专题03 完形填空（16区二模真题速递）-【好题汇编】2025年高考英语二模试题分类汇编（上海专用）

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题03 完形填空（16区二模真题速递） 全篇题型分析 题号 难度系数 详细知识点 1 0.4 职业内容；社会问题与社会现象；说明文 2 0.4 方法/策略；哲理感悟；说明文 3 0.15 科普知识 ；社会问题与社会现象；说明文 4 0.4 科普知识 ；说明文 5 0.4 科普知识 ；说明文 6 0.4 职业内容；社会问题与社会现象；说明文 7 0.4 音乐与舞蹈；说明文；人工智能 8 0.4 科普知识 ；说明文 9 0.4 社会问题与社会现象；说明文 10 0.65 历史知识；说明文；茶文化 11 0.4 科普知识 ；说明文；人工智能 12 0.15 科普知识 ；说明文；语言变化及发展 13 0.4 科普知识 ；环境保护；说明文 14 0.4 科普知识 ；说明文 15 0.4 说明文；人工智能 16 0.65 社会问题与社会现象；说明文 （2025·上海长宁·二模）One of the quickest ways to get a job lately has been to announce on social media that you were laid off. Despite the overall strength of the job market, layoffs have been increasing in recent months. Companies in the entertainment, automotive, and financial industries, such as Netflix, Tesla, and JPMorgan Chase, have all announced layoffs, and more are 1 in the technology, aerospace, and travel sectors. However, many recently laid-off 2 are turning to social media platforms to share their experiences and seek new employment opportunities. What was once considered an embarrassing no-no has now become a(n) 3 move to show one’s toughness and readiness for new challenges. Nathan Felt, 4 , shared his layoff experience online after losing his position as a director of product design at Guaranteed Rate. He expressed a mix of disappointment and hope for the future, and provided a podcast discussing how 5 can lead to growth opportunities. His post, which did not 6 ask for a job, received numerous responses, including several job offers. He eventually started a new role as a product-design leader at Amazon. Career coaches advise job seekers to avoid 7 bitterness in their online posts. 8 , they suggest expressing gratitude for their previous employment and conveying eagerness for new opportunities. Liz Maupin, a marketing producer in Los Angeles, posted about her dismissal. She wrote, “If you hear of anything, I’m a lovely producer and am 9 about keeping working." Within 24 hours, she was flooded with responses, and one of them turned into a job offer, which she described as” 10 ". Others who have successfully found new jobs through social media emphasize the importance of providing 11 information, such as job titles, experience levels, and their value to a team. Sarah Nelson, who works in human resources, 12 her layoff from a San Francisco firm on a social media platform. She 13 in conversations with several companies. Recently she started a new remote job as a recruiter (招聘人员) with Dandy, an online dental lab platform, in Scottsdale, Ariz. Silvia Fuentes, who revealed her layoff last week, specified that she was seeking a mid-level digital product designer role. She included the phrase “hmu” (“hit me up”, meaning “contact me”) in her 14 for job opportunities. She was 15 by several professionals online in no time, and she has had a few initial conversations so far. 1．A．maintained B．advocated C．expected D．disciplined 2．A．receivers B．candidates C．individuals D．employers 3．A．risky B．false C．defensive D．strategic 4．A．on the whole B．in particular C．as a result D．for instance 5．A．shelters B．setbacks C．achievements D．promotions 6．A．directly B．gratefully C．randomly D．skillfully 7．A．generating B．displaying C．overcoming D．acknowledging 8．A．Instead B．Nevertheless C．Hence D．Meanwhile 9．A．flexible B．enthusiastic C．ambitious D．pessimistic 10．A．accidental B．irresistible C．controversial D．incredible 11．A．classified B．statistical C．detailed D．timely 12．A．publicized B．negotiated C．battled D．caused 13．A．specialized B．believed C．engaged D．intervened 14．A．request B．demand C．preference D．criterion 15．A．wrapped up B．logged out C．called off D．tracked down 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了面对市场的大规模裁员，许多最近被解雇的人转向社交媒体平台分享他们的经历，寻找新的就业机会的现象。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：娱乐、汽车和金融行业的公司，如Netflix、特斯拉和摩根大通，都宣布了裁员，预计科技、航空航天和旅游行业的裁员人数还会更多。A. maintained维持；B. advocated倡导；C. expected预期，期待；D. disciplined惩罚。根据上文“Companies in the entertainment, automotive, and financial industries, such as Netflix, Tesla, and JPMorgan Chase, have all announced layoffs, and more are”可知，娱乐、汽车和金融行业的公司都宣布了裁员，预计其他行业还有更多裁员。故选C。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，许多最近被解雇的人转向社交媒体平台分享他们的经历，寻找新的就业机会。A. receivers接受者；B. candidates候选人；C. individuals个人；D. employers雇主。上文提到了裁员，根据后文“are turning to social media platforms to share their experiences and seek new employment opportunities”可知求职的是被裁员的个人。故选C。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：曾经被认为是令人尴尬的禁忌，现在已经成为一种展示自己的韧性和迎接新挑战的战略举措。A. risky冒险的；B. false错误的；C. defensive防御的；D. strategic策略的。根据后文“move to show one’s toughness and readiness for new challenges”可知，人们在社交平台上求职，是一种被裁员后的战略举措，可以展示自己的韧性和迎接新挑战。故选D。 4．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，内森·费尔特在失去了Guaranteed Rate产品设计总监的职位后，在网上分享了他的裁员经历。A. on the whole总体而言；B. in particular特别地；C. as a result因此；D. for instance例如。此处主要是通过Nathan Felt来对这种求职方式进行举例。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他表达了对未来的失望和希望，并提供了一个播客，讨论挫折如何带来成长机会。A. shelters收容所；B. setbacks挫折；C. achievements成就；D. promotions晋升。根据上文“shared his layoff experience”可知，他被裁员了，所以是讨论挫折如何带来成长机会。故选B。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的帖子没有直接要求工作，但收到了许多回复，其中包括几份工作邀请。A. directly直接地；B. gratefully感激地；C. randomly随机地；D. skillfully熟练地。根据上文“He expressed a mix of disappointment and hope for the future, and provided a podcast discussing how”可知，他表达了对未来的失望和希望，并提供了一个播客，讨论挫折如何带来成长机会，即没有直接要求工作。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：职业教练建议求职者不要在自己的网络帖子中表现出苦涩。A. generating产生；B. displaying展示；C. overcoming克服；D. acknowledging承认。根据后文“they suggest expressing gratitude for their previous employment and conveying eagerness for new opportunities”可知，职业教练建议不要在帖子中展示出自己的苦涩，故选B。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们建议表达对以前工作的感激之情，并表达对新机会的渴望。A. Instead反而；B. Nevertheless然而；C. Hence因此；D. Meanwhile同时。上文提到建议求职者不要在自己的网络帖子中表现出苦涩，与后文“they suggest expressing gratitude for their previous employment and conveying eagerness for new opportunities”为转折关系，用instead。故选A。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她写道：“如果你有所耳闻，我是一个可爱的制片人，我对继续工作充满热情。”A. flexible灵活的；B. enthusiastic热情的；C. ambitious有抱负的；D. pessimistic悲观的。根据后文“about keeping working”可知，她说自己对继续工作充满热情，呼应了上文“conveying eagerness for new opportunities”表达了对新机会的渴望。故选B。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在24小时内，她收到了大量回复，其中一封变成了工作邀请，她形容这“令人难以置信”。A. accidental意外的；B. irresistible无法抗拒的；C. controversial有争议的；D. incredible难以置信的。根据上文“Within 24 hours, she was flooded with responses, and one of them turned into a job offer”可知，24小时内就收到了工作邀请，她形容这“令人难以置信”。故选D。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他通过社交媒体成功找到新工作的人强调提供详细信息的重要性，比如职位、经验水平以及他们对团队的价值。A. classified分类的；B. statistical统计的；C. detailed详细的；D. timely及时的。根据后文“such as job titles, experience levels, and their value to a team”可知，应该提供详细信息，故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在人力资源部门工作的萨拉·纳尔逊在社交媒体平台上公布了自己被旧金山一家公司解雇的消息。A. publicized公布；B. negotiated协商；C. battled战斗；D. caused造成。根据后文“her layoff from a San Francisco firm on a social media platform”指萨拉·纳尔逊在社交媒体平台上公布了自己被旧金山一家公司解雇的消息。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她与几家公司进行了洽谈。A. specialized专门研究；B. believed相信；C. engaged参与；D. intervened干涉。根据后文“in conversations with several companies”指参与了几家公司的对话中，用engage in。故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在求职申请中使用了“hmu”（hit me up，意思是“联系我”）这个短语。A. request要求；B. demand需要；C. preference偏爱；D. criterion标准。根据上文“Silvia Fuentes, who revealed her layoff last week, specified that she was seeking a mid-level digital product designer role.(西尔维娅·富恩特斯上周透露了自己被解雇的消息，她明确表示自己正在寻找一个中级数字产品设计师的职位)”可知，西尔维娅·富恩特斯失业了，所以需要工作机会，即求职申请，故选A。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：几位专业人士很快就在网上找到了她，到目前为止，她已经有了几次初步的交谈。A. wrapped up结束；B. logged out注销；C. called off取消；D. tracked down追踪。根据后文“by several professionals online in no time”可知，她在网上发布了求职申请，几位专业人士很快就在网上找到了她，故选D。 （2025·上海黄浦·二模）Tragic optimism, which means finding meaning and maintaining hope despite inevitable pain, loss and suffering, is a crucial life skill. There are three tragedies that everyone faces. The first tragedy is 1 pain, because we are made of flesh and bone. The second is guilt, because we have the freedom to make choices and thus feel responsible when things don’t go our way. The third is loss, because we must face the reality that everything we value is 2 , including our own lives. Tragic optimism means acknowledging, accepting and even expecting that life will contain hardship and hurt, then doing everything we can to move forward with a 3 attitude anyway. It recognizes that one cannot be happy by trying to be happy all the time, or worse yet, 4 we ought to be. Rather, tragic optimism holds space for the full range of human experience and emotion, giving us 5 to feel happiness and sadness, hope and fear, loss and possibility — sometimes in the same day, and even in the same hour. Tragic optimism does not encourage 6 seeking out or romanticizing misery. Not everything has to be meaningful; sometimes things are just 7 . Instead, tragic optimism realizes the inevitability of 8 but also that we ourselves can determine how we face it. Difficult moments often lead to extreme behaviors: what’s now known as 9 positivity on the one hand — tricking ourselves that everything is great — or extreme negativity and desperation on the other. Both 10 us of doing anything about the situation. Extreme optimism and unrealistic belief, at root, 11 that anything is wrong; and if nothing is wrong, there is nothing to worry about and nothing to change. Extreme negativity and desperation are so harsh that they essentially say that any action would be 12 . Between these two poles exists a third way: 13 wise hope and wise action. Wise hope and wise action ask us to 14 a situation and see it clearly for what it is, and then gather the strength, courage and resolve to focus on what we can control. We remind ourselves that we have faced challenges before. We continue because to stand still is not a(n) 15 . 1．A．constant B．mental C．physical D．sudden 2．A．impermanent B．irresistible C．unbelievable D．unrealistic 3．A．critical B．flexible C．positive D．sympathetic 4．A．assuming B．complaining C．rejecting D．warning 5．A．memory B．motives C．permission D．rewards 6．A．actively B．hesitantly C．initially D．materialistically 7．A．awful B．beneficial C．relevant D．unnoticed 8．A．conflict B．departure C．romance D．suffering 9．A．balanced B．blind C．conditional D．infectious 10．A．accuse B．free C．inform D．remind 11．A．confirm B．deny C．imply D．recognize 12．A．pointless B．preventive C．successful D．violent 13．A．committing to B．fighting against C．participating in D．reflecting on 14．A．accept B．create C．exploit D．mask 15．A．beginning B．example C．option D．trend 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．B 11．B 12．A 13．A 14．A 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了每个人都要面对三种悲剧以及悲剧乐观主义的特点和应对挑战的方式。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第一个悲剧是身体上的痛苦，因为我们是骨肉构成的。A. constant持续的；B. mental心理的；C. physical身体的；D. sudden突然的。根据后文“because we are made of flesh and bone”可知，因为是骨肉构成的，所以是指身体上的痛苦。故选C。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第三是失去，因为我们必须面对现实，我们所珍视的一切都是无常的，包括我们自己的生命。A. impermanent无常的，暂时的；B. irresistible无法抗拒的；C. unbelievable难以置信的；D. unrealistic不现实的。根据上文“The third is loss”以及后文“including our own lives”可知，第三种悲剧是失去，因为一切，包括我们的生命都是无常的，最终都会失去。故选A。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：悲剧乐观主义意味着承认、接受甚至期待生活中会有困难和伤害，然后尽我们所能以积极的态度继续前进。A. critical重要的；B. flexible灵活的；C. positive积极的；D. sympathetic同情的。根据第一句“Tragic optimism, which means finding meaning and maintaining hope despite inevitable pain, loss and suffering, is a crucial life skill.(悲剧性乐观是一项至关重要的生活技能，它意味着在不可避免的痛苦、损失和苦难中寻找意义并保持希望)”可知，悲观乐观主义接纳困难和伤害，然后用积极的态度继续前进。故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它认识到，一个人不可能一直努力快乐，或者更糟的是，认为我们应该快乐。A. assuming认为；B. complaining投诉；C. rejecting拒绝；D. warning警告。根据上文“one cannot be happy by trying to be happy all the time”以及后文“we ought to be”可知，没有人可以一直快乐，更糟的是，认为人就是应该快乐，强迫自己无时无刻都在快乐着，assume强调主观认为，符合语境。故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，悲剧乐观主义为人类所有的经历和情感提供了空间，允许我们感受快乐和悲伤，希望和恐惧，失去和可能性——有时在同一天，甚至在同一个小时。A. memory记忆；B. motives动机；C. permission许可；D. rewards奖励。根据上文“tragic optimism holds space for the full range of human experience and emotion”可知，悲观乐观主义接纳所有情感，即悲观乐观主义允许我们感受快乐和悲伤，希望和恐惧，失去和可能性。故选C。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：悲剧性乐观主义不鼓励积极地寻找痛苦或将痛苦浪漫化。A. actively积极地；B. hesitantly犹豫地；C. initially起初；D. materialistically在唯物论上。根据后文“seeking out or romanticizing misery”以及“Not everything has to be meaningful”可知，悲剧性乐观主义认为并非所有内容都必须有意义，说明这种主义不鼓励积极地寻找痛苦或将痛苦浪漫化，也不认为一切都要有意义。故选A。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：并非所有内容都必须有意义；有时候事情就是很糟糕。A. awful糟糕的，可怕的；B. beneficial有益的；C. relevant有关的；D. unnoticed被忽视的。根据上文“Tragic optimism does not encourage…seeking out or romanticizing misery.”可知，悲观乐观主义不鼓励积极地寻找痛苦或将痛苦浪漫化，说明承认有些事情就是很糟糕。故选A。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，悲剧乐观主义意识到痛苦是不可避免的，但我们自己也可以决定如何面对它。A. conflict冲突；B. departure离开；C. romance浪漫；D. suffering苦难。根据后文“Difficult moments often lead to extreme behaviors”可知，此处指的是遭遇痛苦或困难时刻不可避免。故选D。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：困难时刻往往会导致极端的行为：一方面是现在所知的盲目乐观——欺骗自己一切都很好——另一方面是极端的消极和绝望。A. balanced平衡的；B. blind看不见的；C. conditional有条件的；D. infectious传染的。根据后文“tricking ourselves that everything is great”可知，欺骗自己一切都很好，是一种盲目乐观的表现。故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两种行为都使我们不必对这种情况采取任何行动。A. accuse控告；B. free免于，释放；C. inform通知；D. remind提醒。上文“Difficult moments often lead to extreme behaviors: what’s now known as…positivity on the one hand — tricking ourselves that everything is great — or extreme negativity and desperation on the other.”提到困难时刻往往会导致极端的行为，盲目乐观和极端的消极和绝望，这两种行为最后都会导致对现实不作为，此处为短语free sb. of表示“使某人免于”。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：极端乐观主义和不切实际的信念，从根本上说，就是否认有问题；如果没有什么问题，那就没什么好担心的，也没什么要改变的。A. confirm确认；B. deny否认；C. imply暗示；D. recognize认出。根据后文“that anything is wrong; and if nothing is wrong, there is nothing to worry about and nothing to change”可知，极端乐观主义和不切实际的信念会否认有问题存在，所以不用担心和改变。故选B。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：极端的消极和绝望是如此残酷，以至于他们本质上说任何行动都是毫无意义的。A. pointless无意义的；B. preventive预防的；C. successful成功的；D. violent暴力的。根据上文“if nothing is wrong, there is nothing to worry about and nothing to change.”可知，极端乐观主义和不切实际的信念否认有问题；如果没有什么问题，那就没什么好担心的，也没什么要改变的，那么对于这两种人来说认可行动都是毫无意义的。故选A。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这两个极端之间还有第三条路：坚持明智的希望和明智的行动。A. committing to坚持，投入；B. fighting against作斗争；C. participating in参加；D. reflecting on反思。根据后文“wise hope and wise action”以及“a situation and see it clearly for what it is, and then gather the strength, courage and resolve to focus on what we can control”主要阐释了第三条路，即坚持坚持明智的希望和明智的行动。故选A。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：明智的希望和明智的行动要求我们接受一种情况，清楚地看到它的本质，然后聚集力量，勇气和决心，专注于我们可以控制的事情。A. accept接受；B. create创造；C. exploit剥削；D. mask掩饰。根据后文“a situation and see it clearly for what it is”可知，先接受一种情况，才能清楚地看到本质。故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们继续前进，因为停滞不前不是一种选择。A. beginning开始；B. example例子；C. option选择；D. trend趋势。根据上文“We continue because to stand still”可知，面对挑战要继续前进，因为没有别的选择。故选C。 （2025·上海杨浦·二模）“Honesty is the best policy” is a common saying, but in many situations, people do not want to hear the truth. Whether it’s a fact of life that they 1 were otherwise or a criticism of their behavior, everyone has truths that they want to ignore. These truths are called truth bombs, especially when they are told in a 2 way. This comparison shows that truth can cause damage if not handled well. Sometimes we drop truth bombs out of anger. We may 3 our words by saying that we need to express our emotions or to help the other person change their ways. But often we use the truth as a(n) 4 to make the other person feel bad and to repay them for what they did. Truth bombs rarely lead to productive discussion because they cause a 5 reaction. The receiver may 6 the criticism or counter it with a truth bomb of their own. Truth bombs also often fail to represent the whole truth. Anger can make it difficult to see the big picture, leading to an 7 misrepresentation of the truth. Sometimes people do need to hear hard truths. Pretending that problems do not 8 can weaken trust just as much as dropping truth bombs can. And failing to address problems in relationships can lead to hatred, which may 9 boil over into conflict. But it is possible to 10 truth without turning it into a bomb. Here are some ways to do that: ● Pay attention to timing. It is often helpful to give the person some advance 11 so they have time to mentally prepare. ● Ask questions. Don’t make 12 about people’ s motivation, but ask them the reasons for their actions. Also ask if there are problems that are 13 their mistakes that you could help with. These questions will help you grasp the situation more fully, and the recipient may accept the criticism more easily. ● Be as specific as possible about the problem. Avoid sweeping statements and generalizations that use terms such as “ 14 ” and “never.” By presenting truth and addressing problems in a constructive way, you can strengthen relationships and avoid the emotional 15 . 1．A．declare B．wish C．foresee D．show 2．A．friendly B．logical C．harsh D．concrete 3．A．repeat B．justify C．digest D．misuse 4．A．anchor B．trial C．pattern D．weapon 5．A．defensive B．positive C．creative D．comparative 6．A．accept B．analyze C．encounter D．reject 7．A．accidental B．additional C．intentional D．external 8．A．disappear B．swing C．exist D．pause 9．A．eventually B．regularly C．equally D．violently 10．A．spread B．stretch C．communicate D．cover 11．A．planning B．warning C．training D．modelling 12．A．inquiries B．confessions C．assumptions D．adjustments 13．A．mixing with B．putting off C．setting out D．contributing to 14．A．always B．relatively C．perhaps D．initially 15．A．response B．damage C．support D．experience 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了“真相炸弹”这一概念，分析了人们为何会说出真相炸弹，以及真相炸弹带来的负面影响。文章还提出了一些建设性的方法来传达真相，以避免其变成“炸弹”。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论是他们希望并非如此的生活事实，还是对他们行为的批评，每个人都有自己想要忽略的真相。A. declare宣布、声明；B. wish希望；C. foresee预见；D. show展示。根据上文““Honesty is the best policy” is a common saying, but in many situations, people do not want to hear the truth.”可知，人们并不想听到真相。由此可知，人们希望生活中的某些事实是另外一种样子。故选B。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些真相被称为“真相炸弹”，尤其是当它们以一种严厉的方式被说出的时候。A. friendly友好的；B. logical逻辑的、合理的；C. harsh严厉的；D. concrete具体的。根据下文“This comparison shows that truth can cause damage if not handled well.”可知，这种被称为“真相炸弹”的真相如果处理不好会造成伤害，所以应该是用一种严厉的方式说出。故选C。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们可能会为自己的话辩解，称我们需要表达自己的情感，或者是为了帮助对方改变他们的行为方式。A. repeat重复；B. justify证明……是正当的、为……辩护；C. digest消化、理解；D. misuse滥用。根据下文“by saying that we need to express our emotions or to help the other person change their ways”可知，我们会通过一些理由来证明我们说的话是合理的。故选B。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但通常我们把真相当作一种“武器”，用来让对方感到难受，并报复他们所做的事情。A. anchor抛锚停泊、锚；B. trial审判、试验；C. pattern模式、图案；D. weapon武器。根据下文“make the other person feel bad and to repay them for what they did”可知，我们经常把真相当作一种让别人感觉不好并报复他们的武器。故选D。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“真相炸弹”很少能引发富有成效的讨论，因为它们会引发一种防御性的反应。A. defensive防御的；B. positive积极的；C. creative创造性的；D. comparative比较的、相对的。根据下文“The receiver may ___6___ the criticism or counter it with a truth bomb of their own.”可知，接受者会进行回击，由此可知，“真相炸弹”会引发一种防御性的反应。故选A。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：接受者可能会拒绝这种批评，或者用他们自己的“真相炸弹”予以回击。A. accept接受；B. analyze分析；C. encounter遭遇；D. reject拒绝。