专题05 阅读理解B篇（16区二模真题速递）-【好题汇编】2025年高考英语二模试题分类汇编（上海专用）

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题05 阅读理解B篇（16区二模真题速递） 全篇题型分析 题号 难度系数 详细知识点 1 0.65 发明与创造 ；应用文 2 0.85 方法/策略；应用文 3 0.65 科普知识 ；发明与创造 ；说明文 4 0.65 说明文；人工智能 5 0.65 外国文化与节日；音乐与舞蹈；说明文 6 0.85 旅游观光；应用文 7 0.85 旅游观光；应用文 8 0.65 社会问题与社会现象；新闻报道 9 0.65 公益活动（组织机构）；说明文 10 0.65 房屋和家居；应用文 11 0.65 公益活动（组织机构）；广告/布告；应用文 12 0.65 组织与机构；应用文 13 0.65 科学技术 ；说明文 14 0.65 房屋和家居；说明文 15 0.65 职业内容；课程；应用文 16 0.85 健康饮食 ；方法/策略；说明文 （2025·上海虹口·二模）Shipping containers, currently experiencing a major shortage, have a life of 10 to 15 years when used to transport goods across oceans. So what happens to these massive and durable structures after that? Often they’re recycled into low-cost storage—other times they simply sit in ports around the world. Now, architects are finding new and improved ways to unlock their low-cost and sustainable development potential. Sustainable Support System On land that was meant to become a jail, instead stands a 60,500 square-foot housing facility supporting unhoused people. The Care First Village holds 232 units, as well as a common building with laundry facilities, dining areas and a dog park. Performing Art Cart The concept of the microtheater first began in Madrid, where audiences gathered to watch short performances in different rooms of an old hotel. In 2021, Microtheater first appeared, hosting short plays in shipping containers. Step inside and watch one or all of the original 15-minute shows. Eco-Friendly Attraction This is not your typical café. Its design, inspired by coffee trees, features 29 shipping containers piled in a manner to look like branches. While a shipping container doesn’t typically scream “natural light,” skylight windows are strategically placed throughout the structure. Green Arena (竞技场) Located on the Gulf shoreline, Stadium 974 is a 40,000-capacity arena created from 974 shipping containers. The first temporary stadium in World Cup history, it will host FIFA World Cup matches this year—and then its components will be shipped to countries in need around the world for repurposing. Mach 1 “Every single thing you buy in the world has been transported in these things,” artist David Mach says of his fascination with shipping containers. While still in the design stages, his sculpture will soon have a home in Edinburgh Park, with a coffee bar and exhibition space available to visitors inside. 1．Why might architects be interested in using shipping containers for construction? A．They are not expensive but long-lasting. B．They are perfectly fit for temporary structures. C．They offer a creative and cost-effective building material. D．They are more durable than traditional concrete buildings. 2．How does the concept of Stadium 974 differ from other projects mentioned in the passage? A．It is designed as an artistic landmark in a public space. B．It is the only project designed to be temporary and relocated. C．It is a creative approach to providing short-term living spaces. D．It serves as a multifunctional place for performances. 3．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．How to deal with a global container shortage B．How to plan a sustainable life in containers C．How to build creative container homes D．How to give containers a second life （2025·上海闵行·二模）How to Streamline Your Project Management Process Effective project management is the cornerstone of any successful attempt. One way to ensure success is streamlining your project management process. Here’s a step-by-step guide to making any project run smoothly. Step 1: Define Goals and Objectives Start with a clear understanding of your goals and objectives. A well-defined purpose helps keep the team focused. Step 2: Develop a Comprehensive Project Plan Include the key components: a detailed timeline, task breakdown, resource distribution, budget consideration, and risk assessment. Step 3: Track Progress And Milestones Use reliable digital tools to judge whether you are on track or not. Step 4: ___________ Assess individual strengths and assign tasks accordingly. It’s also necessary to use time and funds wisely, as well as adopt suitable tools to automate tasks. Step 5: Ensure Effective Communications Team members should communicate clearly in a centralized project management platform with messaging and commenting features. Step 6: Close the Project Collect feedback from participants, document key lessons learned, and store all project-related documents. It’s also important to recognize team members for their efforts. The streamlined project management process can be applied to various types of projects, whether you are launching a new business initiative, managing a large-scale event or organizing a community service project. 1．This passage is intended for project managers ________. A．aiming to improve the impact of their projects B．interested in streamlining their management meetings C．seeking to enrich their management knowledge and skills D．looking to make their project management efficient 2．Which of the following best fits the blank in Step 4? A．Manage Your Resources B．Automate Assignments C．Determine Responsibility Range D．Identify Labour-saving Mode 3．David is organizing a charity fundraiser. Arrange the following questions he needs to consider in the correct order based on the project management steps. (1) Are key participants happy with everything? (2) How much money in total can I expect to raise? (3) Which app can be used to record the amount of money collected at different times? (4) Is email an effective channel for team members to state their points? (5) What tasks are your team members best at? (6) What are the specific tasks involved in organizing the fundraiser? A．(2)(3)(5)(4)(6)(1) B．(6)(3)(2)(1)(4)(5) C．(2)(6)(3)(5)(4)(1) D．(6)(5)(1)(2)(3)(4) （2025·上海奉贤·二模）A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a system that determines functional intent — the desire to change, move, control, or interact with something in your environment — directly from your brain activity. In other words, BCIs allow you to control an application or a device using only your mind. When it comes to motor control, if we want to interact with a device in our environment (e. g. a lamp), we first decide what we want to do (turn on the lamp), then we coordinate (协调) and use the muscles in our arms, legs, hands, feet, etc., to perform that action (reach out with your finger and press the lamps on/off switch) and then finally the device responds to that action (the lamp turns on). BCIs bypass that middle step of coordinating and using your muscles to perform the desired action, instead using a computer to identify the intended action and then controlling the application of device directly. A brain-computer interface (BCI) functions through a series of interconnected steps. Initially, a specialized device captures the brain’s electrical activity, providing raw data that reflects the user’s intentions. This data is then sent to a computer, which processes and analyzes the signals to decode the user’s desired actions. Finally, the interpreted information controls an external application or device, allowing the user to interact smoothly. This integration of measurement, analysis, and control forms the backbone of BCI technology. Another important step of a BCI is feedback: the system must somehow let the user know what decision or intended action the computer was able to interpret. In our previous example, the lamp successfully turning on indicates to the user that the BCI successfully identified the action the user wanted. Providing feedback helps the user adapt to the BCI system, learning how they can control and adjust their brain activity, just as we can learn to coordinate and control our muscles and bodies. 1．How does a BCI differ from motor control? A．It skips physical performance via muscles. B．It requires stronger muscle movements. C．It coordinates a variety of body parts. D．It relies entirely on external sensors. 2．What role does the computer play in a BCI system? A．Measuring brain activity through sensors. B．Providing physical feedback to the user. C．Processing brain signals to identify intent D．Replacing the user’s decision-making process. 3．Which step in the illustration helps users adapt and confirm their intended action? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ （2025·上海浦东新·二模） In Shanghai’s busy streets and towering highrises, a new dialect appears — one spoken in algorithms(算法). From decoding local idioms in conference rooms to preserving disappearing crafts and guiding graduates toward tech careers, AI is becoming the city’s cultural bridge. This is urban intelligence with local flavor. Foreign professional’s Cultural Translator | LujiazuiTool: iFlytek Hear + DeepL Pro Users: Multinational consultants & startup founders The Challenge: 72% of foreign professionals struggle with “code-switching” — using formal Putonghua for business negotiations yet confused by local Shanghainese slang(俚语) in daily chats. The Solution:     iFlytek Hear converts local dialect to Putonghua text.     DeepL Pro translates with cultural notes:     Business: “关系” → “strategic partnership”     Casual: “lùzi” → “trusted local networks”The Impact: “Now when colleagues use local slang, I understand its implied meaning,” says Klaus Becker, investment analyst. Guardians of Lost Threads | Tianzifang Craft QuarterTools: Midjourney + Synthesia Users: ________________ The Crisis: With the Qipao masters aged 80+ and traditional guidance declining, delicate techniques like sewing and embroidery face extinction. The Comeback:     Midjourney’s digital reconstruction creates the digital version of the old-time Qipao from museum scans.     Synthesia’s live lessons convert master interviews into interactive sessions and auto-create stitch-by-stitch(一针针) videos from verbal instructions. The Impact: “Now when our master’s hands shake, her craft lives through AI-guided needles, revitalizing a 1947 design,” says young designer Li Xia. Career Pathfinders | College Innovation CenterTools: LinkedIn’s AI Career Assistant Users: University graduates piloting through tech-driven markets The Challenge: New graduates struggle to match skills with fast-evolving tech roles. The Approach:     Analyzes 100K+ job posts to identify high-demand hybrid roles (e.g., data analyst for smart urban planning).     Recommends skill-building courses adapted for Shanghai’s tech growth sectors. The Feedback: “AI matched my statistics degree with data roles upgrading public transport systems,” says grad Emily Zhang. 1．Target users for the blank are likely to be ________________. A．vocational trainers developing craft curricula B．culture researchers digitizing Qipao collections C．new designers learning from aging craft masters D．local businesses expanding craftsman e-commerce 2．Which of the following toolsets best suits a foreign art student in Shanghai in the hope of mixing tech roles with traditional crafts? A．iFlytek Hear + Synthesia. B．DeepL Pro + Midjourney. C．DeepL Pro + LinkedIn’s AI. D．Midjourney + LinkedIn’s AI. 3．Where would readers most likely find this article? A．A business blog. B．A career journal. C．A policy brief. D．A tech magazine. （2025·上海嘉定·二模）Hula Dancing Hula is a traditional Native Hawaiian dance that has been practiced for centuries, serving multiple purposes such as storytelling. religious expression, and entertainment. It is a deeply cultural and artistic form of movement that reflects Hawaiian history, values, and beliefs.Musical Instrument Native Hawaiians crafted their musical instruments using materials found in their environment, such as seeds, wood. gourds, and shells. These instruments were designed not only to create sound but also to reflect the natural beauty and harmony of the islands. Even today, many Hawaiians continue the practice of making these instruments by hand, preserving the traditional techniques passed down through generations.Hula Basics Locate a flat, smooth surface to ensure stability. Remove your socks and shoes for better control. Position your feet approximately four inches apart, maintaining a balanced stand. Slightly bend your knees and rest your hands on your hips (髋部). Initiate movement with your right foot by stepping to the right, bringing your left foot alongside it. Take another step to the right, then gently tap your left foot beside your right. Repeat to the left. Once comfortable with the footwork, add arm movements. When you step right, bend your left am and raise it to your chest with your elbow (手肘) straight out. Extend your right arm straight out to the side. Do the opposite when you step left.Hand Gestures The hand gestures in hula dancing serve as a visual language, enhancing the storytelling aspect of the performance by symbolizing elements of nature and emotions. ·To represent RAIN, gracefully lift both arms above your head, then lower them slowly in front of you while delicately moving your fingers, imitating falling raindrops. ·For FLOWER, lift your hands with your fingertips pressed together, creating the shape of a blossom. ·To illustrate WIND．extend your left hand forward while circling your right hand above your head twice. ·To show the rising SUN or MOON, begin with your hands together at waist level, then move each arm outward and upward in a smooth arc (弧线) over your head. Finally, form the shape of the sun or moon by bringing your fingertips together. 1．According to the passage, what is the significance of hula dancing? A．It reflects Hawaiians’ character. B．It helps keep Hawaiian culture alive. C．It relates Hawaiians to modern society. D．It represents Hawaiian people’s creativity. 2．Which of the following is a distinct feature of hula dancing? A．Dancers rely on fast movements with no set form. B．Dancers jump and turn to show the wonder of nature. C．Dancers remain in one place while moving their hands. D．Dancers use specific steps and arm movements together. 3．The following pictures show some hand gestures in hula dancing. Which two of them represent FLOWER and WIND, respectively?              A．2 and 3. B．1 and4 C．2 and 4. D．1 and 3. （2025·上海崇明·二模） Travelling by rail holds a romantic and old-fashioned appeal that can't be matched by flying or driving. By taking the slow route, you get to experience and interact with an area in a completely different way. 1THE ROCKY MOUNTAINEER Where: Canada, from Vancouver to Banff, Jasper and Calgary. When: In June, which is springtime in the Rockies, complete with beautiful flowers and plenty of wildlife. Duration: Between two and eight days travelling only in daylight, staying in luxurious hotels. Highlights: Unmatched views of the Rocky Mountains, incredible luxury at every stage of the trip, traditional native storytelling, wine classes and natural history workshops. 