专题02 选词填空（16区二模真题速递）-【好题汇编】2025年高考英语二模试题分类汇编（上海专用）

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题02 选词填空（16区二模真题速递） 全篇题型分析 题号 难度系数 详细知识点 1 0.85 环境保护 2 0.65 科普知识 3 0.65 信息技术 4 0.65 科普知识 ；方法/策略 5 0.65 美术与摄影；艺术家 6 0.65 阅读 7 0.65 发明与创造 ；社会问题与社会现象 8 0.65 职业内容 9 0.65 方法/策略；合作与交流 10 0.65 交通与运输 ；发明与创造 11 0.65 美术与摄影 12 0.65 自然灾害与防范；科普知识 13 0.4 信息技术 14 0.4 中国文化与节日；美术与摄影 15 0.4 科学技术 ；垃圾分类 16 0.4 动物 （2025·上海闵行·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．switch    B．cost    C． deadliest    D．flooding    E. items    F. shipping G. translates    H. packed    I. sticks    J. lightweight    K. recycle     Plastic is everywhere, but it’s not great for our health or the planet. In the past, a typical box from Amazon — an online shopping platform — arrived 1 with plastic air pillows (枕头) made from flexible plastic film. When plastic film is thrown away, it often ends up in landfills or in the environment, including the oceans, where it can injure and kill marine life. In studies of 80 marine species that died after swallowing a variety of plastic rubbish, flexible plastic proved to be the 2 . Now Amazon announced that by October 2024, it had removed all plastic air pillows from its delivery packaging. “We want to make sure the final package is easy to 3 at home,” says Pat Lindner, Amazon’s vice president of sustainable packaging. To make the 4 , the company had to make sure that a replacement would work as well as the plastic version. It actually turned out to perform better. The number of packages that get damaged in shipment was reduced. Amazon worked with suppliers to find a 5 , 100% recycled paper that’s easier to wrap around an object to protect it. The paper also takes up less space, so now more 6 fit in a smaller box. That 7 to using less gas or electricity, in the case of the company’s electric vans to make a delivery. It’s a welcome change following years of pressure from environmental groups to stop plastic pollution 8 into oceans. “The fact that the world’s largest e-commerce company has made plastic air pillows a thing of history globally is fantastic news for the world’s oceans,” the nonprofit Oceana said in a statement in response to Amazon’s announcement. Plastic is cheap, but the new system saves the company money since there’s less risk that something will break during 9 and need replacement, Lindner says. “And so the fact that we can deliver packages more safely and with less damage is a 10 saving to us.” 【答案】 1．H 2．C 3．K 4．A 5．J 6．E 7．G 8．D 9．F 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了亚马逊公司为减少塑料污染，将其快递包装中的塑料气枕替换为可回收纸包装的举措及相关益处。 1．考查过去分词。句意：在过去，来自亚马逊 —— 一个在线购物平台 —— 典型包裹到达时被装满了由柔性塑料薄膜制成的塑料气枕。根据下文“with plastic air pillows (枕头) made from flexible plastic film. ”可知，“be packed with” 符合句意，是固定短语，意为 “被装满”，此处用过去分词 “packed” 作状语，表示被动和完成的动作，故填 H。 2．考查形容词最高级。句意：在对 80 种因吞食各种塑料垃圾而死亡的海洋物种的研究中，柔性塑料被证明是最致命的。根据语境及定冠词 “the” 可知，此处应填形容词最高级 “deadliest”，表示 “最致命的”，符合句意。故填C。 3．考查动词。句意：我们希望确保最终的包装在家里易于回收。“be easy to do sth.” 是固定结构，意为 “做某事是容易的”，此处需要一个动词，“recycle” 意为 “回收”，符合语境，故填K。 4．考查名词。句意：为了进行这种转变，公司必须确保替代品能像塑料版本一样有效。“make the switch” 是固定搭配，意为 “进行转变”符合句意，故填A。 5．考查形容词。句意：亚马逊与供应商合作，找到了一种轻便的、100% 回收的纸，这种纸更容易包裹物体以保护它。此处需要一个形容词修饰 “paper”，“lightweight” 意为 “轻量的，轻便的”，符合语境，故填J。 6．考查名词。句意：这种纸也占用更少的空间，所以现在更多的物品能装进一个更小的盒子里。根据“fit in a smaller box”可知，此处指更多的物品，“items” 意为 “物品”，符合语境，故填E。 7．考查动词。句意：这意味着在公司的电动货车送货的情况下，使用更少的汽油或电力。“translate to” 是固定短语，意为 “意味着，转化为”，主语 “That” 是第三人称单数，所以用 “translates”，符合句意。故填G。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：这是在多年来环保组织施加压力要求阻止塑料污染涌入海洋之后受到欢迎的改变。“stop sth. from doing sth.” 是固定结构，意为 “阻止某物做某事”，“flooding into” 意为 “涌入”符合语境，为动名词作宾语。故填D。 9．考查名词。句意：塑料很便宜，但新系统为公司节省了资金，因为在运输过程中东西损坏并需要更换的风险降低了。此处指在运输过程中，“shipping” 意为 “运输”，作宾语。符合语境，故填F。 10．考查名词。句意：所以我们能够更安全地递送包裹并且减少损坏，这对我们来说是成本的节省。“cost saving” 意为 “成本节省”符合语境，故填B。 （2025·上海崇明·二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．cultivate      B．dependence       C． generating         D．insufficient      E. learnable F. predictor      G. quitting          H. restriction          I. underlying        J. widespread K. wind The Importance of Willpower No matter what your goals are in life, willpower is of great importance. Willpower is also of critical importance for behavioral change. Whether you’re 1 a bad habit, trying to get in shape,  or struggling with procrastination (拖延症), you’ll need willpower. Of course, I’m all about using strategies to reduce our 2 on willpower, but you cannot remove the need for willpower entirely. A steady, disciplined use of willpower might seem like a(n) 3 of personal freedom, but it is not. If 4 willpower leaves you a slave to bad habits and addictions, then you’re not really free. If you can’t gather the willpower to overcome procrastination and earn a better life for yourself, then you’re not really free. To 5 true freedom, you’ll need willpower. Importantly, research has shown that self-control is 6 . When researchers teach people with poor self-control the strategies used by those with high self-control, the poor self-control subjects improve. Willpower is not fixed; it can be developed through strategy and practice. People who learn to master willpower become active agents in life, and discover that they are response-able in every situation. And this applies to their behaviors as well as their emotions. Walter Mischel described self-control as “the ‘master talent’ 7 emotional intelligence, essential for constructing a satisfying life.” It’s hard to find anyone who says that willpower doesn’t matter. Yet, despite the 8 agreement about how important willpower is, there is very little agreement in the scientific community about how willpower actually works. Walter Mischel is the man behind the famous “marshmallow (棉花软糖) test” and the author of a book by the same name. His research appeared to show that young children with high self-control 9 up doing better as high schoolers and adults, but more recent research has proved this finding wrong, showing that the willpower levels of young children are not a good 10 of later success. This makes sense because the prefrontal cortex — the area of the brain responsible for willpower — is poorly developed in young children and doesn’t finish developing until early adulthood. 【答案】 1．G 2．B 3．H 4．D 5．A 6．Ε 7．Ι 8．J 9．K 10．F 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了意志力的重要性，包括其在行为改变、培养真正自由以及情绪智力等方面的作用。 1．考查动词。句意：无论你是在戒除一个坏习惯、努力保持健康的体型，还是在与拖延症作斗争，你都需要意志力。分析句子成分可知，空处考查动词形式担当谓语动词；根据空后的“a bad habit”以及下文“trying to get in shape,  or struggling with procrastination (拖延症)”可推测，空处意为“戒除坏习惯、改掉坏习惯”；选项G“quitting”意为“戒除”，与此相符。故选G。 2．考查名词。句意：当然，我完全支持运用各种策略来减少我们对意志力的依赖，但你无法完全消除对意志力的需求。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当不能有；根据下文“but you cannot remove the need for willpower entirely”可推测，空处意为“依赖”。选项B“dependence”，名词，意为“依赖”，符合句意。故选B。 3．考查名词。句意：始终如一地、有纪律地运用意志力，这可能看起来像是对个人自由的一种限制，但实际上并非如此。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当宾语；根据上文“A steady, disciplined use of willpower”可推测，始终如一地、有纪律地运用意志力看起来是对个人自由的限制。选项H“restriction”，名词，意为“限制”，符合句意。故选H。 4．考查形容词。句意：如果意志力不足让你成为坏习惯和成瘾行为的奴隶，那么你并不是真正的自由。分析句子成分可知，空处考查形容词形式修饰名词“willpower”；根据下文“a slave to bad habits and addictions”可推测，空处指的是“不充足的”。选项D“insufficient”，意为“不充足的”符合句意。故选D。 5．考查动词。句意：要培养真正的自由，你需要意志力。分析句子成分可知，空处考查动词原形；根据下文“you’ll need willpower.”可推测，空处意为“培养、养成”；选项A“cultivate”，动词原形，意为“培养”，符合句意。故选A。 6．考查形容词。句意：重要的是，研究表明自我控制是可以学习的。分析句子成分可知，空处考查形容词形式担当表语；根据下文“Willpower is not fixed; it can be developed through strategy and practice.”可知，意志力是可以习得的。选项E“learnable”，意为“可学习的”，符合句意。故选E。 7．考查动词。句意：Walter Mischel将自我控制描述为“构成情商的‘核心才能’，对于构建令人满意的生活至关重要”。分析句子成分可知，空处考查动词的非谓语动词形式；根据空前“the ‘master talent”和空后“emotional intelligence”可推测，空处意为“构成”。选项I“underlying”，意为“是……的基础”，符合句意。故选I。 8．考查形容词。句意：然而，尽管人们普遍认同意志力的重要性，但在科学界，对于意志力究竟是如何起作用的，却很少达成共识。分析句子成分可知，空处考查形容词形式修饰名词；根据下文“there is very little agreement in the scientific community about how willpower actually works.”中的“little”可推测，空处的意思与此相反。选项J“widespread”，意为“普遍的”，符合句意。故选J。 9．考查动词。句意：他的研究似乎表明，自我控制能力强的幼儿在成为高中生和成年人后往往表现得更好，但最近的研究证明这一发现是错误的，研究表明幼儿的意志力水平并不能很好地预测他们日后的成功。分析句子成分可知，空处考查动词形式担当谓语动词；根据下文“but more recent research has proved this finding wrong, showing that the willpower levels of young children are not a good 　　10　　 of later success.”可推测，他的研究结果和下文不同，也就是说自我控制能力强的幼儿在成为高中生和成年人后往往表现得更好。选项K“wind”，构成短语“wind up”，意为“提升”，符合句意。故选K。 10．考查名词。句意：他的研究似乎表明，自我控制能力强的幼儿在成为高中生和成年人后往往表现得更好，但最近的研究证明这一发现是错误的，研究表明幼儿的意志力水平并不能很好地预测他们日后的成功。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式；根据上一句“His research appeared to show that young children with high self-control  ___9___  up doing better as high schoolers and adults”以及“but”可知，幼儿的意志力水平并不能很好地预测他们日后的成功。选项F“predictor”，意为“预测”，符合句意。故选F。 （2025·上海嘉定·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．capabilities    B．dismiss    C． examine    D．ignorance E. match    F. misrepresentation    G. passionate    H. point I. plug    J. relieving    K. worrying The Hackers Who Protect Your Security Have you ever locked yourself out of your house and had to try to break in? First you get a sense of accomplishment in succeeding. But then comes the 1 realization that if you can break into your own place as an amateur, a professional could do it five times faster. So you look for the weak 2 in your security and fix it. Well, that’s more or less how the DefCon hackers (黑客) conference works. Every year, hackers meet in Las Vegas to test their knowledge and 3 . Mention the word “hacker” and many of us picture a seventeen-year-old student sitting in a bedroom, illegally hacking into the government systems. But that is actually a(n) 4 of what most hackers do. The activities that take place at DefCon have an enormous impact on our daily lives. Here, computer addicts who can’t break the habit or resist the challenge of finding security gaps 5 all kinds of systems, from the internet to mobile communications to household door locks. And then they try to hack them. In doing so, they do us all a great service by passing on their findings to industry, which can then 6 the security holes. If you’re among those who 7 the DefCon attendees as a bunch of social misfits, then you probably have the same password for 90 percent of your online existence, which is risky. Even if you think you’re being clever by using your grandmother’s birth date backwards as a password, you’re no 8 for these people. There is no greater 9 to be found online than that of an average Internet user. I’m happy to admit that I’m one of them. I’m also aware that there are other people out there who are trying to get more and more access to our personal data. Sadly, we have few tools to protect ourselves. But there is a group of people who are 10 about online freedom and have the means to help us protect our privacy. Many of them can be found at DefCon. 【答案】 1．K 2．H 3．A 4．F 5．C 6．I 7．B 8．E 9．D 10．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是DefCon黑客大会的相关情况以及黑客并非都是非法入侵者。 1．考查形容词。句意：随后，一个令人担忧的意识涌上心头：如果你这个业余人士都能闯入自己的家，那么专业人士的速度可能会快上五倍。由下文“if you can break into your own place as an amateur, a professional could do it five times faster”可知，空后所说的意识到的内容是令人担忧的，空格处意为“令人担忧的”，用形容词作定语，修饰名词realization，是worrying，故选K。 2．考查名词。句意：于是，你开始寻找安全系统中的薄弱环节并加以修复。由前面的“look for the weak”和下文“in your security and fix it”可知，句子表示“你开始寻找安全系统中的薄弱环节并加以修复”，空格处意为“要点，核心问题”，是point，此处用单数，故选H。 3．考查名词。句意：每年，黑客们都会在拉斯维加斯聚会，测试他们的知识和能力。由上文“hackers meet in Las Vegas to test their knowledge and”可知，句子表示“黑客们都会在拉斯维加斯聚会，测试他们的知识和能力”，空格处意为“能力”，是capabilities。故选A。 4．考查名词。句意：但这实际上是对大多数黑客行为的歪曲。由上文“illegally hacking into the government systems”可知，句子表示“这实际上是对大多数黑客行为的歪曲”，空格处意为“歪曲”，是misrepresentation。故选F。 5．考查动词。句意：在这里，那些无法戒掉寻找安全漏洞这一习惯或无法抗拒这一挑战的计算机爱好者们，会检查各种系统，从互联网到移动通信，再到家用门锁。由下文“all kinds of systems, from the internet to mobile communications to household door locks”可知，句子表示“那些无法戒掉寻找安全漏洞这一习惯或无法抗拒这一挑战的计算机爱好者们，会检查各种系统”，空格处意为“检查”，是examine，句子描述经常性，习惯性动作，时态用一般现在时，主语addicts是复数，因此examine用原形，故选C。 6．考查动词。句意：通过这样做，他们实际上为我们所有人提供了巨大的服务，因为他们将自己的发现传递给相关行业，这些行业随后可以填补安全漏洞。由上文“they do us all a great service by passing on their findings to industry”可知，句子表示“他们实际上为我们所有人提供了巨大的服务，因为他们将自己的发现传递给相关行业，这些行业随后可以填补安全漏洞”，空格处意为“填补”，是plug，can是情态动词，因此空格处用原形，故选I。 7．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：如果你和那些轻视DefCon参会者、认为他们是一群社会不适应者的人一样，那么你可能90%的在线账户都使用同一个密码，这是非常危险的。由空后“the DefCon attendees as a bunch of social misfits”可知，句子表示“轻视DefCon参会者”，空格处意为“轻视”，是dismiss，由have是原形可知，句子时态是一般现在时，who指代的先行词those是复数，因此dismiss用原形，故选B。 8．考查名词。句意：即使你认为自己很聪明，把祖母的生日倒过来作为密码，但与这些人相比，你根本不是他们的对手。由上文“which is risky”可知，句子表示“你认为自己很聪明，把祖母的生日倒过来作为密码，但与这些人相比，你根本不是他们的对手”，空格处意为“对手”，是match，空前有no，空格处用单数，故选E。 9．考查名词。句意：在网上，没有比普通互联网用户更无知的存在了。由上文“I’m also aware that there are other people out there who are trying to get more and more access to our personal data”可知，句子表示“没有比普通互联网用户更无知的存在了”，空格处意为“无知”，用名词作宾语，是ignorance，是不可数名词，故选D。 