根据上文内容可知，“真相炸弹”会引发一种防御性的反应；再根据下文“counter it with a truth bomb of their own”可知，接受者会拒绝这种批评。故选D。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：愤怒会让人难以看清全局，从而导致对真相的意外歪曲。A. accidental偶然的、无意的，意外的；B. additional额外的、附加的；C. intentional故意的；D. external外部的、外面的。根据上文“Anger can make it difficult to see the big picture”可知，愤怒会使我们很难看到全局，从而导致对真相不小心的、无意地曲解，愤怒让人看不清事实，所以歪曲的事实是无意的。故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：假装问题不存在，这对信任的削弱程度，与抛出“真相炸弹”一样严重。A. disappear消失；B. swing摇摆；C. exist存在；D. pause停顿。根据下文“can weaken trust just as much as dropping truth bombs can”可推测，假装问题不存在会像扔出真相炸弹一样削弱信任。故选C。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：而且，如果不解决人际关系中的问题，可能会导致仇恨，而仇恨最终可能会激化成为冲突。A. eventually最终；B. regularly定期地；C. equally平等地；D. violently猛烈地。根据上文“And failing to address problems in relationships can lead to hatred”可知，不解决关系中的问题会导致仇恨，这种仇恨可能最终会爆发为冲突。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们有可能在不把真相变成“炸弹”的情况下进行沟通。A. spread传播、展开；B. stretch伸展；C. communicate交流；D. cover报道、覆盖。根据下文“Here are some ways to do that”可知，有些方法能让我们在不把真相变成炸弹的情况下进行沟通。故选C。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：提前给对方一些警告通常是有帮助的，这样他们就有时间在心理上做好准备。A. planning计划、规划；B. warning警告；C. training培训、训练；D. modelling建模、模仿。根据下文“so they have time to mentally prepare”可推测，提前给对方一些警告可以让他们有时间在心理上做好准备。故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不要对人们的动机做假设，而是询问他们行动的原因。A. inquiries询问、调查；B. confessions坦白、供认；C. assumptions假设；D. adjustments调整。根据下文“but ask them the reasons for their actions”可知，不要对人们的动机做假设，而是询问他们行动的原因。故选C。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：同时也问问是否存在一些导致他们犯错的问题，而你可以帮忙解决。A. mixing with与……混合；B. putting off推迟、拖延；C. setting out出发、开始；D. contributing to做贡献、有助于，导致。根据空前的“problems”和空后的“their mistakes”可知，空处指的是导致犯错的问题。故选D。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：避免使用诸如“总是”和“从不”之类的一概而论的表述和概括。A. always总是；B. relatively相对地；C. perhaps或许；D. initially最初。根据上文“Avoid sweeping statements and generalizations”可知，要避免使用“总是”和“从不”这样的笼统表述。故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过以建设性的方式呈现真相并解决问题，你可以加强人际关系，并避免情感上的伤害。A. response回应；B. damage损害；C. support支持；D. experience经历、经验。根据上文“This comparison shows that truth can cause damage if not handled well.”可知，通过建设性的方式呈现真相和解决问题，可以加强关系，避免情感上的伤害。故选B。 （2025·上海徐汇·二模）Are noise-cancelling headphones damaging our hearing skills? Noise-cancelling headphones have become a popular choice for many, offering a way to block out background noise and letting us enjoy music at lower volumes. 1 , some experts are worried that using these headphones too much might make it harder for our brains to process sounds properly. Renee Almeida, an audiologist (听力学家), has noticed a small increase in adults coming to her clinic with 2 issues. They might fail to 3 where a sound is coming from, or struggle to follow a conversation on the train, in a bar or at a restaurant. The condition, known as auditory processing disorder (APD), is often diagnosed in children, so the rise in adults with similar issues struck Almeida as 4 . Almeida suspects that the widespread use of noise-cancelling headphones could be a 5 . She explains that our brains are used to dealing with thousands of different sounds at the same time and deciding which ones are worth paying attention to. 6 , when a dog barks outside, the brain quickly identifies the sound and dismisses it as unimportant. However, noise-cancelling headphones 7 the brain to a single source of sound, such as music or a podcast, potentially weakening its ability to process 8 sounds. Almeida also notes that the overuse of noise-cancelling headphones could harm the developmental process by which children learn to 9 sounds. For adults, it could make their brains lazy, just as muscles 10 without exercise. In both cases, people could struggle to distinguish speech from background noise. Despite these 11 , there is currently no scientific evidence proving that noise-cancelling headphones cause APD．Nor is there sufficient data showing a rise in the condition. But Almeida believes the question deserves attention. Prof. Dani Tomlin from the University of Melbourne 12 that people who use noise-cancelling headphones for long periods may find listening harder when they take them off. But she says “the 13 should not be overlooked”, for helping individuals to listen to music and movies on planes and trains. “Instead of suggesting 14 noise-cancelling headphones, we need more comprehensive research studies,” she adds. For now, Almeida recommends 15 like bone conduction headphones. She also encourages people to actively engage in listening exercises to maintain their auditory processing skills. 1．A．Instead B．Moreover C．Otherwise D．However 2．A．learning B．socializing C．hearing D．reading 3．A．indicate B．locate C．recall D．sustain 4．A．common B．raw C．odd D．predictable 5．A．primary stage B．contributing factor C．direct consequence D．temporary solution 6．A．For example B．In conclusion C．As a result D．On the contrary 7．A．expand B．reserve C．limit D．detect 8．A．multiple B．external C．unfamiliar D．inviting 9．A．clear away B．attend to C．tune out D．trace back 10．A．strengthen B．tighten C．weaken D．stimulate 11．A．concerns B．efforts C．threats D．trends 12．A．protests B．suspects C．acknowledges D．opposes 13．A．risks B．benefits C．requests D．costs 14．A．monitoring B．tolerating C．purchasing D．abandoning 15．A．alternatives B．restrictions C．opponents D．perspectives 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．C 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了降噪耳机对听力技能可能产生的负面影响，指出虽然目前没有科学证据证明降噪耳机会导致听觉处理障碍，但专家们对此表示关注，并建议进行更多研究。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，一些专家担心，过度使用这些耳机可能会使我们的大脑更难正确处理声音。A. Instead反而；B. Moreover此外；C. Otherwise否则；D. However然而。根据前文“Noise-cancelling headphones have become a popular choice for many, offering a way to block out background noise and letting us enjoy music at lower volumes.”和后文“some experts are worried that using these headphones too much might make it harder for our brains to process sounds properly.”可知，前后文之间是转折关系，因此用however。故选D。 2．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：听力学家Renee Almeida注意到，到她的诊所就诊的成年人中，听力问题有所增加。A. learning学习；B. socializing社交；C. hearing听力；D. reading阅读。根据后文“They might fail to __3___ where a sound is coming from, or struggle to follow a conversation on the train, in a bar or at a restaurant.”以及前文“Renee Almeida, an audiologist”可知，来她诊所的应该是有听力问题的人。故选C。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们可能无法确定声音的来源，或者在火车上、酒吧或餐厅里难以跟上对话。A. indicate表明；B. locate确定……的位置；C. recall回忆；D. sustain维持。根据后文“where a sound is coming from”可知，此处指确定声音来源。故选B。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种被称为听觉处理障碍的状况通常在儿童中被诊断出来，因此成年人中出现类似症状的情况增加让Almeida感到奇怪。A. common常见的；B. raw生的；C. odd奇怪的；D. predictable可预测的。根据前文“The condition, known as auditory processing disorder (APD), is often diagnosed in children”可知，这种状况通常在儿童中被诊断出来，因此成年人中出现类似症状的情况增加让Almeida感到奇怪。故选C。 5．考查名词短语辨析。句意：Almeida怀疑，降噪耳机的广泛使用可能是一个促成因素。A. primary stage初级阶段；B. contributing factor促成因素；C. direct consequence直接后果；D. temporary solution临时解决方案。根据前文“The rise in adults with similar issues”可知，此处指Almeida怀疑，降噪耳机的广泛使用可能是一个促成因素。故选B。 6．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，当一只狗在外面叫时，大脑会迅速识别出这个声音，并认为它不重要而忽略它。A. For example例如；B. In conclusion总之；C. As a result结果；D. On the contrary相反。根据后文“when a dog barks outside, the brain quickly identifies the sound and dismisses it as unimportant.”可知，此处是在举例说明。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，降噪耳机将大脑限制在单一的声音来源上，如音乐或播客，这可能会削弱其处理多种声音的能力。A. expand扩大；B. reserve保留；C. limit限制；D. detect检测。根据后文“the brain to a single source of sound, such as music or a podcast”可知，降噪耳机将大脑限制在单一的声音来源上。故选C。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，降噪耳机将大脑限制在单一的声音来源上，如音乐或播客，这可能会削弱其处理多种声音的能力。A. multiple多种的；B. external外部的；C. unfamiliar不熟悉的；D. inviting诱人的。根据前文“a single source of sound”可知，此处指可能会削弱其处理多种声音的能力。故选A。 9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Almeida还指出，过度使用降噪耳机可能会损害儿童学习处理声音的发育过程。A. clear away清除；B. attend to处理；C. tune out调低；D. trace back追溯。根据后文“sounds”可知，此处指处理声音。故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于成年人来说，这可能会让大脑变得懒惰，就像肌肉不锻炼就会变弱一样。A. strengthen加强；B. tighten收紧；C. weaken变弱；D. stimulate刺激。根据前文“make their brains lazy”可知，此处指肌肉不锻炼就会变弱。故选C。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管存在这些担忧，但目前还没有科学证据证明降噪耳机会导致听觉处理障碍。A. concerns担忧；B. efforts努力；C. threats威胁；D. trends趋势。根据前文“some experts are worried that using these headphones too much might make it harder for our brains to process sounds properly.”可知，此处指尽管存在这些担忧。故选A。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：墨尔本大学的Dani Tomlin教授承认，长时间使用降噪耳机的人可能会在摘下耳机后发现听力变得更困难。A. protests抗议；B. suspects怀疑；C. acknowledges承认；D. opposes反对。根据后文“people who use noise-cancelling headphones for long periods may find listening harder when they take them off.”可知，这是Dani Tomlin教授承认的内容。故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但她表示，“不应忽视其益处”，因为它有助于个人在飞机和火车上听音乐和电影。A. risks风险；B. benefits益处；C. requests请求；D. costs成本。根据后文“for helping individuals to listen to music and movies on planes and trains.”可知，此处指不应忽视其益处。故选B。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们不应该建议放弃降噪耳机，而是需要进行更全面的研究”，她补充道。A. monitoring监控；B. tolerating容忍；C. purchasing购买；D. abandoning放弃。根据后文“we need more comprehensive research studies”可知，此处指我们不应该建议放弃降噪耳机。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前，Almeida推荐使用骨传导耳机等替代品。A. alternatives替代品；B. restrictions限制；C. opponents对手；D. perspectives视角。根据后文“like bone conduction headphones”可知，此处指骨传导耳机等替代品。故选A。 （2025·上海青浦·二模）Compliments are no straightforward matter and require skills and knowledge. Done well, words of praise can be 1 for human relations at home and at work. But done poorly, compliments can be ineffective, even destructive. What follows is a research-based guide to tell you what kind of compliments are 2 . Whether the compliment is effective in 3 the other person depends on whether it is believable, appropriate, and unqualified. To begin with, a good compliment must not 4 with its recipient’s self-image. If you tell me my hair looks good, I will dismiss it and suspect your 5 , because I have no hair on the head. More generally, people with low self-esteem don’t usually receive compliments well, probably because the compliment does not ring true with their negative view of themselves, and so they 6 it. Even if a compliment agrees with one’s self-image, scholars writing in 2022 in Current Psychology concluded, it must meet three criteria to be accepted by its 7 . The praise must come from a person with credibility to give it, it must be sincere and unplanned, and it must occur in the appropriate 8 . Consider, for example, how you’d respond to an excessive compliment from a salesperson you’d never met about how smart you are when you’re 9 a particular purchase. You’d probably find that kind of compliment annoying, because the person doesn’t know you well enough to judge your true 10 and is simply praising you to make a sale. The compliment fails on all three counts: the praiser lacks credibility, their sincerity is suspect, and your willingness to spend money in a store is not a meaningful context for 11 your intelligence. Some compliments are not just ineffective; they actually cause harm. My Harvard colleagues have conducted research into backhanded praise, which puts someone down by comparing their good quality with a negative 12 . An example of a destructive compliment would be “You look pretty good for a guy with no hair on the head” — not that I’m insecure or anything — because this sets such a low 13 on the praise. Other ways to give negative praise include comparisons with past 14 (“This draft is certainly better than the last one”), with poor expectations (“Your work is better than I expected”), and with a conventional conception (“This work isn’t bad for a Yale graduate”). In their experiments, the authors found that the complimenters thought these backhanded comparisons were 15 , but both recipients and third-party observers disagreed. 1．A．universal B．efficient C．heartfelt D．comforting 2．A．showered B．preferred C．emphasized D．misinterpreted 3．A．stretching B．persuading C．uplifting D．understanding 4．A．conflict B．compete C．associate D．agree 5．A．crafts B．vision C．motives D．competence 6．A．discount B．defend C．reverse D．receive 7．A．image B．market C．status D．object 8．A．manner B．purchase C．order D．context 9．A．putting off B．leaning toward C．turning down D．pushing through 10．A．qualities B．intentions C．potentials D．tendencies 11．A．overestimating B．grading C．suspecting D．developing 12．A．comment B．equivalent C．impression D．standard 13．A．quantity B．profile C．ceiling D．reputation 14．A．draft B．anticipation C．trend D．failure 15．A．deliberate B．positive C．distressing D．specific 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．D 9．B 10．A 11．B 12．D 13．C 14．D 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何赞美他人并介绍了好的赞美的标准。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果做得好，赞美之词可以安慰家庭和工作中的人际关系。A. universal普遍的；B. efficient效率高的；C. heartfelt由衷的；D. comforting安慰的。根据上文“Done well”以及后文“But done poorly, compliments can be ineffective, even destructive.(但如果做得不好，赞美可能是无效的，甚至是破坏性的)”可知，此处是在说明赞美做得好会发挥好的作用，即可以安慰家庭和工作中的人际关系。故选D。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：以下是一份基于研究的指南，告诉你哪种赞美更受欢迎。A. showered淋浴；B. preferred偏爱；C. emphasized强调；D. misinterpreted曲解。根据后文“To begin with, a good compliment”以及“The praise must come from a person with credibility to give it”可知，后文主要讨论的是受人们偏爱喜爱的赞美方式。故选B。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：赞美是否有效地振奋了对方，取决于它是否可信、合适和不合格。A. stretching伸展；B. persuading说服；C. uplifting振奋；D. understanding理解。上文“Done well, words of praise can be…for human relations at home and at work.”提到赞美可以安慰人际关系，即赞美可以振奋别人的精神。故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，一个好的赞美不能与接受者的自我形象相冲突。A. conflict冲突；B. compete比赛；C. associate联系；D. agree同意。后文“If you tell me my hair looks good, I will dismiss it and suspect your…, because I have no hair on the head.”赞美没有头发的人头发好的例子表明，一个好的赞美不能与接受者的自我形象相冲突。故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你对我说我的头发很好看，我会不屑一顾，怀疑你的动机，因为我头上没有头发。A. crafts手艺；B. vision幻想；C. motives动机；D. competence能力。根据后文“because I have no hair on the head”可知，赞美没有头发的人头发好会让人怀疑动机，故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更普遍的是，低自尊的人通常不会很好地接受赞美，可能是因为赞美与他们对自己的负面看法不一致，所以他们不重视它。A. discount不重视，打折；B. defend防御；C. reverse逆转；D. receive收到。根据上文“people with low self-esteem don’t usually receive compliments well”指低自尊的人通常不会很好地接受赞美，即不重视赞美。故选A。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：学者们在2022年的《当代心理学》杂志上总结道，即使赞美符合一个人的自我形象，也必须满足三个标准才能被赞美的对象接受。A. image图片；B. market市场；C. status地位；D. object对象。根据上文“it must meet three criteria to be accepted by its”中it指的是赞美，所以是指被赞美对象所接受的赞美需要满足三个标准。故选D。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：表扬必须来自一个有信誉的人，必须是真诚的，没有计划的，而且必须发生在适当的背景下。A. manner礼貌；B. purchase购买；C. order订单；D. context背景。后文“Consider, for example, how you’d respond to an excessive compliment from a salesperson you’d never met about how smart you are when you’re…a particular purchase.”以及“a meaningful context for”买东西的例子主要体现了赞美必须发生在适当的背景下。故选D。 9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：举个例子，试想当一个你从未见过的销售人员说你在购买某件商品时很聪明时，你会作何反应。A. putting off推迟；B. leaning toward倾向于；C. turning down关小；D. pushing through完成。根据后文“a particular purchase”以及上文“salesperson”可知，此处指购物的时候倾向于买某一个商品。故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可能会觉得这种赞美很烦人，因为这个人不太了解你，无法判断你的真实品质，他只是为了推销你而赞美你。A. qualities品质；B. intentions意图；C. potentials潜能；D. tendencies趋势。根据上文“how you’d respond to an excessive compliment from a salesperson you’d never met about how smart you are”可知，指销售人员不了解你聪明的真实品质，只是为了推销你而赞美你。故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：赞美在这三个方面都失败了：赞美者缺乏可信度，他们的诚意值得怀疑，你在商店里花钱的意愿不是评价你智商的有意义的背景。A. overestimating高估；B. grading评价，定等级；C. suspecting怀疑；D. developing发展。根据后文“your intelligence”以及上文“how smart you are”可知，此处指你在商店里花钱的意愿不是评价你智商的有意义的背景。故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在哈佛的同事们对反讽式的赞美进行了研究，这种赞美是通过将某人的优秀品质与负面标准进行比较来贬低某人。A. comment评论；B. equivalent对等的事物；C. impression印象；D. standard标准。根据后文“This work isn’t bad for a Yale graduate(对于耶鲁毕业生来说，这项工作还不错)”可知，反讽式的赞美通过将某人的优秀品质与负面标准进行比较来贬低某人。故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：破坏性赞美的一个例子是“对于一个光头来说，你看起来很不错”——并不是说我没有安全感或其他什么——因为这给赞美设定了一个很低的上限。A. quantity数量；B. profile侧影；C. ceiling上限；D. reputation名誉。根据上文“An example of a destructive compliment would be “You look pretty good for a guy with no hair on the head” — not that I’m insecure or anything”可知，“对于一个光头来说，你看起来很不错”例子中为赞美设定了一个最低的上限，即赞美别人的光头。故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他给出负面赞扬的方式包括与过去的失败进行比较（“这一稿肯定比上一稿好”），与糟糕的期望进行比较（“你的工作比我预期的要好”），以及与传统观念进行比较（“对于耶鲁毕业生来说，这项工作还不错”）。A. draft草稿；B. anticipation期待；C. trend趋势；D. failure失败。后文“This draft is certainly better than the last one”体现了与过去的失败进行比较。故选D。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他们的实验中，作者发现赞美者认为这些反讽的比较是积极的，但接受者和第三方观察者都不同意。A. deliberate故意的；B. positive积极的；C. distressing悲伤的；D. specific特定的。根据后文“but both recipients and third-party observers disagreed”中but表示转折，说明赞美者认为这些反讽的比较是积极的，但接受者和第三方观察者都不同意。故选B。 （2025·上海宝山·二模）Unemployment is a significant problem in many developing countries. Without steady work, individuals 1 to rise out of poverty, and the community as a whole also misses out. Many unemployed people could have done much good through their labor if they had been given the opportunity to contribute. 2 , without opportunities for reasonable work, young people sometimes turn to crime and violence in order to provide for themselves. Thus, giving people opportunities to work is essential for the community’s well-being. Unemployment creates many different problems for communities. Encouraging people to start businesses is an effective way to reduce unemployment, and this can be done in several ways. Education plays a vital role in 3 people for certain jobs, but many young people find that even if they are 4 , the jobs are just not there. This was the situation that Rwandan entrepreneur Noel Nizeyimana faced. When he graduated from university with a degree in soil and environmental science, he sent out application after application but received no job offers, so he turned to creating his own business. With three of his colleagues, he founded Greencare Rwanda Ltd., a company that transforms waste into products that can be used for various purposes. 5 , one of the company’s programs processes waste and turns it into organic fertilizer used by local farmers. The company has also 6 into plastic recycling and produces paving materials from sand and plastic. Thus, Greencare Rwanda is providing materials for other industries as well. Greencare Rwanda Ltd was able to 7 the ground largely due to funds it received from the UN Youth Joint Programme. This program is a(n) 8 to reach the UN’s sustainable development goal of “decent work and economic growth.” The assistance 9 helped Greencare, which now produces 400 tons of fertilizer and 2,560 square meters of paving materials per year. It also employs 25 people, which shows that helping people start businesses provides work for more than just the person who receives the funds. All this raises the question of what more can be done to 10 young people to start their own businesses. Providing funds to cover the initial costs, as the UN Youth Joint Programme did for Nizeyimana, is certainly important as the starting costs for businesses can be 11 high. Governments are sometimes hesitant to provide funds to startups because success is not 12 . Starting a business is risky, and nobody wants to waste money, but experts 13 that governments should not impose (强加) too many requirements. Different regions will need different 14 , so trying to impose a set of one size fits all requirements can restrict growth rather than promote it. While there are other ways to address unemployment, 15 young business owners is one of the most effective — especially when those businesses produce goods that genuinely help local communities. 