英语（含PDF，可直接打印）- 2025年高考考前最后一课

这是英语课听力部分，该部分分为第一第二两节。注意回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到答题卡上。现在是听力试音时间。Hello, international friends club, can I help you? Oh, hello. I read about your club in the paper today, and I thought i'd phone to find out a bit more. Yes, certainly. Well, we're sort of a social club for people from different countries. It's quite a new club. We have about fifty members at the moment, but we're growing all the time. That sounds interesting. I'm british actually, and I came to washington about three months ago. I'm looking for ways to meet people. Ah what kinds of events do you organize? Well, we have social git togethers and sports events, and we also have language evenings. Can you tell me something about the language evenings? Yes, every day, except thursday, we have a language evening. People can calm and practice their languages, you know, over a drink or something. We have different languages on different evenings. Monday spanish, tuesday italian, wednesday german and friday french. On thursday, we usually have a meal in a restaurant for anyone who wants to come. Well, that sounds great. I really need to practice my french. okay? Well, if you can just give me your name and address, i'll sending the four minutes of more information. If you join now, you can have the . first month free试音到此结束。听力考试正式开始。请看听力部分第一节，第一节听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的ABC3个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。例如，现在你有5秒钟的时间看试卷上的例题。你将听到以下内容。Excuse me, can you tell me how much the shirt is? Yes, it's nine fifteen. 你将有5秒钟的时间将正确答案标在试卷上。衬衫的价格为九磅15便士，所以你选择C项并将其标在试卷上。现在你有5秒钟的时间阅读第一小题的有关内容。Thanks for the wonderful meal, mom. I think i'd Better go back to my office. I've got a report to write. okay, by look, drive with care. Jilin party are very close. They seem to get on very well with each other. Yes, they entered our company the same year and are now working on the same marketing project. Bob, i'm going to mell bourne e with lisa tomorrow. great. Are you going by train? I can drive you to the station. No, thanks. We decided to fly. You ask Stellar to come around six thirty, didn't you? No, I asked her to come over at seven. They give you more time to prepare the food. Okay, it's ten to seven. Sh'll be here any minute. Hey, Susan, it's so good to see you again. Did you come back to visit your family? Yes and no. In fact, i've quit my job in planning to stay and start my own restaurant business here. 第一节到此结束，第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的ABC3个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第六和第7两个小题。现在你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。Here's a package. I wonder what this is. Who is IT from uncle Jason? Aren't mary? Let me see. It's from granny buddy. Oh, she's always so generous. Remember the table lamps he sent us last year and . the dinner plates looks, Steve, this is just even wanting a beautiful place. fantastic. It'll be perfect on the coffee table in the . living room. Yes, perfect. Here's the package. I wonder . what this is. Who is IT from uncle Jason? Aren't mary? Let me see. It's from granny buddy. Oh, she's always so generous. Remember the table lamp SHE sent us last year and the dinner . plates looks, Steve, this is just what we've been wanting. A beautiful vase. fantastic. It'll be perfect on the coffee table in the . living room. Yes, perfect. 听下面一段对话，回答第八和第9两个小题。现在你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。Kate, what are you writing . a lettres to my sister? Why not send an email to her? It's faster. Well, I love email for the convenience, but I tend to write letters for pleasure, especially for holiday greeting. You're right, I prefer hand written birthday . cards too, and I love getting letters too. Hearing a letter drop through the mailbox is much more exciting than getting an email, even though is usually a bill or advertisement in my case. Oh, that reminds me, I haven't checked my mailbox for ages. Kate, what are you writing . a letters to my sister? Why not send an email to her? It's faster. Well, I love email for the convenience, but I tend to write letters for pleasure, especially for holiday greetings. You're right, I prefer hand written birthday . cards too. And I love getting letters too, hearing a letter drop through the mailbox is much more exciting than getting an email, even though it's usually a bill or advertisement in my case. Oh, that reminds me, I haven't checked my mailbox for ages. 