10．考查形容词。句意：但有一群人对网络自由充满热情，他们有办法帮助我们保护自己的隐私。由下文“have the means to help us protect our privacy”可知，句子表示“有一群人对网络自由充满热情，他们有办法帮助我们保护自己的隐私”，空格处意为“热情的”，用形容词作表语，是passionate，故选G。 （2025·上海浦东新·二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．beneficial  B．building  C． cloudy   D．disturbing  E. fix  F. mismatch    G. originated    H. perception  I. readies  J. sharpened  K. supervises How to prosper in an uncertain world In an age of rapid change, our instinctive desire for certainty may be blinding us to its psychological costs. Humans naturally need answers and typically find uncertainty emotionally 1 . It’s easy to feel anxiety for the future and see certainty as a lighthouse in a darkening time. But a wave of new scientific discoveries reveals that learning to lean into uncertainty in times of rapid change is a promising 2 to mental distress, not a royal road to anxiety, as many of us assume. A growing body of evidence and a range of new interventions suggest that skillfully managing uncertainty in the face of what’s 3 , new or unexpected is an effective treatment for anxiety. Researchers further observe it is a likely pathway to 4 toughness. Tolerating and even delighting in uncertainty doesn’t merely help us to accept life’s unpredictability; it also 5 us to learn and adapt. Each day, the brain uses 6 mental models about how the world works, which are used to process a shifting environment. When we meet something unexpected, a neural (神经的) “prediction error” signals a 7 between what we assumed would occur and what our senses tell us. Yet our uneasy sense of not knowing stimulates a host of 8 neural changes, including heightened attention, boosted working memory and sensitivity to new information. The brain is preparing to update our 9 of the world. Uncertainty offers the “opportunity for life to go in different directions,” says Stephanie Gorka of Ohio State University’s College of Medicine, “and that is fascinating.” This is why being open to uncertainty is critical for mental well-being. Pioneering work led by Dr. Dugas who 10 the term “intolerance of uncertainty” and Nicholas Carleton shows that being intolerant of uncertainty increases exposure to mental health challenges such as anxiety, eating disorders and depression. By learning to accept uncertainty, we not only enhance our mental power but also pave the way for personal growth and the discovery of new opportunities. 【答案】 1．D 2．E 3．C 4．B 5．I 6．J 7．F 8．A 9．H 10．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何在一个不确定的世界中繁荣的问题。 1．考查形容词。句意：人类天生需要答案，通常会发现不确定性会让人情绪不安。根据“Humans naturally need answers and typically find uncertainty”以及句意“不安”可知，应用形容词disturbing，作宾补。故选D。 2．考查名词。句意：但是，一波新的科学发现表明，在快速变化的时代，学会接受不确定性是一种有希望的解决精神痛苦的方法，而不是我们许多人认为的通往焦虑的捷径。根据“learning to lean into uncertainty in times of rapid change is a promising…to mental distress”以及句意“解决方法”可知，应用名词fix，作表语，不定冠词提示用单数。故选E。 3．考查形容词。句意：越来越多的证据和一系列新的干预措施表明，在面对不确定的、新的或意想不到的事情时，熟练地管理不确定性是治疗焦虑的有效方法。根据“new or unexpected”以及句意“不确定的”可知，应用形容词cloudy，作表语，故选C。 4．考查动词。句意：研究人员进一步观察到，这可能是一种增强韧性的途径。根据“toughness”以及句意“增强”可知，应用动名词building，作宾语。故选B。 5．考查动词。句意：容忍甚至欣然接受不确定性不仅能帮助我们接受生活的不可预测性；它也让我们做好了学习和适应的准备。根据“us to learn and adapt”以及句意“做好……的准备”可知应用动词ready，根据上文doesn’t可知，为一般现在时，主语为it，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故选I。 6．考查形容词。句意：每天，大脑都在使用关于世界如何运作的敏锐的心智模型，用来处理不断变化的环境。根据“which are used to process a shifting environment”以及句意“敏锐的”可知，应用形容词sharpened，修饰名词models。故选J。 7．考查名词。句意：当我们遇到意想不到的事情时，神经系统的“预测错误”表明，我们假设会发生的事情与我们的感官告诉我们的不匹配。根据“a neural “prediction error””以及句意“不匹配”可知，应用名词mismatch，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故选F。 8．考查形容词。句意：然而，我们不知道的不安感刺激了许多有益的神经变化，包括提高注意力，增强工作记忆和对新信息的敏感性。根据“including heightened attention, boosted working memory and sensitivity to new information”以及句意“有益的”可知应用形容词beneficial，修饰名词changes。故选A。 9．考查名词。句意：大脑正准备更新我们对世界的感知。根据“of the world”以及句意“感知”可知，应用名词perception，作宾语。故选H。 10．考查动词。句意：杜加斯博士和尼古拉斯·卡尔顿首创了“不确定性的不容忍”一词，他们领导的开创性工作表明，不容忍不确定性会增加心理健康挑战的风险，如焦虑、饮食失调和抑郁。根据“the term “intolerance of uncertainty””以及句意“首创”可知，应用动词originate，作谓语，发生在过去用一般过去时。故选G。 （2025·上海松江·二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adapting    B．cast     C． dimension  D．distance    E. evident     F. picture    G. preparatory    H. referring    I. solidified    J. sought    K. tune Audrey Flack — A Photo-realist Representative The photo-realist movement, emerging in the late 1960s and 1970s in the United States and Europe, desired to produce works indistinguishable from high-resolution photographs. Audrey Flack, an American painter and sculptor whose choice of subject matter added a(n) 1 to the movement, was one of the first artists to use a projection of a photograph as an aid to painting. Flack graduated from Yale with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1952 and was influenced by her teacher’s Abstract Expressionist style, 2 in her early work. The next year she studied art history at New York University’s Institute of Fine Arts. During the late 1950s Flack began to 3 herself from this style, which she felt did not communicate effectively or clearly with viewers. She looked to artists such as Spanish Baroque artist Luisa Roldán as models. One representative of her photo-realist paintings was Macarena of Miracles, directly 4 to Roldán’s sculpture Virgen de la Macarena, La Esperanza. During the 1960s, the artist continued to 5 her photographic method and her subject matter. Unlike male photo-realists such as Richard Estes and Chuck Close, who chose subjects that avoided emotional content, Flack 6 to convey a broader meaning through her work. While going on to create works with sociopolitical commentary, she started to 7 everyday items such as handbags and makeup, using them to question their role in shaping female identity. A significant painting from this period, Farb Family Portrait (1969–70), was the result of a new working technique. Starting with a slide of the family portrait (肖像), Flack 8 the photo onto the canvas (画布) and used it as her guide for painting. This method relieved her of having to make 9 drawings. She also developed a method of applying paint in layers with an airbrush. Using those innovations, Flack masterfully created a number of symbolic works. Through these practices, Flack 10 her role as a pioneer who expanded photorealism beyond mere copying, implanting it with layered narratives about identity and societal norms. 【答案】 1．C 2．E 3．D 4．H 5．K 6．J 7．F 8．B 9．G 10．I 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了美国画家和雕塑家Audrey Flack。 1．考查名词。句意：美国画家和雕塑家Audrey Flack是最早使用照片投影辅助绘画的艺术家之一，她选择的主题为这一运动增添了一个维度。空处应填名词单数作宾语，根据“one of the first artists to use a projection of a photograph as an aid to painting”可知，她是最早使用照片投影辅助绘画的艺术家之一，故她选择的主题为这一运动增添了一个维度，C项dimension“维度”符合语境，故选C。 2．考查形容词。句意：1952年，Flack毕业于耶鲁大学，获得美术学士学位，她的早期作品明显受到了她老师抽象表现主义风格的影响。根据“was influenced by her teacher’s Abstract Expressionist style”可知，她受到老师抽象表现主义风格的影响，应是在作品中有所体现，E项evident“明显的”符合语境，形容词作状语，故填E。 3．考查动词。句意：在20世纪50年代末，Flack开始与这种风格保持距离，她觉得这种风格无法与观众有效或清晰地沟通。空处应填动词原形和前面的to构成动词不定式，根据“which she felt did not communicate effectively or clearly with viewers”可知，此处指“Flack开始与这种风格保持距离”，D项distance“拉开距离，与……疏远”符合语境，故选D。 4．考查动词。句意：她的照相写实主义绘画的一个代表是Macarena of Miracles，直接参考了Roldán的雕塑Virgen de la Macarena, La Esperanza。根据上文“She looked to artists such as Spanish Baroque artist Luisa Roldán as models. (她以西班牙巴洛克艺术家Luisa Roldán等艺术家为榜样。)”可知，她以Luisa Roldán为榜样，故此处指她的作品参考了Luisa Roldán的雕塑，H项referring“参考”符合语境，为现在分词作状语，故选H。 5．考查动词。句意：在20世纪60年代，这位艺术家继续调整她的摄影方法和她的主题。空处应填动词原形和前面的to构成动词不定式，根据上文提到她与抽象表现主义风格拉开距离，以Luisa Roldán为榜样可知，此处指“位艺术家继续调整她的摄影方法和她的主题”，K项tune“调整”符合语境，故选K。 6．考查动词。句意：与Richard Estes和Chuck Close等男性照片现实主义者选择避免情感内容的主题不同，Flack试图通过她的作品传达更广泛的意义。空处是谓语动词，根据“to convey a broader meaning through her work”可知，此处指“Flack试图通过她的作品传达更广泛的意义”，seek to do“试图/设法做”，描述过去发生的事情使用一般过去时，故选J。 7．考查动词。句意：在继续创作带有社会政治评论的作品时，她开始描绘手袋和化妆品等日常用品，并用它们来质疑它们在塑造女性身份方面的作用。空处应填动词原形和前面的to构成动词不定式，此处指“她开始描绘手袋和化妆品等日常用品”，F项picture“描绘”符合语境，故选F。 8．考查动词。句意：Flack从一张全家福的幻灯片开始，把照片投影在画布上，作为她的绘画指南。根据“onto the canvas (画布)”可知，此处指“把照片投影在画布上”，B项cast“投影”符合语境，故选B。 9．考查形容词。句意：这种方法使她不必先画草图。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词drawings，G项 preparatory项“准备的，筹备的”符合语境，故选G。 10．考查动词。句意：通过这些实践，Flack巩固了她作为先驱的角色，她将照片现实主义扩展到不仅仅是复制，而是植入了关于身份和社会规范的分层叙事。根据“her role as a pioneer”可知，此处指“Flack巩固了她作为先驱的角色”，I项solidified“巩固”符合语境，故选I。 （2025·上海虹口·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．customarily    B．thoughtfully  C． encoded        D．exhibits    E. folding     F. initiated     G. proceeding        H. reservations  I. routing         J. tailored     K. turning Ancient Books Hold Many Clues At the National Museum of Classic Books in Beijing, players participate in an immersive (沉浸式的) puzzle-solving game as part of the exhibition. This game, Ancient Book Restorer — Hundred Cities Book, allows players to employ guidebooks to investigate ancient texts and search for hidden clues. The game begins by scanning a QR code (二维码) found on the guidebook, 1 players to the game’s WeChat mini-program, where they are given the mission to uncover hidden truths within displayed items. Players complete puzzles using clues 2 in ancient objects and rare books. One of the first puzzles involves a version of Shan Hai Jing (Classic of Mountains and Seas), the earliest known edition from 1180 during the Song Dynasty. Players must understand the geographic distances between mountains in the text and use a specifically 3 paper ruler with relevant information printed on it to find the answer. Feng Wanwen, a player, enjoyed using the ruler to find the clues. She emphasized the importance of understanding the text and correctly 4 the ruler to solve the puzzle. With 83 5 in total, more than 20 provide clues to the game. By reading, analyzing, and using ancient texts and maps, players are 6 through the game. The game encourages players to engage with the displays and 7 examine their educational content. Puzzle enthusiasts can reserve their spot on the museum’s WeChat account. The game offers two versions: a single-player, where players explore the mysterious 8 of Shan Hai Jing’s pages at midnight, and a three-player version, which involves elements of competition and cooperation. Since its launch, the game has become popular among puzzle enthusiasts and traditional culture fans, with 9 often sold out within minutes. The game is part of the “Shanhaishe” IP, a virtual community for ancient book protection 10 by the museum, aiming to connect players with cultural heritage (遗产) and inspire them to protect ancient knowledge. 【答案】 1．I 2．C 3．J 4．E 5．D 6．G 7．B 8．K 9．H 10．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款通过阅读古籍玩游戏的沉浸式的解谜游戏。 1．考查动词。句意：游戏开始时，玩家会扫描指南上的二维码，然后进入游戏的微信小程序，在那里他们的任务是揭开显示物品中隐藏的真相。根据“players to the game’s WeChat mini-program”以及句意“进入”可知应用现在分词routing，作状语。故选I。 2．考查动词。句意：玩家使用古代物品和稀有书籍中的编译的线索来完成谜题。根据“Players complete puzzles using clues”以及句意“编译”可知应用过去分词encoded，修饰名词clues。故选C。 3．考查形容词。句意：玩家必须了解文本中山脉之间的地理距离，并使用专门定制的纸尺，上面印有相关信息，以找到答案。根据“paper ruler with relevant information printed on it to find the answer”以及句意“定制的”可知应用形容词tailored，修饰ruler。故选J。 4．考查动词。句意：她强调了理解课文和正确折叠尺子解决难题的重要性。根据“the ruler to solve the puzzle”以及句意“折叠”可知应用动名词folding，作宾语。故选E。 5．考查名词。句意：总共有83个展品，20多个为游戏提供线索。根据“more than 20 provide clues to the game”以及句意“展品”可知应用复数名词exhibits，故选D。 6．考查动词。句意：通过阅读、分析和使用古代文本和地图，玩家在游戏中不断前进。根据“through the game”以及句意“前进”可知应用proceeding，结合are可知为现在进行时。故选G。 7．考查副词。句意：这款游戏鼓励玩家参与到展示中，仔细检查其中的教育内容。根据“examine their educational content”以及句意“仔细”可知应用副词thoughtfully，修饰动词examine。故选B。 8．考查名词。句意：这款游戏提供了两个版本：一个是单人游戏，玩家在午夜探索山海景的神秘篇章；另一个是三人游戏，包含了竞争和合作的元素。根据“The game offers two versions: a single-player, where players explore the mysterious”以及句意“篇章”可知应用名词turning，作宾语。故选K。 9．考查名词。句意：自推出以来，这款游戏在益智游戏爱好者和传统文化爱好者中很受欢迎，预订通常在几分钟内售罄。根据“often sold out within minutes”以及句意“预订”可知应用复数名词reservations，故选H。 10．考查动词。句意：这款游戏是“山海社”IP的一部分，“山海社”是由故宫发起的古籍保护虚拟社区，旨在将玩家与文化遗产联系起来，激励他们保护古代知识。根据“by the museum”以及句意“发起”可知应用过去分词initiated，作定语修饰名词protection。故选F。 （2025·上海徐汇·二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．piloted         B．precisely    C． barriers     D．