1．A．complain B．abandon C．struggle D．dislike 2．A．Less B．Better C．More D．Worse 3．A．equipping B．promoting C．persuading D．recognizing 4．A．accepted B．qualified C．recommended D．informed 5．A．For example B．In addition C．As a result D．Above all 6．A．changed B．adapted C．enriched D．expanded 7．A．put off B．give off C．get off D．take off 8．A．standard B．attempt C．consequence D．success 9．A．definitely B．positively C．negatively D．specifically 10．A．employ B．enable C．educate D．force 11．A．objectively B．subjectively C．automatically D．extremely 12．A．imitated B．predicted C．guaranteed D．achieved 13．A．warn B．command C．promise D．threaten 14．A．requirements B．approaches C．features D．advantages 15．A．charging B．forbidding C．permitting D．encouraging 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在许多发展中国家，失业是一个严重的问题，并通过卢旺达的一个创业案例说明支持年轻人创业是帮助减少失业、解决社区问题的有效途径。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果没有稳定的工作，个人很难摆脱贫困，整个社区也会被淘汰。A. complain抱怨；B. abandon遗弃；C. struggle艰难地行进，吃力地进行；D. dislike不喜欢。根据“Without steady work”和常识可知，没有稳定的工作个人应是很难摆脱贫困，struggle to do sth“艰难地做某事”，故选C。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，由于没有合理工作的机会，年轻人有时会为了养活自己而走上犯罪和暴力的道路。A. Less更少地；B. Better更好地；C. More更多地；D. Worse更糟糕地。根据“young people sometimes turn to crime and violence”可知，此处和上文是递进关系，描述失业可能导致的更严重的问题，Worse符合语境，故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：教育在使人们胜任某些工作方面起着至关重要的作用，但许多年轻人发现，即使他们符合资格，也找不到工作。A. equipping使有能力；B. promoting促进，推销；C. persuading说服；D. recognizing认识，识别。结合空格所在句子中“Education”和“people for certain jobs”可知，接受教育会让人们能胜任某些工作，故选A。 4．考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. accepted接受；B. qualified符合资格的；C. recommended推荐；D. informed有见识的。结合上文提到教育以及空前的“even if”可知，此处指即使自身符合资格，也找不到工作，故选B。 5．考查固定短语辨析。句意：例如，该公司的一个项目是处理废物，将其转化为当地农民使用的有机肥料。A. For example例如；B. In addition此外；C. As a result因此，结果；D. Above all最重要的是。上文“a company that transforms waste into products that can be used for various purposes”提到该公司是一家将废物转化为可用于各种用途的产品的公司，下文是对其业务举例说明，故选A。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司还扩展到塑料回收和用沙子和塑料生产铺路材料。A. changed改变；B. adapted适应；C. enriched使丰富；D. expanded扩大。上文“a company that transforms waste into products that can be used for various purposes”提到该公司将废物转化为可用于各种用途的产品，结合空后“plastic recycling and produces paving materials from sand and plastic.”可知，该公司扩大了业务，故选D。 7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：卢旺达绿色关怀有限公司之所以能够起步，很大程度上要归功于它从联合国青年联合方案获得的资金。A. put off推迟；B. give off散发，发出；C. get off下车；D. take off脱掉。根据上文提到该公司的项目以及空后“due to funds it received from the UN Youth Joint Programme”可知，因为获得了资金，所以该公司才得以启动，get off the ground“启动，开始实施”，故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该项目旨在实现联合国“体面工作和经济增长”的可持续发展目标。A. standard标准；B. attempt企图，试图；C. consequence结果；D. success成功。根据下文“to reach the UN’s sustainable development goal”可知，此处指该项目实现联合国的可持续发展目标，故选B。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这笔援助确实帮助了Greencare，该公司现在每年生产400吨化肥和2560平方米的铺路材料。A. definitely肯定，确实；B. positively积极地；C. negatively消极地；D. specifically专门，特别地。根据下文“which now produces 400 tons of fertilizer and 2,560 square meters of paving materials per year”可知，这笔援助确实帮助了Greencare公司，故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有这些都提出了一个问题：我们还能做些什么来帮助年轻人创业？A. employ雇用；B. enable使能够；C. educate教育；D. force强迫。根据上文提到Noel Nizeyimana从联合国青年联合方案获得资金创业以及“helping people start businesses”可知，此处指“我们还能做些什么让年轻人能够创业？”故选B。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：像联合国青年联合计划为Nizeyimana所做的那样，提供资金来支付初始成本当然很重要，因为企业的启动成本可能非常高。A. objectively客观地；B. subjectively主观地；C. automatically自动地；D. extremely极其，非常。根据上文“Providing funds to cover the initial costs, as the UN Youth Joint Programme did for Nizeyimana, is certainly important”可知，Nizeyimana从联合国青年联合方案获得资金才得以启动公司，推知企业的启动成本可能非常高，故选D。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：政府有时会犹豫是否向初创企业提供资金，因为不能保证成功。A. imitated模仿；B. predicted预测；C. guaranteed保证；D. achieved实现。根据下文“Starting a business is risky”可知，创业是有风险的，不能保证成功，故选C。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：创业是有风险的，没有人想浪费钱，但专家警告说，政府不应该强加太多的要求。A. warn警告，使警惕；B. command命令；C. promise承诺；D. threaten威胁。根据下文“governments should not impose (强加) too many requirements”可知，专家警告说，政府不应该强加太多的要求，故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不同的地区将需要不同的方法，因此试图强加一套“一刀切”的要求，可能会限制增长，而不是促进增长。A. requirements要求；B. approaches方法；C. features特点；D. advantages优势。根据下文“so trying to impose a set of one size fits all requirements can restrict growth rather than promote it”可知，不同的地区将需要不同的方法，试图强加一套“一刀切”的要求，可能会限制增长，故选B。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然解决失业问题还有其他方法，但鼓励年轻企业主是最有效的方法之一——尤其是当这些企业生产的产品真正帮助了当地社区时。A. charging收费，控告；B. forbidding禁止；C. permitting允许；D. encouraging鼓励。此处呼应第二段中“Encouraging people to start businesses is an effective way”可知，指鼓励年轻人创业是减少失业的有效方法，故选D。 （2025·上海普陀·二模）As machine-learning music specialist Prof Nick Bryan-Kinns explains, new neural (神经) networks are capable of writing original music — but may never — 1 meaningful lyrics (歌词). Music AIs use neural networks that are really large sets of bits of computers that try to 2 how the brain works. And you can basically throw lots of music at this neural network and it learns patterns — just like how the human brain does by 3 being shown things. What’s 4 about today’s neural networks is that they’re getting bigger and bigger, and they’re becoming harder and harder for humans to understand what they’re actually doing. We’re getting to a point now where we have these essentially black boxes that we put music into and nice new music 5 . But we don’t really understand the details of what it’s doing. These neural networks also 6 a lot of energy. If you’re trying to train AI to analyze the last 20 years of pop music, for instance, you’re 7 all that data in and then using a lot of electricity to do the analysis and to generate a new song. At some point, we’re going to have to question whether the environmental impact is worth this new music. There’s a little bit of 8 and mirrors going on with AI music at the moment. You can throw Amy Winehouse’s back catalogue into an AI and a load of music will come out. But somebody has to go and 9 that. They have to decide which parts they like and which parts the AI needs to 10 a bit more. The problem is that we’re trying to train the AI to make music that we like, but we’re not 11 it to make music that it likes. Maybe the computer likes a different kind of music than we do. Maybe the future would just be all the AIs listening to music together without humans. I’m also kind of 12 that one as well. AI can generate lyrics that are interesting and have an interesting narrative flow. But lyrics for songs are typically based on lyricists’ 13 , what’s happened to them. Lyricists write about falling in love, things that have gone wrong in their lives, or simple 14 like watching the sunrise. AIs don’t do that. I’m not sure that an AI will have that potential to be able to 15 something meaningful to people. 1．A．interpret B．compose C．recite D．perform 2．A．reflect B．stimulate C．replace D．imitate 3．A．repeatedly B．consequently C．randomly D．instantly 4．A．sensible B．harmonious C．tricky D．curious 5．A．runs out B．comes out C．gives out D．puts out 6．A．consume B．preserve C．generate D．waste 7．A．displaying B．processing C．feeding D．gathering 8．A．smoke B．light C．cloud D．fire 9．A．promote B．play C．memorize D．edit 10．A．decide on B．work on C．insist on D．rely on 11．A．requesting B．persuading C．allowing D．enabling 12．A．doubtful about B．incapable of C．confident about D．convinced of 13．A．contributions B．experiences C．resolution D．fantasy 14．A．anxieties B．burdens C．duties D．pleasures 15．A．attain B．broadcast C．communicate D．restore 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能音乐的相关情况，包括神经网络创作音乐的原理、耗能问题、创作现状以及存在的局限性等。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如机器学习音乐专家尼克·布莱恩 金斯教授所解释的，新的神经网络能够创作原创音乐，但可能永远无法创作有意义的歌词。A. interpret解释；B. compose创作；C. recite背诵；D. perform表演。根据前文“writing original music”和后文“meaningful lyrics”可推知，这里说的是创作音乐和歌词。故选B项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：音乐人工智能使用的神经网络实际上是大量的计算机程序片段，它们试图模仿大脑的工作方式。A. reflect反映；B. stimulate刺激；C. replace代替；D. imitate模仿。根据后文“how the brain works”和“it learns patterns — just like how the human brain does”可知，神经网络是模仿大脑的工作方式。故选D项。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：你基本上可以向这个神经网络输入大量的音乐，它会学习模式 —— 就像人类大脑通过反复被展示事物来学习一样。A. repeatedly反复地；B. consequently因此；C. randomly随机地；D. instantly立刻。结合常识和“just like how the human brain does”可知，人类大脑是通过反复接触事物来学习模式的。故选A项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今的神经网络棘手的地方在于，它们变得越来越庞大，人类越来越难以理解它们实际上在做什么。A. sensible明智的；B. harmonious和谐的；C. tricky棘手的；D. curious好奇的。根据后文“they’re becoming harder and harder for humans to understand what they’re actually doing”可知，人类越来越难以理解它，这是神经网络让人类感到棘手的地方。故选C项。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们现在到了这样一个阶段，我们有这些本质上的黑匣子，我们把音乐放进去，然后就会有美妙的新音乐出来。A. runs out用完；B. comes out出来；C. gives out分发；D. puts out扑灭。根据前文“put music into”和“nice new music”可知，我们在神经网络中放入音乐后，新的音乐就会创作出来。故选B项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些神经网络也消耗大量的能量。A. consume消耗；B. preserve保存；C. generate产生；D. waste浪费。根据后文“using a lot of electricity to do the analysis and to generate a new song. At some point, we’re going to have to question whether the environmental impact is worth this new music.”可知，神经网络消耗大量能量。故选A项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果你试图训练人工智能来分析过去20年的流行音乐，你要把所有的数据输入进去，然后使用大量的电力来进行分析并生成一首新歌。A. displaying展示；B. processing处理；C. feeding输入，把……放进机器；D. gathering收集。根据后文“all that data in”可知，是把数据输入到人工智能中。故选C项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前人工智能音乐有点像烟雾和镜子(华而不实)。A. smoke烟雾；B. light光；C. cloud云；D. fire火。根据后文“ You can throw Amy Winehouse’s back catalogue into an AI and a load of music will come out. But somebody has to go and 9 that. They have to decide which parts they like and which parts the AI needs to 10 a bit more.”可知，人工智能产生的音乐仍然需要人工处理，所以它并不是看上去那么美好；“smoke and mirrors”是固定表达，意为“烟雾和镜子；障眼法；故弄玄虚”。故选A项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但必须有人去编辑这些音乐。A. promote促进；B. play演奏；C. memorize记住；D. edit编辑。根据后文“They have to decide which parts they like and which parts the AI needs to 10 a bit more”可知，需要有人对人工智能生成的音乐进行编辑。故选D项。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们必须决定哪些部分他们喜欢，哪些部分人工智能需要再加工一下。A. decide on决定；B. work on努力改进，从事；C. insist on坚持；D. rely on依靠。根据前文“which parts they like”和“which parts the AI needs...”可推知，发现不喜欢的部分，人类就会要求人工智能对其进行改进，再加工。故选B项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：问题是我们试图训练人工智能制作我们喜欢的音乐，但我们没有让它制作它自己喜欢的音乐。A. requesting请求；B. persuading说服；C. allowing允许；D. enabling使能够。根据前文“We’re trying to train the AI to make music that we like”和“but”的转折可知，我们没有让人工智能制作它自己喜欢的音乐。故选C项。 12．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我对此也有点怀疑。A. doubtful about对……怀疑；B. incapable of不能；没有能力；C. confident about对……有信心；D. convinced of相信；确信。根据后文对人工智能创作歌词的质疑可知，作者对此是怀疑的。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但歌曲的歌词通常是基于词作者的经历，他们所经历的事情。A. contributions贡献；B. experiences经历；C. resolution决心；D. fantasy幻想。根据后文“what’s happened to them”和“Lyricists write about falling in love, things that have gone wrong in their lives”可知，歌词基于词作者的经历。故选B项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：词作者会写关于坠入爱河、生活中出现的问题，或者像看日出这样简单的快乐。A. anxieties焦虑；B. burdens负担；C. duties职责；D. pleasures快乐。结合常识和“watching the sunrise”可知，看日出是一种简单的快乐。故选D项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不确定人工智能是否有潜力向人们传达有意义的东西。A. attain获得；B. broadcast广播；C. communicate传达；D. restore恢复。根据前文“But lyrics for songs are typically based on lyricists’ 13 , what’s happened to them. Lyricists write about falling in love, things that have gone wrong in their lives, or simple 14 like watching the sunrise. AIs don’t do that.”可知，作者质疑人工智能创作歌词的能力，不确定它能否向人们传达有意义的东西。故选C项。 （2025·上海金山·二模）Ten years ago, Kavita Favelle was enjoying a beer tasting event when she and other beer enthusiasts were each given small pieces of paper to put in their mouths. The bite-sized paper contained a(n) 1 of a bitter chemical. By needing to spit it out, the 52-year-old 2 herself to be one of the 25 percent of the population known as super-tasters. “Your taste type is determined by how strongly you 3 this bitter taste,” says Andrew Costanzo, expert in food and nutrition. “Super-tasters find it 4 , normal tasters don’t mind it and the 25 percent of non-tasters can’t taste it at all.” Which of these three groups you fall into can play a role in what you choose to eat with 5 effects to health. Super-tasters, like Favelle, tend to avoid foods that they consider taste bitter. On the positive side, this means they are less likely to smoke or drink alcohol. On the negative side, they tend to 6 certain vegetables which are high in bitter compounds – but also contain cancer-fighting compounds. 7 this was thought to be why super-tasters have a higher risk of some cancers than non-tasters, “but it turns out that the issue is more than that,” says Dr Costanzo. “They have generally less 8 diets possibly because they are more careful about trying new things.” And this could consequently lower their general level of nutrition and exposure to 9 compounds. Super-tasters also tend to add more salt to their food, as salt 10 bitterness, which might lead to negative health effects like raising blood pressure. Medium or normal tasters tend to have a broader ability to taste because they are neither 11 to bitter-tasting foods, nor do they need to soak their food in sauces to make it tasty. While super-tasters avoid certain foods, non-tasters have the opposite issue. They tend to be higher in weight than super-tasters, possibly because they need higher quantities of high fat, high sugar foods to satisfy their 12 needs. Besides, the fact that their taste isn’t so sensitive might also have a(n) 13 influence on immunity (免疫力). It’s discovered that non-tasters were more likely than super-tasters to test positive to COVID． 14 , they had worse symptoms (症状) when they did. Primarily, what determines whether you are a super-taster or a non-taster is genetics. While we can’t change our genes, we can 15 our taste-buds in ways that make us feel more comfortable eating more of the things we should and less of those we shouldn’t. No matter what type you are, understanding your taste preferences can help you a lot with your health. 1．A．sample B．component C．stock D．product 2．A．introduced B．revealed C．adjusted D．allowed 3．A．digest B．neglect C．perceive D．transform 4．A．fantastic B．appealing C．nasty D．plain 5．A．chain B．side C．mirror D．exposure 6．A．come up with B．get down to C．run away from D．give way to 7．A．Originally B．Essentially C．Inevitably D．Increasingly 8．A．healthy B．damaging C．controversial D．diverse 9．A．additional B．organic C．chemical D．protective 10．A．replaces B．hides C．strengthens D．removes 11．A．accustomed B．reluctant C．familiar D．opposed 12．A．emotional B．psychological C．survival D．flavour 13．A．noticeable B．unpleasant C．insignificant D．temporary 14．A．However B．Therefore C．Moreover D．Instead 15．A．trick B．convert C．reverse D．perfect 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．D 10．B 11．D 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同味觉类型对食物选择的影响，以及这些选择如何进一步影响个人的健康状况。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这块一口大小的纸里含有一种苦味化学物质的样本。A. sample样品；B. component成分；C. stock库存、股票；D. product产品。根据下文“By needing to spit it out, the 52-year-old  ___2___  herself to be one of the 25 percent of the population known as super-tasters.”可推测，这里说的是给每个人一小片纸，里面含有一种苦味化学物质的样本，让他们品尝。故选A。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过把纸放入口中品尝并吐出这个行为，这位52岁的女士表明了自己是占人口25%的被称为“超级味觉者”的一员。A. introduced介绍；B. revealed表明、透露；C. adjusted调整、适应；D. allowed允许。根据空后“herself to be one of the 25 percent of the population known as super-tasters”可知，通过这个行为，她表明了自己是一个超级味觉者。故选B。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：食品与营养专家Andrew Costanzo说：“你的味觉类型是由你对这种苦味的感知程度决定的。超级味觉者觉得这种苦味令人讨厌，普通味觉者对此并不介意，而25%的非味觉者则完全尝不出这种苦味。”A. digest消化、理解；B. neglect忽视；C. perceive感知、理解；D. transform转变、改造。根据下文“Super-tasters find it  ___4___ , normal tasters don’t mind it and the 25 percent of non-tasters can’t taste it at all”可知，味觉类型是由你对这种苦味的感知程度决定的。故选C。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：食品与营养专家Andrew Costanzo说：“你的味觉类型是由你对这种苦味的感知程度决定的。超级味觉者觉得这种苦味令人讨厌，普通味觉者对此并不介意，而25%的非味觉者则完全尝不出这种苦味。”A. fantastic极好的；B. appealing有吸引力的；C. nasty令人厌恶的；D. plain普通的、简单的。根据上文“By needing to spit it out”以及下文“normal tasters don’t mind it and the 25 percent of non-tasters can’t taste it at all”可推测，超级味觉者觉得这种苦味令人讨厌，会吐掉。故选C。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你属于这三类人群中的哪一类，会影响你对食物的选择，进而对健康产生连锁反应。A. chain链条；B. side边、侧面；C. mirror镜子；D. exposure暴露。根据下文“On the negative side, they tend to  ___6___  certain vegetables which are high in bitter compounds – but also contain cancer-fighting compounds.  ___7___  this was thought to be why super-tasters have a higher risk of some cancers than non-tasters, “but it turns out that the issue is more than that,” says Dr Costanzo.”可知，味觉类型会影响你选择吃什么，进而对健康产生连锁反应。考查短语：chain effect，意为“连锁反应”，符合句意。故选A。 6．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：从消极的方面来看，他们往往会远离某些含有高苦味化合物的蔬菜——但这些蔬菜也含有抗癌化合物。A. come up with提出、想出；B. get down to开始做；C. run away from逃离、远离；D. give way to让步于。根据上文“Super-tasters, like Favelle, tend to avoid foods that they consider taste bitter.”可知，超级味觉者倾向于避免吃他们认为苦的食物，所以他们会远离某些含有高苦味化合物的蔬菜。故选C。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最初，人们认为这就是为什么超级味觉者比非超级味觉者患某些癌症的风险更高，“但事实证明，问题不止如此，”Costanzo说，“他们的饮食通常不太多样化，可能是因为他们在尝试新事物时更加谨慎。”A. Originally起初；B. Essentially本质上、基本上；C. Inevitably不可避免地；D. Increasingly越来越多地、日益地。根据下文““but it turns out that the issue is more than that,” says Dr Costanzo.”可推测，人们起初以为超级味觉者不吃苦的食物，所以患癌症的风险更高。但是，事实并非如此。故选A。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最初，人们认为这就是为什么超级味觉者比非超级味觉者患某些癌症的风险更高，“但事实证明，问题不止如此，”Costanzo说，“他们的饮食通常不太多样化，可能是因为他们在尝试新事物时更加谨慎。”A. healthy健康的；B. damaging有害的；C. controversial有争议的；D. diverse多样化的、不同的。根据上文“Super-tasters, like Favelle, tend to avoid foods that they consider taste bitter.”以及下文“because they are more careful about trying new things”可知，超级味觉者的饮食通常不太多样化。故选D。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这可能会因此降低他们的总体营养水平，减少他们接触保护性化合物的机会。A. additional额外的、附加的；B. organic有机的、生物的；C. chemical化学的；D. protective保护性的。根据上文“On the negative side, they tend to  ___6___  certain vegetables which are high in bitter compounds – but also contain cancer-fighting compounds.”可知，超级味觉者远离的含有高苦味化合物的蔬菜含有抗癌化合物，而这减少了他们接触保护性化合物的机会。故选D。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：超级味觉者还倾向于在食物中添加更多的盐，因为盐能掩盖苦味，而这可能会导致一些负面的健康影响，比如血压升高。A. replaces替代、取代；B. hides隐藏；C. strengthens加强；D. removes移除。根据上文“Super-tasters also tend to add more salt to their food”以及常理可知，超级味觉者倾向于在食物中加更多盐，因为盐能掩盖苦味。故选B。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：中等味觉者或普通味觉者往往具有更广泛的味觉能力，因为他们既不排斥苦味食物，也不需要把食物浸泡在酱汁里来让它变得美味。A. be accustomed to习惯于……；B. be reluctant to不情愿做某事；C. be familiar to对……而言是熟悉的；D. be opposed to反对……、排斥……。根据上文“Medium or normal tasters tend to have a broader ability to taste”可知，中等味觉者或普通味觉者往往具有更广泛的味觉能力。由此可推测，他们并不排斥苦味食物。故选D。 12．考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：他们的体重往往比超级味觉者要高，这可能是因为他们需要更多高脂肪、高糖的食物来满足他们的味觉需求。A. emotional情感的；B. psychological心理的；C. survival生存；D. flavour味道。根据上文“While super-tasters avoid certain foods, non-tasters have the opposite issue.”