2EASTERN AND ORIENTAL EXPRESS Where: From Thailand, through Malaysia, to Singapore. When: April and May, for the least wet weather. Duration: Trips vary from two to eight days. Highlights: You’ll travel through the heart of Southeast Asia. From golden temples and rice fields to big cities, this luxurious train showcases the best of the countries it passes through. 3THE GHAN Where: Australia, from Adelaide to Darwin via Alice Springs. When: Going during the wet season (December, January) will allow you to see more wildlife and tropical features in the north, though peak season is usually the winter. Duration: Going straight through takes 52 hours. There are get-off points from which you can take tours. Highlights: Going through Australia’s Red Centre with blue skies, red earth and not much else — an unforgettably beautiful and peaceful experience. 4THE ROYAL SCOTSMAN Where: Around the Scottish Highlands or all the way around Great Britain. When: Warmer weather and up to 20 hours of daylight in June makes it the perfect time to watch birds flying over mirror-like lakes, or go in October for autumn colours and the rather special deer-mating season. Duration: Trips can be as short as two days or as long as seven. Highlights: Possibly the most expensive train journey in the world. You’ll be treated like a member of the monarchy (王室). Superb cuisine, fine wines and carriages (火车客车厢) that look like rooms at Balmoral Castle await those willing to part with a minimum of £2350 per person for a two-night trip. 1．The above information is mainly aimed at__________. A．selling some package tour products B．advising people to travel by rail for business C．introducing some great railway journeys D．analyzing the advantages of travelling by train 2．Ella, who’d like to experience first-rate service and taste excellent food on the train, is most likely to choose__________. A．The Rocky Mountaineer B．Eastern and Oriental Express C．The Ghan D．The Royal Scotsman 3．What can be learned about the four routes? A．One of the routes runs in more than one country. B．Winter is the recommended season for the Ghan. C．The Rocky Mountaineer only features natural views. D．The Royal Scotsman is the shortest of the four routes. （2025·上海静安·二模） Juneau, the capital of Alaska, has an unusual location which shapcs its fortunes and hones its spirit. It enjoys glaciers (冰山), mountains, temperate rainforests and massive tidal waters, all of which invite visitors to explore. Its historic centre hugs the Gastineau Channel, which circles Southeast Alaska’s 300-mile-long Alexander Archipelago. Reachable only by aircraft or boat, this is a capital that’s breathtakingly remote. Traditionally referred to as Dzantik’i Heeni, Juneau used to be homeland of three distinct ethnic groups for over 10,000 years. In the 1880s, prospectors began gathering to the city for the promise of gold, and its mines remain some of the largest in the world witnessing Juncau developing from a deserted place to a rich city. Today, the city is home to administrators, lech wizards, artists, wildlife-watchers and adventurers, who, together, have helped to form a laidback city with a close-to-nature feel. With a population lower than 32,000, the spacious state capital of Juneau rarely looks messy. To start taking in its atmosphere, head for Downtown Juneau tour to explore its historic streets on foot. A walking tour, linking 11 sound installations, offers a warm-hearted introduction to neighbourhood life. At each stop, you’ll hear spoken-word clips recorded by native elders. And Juneau’s natural charm, with its various scenic spots, is Juneau’s biggest drawing force in visitors’ eyes. The remarkable Mendenhall Glacier — rocky enough to fascinate hikers — is just one of Juneau’s many natural attractions. During the Mendenhall Glacier hike, you’re personally experiencing wild waters and sharp forested slopes. For hardcore hikers, its pull is hard to resist. Lying at 58.3 degrees north, a similar latitude to the north coast of the Scottish Highlands, Juneau enjoys a far milder climate than Alaska’s northerly reaches and in summer, the long hours of daylight invite everyone outdoors. Rain is sometimes a companion, but visitors won’t be bothered. One of the city’s best hikes — a three-mile climb with superb waterfall views — is called the Perseverance Trail. Just pull on your waterproofs and go.Plan your trip Various airlines fly from London to Juneau via Seattle or Anchorage in 14.5-17.5 hours. Juneau is also reachable from the US and Canada by boat, via the Alaska Marine Highway System. Given the amazing sea view, the shipping way outweighs flying among visitors. Once you’re in Juneau, taxis, rideshares and car rental services are all readily available for in-city rides.For more information and inspiration,visit traveljuneau.com 1．Which of the following item is Juneau’s major selling point to visitors? A．Cultural background. B．Development history. C．Natural attraction. D．Climate advantage. 2．A visitor who is keen on looking for heart-pounding adventures will most likely go for_______ in Juneau. A．the gold rush tour B．Downtown Juneau tour C．the Mendenhall Glacier hike D．the Perseverance Trail 3．Which is visitors’ preferred way of transportation to arrive in Juneau? A．By plane. B．By ship. C．By hiking. D．By car. （2025·上海徐汇·二模）Sam Schwartz, better known as Gridlock Sam, unsuccessfully tried to introduce congestion (拥堵) pricing to New York in the 1970s, when he was a city traffic engineer. Some 50 years later, on January 5th this year, the city finally collected the charge — the first of its kind in America.   The scheme (方案) is modelled partly on that of London, where since 2003 a daily charge (currently £15, or $19) has reduced the number of cars, improved air quality and funded transit upgrades. New York’s version costs $9 for most drivers (with different rates for lorries and low-income New Yorkers). The zone includes Manhattan’s central business district, south of 61st Street, and most of the roads, tunnels and bridges that connect surrounding areas. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority, which oversees the city’s transport system and some suburban lines, hopes that the scheme will reduce traffic in these areas by 10-20% (traffic in central London fell by 18% in the first year). Money from the congestion charge is earmarked for much-needed improvements to New York’s ageing subway and other public-transport systems. Will it work? Joshua and Benjamin Moshes, students at Northeastern University and Brown University respectively, are monitoring how travel times into Manhattan have changed since the charge came into effect. Their congestion tracker collects traffic data from Google Maps every 15 minutes across 19 routes into Manhattan. It is too soon to say what effect the pricing will have on New York’s roads, but three charts below offer some clues from the first 24 hours.     Early results are encouraging. The tracker shows that the time to drive the 1.6 miles (2.6 km) through the Holland Tunnel was cut by half during rush hour: from an average of 23 minutes on most Monday mornings, to just 12 on January 6th. The time spent crossing the East River through the Queensboro Bridge was also cut by half. Drivers from Brooklyn still faced heavy traffic on the Brooklyn Bridge, however, and travel times within the congestion zone were reduced overall by just 1%. Snowfall and other unrelated factors may have played a role. It will take months to fully assess the impact of the charge. 1．Which of the following statements about Sam Schwartz is correct? A．He managed to introduce congestion pricing in New York in the 1970s. B．He has been working on the congestion pricing scheme for about 50 years. C．He proposed the concept of congestion pricing as a city traffic engineer. D．His congestion pricing scheme was eventually adopted by London. 2．According to the passage, the main purpose of New York’s congestion pricing is to _________. A．provide an additional source of income for citizens in New York B．ease traffic while raising money to improve public transportation C．increase the financial income of the New York City government D．encourage the local residents to use their private cars more often 3．Which of the following is a fact mentioned in the passage to support the claim that “early results are encouraging”? A．Travel times on the three routes into Manhattan have significantly decreased. B．Traffic congestion on the Brooklyn Bridge has significantly improved. C．Driving time through the Holland Tunnel has been reduced by about 50%. D．Overall travel times within the congestion zone have decreased by 1%. （2025·上海金山·二模）Stepping Stones is a nonprofit offering a variety of ways to support life-changing services for children, teenagers and adults with disabilities. Since 1963, Stepping Stones has helped people with disabilities in Ohio find paths to independence that improve their lives and enable them to more fully participate in their communities. Today, Stepping Stones offers a variety of year-round programs and serves more than 1,100 children and adults with disabilities at four program locations. Want to Support Stepping Stones? Browse opportunities to support Stepping Stones’ programs below. Annual FundThe Annual Giving Fund is established to help Stepping Stones meet the increasing and changing needs of the extraordinary people we serve. Stepping Stones depends on fundraising grants and gifts to the Annual Giving Fund to balance the budget. The Annual Giving Fund donations are used for a variety of important programs like Camperships to Summer Camp, Adult Day Services etc. Endowments The Endowment Fund is established for restricted gifts for the long-term support of the objectives and mission of Stepping Stones. The Fund is a separate fund of cash, securities and other assets (资产) that are held as restricted funds within the general assets of Stepping Stones. Endowment gifts are often in the form of cash or securities but also may include gifts of real estate, appreciated property and planned giving options. Endowment gifts can be paid over a period of years and may be designated (指定) for specific named funds and scholarships. Gifts-in-KindDo you have a product, service or other item that could benefit Stepping Stones? You may donate it as a Gift-in-Kind. Non-cash gifts can include design or printing services, advertising space, food, beverages, books, event auction items, office equipment or other items. Matching GiftsA great way to increase your donation to Stepping Stones is through your employer. Many companies offer a matching gift program to their employees, directors, employees’ husbands or wives as an added benefit. With these programs, a company will match an employee’s gift to charitable and educational organizations. Contact your Human Resources office to see if your company has a matching gifts program that can be used to match your contribution to Stepping Stones. 1．What can we learn about “endowment gifts” to Stepping Stones? A．They are used immediately. B．They should be in the form of cash. C．They can be reserved for a particular purpose. D．They are mainly used for daily operational expenses. 2．Xiao Li wants to donate his bonus to Stepping Stones. Which program will maximize his donation? A．Annual fund. B．Matching Gifts. C．Endowments. D．Gifts-in-kind. 3．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To introduce the history of Stepping Stones. B．To show the importance of Stepping Stones. C．To present various ways to support Stepping Stones. D．To describe the programs offered by Stepping Stones. （2025·上海宝山·二模）Martizia A．Morelos 18 Maison Rd. Los Angeles, CA 95550 333-555-1222 September 15, 2024 Dear Mr. and Mrs. Andreas and Finn Schulz, I am writing this letter to give you notice that we will require you to leave our rental unit at 7 Banelle Drive, Unit 1602 on February 1, 2025. This notice gives you 4.5 months' notice, which is more than the state's required 3 months of notice for repairs. During this time, we will be installing a new kitchen, adding a washer and dryer in the apartment and upgrading the bathrooms. Additionally, we will be changing the floors and painting the entire unit. We expect the repairs will take at least four months, if not longer. There have been some supply issues recently, so there may be delays because we can’t get some materials. However, we would like to know if you would like to return to the apartment after the repairs are done. Of course, we know that many things can change between now and next year when everything will hopefully be ready. If you know for sure that you won’t be renting our place again (and we will have to charge an additional 15%), could you please let us know immediately? You can always change your mind when we list the place again for rental. You have been wonderful renters and we hope that you will want to return and rent our place again. We would love to see you enjoy the new additions and upgrades! Please call us anytime with your questions. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Martizia A．Morelos Owner, 7 Banelle Dr. ,Unit 1602 1．What will the renters have to do in February? A．They’ll have to leave for three months. B．They’ll have to move out for good. C．They’ll have to move out for several days. D．They’ll have to leave for at least four months. 2．What will the owners do with the apartment? A．They’ll make the bathrooms nicer. B．They’ll include a new bedroom. C．They’ll put in an air conditioner. D．They’ll turn it into a public space. 3．What is the relationship like between the Schulzes and Martizia? A．They don’t know each other. B．They are on friendly terms. C．They want to become friends. D．They have to do work together. （2025·上海杨浦·二模） HIGHLY COMMENDED CHARITY RSPCA Established, trustworthy, caring. FEMALE,40-49, WA ▂ Admire what they do for animals. FEMALE,40-49, QLD ▂ They really care about animals. MALE,60-69,WA ▂ I’ m a volunteer so I see all their hard work. FEMALE,50-59. SA/NT ▂ The RSPCA cares for over 87,000 animals every year （including over18,000 dogs and 33,000 cats）, and investigates over 58,000 cases of animal cruelty. Across the country, the RSPCA also educates the community on animal welfare and responsible pet ownership, and advocates for changes in policy and practice that improve the welfare of animals. “Every day, we’re reminded just how crucial the community’s trust is for our work. Australians trust us to care for animals, to investigate animal cruelty when it occurs, to provide advice on how to care for our pets, and to push for laws and practices that better protect animals.” “And we know that we have to work tirelessly to maintain that trust-including by ensuring that our animal care, prevention, education and advocacy efforts are firmly backed by science and evidence,” says Richard Mussell, CEO of RSPCA Australia. ●Visit www.rspca.org.au HIGHLY COMMENDED CHARITY Guide Dogs I admire what Guide Dogs do for the community. FEMALE,60-69. QLD ▂ They offer an essential service for the blind and vision impaired. FEMALE,40-49, QLD ▂ Transparent and honest. MALE, 70+, VIC/TAS ▂ For over 60 years, Guide Dogs Australia has been transforming the live sof people with low vision or blindness. To achieve this, trust must be at the heart of everything we do; from the trust our clients place in us to provide the support and care they need, to the trust between a Guide Dog Handler and their Guide Dog. This trust also extends to the community whose generosity and faith in the work we do is helping to transform lives every day. At the age of five, Melaine was diagnosed with a rare genetic disease that affects both hearing and vision. Despite her diagnosis, Melaine had over three decades of professional experience within a reputable animal welfare organization. Her diverse roles included veterinary nurse and community outreach coordinator. Her beloved Guide Dog, Dessau, has given Melaine back her independence and their journey has been characterized by adaptability and a determination to break down barriers. Funding for Guide Dogs,75 per cent of which comes from the community, allows the charity to support clients like Melaine to live a life without limits. ● Visit www.guidedogs.com.au 1．