fault    E. misjudge F. life-threatening   G. transition   H. priorities    I. tempted  J. posed   K. undeniably Your robot driver is on its way Driving has many downsides: There’s pollution, traffic, finding a place to park. But worst of all are the crashes. In 2023, an estimated 40,990 people were killed in car crashes in the United States. Reducing traffic crashes should be among the nation’s highest 1 . Behind each one lie many human errors. People get behind the wheel when they are drunk or sleepy, and they text or talk on their phones instead of paying attention to the road. Or they simply 2 road conditions. Enormous work has gone into reducing these human errors. But data from Waymo, Alphabet’s self-driving car unit, suggests that a better strategy might be to take the driver out of the picture and let vehicles be 3 by machines that will never get distracted or drunk, or be 4 to break traffic laws because they’re running late. Waymo robotaxis have logged 33 million miles and the company’s figures show that Waymo robotaxi vehicles deliver 5 better safety performance. Compared with cars driven by humans, Waymo vehicles have been involved in 62 percent fewer police-reported crashes and 78 percent fewer crashes that resulted in injury. Timothy B．Lee, author of the Understanding AI newsletter, pointed out the crashes “were mostly low-speed collisions (碰撞)” that 6 no serious safety risk. “A large majority appeared to be the 7 of the other driver,” Lee said. It’s too early to know how much self-driving cars could reduce 8 crashes. But it’s reasonable to hope that Waymo will prove safer than human drivers. Governments at all levels should be rushing to knock down regulatory 9 that stand in the way of faster adoption of driverless cars while also ensuring that the companies meet the highest standards for safety and accountability. In early January, the Autonomous Vehicle Industry Association released a proposed policy framework that aims to speed the 10 . The association also calls for a national safety database to provide a better view of crash incidents involving self-driving cars. 【答案】 1．H 2．E 3．A 4．I 5．K 6．J 7．D 8．F 9．C 10．G 【导语】本文是新闻报道。主要围绕自动驾驶汽车的发展、优势以及其对减少交通事故的潜在影响进行了阐述。 1．考查名词。句意：减少交通事故应该是国家的首要任务之一。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作表语，根据句意，应是priority意为“重点”符合语境，根据among可知，用复数形式。故选H项。 2．考查动词。句意：或者他们只是误判了路况。本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，根据句意，应是misjudge意为“误判”符合语境，描述客观状态，用一般现在时。故选E项。 3．考查动词。句意：但Alphabet旗下自动驾驶汽车部门Waymo的数据表明，更好的策略可能是将驾驶员排除在外，让机器驾驶车辆，这些机器永远不会分心或醉酒，也不会因为迟到而违反交通法规。根据句意，此处应是pilot意为“驾驶”符合语境，根据空后的by可知，需用被动语态，空前已有be动词，所以空处应填过去分词形式。故选A项。 4．考查动词。句意：但Alphabet旗下自动驾驶汽车部门Waymo的数据表明，更好的策略可能是将驾驶员排除在外，让机器驾驶车辆，这些机器永远不会分心或醉酒，也不会因为迟到而违反交通法规。根据句意，应是tempt意为“引诱”符合语境，和主语vehicles之间是被动关系，用被动语态，空前已有be动词，所以空处应填过去分词形式。故选I项。 5．考查副词。句意：Waymo无人驾驶出租车已经行驶了3300万英里，该公司的数据显示，Waymo无人驾驶出租车的安全性能无可否认更好。空处修饰空后的形容词，所以用副词修饰，根据句意，应是undeniably意为“不可否认地”符合语境。故选K项。 6．考查动词。句意：《理解人工智能》通讯的作者Timothy B. Lee指出，这些碰撞“大多是低速碰撞”，不会构成严重的安全风险。本句是that引导的定语从句，从句缺少谓语，所以空处应填动词，根据句意，应是pose意为“造成(威胁、问题等)”符合语境，根据were可知，用一般过去时。故选J项。 7．考查名词。句意：“大部分事故似乎是另一位司机的过错，”Lee说。空前是定冠词，所以空处应填名词作表语，根据句意，应是fault意为“过错”符合语境。故选D项。 8．考查形容词。句意：现在就知道自动驾驶汽车能在多大程度上减少危及生命的车祸还为时过早。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应是life-threatening意为“威胁着生命的”符合语境。故选F项。 9．考查名词。句意：各级政府应尽快消除阻碍无人驾驶汽车更快普及的监管障碍，同时确保这些公司在安全和问责方面达到最高标准。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，应是barrier意为“障碍”符合语境，为可数名词，此处应用复数形式。故选C项。 10．考查名词。句意：今年1月初，自动驾驶汽车行业协会（Autonomous Vehicle Industry Association）发布了一份旨在加速过渡的拟议政策框架。空前是定冠词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，应是transition意为“过渡”符合语境。故选G项。 （2025·上海静安·二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．commutes       B．incidental      C． boundary      D．cloud    E. contemporary      F. straight    G. fueled        H. facilitate     I. capitalize      J. presence        K. exploit Imagine walking into a bright office tower ten years aga: the hum of desktop computers and the sight of employees chained to their desks for eight 1 hours. The day begins at 9 and ends at 5, and productivity is measured by 2 , not output. Fast forward to today: the office has no assigned desks, and the workspace exists as much on telecommuting tools as it does in the building. Work has evolved, and with it, so has the very definition of where and how we work. Welcome to the age of the workspace — where flexibility, adaptability, and innovation are to redefine what productivity looks like. The rise of digital technologies, coupled with globalization, started to 3 the lines between work and location. Remote communication tools and mobile devices have empowered employees to work from anywhere, challenging the concept that productivity is tied to a specific place. The geographical 4 is fading away. Remote work, once considered an exception, has become a mainstream practice. Remote work, the practice of carrying out professional responsibilities outside the traditional office, has emerged as a game-changer in modern work culture. Greatly 5 by technological advancements, particularly the multiplication of cooperative tools, remote work has transferred from being a mere trend to becoming a vital component of the 6 work style. The rise of remote work lies in several factors. Rapid globalization has made it possible for teams to collaborate closely across time zones and continents. Technological innovations have birthed multiple digital platforms that 7 effective communication and project management from a distance. Organizations are increasingly recognizing the value of offering flexible work arrangements, contributing to the rise of remote work. The advantages of remote work extend to benefit employees as well. The employee experience is not merely 8 . It is fundamental to how organizations shape the productivity and well-being of their teams. Today’s employees prefer the independence and flexibility that remote work affords, allowing for improved work-life balance and the removal of time-consuming 9 . Employers, on the other hand, can 10 on reduced overhead costs and the ability to tap into the global talent pool, making the retaining of specialized talents more feasible than ever before. 【答案】 1．F 2．J 3．D 4．C 5．G 6．E 7．H 8．B 9．A 10．I 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今工作形式发生了变化，远程工作越来越普遍和受欢迎的现象。 1．考查形容词。句意：想象一下，十年前走进一座明亮的办公大楼：台式电脑嗡嗡作响，员工们连续八个小时被拴在办公桌前。根据“employees chained to their desks for eight”以及句意“连续”可知应用形容词straight，修饰名词hour，作定语。故选F。 2．考查名词。句意：一天从9点开始到5点结束，效率是通过出勤而不是产出来衡量的。根据“The day begins at 9 and ends at 5”以及句意“出勤”可知应用名词presence，作宾语，故选J。 3．考查动词。句意：数字技术的兴起，加上全球化，开始模糊工作和地点之间的界限。根据“Remote communication tools and mobile devices have empowered employees to work from anywhere, challenging the concept that productivity is tied to a specific place.(远程通信工具和移动设备使员工能够在任何地方工作，挑战了生产力与特定地点联系在一起的概念)”以及句意“模糊”可知应用动词cloud，不定式作宾语，故选D。 4．考查名词。句意：地理界限正在消失。根据“Remote communication tools and mobile devices have empowered employees to work from anywhere, challenging the concept that productivity is tied to a specific place.(远程通信工具和移动设备使员工能够在任何地方工作，挑战了生产力与特定地点联系在一起的概念)”以及句意“界限”可知应用名词boundary，作主语，故选C。 5．考查动词。句意：在技术进步的大力推动下，特别是协作工具的增加，远程工作已经从仅仅是一种趋势转变为当代工作方式的一个重要组成部分。根据“by technological advancements, particularly the multiplication of cooperative tools”以及句意“推动”可知应用过去分词fueled，作状语，和主语是被动关系。故选G。 6．考查形容词。句意：在技术进步的大力推动下，特别是协作工具的增加，远程工作已经从仅仅是一种趋势转变为当代工作方式的一个重要组成部分。根据“remote work has transferred from being a mere trend to becoming a vital component of the”以及句意“当代”可知应用形容词contemporary，修饰名词style，作定语，故选E。 7．考查动词。句意：技术创新催生了多种数字平台，促进了远程有效沟通和项目管理。根据“effective communication and project management from a distance”以及句意“促进”可知应用动词facilitate，作谓语，陈述事实用一般现在时，谓语与先行词platforms保持一致，用原形。故选H。 8．考查形容词。句意：员工的经历不仅仅是偶然的。根据“It is fundamental to how organizations shape the productivity and well-being of their teams.(它是组织如何塑造其团队的生产力和福祉的基础)”以及句意“偶然的”可知应用形容词incidental，作表语。故选B。 9．考查名词。句意：如今的员工更喜欢远程工作所带来的独立性和灵活性，从而改善了工作与生活的平衡，并消除了耗时的通勤。根据“employees prefer the independence and flexibility that remote work affords, allowing for improved work-life balance and the removal of time-consuming”以及句意“通勤”可知应用名词commutes，作宾语，故选A。 10．考查动词。句意：另一方面，雇主可以利用降低的管理费用和利用全球人才库的能力，使留住专业人才比以往任何时候都更加可行。根据“on reduced overhead costs and the ability”以及句意“利用”可知应用动词capitalize，且can后跟动词原形。故选I。 （2025·上海普陀·二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. advocating    B．alongside    C． committed   D．convincing      E. handle   F. logic   G. motivate   H. organizational   I. primitively    J. sustain   K. visual The Art of Persuasion Persuasion is the art of influencing others’ thoughts, feelings and actions. It’s about 1 people to see things from your perspective, adopt your ideas or take specific actions. When you’re negotiating a business deal, 2 a cause or simply trying to get your point across, persuasion plays a crucial role. Employers place a great value on employees with persuasion skills because they can impact several aspects of job performance. Besides, teamwork and leadership rely heavily on the power of persuasion to get things done. Without persuasion skills, employees may not be as 3 to or convinced of the importance of an organization’s vision and long-term mission. Effective use of persuasion skills will not only help get your coworkers excited about your ideas, it’ll also help you 4 them to achieve a common goal. In order to learn the art of persuasion at the workplace, you need to understand how to 5 conflicts and reach agreements. Good communication is the first step in effective persuasion, but 6 and reasoning are just as important. Before you can get somebody on-board with your goal, you should help them understand why they should pursue it. Using 7 aids to back up your ideas can help illustrate your ideas better. Successful persuasion skills are based on your ability to have positive interactions and maintain meaningful relationships with people. In order to 8 those relationships, you must be able to work in their best interests as well. Your coworkers are more likely to agree with you when they succeed 9 . The more they achieve and the greater progress they make, the more they trust your judgement and strength. We persuade and get persuaded every day. A vast majority of people favour cooperation and teamwork over traditional 10 structures; no one likes to be told what to do or to be pushed around. Therefore, organizations and leaders should adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessary changes. 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．G 5．E 6．F 7．K 8．J 9．B 10．H 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了说服的艺术，阐述了说服技能在职场的重要性，说明了学习说服艺术的方法以及成功说服技能的基础。 1．考查动词。句意：说服是关于让人们从你的角度看事情，采纳你的想法或采取特定行动。根据后文“people to see things from your perspective, adopt your ideas or take specific actions”可知，这里需要一个表示“使信服、说服”意思的动词，convince符合语境，且about是介词，后接动名词形式convincing。故选D项。 2．考查动词。句意：当你在谈一笔生意、倡导一项事业或只是想表达你的观点时，说服起着至关重要的作用。根据后文“a cause”可知，这里需要一个表示“倡导、拥护”意思的动词，advocate符合语境，和negotiating并列，都用现在分词形式advocating。故选A项。 3．考查形容词。句意：没有说服技巧，员工可能不会那么致力于或相信一个组织的愿景和长期使命的重要性。根据后文“to or convinced of the importance of an organization’s vision and long term mission”可知，这里需要一个表示“致力于……的”意思的形容词，committed符合语境，作表语，be committed to是固定搭配，意为“致力于”。故选C项。 4．考查动词。句意：有效运用说服技巧不仅能让你的同事对你的想法感到兴奋，还能激励他们实现一个共同的目标。根据后文“them to achieve a common goal”可知，这里需要一个表示“激励”意思的动词，motivate符合语境，help sb.do sth.是固定搭配，用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。故选G项。 5．考查动词。句意：为了在职场学习说服的艺术，你需要了解如何处理冲突并达成协议。根据后文“conflicts and reach agreements”可知，这里需要一个表示“处理”意思的动词，handle符合语境，用原形构成不定式短语。故选E项。 6．考查名词。句意：良好的沟通是有效说服的第一步，但逻辑和推理同样重要。根据后文“and reasoning are just as important”可知，这里需要一个和“推理”意思相关的名词，logic符合语境，作主语。故选F项。 7．考查形容词。句意：使用视觉辅助工具来支持你的想法可以帮助你更好地阐述你的想法。根据后文“aids to back up your ideas”和“illustrate your ideas better”可知，这里需要一个表示“视觉的”意思的形容词，visual符合语境，作定语。故选K项。 8．考查动词。句意：为了维持这些关系，你也必须能够为他们的最大利益行事。根据后文“those relationships”可知，这里需要一个表示“维持”意思的动词，sustain符合语境，用原形构成不定式短语。故选J项。 9．考查介词。句意：当你的同事和你一起取得成功时，他们更有可能同意你的观点。根据后文“The more they achieve and the greater progress they make, the more they trust your judgement and strength.”可推知，同事和你一起取得成功，他们会更支持你，表示“和……一起”，介词alongside符合语境。故选B项。 10．考查形容词。句意：绝大多数人更喜欢合作和团队协作，而不是传统的组织架构；没有人喜欢被指使或被摆布。根据前文“traditional”和后文“no one likes to be told what to do or to be pushed around”可推知，大多数人不喜欢传统的组织架构，用形容词organizational作定语，意为“组织的”，符合语境。故选H项。 （2025·上海金山·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．changes    B．current     C． delays            D．enclosed    E. identifiable     F. include        G. matching     H. movements        I. occurred    J. overriding        K. works We need a fourth white traffic light to ease traffic jams Engineers propose adding a white traffic light to let self-driving cars ease traffic jams. Studies show this fourth light could help autonomous vehicles (AVs) manage traffic flow and reduce travel time. Normally, the four-light system works like 1 three-light systems—red means stop, green means go. However, when enough self-driving cars approach a crossroads, the white light activates, 2 the standard signals. This tells human drivers that AVs are now directing vehicle 3 via wireless communication. Human drivers must simply follow the car ahead— 4 its stops or movements. A researcher, Dr. Ali, said, “Our ‘white phase’ concept taps into the computing power of AVs themselves. Entitling some of the traffic flow control to AVs 5 in any AV case. But we must 6 the white light concept at crossroads to clarify the situation for humans.” The colour of the ‘white light’ doesn’t matter. What’s important is that there should be a signal that is clearly 7 by drivers. Tests showed that small improvements in traffic flow 8 when as little as 10 per cent of the vehicles at a crossroads were autonomous. Dr Ali said, “For example, when 10 per cent of vehicles are autonomous, you see 9 reduced by 3 per cent. When 30 per cent are autonomous, they are reduced by 10.7 per cent.” While AVs aren’t ready for immediate use, researchers say it would require only minor 10 to crossroads and AV software updates. Critics warn that relying on humans to follow the “leader” rule poses risks, but the team believes this balances innovation with clear communication during the transition to AVs. 