以及常理可知，非味觉者的味觉不敏感，由此可推测，他们摄入高脂肪、高糖的食物是为了满足他们的味觉需求。故选D。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，他们味觉不那么敏感这一事实，也可能对免疫力产生不良影响。A. noticeable明显的、显著的；B. unpleasant不愉快的、不好的；C. insignificant不重要的；D. temporary暂时的、临时的。根据下文“It’s discovered that non-tasters were more likely than super-tasters to test positive to COVID.”可知，他们味觉不那么敏感这个事实可能对免疫力有不好的影响。故选B。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：而且，当他们感染时，症状也更严重。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Moreover此外；D. Instead反而。根据上文“It’s discovered that non-tasters were more likely than super-tasters to test positive to COVID.”以及下文“they had worse symptoms (症状) when they did.”可知，上文说非超级味觉者感染新冠病毒阳性的可能性更大，而空后则指出他们的症状更严重。“moreover”表递进关系，符合语境。故选C。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们无法改变自己的基因，但我们可以用一些方法“欺骗”我们的味蕾，让我们能更自在地多吃一些我们应该吃的东西，少吃一些不应该吃的东西。A. trick欺骗；B. convert转换；C. reverse颠倒、反转；D. perfect使完美。根据上文“While we can’t change our genes”可知，我们无法改变自己的基因；再根据下文“that make us feel more comfortable eating more of the things we should and less of those we shouldn’t.”可知，我们可以用一些方法欺骗我们的味蕾，让我们更舒服地吃更多应该吃的东西，少吃不应该吃的东西。故选A。 （2025·上海静安·二模）Forget the sales, hit the rails I hate sales fashion shopping: there is no pleasure to be had in finding things reduced to a slim part of the full price I paid four months ago, especially when that same 1 item is still swinging its full-price tag in my cupboard. No, the only good thing about a fashion sale is that it 2 a new season — and the only ones I like, therefore, are those in which the sales racks (挂衣架) sit alongside rails of shiny, previously unseen stock. When Isay unseen, I mean exactly that. Many of the clothes in store now have neither graced a catwalk nor featured in 3 . Slightly more commercial and often less expensive than their catwalk counterparts, these are the pre-collections: the pearls of the fashion cycle. There are two “pre” collections: pre-fall will gradually flow to store from June until September, when the clothes will be joined by the 4 autumn pieces, previously seen on catwalks. The other “pre” collection goes into shops from November 5   of the spring collections. Pre-collections are a different beast from the main shows: the clothes are less 6 and the styles less daring. They are typically more wearable. No surprise, then, that today they make up 70-80 per cent of a fashion house’s annual sales, producing the majority of a house’s 7 . Considering the financial might of these collections, one would be forgiven for wondering why we even 8 seasonal fashion shows. It seems a(n) 9 that most of the clothes we buy have nothing to do with what we see on the catwalk. So is the fashion show 10 ? Most fashion insiders insist there is no other choice. Financially, the show is still the best channel for buyers to 11 the heat of a fashion house before they make their orders. Editorially, a fashion week is still the best way in which media attention is 12 . And, creatively, the show is still held as being the most direct demonstration of a designer’s 13 . Hence, the pre-collections exist for a reason. They are just like those great character actors who appear in dramas starring bigger household names. They are never out of work and are greatly good value but they are 14 recognized. But things are changing. Next Saturday, a house will present its pre-collection show, in Paris, drawing to a close an unofficial “season” in which pre-collections are being staged. This year, such pre-collection shows are actually 15 . Where once they amounted to a few looks, they are now massive. The ugly duckling of the fashion industry finally has its moment. 1．A．unworn B．enclosed C．threaded D．misplaced 2．A．outweighs B．announces C．beats D．exhausts 3．A．society B． parade C．editorial D．ceremony 4．A．familiar B．luxurious C．controversial D．original 5．A．in need B．in advance C．in charge D．in favor 6．A．domestic B．intelligent C．organic D．unusual 7．A．customers B．profits C．advertisements D．applications 8．A．bother with B．account  for C．adjust  to D．deal with 9．A．mercy B．mission C．contradiction D．resolution 10．A．trendy B．comprehensive C．ambitious D．useless 11．A．contain B．assess C．exchange D．celebrate 12．A．matched B．conveyed C．maximized D．controlled 13．A．vision B．status C．obstacle D．definition 14．A．universally B．readily C．temporarily D．barely 15．A．mushrooming B．declining C．cooperating D．comparing 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了时尚产业中的预售系列与传统时装秀的关系，并分析了二者的商业价值和行业地位。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我讨厌时尚促销购物：发现四个月前原价购买的商品如今大幅降价毫无乐趣可言，尤其是当这件从未穿过的衣服仍挂着原价标签躺在我的衣柜里时。A. unworn未穿的；B. enclosed围住的；C. threaded有线状图案装饰的；D. misplaced不合时宜的。由下文“item is still swinging its full-price tag in my cupboard”可知，衣服未拆标签，这说明衣服没有穿过，故选A。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 不，时尚促销唯一的好处是它宣告了新一季的到来——因此，我唯一喜欢的促销是那些打折货架旁摆满崭新、前所未见商品的店铺。A. outweighs超过；B. announces宣布；C. beats击败；D. exhausts耗尽。 根据“a new season”可知，促销标志着新季节的开始，应选“宣布”含义的词，故选B。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意： 我说的“前所未见”是字面意思。如今店里的许多衣服既未登上T台，也未出现在杂志上。A. society社会；B. parade游行；C. editorial社论/时尚杂志；D. ceremony典礼。 与“catwalk（T台）”并列的应是时尚媒体曝光渠道，editorial可指时尚杂志内容，故选C。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有两种“早季”系列：早秋系列将从6月到9月逐步进入商店，届时这些服装将与曾在T台上展示过的原来的秋季系列一同上架。A. familiar熟悉的；B. luxurious奢侈的；C. controversial有争议的；D. original原创的；原先的。“previously seen on catwalks”可知，应是之前展示过的，故选D。 5．考查介词短语辨析。句意： 另一“早春”系列从11月开始提前上架，为春季系列铺路。A. in need需要；B. in advance提前；C. in charge负责；D. in favor支持。根据时间逻辑，早春系列在春季前推出，故选B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 早季系列的服装更商业化：设计不那么奇特，风格更保守。A. domestic家庭的；B. intelligent智能的；C. organic有机的；D. unusual不寻常的。 由“less daring (更保守)”可知，设计不那么奇特，风格更保守，故选D。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意： 如今早季系列占品牌年销售额的70%-80%，是利润的主要来源。A. customers顾客；B. profits利润；C. advertisements广告；D. applications 应用。与“sales (销售额)”直接相关的是利润，即早季系列占品牌年销售额的70%-80%，是利润的主要来源。故选B。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意： 考虑到这些系列的经济价值，人们难免质疑为何还要费心举办季节性时装秀。A. bother with费心做；B. account for解释；C. adjust to适应；D. deal with处理。由上文“wondering why we even…”可知，此处强调多余的努力，即人们会质疑为何还要费心举办季节性时装秀，故选A。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意： 我们买的衣服与T台展示的毫无关联，这似乎是一种矛盾。A. mercy仁慈；B. mission使命；C. contradiction矛盾；D. resolution决心。由下文“that most of the clothes we buy have nothing to do with what we see on the catwalk”可知，我们买的衣服与T台展示的毫无关联，这说明现实与秀场脱节是一种矛盾现象，故选C。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 那么，时装秀是否已毫无用处？A. trendy时髦的；B. comprehensive全面的；C. ambitious雄心勃勃的；D. useless无用的。前文质疑秀场与实际销售的脱节，此处反问其价值，故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 从商业角度看，秀场仍是买家下单前评估品牌热度的最佳渠道。选项：A. contain包含；B. assess评估；C. exchange交换；D. celebrate庆祝。由下文“make orders”可知，购买前需评估品牌热度，故选B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 从媒体角度看，时装周仍是最大化吸引关注的方式。A. matched匹配；B. conveyed传达；C. maximized最大化；D. controlled控制。由上文“a fashion week is still the best way in which media attention is”可知，“媒体关注”需被“最大化”，故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意： 从创意角度看，秀场仍是设计师愿景最直接的展示。A. vision愿景；B. status地位；C. obstacle障碍；D. definition定义。由上文“creatively, the show is still held as being the most direct demonstration of a designer’s”可知，秀场仍是设计师愿景最直接的展示。故选A。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意： 早季系列像配角演员：不可或缺、性价比高，却鲜被认可。A. universally普遍地；B. readily乐意地；C. temporarily暂时地；D. barely几乎不。由上文 “never out of work but…”可知，前后是转折关系，转折后强调不被关注，即 早季系列不可或缺、性价比高，却鲜被认可。故选D。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 如今早季系列秀规模激增，曾经的“丑小鸭”终于迎来高光时刻。A. mushrooming激增；B. declining衰退；C. cooperating合作；D. comparing比较。 由“massive”和“ugly duckling…moment”说明规模扩大，故选A。 （2025·上海松江·二模）History of tea lasts throughout thousands of years and crosses into various stories. Nowadays, you can buy hundreds of tea varieties to address many physical health issues, as tea is supported by 1 science. However, in ancient times, tea was a philosophical creation, not just a drink — wise men experienced the 2 growth through the drinking of tea. Learning about the history of tea is, 3 , quite fascinating. Unlike some traditional drinks, tea begins with the tale of an emperor in China, almost 5000 years ago. Around 2700 BC, Emperor Shen Nong discovered tea purely 4 . The well-known leader and wise man was boiling water in his garden when a loose leaf from a tree accidentally fell in and 5 the water. He was so fascinated with the taste of drink that he later applied his scientific knowledge to the process and 6 the various benefits of tea in his further research into plants. From ancient China, tea traveled to Xizang and India. Tang Dynasty in China began to promote the drink for its medicinal benefits, leading to much formal writing on the subject. These 7 covered ancient tea preparations and practices, and became significant comparisons to how we use tea in the modern days. Monks (僧侣) and poets 8 tea East and West. And then in the 9th century it reached Japan. But it was given the cold shoulder and stayed 9 until Matcha, green tea made into powder, was later invented by the locals. And Matcha became the innovation that 10 Japan’s passion for tea in the 13th century. In Ming Dynasty, people started making tea as we do today and businessmen began 11 green tea, trading it with explorers throughout Europe and Asia. In the 17th century, Dutch people traded it on the Silk Road. This led tea to England in 1657, where it quickly became a popular drink nationwide, from the royal court to 12 citizens. As the British East India Company became the 13 trading empire on the planet — controlling around half of the world’s trade in goods, colonies (殖民地) under its administration naturally picked up the habit. History of tea also involves a way of showing 14 . The Americans once expressed their anger with the British Empire by throwing tea into the port in Boston. Yet sometime later, through Tea Acts, preferential tax policies, new health food trends and more, tea restored its popularity worldwide. However the world shifts, in some places, such as China, tea 15 the national drink of choice. 1．A．astonishing B．groundbreaking C．environmental D．medicinal 2．A．spiritual B．fundamental C．financial D．biological 3．A．in contrast B．therefore C．for instance D．however 4．A．on purpose B．by chance C．with effort D．in secret 5．A．polluted B．purified C．flavored D．colored 6．A．buried B．calculated C．uncovered D．popularized 7．A．documents B．demonstrations C．tendencies D．theories 8．A．improved B．consumed C．sweetened D．spread 9．A．welcome B．bitter C．controversial D．inactive 10．A．blocked B．awakened C．promoted D．suspended 11．A．giving up B．tearing down C．dealing in D．sorting out 12．A．global B．senior C．plain D．urban 13．A．stylish B．dominant C．united D．undignified 14．A．progresses B．drawbacks C．approval D．opposition 15．A．remains B．turns C．replaces D．overtakes 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．D 10．B 11．C 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了茶的历史。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今，你可以买到数百种茶来解决许多身体健康问题，因为茶有药用科学的支持。A. astonishing惊人的，令人惊讶的；B. groundbreaking开创性的；C. environmental环境的；D. medicinal药用的。根据前文“address many physical health issues”可知，茶能解决身体健康问题，说明它有药用方面的科学依据。故选D项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在古代，茶是一种哲学创造，不仅仅是一种饮品——智者通过饮茶体验精神成长。A. spiritual精神的；B. fundamental基础的；C. financial金融的；D. biological生物的。根据前文“a philosophical creation”可知，茶与哲学相关，所以这里是体验精神上的成长。故选A项。 3．考查副词和短语词义辨析。句意：因此，了解茶的历史是非常有趣的。A. in contrast相比之下；B. therefore因此；C. for instance例如；D. however然而。前文“you can buy hundreds of tea varieties to address many physical health issue”以及“in ancient times, tea was a philosophical creation, not just a drin”提到茶在古代是哲学创造，如今有药用价值，所以得出了解茶的历史很有趣的结论，构成因果关系。故选B项。 4．考查短语词义辨析。句意：大约在公元前2700年，神农氏发现茶纯属偶然。A. on purpose故意地；B. by chance偶然地；C. with effort努力地，费力地；D. in secret秘密地。根据后文“a loose leaf from a tree accidentally fell in and 5 the water”可知，神农氏发现茶纯属偶然。故选B项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位著名的领袖和智者正在花园里烧水时，一片松动的树叶偶然掉进水里，使水有了味道。A. polluted污染；B. purified净化；C. flavored给……调味，加味于；D. colored为……着色。根据后文“He was so fascinated with the taste of drink”可知，树叶让水有了味道。故选C项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他对这种饮品的味道非常着迷，后来他将自己的科学知识应用到这个过程中，并在对植物的进一步研究中发现了茶的各种益处。A. buried埋葬；B. calculated计算；C. uncovered发现；D. popularized使普及，宣传。根据后文“the various benefits of tea in his further research into plants”可知，是在研究中发现了茶的益处。故选C项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些文献涵盖了古代茶的制备和做法，并成为我们现代使用茶的重要对比。A. documents文献，文件；B. demonstrations示范；C. tendencies趋势；D. theories理论。根据前文“much formal writing on the subject”可知，这里指的是关于茶的正式文字记载、文献。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：僧侣和诗人将茶传播到东方和西方。A. improved改进；B. consumed消耗；C. sweetened使变甜；D. spread传播。根据后文“East and West”和“it reached Japan”可知，是将茶传播到不同地方。故选D项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但它遭到了冷落，一直不温不火，直到后来当地人发明了抹茶——一种制成粉末的绿茶。A. welcome受欢迎的；B. bitter苦的；C. controversial有争议的；D. inactive不活跃的，不温不火的。根据前文“it was given the cold shoulder”可知，茶在日本一开始不受欢迎，处于不活跃的状态。故选D项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：抹茶成为了在13世纪唤醒日本对茶热情的创新。A. blocked妨碍，堵塞；B. awakened唤醒；C. promoted促进；D. suspended暂停。根据前文“But it was given the cold shoulder and stayed ____9____ until Matcha, green tea made into powder, was later invented by the locals.”和后文“Japan’s passion for tea”可知，茶在日本一开始受到冷遇，直到后来抹茶让日本对茶重新有了热情，即激发、唤醒了日本人对茶的热情。故选B项。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在明朝，人们开始像我们今天这样泡茶，商人开始经营绿茶，与欧洲和亚洲的探险家进行贸易。A. giving up放弃；B. tearing down拆除；C. dealing in经营；D. sorting out整理。根据后文“trading it with explorers throughout Europe and Asia”可知，商人开始经营绿茶。故选C项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得茶在1657年传入英国，在那里它迅速成为全国流行的饮品，从宫廷到普通市民都喜爱。A. global全球的；B. senior年长的；C. plain普通的；D. urban城市的。根据前文“became a popular drink nationwide”可知全国上下都喜欢茶，结合“from the royal court”和后文“citizens”可知，此处指在宫廷和平民百姓中都很受欢迎，这里是从宫廷到普通市民的对比。故选C项。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着英国东印度公司成为地球上占主导地位的贸易帝国——控制着大约世界一半的商品贸易，其管辖下的殖民地自然也养成了喝茶的习惯。A. stylish时髦的；B. dominant占主导地位的；C. united团结的，统一的；D. undignified不庄重的。根据后文“controlling around half of the world’s trade in goods”可知，英国东印度公司是占主导地位的贸易帝国。故选B项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：茶的历史还涉及一种表达反对的方式。A. progresses进步；B. drawbacks缺点；C. approval赞成；D. opposition反对。根据后文“The Americans once expressed their anger with the British Empire by throwing tea into the port in Boston”可知，美国人通过把茶叶扔进波士顿的港口表达对英国的愤怒，即表达反对和抗议。故选D项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，无论世界如何变化，在一些地方，如中国，茶仍然是首选的国饮。A. remains仍然是；B. turns变成；C. replaces代替；D. overtakes超过。根据上文“However the world shifts”以及常识可知，在中国茶一直是受欢迎的饮品，仍然是国饮的选择，强调其延续性。故选A项。 （2025·上海虹口·二模）Superhuman artificial intelligence is already among us, well, sort of. When it comes to playing games like chess or solving difficult scientific challenges, computers are well ahead of us. But we have one superpower they aren’t even close to 1 : mind reading. Humans have an ability to work out the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can 2 other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. Reading minds comes so 3 to us, though, that we often don’t think to spell out what we want. If AIs are to become truly 4 in everyday life — in the case of self-driving cars, to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball—they need to establish similar abilities. The trouble is that doing so is far harder than training a chess grandmaster, for it involves dealing with the uncertainties of human behaviour and requires flexible thinking, which AIs have typically 5 . But recent developments, including a game-playing AI that learned to cooperate with humans and AIs that can succeed at hide-and-seek, show that 6 smart machines aren’t a pipe dream. 7 , thinking about others could be a step towards a grander goal — AI with self-awareness. “If we want robots, or AI in general, to truly 8 into our lives, then we have to figure this out,” says Hod Lipson at Columbia University, New York. Psychologists refer to the ability to 9 another’s mental state as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very 10 age: by 9 months, babies understand that people’s actions are linked to their goals; between 18 months and 2 years, they start to 11 that each person’s goals can be different because we have unique desires. 12 , by the age of about 5, humans have a fairly advanced ability to guess what others are thinking. How to 13 these capabilities in machines is far from clear, though. Part of the problem is that what we describe as theory of mind is, in fact, not just one thing, but a large collection of abilities. At the simpler end of it is the capacity to understand the 14 behind actions, while at the other extreme is the kind of complicated social skills you get in a Jane Austen novel. It is important to remember, though, that the effort to teach machines theory of mind is a 15 on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building machines that can truly experience feelings. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But perhaps, along the way, we will learn something about ourselves too. 1．A．abusing B．enhancing C．mastering D．transforming 2．A．anticipate B．control C．defend D．support 3．A．lively B．rarely C．naturally D．unexpectedly 4．A．useful B．modern C．delicate D．real 5．A．contested with B．struggled with C．engaged with D．disagreed with 6．A．financially B．socially C．physically D．culturally 7．A．For example B．On the contrary C．In summary D．What’s more 8．A．bump B．inquire C．translate D．integrate 9．A．infer B．alter C．interrupt D．document 10．A．different B．present C．young D．average 11．A．deny B．forget C．grasp D．ignore 12．A．Regrettably B．Distressingly C．Hopefully D．Remarkably 13．A．examine B．reproduce C．expand D．restore 14．A．motivations B．consequences C．problems D．conflicts 15．A．stepping stone B．turning point C．road block D．dead end 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．D 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．C 12．D 13．B 14．A 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了人工智能在理解和预测人类行为方面面临的挑战与进展，特别是与人类“读心术”能力的对比。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在一种能力上远超人工智能，那就是读心术。 A. abusing滥用；B. enhancing提升；C. mastering掌握；D. transforming转变。 根据下文的“mind reading (读心术)”可知，这里强调人类具有掌握读心术的能力。故选C项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人类有能力确定他人的目标、愿望和信仰，这是一项至关重要的技能，意味着我们可以预测他人的行为和自己的行为的后果。 A. anticipate预测；B. control控制；C. defend防御；D. support支持。 根据上文的“Humans have an ability to work out the goals, desires and beliefs of others”可知，这里强调人类能够预测他人的行为和自己行为的后果。故选A项。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：读心术对我们来说如此自然，以至于我们常常没有意识到要明确表达自己的想法。 A. lively生动地；B. rarely很少；C. naturally自然地；D. unexpectedly意外地。 根据上文的“Humans have an ability to work out the goals, desires and beliefs of others”和下文的“that we often don’t think to spell out what we want”可知，这里强调读心术的自然性。故选C项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果人工智能要在日常生活中真正有用——比如自动驾驶汽车，要理解一个孩子可能会在一个弹跳的球后跑到路上，他们需要建立类似的能力。 A. useful有用的；B. modern现代的；C. delicate精细的；D. real真实的。根据下文的“in the case of self-driving cars, to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball—they need to establish similar abilities”可知，这里强调人工智能在实际应用中的有用性。故选A项。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：问题是，这样做要比训练国际象棋大师困难得多，因为它涉及到处理人类行为的不确定性，需要灵活的思维，而这通常是人工智能难以做到的。A. contested with与……争论；B. struggled with努力应对；C. engaged with参与；D. disagreed with不同意。 根据上文的“for it involves dealing with the uncertainties of human behaviour and requires flexible thinking”可知，这里强调人工智能在处理灵活思维方面的困难。故选B项。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但最近的发展，包括学会与人类合作的游戏人工智能，以及可以成功玩捉迷藏的人工智能，表明社交智能机器并不是白日梦。