听下面一段对话，回答第十至第十二三个小题。现在你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。Dear listeners, I have with me today, rabbit gents of the international dark sky association. Robert, welcome to our program. Thank you. I'm glad to be here. Would you please tell our listener ers why you became an astronomer . when I was a little boy? I loved the night sky. I remember I looked up at the stars in the sky and ask, how many are there? How far away are they? Can we visit them? I became an astronomer because I was amazed by their beauty. But now in most big cities, kids can't see the stars like I did. So have you already come up with a solution to this problem? Yeah, actually, there is a method that is inexpensive and has a media benefit. If we shine lights down at the ground instead of up into the sky and use lower brightness levels, we can preserve the beauty of the night sky. Dear listeners, I have with me today robbert gents of the international dark sky association. Robert, welcome to our program. Thank you. I'm glad to be here. Would you please tell our listeners why you became an astronomer . when I was a little boy? I loved the night sky. I remember I looked up at the stars in the sky and ask, how many are there? How far away are they? Can we visit them? I became an astronomer because I was amazed, ed, by their beauty. But now in most big cities, kids can't see the stars like I did. So have you already come up with a solution to this problem? Yeah, actually, there is a method that is inexpensive and has immediate benefits. If we shine lights down at the ground instead of up into the sky and use lower brightness levels, we can preserve the beauty of the night sky. 听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16 4个小题。现在你有20秒钟的时间阅读这四个小题。Elena, who had a great influence on your career. I would say it's my father. He began to run soccer schools when I was a teenager, so I played soccer with my brother and his friends. But her life in the game was not my plan. So after graduation, I took a job writing technical instructions. IT was my first job. What was that like? IT paid well, but was not very interesting. So when offered a coaching role, I seized IT. Did you have to overcome many chAllenges to get where you are today? Well, where to start? I enjoyed a successful college life. Then I progressed through the college system to become an assistant coach to the national team. I've encountered a lot of chAllenges through the upson downs of being a coach. It's particularly hard to face the doubts after losing games. What achievement are you most proud of? I'm most proud of helping my team to win all the last seven matches in italy and brazil. What are you planning to do next? I'll have gone another chAllenge, possibly coaching in england. Elena, who had a great influence on your career. I would say it's my father. He began to run soccer of schools when I was a teenager, so I played soccer with my brother and his friends. But her life in the game was not my plan. So after graduation, I took a job writing technical instructions. IT was my first job. What was that like? IT paid well, but was not very interesting. So when offered a coaching role, I seized IT. Did you have to overcome many chAllenges to get where you are today? Well, where to start. I enjoyed a successful college life. Then I progressed through the college system to become an assistant coach to the national team. I've encountered a lot of chAllenges through the upson downs of being a coach. It's particularly hard to face the doubts after losing games. what achievement are you most proud of? I'm most proud of helping my team to win all the last seven matches in italy and brazil. What are you planning to do next? I'll have gone another chAllenge, possibly coaching in england. 听下面一段独白，回答第17至第24个小题。现在你有20秒钟的时间阅读这四个小题。