【答案】 1．B 2．J 3．H 4．G 5．K 6．F 7．E 8．I 9．C 10．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。工程师提议增设白交通灯助自动驾驶车疏堵，介绍其运作及效果，虽有风险但只需小改动即可实现。 1．考查形容词。句意：通常情况下，四灯系统的工作方式与当前的三灯系统类似 —— 红灯停，绿灯行。分析句子可知，这里需要一个形容词来修饰“three - light systems”，current，表示“当前的”， 符合语境，故选B。 2．考查现在分词。句意：然而，当足够多的自动驾驶汽车接近十字路口时，白灯亮起，优先于标准信号。分析句子结构，这里可用现在分词作伴随状语，overriding，表示“优先于；凌驾于”，符合“白灯亮起时会优先于标准信号”的意思。故选J。 3．考查名词。句意：这告诉人类司机，自动驾驶汽车现在正通过无线通信指挥车辆的移动。分析句子可知，vehicle后需要一个名词，movements，表示“移动；运动”，符合“指挥车辆移动”的语境，故选H。 4．考查现在分词。句意：人类司机只需跟随前面的车 —— 匹配它的停车或移动。分析句子结构，这里可用现在分词作伴随状语，matching，表示“匹配；与…… 相符”，符合“人类司机的操作要与前面车的动作相匹配”的意思。故选G。 5．考查动词。句意：在任何自动驾驶情况下，将部分交通流量控制权交给自动驾驶汽车都是有效的。分析句子可知，这里需要一个动词作谓语，works，表示“起作用；有效”，符合语境。故选K。 6．考查动词。句意：但我们必须在十字路口包含白灯概念，以便为人类澄清情况。分析句子可知，must后接动词原形，include，表示“包含；包括”，符合“要把白灯概念包含在十字路口的交通规则中”的意思。故选F。 7．考查形容词。句意：重要的是应该有一个能被司机清楚识别的信号。分析句子可知，is后可接形容词作表语，identifiable，表示“可识别的；可辨认的”，符合“信号要能被司机清楚识别”的语境。故选E。 8．考查动词。句意：测试表明，当十字路口只有 10% 的车辆是自动驾驶时，交通流量就会出现小幅改善。分析句子可知，这里需要一个动词作谓语，occurred，表示“发生；出现”，符合“交通流量出现改善”的语境。故选I。 9．考查名词。句意：例如，当10%的车辆是自动驾驶时，你会看到延误减少了3%。分析句子可知，see后接名词作宾语，delays，表示“延误；延迟”，符合“交通延误减少”的语境。故选C。 10．考查名词。句意：研究人员表示，这只需要对十字路口进行微小的改变和自动驾驶软件更新。分析句子可知，minor 后应接名词，changes，表示“改变；变化”，符合“对十字路口进行小的改变”的语境。故选A。 （2025·上海黄浦·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．enthusiasts   B．free-spirited   C． fresh   D．incredibly   E. invisible   F. memory G. mutually   H. on-location   I. ordinary   J. popularized   K. transformed Urban Sketching Retreats (城市写生静修) are Taking Off Many travellers take pictures during their trips, but others find that slowing down to illustrate a place helps them appreciate it in a more meaningful way. Back in the 1800s, French artists like Eugène Louis Boudin and Claude Monet packed their paint brushes and set off to capture the natural landscape — and in the process, they 1 art as people knew it. While painting outdoors on the spot has been around for roughly 200 years, the “en plein air” (open-air) art movement 2 by Boudin and Monet has recently inspired a newer trend: urban sketching. This casual, 3 approach to en plein air art is often accompanied by text to tell the story of the artist’s surroundings when they travel. “Sketching on the go at different places around the globe opens your eyes to everything from the obvious to the 4 . A sketch captures a(n) 5 of people and places in a way that a photograph never can,” says Annette Morris, education director at Urban Sketchers, a global community that organises urban sketching walks for painting 6 . Alex Hillkurtz, an urban sketcher, believes drawing or painting 7 helps travellers slow down and experience a place in a different way. “While travelling, there’s a tendency to rush through wish-list experiences. Urban sketching retreats allow us to step out of the busy and noisy activities by creating something by hand,” he explains. “As we draw, we notice the beauty in the 8 : the way sunlight warms a scene, the comings and goings of locals in a market and the colours reflected in the water fountain.” “As an art instructor, it’s wonderful to see how each participant brings a(n) 9 perspective to what’s in front of them,” says Alicia Aradilla, who now leads urban sketching retreats. “Every sketchbook ends up being different; I find that 10 appealing about sketching trips.” 【答案】 1．K 2．J 3．B 4．E 5．F 6．A 7．H 8．I 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍城市写生静修的背景、特点、意义以及参与者的体验，向读者展示了这一新兴趋势的魅力和价值。 1．考查动词。句意：早在19世纪，法国艺术家如尤金·路易·布丁和克劳德·莫奈带着他们的画笔出发，去捕捉自然景观——在这个过程中，他们改变了人们对艺术的认知。根据句意和空格后的名词art可知，空格处应该填入动词作谓语，且意义为“改变”，所以transformed填入空格处，符合句意。故选K项。 2．考查动词。句意：虽然户外现场绘画已经存在大约200年了，但由布丁和莫奈推广的“户外写生”艺术运动最近激发了一种新的趋势：城市写生。根据句意和空格前的名词短语art movement以及空格后的by可知，空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰前面的名词短语art movement，且意义为“推广”，所以过去分词popularized填入空格处，符合句意。故选J项。 3．考查形容词。句意：这种随意的、自由奔放的户外写生方式通常会配上文字，讲述艺术家旅行时周围的环境。根据句意和空格后的名词approach可知，空格处应该用形容词作定语，且意义为“自由奔放的”，所以free-spirited填入空格处，符合句意。故选B项。 4．考查形容词。句意：在全球各地的不同地方即兴写生，会让你看到从显而易见到难以察觉的一切。根据句意和空格前的the obvious可知，空格处应该用形容词，构成“the+形容词”结构（表一类事物）作宾语，且意义为“不为人注意的”，所以invisible填入空格处，符合句意。故选E项。 5．考查名词。句意：一幅速写以一种照片永远无法做到的方式捕捉了人和地方的记忆。根据句意和空格前的不定冠词a(n)可知，空格处应该用单数名词作宾语，且意义为“记忆”，所以memory填入空格处，符合句意。故选F项。 6．考查名词。句意：她是城市写生者组织的教育主任，该组织是一个全球性社区，为绘画爱好者组织城市写生活动。根据句意和空格前的介词for可知，空格处应该用名词作宾语，且意义为“爱好者”，所以，enthusiasts填入空格处，符合句意。故选A项。 7．考查形容词。句意：城市写生者亚历克斯·希尔库尔茨认为，现场绘画有助于旅行者放慢脚步，以不同的方式体验一个地方。空格处修饰前面的的动名词drawing or painting，且意义为“现场的”，所以形容词on-location填入空格处，符合句意。故选H项。 8．考查形容词。句意：当我们绘画时，我们会注意到平凡中的美：阳光如何温暖一个场景，市场上当地人的来来往往，以及水池中反射的颜色。根据句意和空格前的in the可知，空格处应该用形容词，构成“the+形容词”（表一类事物），且意义为“平凡的”，所以形容词ordinary填入空格处，符合句意。故选I项。 9．考查形容词。句意：“作为一名艺术教师，看到每个参与者都以一种全新的视角看待眼前的事物，这真是太棒了，”现在带领城市写生静修的阿莉西亚·阿拉迪拉说。根据句意和空格后的名词perspective可知，空格处应该用形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词，且意义为“新的”，所以形容词fresh填入空格处，符合句意。故选C项。 10．考查副词。句意：每个速写本最终都是不同的；我发现这种独特性是写生之旅最吸引人的地方。根据句意和空格后的形容词appealing可知，空格处应该用副词作状语，修饰后面的形容词appealing，且意义为“极其”，所以副词incredibly填入空格处，符合句意。故选D项。 （2025·上海长宁·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．artificially    B．bound     C．causally     D．conservationists         E.considerable F.definitive    G.dominate    H.grounds     I.linked     J.stabilized    K.stuff Eat away fire The African continent has a wide variety of habitat types, but savanna (热带稀树草原) ecosystems cover roughly half. And where there is savanna, there is fire. “It’s an important part of the ecology of the system,” says University of Liverpool ecologist James R. Probert. Burning allows grasses to 1 by keeping taller bushes from spreading on the landscape. Loss of grasses could push out species such as wildebeest (牛羚). A decade ago, researchers believed that the decline in fires in Tanzania’s Serengeti National Park was due to the recovery of wildebeest populations after a certain disease. When millions of wildebeest 2 themselves with grass, they remove fuel from the landscape, making fires less frequent and less severe. However, Probert and his coworkers found that even after wildebeest populations 3 in the mid-1990s, fires continued to decrease in the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem. Their analysis of satellite data revealed a(n) 4 40 percent decline in wildfires between 2001 and 2014—coinciding with dramatic increases in farm animals in the area. “If you have lots of grass-eating animals, then you have less fire. That’s well known,” Probert says. “But I don’t think anybody had realized the extent of the decline in fire and 5 it to farm animals before.” John Fryxell, a biologist at the University of Guelph, calls this pattern “really interesting.” He warns that 15 years of data is still a small sample for 6 conclusions. “This suggests there’s something interesting here that could provide the 7 for a deeper experimental analysis,” he adds. Future research could include 8 controlling fire frequency or animal populations in certain areas. It can be followed by monitoring the landscape’s response over time. Probert notes that some areas face a problem where farm animals use up more resources than the land can sustain. He suggests that 9 work with sheep or cattle farmers. They can develop an alternating feeding plan, spreading the animals’ impact over time and space. Studies like Probert’s reveal how wild places like the Serengeti-Mara are 10 connected to human activities. Their findings stress the urgency for sustainable practices to preserve wildlife and ecosystems. 【答案】 1．G 2．K 3．J 4．E 5．I 6．F 7．H 8．A 9．D 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了非洲热带稀树草原生态系统中火灾减少的现象及原因，以及相关研究和对未来的建议。 1．考查动词。句意：燃烧通过阻止更高的灌木丛在这片土地上蔓延，让草得以占据主导地位。“allow sb./sth. to do sth.”是固定结构，此处需要一个动词原形，根据“by keeping taller bushes from spreading on the landscape”可知，燃烧能让草在与灌木丛的竞争中占据优势，“dominate”有“占主导地位；支配”的意思，符合语境。故填G。 2．考查动词。句意：当成千上万的牛羚吃饱了草，它们就清除了这片土地上的燃料，使得火灾发生得没那么频繁，也没那么严重了。“stuff oneself with sth.”是固定短语，意为 “用…… 塞满自己；吃饱……”，这里描述牛羚吃草的行为，符合语境。本句在陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时。故填K。 3．考查动词。句意：然而，普罗伯特和他的同事们发现，即使在 20 世纪 90 年代中期牛羚数量稳定下来之后，塞伦盖蒂 - 马拉生态系统中的火灾仍在减少。空处为从句谓语动词，因此需要一个动词；根据 “in the mid - 1990s” 可知，这里描述过去的一个时间点牛羚数量的状态，“stabilize”意为“使稳定；稳定下来”，用一般过去时，与主语 “wildebeest populations” 构成主动关系，符合语境。故填J。 4．考考查形容词。句意：他们对卫星数据的分析显示，2001 年至 2014 年间，野火大幅减少了 40%—— 这与该地区家畜数量的急剧增加相吻合。此处需要一个形容词来修饰 “decline”，“considerable”表示“相当大的；重要的”，强调野火减少的程度，符合语境。故填E。 5．考查动词。句意：但我认为以前没有人意识到火灾减少的程度，并将其与家畜联系起来。“link...to...” 是固定短语，意为 “把…… 和…… 联系起来”，这里表示将火灾减少与家畜数量增加建立联系，符合语境。与“realized”并列，为过去完成时。故填I。 6．考查形容词。句意：他警告说，15 年的数据对于得出明确的结论来说仍然是一个小样本。这里需要一个形容词修饰 “conclusions”，“definitive”表示 “明确的；最终的”作定语，说明 15 年的数据还不足以得出确定的结论，符合语境。故填F。 7．考查名词。句意：这表明这里有一些有趣的东西，可以为更深入的实验分析提供依据。“provide the grounds for...” 是固定搭配，意为 “为…… 提供依据 / 基础”，符合语境。名词作宾语。故填H。 8．考查副词。句意：未来的研究可能包括在某些地区人工控制火灾频率或动物数量。此处需要一个副词修饰 “controlling”，“artificially”表示“人工地；人为地”做状语，说明对火灾频率或动物数量的控制是人为进行的，符合语境。故填A。 9．考查名词。句意：他建议自然资源保护主义者与养羊或养牛的农民合作。空处为从句主语，根据“work with sheep or cattle farmers” 以及“preserve wildlife and ecosystems” 可知，这里指从事保护野生动物和生态系统工作的人，即“conservationists”（自然资源保护主义者），符合语境。做主语。故填D。 10．考查副词。句意：像普罗伯特这样的研究揭示了像塞伦盖蒂 - 马拉这样的野生地区是如何与人类活动有着因果联系的。这里需要一个副词修饰“connected”，“causally” 表示“有因果关系地”做状语，说明野生地区与人类活动之间存在因果关联，符合语境。故填C。 （2025·上海宝山·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．community   B．reveal   C． originally    D．marketing   E. eventually   F. electronic   G. added        H. strike    I. dressing     J. statistic      K. material Despite its name, there’s nothing little about Xiaohongshu. Every day, millions of people swipe (滑动) its 1 pages. The app has a huge goal. Its website states: “Our mission is inspiring lives to share and discover the wonders of the world.” These “wonders” were 2 luxury brands, and the users who shared their discoveries were mostly women from China’s major cities. Xiaohongshu was created in 2013 as a shopping platform. Beauty and fashion have always been its most popular topics, but new categories keep getting 3 . Now companies everywhere are paying attention to this vast 4 of consumers. Xiaohongshu combines lifestyle tips with business. “KeyOpinion Consumers” demonstrate products and strike a note of friendship. As users make comments, connections grow among like-minded people. Brands build 5 strategies around the latest trends. For example, millions of Xiaohongshu users have posted about “dopamine 6 .” Search “dopamine” in the app, and you’ll find endless products, including furniture and dog clothing! Brands hope that you, and a few million others, will buy their products. Xiaohongsnu offers more than 7 goods. Its mission to “inspire lives” also happens when people promote learning and creativity. Users can connect with experts and enthusiasts in many fields. A talented pianist can show you how to practice scales. A skilled painter could demonstrate how to mix colors. A dancer might post a video of dance moves that you can copy step by step. And a popular vlogger (博主) may 8 her daily routine, complete with relaxing music. You could spend hours scrolling (滚动) through this not-so-little book. But try to fill your time—and mind—wisely. Why not use Xiaohongshu to learn more English? After all, one of the greatest “wonders of the world” is human language. On this app, you can look for teachers who speak clearly, offer natural conversations and communicate sincere friendship. Remember that even in the huge world of social media, you were made to be more than a consumer 9 . You were made to be known and understood. Learning to 10 up a good conversation could be your mission on Xiaohongshu! 【答案】 1．F 2．C 3．G 4．A 5．D 6．I 7．K 8．B 9．J 10．H 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了上百万人使用的应用程序“小红书”。 1．考查形容词。句意：每天，数以百万计的人浏览它的电子页面。空处应用形容词，修饰名词“pages”，作定语；选项F. electronic为形容词，表示“电子的”，符合句意。故选F。 2．考查副词。句意：这些“奇迹”最初是奢侈品牌，分享她们的发现的用户大多是来自中国主要城市的女性。空处可用副词，修饰动词“were”，作状语；选项C. originally为副词，表示“最初、原来”，符合句意。故选C。 3．考查过去分词。句意：美容和时尚一直是最受欢迎的话题，但新的类别不断增加。动词短语get done为被动结构，表示“被做”，故空处可用过去分词added，表示“被增加”，符合句意。故选G。 4．考查名词。句意：现在，世界各地的公司都在关注这个庞大的消费者群体。