A. financially财务上；B. socially社交方面；C. physically身体上；D. culturally文化上。根据上文的“a game-playing AI that learned to cooperate with humans and AIs that can succeed at hide-and-seek”可知，这里强调人工智能在社交层面的进展。故选B项。 7．考查固定短语辨析。句意：而且，思考他人可能是实现更宏伟目标的一步——具有自我意识的人工智能。A. For example例如；B. On the contrary相反；C. In summary总之；D. What’s more而且。根据下文的“thinking about others could be a step towards a grander goal — AI with self-awareness”可知，这里进一步强调人工智能的发展。故选D项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们希望机器人，或者更广泛地说，人工智能真正融入我们的生活，那么我们必须解决这个问题。 A. bump碰撞；B. inquire询问；C. translate翻译；D. integrate融入。根据下文的“into our lives”可知，这里强调人工智能融入我们的生活。故选D项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：心理学家将推断他人心理状态的能力称为心理理论。A. infer推断；B. alter改变；C. interrupt打断；D. document记录。根据下文的“another’s mental state”可知，心理理论对他人的心理状态只能是推断。故选A项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在人类身上，这种能力在很小的时候就开始发展：9个月大的时候，婴儿就知道人的行为与他们的目标是相关联的；在18个月到2岁之间，他们开始意识到每个人的目标可以是不同的，因为我们有独特的愿望。 A. different不同的；B. present现在的；C. young年幼的；D. average平均的。 根据下文的“by 9 months”可知，这里强调能力发展的早期阶段。故选C项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：在人类身上，这种能力在很小的时候就开始发展：9个月大的时候，婴儿就知道人的行为与他们的目标是相关联的；在18个月到2岁之间，他们开始意识到每个人的目标可以是不同的，因为我们有独特的愿望。A. deny否认；B. forget忘记；C. grasp理解；领悟；D. ignore忽视。根据下文的“that each person’s goals can be different”可知，这是人们意识到的内容。故选C项。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：值得注意的是，到大约5岁时，人类已经具备相当高级的猜测他人想法的能力。A. Regrettably遗憾地；B. Distressingly令人不安地；C. Hopefully有希望地；D. Remarkably令人瞩目地。根据下文的“by the age of about 5, humans have a fairly advanced ability to guess what others are thinking”可知，这里强调这种能力的显著性。故选D项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，如何在机器中复制这些能力还远远不清楚。A. examine检查；B. reproduce复制；C. expand扩展；D. restore恢复。根据下文的“these capabilities in machines”可知，在机器上肯定是复制这些能力。故选B项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最简单的是理解行为背后动机的能力，而另一个极端是简·奥斯汀小说中那种复杂的社交技巧。A. motivations动机；B. consequences后果；C. problems问题；D. conflicts冲突。根据上文的“the capacity to understand”和下文的“behind actions”可知，这里强调理解行为背后动机的能力。故选A项。 15．考查名词短语辨析。句意：不过，重要的是要记住，教机器心理理论是实现人工智能和机器人研究更深层次目标的垫脚石：制造能够真正体验情感的机器。 A. stepping stone垫脚石；B. turning point转折点；C. road block障碍；D. dead end死胡同。根据下文的“on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research”可知，这里强调垫脚石的作用。故选A项。 （2025·上海闵行·二模）Language allows us to describe actions, qualities, and relationships in both real and imagined experiences. A key question in linguistics (语言学) is how languages developed. Recent research suggests that iconicity — the connection between form and meaning — may have played a crucial role in the 1 . People can’t overcome language barriers and understand each other without iconicity. We often use our hands and bodies, 2 , to act out meanings, showing the sizes and shapes of objects. The key to forming new symbols is the use of iconicity. Not limited to 3 , iconicity appears in visual communication too. Traffic signs, food packaging, and maps all use iconicity to make information easy to understand, regardless of the 4 . Iconicity also exists in 5 . To explore this, researchers organized a contest where participants recorded sounds to express different meanings. These sounds could not contain actual words or 6 expressions like “BOOM” for an explosion. Listeners then tried to match the sounds to a set of written options, and the contestant whose sounds were most accurately 7 won the contest. The results were surprising — listeners successfully identified the intended 8 of the sounds. Yet, all the contestants and listeners were English speakers. Thus, it was possible that listeners’ success relied on 9 cultural knowledge. To test if this phenomenon existed across 10 , researchers conducted a broader Internet survey, translating the experiment into 25 languages. Participants from different linguistic backgrounds listened to the sounds and 11 their meanings from six written options. The findings showed 12 accuracy levels across different language groups. English speakers had the highest accuracy rate at 74%, while Portuguese speakers scored 34%. Though far from perfect, these results were much higher than the expected chance rate of 8%. These studies show that our capacity for iconic communication has played a fundamental role in language 13 . Iconicity enables individuals to express meanings in ways that are not 14 dependent on specific linguistic knowledge. Without this 15 , language may never have developed into the complex system we have today. 1．A．description B．style C．interaction D．process 2．A．as a result B．in particular C．for example D．in other words 3．A．objects B．formation C．understanding D．gesturing 4．A．language B．evidence C．hints D．explanation 5．A．cultures B．sounds C．labs D．competitions 6．A．sound-imitating B．carefully-chosen C．imaginary D．shocking 7．A．heard B．repeated C．interpreted D．recorded 8．A．meanings B．purposes C．volume D．speed 9．A．extensive B．shared C．traditional D．classic 10．A．cultures B．generations C．careers D．situations 11．A．added B．clarified C．acquired D．guessed 12．A．similar B．varying C．satisfactory D．experimental 13．A．ability B．acquisition C．evolution D．diversity 14．A．skillfully B．routinely C．vividly D．entirely 15．A．knowledge B．ability C．awareness D．finding 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．A 11．D 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了语言中“象似性”（iconicity）的重要性及其在跨文化沟通中的作用，通过实验证明象似性在语言发展和理解中的基础性功能。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近的研究表明，象似性——形式与意义之间的联系——可能在这一过程中起到了至关重要的作用。A. description描述；B. style风格；C. interaction互动；D. process过程。根据前文“how languages developed”可知，此处讨论讨论语言发展过程，故选D。 2．考查短语词义辨析。句意：例如，我们经常用手和身体做出各种动作来表现意义，展示物体的大小和形状。A. as a result因此；B. in particular尤其；C. for example例如；D. in other words换句话说。根据后文“act out meanings”可知，此处是前文内容的具体例子，故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：象似性不仅局限于手势语言，它也出现在视觉交流中。A. objects物体；B. formation形成；C. understanding理解；D. gesturing手势。前文“We often use our hands and bodies, 　　2　　, to act out meanings, showing the sizes and shapes of objects.”提到用手势（gesturing）表达，故选D。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：交通标志、食品包装和地图都运用象似性，让信息变得易于理解，而不受语言的限制。A. language语言；B. evidence证据；C. hints暗示；D. explanation解释。根据“regardless of”和后文“researchers conducted a broader Internet survey, translating the experiment into 25 languages.”的跨文化实验，可知，此处强调脱离语言的限制，故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：象似性同样存在于声音之中。A. cultures文化；B. sounds声音；C. labs实验室；D. competitions比赛。后文“To explore this, researchers organized a contest where participants recorded sounds to express different meanings”用实验描述用声音表达意义，故选B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些声音不能包含实际的单词，也不能有类似 “BOOM”（模拟爆炸声）这样模仿声音的表达。A. sound-imitating拟声的；B. carefully-chosen精心挑选的；C. imaginary想象的；D. shocking令人震惊的。根据下文“like “BOOM” for an explosion”可知，“BOOM”是拟声词的举例，故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，听众尝试将这些声音与一组书面选项进行匹配，其声音被最准确解读的参赛者将赢得比赛。A. heard听到；B. repeated重复；C. interpreted解释；D. recorded记录。根据前文“Listeners then tried to match the sounds to a set of written options”可知，实验要求听众匹配声音与解读，故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果令人惊讶 —— 听众成功识别出了这些声音想要表达的意义。A. meanings意义；B. purposes目的；C. volume音量；D. speed速度。根据前文“To explore this, researchers organized a contest where participants recorded sounds to express different meanings..”可知，实验目的是理解声音表达的意义，故选A。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，听众的成功很可能依赖于共同的文化知识。A. extensive广泛的；B. shared共有的；C. traditional传统的；D. classic经典的。根据前文“all the contestants and listeners were English speakers.”可知，实验参与者均为英语使用者，依赖共同文化背景，故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了检验这种现象是否在不同文化中都存在，研究人员进行了一项更广泛的互联网调查，将实验内容翻译成 25 种语言。A. cultures文化；B. generations世代；C. careers职业；D. situations情境。根据后文“researchers conducted a broader Internet survey, translating the experiment into 25 languages. Participants from different linguistic backgrounds listened to the sounds”可知，实验内容翻译成25种语言，因此此处强调跨文化，故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：来自不同语言背景的参与者听这些声音，并从六个书面选项中猜测其意义。A. added添加；B. clarified澄清；C. acquired获得；D. guessed猜测。根据前文“To explore this, researchers organized a contest where participants recorded sounds to express different meanings.”和“Participants from different linguistic backgrounds listened to the sounds” 可知，研究人员进行了更广泛的网络调查，实验要求从选项中猜测声音含义，故选D。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究结果显示，不同语言群体的准确率各不相同。A. similar相似的；B. varying不同的；C. satisfactory满意的；D. experimental实验的 。根据后文“English speakers had the highest accuracy rate at 74%, while Portuguese speakers scored 34%.”可知，后文数据（74% vs 34%）表明准确率差异，故选B。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些研究表明，我们进行象似性交流的能力在语言的演变过程中发挥了基础性作用。A. ability能力；B. acquisition习得；C. evolution演化；D. diversity多样性。根据第一段的“A key question in linguistics (语言学) is how languages developed.”可知，全文围绕语言发展（development/evolution）展开，故选C。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：象似性使人们能够以不完全依赖于特定语言知识的方式表达意义。A. skillfully熟练地；B. routinely常规地；C. vividly生动地；D. entirely完全地。根据后文“dependent on specific linguistic knowledge”可推断，此处强调不完全依赖语言知识，故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有这种能力，语言可能永远不会发展成我们如今所拥有的复杂系统。A. knowledge知识；B. ability能力；C. awareness意识；D. finding发现。根据前文“Iconicity enables individuals to express meanings in ways that are not 　　14　　 dependent on specific linguistic knowledge.”可知，此处指的是前文提到的，象似性作为沟通能力，故选B。 （2025·上海奉贤·二模）The ocean twilight zone, also known as the mid water, is a global layer of water stretching from 200 to 1,000 meters below the ocean surface. This dimly lit region, just beyond the reach of sunlight, is cold and under high pressure, yet it 1 a host of marine species. Recent studies suggest that its fish biomass may be ten times greater than previously estimated, making it one of the most 2 ecosystems on Earth. The twilight zone is home to a wide variety of organisms. Many of these creatures exhibit unique 3 to survive in this dark, high-pressure environment. One fascinating example is counter-illumination (反照明), where small fish generate light from their undersides to match the surface light above, making them nearly 4 to big fish below. One of the most remarkable phenomena in the twilight zone is the daily vertical (垂直的；纵向 的) 5 of its inhabitants. Every night, countless fish, squid, and plankton swim to the surface to feed under the cover of darkness. At dawn, they return to the 6 , safer waters. This daily migration is the largest regular animal movement on the planet, occurring every 24 hours across the world’s oceans. The twilight zone provides food for larger predators like whales and sharks, which are valuable for 7 reasons. Additionally, the twilight zone acts as a critical part of the ocean’s "biological pump". It helps transfer carbon dioxide from surface waters to the deep ocean, preventing it from 8 to the atmosphere as a greenhouse gas. This process is vital for reducing climate change. Despite its ecological importance, the twilight zone remains largely unexplored. 9 , commercial fishing interests are already targeting this region. Countries like Norway and Japan have begun 10 harvesting of twilight-zone organisms, driven by the growing demand for fish meal and other products. To ensure sustainable use and 11 of the twilight zone, we need to answer key questions about its biodiversity, life cycles, food webs, and role in the global carbon cycle. However, studying this region is 12 due to its vastness, rapid changes, and the difficulty in capturing and observing its delicate organisms. In 2018, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution launched a mission to explore a twilight zone.supported by $35 million from the Audacious Project. This initiative combines 13 technologies — such as advanced acoustics, high-resolution cameras, and genetic techniques — with traditional methods to study this complex ecosystem. By advancing our understanding of the twilight zone, we can develop policies to protect its biodiversity and ensure the 14 use of its resources. The ocean twilight zone remains a 15 world of incredible biodiversity and ecological importance. As we face growing global challenges, understanding and preserving this mysterious region is more critical than ever. 1．A．housed B．excluded C．limited D．obtained 2．A．efficient B．intensive C．diverse D．internal 3．A．adaptations B．preferences C．insights D．rhythms 4．A．flexible B．incredible C．perceptible D．invisible 5．A．escape B．journey C．settlement D．exploration 6．A．deeper B．shallower C．warmer D．clearer 7．A．economic B．ecological C．evolutionary D．biological 8．A．bouncing B．reflecting C．dumping D．returning 9．A．However B．Therefore C．Additionally D．Consequently 10．A．agricultural B．residential C．industrial D．recreational 11．A．consumption B．conservation C．exploitation D．intervention 12．A．challenging B．rewarding C．fascinating D．engaging 13．A．life-changing B．cutting-edge C．cost-effective D．gene-altered 14．A．considerable B．comprehensive C．innovative D．responsible 15．A．remarkable B．complex C．hidden D．harsh 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋“暮光地带”（中水层）位于海面下200至1000米，虽环境恶劣却物种丰富、生态多样。其生物有独特生存适应方式，且每日垂直迁移，是最大规模定期动物迁徙。“暮光地带”为大型捕食者供食，是“生物泵”关键部分，可减缓气候变化。人们需加深了解，制定政策保护生物多样性、合理利用资源，在全球挑战下，保护“暮光地带”意义重大。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这片光线暗淡的区域，阳光照射不到，温度低，压力大，但却居住着大量的海洋物种。A. housed让……居住；B. excluded排除；C. limited限制；D. obtained获得。根据下文“Recent studies suggest that its fish biomass may be ten times greater than previously estimated”可知，鱼类生物量可能是以前估计的十倍。由此可知，此处应表示这片区域虽然环境恶劣，但“居住”着大量的海洋物种。故选A项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近的研究表明，它的鱼类生物量可能是以前估计的十倍，使其成为地球上最多样化的生态系统之一。A. efficient高效的；B. intensive密集的；C. diverse多样的；D. internal内部的。根据上文“Recent studies suggest that its fish biomass may be ten times greater than previously estimated”可知，该区域鱼类生物量比之前估计的十倍，说明是一个物种“多样的”生态系统。故选C项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些生物中的许多都表现出独特的适应能力，以便在这种黑暗、高压的环境中生存。A. adaptations适应性变化，适应能力；B. preferences偏好；C. insights洞察力；D. rhythms节奏。根据下文“survive in this dark, high-pressure environment”可知，这些生物在黑暗、高压环境中生存，展现出独特的“适应性”。故选A项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个有趣的例子是反照明，小鱼从它们的底部发出光来匹配上面的表面光，让下面的大鱼几乎看不见它们。A. flexible灵活的；B. incredible难以置信的；C. perceptible可察觉的；D. invisible看不见的。根据上文“small fish generate light from their undersides to match the surface light above”可知，小鱼通过反照明使自己与上面的光线匹配，让下面的大鱼几乎“看不见”它们。故选D项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在暮光地带最引人注目的现象之一是它的居民每天的垂直旅行。A. escape逃跑；B. journey行程，旅程；C. settlement定居；D. exploration探索。根据下文“Every night, countless fish, squid, and plankton swim to the surface to feed under the cover of darkness.”可知，twilight zone的居民每天进行垂直“移动”。“journey”有“行程、旅程”的意思，这里指生物的垂直移动过程，符合语境。故选B项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：黎明时分，它们回到更深更安全的水域。A. deeper更深的；B. shallower更浅的；C. warmer更温暖的；D. clearer更清澈的。根据文章开头“the mid water, is a global layer of water stretching from 200 to 1,000 meters below the ocean surface”可知，twilight zone在水下200到1000 米，所以黎明时它们回到更深的地方。故选A项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这片暮光地带为鲸鱼和鲨鱼等大型捕食者提供了食物，它们在生态方面很有价值。A. economic经济的；B. ecological生态的；C. evolutionary进化的；D. biological生物的。根据上文“The twilight zone provides food for larger predators like whales and sharks”可知，鲸鱼和鲨鱼等大型捕食者对生态系统很重要。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它有助于将二氧化碳从地表水转移到深海，防止其以温室气体的形式返回大气。A. bouncing反弹；B. reflecting反射；C. dumping倾倒；D. returning返回。根据上文“It helps transfer carbon dioxide from surface waters to the deep ocean”可知，twilight zone帮助将二氧化碳从表层水转移到深海，防止其“返回”大气。故选D项。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，商业捕鱼利益已经瞄准了这一地区。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Additionally此外；D. Consequently结果。根据上文“Despite its ecological importance, the twilight zone remains largely unexplored.”以及下文内容可知，尽管twilight zone很重要，但商业捕鱼已经瞄准了这个区域，前后是转折关系。故选A项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在对鱼粉和其他产品日益增长的需求的推动下，挪威和日本等国已经开始工业化捕捞濒临灭绝的生物。A. agricultural农业的；B. residential娱乐的；C. industrial工业的；D. recreational娱乐的。根据下文“driven by the growing demand for fish meal and other products”可知，挪威和日本等国在商业利益驱动下开始“工业化”捕捞 twilight-zone的生物。故选C项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了确保暮光地带的可持续利用和保护，我们需要回答有关其生物多样性、生命周期、食物网以及在全球碳循环中的作用等关键问题。A. consumption消耗；B. conservation保护；C. exploitation探索；D. intervention干预。根据下文“we need to answer key questions about its biodiversity, life cycles, food webs, and role in the global carbon cycle”可知，为了可持续利用和“保护”twilight zone，我们需要了解它的相关信息。故选B项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，由于该地区幅员辽阔，变化迅速，难以捕捉和观察其脆弱的生物，因此对该地区的研究具有挑战性。A. challenging有挑战性的；B. rewarding有回报的；C. fascinating迷人的；D. engaging吸引人的。根据下文“due to its vastness, rapid changes, and the difficulty in capturing and observing its delicate organisms”可知，该地区幅员辽阔，变化迅速，难以捕捉和观察其脆弱的生物。由此可知，对该地区的研究具有挑战性。故选A项。 13．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：这项计划将先进的声学、高分辨率相机和基因技术等尖端技术与传统方法结合起来，研究这个复杂的生态系统。A. life-changing改变生活的；B. cutting-edge尖端的；C. cost-effective划算的；D. gene-altered基因改变的。根据下文“such as advanced acoustics, high-resolution cameras, and genetic techniques”可知，该研究项目结合了“尖端的”技术，如先进的声学、高分辨率相机和基因技术。故选B项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过加深我们对暮光地带的了解，我们可以制定政策来保护其生物多样性，并确保负责任地使用其资源。A. considerable相当大的；B. comprehensive全面的；C. innovative创新的；D. responsible负责任的。根据上文“we can develop policies to protect its biodiversity”可知，通过了解暮光地带，我们可以制定政策保护其生物多样性，确保“负责任地”利用其资源。故选D项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海洋暮光地带仍然是一个隐藏的世界，有着令人难以置信的生物多样性和生态重要性。A. remarkable显著的；B. complex复杂的；C. hidden隐藏的；D. harsh严酷的。根据句意以及下文“incredible biodiversity and ecological importance”可知，海洋暮光地带是一个“隐藏的”世界，有着令人难以置信的生物多样性和生态重要性。故选C项。 （2025·上海崇明·二模）The daughters, but not the sons, of women who give birth at age 30 or older are more likely to experience symptoms of depression as young adults, according to research published by the American Psychological Association. Tearne, a doctoral student at the University of Western Australia and lead author of the study, and her colleagues analyzed data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort Study. Pregnant (怀孕的) women were selected into this study, and provided psychological 1 . Their offspring (子女) then underwent psychological 2 at various ages over the next 23 years. In this study, the researchers 3 self-reported levels of various symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress from 1,200 of the offspring at age 20 and compared them with the age of the mother and father at the time the children were born. Daughters whose mothers were over age 30 at the time of 4 had significantly higher levels of stress, depression and anxiety compared with daughters whose mothers were under age 30. However, the fathers' age at that particular time had no effect, and there was no effect found for 5 . While the exact cause of this relationship is not clear, Tearne said she suspects it is not necessarily 6 . “One hypothesis (假设) is that 7 may occur in the mother-daughter relationship because of a large age difference between the two,” said Tearne. “It may be that a 30 or more year age difference between mother and daughter leads to a significant difference in the 8 systems. That may cause 9 in the relationship, leading to stress, worry and sadness in the child, particularly during the transition to young adulthood.” Another possible 10 may be that the women who gave birth over age 30 would be in their 50s at the time their children were assessed. Therefore, they are more likely to be experiencing health problems associated with 11 . This could also lead to higher levels of 12 in the children, Tearne said. Other studies have suggested that daughters are more affected by their mother’s health problems than sons. This could explain why the 13 only appears in daughters, she said. “It is important to remember, too, that the study examined symptoms of distress, rather than 14 diagnosis,” said Monique Robinson, PhD, of the University of Western Australia, another author of the study. “It could be that the offspring of older mothers are at risk for a few more symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, but that does not necessarily mean they will experience a(n) 15 mental disorder.” 