Suppose you are conducting a research project on the RSPCA and you plan to interview Richard Mussell, the CEO of RSPCA Australia. You have prepared the following list of questions. Which of the following should be added to the list to gain a comprehensive understanding of the RSPCA’s approach? Interview questions:1．What role does community education play in the RSPCA’s overall mission? 2．How does the RSPCA balance between animal care and policy advocacy? 3．… A．How does the RSPCA decide which applicant gets the pet first? B．How does the RSPCA ensure that its staff are trained in customer service? C．How can the RSPCA ensure that the advocated policies are justified? D．How does the RSPCA assign the budget for staff medical care? 2．What can be learned about Guide Dogs Australia from the passage? A．It trains dogs to support people with hearing and vision loss. B．It provides independence to people with low vision or blindness. C．Its operations are mainly funded by the government. D．Its community outreach programs rank top nationwide. 3．Which of the following best describes a common factor between the RSPCA and Guide Dogs Australia that supports their success? A．Both organizations serve to provide support to the disabled. B．Both organizations focus primarily on the welfare of animals. C．Both organizations rely on scientific evidence to guide their practices. D．Both organizations value trust as a key part in their operations. （2025·上海普陀·二模）In recent years, professional organizations in the foreign language field have collaborated to set professional goals, establish policies, and provide valuable support. Here is a list of key membership organizations. For more information and updates, you can visit the links to these organizations’ sites on the Teacher’s Handbook website. MLA: Founded in 1883, the Modern Language Association (MLA) promotes the study and teaching of languages and literatures and offers opportunities for its members to share their scholarly literary findings and teaching experiences with colleagues. Composed of nearly 30,000 members in 100 countries, MLA hosts an annual convention and other meetings, works with related organizations, and maintains one of the finest publishing programs in the humanities. Its involvement with foreign language teaching and learning specifically is evidenced by its role in the creation of other key organizations. CTFL: The national umbrella organization for the foreign language teaching profession is the Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (CTFL), founded in 1967 by the leadership of the MLA, to address issues of teacher preparation, language instruction, and curriculum development. In recent years, CTFL launched its Research Priorities in Foreign Language Education Program to identify key areas in which research is needed to inform and improve classroom practice and to sponsor this research through funding, publication. TESOL: TESOL stands for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, and the professional association is TESOL International Association. The field of teaching English to speakers of other languages is a professional pursuit that requires specialized training. TESOL differs from teaching English to native speakers of English, since its primary focus is on teaching non-natives to communicate in English and understand cultural practices of English-speaking communities. English as a second language (ESL) educators teach English language learners (ELLs) in countries where English is the dominant language, such as Australia, Canada, England, and the United States. English as a foreign language (EFL) educators teach in countries where English is spoken only as a foreign language, such as Japan and Saudi Arabia. 1．What is the primary focus of the Modern Language Association (MLA)? A．Promoting the teaching of English to speakers of other languages. B．Facilitating the study and teaching of languages and literatures. C．Improving language instruction through specialized training. D．Funding research in foreign language education. 2．What is a significant program initiated by the CTFL in recent years? A．An annual convention for language teachers. B．A language publishing program for literary studies. C．Establishing a global network of language educators. D．The Research Priorities in Foreign Language Education Program. 3．How does TESOL differ from MLA and CTFL? A．TESOL is more focused on literature, while MLA and CTFL focus on language. B．TESOL promotes the study of all languages, while MLA and CTFL focus on English. C．TESOL is specific to teaching English to non-native speakers, unlike MLA and CTFL. D．TESOL operates in English-speaking countries, while MLA and CTFL work internationally. （2025·上海青浦·二模）The Annual Ig Nobel Prizes Honor Special Scientific Achievements On Sept 12, the 2024 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded in the US. Created in 1991 by Marc Abrahams, a writer in the US, these prizes honor scientific studies that “make people laugh, then think”. Here are some winners from this year. Not as old as you thinkA healthy diet and good genes have contributed to higher life expectancy around the world. But there is also something else, such as mistakes in demographic (人口的) data and possible pension fraud. Saul Justin Newman from the UK found almost 80 percent of the people over 110 years old have no birth certificate. In the US, over 500 people claim to be over 110, but only seven have birth certificates. So the number of very old people might be exaggerated. Some people may even be lying about their birth for more pension. “Side effect” of side effectsMedicine often has side effects that add to patients’ discomfort. So a perfect treatment should have no side effects at all, right? Not necessarily. A team led by Lieven Schenk in Germany did an experiment. They made two fake medicines. Neither could reduce pain, and the second type could cause a burning feeling in the nose. The team then asked 77 healthy volunteers to randomly take one of the medicines, after which they would receive a “dose” of pain. The scientists found that those taking the second type of medicine reported less pain. They had felt the burning and took it as a sign of the medicine “working”. The research showed that in such cases, side effects may not be a bad thing. Plant that can “see” and imitateIn 2013, scientists discovered a strange vine called Boquila trifoliolata (勃奎拉藤). It could change the shape of its leaves to look like other plants nearby. Jacob White in the US and Felipe Yamashita in Germany wanted to know why. They planted the vine under a shelf, and placed a plastic plant above the shelf. As the vine grew taller, only the part of it that reached over the shelf looked like the plastic plant. Therefore, the scientists suggested that some plants could “see” what’s happening around them and imitate the shapes of neighboring plants. 1．Which of the following statements about the Ig Nobel Prizes is TRUE? A．The Ig Nobel Prizes are held every three years. B．The 2024 Ig Nobel Prizes were intended to remember the founder. C．The Ig Nobel Prizes honor amusing but inspiring scientific studies. D．The 2024 Ig Nobel Prizes have three winners covering different fields. 2．Which of the following is a reason for the growing number of very old people worldwide? A．Economic development enables people to live longer. B．People claim to be older in order to get their birth certificate. C．A majority of the supposed old people can’t prove their real age. D．Older people are so forgetful that they don’t remember their birth date. 3．By doing the “side-effect” experiment on volunteers, scientists find that ________. A．side effects of a medicine are annoying and unavoidable B．the second type of medicine is more effective than the first C．the two fake medicines can actually work to relieve the pain D．the side effects can lead people to think that the medicine works （2025·上海松江·二模）（B） Thank you for your interest in becoming a homeowner with Habitat. Habitat is committed to providing qualified households with the opportunity for affordable homeownership. We follow an equal policy of homebuyer selection and are accountable to mortgage (按揭贷款) lending laws. We manage the homeowner selection and approval process at the local level. Qualified homebuyers must be: In need of safe, affordable housingApplicants may be dealing with substandard housing that is poorly built, damaged, or inaccessible due to disabilities. Low-income or moderate-incomeHousehold income must not go over 60% of the area average income defined annually by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Able and willing to pay an affordable mortgageHabitat ensures that the monthly mortgage payments do not go beyond 30% of the homebuyer’s monthly income. Willing to partner with HabitatOnce selected, homebuyers must partner with Habitat throughout the process. This partnership includes performing “sweat equity”, such as conducting construction work on their home or another family’s home, clearing build sites to make way for new construction, writing thank-you cards to local donors and so on. The following is an overview of the homeownership process： Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 1: ... Step 2: ... Step 3: ... Step 4: ... Step 5: Homebuyers complete the paperwork for a mortgage, which ends with their signature. Step 6: Once all of the forms are signed and all of the construction is complete, it’s time to move in and celebrate! 1．The main purpose of Habitat is to ______. A．apply for bank loans for those in need of home B．build houses with the help of future homeowners C．offer houses to families with low or moderate income D．enable affordable homeownership for specific families 2．What can be learned from the passage? A．Low-wage workers may have little chance of being selected by Habitat. B．Homebuyers can partner with Habitat by performing construction work. C．Those who want to improve living conditions should become Habitat’s partners. D．That monthly mortgage payment takes 25% of the area average income is acceptable. 3．What is the correct order of the four missing steps in the process? ① Local Habitat staff and volunteers carefully review each family’s application packet and present their recommendations to the local board of directors. ② There are information sessions where potential homeowners can learn about their homeownership program, ask questions and make connections. ③ Habitat staff make a home visit to hear more about a potential future homeowner’s desire to partner with Habitat. ④ If a family feels Habitat’s homeownership program is the right fit for them, they apply locally during an open application period. A．②④③① B．②①④③ C．①④③② D．①②④③ （2025·上海黄浦·二模）The MZH Alumni Executive Mentor (校友导师) ProgramProgram Background The MZH Global Alumni Programs and MZH Shanghai’s Center for Career Development (CCD) launched this program in 2014. The goal is to build up a lively alumni-student mentorship program that recognizes our alumni’s professional achievement while helping current MZH Shanghai students get knowledge, information and perspectives from the real world and receive guidance from mentors on their future career plans.Highlights ●Increase specific industry knowledge and enhance professional communication skills by interacting with director-level mentors from various industries such as financial services, legal services, technology, media and communication. ●Broaden real-world culture perspectives and improve understanding of workplace including China, Singapore, New York and others. ●Gain support from a growing alumni network and a community of mentors and mentees from across the Globe. ●Empower personal journey and cultivate potential for career desires in Asian Pacific’s dynamic landscape.Mentee Application ●Who can apply ◇MZH Shanghai second year students, or MZH and MZH Abu Dhabi Students currently studying away in Shanghai ◇Student must be in Good Academic Standing ◇Student must be in Shanghai for the whole academic year (Fall Semester+Spring Semester) ●What to prepare ◇One-page English Resume ◇500-word Personal Statement & 5-min Personal Video (program motivation and career desires) ◇Application Form including your mentor choice and reasons (link and mentor profile will be given in September) ●How to apply Application starts in September. Applicants need to complete the online application form. Please stay tuned to CCD emails (shanghai.carccrdevelopment@MZH.edu) and WeChat (ID: MZHShanghaiCCD). Successful applicants will be selected for the program and introduced to their alumni mentor via email by late October. 1．Which of the following is an aim of The MZH Alumni Executive Mentor Program? A．Building up a lively atmosphere on campus. B．Offering alumni job opportunities at MZH Shanghai. C．Providing students with real-world insights and career advice. D．Relating students to alumni who performed well academically. 2．How can mentees benefit from the program? A．They can win the chance for overseas journeys. B．They can expand their global cultural viewpoints. C．They can get job offers in international corporations. D．They can enhance their communication with other mentees. 3．Applicants can know about the requirements for ________ from Mentee Application. ①academic performance ②age ③application materials ④channel of application ⑤deadline of application ⑥nationality A．①③④⑤ B．②③⑤⑥ C．①②③⑤ D．