空处应用名词，作宾语；选项A. community为名词，表示“群体”，符合句意。故选A。 5．考查名词。句意：品牌围绕最新趋势制定营销策略。空处作定语，修饰名词“strategies”；选项D. marketing为名词，表示“营销、促销”，marketing strategies表示“营销策略”，符合句意。故选D。 6．考查名词。句意：例如，数百万小红书用户发布了关于“多巴胺穿衣”的帖子。空处应用名词，作宾语；选项I. dressing为名词，表示“穿衣”，dopamine dressing意为“多巴胺穿衣”，符合句意。故选I。 7．考查形容词。句意：小红书提供的不仅仅是物质上的东西。空处可用形容词，修饰名词“goods”，作定语；选项K. material可作形容词，表示“物质的”，符合句意。故选K。 8．考查动词。句意：一位受欢迎的视频博主可能会透露她的日常生活，并播放轻松的音乐。空处用在情态动词may后面，应用动词原形，作谓语；选项B. reveal为动词，表示“揭示、透露”，符合句意。故选B。 9．考查名词。句意：记住，即使在庞大的社交媒体世界里，你也不仅仅是一项消费者统计数据。空处应用名词，作宾语；选项J. statistic为名词，表示“统计数据”，符合句意。故选J。 10．考查动词。句意：你在小红书上的任务就是学会发起一场愉快的谈话！动词短语learn to do sth表示“学会做某事”，故空处应为动词；选项H. strike为动词，表示“击、打”，动词短语strike up表示“开始、发起（谈话）”，符合句意。故选H。 （2025·上海奉贤·二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．visually B．interacts C． essential D．minute E. composition F. perspective G. accuracy H. dominates I. expansive J. survives K. occasionally Masterpiece: One Thousand Liof Rivers and Mountains Wang Ximeng (1096-1119) was a famous but short-lived painter. Tragically, only one of his works 1 One Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains, which is cherished as a rare and precious masterpiece in the art world. This masterpiece measures 51.5 cm high by11.92 m long, created in simple black ink and ground pigment (颜料) on a long silk scroll. Despite its material simplicity, the painting’s 2 is remarkably complex. It unfolds like a panoramic (全景式的) story of a Southern Chinese landscape, presented with a(n) 3 that hints at Wang’s deep roots in the region. The landscape is divided into six mountain sections separated by water, 4 linked by bridges. Houses, trees, and figures dot the mountains, shown from various viewpoints. This shifting 5 enables viewers, as they unroll the scroll from right to left, to experience a continuous, immersive narrative of daily activities. It creates a dynamic visual flow, much like watching scenery pass by through a train window. The painting’s perfection is enhanced by its 6 striking blue-green landscape, or qinglü shanshui, a technique that flourished during the Northen Song Dynasty. Brilliant blue 7 the mountains’ peaks, bold green covers the mountains’ valleys, and pale brown implies the mountains’ bases. This radiant arrangement emphasizes color over line, skillfully using light, shade, and texture to create depth and atmosphere. This painting 8 with the viewer in a way rarely found in Western paintings. Due to its vast scale but 9 details, it requires multiple viewings at different distances. The first viewing is at a far distance to observe its sweeping grandeur. The second viewing is at a close distance to observe its refined features. The third viewing is at a mid-distance to observe its overall impact. This layered viewing experience deepens the engagement with the artwork, making the paintings feel completely alive. It offers a profound and subtle exploration of the visible world through its 10 — size, rich colors, and expressive details, emitting qi or energy that enlivens the viewer. Ultimately, this masterpiece invites viewers to immerse themselves in its beauty, discovering new horizons with each encounter. 【答案】 1．J 2．E 3．G 4．K 5．F 6．A 7．H 8．B 9．D 10．I 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了王希孟的《千里江山图》以及画作鉴赏。 1．考查动词。句意：可悲的是，他的作品只有一幅幸存下来——《千里江山图》，这是艺术界罕见而珍贵的杰作。根据“One Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains, which is cherished as a rare and precious masterpiece in the art world”以及句意“幸存”可知，应填动词survive，陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选J。 2．考查名词。句意：尽管材料简单，这幅画的构图却异常复杂。根据“It unfolds like a panoramic story of a Southern Chinese landscape”以及句意“构图”可知，应填名词composition，作主语。故选E。 3．考查名词。句意：它就像一个中国南方风景的全景故事，以一种准确的方式呈现，暗示了王在该地区的深厚根基。根据“that hints at Wang’s deep roots in the region”以及句意“准确”可知，应填名词accuracy，作宾语，不可数。故选G。 4．考查副词。句意：这片景观被分成六个由水隔开的山区，偶尔由桥梁连接起来。根据“The landscape is divided into six mountain sections separated by water”以及后文“linked by bridges”和句意表示“偶尔”可知，应填副词occasionally，修饰动词linked。故选K。 5．考查名词。句意：当观众从右向左展开卷轴时，这种变换的视角使他们能够体验到连续的、身临其境的日常活动叙事。根据“Houses, trees, and figures dot the mountains, shown from various viewpoints.(房屋、树木和人物点缀在山上，从不同的角度展示)”以及句意“视角”可知，应填名词perspective，作主语。故选F。 6．考查副词。句意：这幅画的完美之处在于其视觉上引人注目的蓝绿色景观，或青绿山水，这是北宋时期蓬勃发展的一种技术。根据“striking blue-green landscape”以及句意“视觉上”可知，应填副词visually，修饰形容词striking。故选A。 7．考查动词。句意：明亮的蓝色支配着山峰，大胆的绿色覆盖着山谷，浅棕色暗示着山脉的底部。根据“the mountains’ peaks, bold green covers the mountains’ valleys”以及句意“支配”可知应填动词dominate，作谓语，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为Brilliant blue，谓语用三单形式。故选H。 8．考查动词。句意：这幅画以一种在西方绘画中很少发现的方式与观众互动。根据“with the viewer in a way rarely found in Western paintings”以及句意“互动”可知，应填动词interact，作谓语，陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，主语为This painting，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 9．考查形容词。句意：由于其庞大的规模和微小的细节，它需要在不同的距离进行多次观看。根据“The first viewing is at a far distance to observe its sweeping grandeur. The second viewing is at a close distance to observe its refined features. The third viewing is at a mid-distance to observe its overall impact.(第一次观看是在很远的地方观察它的壮观。第二次观察是在近距离观察其精致的特征。第三次观察是在中距离观察其整体影响)”以及句意“微小的”可知，应填形容词minute，修饰details。故选D。 10．考查形容词。句意：通过其广阔的尺寸、丰富的色彩和富有表现力的细节，它提供了对可见世界的深刻而微妙的探索，散发出气或能量，使观众活跃起来。根据上文“This masterpiece measures 51.5 cm high by11.92 m long, created in simple black ink and ground pigment (颜料) on a long silk scroll.(这幅杰作高51.5厘米，长11.92米，用简单的黑色墨水和底色绘制在长长的丝绸卷轴上)”以及句意“广阔的”可知，应填形容词expansive，修饰名词size。故选I。 （2025·上海青浦·二模）Directions:  Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.  Each word can be used only once.  Note that there is one word more than you need. A．controlling    B．practically      C． sort         D．litter    E. claimed      F. diet           G. inefficient     H. revolutionary   I. commercial    J. reborn   K. theoretically A New Way to Break Down “Unrecyclable” Plastic Waste The world is miserable at recycling plastics. Currently, just 10-15% of the plastic waste we generate annually is recycled — with the rest burned, buried in landfill or dumped as 1 . A big part of the problem is that much of the waste is a pile of different dirty plastics mixed with food, inks and labels. It’s expensive to clean and 2 this mess into streams of single-polymer plastic — the kind that is generally needed for conventional “mechanical” recycling, in which plastic is cut, melted and re-formed into small balls, ready for new products. That explains the excitement around a chemical plant that will start 3 operations this year in northeast England. It can, 4 , take any kind of plastic waste, including mixed plastics considered “unrecyclable”, and break it down into chemicals that are similar to those extracted from oil. With further processing, these chemicals can be turned back into fresh plastic. If successful, it could be a powerful example of a circular manufacturing process — in which plastic is used and reprocessed over and over again — potentially 5 the world’s dependence on fossil resources to make original plastics. The facility uses a variation on a concept called chemical recycling, which breaks plastics apart into smaller chemical building blocks. Its main competitor in this approach is pyrolysis: heating plastics to temperatures above 450 °C in a reactor without oxygen. But pyrolysis is energy-intensive and 6 , with much of the plastic being turned into something useless. Mura Technology, the London-based company behind the facility, says it is the first commercial-scale plant in the world to recycle plastic in this way. Mura has also declared the technology to be “ 7 ” because it “has the potential to help eliminate plastic waste, recycling all types of plastic to create a true circular economy”.   In practice, as Mura explains, the plant is currently picky about its 8 of plastic waste. And because, as with pyrolysis plants, not all of the facility’s products will be 9 as plastic, some critics say that the process shouldn’t count as recycling — an accusation that Mura rejects. These practicalities raise questions about the future of plastics pollution and whether chemical recycling can live up to its promised potential. The idea is not useless — but the real-life complications around the process make it less groundbreaking than 10 . 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．I 4．K 5．A 6．G 7．H 8．F 9．J 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国东北部一家化学工厂处理“不可回收”塑料垃圾的新方式。 1．考查名词。句意：目前，我们每年产生的塑料垃圾中只有10-15%被回收利用，其余的被焚烧、埋在垃圾填埋场或当作垃圾倾倒。根据“burned, buried in landfill or dumped”可知，这里说的是当作垃圾处理，名词“litter”意为“垃圾”，作宾语。故选项D。 2．考查动词。句意：将这些杂乱的东西清理并分类成单一聚合物塑料流是很昂贵的。根据前文“a pile of different dirty plastics”和后文“into streams of single-polymer plastic”可知，需要把不同的塑料进行分类，动词“sort”意为“分类”，符合语意。故选项C。 3．考查形容词。句意：这就解释了一家将于今年在英格兰东北部开始商业运营的化工厂为何令人兴奋。根据后文“With further processing, these chemicals can be turned back into fresh plastic. If successful, it could be a powerful example of a circular manufacturing process”可知，化工厂将开始商业运营，令人兴奋，形容词“commercial”意为“商业的”，作定语。故选项I。 4．考查副词。句意：从理论上讲，它可以处理任何种类的塑料垃圾。根据后文提到实际情况工厂对塑料垃圾有要求可知，这里说的是理论上的情况，副词“theoretically”意为“理论上”，符合语意。故选项K。 5．考查动词。句意：如果成功的话，它可能是循环制造过程的一个有力范例，有可能控制世界在制造原始塑料时对化石资源的依赖。根据后文“the world’s dependence on fossil resources”可知，这种方式可能控制对化石资源的依赖，动词“controlling”意为“控制”，符合语意。故选项A。 6．考查形容词。句意：但热解过程耗能大且效率低，大部分塑料会变成无用的东西。根据后文“much of the plastic being turned into something useless”可知，热解是效率低的，形容词“inefficient”意为“效率低的”，作表语。故选项G。 7．考查形容词。句意：Mura还宣称这项技术具有“革命性”，因为它“有潜力帮助消除塑料垃圾，回收各种类型的塑料，创造真正的循环经济”。根据后文“has the potential to help eliminate plastic waste”可知，这项技术有革命性意义，形容词“revolutionary”意为“革命性的”，作表语。故选项H。 8．考查名词。句意：实际上，正如Mura所解释的，该工厂目前对其处理的塑料垃圾“饮食”很挑剔。根据前文“It can, 4 , take any kind of plastic waste, including mixed plastics considered “unrecyclable”, and break it down into chemicals that are similar to those extracted from oil. With further processing, these chemicals can be turned back into fresh plastic.”可知，先要将塑料垃圾送入化工厂，作为生产新塑料的原料，可将其视为工厂的“饮食”，即diet；结合句中“picky about”可知，工厂对其能处理的塑料垃圾很挑剔，即对其“diet”很挑剔，这是一种比喻用法。故选项F。 9．考查动词。句意：因为和热解工厂一样，该工厂的并非所有产品都会重生为塑料。根据前文“not all of the facility’s products will be”和后文“some critics say that the process shouldn’t count as recycling”可知，不是所有产品都会再次成为塑料，动词“reborn”意为“重生”，符合语境。故选项J。 10．考查动词。句意：这个想法并非无用，但围绕这个过程的现实复杂性使其不如所宣称的那样具有开创性。根据前文提到Mura宣称技术有革命性等，可知这里说现实不如所宣称的，动词“claimed”意为“宣称”，符合语境。故选项E。 （2025·上海杨浦·二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．preserving    B．focus    C．ultimately    D．determined    E．typically F．demanding    G．general    H．exclusionary    I．power    J．engaged    K．changed Hundreds of Birds to be Renamed The American Ornithological (鸟类的) Society (AOS) has announced that it will rename all birds that are named after people. The change is being made to ensure that names of people who 1 in discrimination are not attached to the birds. The AOS, based in Chicago, has maintained a list of English-language names for birds in North America since 1886. In 2020, a petition (请愿书) 2 a change to bird names that were considered harmful was signed by 182 people and submitted to the AOS. A committee 3 that all birds named after people should get new names. “There is 4 in a name,” said Colleen Handel, the president of AOS. “Some English bird names have associations with the past that continue to be 5 .” The new names, she said, would 6 on “the unique feature of the birds themselves.” The AOS will begin coming up with new common names for the birds early November, focusing on 70 to 80 species in the US and Canada. The scientific names of the species, written in Latin, will not be 7 . The names of birds in Latin America will be considered next. And 8 , the AOS plans to change the names of 263 birds. Some birds have already gotten a new name. In 2020, the AOS renamed a songbird that had been named after a(n) 9 in the US Civil War (1861-1865) who had been part of the Confederacy, the group of states that was committed to 10 slavery. The songbird’s new name is the thick-billed longspur. Christian Cooper, a Black bird enthusiast, told The New York Times, “There’s no reason to have a person’s name attached to a bird because it doesn’t tell you anything about the bird.” 【答案】 1．J 2．F 3．D 4．I 5．H 6．B 7．K 8．C 9．G 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是美国鸟类学会（AOS）决定重新命名所有以人名命名的鸟类，特别是那些与历史上参与歧视行为的人相关的名称。 1．考查时态。句意：这一改变旨在确保那些曾参与歧视行为的人的名字不会与鸟类相关联。由“in discrimination are not attached to the birds”可知，句子表示“曾参与歧视行为的人的名字不会与鸟类相关联”，空格处意为“参与”，是engage，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故选J。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：2020年，一份要求更改被认为具有伤害性的鸟类名称的请愿书得到了182人的签署，并被提交给了AOS。由“petition”和“a change to bird names”可知，句子表示“一份要求更改被认为具有伤害性的鸟类名称的请愿书”，空格处意为“要求”，是demand，句中谓语是was signed，空格处用非谓语动词，petition和demand之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作后置定语，故选F。 