1．A．association B．adjustment C．support D．information 2．A．consultation B．intervention C．assessment D．treatment 3．A．looked at B．went after C．responded to D．persisted in 4．A．promotion B．graduation C．marriage D．birth 5．A．sons B．mothers C．daughters D．grandchildren 6．A．temporary B．biological C．subjective D．psychological 7．A．transitions B．difficulties C．interactions D．competitions 8．A．value B．blood C．education D．security 9．A．mistakes B．limits C．tensions D．distractions 10．A．exception B．equivalent C．foundation D．explanation 11．A．income B．promotion C．aging D．exercising 12．A．commitment B．symptoms C．expectations D．consciousness 13．A．effect B．struggle C．friction D．imitation 14．A．initial B．ultimate C．general D．clinical 15．A．rare B．treatable C．diagnosable D．irreversible 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国心理学会发表的一项研究，研究表明，30岁及以上生育的女性所生的女儿在年轻时更容易出现抑郁症状。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：怀孕的女性被选入这项研究，并提供心理信息。A. association协会；B. adjustment调整；C. support支持；D. information信息。根据上文“The daughters, but not the sons, of women who give birth at age 30 or older are more likely to experience symptoms of depression as young adults”和下文“self-reported levels of various symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress”可知，这个实验是有关心理方面的研究，怀孕的女性被提供心理方面的信息。故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的23年里，她们的子女在不同年龄接受了心理评估。A. consultation咨询；B. intervention干预；C. assessment评估；D. treatment治疗。根据下文“at various ages over the next 23 years”和“self-reported levels of various symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress”可知，她们的子女接受了心理评估。故选C。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这项研究中，研究人员观察了1200名子女在20岁时自我报告的抑郁、焦虑和压力等各种症状的程度，并将其与父母在孩子出生时的年龄进行了比较。A. looked at观察；B. went after追逐；C. responded to回应；D. persisted in坚持。根据下文“self-reported levels of various symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress”可知，研究人员观察了子女自我报告的抑郁、焦虑和压力等各种症状的程度。故选A。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与母亲年龄在30岁以下的女儿相比，母亲在分娩时年龄超过30岁的女儿在压力、抑郁和焦虑方面的水平明显更高。A. promotion提升；B. graduation毕业；C. marriage婚姻；D. birth出生。根据上文“compared with daughters whose mothers were under age 30”可知，此处指母亲在分娩时年龄超过30岁的女儿。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，父亲的年龄在当时并没有影响，对儿子也没有影响。A. sons儿子；B. mothers母亲；C. daughters女儿；D. grandchildren孙子。根据上文“The daughters, but not the sons”可知，此处指对儿子没有影响。故选A。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然这种关系的确切原因尚不清楚，但蒂尔尼表示，她怀疑这不一定是生物学上的原因。A. temporary暂时的；B. biological生物的；C. subjective主观的；D. psychological心理的。根据下文“It may be that a 30 or more year age difference between mother and daughter leads to a significant difference”可知，蒂尔尼怀疑这种关系不一定是生物学上的原因。故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：蒂尔尼说：“一个假设是，由于母亲和女儿之间的年龄差异较大，母女关系中可能会出现困难。”A. transitions过渡；B. difficulties困难；C. interactions互动；D. competitions比赛。根据下文“leading to stress, worry and sadness in the child”可知，母女关系中可能会出现困难。故选B。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：母亲和女儿之间30岁或更大的年龄差异可能会导致价值体系的重大差异。A. value价值；B. blood血液；C. education教育；D. security安全。根据前文“It may be that a 30 or more year age difference between mother and daughter leads to a significant difference”和下文“leading to stress, worry and sadness in the child”可知，年龄差异会导致价值体系的重大差异，从而给孩子带来压力、担忧和悲伤。故选A。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可能会导致关系紧张，导致孩子压力、担忧和悲伤，特别是在向年轻成年过渡期间。A. mistakes错误；B. limits限制；C. tensions紧张；D. distractions分心。根据下文“leading to stress, worry and sadness in the child”可知，母女关系紧张会导致孩子压力、担忧和悲伤。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个可能的解释是，30岁以上生育的女性在孩子被评估时已经50多岁了。A. exception例外；B. equivalent等价物；C. foundation基础；D. explanation解释。根据下文“may be that the women who gave birth over age 30 would be in their 50s at the time their children were assessed”可知，此处提供了另一个可能的解释。故选D。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，她们更有可能出现与衰老相关的健康问题。A. income收入；B. promotion提升；C. aging衰老；D. exercising锻炼。根据上文“the women who gave birth over age 30 would be in their 50s”可知，50多岁的女性更有可能出现与衰老相关的健康问题。故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：蒂尔尼说，这也可能导致儿童出现更高水平的症状。A. commitment承诺；B. symptoms症状；C. expectations期望；D. consciousness意识。根据下文“symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress”和“Other studies have suggested that daughters are more affected by their mother’s health problems than sons”可知，此处指儿童出现更高水平的症状。故选B。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说，这可以解释为什么这种影响只出现在女儿身上。A. effect影响；B. struggle挣扎；C. friction摩擦；D. imitation模仿。根据上文“Daughters whose mothers were over age 30 at the time of 　　4　　 had significantly higher levels of stress, depression and anxiety”可知，母亲年龄对女儿的影响。故选A。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：西澳大利亚大学的另一位研究作者、博士莫妮克·罗宾逊说：“同样重要的是要记住，这项研究考察的是痛苦的症状，而不是临床诊断。”A. initial最初的；B. ultimate最终的；C. general一般的；D. clinical临床的。根据上文“symptoms of distress”可知，此处与临床诊断形成对比，指的是痛苦的症状。故选D。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这可能是年长母亲的后代更容易出现一些抑郁、焦虑和压力的症状，但这并不一定意味着他们会患上可诊断的精神疾病。A. rare稀有的；B. treatable可治疗的；C. diagnosable可诊断的；D. irreversible不可逆转的。根据上文“It could be that the offspring of older mothers are at risk for a few more symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, but ”可知，这并不一定意味着他们会患上可诊断的精神疾病。故选C。 （2025·上海嘉定·二模）Imagine a world where machines don’t just respond to commands but actually understand how you feel. Your phone senses sadness in your voice and suggests calling a friend; your computer sees you’ re tired and reminds you to rest. Sounds 1 ? Not anymore. Emotion AI — the technology that allows machines to recognize and interpret human emotions — is already here. For Rana el Kaliouby, this idea was 2 . Years ago, when she moved from Egypt to the UK, she and her husband kept in touch through text messages. But something was 3 : No matter how many words they exchanged, he couldn’t see the exhaustion on her face or hear the sadness in her voice. That experience planted a seed in her mind: What if technology could bridge that emotional 4 ? Driven by this vision, she co-founded Affectiva, a company specializing in emotion-detecting AI. The concept is simple yet powerful. Machines are trained to recognize emotions through facial expressions, tone of voice, and even body language. Affectiva, 5 , works with marketing firms to analyze how people react to advertisements. Meanwhile, companies like Behavioral Signals focus on voice analysis, using tone and speech patterns to discover emotions in customer service calls. The potential 6 are vast, from education to healthcare to driver safety. But here’s the catch: recognizing an emotion isn’t the same as 7 it. A furrowed brow (皱眉) — does it mean anger, deep thought, or just bad lighting? A scowl (怒视) could signal frustration, but it might just as 8 indicate concentration. And then there’s 9 — what looks like$$ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题03 完形填空（16区二模真题速递） 全篇题型分析 题号 难度系数 详细知识点 1 0.4 职业内容；社会问题与社会现象；说明文 2 0.4 方法/策略；哲理感悟；说明文 3 0.15 科普知识 ；社会问题与社会现象；说明文 4 0.4 科普知识 ；说明文 5 0.4 科普知识 ；说明文 6 0.4 职业内容；社会问题与社会现象；说明文 7 0.4 音乐与舞蹈；说明文；人工智能 8 0.4 科普知识 ；说明文 9 0.4 社会问题与社会现象；说明文 10 0.65 历史知识；说明文；茶文化 11 0.4 科普知识 ；说明文；人工智能 12 0.15 科普知识 ；说明文；语言变化及发展 13 0.4 科普知识 ；环境保护；说明文 14 0.4 科普知识 ；说明文 15 0.4 说明文；人工智能 16 0.65 社会问题与社会现象；说明文 （2025·上海长宁·二模）One of the quickest ways to get a job lately has been to announce on social media that you were laid off. Despite the overall strength of the job market, layoffs have been increasing in recent months. Companies in the entertainment, automotive, and financial industries, such as Netflix, Tesla, and JPMorgan Chase, have all announced layoffs, and more are 1 in the technology, aerospace, and travel sectors. However, many recently laid-off 2 are turning to social media platforms to share their experiences and seek new employment opportunities. What was once considered an embarrassing no-no has now become a(n) 3 move to show one’s toughness and readiness for new challenges. Nathan Felt, 4 , shared his layoff experience online after losing his position as a director of product design at Guaranteed Rate. He expressed a mix of disappointment and hope for the future, and provided a podcast discussing how 5 can lead to growth opportunities. His post, which did not 6 ask for a job, received numerous responses, including several job offers. He eventually started a new role as a product-design leader at Amazon. Career coaches advise job seekers to avoid 7 bitterness in their online posts. 8 , they suggest expressing gratitude for their previous employment and conveying eagerness for new opportunities. Liz Maupin, a marketing producer in Los Angeles, posted about her dismissal. She wrote, “If you hear of anything, I’m a lovely producer and am 9 about keeping working." Within 24 hours, she was flooded with responses, and one of them turned into a job offer, which she described as” 10 ". Others who have successfully found new jobs through social media emphasize the importance of providing 11 information, such as job titles, experience levels, and their value to a team. Sarah Nelson, who works in human resources, 12 her layoff from a San Francisco firm on a social media platform. She 13 in conversations with several companies. Recently she started a new remote job as a recruiter (招聘人员) with Dandy, an online dental lab platform, in Scottsdale, Ariz. Silvia Fuentes, who revealed her layoff last week, specified that she was seeking a mid-level digital product designer role. She included the phrase “hmu” (“hit me up”, meaning “contact me”) in her 14 for job opportunities. She was 15 by several professionals online in no time, and she has had a few initial conversations so far. 1．A．maintained B．advocated C．expected D．disciplined 2．A．receivers B．candidates C．individuals D．employers 3．A．risky B．false C．defensive D．strategic 4．A．on the whole B．in particular C．as a result D．for instance 5．A．shelters B．setbacks C．achievements D．promotions 6．A．directly B．gratefully C．randomly D．skillfully 7．A．generating B．displaying C．overcoming D．acknowledging 8．A．Instead B．Nevertheless C．Hence D．Meanwhile 9．A．flexible B．enthusiastic C．ambitious D．pessimistic 10．A．accidental B．irresistible C．controversial D．incredible 11．A．classified B．statistical C．detailed D．timely 12．A．publicized B．negotiated C．battled D．caused 13．A．specialized B．believed C．engaged D．intervened 14．A．request B．demand C．preference D．criterion 15．A．wrapped up B．logged out C．called off D．tracked down （2025·上海黄浦·二模）Tragic optimism, which means finding meaning and maintaining hope despite inevitable pain, loss and suffering, is a crucial life skill. There are three tragedies that everyone faces. The first tragedy is 1 pain, because we are made of flesh and bone. The second is guilt, because we have the freedom to make choices and thus feel responsible when things don’t go our way. The third is loss, because we must face the reality that everything we value is 2 , including our own lives. Tragic optimism means acknowledging, accepting and even expecting that life will contain hardship and hurt, then doing everything we can to move forward with a 3 attitude anyway. It recognizes that one cannot be happy by trying to be happy all the time, or worse yet, 4 we ought to be. Rather, tragic optimism holds space for the full range of human experience and emotion, giving us 5 to feel happiness and sadness, hope and fear, loss and possibility — sometimes in the same day, and even in the same hour. Tragic optimism does not encourage 6 seeking out or romanticizing misery. Not everything has to be meaningful; sometimes things are just 7 . Instead, tragic optimism realizes the inevitability of 8 but also that we ourselves can determine how we face it. Difficult moments often lead to extreme behaviors: what’s now known as 9 positivity on the one hand — tricking ourselves that everything is great — or extreme negativity and desperation on the other. Both 10 us of doing anything about the situation. Extreme optimism and unrealistic belief, at root, 11 that anything is wrong; and if nothing is wrong, there is nothing to worry about and nothing to change. Extreme negativity and desperation are so harsh that they essentially say that any action would be 12 . Between these two poles exists a third way: 13 wise hope and wise action. Wise hope and wise action ask us to 14 a situation and see it clearly for what it is, and then gather the strength, courage and resolve to focus on what we can control. We remind ourselves that we have faced challenges before. We continue because to stand still is not a(n) 15 . 1．A．constant B．mental C．physical D．sudden 2．A．impermanent B．irresistible C．unbelievable D．unrealistic 3．A．critical B．flexible C．positive D．sympathetic 4．A．assuming B．complaining C．rejecting D．warning 5．A．memory B．motives C．permission D．rewards 6．A．actively B．hesitantly C．initially D．materialistically 7．A．awful B．beneficial C．relevant D．unnoticed 8．A．conflict B．departure C．romance D．suffering 9．A．balanced B．blind C．conditional D．infectious 10．A．accuse B．free C．inform D．remind 11．A．confirm B．deny C．imply D．recognize 12．A．pointless B．preventive C．successful D．violent 13．A．committing to B．fighting against C．participating in D．reflecting on 14．A．accept B．create C．exploit D．mask 15．A．beginning B．example C．option D．trend （2025·上海杨浦·二模）“Honesty is the best policy” is a common saying, but in many situations, people do not want to hear the truth. Whether it’s a fact of life that they 1 were otherwise or a criticism of their behavior, everyone has truths that they want to ignore. These truths are called truth bombs, especially when they are told in a 2 way. This comparison shows that truth can cause damage if not handled well. Sometimes we drop truth bombs out of anger. We may 3 our words by saying that we need to express our emotions or to help the other person change their ways. But often we use the truth as a(n) 4 to make the other person feel bad and to repay them for what they did. Truth bombs rarely lead to productive discussion because they cause a 5 reaction. The receiver may 6 the criticism or counter it with a truth bomb of their own. Truth bombs also often fail to represent the whole truth. Anger can make it difficult to see the big picture, leading to an 7 misrepresentation of the truth. Sometimes people do need to hear hard truths. Pretending that problems do not 8 can weaken trust just as much as dropping truth bombs can. And failing to address problems in relationships can lead to hatred, which may 9 boil over into conflict. But it is possible to 10 truth without turning it into a bomb. Here are some ways to do that: ● Pay attention to timing. It is often helpful to give the person some advance 11 so they have time to mentally prepare. ● Ask questions. Don’t make 12 about people’ s motivation, but ask them the reasons for their actions. Also ask if there are problems that are 13 their mistakes that you could help with. These questions will help you grasp the situation more fully, and the recipient may accept the criticism more easily. ● Be as specific as possible about the problem. Avoid sweeping statements and generalizations that use terms such as “ 14 ” and “never.” By presenting truth and addressing problems in a constructive way, you can strengthen relationships and avoid the emotional 15 . 1．A．declare B．wish C．foresee D．show 2．A．friendly B．logical C．harsh D．concrete 3．A．repeat B．justify C．digest D．misuse 4．A．anchor B．trial C．pattern D．weapon 5．A．defensive B．positive C．creative D．comparative 6．A．accept B．analyze C．encounter D．reject 7．A．accidental B．additional C．intentional D．external 8．A．disappear B．swing C．exist D．pause 9．A．eventually B．regularly C．equally D．violently 10．A．spread B．stretch C．communicate D．cover 11．A．planning B．warning C．training D．modelling 12．A．inquiries B．confessions C．assumptions D．adjustments 13．A．mixing with B．putting off C．setting out D．contributing to 14．A．always B．relatively C．perhaps D．initially 15．A．response B．damage C．support D．experience （2025·上海徐汇·二模）Are noise-cancelling headphones damaging our hearing skills? Noise-cancelling headphones have become a popular choice for many, offering a way to block out background noise and letting us enjoy music at lower volumes. 1 , some experts are worried that using these headphones too much might make it harder for our brains to process sounds properly. Renee Almeida, an audiologist (听力学家), has noticed a small increase in adults coming to her clinic with 2 issues. They might fail to 3 where a sound is coming from, or struggle to follow a conversation on the train, in a bar or at a restaurant. The condition, known as auditory processing disorder (APD), is often diagnosed in children, so the rise in adults with similar issues struck Almeida as 4 . Almeida suspects that the widespread use of noise-cancelling headphones could be a 5 . She explains that our brains are used to dealing with thousands of different sounds at the same time and deciding which ones are worth paying attention to. 6 , when a dog barks outside, the brain quickly identifies the sound and dismisses it as unimportant. However, noise-cancelling headphones 7 the brain to a single source of sound, such as music or a podcast, potentially weakening its ability to process 8 sounds. Almeida also notes that the overuse of noise-cancelling headphones could harm the developmental process by which children learn to 9 sounds. For adults, it could make their brains lazy, just as muscles 10 without exercise. In both cases, people could struggle to distinguish speech from background noise. Despite these 11 , there is currently no scientific evidence proving that noise-cancelling headphones cause APD．Nor is there sufficient data showing a rise in the condition. But Almeida believes the question deserves attention. Prof. Dani Tomlin from the University of Melbourne 12 that people who use noise-cancelling headphones for long periods may find listening harder when they take them off. But she says “the 13 should not be overlooked”, for helping individuals to listen to music and movies on planes and trains. “Instead of suggesting 14 noise-cancelling headphones, we need more comprehensive research studies,” she adds. For now, Almeida recommends 15 like bone conduction headphones. She also encourages people to actively engage in listening exercises to maintain their auditory processing skills. 1．A．Instead B．Moreover C．Otherwise D．However 2．A．learning B．socializing C．hearing D．reading 3．A．indicate B．locate C．recall D．sustain 4．A．common B．raw C．odd D．predictable 5．A．primary stage B．contributing factor C．direct consequence D．temporary solution 6．A．For example B．In conclusion C．As a result D．On the contrary 7．A．expand B．reserve C．limit D．detect 8．A．multiple B．external C．unfamiliar D．inviting 9．A．clear away B．attend to C．tune out D．trace back 10．A．strengthen B．tighten C．weaken D．stimulate 11．A．concerns B．efforts C．threats D．trends 12．A．protests B．suspects C．acknowledges D．opposes 13．A．risks B．benefits C．requests D．costs 14．A．monitoring B．tolerating C．purchasing D．abandoning 15．A．alternatives B．restrictions C．opponents D．