①②④⑥ （2025·上海长宁·二模）Less plastic in your food Limiting exposure to phthalates (酞酸盐) isn’t as simple as avoiding particular types of packaging, because these chemicals can enter your food long before it is packaged. Maricel Maffini, a chemical safety expert, states that while manufacturers and regulators should ensure food safety, consumers can also take measures to reduce their exposure to plastic-related chemicals. Here are six steps. Avoid plastic food storage containers. If you do use them, don’t heat them in the microwave, and avoid using them to store hot food, because heat can increase leaching (渗出). And keep your food below the top of the container to avoid contact with the lid or cover, which are often plastic. Steer clear of fast foods. Plasticizers in fast food are a cause for concern. Our tests detected some of the highest levels of phthalates and their alternatives in fast food. One possible reason could be that fast food is frequently prepared by workers wearing plastic gloves, which are known to be rich in these substances. Limit high-fat foods. Fast foods are often high in fat, and some research has shown that foods with higher fat content tend to have more plasticizers. For instance, a 2020 review reported that certain chemicals in cream were often five to ten times higher than they were in milk. Eat fresh, minimally processed food. Ensure your diet includes plenty of unpackaged fruits and vegetables, as they have fewer opportunities to come into contact with phthalates. A study based on 2013 to 2014 data found that those who ate more highly processed foods had higher levels of certain phthalate byproducts in their human waste. Choose wood and stainless (不锈) steel for kitchen tools. Cutting up on a plastic cutting board can generate microplastics, so consider using a wooden board instead. Some plastic uses are probably riskier than others — putting hot food into a plastic bowl and using plastic wrap for leftovers may expose you more than giving your lettuce a quick dry in a plastic drying tool, for example. Use water bottles made of glass or steel. Avoid plastic bottles and cups, which are often made with harmful substances. Carrying around your own stainless steel straws helps you get rid of plastic ones and reduce waste. 1．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Non-plastic cutting surfaces decrease the release of tiny pieces. B．Fat-rich foods naturally contain higher plasticizer concentrations. C．Fast food workers’ health problem is a hidden contributor to food pollution. D．Diets full of processed foods correlate with increased traces of blood pressure. 2．You are planning to pack a lunch for school tomorrow. What will you probably do to make it healthier? A．Pack a salad in a glass container and carry a stainless steel water bottle. B．Keep sausages in a plastic lunchbox for heating in a microwave oven. C．Wrap ready-made dishes in plastic film and take a glass water bottle. D．Put fried chicken wings and hot dogs in a throwaway paper bag. 3．What can be concluded from the passage? A．Plastic-free food preparation is ideal for ecological safety. B．Choosing unpackaged foods can erase plasticizer exposure risks. C．Daily habits can significantly affect exposure to harmful chemicals. D．Government regulations are the main way to reduce plastic-related risks. 难度分布 较易 适中 25 75 试卷第28页，共28页 试卷第27页，共28页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题05 阅读理解B篇（16区二模真题速递） 全篇题型分析 题号 难度系数 详细知识点 1 0.65 发明与创造 ；应用文 2 0.85 方法/策略；应用文 3 0.65 科普知识 ；发明与创造 ；说明文 4 0.65 说明文；人工智能 5 0.65 外国文化与节日；音乐与舞蹈；说明文 6 0.85 旅游观光；应用文 7 0.85 旅游观光；应用文 8 0.65 社会问题与社会现象；新闻报道 9 0.65 公益活动（组织机构）；说明文 10 0.65 房屋和家居；应用文 11 0.65 公益活动（组织机构）；广告/布告；应用文 12 0.65 组织与机构；应用文 13 0.65 科学技术 ；说明文 14 0.65 房屋和家居；说明文 15 0.65 职业内容；课程；应用文 16 0.85 健康饮食 ；方法/策略；说明文 （2025·上海虹口·二模）Shipping containers, currently experiencing a major shortage, have a life of 10 to 15 years when used to transport goods across oceans. So what happens to these massive and durable structures after that? Often they’re recycled into low-cost storage—other times they simply sit in ports around the world. Now, architects are finding new and improved ways to unlock their low-cost and sustainable development potential. Sustainable Support System On land that was meant to become a jail, instead stands a 60,500 square-foot housing facility supporting unhoused people. The Care First Village holds 232 units, as well as a common building with laundry facilities, dining areas and a dog park. Performing Art Cart The concept of the microtheater first began in Madrid, where audiences gathered to watch short performances in different rooms of an old hotel. In 2021, Microtheater first appeared, hosting short plays in shipping containers. Step inside and watch one or all of the original 15-minute shows. Eco-Friendly Attraction This is not your typical café. Its design, inspired by coffee trees, features 29 shipping containers piled in a manner to look like branches. While a shipping container doesn’t typically scream “natural light,” skylight windows are strategically placed throughout the structure. Green Arena (竞技场) Located on the Gulf shoreline, Stadium 974 is a 40,000-capacity arena created from 974 shipping containers. The first temporary stadium in World Cup history, it will host FIFA World Cup matches this year—and then its components will be shipped to countries in need around the world for repurposing. Mach 1 “Every single thing you buy in the world has been transported in these things,” artist David Mach says of his fascination with shipping containers. While still in the design stages, his sculpture will soon have a home in Edinburgh Park, with a coffee bar and exhibition space available to visitors inside. 1．Why might architects be interested in using shipping containers for construction? A．They are not expensive but long-lasting. B．They are perfectly fit for temporary structures. C．They offer a creative and cost-effective building material. D．They are more durable than traditional concrete buildings. 2．How does the concept of Stadium 974 differ from other projects mentioned in the passage? A．It is designed as an artistic landmark in a public space. B．It is the only project designed to be temporary and relocated. C．It is a creative approach to providing short-term living spaces. D．It serves as a multifunctional place for performances. 3．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．How to deal with a global container shortage B．How to plan a sustainable life in containers C．How to build creative container homes D．How to give containers a second life 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了航运集装箱在结束其运输使命后，如何被建筑师和设计师们重新利用，转化为可持续的、低成本的建筑项目。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“So what happens to these massive and durable structures after that? Often they’re recycled into low-cost storage—other times they simply sit in ports around the world. Now, architects are finding new and improved ways to unlock their low-cost and sustainable development potential.(那么，在那之后，这些巨大且耐用的集装箱会怎么样呢？它们常常被回收改造成低成本的储物空间，而其他时候，它们就只是闲置在世界各地的港口。如今，建筑师们正在寻找新的、更好的方法，来挖掘它们在低成本和可持续发展方面的潜力)”可知，建筑师们正在寻找新的、改进的方法来释放集装箱低成本和可持续发展的潜力。因此可以推断出建筑师们对使用集装箱进行建筑感兴趣的原因是因为它们提供了一种创造性和经济高效的建筑材料。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章“Green Arena (竞技场)”部分中的“Located on the Gulf shoreline, Stadium 974 is a 40,000-capacity arena created from 974 shipping containers. The first temporary stadium in World Cup history, it will host FIFA World Cup matches this year—and then its components will be shipped to countries in need around the world for repurposing.(位于墨西哥湾海岸线的974体育场是一座可容纳4万人的竞技场，由974个海运集装箱建造而成。这是世界杯历史上第一个临时体育场，今年它将举办国际足联世界杯的比赛，之后，它的各个组成部分将被运往世界各地有需要的国家，以供重新利用)”可知，974体育场是世界杯历史上第一个临时体育场，比赛结束后其组件将被运往世界各地有需要的国家重新利用，其他项目未提及有这样的特点。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇提出海运集装箱在完成运输使命后，通常有回收成低成本储物空间或闲置在港口等情况，接着指出建筑师们正在挖掘它们在低成本和可持续发展方面的潜力，随后详细介绍了几个将海运集装箱进行改造再利用的项目，如改造成住房设施、微型剧院、咖啡馆、体育场和雕塑等。选项D“How to give containers a second life(如何赋予集装箱第二次生命)”可以作为本文的最佳标题，准确地概括了文章的主旨，即通过各种方式对海运集装箱进行再利用，让它们在完成运输任务后有新的用途。故选D。 （2025·上海闵行·二模）How to Streamline Your Project Management Process Effective project management is the cornerstone of any successful attempt. One way to ensure success is streamlining your project management process. Here’s a step-by-step guide to making any project run smoothly. Step 1: Define Goals and Objectives Start with a clear understanding of your goals and objectives. A well-defined purpose helps keep the team focused. Step 2: Develop a Comprehensive Project Plan Include the key components: a detailed timeline, task breakdown, resource distribution, budget consideration, and risk assessment. Step 3: Track Progress And Milestones Use reliable digital tools to judge whether you are on track or not. Step 4: ___________ Assess individual strengths and assign tasks accordingly. It’s also necessary to use time and funds wisely, as well as adopt suitable tools to automate tasks. Step 5: Ensure Effective Communications Team members should communicate clearly in a centralized project management platform with messaging and commenting features. Step 6: Close the Project Collect feedback from participants, document key lessons learned, and store all project-related documents. It’s also important to recognize team members for their efforts. The streamlined project management process can be applied to various types of projects, whether you are launching a new business initiative, managing a large-scale event or organizing a community service project. 1．This passage is intended for project managers ________. A．aiming to improve the impact of their projects B．interested in streamlining their management meetings C．seeking to enrich their management knowledge and skills D．looking to make their project management efficient 2．Which of the following best fits the blank in Step 4? A．Manage Your Resources B．Automate Assignments C．Determine Responsibility Range D．Identify Labour-saving Mode 3．David is organizing a charity fundraiser. Arrange the following questions he needs to consider in the correct order based on the project management steps. (1) Are key participants happy with everything? (2) How much money in total can I expect to raise? (3) Which app can be used to record the amount of money collected at different times? (4) Is email an effective channel for team members to state their points? (5) What tasks are your team members best at? (6) What are the specific tasks involved in organizing the fundraiser? A．(2)(3)(5)(4)(6)(1) B．(6)(3)(2)(1)(4)(5) C．(2)(6)(3)(5)(4)(1) D．(6)(5)(1)(2)(3)(4) 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了如何简化项目管理流程。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Effective project management is the cornerstone of any successful attempt. One way to ensure success is streamlining your project management process. Here’s a step-by-step guide to making any project run smoothly.(有效的项目管理是任何成功尝试的基石。确保成功的一个方法是简化你的项目管理流程。以下是一步一步的指南，使任何项目顺利进行。)”可知，这篇文章是写给希望使项目管理高效的项目经理的。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据Step 4部分的“Assess individual strengths and assign tasks accordingly. It’s also necessary to use time and funds wisely, as well as adopt suitable tools to automate tasks.(评估个人优势并相应地分配任务。明智地使用时间和资金也是必要的，以及采用合适的工具来自动化任务。)”可知，第四步主要讲的是要评估个人优势、分配任务，还要明智地使用时间和资金，所以A选项“Manage Your Resources(管理你的资源)”最适合作为第四段的小标题。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段“Here’s a step-by-step guide to making any project run smoothly.(”以下是一步一步的指南，使任何项目顺利进行。)”以及第二段“Step 1: Define Goals and Objectives(步骤1：定义目标和目的)”可知，大卫组织慈善募捐活动时，根据项目管理步骤，他需要考虑的问题的第一个应该是：你总共能筹到多少钱；根据第三段“Step 2: Develop a Comprehensive Project Plan(步骤2：制定全面的项目计划)”可知，他需要考虑的问题的第二个应该是：组织募捐活动的具体任务是什么；根据第五段“It’s also necessary to use time and funds wisely, as well as adopt suitable tools to automate tasks.(明智地使用时间和资金，以及采用合适的工具来自动化任务，这也是很有必要的。)”可知，他需要考虑的问题的第三个应该是：哪个应用程序可以用来记录不同时间收集的钱数；根据第五段“Assess individual strengths and assign tasks accordingly.(评估个人优势并相应地分配任务。)”可知，他需要考虑的问题的第四个应该是：你的团队成员最擅长什么任务；根据第六段“Step 5: Ensure Effective Communications(步骤5：确保有效沟通)”可知，他需要考虑的问题的第五个应该是：电子邮件是否是团队成员表达观点的有效渠道；根据第七段“Step 3: Close the Project(步骤3：关闭项目)”''以及“Collect feedback from participants(收集参与者的反馈)”可知，他需要考虑的问题的第六个应该是：主要参与者对一切都满意吗？所以大卫需要考虑的问题的正确顺序是(2)(3)(3)(5)(4)(1)。故选C。 （2025·上海奉贤·二模）A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a system that determines functional intent — the desire to change, move, control, or interact with something in your environment — directly from your brain activity. In other words, BCIs allow you to control an application or a device using only your mind. When it comes to motor control, if we want to interact with a device in our environment (e. g. a lamp), we first decide what we want to do (turn on the lamp), then we coordinate (协调) and use the muscles in our arms, legs, hands, feet, etc., to perform that action (reach out with your finger and press the lamps on/off switch) and then finally the device responds to that action (the lamp turns on). BCIs bypass that middle step of coordinating and using your muscles to perform the desired action, instead using a computer to identify the intended action and then controlling the application of device directly. A brain-computer interface (BCI) functions through a series of interconnected steps. Initially, a specialized device captures the brain’s electrical activity, providing raw data that reflects the user’s intentions. This data is then sent to a computer, which processes and analyzes the signals to decode the user’s desired actions. Finally, the interpreted information controls an external application or device, allowing the user to interact smoothly. This integration of measurement, analysis, and control forms the backbone of BCI technology. Another important step of a BCI is feedback: the system must somehow let the user know what decision or intended action the computer was able to interpret. In our previous example, the lamp successfully turning on indicates to the user that the BCI successfully identified the action the user wanted. Providing feedback helps the user adapt to the BCI system, learning how they can control and adjust their brain activity, just as we can learn to coordinate and control our muscles and bodies. 1．How does a BCI differ from motor control? A．It skips physical performance via muscles. B．It requires stronger muscle movements. C．It coordinates a variety of body parts. D．It relies entirely on external sensors. 2．What role does the computer play in a BCI system? A．Measuring brain activity through sensors. B．Providing physical feedback to the user. C．Processing brain signals to identify intent D．Replacing the user’s decision-making process. 3．Which step in the illustration helps users adapt and confirm their intended action? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了脑机接口（BCI）的定义，工作原理、应用和前景。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“BCIs bypass that middle step of coordinating and using your muscles to perform the desired action, instead using a computer to identify the intended action and then controlling the application of device directly.( BCIs绕过了协调和使用肌肉来执行预期动作的中间步骤，而是使用计算机识别预期动作，然后直接控制设备的应用)”可知，脑机接口（BCI）绕过了协调和使用肌肉来执行期望动作的中间步骤，而运动控制需要协调和使用肌肉来完成动作，所以BCI与运动控制的不同在于它跳过了通过肌肉进行的身体表现。