3．考查时态。句意：一个委员会决定，所有以人名命名的鸟类都应更换新名称。由“that all birds named after people should get new names”可知，句子表示“一个委员会决定，所有以人名命名的鸟类都应更换新名称”，空格处意为“决定”，是determine，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故选D。 4．考查名词。句意：“名字蕴含着力量，”AOS主席Colleen Handel说道。由“Some English bird names have associations with the past”可知，句子表示“名字蕴含着力量”，空格处意为“力量”，是power，是不可数名词，故选I。 5．考查形容词。句意：一些英语鸟类的名字与过去有联系，这仍然是排他性的。由“Some English bird names have associations with the past”可知，句子表示“这仍然是排他性的”，空格处意为“排他性的”，是exclusionary，故选H。 6．考查时态。句意：新名称将聚焦于“鸟类本身的独特特征”。由“on “the unique feature of the birds themselves.””可知，句子表示“聚焦于“鸟类本身的独特特征””，空格处意为“聚焦”，是focus，would后跟动词原形，故选B。 7．考查被动语态。句意：这些物种的拉丁学名（用拉丁文书写）将保持不变。由“The scientific names of the species, written in Latin”可知，句子表示“这些物种的拉丁学名（用拉丁文书写）将保持不变”，空格处意为“改变”，是change，名词是被改变，句子用被动语态，空前有will not be，空格处用过去分词，故选K。 8．考查副词。句意：最终，AOS计划更改263种鸟类的名称。由“the AOS plans to change the names of 263 birds”可知，句子表示“最终，AOS计划更改263种鸟类的名称”，空格处意为“最终”，是ultimately，故选C。 9．考查名词。句意：2020年，AOS将一种鸣禽重新命名，这种鸣禽原本是以美国内战（1861-1865年）期间的一位将军命名的，该将军曾是南方联盟（一个致力于维护奴隶制的州联盟）的一员。由“in the US Civil War”可知，句子表示“以美国内战期间的一位将军命名的”，空格处意为“将军”，是general，空前有a，空格处用单数，故选G。 10．考查动名词。句意：2020年，AOS将一种鸣禽重新命名，这种鸣禽原本是以美国内战（1861-1865年）期间的一位将军命名的，该将军曾是南方联盟（一个致力于维护奴隶制的州联盟）的一员。由“Confederacy, the group of states that was committed to”和“slavery”可知，句子表示“该将军曾是南方联盟（一个致力于维护奴隶制的州联盟）的一员”，空格处意为“维护”，是preserve，to是介词，空格处用动名词作宾语，故选A。 难度分布 较易 适中 较难 6.25 68.75 25 试卷第34页，共34页 试卷第33页，共34页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题02 选词填空（16区二模真题速递） 全篇题型分析 题号 难度系数 详细知识点 1 0.85 环境保护 2 0.65 科普知识 3 0.65 信息技术 4 0.65 科普知识 ；方法/策略 5 0.65 美术与摄影；艺术家 6 0.65 阅读 7 0.65 发明与创造 ；社会问题与社会现象 8 0.65 职业内容 9 0.65 方法/策略；合作与交流 10 0.65 交通与运输 ；发明与创造 11 0.65 美术与摄影 12 0.65 自然灾害与防范；科普知识 13 0.4 信息技术 14 0.4 中国文化与节日；美术与摄影 15 0.4 科学技术 ；垃圾分类 16 0.4 动物 （2025·上海闵行·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．switch    B．cost    C． deadliest    D．flooding    E. items    F. shipping G. translates    H. packed    I. sticks    J. lightweight    K. recycle     Plastic is everywhere, but it’s not great for our health or the planet. In the past, a typical box from Amazon — an online shopping platform — arrived 1 with plastic air pillows (枕头) made from flexible plastic film. When plastic film is thrown away, it often ends up in landfills or in the environment, including the oceans, where it can injure and kill marine life. In studies of 80 marine species that died after swallowing a variety of plastic rubbish, flexible plastic proved to be the 2 . Now Amazon announced that by October 2024, it had removed all plastic air pillows from its delivery packaging. “We want to make sure the final package is easy to 3 at home,” says Pat Lindner, Amazon’s vice president of sustainable packaging. To make the 4 , the company had to make sure that a replacement would work as well as the plastic version. It actually turned out to perform better. The number of packages that get damaged in shipment was reduced. Amazon worked with suppliers to find a 5 , 100% recycled paper that’s easier to wrap around an object to protect it. The paper also takes up less space, so now more 6 fit in a smaller box. That 7 to using less gas or electricity, in the case of the company’s electric vans to make a delivery. It’s a welcome change following years of pressure from environmental groups to stop plastic pollution 8 into oceans. “The fact that the world’s largest e-commerce company has made plastic air pillows a thing of history globally is fantastic news for the world’s oceans,” the nonprofit Oceana said in a statement in response to Amazon’s announcement. Plastic is cheap, but the new system saves the company money since there’s less risk that something will break during 9 and need replacement, Lindner says. “And so the fact that we can deliver packages more safely and with less damage is a 10 saving to us.” （2025·上海崇明·二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．cultivate      B．dependence       C． generating         D．insufficient      E. learnable F. predictor      G. quitting          H. restriction          I. underlying        J. widespread K. wind The Importance of Willpower No matter what your goals are in life, willpower is of great importance. Willpower is also of critical importance for behavioral change. Whether you’re 1 a bad habit, trying to get in shape,  or struggling with procrastination (拖延症), you’ll need willpower. Of course, I’m all about using strategies to reduce our 2 on willpower, but you cannot remove the need for willpower entirely. A steady, disciplined use of willpower might seem like a(n) 3 of personal freedom, but it is not. If 4 willpower leaves you a slave to bad habits and addictions, then you’re not really free. If you can’t gather the willpower to overcome procrastination and earn a better life for yourself, then you’re not really free. To 5 true freedom, you’ll need willpower. Importantly, research has shown that self-control is 6 . When researchers teach people with poor self-control the strategies used by those with high self-control, the poor self-control subjects improve. Willpower is not fixed; it can be developed through strategy and practice. People who learn to master willpower become active agents in life, and discover that they are response-able in every situation. And this applies to their behaviors as well as their emotions. Walter Mischel described self-control as “the ‘master talent’ 7 emotional intelligence, essential for constructing a satisfying life.” It’s hard to find anyone who says that willpower doesn’t matter. Yet, despite the 8 agreement about how important willpower is, there is very little agreement in the scientific community about how willpower actually works. Walter Mischel is the man behind the famous “marshmallow (棉花软糖) test” and the author of a book by the same name. His research appeared to show that young children with high self-control 9 up doing better as high schoolers and adults, but more recent research has proved this finding wrong, showing that the willpower levels of young children are not a good 10 of later success. This makes sense because the prefrontal cortex — the area of the brain responsible for willpower — is poorly developed in young children and doesn’t finish developing until early adulthood. （2025·上海嘉定·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．capabilities    B．dismiss    C． examine    D．ignorance E. match    F. misrepresentation    G. passionate    H. point I. plug    J. relieving    K. worrying The Hackers Who Protect Your Security Have you ever locked yourself out of your house and had to try to break in? First you get a sense of accomplishment in succeeding. But then comes the 1 realization that if you can break into your own place as an amateur, a professional could do it five times faster. So you look for the weak 2 in your security and fix it. Well, that’s more or less how the DefCon hackers (黑客) conference works. Every year, hackers meet in Las Vegas to test their knowledge and 3 . Mention the word “hacker” and many of us picture a seventeen-year-old student sitting in a bedroom, illegally hacking into the government systems. But that is actually a(n) 4 of what most hackers do. The activities that take place at DefCon have an enormous impact on our daily lives. Here, computer addicts who can’t break the habit or resist the challenge of finding security gaps 5 all kinds of systems, from the internet to mobile communications to household door locks. And then they try to hack them. In doing so, they do us all a great service by passing on their findings to industry, which can then 6 the security holes. If you’re among those who 7 the DefCon attendees as a bunch of social misfits, then you probably have the same password for 90 percent of your online existence, which is risky. Even if you think you’re being clever by using your grandmother’s birth date backwards as a password, you’re no 8 for these people. There is no greater 9 to be found online than that of an average Internet user. I’m happy to admit that I’m one of them. I’m also aware that there are other people out there who are trying to get more and more access to our personal data. Sadly, we have few tools to protect ourselves. But there is a group of people who are 10 about online freedom and have the means to help us protect our privacy. Many of them can be found at DefCon. （2025·上海浦东新·二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．beneficial  B．building  C． cloudy   D．disturbing  E. fix  F. mismatch    G. originated    H. perception  I. readies  J. sharpened  K. supervises How to prosper in an uncertain world In an age of rapid change, our instinctive desire for certainty may be blinding us to its psychological costs. Humans naturally need answers and typically find uncertainty emotionally 1 . It’s easy to feel anxiety for the future and see certainty as a lighthouse in a darkening time. But a wave of new scientific discoveries reveals that learning to lean into uncertainty in times of rapid change is a promising 2 to mental distress, not a royal road to anxiety, as many of us assume. A growing body of evidence and a range of new interventions suggest that skillfully managing uncertainty in the face of what’s 3 , new or unexpected is an effective treatment for anxiety. Researchers further observe it is a likely pathway to 4 toughness. Tolerating and even delighting in uncertainty doesn’t merely help us to accept life’s unpredictability; it also 5 us to learn and adapt. Each day, the brain uses 6 mental models about how the world works, which are used to process a shifting environment. When we meet something unexpected, a neural (神经的) “prediction error” signals a 7 between what we assumed would occur and what our senses tell us. Yet our uneasy sense of not knowing stimulates a host of 8 neural changes, including heightened attention, boosted working memory and sensitivity to new information. The brain is preparing to update our 9 of the world. Uncertainty offers the “opportunity for life to go in different directions,” says Stephanie Gorka of Ohio State University’s College of Medicine, “and that is fascinating.” This is why being open to uncertainty is critical for mental well-being. Pioneering work led by Dr. Dugas who 10 the term “intolerance of uncertainty” and Nicholas Carleton shows that being intolerant of uncertainty increases exposure to mental health challenges such as anxiety, eating disorders and depression. By learning to accept uncertainty, we not only enhance our mental power but also pave the way for personal growth and the discovery of new opportunities. （2025·上海松江·二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adapting    B．cast     C． dimension  D．distance    E. evident     F. picture    G. preparatory    H. referring    I. solidified    J. sought    K. tune Audrey Flack — A Photo-realist Representative The photo-realist movement, emerging in the late 1960s and 1970s in the United States and Europe, desired to produce works indistinguishable from high-resolution photographs. Audrey Flack, an American painter and sculptor whose choice of subject matter added a(n) 1 to the movement, was one of the first artists to use a projection of a photograph as an aid to painting. Flack graduated from Yale with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1952 and was influenced by her teacher’s Abstract Expressionist style, 2 in her early work. The next year she studied art history at New York University’s Institute of Fine Arts. During the late 1950s Flack began to 3 herself from this style, which she felt did not communicate effectively or clearly with viewers. She looked to artists such as Spanish Baroque artist Luisa Roldán as models. One representative of her photo-realist paintings was Macarena of Miracles, directly 4 to Roldán’s sculpture Virgen de la Macarena, La Esperanza. During the 1960s, the artist continued to 5 her photographic method and her subject matter. Unlike male photo-realists such as Richard Estes and Chuck Close, who chose subjects that avoided emotional content, Flack 6 to convey a broader meaning through her work. While going on to create works with sociopolitical commentary, she started to 7 everyday items such as handbags and makeup, using them to question their role in shaping female identity. A significant painting from this period, Farb Family Portrait (1969–70), was the result of a new working technique. Starting with a slide of the family portrait (肖像), Flack 8 the photo onto the canvas (画布) and used it as her guide for painting. This method relieved her of having to make 9 drawings. She also developed a method of applying paint in layers with an airbrush. Using those innovations, Flack masterfully created a number of symbolic works. Through these practices, Flack 10 her role as a pioneer who expanded photorealism beyond mere copying, implanting it with layered narratives about identity and societal norms. （2025·上海虹口·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．