perspectives （2025·上海青浦·二模）Compliments are no straightforward matter and require skills and knowledge. Done well, words of praise can be 1 for human relations at home and at work. But done poorly, compliments can be ineffective, even destructive. What follows is a research-based guide to tell you what kind of compliments are 2 . Whether the compliment is effective in 3 the other person depends on whether it is believable, appropriate, and unqualified. To begin with, a good compliment must not 4 with its recipient’s self-image. If you tell me my hair looks good, I will dismiss it and suspect your 5 , because I have no hair on the head. More generally, people with low self-esteem don’t usually receive compliments well, probably because the compliment does not ring true with their negative view of themselves, and so they 6 it. Even if a compliment agrees with one’s self-image, scholars writing in 2022 in Current Psychology concluded, it must meet three criteria to be accepted by its 7 . The praise must come from a person with credibility to give it, it must be sincere and unplanned, and it must occur in the appropriate 8 . Consider, for example, how you’d respond to an excessive compliment from a salesperson you’d never met about how smart you are when you’re 9 a particular purchase. You’d probably find that kind of compliment annoying, because the person doesn’t know you well enough to judge your true 10 and is simply praising you to make a sale. The compliment fails on all three counts: the praiser lacks credibility, their sincerity is suspect, and your willingness to spend money in a store is not a meaningful context for 11 your intelligence. Some compliments are not just ineffective; they actually cause harm. My Harvard colleagues have conducted research into backhanded praise, which puts someone down by comparing their good quality with a negative 12 . An example of a destructive compliment would be “You look pretty good for a guy with no hair on the head” — not that I’m insecure or anything — because this sets such a low 13 on the praise. Other ways to give negative praise include comparisons with past 14 (“This draft is certainly better than the last one”), with poor expectations (“Your work is better than I expected”), and with a conventional conception (“This work isn’t bad for a Yale graduate”). In their experiments, the authors found that the complimenters thought these backhanded comparisons were 15 , but both recipients and third-party observers disagreed. 1．A．universal B．efficient C．heartfelt D．comforting 2．A．showered B．preferred C．emphasized D．misinterpreted 3．A．stretching B．persuading C．uplifting D．understanding 4．A．conflict B．compete C．associate D．agree 5．A．crafts B．vision C．motives D．competence 6．A．discount B．defend C．reverse D．receive 7．A．image B．market C．status D．object 8．A．manner B．purchase C．order D．context 9．A．putting off B．leaning toward C．turning down D．pushing through 10．A．qualities B．intentions C．potentials D．tendencies 11．A．overestimating B．grading C．suspecting D．developing 12．A．comment B．equivalent C．impression D．standard 13．A．quantity B．profile C．ceiling D．reputation 14．A．draft B．anticipation C．trend D．failure 15．A．deliberate B．positive C．distressing D．specific （2025·上海宝山·二模）Unemployment is a significant problem in many developing countries. Without steady work, individuals 1 to rise out of poverty, and the community as a whole also misses out. Many unemployed people could have done much good through their labor if they had been given the opportunity to contribute. 2 , without opportunities for reasonable work, young people sometimes turn to crime and violence in order to provide for themselves. Thus, giving people opportunities to work is essential for the community’s well-being. Unemployment creates many different problems for communities. Encouraging people to start businesses is an effective way to reduce unemployment, and this can be done in several ways. Education plays a vital role in 3 people for certain jobs, but many young people find that even if they are 4 , the jobs are just not there. This was the situation that Rwandan entrepreneur Noel Nizeyimana faced. When he graduated from university with a degree in soil and environmental science, he sent out application after application but received no job offers, so he turned to creating his own business. With three of his colleagues, he founded Greencare Rwanda Ltd., a company that transforms waste into products that can be used for various purposes. 5 , one of the company’s programs processes waste and turns it into organic fertilizer used by local farmers. The company has also 6 into plastic recycling and produces paving materials from sand and plastic. Thus, Greencare Rwanda is providing materials for other industries as well. Greencare Rwanda Ltd was able to 7 the ground largely due to funds it received from the UN Youth Joint Programme. This program is a(n) 8 to reach the UN’s sustainable development goal of “decent work and economic growth.” The assistance 9 helped Greencare, which now produces 400 tons of fertilizer and 2,560 square meters of paving materials per year. It also employs 25 people, which shows that helping people start businesses provides work for more than just the person who receives the funds. All this raises the question of what more can be done to 10 young people to start their own businesses. Providing funds to cover the initial costs, as the UN Youth Joint Programme did for Nizeyimana, is certainly important as the starting costs for businesses can be 11 high. Governments are sometimes hesitant to provide funds to startups because success is not 12 . Starting a business is risky, and nobody wants to waste money, but experts 13 that governments should not impose (强加) too many requirements. Different regions will need different 14 , so trying to impose a set of one size fits all requirements can restrict growth rather than promote it. While there are other ways to address unemployment, 15 young business owners is one of the most effective — especially when those businesses produce goods that genuinely help local communities. 1．A．complain B．abandon C．struggle D．dislike 2．A．Less B．Better C．More D．Worse 3．A．equipping B．promoting C．persuading D．recognizing 4．A．accepted B．qualified C．recommended D．informed 5．A．For example B．In addition C．As a result D．Above all 6．A．changed B．adapted C．enriched D．expanded 7．A．put off B．give off C．get off D．take off 8．A．standard B．attempt C．consequence D．success 9．A．definitely B．positively C．negatively D．specifically 10．A．employ B．enable C．educate D．force 11．A．objectively B．subjectively C．automatically D．extremely 12．A．imitated B．predicted C．guaranteed D．achieved 13．A．warn B．command C．promise D．threaten 14．A．requirements B．approaches C．features D．advantages 15．A．charging B．forbidding C．permitting D．encouraging （2025·上海普陀·二模）As machine-learning music specialist Prof Nick Bryan-Kinns explains, new neural (神经) networks are capable of writing original music — but may never — 1 meaningful lyrics (歌词). Music AIs use neural networks that are really large sets of bits of computers that try to 2 how the brain works. And you can basically throw lots of music at this neural network and it learns patterns — just like how the human brain does by 3 being shown things. What’s 4 about today’s neural networks is that they’re getting bigger and bigger, and they’re becoming harder and harder for humans to understand what they’re actually doing. We’re getting to a point now where we have these essentially black boxes that we put music into and nice new music 5 . But we don’t really understand the details of what it’s doing. These neural networks also 6 a lot of energy. If you’re trying to train AI to analyze the last 20 years of pop music, for instance, you’re 7 all that data in and then using a lot of electricity to do the analysis and to generate a new song. At some point, we’re going to have to question whether the environmental impact is worth this new music. There’s a little bit of 8 and mirrors going on with AI music at the moment. You can throw Amy Winehouse’s back catalogue into an AI and a load of music will come out. But somebody has to go and 9 that. They have to decide which parts they like and which parts the AI needs to 10 a bit more. The problem is that we’re trying to train the AI to make music that we like, but we’re not 11 it to make music that it likes. Maybe the computer likes a different kind of music than we do. Maybe the future would just be all the AIs listening to music together without humans. I’m also kind of 12 that one as well. AI can generate lyrics that are interesting and have an interesting narrative flow. But lyrics for songs are typically based on lyricists’ 13 , what’s happened to them. Lyricists write about falling in love, things that have gone wrong in their lives, or simple 14 like watching the sunrise. AIs don’t do that. I’m not sure that an AI will have that potential to be able to 15 something meaningful to people. 1．A．interpret B．compose C．recite D．perform 2．A．reflect B．stimulate C．replace D．imitate 3．A．repeatedly B．consequently C．randomly D．instantly 4．A．sensible B．harmonious C．tricky D．curious 5．A．runs out B．comes out C．gives out D．puts out 6．A．consume B．preserve C．generate D．waste 7．A．displaying B．processing C．feeding D．gathering 8．A．smoke B．light C．cloud D．fire 9．A．promote B．play C．memorize D．edit 10．A．decide on B．work on C．insist on D．rely on 11．A．requesting B．persuading C．allowing D．enabling 12．A．doubtful about B．incapable of C．confident about D．convinced of 13．A．contributions B．experiences C．resolution D．fantasy 14．A．anxieties B．burdens C．duties D．pleasures 15．A．attain B．broadcast C．communicate D．restore （2025·上海金山·二模）Ten years ago, Kavita Favelle was enjoying a beer tasting event when she and other beer enthusiasts were each given small pieces of paper to put in their mouths. The bite-sized paper contained a(n) 1 of a bitter chemical. By needing to spit it out, the 52-year-old 2 herself to be one of the 25 percent of the population known as super-tasters. “Your taste type is determined by how strongly you 3 this bitter taste,” says Andrew Costanzo, expert in food and nutrition. “Super-tasters find it 4 , normal tasters don’t mind it and the 25 percent of non-tasters can’t taste it at all.” Which of these three groups you fall into can play a role in what you choose to eat with 5 effects to health. Super-tasters, like Favelle, tend to avoid foods that they consider taste bitter. On the positive side, this means they are less likely to smoke or drink alcohol. On the negative side, they tend to 6 certain vegetables which are high in bitter compounds – but also contain cancer-fighting compounds. 7 this was thought to be why super-tasters have a higher risk of some cancers than non-tasters, “but it turns out that the issue is more than that,” says Dr Costanzo. “They have generally less 8 diets possibly because they are more careful about trying new things.” And this could consequently lower their general level of nutrition and exposure to 9 compounds. Super-tasters also tend to add more salt to their food, as salt 10 bitterness, which might lead to negative health effects like raising blood pressure. Medium or normal tasters tend to have a broader ability to taste because they are neither 11 to bitter-tasting foods, nor do they need to soak their food in sauces to make it tasty. While super-tasters avoid certain foods, non-tasters have the opposite issue. They tend to be higher in weight than super-tasters, possibly because they need higher quantities of high fat, high sugar foods to satisfy their 12 needs. Besides, the fact that their taste isn’t so sensitive might also have a(n) 13 influence on immunity (免疫力). It’s discovered that non-tasters were more likely than super-tasters to test positive to COVID． 14 , they had worse symptoms (症状) when they did. Primarily, what determines whether you are a super-taster or a non-taster is genetics. While we can’t change our genes, we can 15 our taste-buds in ways that make us feel more comfortable eating more of the things we should and less of those we shouldn’t. No matter what type you are, understanding your taste preferences can help you a lot with your health. 1．A．sample B．component C．stock D．product 2．A．introduced B．revealed C．adjusted D．allowed 3．A．digest B．neglect C．perceive D．transform 4．A．fantastic B．appealing C．nasty D．plain 5．A．chain B．side C．mirror D．exposure 6．A．come up with B．get down to C．run away from D．give way to 7．A．Originally B．Essentially C．Inevitably D．Increasingly 8．A．healthy B．damaging C．controversial D．diverse 9．A．additional B．organic C．chemical D．protective 10．A．replaces B．hides C．strengthens D．removes 11．A．accustomed B．reluctant C．familiar D．opposed 12．A．emotional B．psychological C．survival D．flavour 13．A．noticeable B．unpleasant C．insignificant D．temporary 14．A．However B．Therefore C．Moreover D．Instead 15．A．trick B．convert C．reverse D．perfect （2025·上海静安·二模）Forget the sales, hit the rails I hate sales fashion shopping: there is no pleasure to be had in finding things reduced to a slim part of the full price I paid four months ago, especially when that same 1 item is still swinging its full-price tag in my cupboard. No, the only good thing about a fashion sale is that it 2 a new season — and the only ones I like, therefore, are those in which the sales racks (挂衣架) sit alongside rails of shiny, previously unseen stock. When Isay unseen, I mean exactly that. Many of the clothes in store now have neither graced a catwalk nor featured in 3 . Slightly more commercial and often less expensive than their catwalk counterparts, these are the pre-collections: the pearls of the fashion cycle. There are two “pre” collections: pre-fall will gradually flow to store from June until September, when the clothes will be joined by the 4 autumn pieces, previously seen on catwalks. The other “pre” collection goes into shops from November 5   of the spring collections. Pre-collections are a different beast from the main shows: the clothes are less 6 and the styles less daring. They are typically more wearable. No surprise, then, that today they make up 70-80 per cent of a fashion house’s annual sales, producing the majority of a house’s 7 . Considering the financial might of these collections, one would be forgiven for wondering why we even 8 seasonal fashion shows. It seems a(n) 9 that most of the clothes we buy have nothing to do with what we see on the catwalk. So is the fashion show 10 ? Most fashion insiders insist there is no other choice. Financially, the show is still the best channel for buyers to 11 the heat of a fashion house before they make their orders. Editorially, a fashion week is still the best way in which media attention is 12 . And, creatively, the show is still held as being the most direct demonstration of a designer’s 13 . Hence, the pre-collections exist for a reason. They are just like those great character actors who appear in dramas starring bigger household names. They are never out of work and are greatly good value but they are 14 recognized. But things are changing. Next Saturday, a house will present its pre-collection show, in Paris, drawing to a close an unofficial “season” in which pre-collections are being staged. This year, such pre-collection shows are actually 15 . Where once they amounted to a few looks, they are now massive. The ugly duckling of the fashion industry finally has its moment. 1．A．unworn B．enclosed C．threaded D．misplaced 2．A．outweighs B．announces C．beats D．exhausts 3．A．society B． parade C．editorial D．ceremony 4．A．familiar B．luxurious C．controversial D．original 5．A．in need B．in advance C．in charge D．in favor 6．A．domestic B．intelligent C．organic D．unusual 7．A．customers B．profits C．advertisements D．applications 8．A．bother with B．account  for C．adjust  to D．deal with 9．A．mercy B．mission C．contradiction D．resolution 10．A．trendy B．comprehensive C．ambitious D．useless 11．A．contain B．assess C．exchange D．celebrate 12．A．matched B．conveyed C．maximized D．controlled 13．A．vision B．status C．obstacle D．definition 14．A．universally B．readily C．temporarily D．barely 15．A．mushrooming B．declining C．cooperating D．comparing （2025·上海松江·二模）History of tea lasts throughout thousands of years and crosses into various stories. Nowadays, you can buy hundreds of tea varieties to address many physical health issues, as tea is supported by 1 science. However, in ancient times, tea was a philosophical creation, not just a drink — wise men experienced the 2 growth through the drinking of tea. Learning about the history of tea is, 3 , quite fascinating. Unlike some traditional drinks, tea begins with the tale of an emperor in China, almost 5000 years ago. Around 2700 BC, Emperor Shen Nong discovered tea purely 4 . The well-known leader and wise man was boiling water in his garden when a loose leaf from a tree accidentally fell in and 5 the water. He was so fascinated with the taste of drink that he later applied his scientific knowledge to the process and 6 the various benefits of tea in his further research into plants. From ancient China, tea traveled to Xizang and India. Tang Dynasty in China began to promote the drink for its medicinal benefits, leading to much formal writing on the subject. These 7 covered ancient tea preparations and practices, and became significant comparisons to how we use tea in the modern days. Monks (僧侣) and poets 8 tea East and West. And then in the 9th century it reached Japan. But it was given the cold shoulder and stayed 9 until Matcha, green tea made into powder, was later invented by the locals. And Matcha became the innovation that 10 Japan’s passion for tea in the 13th century. In Ming Dynasty, people started making tea as we do today and businessmen began 11 green tea, trading it with explorers throughout Europe and Asia. In the 17th century, Dutch people traded it on the Silk Road. This led tea to England in 1657, where it quickly became a popular drink nationwide, from the royal court to 12 citizens. As the British East India Company became the 13 trading empire on the planet — controlling around half of the world’s trade in goods, colonies (殖民地) under its administration naturally picked up the habit. History of tea also involves a way of showing 14 . The Americans once expressed their anger with the British Empire by throwing tea into the port in Boston. Yet sometime later, through Tea Acts, preferential tax policies, new health food trends and more, tea restored its popularity worldwide. However the world shifts, in some places, such as China, tea 15 the national drink of choice. 1．A．astonishing B．groundbreaking C．environmental D．medicinal 2．A．spiritual B．fundamental C．financial D．biological 3．A．in contrast B．therefore C．for instance D．however 4．A．on purpose B．by chance C．with effort D．in secret 5．A．polluted B．purified C．flavored D．colored 6．A．buried B．calculated C．uncovered D．popularized 7．A．documents B．demonstrations C．tendencies D．theories 8．A．improved B．consumed C．sweetened D．spread 9．A．welcome B．bitter C．controversial D．inactive 10．A．blocked B．awakened C．promoted D．suspended 11．A．giving up B．tearing down C．dealing in D．sorting out 12．A．global B．senior C．plain D．urban 13．A．stylish B．dominant C．united D．undignified 14．A．progresses B．drawbacks C．approval D．opposition 15．A．remains B．turns C．replaces D．