . They claim that the growing obsession with soft toys reflects a reluctance to embrace adult responsibilities and a desire to withdraw into the comfort of childhood. However, this perspective overlooks the deeper emotional and psychological benefits that plushies can provide. In a fast-paced, often overwhelming world, plushies offer a connection to simpler, happier times. Rather than a sign of immaturity, the plushie craze may simply highlight a universal human need for comfort and joy, regardless of age. A．The target instead is “kidults” (aged 12+), accounting for over 25% of toy sales. B．The playful concept mirrored a global trend: the world has gone soft for soft toys. C．That is because more children turned to plush companions for emotional support. D．Critics will argue that the plushie craze is a sign of an “infantilised” generation. E．High prices only enhance their appeal, making them luxury collectibles. F．Even with strict purchase limits, fans still line up for hours to get limited editions. （2025·上海嘉定·二模）The Comeback of Independent Bookstores For years, bookstores have held a special place in people’s hearts, often appearing in films as charming spaces, like The Shop Around the Corner from You’ve Got Mail. Part of their appeal comes from the sense that independent bookstores belong to a past era, giving them a romantic and slightly sad feel. 1 The American Booksellers Association reported that their number in the U. S. grew from 1,712 to 1,775 in one year, totaling 2,311 locations. This marks seven years of growth. Sales also increased by 5% in the first four months of the year, and their share of total book sales rose from 7% in 2020 to 10% last year. Several factors contribute to the success of independent bookstores. Advances in technology have made managing inventory and finances easier for small businesses, and social media helps stores promote events. 2 Many bookstore owners are great fans of books and believe their communities need these spaces. For example, Brian Lampkin, who moved to Greensboro, North Carolina, noticed the absence of an independent bookstore downtown. He decided to open Scuppernong Books in a historic brick building in 2013. The bookstore focuses on literature rather than bestsellers. Lampkin believes independent bookstores provide something major book dealers often overlook — poetry, for instance, which is rarely found in large chain stores. 3 When Amazon introduced the Kindle in 2007,e-books gained popularity quickly, reaching 28% of book sales by 2013. Many assumed e-books would eventually dominate the market. However, physical books have held their ground, and e-book sales have even declined slightly to 24%. The market has settled into a balance where both coexist, allowing space for independent bookstores to develop. Despite their success, independent bookstores still face challenges. 4 However, customers appreciate their presence. Even as online book sales continue to grow, the survival of independent bookstores suggests they provide something truly valuable. A．Another reason for the comeback of bookstores is the shift in the e-book market. B．However, deeper reasons also play a role. C．It’s becoming apparent that paper books turned out to have advantages over e-books. D．Surprisingly, though, independent bookstores are doing well. E．The numbers are growing because business is growing. F．They are not high-growth businesses, and owners do not get rich from them. （2025·上海崇明·二模）Global Heating Making Extreme Rain and Disastrous Flooding More Likely A warming world is transforming some major snowfalls over mountains into extreme rain, worsening both dangerous flooding as well as long-term water shortages, a new study has found. Using rain and snow measurements since 1950 and computer simulations (模拟) for future climate, scientists calculated that for every degree Fahrenheit the world warms, extreme rainfall at higher altitude (海拔) increases by 8.3%, according to a study in Nature. 1 And the rain is not conveniently stored away like snowpack that can recharge reservoirs (水库) in spring and summer. "It is not just a far-off problem that is projected to occur in the future, but the data is actually telling us that it's already happening and we see that in the data over the past few decades,” said lead author Mohammed Ombadi, a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory climate scientist. The study looked at only the heaviest rains each year over six decades in the northern half of the Earth, finding that as altitude rose, so did rainfall. The biggest increase in rains were noticed at about 10,000 feet. That includes much of the American west, where Ombadi said “it’s very obvious”, as well as parts of the Appalachian Mountains. 2 About one in four people on Earth live in an area so close to the mountains or downhill that extreme rain and flooding would hit them, Ombadi said. 3 He mentioned California department of agriculture estimates of $89m in crop and farm animal losses from this year’s extreme rains. But in the long term, another problem is water supply. In times of drought, water managers like to keep water levels high in reservoirs, which they can do with heavy snowpacks because it melts slowly. 4 So as warming causes rainier extremes, society is going to have to choose between cutting water use because of low water levels in reservoirs to absorb a possible large sudden mountain runoff event or build expensive new reservoirs. A．But they can’t do that with heavy rainfall. B．He pointed out the flooding can also hurt food production. C．Heavy snow’s flooding impact is lessened because it takes time to melt. D．Another big hotspot in Asia is the Himalayas, Tian Shan and Hindu Kush mountains, with the Alps also affected. E．Heavy rain in mountains causes a lot more problems than big snow, including flooding, landslides, etc., the study found. F．These mountainous systems are supplying most of the water, so any decreases in water supply would be pretty significant in terms of water management. 难度分布 较易 适中 较难 6.25 75 18.75 试卷第16页，共16页 试卷第15页，共16页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$