customarily    B．thoughtfully  C． encoded        D．exhibits    E. folding     F. initiated     G. proceeding        H. reservations  I. routing         J. tailored     K. turning Ancient Books Hold Many Clues At the National Museum of Classic Books in Beijing, players participate in an immersive (沉浸式的) puzzle-solving game as part of the exhibition. This game, Ancient Book Restorer — Hundred Cities Book, allows players to employ guidebooks to investigate ancient texts and search for hidden clues. The game begins by scanning a QR code (二维码) found on the guidebook, 1 players to the game’s WeChat mini-program, where they are given the mission to uncover hidden truths within displayed items. Players complete puzzles using clues 2 in ancient objects and rare books. One of the first puzzles involves a version of Shan Hai Jing (Classic of Mountains and Seas), the earliest known edition from 1180 during the Song Dynasty. Players must understand the geographic distances between mountains in the text and use a specifically 3 paper ruler with relevant information printed on it to find the answer. Feng Wanwen, a player, enjoyed using the ruler to find the clues. She emphasized the importance of understanding the text and correctly 4 the ruler to solve the puzzle. With 83 5 in total, more than 20 provide clues to the game. By reading, analyzing, and using ancient texts and maps, players are 6 through the game. The game encourages players to engage with the displays and 7 examine their educational content. Puzzle enthusiasts can reserve their spot on the museum’s WeChat account. The game offers two versions: a single-player, where players explore the mysterious 8 of Shan Hai Jing’s pages at midnight, and a three-player version, which involves elements of competition and cooperation. Since its launch, the game has become popular among puzzle enthusiasts and traditional culture fans, with 9 often sold out within minutes. The game is part of the “Shanhaishe” IP, a virtual community for ancient book protection 10 by the museum, aiming to connect players with cultural heritage (遗产) and inspire them to protect ancient knowledge. （2025·上海徐汇·二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．piloted         B．precisely    C． barriers     D．fault    E. misjudge F. life-threatening   G. transition   H. priorities    I. tempted  J. posed   K. undeniably Your robot driver is on its way Driving has many downsides: There’s pollution, traffic, finding a place to park. But worst of all are the crashes. In 2023, an estimated 40,990 people were killed in car crashes in the United States. Reducing traffic crashes should be among the nation’s highest 1 . Behind each one lie many human errors. People get behind the wheel when they are drunk or sleepy, and they text or talk on their phones instead of paying attention to the road. Or they simply 2 road conditions. Enormous work has gone into reducing these human errors. But data from Waymo, Alphabet’s self-driving car unit, suggests that a better strategy might be to take the driver out of the picture and let vehicles be 3 by machines that will never get distracted or drunk, or be 4 to break traffic laws because they’re running late. Waymo robotaxis have logged 33 million miles and the company’s figures show that Waymo robotaxi vehicles deliver 5 better safety performance. Compared with cars driven by humans, Waymo vehicles have been involved in 62 percent fewer police-reported crashes and 78 percent fewer crashes that resulted in injury. Timothy B．Lee, author of the Understanding AI newsletter, pointed out the crashes “were mostly low-speed collisions (碰撞)” that 6 no serious safety risk. “A large majority appeared to be the 7 of the other driver,” Lee said. It’s too early to know how much self-driving cars could reduce 8 crashes. But it’s reasonable to hope that Waymo will prove safer than human drivers. Governments at all levels should be rushing to knock down regulatory 9 that stand in the way of faster adoption of driverless cars while also ensuring that the companies meet the highest standards for safety and accountability. In early January, the Autonomous Vehicle Industry Association released a proposed policy framework that aims to speed the 10 . The association also calls for a national safety database to provide a better view of crash incidents involving self-driving cars. （2025·上海静安·二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．commutes       B．incidental      C． boundary      D．cloud    E. contemporary      F. straight    G. fueled        H. facilitate     I. capitalize      J. presence        K. exploit Imagine walking into a bright office tower ten years aga: the hum of desktop computers and the sight of employees chained to their desks for eight 1 hours. The day begins at 9 and ends at 5, and productivity is measured by 2 , not output. Fast forward to today: the office has no assigned desks, and the workspace exists as much on telecommuting tools as it does in the building. Work has evolved, and with it, so has the very definition of where and how we work. Welcome to the age of the workspace — where flexibility, adaptability, and innovation are to redefine what productivity looks like. The rise of digital technologies, coupled with globalization, started to 3 the lines between work and location. Remote communication tools and mobile devices have empowered employees to work from anywhere, challenging the concept that productivity is tied to a specific place. The geographical 4 is fading away. Remote work, once considered an exception, has become a mainstream practice. Remote work, the practice of carrying out professional responsibilities outside the traditional office, has emerged as a game-changer in modern work culture. Greatly 5 by technological advancements, particularly the multiplication of cooperative tools, remote work has transferred from being a mere trend to becoming a vital component of the 6 work style. The rise of remote work lies in several factors. Rapid globalization has made it possible for teams to collaborate closely across time zones and continents. Technological innovations have birthed multiple digital platforms that 7 effective communication and project management from a distance. Organizations are increasingly recognizing the value of offering flexible work arrangements, contributing to the rise of remote work. The advantages of remote work extend to benefit employees as well. The employee experience is not merely 8 . It is fundamental to how organizations shape the productivity and well-being of their teams. Today’s employees prefer the independence and flexibility that remote work affords, allowing for improved work-life balance and the removal of time-consuming 9 . Employers, on the other hand, can 10 on reduced overhead costs and the ability to tap into the global talent pool, making the retaining of specialized talents more feasible than ever before. （2025·上海普陀·二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. advocating    B．alongside    C． committed   D．convincing      E. handle   F. logic   G. motivate   H. organizational   I. primitively    J. sustain   K. visual The Art of Persuasion Persuasion is the art of influencing others’ thoughts, feelings and actions. It’s about 1 people to see things from your perspective, adopt your ideas or take specific actions. When you’re negotiating a business deal, 2 a cause or simply trying to get your point across, persuasion plays a crucial role. Employers place a great value on employees with persuasion skills because they can impact several aspects of job performance. Besides, teamwork and leadership rely heavily on the power of persuasion to get things done. Without persuasion skills, employees may not be as 3 to or convinced of the importance of an organization’s vision and long-term mission. Effective use of persuasion skills will not only help get your coworkers excited about your ideas, it’ll also help you 4 them to achieve a common goal. In order to learn the art of persuasion at the workplace, you need to understand how to 5 conflicts and reach agreements. Good communication is the first step in effective persuasion, but 6 and reasoning are just as important. Before you can get somebody on-board with your goal, you should help them understand why they should pursue it. Using 7 aids to back up your ideas can help illustrate your ideas better. Successful persuasion skills are based on your ability to have positive interactions and maintain meaningful relationships with people. In order to 8 those relationships, you must be able to work in their best interests as well. Your coworkers are more likely to agree with you when they succeed 9 . The more they achieve and the greater progress they make, the more they trust your judgement and strength. We persuade and get persuaded every day. A vast majority of people favour cooperation and teamwork over traditional 10 structures; no one likes to be told what to do or to be pushed around. Therefore, organizations and leaders should adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessary changes. （2025·上海金山·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．changes    B．current     C． delays            D．enclosed    E. identifiable     F. include        G. matching     H. movements        I. occurred    J. overriding        K. works We need a fourth white traffic light to ease traffic jams Engineers propose adding a white traffic light to let self-driving cars ease traffic jams. Studies show this fourth light could help autonomous vehicles (AVs) manage traffic flow and reduce travel time. Normally, the four-light system works like 1 three-light systems—red means stop, green means go. However, when enough self-driving cars approach a crossroads, the white light activates, 2 the standard signals. This tells human drivers that AVs are now directing vehicle 3 via wireless communication. Human drivers must simply follow the car ahead— 4 its stops or movements. A researcher, Dr. Ali, said, “Our ‘white phase’ concept taps into the computing power of AVs themselves. Entitling some of the traffic flow control to AVs 5 in any AV case. But we must 6 the white light concept at crossroads to clarify the situation for humans.” The colour of the ‘white light’ doesn’t matter. What’s important is that there should be a signal that is clearly 7 by drivers. Tests showed that small improvements in traffic flow 8 when as little as 10 per cent of the vehicles at a crossroads were autonomous. Dr Ali said, “For example, when 10 per cent of vehicles are autonomous, you see 9 reduced by 3 per cent. When 30 per cent are autonomous, they are reduced by 10.7 per cent.” While AVs aren’t ready for immediate use, researchers say it would require only minor 10 to crossroads and AV software updates. Critics warn that relying on humans to follow the “leader” rule poses risks, but the team believes this balances innovation with clear communication during the transition to AVs. （2025·上海黄浦·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．enthusiasts   B．free-spirited   C． fresh   D．incredibly   E. invisible   F. memory G. mutually   H. on-location   I. ordinary   J. popularized   K. transformed Urban Sketching Retreats (城市写生静修) are Taking Off Many travellers take pictures during their trips, but others find that slowing down to illustrate a place helps them appreciate it in a more meaningful way. Back in the 1800s, French artists like Eugène Louis Boudin and Claude Monet packed their paint brushes and set off to capture the natural landscape — and in the process, they 1 art as people knew it. While painting outdoors on the spot has been around for roughly 200 years, the “en plein air” (open-air) art movement 2 by Boudin and Monet has recently inspired a newer trend: urban sketching. This casual, 3 approach to en plein air art is often accompanied by text to tell the story of the artist’s surroundings when they travel. “Sketching on the go at different places around the globe opens your eyes to everything from the obvious to the 4 . A sketch captures a(n) 5 of people and places in a way that a photograph never can,” says Annette Morris, education director at Urban Sketchers, a global community that organises urban sketching walks for painting 6 . Alex Hillkurtz, an urban sketcher, believes drawing or painting 7 helps travellers slow down and experience a place in a different way. “While travelling, there’s a tendency to rush through wish-list experiences. Urban sketching retreats allow us to step out of the busy and noisy activities by creating something by hand,” he explains. “As we draw, we notice the beauty in the 8 : the way sunlight warms a scene, the comings and goings of locals in a market and the colours reflected in the water fountain.” “As an art instructor, it’s wonderful to see how each participant brings a(n) 9 perspective to what’s in front of them,” says Alicia Aradilla, who now leads urban sketching retreats. “Every sketchbook ends up being different; I find that 10 appealing about sketching trips.” （2025·上海长宁·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．