overtakes （2025·上海虹口·二模）Superhuman artificial intelligence is already among us, well, sort of. When it comes to playing games like chess or solving difficult scientific challenges, computers are well ahead of us. But we have one superpower they aren’t even close to 1 : mind reading. Humans have an ability to work out the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can 2 other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. Reading minds comes so 3 to us, though, that we often don’t think to spell out what we want. If AIs are to become truly 4 in everyday life — in the case of self-driving cars, to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball—they need to establish similar abilities. The trouble is that doing so is far harder than training a chess grandmaster, for it involves dealing with the uncertainties of human behaviour and requires flexible thinking, which AIs have typically 5 . But recent developments, including a game-playing AI that learned to cooperate with humans and AIs that can succeed at hide-and-seek, show that 6 smart machines aren’t a pipe dream. 7 , thinking about others could be a step towards a grander goal — AI with self-awareness. “If we want robots, or AI in general, to truly 8 into our lives, then we have to figure this out,” says Hod Lipson at Columbia University, New York. Psychologists refer to the ability to 9 another’s mental state as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very 10 age: by 9 months, babies understand that people’s actions are linked to their goals; between 18 months and 2 years, they start to 11 that each person’s goals can be different because we have unique desires. 12 , by the age of about 5, humans have a fairly advanced ability to guess what others are thinking. How to 13 these capabilities in machines is far from clear, though. Part of the problem is that what we describe as theory of mind is, in fact, not just one thing, but a large collection of abilities. At the simpler end of it is the capacity to understand the 14 behind actions, while at the other extreme is the kind of complicated social skills you get in a Jane Austen novel. It is important to remember, though, that the effort to teach machines theory of mind is a 15 on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building machines that can truly experience feelings. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But perhaps, along the way, we will learn something about ourselves too. 1．A．abusing B．enhancing C．mastering D．transforming 2．A．anticipate B．control C．defend D．support 3．A．lively B．rarely C．naturally D．unexpectedly 4．A．useful B．modern C．delicate D．real 5．A．contested with B．struggled with C．engaged with D．disagreed with 6．A．financially B．socially C．physically D．culturally 7．A．For example B．On the contrary C．In summary D．What’s more 8．A．bump B．inquire C．translate D．integrate 9．A．infer B．alter C．interrupt D．document 10．A．different B．present C．young D．average 11．A．deny B．forget C．grasp D．ignore 12．A．Regrettably B．Distressingly C．Hopefully D．Remarkably 13．A．examine B．reproduce C．expand D．restore 14．A．motivations B．consequences C．problems D．conflicts 15．A．stepping stone B．turning point C．road block D．dead end （2025·上海闵行·二模）Language allows us to describe actions, qualities, and relationships in both real and imagined experiences. A key question in linguistics (语言学) is how languages developed. Recent research suggests that iconicity — the connection between form and meaning — may have played a crucial role in the 1 . People can’t overcome language barriers and understand each other without iconicity. We often use our hands and bodies, 2 , to act out meanings, showing the sizes and shapes of objects. The key to forming new symbols is the use of iconicity. Not limited to 3 , iconicity appears in visual communication too. Traffic signs, food packaging, and maps all use iconicity to make information easy to understand, regardless of the 4 . Iconicity also exists in 5 . To explore this, researchers organized a contest where participants recorded sounds to express different meanings. These sounds could not contain actual words or 6 expressions like “BOOM” for an explosion. Listeners then tried to match the sounds to a set of written options, and the contestant whose sounds were most accurately 7 won the contest. The results were surprising — listeners successfully identified the intended 8 of the sounds. Yet, all the contestants and listeners were English speakers. Thus, it was possible that listeners’ success relied on 9 cultural knowledge. To test if this phenomenon existed across 10 , researchers conducted a broader Internet survey, translating the experiment into 25 languages. Participants from different linguistic backgrounds listened to the sounds and 11 their meanings from six written options. The findings showed 12 accuracy levels across different language groups. English speakers had the highest accuracy rate at 74%, while Portuguese speakers scored 34%. Though far from perfect, these results were much higher than the expected chance rate of 8%. These studies show that our capacity for iconic communication has played a fundamental role in language 13 . Iconicity enables individuals to express meanings in ways that are not 14 dependent on specific linguistic knowledge. Without this 15 , language may never have developed into the complex system we have today. 1．A．description B．style C．interaction D．process 2．A．as a result B．in particular C．for example D．in other words 3．A．objects B．formation C．understanding D．gesturing 4．A．language B．evidence C．hints D．explanation 5．A．cultures B．sounds C．labs D．competitions 6．A．sound-imitating B．carefully-chosen C．imaginary D．shocking 7．A．heard B．repeated C．interpreted D．recorded 8．A．meanings B．purposes C．volume D．speed 9．A．extensive B．shared C．traditional D．classic 10．A．cultures B．generations C．careers D．situations 11．A．added B．clarified C．acquired D．guessed 12．A．similar B．varying C．satisfactory D．experimental 13．A．ability B．acquisition C．evolution D．diversity 14．A．skillfully B．routinely C．vividly D．entirely 15．A．knowledge B．ability C．awareness D．finding （2025·上海奉贤·二模）The ocean twilight zone, also known as the mid water, is a global layer of water stretching from 200 to 1,000 meters below the ocean surface. This dimly lit region, just beyond the reach of sunlight, is cold and under high pressure, yet it 1 a host of marine species. Recent studies suggest that its fish biomass may be ten times greater than previously estimated, making it one of the most 2 ecosystems on Earth. The twilight zone is home to a wide variety of organisms. Many of these creatures exhibit unique 3 to survive in this dark, high-pressure environment. One fascinating example is counter-illumination (反照明), where small fish generate light from their undersides to match the surface light above, making them nearly 4 to big fish below. One of the most remarkable phenomena in the twilight zone is the daily vertical (垂直的；纵向 的) 5 of its inhabitants. Every night, countless fish, squid, and plankton swim to the surface to feed under the cover of darkness. At dawn, they return to the 6 , safer waters. This daily migration is the largest regular animal movement on the planet, occurring every 24 hours across the world’s oceans. The twilight zone provides food for larger predators like whales and sharks, which are valuable for 7 reasons. Additionally, the twilight zone acts as a critical part of the ocean’s "biological pump". It helps transfer carbon dioxide from surface waters to the deep ocean, preventing it from 8 to the atmosphere as a greenhouse gas. This process is vital for reducing climate change. Despite its ecological importance, the twilight zone remains largely unexplored. 9 , commercial fishing interests are already targeting this region. Countries like Norway and Japan have begun 10 harvesting of twilight-zone organisms, driven by the growing demand for fish meal and other products. To ensure sustainable use and 11 of the twilight zone, we need to answer key questions about its biodiversity, life cycles, food webs, and role in the global carbon cycle. However, studying this region is 12 due to its vastness, rapid changes, and the difficulty in capturing and observing its delicate organisms. In 2018, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution launched a mission to explore a twilight zone.supported by $35 million from the Audacious Project. This initiative combines 13 technologies — such as advanced acoustics, high-resolution cameras, and genetic techniques — with traditional methods to study this complex ecosystem. By advancing our understanding of the twilight zone, we can develop policies to protect its biodiversity and ensure the 14 use of its resources. The ocean twilight zone remains a 15 world of incredible biodiversity and ecological importance. As we face growing global challenges, understanding and preserving this mysterious region is more critical than ever. 1．A．housed B．excluded C．limited D．obtained 2．A．efficient B．intensive C．diverse D．internal 3．A．adaptations B．preferences C．insights D．rhythms 4．A．flexible B．incredible C．perceptible D．invisible 5．A．escape B．journey C．settlement D．exploration 6．A．deeper B．shallower C．warmer D．clearer 7．A．economic B．ecological C．evolutionary D．biological 8．A．bouncing B．reflecting C．dumping D．returning 9．A．However B．Therefore C．Additionally D．Consequently 10．A．agricultural B．residential C．industrial D．recreational 11．A．consumption B．conservation C．exploitation D．intervention 12．A．challenging B．rewarding C．fascinating D．engaging 13．A．life-changing B．cutting-edge C．cost-effective D．gene-altered 14．A．considerable B．comprehensive C．innovative D．responsible 15．A．remarkable B．complex C．hidden D．harsh （2025·上海崇明·二模）The daughters, but not the sons, of women who give birth at age 30 or older are more likely to experience symptoms of depression as young adults, according to research published by the American Psychological Association. Tearne, a doctoral student at the University of Western Australia and lead author of the study, and her colleagues analyzed data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort Study. Pregnant (怀孕的) women were selected into this study, and provided psychological 1 . Their offspring (子女) then underwent psychological 2 at various ages over the next 23 years. In this study, the researchers 3 self-reported levels of various symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress from 1,200 of the offspring at age 20 and compared them with the age of the mother and father at the time the children were born. Daughters whose mothers were over age 30 at the time of 4 had significantly higher levels of stress, depression and anxiety compared with daughters whose mothers were under age 30. However, the fathers' age at that particular time had no effect, and there was no effect found for 5 . While the exact cause of this relationship is not clear, Tearne said she suspects it is not necessarily 6 . “One hypothesis (假设) is that 7 may occur in the mother-daughter relationship because of a large age difference between the two,” said Tearne. “It may be that a 30 or more year age difference between mother and daughter leads to a significant difference in the 8 systems. That may cause 9 in the relationship, leading to stress, worry and sadness in the child, particularly during the transition to young adulthood.” Another possible 10 may be that the women who gave birth over age 30 would be in their 50s at the time their children were assessed. Therefore, they are more likely to be experiencing health problems associated with 11 . This could also lead to higher levels of 12 in the children, Tearne said. Other studies have suggested that daughters are more affected by their mother’s health problems than sons. This could explain why the 13 only appears in daughters, she said. “It is important to remember, too, that the study examined symptoms of distress, rather than 14 diagnosis,” said Monique Robinson, PhD, of the University of Western Australia, another author of the study. “It could be that the offspring of older mothers are at risk for a few more symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, but that does not necessarily mean they will experience a(n) 15 mental disorder.” 1．A．association B．adjustment C．support D．information 2．A．consultation B．intervention C．assessment D．treatment 3．A．looked at B．went after C．responded to D．persisted in 4．A．promotion B．graduation C．marriage D．birth 5．A．sons B．mothers C．daughters D．grandchildren 6．A．temporary B．biological C．subjective D．psychological 7．A．transitions B．difficulties C．interactions D．competitions 8．A．value B．blood C．education D．security 9．A．mistakes B．limits C．tensions D．distractions 10．A．exception B．equivalent C．foundation D．explanation 11．A．income B．promotion C．aging D．exercising 12．A．commitment B．symptoms C．expectations D．consciousness 13．A．effect B．struggle C．friction D．imitation 14．A．initial B．ultimate C．general D．clinical 15．A．rare B．treatable C．diagnosable D．irreversible （2025·上海嘉定·二模）Imagine a world where machines don’t just respond to commands but actually understand how you feel. Your phone senses sadness in your voice and suggests calling a friend; your computer sees you’ re tired and reminds you to rest. Sounds 1 ? Not anymore. Emotion AI — the technology that allows machines to recognize and interpret human emotions — is already here. For Rana el Kaliouby, this idea was 2 . Years ago, when she moved from Egypt to the UK, she and her husband kept in touch through text messages. But something was 3 : No matter how many words they exchanged, he couldn’t see the exhaustion on her face or hear the sadness in her voice. That experience planted a seed in her mind: What if technology could bridge that emotional 4 ? Driven by this vision, she co-founded Affectiva, a company specializing in emotion-detecting AI. The concept is simple yet powerful. Machines are trained to recognize emotions through facial expressions, tone of voice, and even body language. Affectiva, 5 , works with marketing firms to analyze how people react to advertisements. Meanwhile, companies like Behavioral Signals focus on voice analysis, using tone and speech patterns to discover emotions in customer service calls. The potential 6 are vast, from education to healthcare to driver safety. But here’s the catch: recognizing an emotion isn’t the same as 7 it. A furrowed brow (皱眉) — does it mean anger, deep thought, or just bad lighting? A scowl (怒视) could signal frustration, but it might just as 8 indicate concentration. And then there’s 9 — what looks like excitement in one part of the world might be mistaken for anxiety in another. Beyond accuracy, there’s a bigger question: Should AI be 10 to make decisions based on emotions? Some police forces have already experimented with emotion AI to assess whether people appear “suspicious.” Critics argue this is a 11 game, especially since studies show AI can be prejudiced, sometimes interpreting emotions differently based on race or gender. The 12 thing society needs is faulty technology influencing important decisions like hiring, law enforcement, or mental health diagnoses. 13 , the progress is undeniable. Car manufacturers are developing AI systems that monitor drivers’ emotions and 14 if they appear distracted or tired. In classrooms, researchers are exploring ways AI could figure out when students are struggling or disengaged and adjust lessons in real time. So, where does that leave us? Emotion AI is fascinating, full of promise — but also full of risks. But one thing is certain: the line between human and machine is becoming 15 with each passing day. 1．A．reasonable B．futuristic C．familiar D．necessary 2．A．personal B．ridiculous C．complex D．collective 3．A．unusual B．missing C．pointless D．accessible 4．A．wound B．variety C．tension D．gap 5．A．by contrast B．in addition C．in summary D．for example 6．A．applications B．obstacles C．transformations D．investments 7．A．conveying B．controlling C．understanding D．redirecting 8．A．barely B．slowly C．severely D．easily 9．A．improvement B．pressure C．disorder D．culture 10．A．requested B．trusted C．forbidden D．improved 11．A．casual B．dangerous C．strategic D．boring 12．A．urgent B．confusing C．last D．right 13．A．Still B．Rather C．Subsequently D．Consequently 14．A．wait B．leave C．intervene D．ignore 15．A．less clear B．less artificial C．more crucial D．more definable （2025·上海浦东新·二模）Flowers are powerful symbols. People around the world use them to 1 festivals and significant life events. Lilies and tulips represent 2 during spring, a time of fresh beginnings; a bunch of roses on Valentine’s Day or Mother’s Day conveys love. And year-round, no wedding or funeral is 3 without flowers. Blooms are a 4 business, and the global cut flowers industry is worth up to $55 billion a year. But behind the beautiful flowers can be significant environmental and human 5 . Here’s how the flower industry is impacting the planet. The country that is undoubtedly the world’s largest 6 of cut flowers is the US, with a majority of imported flowers from Colombia and Ecuador. In Europe, most imported flowers sold there are from equatorial East Africa. The single largest producer of cut flowers in the world is Colombia, which 7 an estimated 660 million stems (茎) in 2024. Other top producers are Ecuador, Sri Lanka and Kenya, the latter 8 one-third of all roses sold in the EU. Meanwhile, China is rapidly becoming a(n) 9 market in the global flower trade, driven by rising demands. The global flower trade is rapid, which 10 the industry’s environmental footprint — the ideal is to get a bloom from field to vase in three to five days for a good profit. For Colombian producers, with farms mostly located near Bogotá’s international airport, flowers can lose 15 percent of their 11 for every extra day spent traveling. Many of the flowers are grown in high-altitude (高海拔), industrial-scale greenhouses(for disease and humidity control), and these flower farms can cover an area of over 500 acres. Flowers are also thirsty plants, which 12 high water use and chemical runoff. 13 , drought-stricken Lake Naivasha, the center of the industry in Kenya, has seen half of its water drawn off for use in flower greenhouses, according to some critics. On top of pollutants and water use, flowers can 14 serious carbon emissions because of refrigeration and long-distance transport. In 2020, Valentine’s Day flowers grown in Colombia and flown to US airports produced some 360,000 metric tons of CO2. To put that into perspective, that’s 15 equivalent to 78,000 cars driven for one year. Even after flowers are flown into the US, they’re sometimes trucked thousands of miles in gas-inefficient trucks from centers such as Miami and Los Angeles to locations across the nation. 1．A．sustain B．trace C．restore D．mark 2．A．cycle B．tradition C．renewal D．freedom 3．A．visible B．dramatic C．complete D．unique 4．A．booming B．diverse C．struggling D．risky 5．A．costs B．resources C．activities D．objectives 6．A．grower B．consumer C．assessor D．distributor 7．A．examined B．removed C．preserved D．exported 8．A．supplying B．fertilizing C．arranging D．exchanging 9．A．emerging B．declining C．exclusive D．protective 10．A．neutralises B．theorises C．quantifies D．intensifies 11．A．symbolism B．availability C．value D．identity 12．A．allows for B．contributes to C．benefits from D．disapproves of 13．A．What’s more B．For example C．In contrast D．As a result 14．A．generate B．reduce C．monitor D．tackle 15．A．merely B．currently C．routinely D．roughly 难度分布 适中 较难 困难 12.5 75 12.5 试卷第24页，共24页 试卷第23页，共24页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$