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Initially, a specialized device captures the brain’s electrical activity, providing raw data that reflects the user’s intentions. This data is then sent to a computer, which processes and analyzes the signals to decode the user’s desired actions. (起初，一个专门的设备捕捉大脑的电活动，提供反映用户意图的原始数据。然后，这些数据被发送到计算机，计算机对这些信号进行处理和分析，以解码用户想要的动作)”可知，计算机在 BCI 系统中的作用是处理大脑信号以识别意图。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Another important step of a BCI is feedback: the system must somehow let the user know what decision or intended action the computer was able to interpret. In our previous example, the lamp successfully turning on indicates to the user that the BCI successfully identified the action the user wanted. Providing feedback helps the user adapt to the BCI system, learning how they can control and adjust their brain activity, just as we can learn to coordinate and control our muscles and bodies.( BCI的另一个重要步骤是反馈：系统必须以某种方式让用户知道计算机能够解释的决定或预期动作。在前面的示例中，灯成功打开向用户表明BCI成功识别了用户想要的操作。提供反馈可以帮助用户适应BCI系统，学习如何控制和调整大脑活动，就像我们可以学习协调和控制我们的肌肉和身体一样)”可知，反馈这一步骤帮助用户适应 BCI 系统并确认他们的预期动作，在图示中，④表示外部设备（如灯）对用户意图的反应，即反馈，所以④这一步骤帮助用户适应和确认他们的预期动作，D 选项正确。①②③这三个步骤都不是反馈步骤，A、B、C 错误。故选D项。 （2025·上海浦东新·二模） In Shanghai’s busy streets and towering highrises, a new dialect appears — one spoken in algorithms(算法). From decoding local idioms in conference rooms to preserving disappearing crafts and guiding graduates toward tech careers, AI is becoming the city’s cultural bridge. This is urban intelligence with local flavor. Foreign professional’s Cultural Translator | LujiazuiTool: iFlytek Hear + DeepL Pro Users: Multinational consultants & startup founders The Challenge: 72% of foreign professionals struggle with “code-switching” — using formal Putonghua for business negotiations yet confused by local Shanghainese slang(俚语) in daily chats. The Solution:     iFlytek Hear converts local dialect to Putonghua text.     DeepL Pro translates with cultural notes:     Business: “关系” → “strategic partnership”     Casual: “lùzi” → “trusted local networks”The Impact: “Now when colleagues use local slang, I understand its implied meaning,” says Klaus Becker, investment analyst. Guardians of Lost Threads | Tianzifang Craft QuarterTools: Midjourney + Synthesia Users: ________________ The Crisis: With the Qipao masters aged 80+ and traditional guidance declining, delicate techniques like sewing and embroidery face extinction. The Comeback:     Midjourney’s digital reconstruction creates the digital version of the old-time Qipao from museum scans.     Synthesia’s live lessons convert master interviews into interactive sessions and auto-create stitch-by-stitch(一针针) videos from verbal instructions. The Impact: “Now when our master’s hands shake, her craft lives through AI-guided needles, revitalizing a 1947 design,” says young designer Li Xia. Career Pathfinders | College Innovation CenterTools: LinkedIn’s AI Career Assistant Users: University graduates piloting through tech-driven markets The Challenge: New graduates struggle to match skills with fast-evolving tech roles. The Approach:     Analyzes 100K+ job posts to identify high-demand hybrid roles (e.g., data analyst for smart urban planning).     Recommends skill-building courses adapted for Shanghai’s tech growth sectors. The Feedback: “AI matched my statistics degree with data roles upgrading public transport systems,” says grad Emily Zhang. 1．Target users for the blank are likely to be ________________. A．vocational trainers developing craft curricula B．culture researchers digitizing Qipao collections C．new designers learning from aging craft masters D．local businesses expanding craftsman e-commerce 2．Which of the following toolsets best suits a foreign art student in Shanghai in the hope of mixing tech roles with traditional crafts? A．iFlytek Hear + Synthesia. B．DeepL Pro + Midjourney. C．DeepL Pro + LinkedIn’s AI. D．Midjourney + LinkedIn’s AI. 3．Where would readers most likely find this article? A．A business blog. B．A career journal. C．A policy brief. D．A tech magazine. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在上海，人工智能（AI）在不同场景下的应用，如作为外国专业人士的文化翻译工具、保护即将消失的传统工艺、帮助大学毕业生匹配技术驱动市场的职业等。 1．推理判断题。根据“Guardians of Lost Threads | Tianzifang Craft Quarter”部分内容，提到 “With the Qipao masters aged 80+ and traditional guidance declining, delicate techniques like sewing and embroidery face extinction.(随着 80 多岁的旗袍大师年事已高，传统指导逐渐减少，像缝纫和刺绣这样的精细技艺面临灭绝。)”以及“The Comeback”部分中 “Midjourney’s digital reconstruction creates the digital version of the old-time Qipao from museum scans. Synthesia’s live lessons convert master interviews into interactive sessions and auto-create stitch-by-stitch (一针针) videos from verbal instructions.(Midjourney的数字重建通过博物馆扫描创建了旧时旗袍的数字版本。Synthesia 的直播课程将大师访谈转化为互动环节，并根据口头指令自动创建逐针视频。)”可知，主要是帮助新设计师向年迈的工艺大师学习技艺，所以目标用户可能是向年迈工艺大师学习的新设计师。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据Guardians of Lost Threads | Tianzifang Craft Quarter中“Midjourney’s digital reconstruction creates the digital version of the old-time Qipao from museum scans.( Midjourney的数字重建技术，根据博物馆的扫描图像，创造了旧时旗袍的数字版本。)”以及Career Pathfinders | College Innovation Center中“Users: University graduates piloting through tech-driven markets; Recommends skill-building courses adapted for Shanghai’s tech growth sectors. (用户：通过技术驱动市场试点的大学毕业生；推荐适合上海科技成长行业的技能培养课程。)”可知，一个希望将技术角色与传统工艺相结合的在上海的外国艺术学生，对于传统工艺方面，需要 Midjourney 来对传统旗袍进行数字重建，以了解传统工艺的数字化呈现；对于技术角色方面，需要 LinkedIn’s AI Career Assistant 来分析工作岗位，推荐技能提升课程，匹配适合的技术工作，所以 Midjourney + LinkedIn’s AI 这组工具最适合。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“In Shanghai’s busy streets and towering highrises, a new dialect appears — one spoken in algorithms(算法). From decoding local idioms in conference rooms to preserving disappearing crafts and guiding graduates toward tech careers, AI is becoming the city’s cultural bridge. This is urban intelligence with local flavor.( 在上海繁忙的街道和高耸的高楼中，一种新的方言出现了——一种用算法说的方言。从破译会议室里的当地习语，到保护消失的手工艺，再到引导毕业生从事科技职业，人工智能正在成为这座城市的文化桥梁。这是带有地方风味的城市智慧。)”可知，文章主要介绍了在上海，人工智能（AI）在不同场景下的应用，如作为外国专业人士的文化翻译工具、保护即将消失的传统工艺、帮助大学毕业生匹配技术驱动市场的职业等，重点围绕AI技术在不同方面的应用展开。D 选项“科技杂志”符合文章围绕 AI 技术应用的主题，所以读者最有可能在科技杂志上找到这篇文章。故选D项。 （2025·上海嘉定·二模）Hula Dancing Hula is a traditional Native Hawaiian dance that has been practiced for centuries, serving multiple purposes such as storytelling. religious expression, and entertainment. It is a deeply cultural and artistic form of movement that reflects Hawaiian history, values, and beliefs.Musical Instrument Native Hawaiians crafted their musical instruments using materials found in their environment, such as seeds, wood. gourds, and shells. These instruments were designed not only to create sound but also to reflect the natural beauty and harmony of the islands. Even today, many Hawaiians continue the practice of making these instruments by hand, preserving the traditional techniques passed down through generations.Hula Basics Locate a flat, smooth surface to ensure stability. Remove your socks and shoes for better control. Position your feet approximately four inches apart, maintaining a balanced stand. Slightly bend your knees and rest your hands on your hips (髋部). Initiate movement with your right foot by stepping to the right, bringing your left foot alongside it. Take another step to the right, then gently tap your left foot beside your right. Repeat to the left. Once comfortable with the footwork, add arm movements. When you step right, bend your left am and raise it to your chest with your elbow (手肘) straight out. Extend your right arm straight out to the side. Do the opposite when you step left.Hand Gestures The hand gestures in hula dancing serve as a visual language, enhancing the storytelling aspect of the performance by symbolizing elements of nature and emotions. ·To represent RAIN, gracefully lift both arms above your head, then lower them slowly in front of you while delicately moving your fingers, imitating falling raindrops. ·For FLOWER, lift your hands with your fingertips pressed together, creating the shape of a blossom. ·To illustrate WIND．extend your left hand forward while circling your right hand above your head twice. ·To show the rising SUN or MOON, begin with your hands together at waist level, then move each arm outward and upward in a smooth arc (弧线) over your head. Finally, form the shape of the sun or moon by bringing your fingertips together. 1．According to the passage, what is the significance of hula dancing? A．It reflects Hawaiians’ character. B．It helps keep Hawaiian culture alive. C．It relates Hawaiians to modern society. D．It represents Hawaiian people’s creativity. 2．Which of the following is a distinct feature of hula dancing? A．Dancers rely on fast movements with no set form. B．Dancers jump and turn to show the wonder of nature. C．Dancers remain in one place while moving their hands. D．Dancers use specific steps and arm movements together. 3．The following pictures show some hand gestures in hula dancing. Which two of them represent FLOWER and WIND, respectively?              A．2 and 3. B．1 and4 C．2 and 4. D．1 and 3. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍夏威夷草裙舞，涵盖其文化意义、舞蹈基础，以及特色的舞步、手势与乐器知识 。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Hula is a traditional Native Hawaiian dance that has been practiced for centuries, serving multiple purposes such as storytelling, religious expression, and entertainment. It is a deeply cultural and artistic form of movement that reflects Hawaiian history, values, and beliefs.(草裙舞是一种传统的夏威夷本土舞蹈，已经传承了几个世纪，具有多种用途，如讲故事、宗教表达和娱乐。它是一种具有深厚文化和艺术内涵的舞蹈形式，反映了夏威夷的历史、价值观和信仰。)”可知，草裙舞作为一种有着悠久历史的传统舞蹈，承载着夏威夷的文化、历史、价值观和信仰等。由此推知，它有助于让夏威夷文化得以延续下去，即帮助保持夏威夷文化的活力。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据Hula Basics部分“Once comfortable with the footwork, add arm movements. When you step right, bend your left arm and raise it to your chest with your elbow (手肘) straight out. Extend your right arm straight out to the side. Do the opposite when you step left.(一旦对步法感到适应，就加上手臂动作。当你向右迈步时，弯曲你的左臂并将其举到胸前，手肘伸直。将你的右臂伸直向一侧伸展。当你向左迈步时，做相反的动作)”可知，草裙舞的一个明显特点是舞者要将特定的舞步和手臂动作结合起来。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据Hand Gestures部分“For FLOWER, lift your hands with your fingertips pressed together, creating the shape of a blossom.(对于‘花’，抬起你的手，使指尖压在一起，形成一朵花的形状)”可知，图片1中指尖压在一起形成花的形状，符合“花”的手势；“To illustrate WIND, extend your left hand forward while circling your right hand above your head twice.(为了表现‘风’，伸出你的左手向前，同时右手在头顶上方绕圈两次)”可知，图片3中左手向前伸出，右手在头顶绕圈，符合“风”的手势。所以代表“花”和“风”的手势分别是图片1和图片3。故选D。 （2025·上海崇明·二模） Travelling by rail holds a romantic and old-fashioned appeal that can't be matched by flying or driving. By taking the slow route, you get to experience and interact with an area in a completely different way. 1THE ROCKY MOUNTAINEER Where: Canada, from Vancouver to Banff, Jasper and Calgary. When: In June, which is springtime in the Rockies, complete with beautiful flowers and plenty of wildlife. Duration: Between two and eight days travelling only in daylight, staying in luxurious hotels. Highlights: Unmatched views of the Rocky Mountains, incredible luxury at every stage of the trip, traditional native storytelling, wine classes and natural history workshops. 2EASTERN AND ORIENTAL EXPRESS Where: From Thailand, through Malaysia, to Singapore. When: April and May, for the least wet weather. Duration: Trips vary from two to eight days. Highlights: You’ll travel through the heart of Southeast Asia. From golden temples and rice fields to big cities, this luxurious train showcases the best of the countries it passes through. 3THE GHAN Where: Australia, from Adelaide to Darwin via Alice Springs. When: Going during the wet season (December, January) will allow you to see more wildlife and tropical features in the north, though peak season is usually the winter. Duration: Going straight through takes 52 hours. There are get-off points from which you can take tours. Highlights: Going through Australia’s Red Centre with blue skies, red earth and not much else — an unforgettably beautiful and peaceful experience. 4THE ROYAL SCOTSMAN Where: Around the Scottish Highlands or all the way around Great Britain. When: Warmer weather and up to 20 hours of daylight in June makes it the perfect time to watch birds flying over mirror-like lakes, or go in October for autumn colours and the rather special deer-mating season. Duration: Trips can be as short as two days or as long as seven. Highlights: Possibly the most expensive train journey in the world. You’ll be treated like a member of the monarchy (王室). Superb cuisine, fine wines and carriages (火车客车厢) that look like rooms at Balmoral Castle await those willing to part with a minimum of £2350 per person for a two-night trip. 1．The above information is mainly aimed at__________. A．selling some package tour products B．advising people to travel by rail for business C．introducing some great railway journeys D．analyzing the advantages of travelling by train 2．Ella, who’d like to experience first-rate service and taste excellent food on the train, is most likely to choose__________. A．The Rocky Mountaineer B．Eastern and Oriental Express C．The Ghan D．The Royal Scotsman 3．What can be learned about the four routes? A．One of the routes runs in more than one country. B．Winter is the recommended season for the Ghan. C．The Rocky Mountaineer only features natural views. D．The Royal Scotsman is the shortest of the four routes. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四条很棒的铁路旅行路线。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Travelling by rail holds a romantic and old-fashioned appeal that can't be matched by flying or driving. By taking the slow route, you get to experience and interact with an area in a completely different way. (乘火车旅行有一种浪漫而老式的魅力，这是乘飞机或开车无法比拟的。走慢路线，你可以以一种完全不同的方式体验和与一个地区互动。)”和接下来的内容分别介绍了四条很棒的铁路旅行路线，包括它们的地点、时间、时长和亮点等内容可知，这篇短文的主要目的是介绍一些很棒的铁路旅行。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据The Royal Scotsman部分“Superb cuisine, fine wines and carriages that look like rooms at Balmoral Castle await those willing to part with a minimum of £2350 per person for a two-night trip. (对于那些愿意为两晚之旅支付每人至少2350英镑的人来说，他们将享受到绝佳的美食、美酒和看起来像巴尔莫勒尔城堡房间的车厢。)”可知，Ella想在火车上体验一流的服务，品尝美味的食物，她最有可能选择皇家苏格兰人号列车。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据Eastern and Oriental Express部分“Where: From Thailand, through Malaysia, to Singapore. (地点：从泰国出发，经过马来西亚，到达新加坡。)”可知，东方快车这条路线跨越多个国家。故选A。 （2025·上海静安·二模） Juneau, the capital of Alaska, has an unusual location which shapcs its fortunes and hones its spirit. It enjoys glaciers (冰山), mountains, temperate rainforests and massive tidal waters, all of which invite visitors to explore. Its historic centre hugs the Gastineau Channel, which circles Southeast Alaska’s 300-mile-long Alexander Archipelago. Reachable only by aircraft or boat, this is a capital that’s breathtakingly remote. Traditionally referred to as Dzantik’i Heeni, Juneau used to be homeland of three distinct ethnic groups for over 10,000 years. In the 1880s, prospectors began gathering to the city for the promise of gold, and its mines remain some of the largest in the world witnessing Juncau developing from a deserted place to a rich city. Today, the city is home to administrators, lech wizards, artists, wildlife-watchers and adventurers, who, together, have helped to form a laidback city with a close-to-nature feel. With a population lower than 32,000, the spacious state capital of Juneau rarely looks messy. To start taking in its atmosphere, head for Downtown Juneau tour to explore its historic streets on foot. A walking tour, linking 11 sound installations, offers a warm-hearted introduction to neighbourhood life. At each stop, you’ll hear spoken-word clips recorded by native elders. And Juneau’s natural charm, with its various scenic spots, is Juneau’s biggest drawing force in visitors’ eyes. The remarkable Mendenhall Glacier — rocky enough to fascinate hikers — is just one of Juneau’s many natural attractions. During the Mendenhall Glacier hike, you’re personally experiencing wild waters and sharp forested slopes. For hardcore hikers, its pull is hard to resist. Lying at 58.3 degrees north, a similar latitude to the north coast of the Scottish Highlands, Juneau enjoys a far milder climate than Alaska’s northerly reaches and in summer, the long hours of daylight invite everyone outdoors. Rain is sometimes a companion, but visitors won’t be bothered. One of the city’s best hikes — a three-mile climb with superb waterfall views — is called the Perseverance Trail. Just pull on your waterproofs and go.Plan your trip Various airlines fly from London to Juneau via Seattle or Anchorage in 14.5-17.5 hours. Juneau is also reachable from the US and Canada by boat, via the Alaska Marine Highway System. Given the amazing sea view, the shipping way outweighs flying among visitors. Once you’re in Juneau, taxis, rideshares and car rental services are all readily available for in-city rides.For more information and inspiration,visit traveljuneau.com 1．Which of the following item is Juneau’s major selling point to visitors? A．Cultural background. B．Development history. C．Natural attraction. D．Climate advantage. 2．A visitor who is keen on looking for heart-pounding adventures will most likely go for_______ in Juneau. A．the gold rush tour B．Downtown Juneau tour C．the Mendenhall Glacier hike D．the Perseverance Trail 3．Which is visitors’ preferred way of transportation to arrive in Juneau? A．By plane. B．By ship. C．By hiking. D．By car. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是美国阿拉斯加州首府朱诺的自然美景、历史文化及探险活动，为游客提供详尽的旅行建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“And Juneau’s natural charm, with its various scenic spots, is Juneau’s biggest drawing force in visitors’ eyes.(而朱诺的自然魅力，及其众多风景名胜，是游客眼中朱诺最大的吸引力所在。)”可知，自然景观是朱诺的主要卖点。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The remarkable Mendenhall Glacier — rocky enough to fascinate hikers — is just one of Juneau’s many natural attractions. During the Mendenhall Glacier hike, you’re personally experiencing wild waters and sharp forested slopes. For hardcore hikers, its pull is hard to resist.(令人惊叹的门登霍尔冰川——其崎岖的地形足以吸引徒步旅行者——只是朱诺众多自然景观之一。在门登霍尔冰川徒步旅行中，你会亲身感受到狂野的水域和陡峭的森林山坡。对于热衷于挑战的徒步爱好者来说，它的吸引力难以抗拒。)”可知，门登霍尔冰川崎岖的地形非常适合那些寻求心跳加速的冒险活动的游客。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Given the amazing sea view, the shipping way outweighs flying among visitors.(鉴于壮丽的海景，乘船的方式在游客中比乘飞机更受欢迎。)”可知，乘船的方式更受游客欢迎，由此可知，游客到达朱诺的首选交通方式是乘船。故选B项。 （2025·上海徐汇·二模）Sam Schwartz, better known as Gridlock Sam, unsuccessfully tried to introduce congestion (拥堵) pricing to New York in the 1970s, when he was a city traffic engineer. Some 50 years later, on January 5th this year, the city finally collected the charge — the first of its kind in America.   The scheme (方案) is modelled partly on that of London, where since 2003 a daily charge (currently £15, or $19) has reduced the number of cars, improved air quality and funded transit upgrades. New York’s version costs $9 for most drivers (with different rates for lorries and low-income New Yorkers). The zone includes Manhattan’s central business district, south of 61st Street, and most of the roads, tunnels and bridges that connect surrounding areas. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority, which oversees the city’s transport system and some suburban lines, hopes that the scheme will reduce traffic in these areas by 10-20% (traffic in central London fell by 18% in the first year). Money from the congestion charge is earmarked for much-needed improvements to New York’s ageing subway and other public-transport systems. Will it work? Joshua and Benjamin Moshes, students at Northeastern University and Brown University respectively, are monitoring how travel times into Manhattan have changed since the charge came into effect. Their congestion tracker collects traffic data from Google Maps every 15 minutes across 19 routes into Manhattan. It is too soon to say what effect the pricing will have on New York’s roads, but three charts below offer some clues from the first 24 hours.     Early results are encouraging. The tracker shows that the time to drive the 1.6 miles (2.6 km) through the Holland Tunnel was cut by half during rush hour: from an average of 23 minutes on most Monday mornings, to just 12 on January 6th. The time spent crossing the East River through the Queensboro Bridge was also cut by half. Drivers from Brooklyn still faced heavy traffic on the Brooklyn Bridge, however, and travel times within the congestion zone were reduced overall by just 1%. Snowfall and other unrelated factors may have played a role. It will take months to fully assess the impact of the charge. 1．Which of the following statements about Sam Schwartz is correct? A．He managed to introduce congestion pricing in New York in the 1970s. B．He has been working on the congestion pricing scheme for about 50 years. C．He proposed the concept of congestion pricing as a city traffic engineer. D．His congestion pricing scheme was eventually adopted by London. 2．According to the passage, the main purpose of New York’s congestion pricing is to _________. A．provide an additional source of income for citizens in New York B．ease traffic while raising money to improve public transportation C．increase the financial income of the New York City government D．encourage the local residents to use their private cars more often 3．Which of the following is a fact mentioned in the passage to support the claim that “early results are encouraging”? A．Travel times on the three routes into Manhattan have significantly decreased. B．Traffic congestion on the Brooklyn Bridge has significantly improved. C．Driving time through the Holland Tunnel has been reduced by about 50%. D．Overall travel times within the congestion zone have decreased by 1%. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是新闻报道。报道了纽约市实施拥堵收费方案。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Sam Schwartz, better known as Gridlock Sam, unsuccessfully tried to introduce congestion (拥堵) pricing to New York in the 1970s, when he was a city traffic engineer.(上世纪70年代，Sam Schwartz——更广为人知的名字是“堵车山姆”——曾试图在纽约引入拥堵收费，但没有成功，当时他还是一名城市交通工程师)”可知，Sam Schwartz作为城市交通工程师，他提出了拥堵收费的概念。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The Metropolitan Transportation Authority, which oversees the city’s transport system and some suburban lines, hopes that the scheme will reduce traffic in these areas by 10-20% (traffic in central London fell by 18% in the first year). Money from the congestion charge is earmarked for much-needed improvements to New York’s ageing subway and other public-transport systems.(负责监管纽约市交通系统以及一些郊区线路的大都会运输署希望，这一方案能够使这些地区的交通拥堵状况减少10% 至20%（伦敦市中心的交通流量在第一年就下降了18%）。征收拥堵费所得的资金将专门用于对纽约老化的地铁系统以及其他公共交通系统进行迫切需要的改进)”可推知，纽约实施拥堵收费的主要目的是缓解交通拥堵，同时为改善公共交通筹集资金。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Early results are encouraging. The tracker shows that the time to drive the 1.6 miles (2.6km) through the Holland Tunnel was cut by half during rush hour: from an average of 23 minutes on most Monday mornings, to just 12 on January 6th.(初步结果令人鼓舞。跟踪显示，在高峰时段，通过荷兰隧道1.6英里（2.6公里）的时间缩短了一半：从大多数周一早上的平均23分钟，减少到1月6日的12分钟)”可知，通过荷兰隧道的驾驶时间减少了约50%，支持“早期结果令人鼓舞”这一说法的事实。故选C项。 （2025·上海金山·二模）Stepping Stones is a nonprofit offering a variety of ways to support life-changing services for children, teenagers and adults with disabilities. Since 1963, Stepping Stones has helped people with disabilities in Ohio find paths to independence that improve their lives and enable them to more fully participate in their communities. Today, Stepping Stones offers a variety of year-round programs and serves more than 1,100 children and adults with disabilities at four program locations. Want to Support Stepping Stones? Browse opportunities to support Stepping Stones’ programs below. Annual FundThe Annual Giving Fund is established to help Stepping Stones meet the increasing and changing needs of the extraordinary people we serve. Stepping Stones depends on fundraising grants and gifts to the Annual Giving Fund to balance the budget. The Annual Giving Fund donations are used for a variety of important programs like Camperships to Summer Camp, Adult Day Services etc. Endowments The Endowment Fund is established for restricted gifts for the long-term support of the objectives and mission of Stepping Stones. The Fund is a separate fund of cash, securities and other assets (资产) that are held as restricted funds within the general assets of Stepping Stones. Endowment gifts are often in the form of cash or securities but also may include gifts of real estate, appreciated property and planned giving options. Endowment gifts can be paid over a period of years and may be designated (指定) for specific named funds and scholarships. Gifts-in-KindDo you have a product, service or other item that could benefit Stepping Stones? You may donate it as a Gift-in-Kind. Non-cash gifts can include design or printing services, advertising space, food, beverages, books, event auction items, office equipment or other items. Matching GiftsA great way to increase your donation to Stepping Stones is through your employer. Many companies offer a matching gift program to their employees, directors, employees’ husbands or wives as an added benefit. With these programs, a company will match an employee’s gift to charitable and educational organizations. Contact your Human Resources office to see if your company has a matching gifts program that can be used to match your contribution to Stepping Stones. 1．What can we learn about “endowment gifts” to Stepping Stones? A．They are used immediately. B．They should be in the form of cash. C．They can be reserved for a particular purpose. D．They are mainly used for daily operational expenses. 2．Xiao Li wants to donate his bonus to Stepping Stones. Which program will maximize his donation? A．Annual fund. B．Matching Gifts. C．Endowments. D．Gifts-in-kind. 3．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To introduce the history of Stepping Stones. B．To show the importance of Stepping Stones. C．To present various ways to support Stepping Stones. D．To describe the programs offered by Stepping Stones. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非营利组织Stepping Stones的使命、服务内容以及支持该组织的方式，包括年度基金、捐赠基金、实物捐赠和配对捐赠等。 1．推理判断题。根据文章表格Endowments部分中的“The Endowment Fund is established for restricted gifts for the long-term support of the objectives and mission of Stepping Stones.(捐赠基金是为了接受限定用途的捐赠而设立的，用于对“垫脚石”的目标和使命进行长期支持)”以及“Endowment gifts can be paid over a period of years and may be designated (指定) for specific named funds and scholarships.(捐赠基金的款项可以在数年时间内分期支付，并且可以指定用于特定的命名基金和奖学金项目)”可知，捐赠基金可以指定用于特定的命名基金和奖学金，即可以为特定目的预留。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章表格Matching Gifts部分中的“A great way to increase your donation to Stepping Stones is through your employer. Many companies offer a matching gift program to their employees, directors, employees’ husbands or wives as an added benefit. With these programs, a company will match an employee’s gift to charitable and educational organizations.(增加你对“垫脚石”捐赠金额的一个好办法是通过你的雇主来实现。许多公司为其员工、董事、员工的配偶提供配对捐赠项目，作为一项额外福利。通过这些项目，公司会对员工向慈善和教育机构的捐赠进行等额匹配)”可知，通过雇主的配对捐赠项目，公司会对员工向慈善和教育机构的捐赠进行等额匹配，所以小李通过这个项目捐赠奖金，公司会匹配相同金额，能使他的捐赠最大化。故选B。 3．推理判断题。文章开篇“Stepping Stones is a nonprofit offering a variety of ways to support life-changing services for children, teenagers and adults with disabilities.(“垫脚石”是一家非营利组织，它提供多种方式来支持为残障儿童、青少年和成年人提供的改变人生的服务项目)”介绍了“Stepping Stones”是一个非营利组织，接着简述了其自1963年以来的发展情况和服务内容。然后以“Want to Support Stepping Stones?”引出下文，详细介绍了支持“Stepping Stones”的多种方式，包括年度基金、捐赠基金、实物捐赠和配对捐赠。也就是说，文章的主体部分就是在介绍不同的支持方式。故选C。 （2025·上海宝山·二模）Martizia A．Morelos 18 Maison Rd. Los Angeles, CA 95550 333-555-1222 September 15, 2024 Dear Mr. and Mrs. Andreas and Finn Schulz, I am writing this letter to give you notice that we will require you to leave our rental unit at 7 Banelle Drive, Unit 1602 on February 1, 2025. This notice gives you 4.5 months' notice, which is more than the state's required 3 months of notice for repairs. During this time, we will be installing a new kitchen, adding a washer and dryer in the apartment and upgrading the bathrooms. Additionally, we will be changing the floors and painting the entire unit. We expect the repairs will take at least four months, if not longer. There have been some supply issues recently, so there may be delays because we can’t get some materials. However, we would like to know if you would like to return to the apartment after the repairs are done. Of course, we know that many things can change between now and next year when everything will hopefully be ready. If you know for sure that you won’t be renting our place again (and we will have to charge an additional 15%), could you please let us know immediately? You can always change your mind when we list the place again for rental. You have been wonderful renters and we hope that you will want to return and rent our place again. We would love to see you enjoy the new additions and upgrades! Please call us anytime with your questions. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Martizia A．Morelos Owner, 7 Banelle Dr. ,Unit 1602 1．What will the renters have to do in February? A．They’ll have to leave for three months. B．They’ll have to move out for good. C．They’ll have to move out for several days. D．They’ll have to leave for at least four months. 2．What will the owners do with the apartment? A．They’ll make the bathrooms nicer. B．They’ll include a new bedroom. C．They’ll put in an air conditioner. D．They’ll turn it into a public space. 3．What is the relationship like between the Schulzes and Martizia? A．They don’t know each other. B．They are on friendly terms. C．They want to become friends. D．They have to do work together. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。房主Martizia通知Schulzes夫妇2025年2月1日搬离以便装修，维修至少4个月，询问其之后是否续租。