artificially    B．bound     C．causally     D．conservationists         E.considerable F.definitive    G.dominate    H.grounds     I.linked     J.stabilized    K.stuff Eat away fire The African continent has a wide variety of habitat types, but savanna (热带稀树草原) ecosystems cover roughly half. And where there is savanna, there is fire. “It’s an important part of the ecology of the system,” says University of Liverpool ecologist James R. Probert. Burning allows grasses to 1 by keeping taller bushes from spreading on the landscape. Loss of grasses could push out species such as wildebeest (牛羚). A decade ago, researchers believed that the decline in fires in Tanzania’s Serengeti National Park was due to the recovery of wildebeest populations after a certain disease. When millions of wildebeest 2 themselves with grass, they remove fuel from the landscape, making fires less frequent and less severe. However, Probert and his coworkers found that even after wildebeest populations 3 in the mid-1990s, fires continued to decrease in the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem. Their analysis of satellite data revealed a(n) 4 40 percent decline in wildfires between 2001 and 2014—coinciding with dramatic increases in farm animals in the area. “If you have lots of grass-eating animals, then you have less fire. That’s well known,” Probert says. “But I don’t think anybody had realized the extent of the decline in fire and 5 it to farm animals before.” John Fryxell, a biologist at the University of Guelph, calls this pattern “really interesting.” He warns that 15 years of data is still a small sample for 6 conclusions. “This suggests there’s something interesting here that could provide the 7 for a deeper experimental analysis,” he adds. Future research could include 8 controlling fire frequency or animal populations in certain areas. It can be followed by monitoring the landscape’s response over time. Probert notes that some areas face a problem where farm animals use up more resources than the land can sustain. He suggests that 9 work with sheep or cattle farmers. They can develop an alternating feeding plan, spreading the animals’ impact over time and space. Studies like Probert’s reveal how wild places like the Serengeti-Mara are 10 connected to human activities. Their findings stress the urgency for sustainable practices to preserve wildlife and ecosystems. （2025·上海宝山·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．community   B．reveal   C． originally    D．marketing   E. eventually   F. electronic   G. added        H. strike    I. dressing     J. statistic      K. material Despite its name, there’s nothing little about Xiaohongshu. Every day, millions of people swipe (滑动) its 1 pages. The app has a huge goal. Its website states: “Our mission is inspiring lives to share and discover the wonders of the world.” These “wonders” were 2 luxury brands, and the users who shared their discoveries were mostly women from China’s major cities. Xiaohongshu was created in 2013 as a shopping platform. Beauty and fashion have always been its most popular topics, but new categories keep getting 3 . Now companies everywhere are paying attention to this vast 4 of consumers. Xiaohongshu combines lifestyle tips with business. “KeyOpinion Consumers” demonstrate products and strike a note of friendship. As users make comments, connections grow among like-minded people. Brands build 5 strategies around the latest trends. For example, millions of Xiaohongshu users have posted about “dopamine 6 .” Search “dopamine” in the app, and you’ll find endless products, including furniture and dog clothing! Brands hope that you, and a few million others, will buy their products. Xiaohongsnu offers more than 7 goods. Its mission to “inspire lives” also happens when people promote learning and creativity. Users can connect with experts and enthusiasts in many fields. A talented pianist can show you how to practice scales. A skilled painter could demonstrate how to mix colors. A dancer might post a video of dance moves that you can copy step by step. And a popular vlogger (博主) may 8 her daily routine, complete with relaxing music. You could spend hours scrolling (滚动) through this not-so-little book. But try to fill your time—and mind—wisely. Why not use Xiaohongshu to learn more English? After all, one of the greatest “wonders of the world” is human language. On this app, you can look for teachers who speak clearly, offer natural conversations and communicate sincere friendship. Remember that even in the huge world of social media, you were made to be more than a consumer 9 . You were made to be known and understood. Learning to 10 up a good conversation could be your mission on Xiaohongshu! （2025·上海奉贤·二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．visually B．interacts C． essential D．minute E. composition F. perspective G. accuracy H. dominates I. expansive J. survives K. occasionally Masterpiece: One Thousand Liof Rivers and Mountains Wang Ximeng (1096-1119) was a famous but short-lived painter. Tragically, only one of his works 1 One Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains, which is cherished as a rare and precious masterpiece in the art world. This masterpiece measures 51.5 cm high by11.92 m long, created in simple black ink and ground pigment (颜料) on a long silk scroll. Despite its material simplicity, the painting’s 2 is remarkably complex. It unfolds like a panoramic (全景式的) story of a Southern Chinese landscape, presented with a(n) 3 that hints at Wang’s deep roots in the region. The landscape is divided into six mountain sections separated by water, 4 linked by bridges. Houses, trees, and figures dot the mountains, shown from various viewpoints. This shifting 5 enables viewers, as they unroll the scroll from right to left, to experience a continuous, immersive narrative of daily activities. It creates a dynamic visual flow, much like watching scenery pass by through a train window. The painting’s perfection is enhanced by its 6 striking blue-green landscape, or qinglü shanshui, a technique that flourished during the Northen Song Dynasty. Brilliant blue 7 the mountains’ peaks, bold green covers the mountains’ valleys, and pale brown implies the mountains’ bases. This radiant arrangement emphasizes color over line, skillfully using light, shade, and texture to create depth and atmosphere. This painting 8 with the viewer in a way rarely found in Western paintings. Due to its vast scale but 9 details, it requires multiple viewings at different distances. The first viewing is at a far distance to observe its sweeping grandeur. The second viewing is at a close distance to observe its refined features. The third viewing is at a mid-distance to observe its overall impact. This layered viewing experience deepens the engagement with the artwork, making the paintings feel completely alive. It offers a profound and subtle exploration of the visible world through its 10 — size, rich colors, and expressive details, emitting qi or energy that enlivens the viewer. Ultimately, this masterpiece invites viewers to immerse themselves in its beauty, discovering new horizons with each encounter. （2025·上海青浦·二模）Directions:  Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.  Each word can be used only once.  Note that there is one word more than you need. A．controlling    B．practically      C． sort         D．litter    E. claimed      F. diet           G. inefficient     H. revolutionary   I. commercial    J. reborn   K. theoretically A New Way to Break Down “Unrecyclable” Plastic Waste The world is miserable at recycling plastics. Currently, just 10-15% of the plastic waste we generate annually is recycled — with the rest burned, buried in landfill or dumped as 1 . A big part of the problem is that much of the waste is a pile of different dirty plastics mixed with food, inks and labels. It’s expensive to clean and 2 this mess into streams of single-polymer plastic — the kind that is generally needed for conventional “mechanical” recycling, in which plastic is cut, melted and re-formed into small balls, ready for new products. That explains the excitement around a chemical plant that will start 3 operations this year in northeast England. It can, 4 , take any kind of plastic waste, including mixed plastics considered “unrecyclable”, and break it down into chemicals that are similar to those extracted from oil. With further processing, these chemicals can be turned back into fresh plastic. If successful, it could be a powerful example of a circular manufacturing process — in which plastic is used and reprocessed over and over again — potentially 5 the world’s dependence on fossil resources to make original plastics. The facility uses a variation on a concept called chemical recycling, which breaks plastics apart into smaller chemical building blocks. Its main competitor in this approach is pyrolysis: heating plastics to temperatures above 450 °C in a reactor without oxygen. But pyrolysis is energy-intensive and 6 , with much of the plastic being turned into something useless. Mura Technology, the London-based company behind the facility, says it is the first commercial-scale plant in the world to recycle plastic in this way. Mura has also declared the technology to be “ 7 ” because it “has the potential to help eliminate plastic waste, recycling all types of plastic to create a true circular economy”.   In practice, as Mura explains, the plant is currently picky about its 8 of plastic waste. And because, as with pyrolysis plants, not all of the facility’s products will be 9 as plastic, some critics say that the process shouldn’t count as recycling — an accusation that Mura rejects. These practicalities raise questions about the future of plastics pollution and whether chemical recycling can live up to its promised potential. The idea is not useless — but the real-life complications around the process make it less groundbreaking than 10 . （2025·上海杨浦·二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．preserving    B．focus    C．ultimately    D．determined    E．typically F．demanding    G．general    H．exclusionary    I．power    J．engaged    K．changed Hundreds of Birds to be Renamed The American Ornithological (鸟类的) Society (AOS) has announced that it will rename all birds that are named after people. The change is being made to ensure that names of people who 1 in discrimination are not attached to the birds. The AOS, based in Chicago, has maintained a list of English-language names for birds in North America since 1886. In 2020, a petition (请愿书) 2 a change to bird names that were considered harmful was signed by 182 people and submitted to the AOS. A committee 3 that all birds named after people should get new names. “There is 4 in a name,” said Colleen Handel, the president of AOS. “Some English bird names have associations with the past that continue to be 5 .” The new names, she said, would 6 on “the unique feature of the birds themselves.” The AOS will begin coming up with new common names for the birds early November, focusing on 70 to 80 species in the US and Canada. The scientific names of the species, written in Latin, will not be 7 . The names of birds in Latin America will be considered next. And 8 , the AOS plans to change the names of 263 birds. Some birds have already gotten a new name. In 2020, the AOS renamed a songbird that had been named after a(n) 9 in the US Civil War (1861-1865) who had been part of the Confederacy, the group of states that was committed to 10 slavery. The songbird’s new name is the thick-billed longspur. Christian Cooper, a Black bird enthusiast, told The New York Times, “There’s no reason to have a person’s name attached to a bird because it doesn’t tell you anything about the bird.” 难度分布 较易 适中 较难 6.25 68.75 25 试卷第16页，共16页 试卷第15页，共16页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$