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“I am writing this letter to give you notice that we will require you to leave our rental unit at 7 Banelle Drive, Unit 1602 on February 1, 2025. This notice gives you 4.5 months' notice, which is more than the state's required 3 months of notice for repairs.(我写这封信是为了通知你们，我们要求你们在2025年2月1日离开我们位于巴内尔大道7号1602单元的出租房。本通知给了你们4个半月的通知期，这比该州规定的维修通知期3个月要长。)”以及第三段第一句“We expect the repairs will take at least four months, if not longer.(我们预计维修至少需要四个月，如果不是更长时间的话。)”可知，租客在2月1日要离开，且维修至少需要四个月，所以他们得离开至少四个月。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“During this time, we will be installing a new kitchen, adding a washer and dryer in the apartment and upgrading the bathrooms. Additionally, we will be changing the floors and painting the entire unit.(在此期间，我们将安装一个新厨房，在公寓里增加一台洗衣机和烘干机，并升级浴室。此外，我们将更换地板并粉刷整个单元。)”可知，房主会升级浴室，也就是让浴室变得更好。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段“You have been wonderful renters and we hope that you will want to return and rent our place again. We would love to see you enjoy the new additions and upgrades!(你们一直是很棒的租客，我们希望你们愿意回来再次租我们的房子。我们很希望看到你们享受新增加的设施和升级后的房子！)”可知，房主Martizia认为租客Schulzes夫妇是很棒的租客，并且希望他们之后还能回来租房子，由此可以推断出他们之间关系友好。故选B项。 （2025·上海杨浦·二模） HIGHLY COMMENDED CHARITY RSPCA Established, trustworthy, caring. FEMALE,40-49, WA ▂ Admire what they do for animals. FEMALE,40-49, QLD ▂ They really care about animals. MALE,60-69,WA ▂ I’ m a volunteer so I see all their hard work. FEMALE,50-59. SA/NT ▂ The RSPCA cares for over 87,000 animals every year （including over18,000 dogs and 33,000 cats）, and investigates over 58,000 cases of animal cruelty. Across the country, the RSPCA also educates the community on animal welfare and responsible pet ownership, and advocates for changes in policy and practice that improve the welfare of animals. “Every day, we’re reminded just how crucial the community’s trust is for our work. Australians trust us to care for animals, to investigate animal cruelty when it occurs, to provide advice on how to care for our pets, and to push for laws and practices that better protect animals.” “And we know that we have to work tirelessly to maintain that trust-including by ensuring that our animal care, prevention, education and advocacy efforts are firmly backed by science and evidence,” says Richard Mussell, CEO of RSPCA Australia. ●Visit www.rspca.org.au HIGHLY COMMENDED CHARITY Guide Dogs I admire what Guide Dogs do for the community. FEMALE,60-69. QLD ▂ They offer an essential service for the blind and vision impaired. FEMALE,40-49, QLD ▂ Transparent and honest. MALE, 70+, VIC/TAS ▂ For over 60 years, Guide Dogs Australia has been transforming the live sof people with low vision or blindness. To achieve this, trust must be at the heart of everything we do; from the trust our clients place in us to provide the support and care they need, to the trust between a Guide Dog Handler and their Guide Dog. This trust also extends to the community whose generosity and faith in the work we do is helping to transform lives every day. At the age of five, Melaine was diagnosed with a rare genetic disease that affects both hearing and vision. Despite her diagnosis, Melaine had over three decades of professional experience within a reputable animal welfare organization. Her diverse roles included veterinary nurse and community outreach coordinator. Her beloved Guide Dog, Dessau, has given Melaine back her independence and their journey has been characterized by adaptability and a determination to break down barriers. Funding for Guide Dogs,75 per cent of which comes from the community, allows the charity to support clients like Melaine to live a life without limits. ● Visit www.guidedogs.com.au 1．Suppose you are conducting a research project on the RSPCA and you plan to interview Richard Mussell, the CEO of RSPCA Australia. You have prepared the following list of questions. Which of the following should be added to the list to gain a comprehensive understanding of the RSPCA’s approach? Interview questions:1．What role does community education play in the RSPCA’s overall mission? 2．How does the RSPCA balance between animal care and policy advocacy? 3．… A．How does the RSPCA decide which applicant gets the pet first? B．How does the RSPCA ensure that its staff are trained in customer service? C．How can the RSPCA ensure that the advocated policies are justified? D．How does the RSPCA assign the budget for staff medical care? 2．What can be learned about Guide Dogs Australia from the passage? A．It trains dogs to support people with hearing and vision loss. B．It provides independence to people with low vision or blindness. C．Its operations are mainly funded by the government. D．Its community outreach programs rank top nationwide. 3．Which of the following best describes a common factor between the RSPCA and Guide Dogs Australia that supports their success? A．Both organizations serve to provide support to the disabled. B．Both organizations focus primarily on the welfare of animals. C．Both organizations rely on scientific evidence to guide their practices. D．Both organizations value trust as a key part in their operations. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两个备受赞誉的慈善机构——RSPCA和Guide Dogs，包括它们的工作内容、成就、社会影响以及公众对它们的评价。 1．推理判断题。根据文章内容“Across the country, the RSPCA also educates the community on animal welfare and responsible pet ownership, and advocates for changes in policy and practice that improve the welfare of animals. “Every day, we’re reminded just how crucial the community’s trust is for our work. Australians trust us to care for animals, to investigate animal cruelty when it occurs, to provide advice on how to care for our pets, and to push for laws and practices that better protect animals.”(在全国范围内，皇家防止虐待动物协会还向社区宣传动物福利以及负责任的宠物饲养理念，并倡导政策和实践方面的变革，以改善动物的福利状况。“每一天，我们都深刻意识到，社区的信任对于我们的工作是何等关键。澳大利亚民众信任我们能够照顾好动物，在虐待动物事件发生时进行调查，就如何照顾宠物提供建议，以及推动制定更好地保护动物的法律和实践措施。”)”可知，RSPCA的工作包括倡导政策变革以改善动物福利，了解选项C“How can the RSPCA ensure that the advocated policies are justified?( RSPCA如何确保所倡导的政策合理)”，能深入了解其在政策倡导方面的具体做法和考量，与已有的问题 2“如何平衡动物护理和政策倡导”相呼应，有助于全面了解 RSPCA 在实现使命过程中政策方面的举措，可加入列表。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章“For over 60 years, Guide Dogs Australia has been transforming the live sof people with low vision or blindness. To achieve this, trust must be at the heart of everything we do; from the trust our clients place in us to provide the support and care they need, to the trust between a Guide Dog Handler and their Guide Dog. (60多年来，澳大利亚导盲犬协会一直在改变视力低下或失明人士的生活。为实现这一目标，信任必须成为我们一切工作的核心——从我们的客户对我们提供所需支持和照顾的信任，到导盲犬训练员与他们的导盲犬之间的信任。)”以及“Her beloved Guide Dog, Dessau, has given Melaine back her independence and their journey has been characterized by adaptability and a determination to break down barriers.(她心爱的导盲犬Dessau让Melaine重新获得了独立，她们的旅程充满了适应性和打破障碍的决心。)”可知，澳大利亚导盲犬协会通过导盲犬让视力低下或失明的人重获独立。故选B。 3．推理判断题。对于RSPCA，文中提到““And we know that we have to work tirelessly to maintain that trust-including by ensuring that our animal care, prevention, education and advocacy efforts are firmly backed by science and evidence,” says Richard Mussell, CEO of RSPCA Australia.(“我们明白，我们必须不懈努力来维护这种信任——包括确保我们在动物照料、预防、教育和倡导方面的工作得到科学和证据的有力支持。”澳大利亚皇家防止虐待动物协会首席执行官Richard Mussell表示。)”，强调了社区信任对其工作的重要性以及要努力维持信任。而对于Guide Dogs Australia，文中提到“To achieve this, trust must be at the heart of everything we do; from the trust our clients place in us to provide the support and care they need, to the trust between a Guide Dog Handler and their Guide Dog. This trust also extends to the community whose generosity and faith in the work we do is helping to transform lives every day.(为实现这一目标，信任必须成为我们一切工作的核心——从我们的客户对我们提供所需支持和照顾的信任，到导盲犬训练员与他们的导盲犬之间的信任。这种信任还延伸到社区，社区对我们工作的慷慨支持和坚定信念，每天都在助力改变人们的生活。)”则指出信任是其一切工作的核心。所以两个组织都将信任视为其运作中的关键部分。故选D。 （2025·上海普陀·二模）In recent years, professional organizations in the foreign language field have collaborated to set professional goals, establish policies, and provide valuable support. Here is a list of key membership organizations. For more information and updates, you can visit the links to these organizations’ sites on the Teacher’s Handbook website. MLA: Founded in 1883, the Modern Language Association (MLA) promotes the study and teaching of languages and literatures and offers opportunities for its members to share their scholarly literary findings and teaching experiences with colleagues. Composed of nearly 30,000 members in 100 countries, MLA hosts an annual convention and other meetings, works with related organizations, and maintains one of the finest publishing programs in the humanities. Its involvement with foreign language teaching and learning specifically is evidenced by its role in the creation of other key organizations. CTFL: The national umbrella organization for the foreign language teaching profession is the Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (CTFL), founded in 1967 by the leadership of the MLA, to address issues of teacher preparation, language instruction, and curriculum development. In recent years, CTFL launched its Research Priorities in Foreign Language Education Program to identify key areas in which research is needed to inform and improve classroom practice and to sponsor this research through funding, publication. TESOL: TESOL stands for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, and the professional association is TESOL International Association. The field of teaching English to speakers of other languages is a professional pursuit that requires specialized training. TESOL differs from teaching English to native speakers of English, since its primary focus is on teaching non-natives to communicate in English and understand cultural practices of English-speaking communities. English as a second language (ESL) educators teach English language learners (ELLs) in countries where English is the dominant language, such as Australia, Canada, England, and the United States. English as a foreign language (EFL) educators teach in countries where English is spoken only as a foreign language, such as Japan and Saudi Arabia. 1．What is the primary focus of the Modern Language Association (MLA)? A．Promoting the teaching of English to speakers of other languages. B．Facilitating the study and teaching of languages and literatures. C．Improving language instruction through specialized training. D．Funding research in foreign language education. 2．What is a significant program initiated by the CTFL in recent years? A．An annual convention for language teachers. B．A language publishing program for literary studies. C．Establishing a global network of language educators. D．The Research Priorities in Foreign Language Education Program. 3．How does TESOL differ from MLA and CTFL? A．TESOL is more focused on literature, while MLA and CTFL focus on language. B．TESOL promotes the study of all languages, while MLA and CTFL focus on English. C．TESOL is specific to teaching English to non-native speakers, unlike MLA and CTFL. D．TESOL operates in English-speaking countries, while MLA and CTFL work internationally. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了外语领域的三个重要专业组织——MLA、CTFL和TESOL。 1．细节理解题。根据MLA部分中“Founded in 1883, the Modern Language Association (MLA) promotes the study and teaching of languages and literatures and offers opportunities for its members to share their scholarly literary findings and teaching experiences with colleagues.(成立于1883年的现代语言协会(MLA)促进语言和文学的学习与教学，并为其成员提供与同事分享学术文学研究成果和教学经验的机会)”可知，MLA的主要重点是促进语言和文学的学习与教学。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据CTFL部分中“In recent years, CTFL launched its Research Priorities in Foreign Language Education Program to identify key areas in which research is needed to inform and improve classroom practice and to sponsor this research through funding, publication.(近年来，CTFL发起了外语教育研究优先项目，以确定需要进行研究的关键领域，为课堂实践提供信息并加以改进，并通过资金和出版物来资助这项研究)”可知，CTFL近年来发起的一个重要项目是外语教育研究优先项目。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据TESOL部分中“TESOL differs from teaching English to native speakers of English, since its primary focus is on teaching non-natives to communicate in English and understand cultural practices of English speaking communities.(TESOL与向以英语为母语的人教授英语不同，因为它的主要重点是教非母语人士用英语进行交流，并了解英语国家的文化习俗)”可知，TESOL专门针对向非母语人士教授英语，这与MLA和CTFL不同。故选C项。 （2025·上海青浦·二模）The Annual Ig Nobel Prizes Honor Special Scientific Achievements On Sept 12, the 2024 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded in the US. Created in 1991 by Marc Abrahams, a writer in the US, these prizes honor scientific studies that “make people laugh, then think”. Here are some winners from this year. Not as old as you thinkA healthy diet and good genes have contributed to higher life expectancy around the world. But there is also something else, such as mistakes in demographic (人口的) data and possible pension fraud. Saul Justin Newman from the UK found almost 80 percent of the people over 110 years old have no birth certificate. In the US, over 500 people claim to be over 110, but only seven have birth certificates. So the number of very old people might be exaggerated. Some people may even be lying about their birth for more pension. “Side effect” of side effectsMedicine often has side effects that add to patients’ discomfort. So a perfect treatment should have no side effects at all, right? Not necessarily. A team led by Lieven Schenk in Germany did an experiment. They made two fake medicines. Neither could reduce pain, and the second type could cause a burning feeling in the nose. The team then asked 77 healthy volunteers to randomly take one of the medicines, after which they would receive a “dose” of pain. The scientists found that those taking the second type of medicine reported less pain. They had felt the burning and took it as a sign of the medicine “working”. The research showed that in such cases, side effects may not be a bad thing. Plant that can “see” and imitateIn 2013, scientists discovered a strange vine called Boquila trifoliolata (勃奎拉藤). It could change the shape of its leaves to look like other plants nearby. Jacob White in the US and Felipe Yamashita in Germany wanted to know why. They planted the vine under a shelf, and placed a plastic plant above the shelf. As the vine grew taller, only the part of it that reached over the shelf looked like the plastic plant. Therefore, the scientists suggested that some plants could “see” what’s happening around them and imitate the shapes of neighboring plants. 1．Which of the following statements about the Ig Nobel Prizes is TRUE? A．The Ig Nobel Prizes are held every three years. B．The 2024 Ig Nobel Prizes were intended to remember the founder. C．The Ig Nobel Prizes honor amusing but inspiring scientific studies. D．The 2024 Ig Nobel Prizes have three winners covering different fields. 2．Which of the following is a reason for the growing number of very old people worldwide? A．Economic development enables people to live longer. B．People claim to be older in order to get their birth certificate. C．A majority of the supposed old people can’t prove their real age. D．Older people are so forgetful that they don’t remember their birth date. 3．By doing the “side-effect” experiment on volunteers, scientists find that ________. A．side effects of a medicine are annoying and unavoidable B．the second type of medicine is more effective than the first C．the two fake medicines can actually work to relieve the pain D．the side effects can lead people to think that the medicine works 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“搞笑诺贝尔奖”，并且介绍了2024年“搞笑诺贝尔奖”的获奖者。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Created in 1991 by Marc Abrahams, a writer in the US, these prizes honor scientific studies that “make people laugh, then think”.( 该奖项于1991年由美国作家马克·亚伯拉罕（Marc Abrahams）创立，旨在表彰那些“让人发笑，然后思考”的科学研究)”可知，搞笑诺贝尔奖是为了表彰那些“让人先发笑，然后思考”的科学研究，即有趣但又有启发性的科学研究。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据Not as old as you think中“Saul Justin Newman from the UK found almost 80 percent of the people over 110 years old have no birth certificate. In the US, over 500 people claim to be over 110, but only seven have birth certificates.( 来自英国的索尔·贾斯汀·纽曼发现，近80%的110岁以上老人没有出生证明。在美国，超过500人声称自己超过110岁，但只有7人有出生证明)”以及“So the number of very old people might be exaggerated. Some people may even be lying about their birth for more pension.( 因此，高龄老人的数量可能被夸大了。有些人甚至可能为了更多的养老金而谎报自己的出生)”可知，世界上声称年龄很大的人中有很大一部分无法证明自己的真实年龄，这可能是导致世界上非常年长的人数增加的一个原因。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据“Side effect”of side effects中“The scientists found that those taking the second type of medicine reported less pain. They had felt the burning and took it as a sign of the medicine “working”.( 科学家们发现，服用第二种药物的人报告的疼痛更少。他们感到了灼烧感，并认为这是药物“起作用”的标志)”可知，通过对志愿者进行“副作用”实验，科学家发现药物的副作用会让人们认为药物起作用了。故选D项。 （2025·上海松江·二模）（B） Thank you for your interest in becoming a homeowner with Habitat. Habitat is committed to providing qualified households with the opportunity for affordable homeownership. We follow an equal policy of homebuyer selection and are accountable to mortgage (按揭贷款) lending laws. We manage the homeowner selection and approval process at the local level. Qualified homebuyers must be: In need of safe, affordable housingApplicants may be dealing with substandard housing that is poorly built, damaged, or inaccessible due to disabilities. Low-income or moderate-incomeHousehold income must not go over 60% of the area average income defined annually by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Able and willing to pay an affordable mortgageHabitat ensures that the monthly mortgage payments do not go beyond 30% of the homebuyer’s monthly income. Willing to partner with HabitatOnce selected, homebuyers must partner with Habitat throughout the process. This partnership includes performing “sweat equity”, such as conducting construction work on their home or another family’s home, clearing build sites to make way for new construction, writing thank-you cards to local donors and so on. The following is an overview of the homeownership process： Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 1: ... Step 2: ... Step 3: ... Step 4: ... Step 5: Homebuyers complete the paperwork for a mortgage, which ends with their signature. Step 6: Once all of the forms are signed and all of the construction is complete, it’s time to move in and celebrate! 1．The main purpose of Habitat is to ______. A．apply for bank loans for those in need of home B．build houses with the help of future homeowners C．offer houses to families with low or moderate income D．enable affordable homeownership for specific families 2．What can be learned from the passage? A．Low-wage workers may have little chance of being selected by Habitat. B．Homebuyers can partner with Habitat by performing construction work. C．Those who want to improve living conditions should become Habitat’s partners. D．That monthly mortgage payment takes 25% of the area average income is acceptable. 3．What is the correct order of the four missing steps in the process? ① Local Habitat staff and volunteers carefully review each family’s application packet and present their recommendations to the local board of directors. ② There are information sessions where potential homeowners can learn about their homeownership program, ask questions and make connections. ③ Habitat staff make a home visit to hear more about a potential future homeowner’s desire to partner with Habitat. ④ If a family feels Habitat’s homeownership program is the right fit for them, they apply locally during an open application period. A．②④③① B．②①④③ C．①④③② D．①②④③ 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Habitat为符合条件的家庭提供经济适用房所有权机会的相关内容。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Habitat is committed to providing qualified households with the opportunity for affordable homeownership. (Habitat致力于为符合条件的家庭提供负担得起的房屋所有权的机会。)”可知，其目的为符合条件的家庭提供经济适用房所有权的机会，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据Willing to partner with Habitat中的“Once selected, homebuyers must partner with Habitat throughout the process. This partnership includes performing “sweat equity”, such as conducting construction work on their home or another family’s home, clearing build sites to make way for new construction, writing thank-you cards to local donors and so on. (一旦被选中，购房者必须在整个过程中和Habitat合作。这种伙伴关系包括执行“血汗权益”，例如在他们的家或另一个家庭的家里进行建筑工作，清理建筑工地为新建筑让路，给当地捐助者写感谢卡等等。)”可知，购房者可以通过进行建筑工作与Habitat合作，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据图片可知首先应该是有信息发布会，让潜在购房者了解项目，所以②“有信息会议，潜在的房主可以了解他们的房屋所有权计划，提出问题并建立联系。”应为第一步；根据图片可知如果家庭觉得合适，就在开放申请期申请，所以④“如果一个家庭觉得Habitat的房屋所有权计划适合他们，他们可以在公开申请期间在当地申请。”应为第二步；根据图片可知接着Habitat工作人员会家访，所以③“Habitat的工作人员进行家访，以更多地了解潜在的未来房主与Habitat合作的愿望。”应是第三步；根据图片可知最后工作人员和志愿者审核申请并提交给董事会，所以①“当地Habitat的工作人员和志愿者仔细审查每个家庭的申请材料，并向当地董事会提交他们的建议。”应是第四步，故选A。 （2025·上海黄浦·二模）The MZH Alumni Executive Mentor (校友导师) ProgramProgram Background The MZH Global Alumni Programs and MZH Shanghai’s Center for Career Development (CCD) launched this program in 2014. The goal is to build up a lively alumni-student mentorship program that recognizes our alumni’s professional achievement while helping current MZH Shanghai students get knowledge, information and perspectives from the real world and receive guidance from mentors on their future career plans.Highlights ●Increase specific industry knowledge and enhance professional communication skills by interacting with director-level mentors from various industries such as financial services, legal services, technology, media and communication. ●Broaden real-world culture perspectives and improve understanding of workplace including China, Singapore, New York and others. ●Gain support from a growing alumni network and a community of mentors and mentees from across the Globe. ●Empower personal journey and cultivate potential for career desires in Asian Pacific’s dynamic landscape.Mentee Application ●Who can apply ◇MZH Shanghai second year students, or MZH and MZH Abu Dhabi Students currently studying away in Shanghai ◇Student must be in Good Academic Standing ◇Student must be in Shanghai for the whole academic year (Fall Semester+Spring Semester) ●What to prepare ◇One-page English Resume ◇500-word Personal Statement & 5-min Personal Video (program motivation and career desires) ◇Application Form including your mentor choice and reasons (link and mentor profile will be given in September) ●How to apply Application starts in September. Applicants need to complete the online application form. Please stay tuned to CCD emails (shanghai.carccrdevelopment@MZH.edu) and WeChat (ID: MZHShanghaiCCD). Successful applicants will be selected for the program and introduced to their alumni mentor via email by late October. 1．Which of the following is an aim of The MZH Alumni Executive Mentor Program? A．Building up a lively atmosphere on campus. B．Offering alumni job opportunities at MZH Shanghai. C．Providing students with real-world insights and career advice. D．Relating students to alumni who performed well academically. 2．How can mentees benefit from the program? A．They can win the chance for overseas journeys. B．They can expand their global cultural viewpoints. C．They can get job offers in international corporations. D．They can enhance their communication with other mentees. 3．Applicants can know about the requirements for ________ from Mentee Application. ①academic performance ②age ③application materials ④channel of application ⑤deadline of application ⑥nationality A．①③④⑤ B．②③⑤⑥ C．①②③⑤ D．①②④⑥ 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了MZH校友导师项目，该项目旨在通过校友导师为学生提供现实行业知识和职业指导，帮助其拓宽全球文化视野，并说明了申请资格与流程。 1．细节理解题。根据Program Background部分中“The goal is to build up a lively alumni-student mentorship program that recognizes our alumni’s professional achievement while helping current MZH Shanghai students get knowledge, information and perspectives from the real world and receive guidance from mentors on their future career plans. (目标是建立一个充满活力的校友—学生导师计划，既认可校友的职业成就，同时帮助目前就读于MZH上海的学生从现实世界中获取知识、信息和视角，并从导师那里获得未来职业规划的指导)”可知，为学生提供现实世界的见解和职业指导属于该计划的目标。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据Highlights部分中第二点“Broaden real-world culture perspectives and improve understanding of workplace including China, Singapore, New York and others. (拓展现实世界的文化视野，增进对中国、新加坡、纽约等地职场环境的理解)”可知，通过该项目，学员可以拓展全球文化视野。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据Mentee Application部分Who can apply下第二点“Student must be in Good Academic Standing (学生必须保持良好的学术成绩)”、What to prepare下三点“One-page English Resume (一页英文简历)”、“500-word Personal Statement & 5-min Personal Video (program motivation and career desires) (500词个人陈述及5分钟个人视频，需包含项目动机与职业规划)”、“Application Form including your mentor choice and reasons (link and mentor profile will be given in September) (申请表，需包含导师选择及理由，申请链接及导师简介将于九月提供)”以及How to apply中“Application starts in September. Applicants need to complete the online application form. Please stay tuned to CCD emails (shanghai.carccrdevelopment@MZH.edu) and WeChat (ID: MZHShanghaiCCD). Successful applicants will be selected for the program and introduced to their alumni mentor via email by late October. (申请将于9月开始。申请人需完成在线申请表。请密切关注CCD邮件(shanghai.carccrdevelopment@MZH.edu)和微信(ID：MZHShanghaiCCD)通知。成功入选的申请者将被纳入该计划，并于十月底前通过电子邮件与校友导师进行对接)”可知，申请要求中涉及学术表现、申请材料、申请渠道和申请截止时间。故选A项。 （2025·上海长宁·二模）Less plastic in your food Limiting exposure to phthalates (酞酸盐) isn’t as simple as avoiding particular types of packaging, because these chemicals can enter your food long before it is packaged. Maricel Maffini, a chemical safety expert, states that while manufacturers and regulators should ensure food safety, consumers can also take measures to reduce their exposure to plastic-related chemicals. Here are six steps. Avoid plastic food storage containers. If you do use them, don’t heat them in the microwave, and avoid using them to store hot food, because heat can increase leaching (渗出). And keep your food below the top of the container to avoid contact with the lid or cover, which are often plastic. Steer clear of fast foods. Plasticizers in fast food are a cause for concern. Our tests detected some of the highest levels of phthalates and their alternatives in fast food. One possible reason could be that fast food is frequently prepared by workers wearing plastic gloves, which are known to be rich in these substances. Limit high-fat foods. Fast foods are often high in fat, and some research has shown that foods with higher fat content tend to have more plasticizers. For instance, a 2020 review reported that certain chemicals in cream were often five to ten times higher than they were in milk. Eat fresh, minimally processed food. Ensure your diet includes plenty of unpackaged fruits and vegetables, as they have fewer opportunities to come into contact with phthalates. A study based on 2013 to 2014 data found that those who ate more highly processed foods had higher levels of certain phthalate byproducts in their human waste. Choose wood and stainless (不锈) steel for kitchen tools. Cutting up on a plastic cutting board can generate microplastics, so consider using a wooden board instead. Some plastic uses are probably riskier than others — putting hot food into a plastic bowl and using plastic wrap for leftovers may expose you more than giving your lettuce a quick dry in a plastic drying tool, for example. Use water bottles made of glass or steel. Avoid plastic bottles and cups, which are often made with harmful substances. Carrying around your own stainless steel straws helps you get rid of plastic ones and reduce waste. 1．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Non-plastic cutting surfaces decrease the release of tiny pieces. B．Fat-rich foods naturally contain higher plasticizer concentrations. C．Fast food workers’ health problem is a hidden contributor to food pollution. D．Diets full of processed foods correlate with increased traces of blood pressure. 2．You are planning to pack a lunch for school tomorrow. What will you probably do to make it healthier? A．Pack a salad in a glass container and carry a stainless steel water bottle. B．Keep sausages in a plastic lunchbox for heating in a microwave oven. C．Wrap ready-made dishes in plastic film and take a glass water bottle. D．Put fried chicken wings and hot dogs in a throwaway paper bag. 3．What can be concluded from the passage? A．Plastic-free food preparation is ideal for ecological safety. B．Choosing unpackaged foods can erase plasticizer exposure risks. C．Daily habits can significantly affect exposure to harmful chemicals. D．Government regulations are the main way to reduce plastic-related risks. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了消费者可以采取的减少接触与塑料相关化学物质的六种方法，以减少其在食物中的摄入，从而降低健康风险。 1．细节理解题。根据Limit high-fat foods部分“Fast foods are often high in fat, and some research has shown that foods with higher fat content tend to have more plasticizers. For instance, a 2020 review reported that certain chemicals in cream were often five to ten times higher than they were in milk.(快餐通常脂肪含量高，一些研究表明，脂肪含量较高的食物往往含有更多的增塑剂。例如，2020 年的一篇综述报告称，奶油中的某些化学物质含量通常是牛奶中的五到十倍。)”可知，高脂肪食物中往往含有更多的增塑剂，比如奶油中某些化学物质的含量比牛奶中高五到十倍，这说明富含脂肪的食物自然含有更高浓度的增塑剂。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据Avoid plastic food storage containers部分“If you do use them, don’t heat them in the microwave, and avoid using them to store hot food, because heat can increase leaching (渗出). And keep your food below the top of the container to avoid contact with the lid or cover, which are often plastic. (如果确实使用了它们，请勿在微波炉中加热，并且避免用它们来储存热的食物，因为热量会增加渗出。并且将食物放在容器顶部以下，以避免与通常是塑料材质的盖子或覆盖物接触。)”可知，应避免使用塑料食品储存容器。因此，A选项“Pack a salad in a glass container and carry a stainless steel water bottle.(用玻璃容器装沙拉并携带一个不锈钢水瓶)”符合健康饮食的做法。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。纵览全文，文章从避免使用塑料食品储存容器、避免吃快餐、限制高脂肪食物、吃新鲜和最少加工的食物、选择木制和不锈钢厨房工具、使用玻璃或钢制水瓶等六个方面介绍了消费者可以采取的减少接触与塑料相关化学物质的方法，这些都是日常生活习惯，说明日常生活习惯会显著影响接触有害化学物质的情况。故选C项。 难度分布 较易 适中 25 75 试卷第40页，共40页 试卷第39页，共40页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$