Good morning, everyone. I'm Monica from canada in altitude english writing this term. Before we start, i'd like to take a few minutes to let you know something about me. When I was small, I enjoyed spending my summers reading storybooks instead of playing baseball or taking dance lessons. After I went to school, I took reading time seriously. Once I tied one end of a string around a book and the other end around my waste climb, ed a tree and SAT in the branches, reading until dinner time. In college, I thought I might major in journalism or history, but when I took my first literature class, I was deeply attracted to IT the calling to be an english major within my heart. And I couldn't imagine spending my study hours without shakespeare, chaser or Lewis by my side. I learned the art of making connections between literature and life and developed a love for writing. After graduation, I taught english in a primary school in canada for five years. Then I went to australia and worked as a book editor. Three years ago, I came to china. I've been teaching english in middle schools. I love my job, and i'm thinkable for the gift of words for the life, connection, beauty and learning that come from language. Good morning, everyone. I'm monika from canada in altitude english writing this term. Before we start, i'd like to take a few minutes to let you know something about me. When I was small, I enjoyed spending my summers reading storybooks instead of playing baseball or taking dance lessons. After I went to school, I took reading time seriously. Once I tied one end of a string around a book and the other end around my waste climb, ed a tree and SAT in the branches, reading until dinner time. In college, I thought I might major in journalism or history, but when I took my first literature class, I was deeply attracted to IT. The calling to be an english major was in my heart, and I couldn't imagine spending my study hours without shakespeare roster or Lewis. By my side. I learned the art of making connections between literature and life and developed a love for writing. After graduation, I taught english in a primary school in canada for five years. Then I went to australia and worked as a book editor. Three years ago, I came to china. I've been teaching english in midday schools. I love my job, and i'm thinkable for the gift of words for the life, connection, beauty and learning that come from language. 第二节到此结束，现在你有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。祝大家新年快乐，高考一切顺利。听力部分到此结束。 - 1 - 以青春之名，赴梦想之约以青春之名，赴梦想之约 ——致即将奔赴考场的你 亲爱的同学们： 当凤凰花开满枝头，当蝉鸣唤醒盛夏，你们将执笔为剑，在考场上书写青春的答卷。这三 年，你们见过彼此晨光熹微时的早读身影，听过自己深夜笔尖划过纸页的沙响；既有过“直挂云 帆济沧海”的意气风发，也曾因“路漫漫其修远兮”而彷徨。但请记住，每一滴汗水都是成长的印 记，每一次跌倒都是为腾飞蓄力。 以信念为帆，破浪前行 高考是人生的第一个重要渡口，它检验的不仅是知识，更是意志。那些挑灯夜战的夜晚、 反复演算的习题，终将凝聚成“天道酬勤”的力量。无论结果如何，只要拥有梦想并为之奋斗，你 们已是自己的英雄。请带着“舍我其谁”的气魄踏入考场，因为“自信是成功的基石，沉着是飞翔 的翅膀”。 以坚韧为刃，披荆斩棘 学习之路从无捷径，或许你们曾因一次失利而怀疑自己，但请明白：“只有经历地狱般的磨 练，才能炼出创造天堂的力量。” 就像梅花经苦寒而芬芳，宝剑因磨砺而锋利。此刻，你们只需 凝神静气，将三年积淀化作笔下星河——“静下来，铸我实力；拼上去，亮我风采！” 以初心为灯，照亮未来 高考不是终点，而是新篇章的起点。这个世界从不会辜负认真耕耘的人，在你的笔下有一 个色彩绚丽的世界，而未来定会还你另一幅灿烂图景。愿你们像雄鹰搏击长空，如猛虎声振山 谷，在考场上“以平常心面对挑战，以非凡心成就自我”。 殷殷的嘱托 亲爱的同学们，“长风破浪会有时”是你们的信念，“不达目的誓不罢休”是你们的誓言。愿你 们“从容不迫，潇洒凯旋”；愿你们“金榜题名时，言笑亦晏晏”；更愿你们永远记得——这场考试 的意义，在于让你们发现：“生命中最快乐的，是拼搏而非成功；最痛苦的，是惰性而非失败。” 希望学科网《最后一课》系列，能助你在高考的考场上擘画自己的明天！相信你们终将“一 举成名天下知”，让青春的光芒照亮未来的每一步！ 学科网总经理 陈学艺 2025 年 4 月 20 日于北京 - 2 - 目录 高考祝福篇 致 即 将 奔 赴 考 场 的 你 … … … … … … … … 1 技能方法篇 【技能 1】阅读理解 18 条满分攻略………1 【技能 2】七选五 20 条满分攻略…………22 【技能 3】完形填空 20 条满分攻略………37 【技能 4】语法填空 25 条满分攻略………48 【技能 5】应用文写作 12 个吸睛句式…75 【技能 6】应用文首尾段句式仿写 30 例…77 【技能 7】读后续写精彩开头仿写 30 例…80 【技能 8】读后续写情感心理描写 60 句…86 【技能 9】读后续写五类主题升华 20 句…89 【技能 10】听力满分攻略及场景词汇……91 易错梳理篇 【易错 1】十年高考已考词形转换 92 例…108 【易错 2】可能考名词词形转换 130 例…110 【易错 3】可能考形容词词形转换 90 例…114 【易错 4】可能考阅读理解障碍词 203 例… 1 1 6 【易错 5】高考完形填空熟词生义 170 例… 121 【易错 6】2024 课标 I 卷熟词生义 35 例…128 【易错 7】2023 课标 I 卷熟词生义 33 例…130 【易错 8】2024 新课标 I 卷词汇 288 例…… 1 3 3 【易错 9】2024 新课标 II 卷词汇 239 例…142 【易错 10】高考真题派生合成词 128 例…149 认知心态篇 冲刺阶段英语怎么复习备考更高效……157 高考冲刺阶段心态调整最佳策略………158 考场提醒篇 2025 高考英语规范答题七大提醒………160 清北生青睐的考场十大答题技巧………161 终极压题篇 热点事件一让科技进步惠及全人类……162 热点人物一杰出人物闪耀人性光辉……169 热点话题一迎接人工智能发展机遇……174 2025 年高考语法填空热点话题预测……180 2025 年高考应用文写作热点话题预测…188 2025 年高考阅读理解高频考点押题……193 2025 年英语新课标卷终极押题卷………208 2025 年高考英语押题预测卷链接 ……..225 - 1 - 【考试技能篇 1】阅读理解 18 条满分攻略 【研高考·辨考向】 年份 卷名 体裁 题目类型 细节 理解题 推断 判断题 主旨 大意题 词句 猜测题 2024 新高考 全国卷Ⅰ 应用文；记叙文； 议论文；说明文 9 4 1 1 新高考 全国卷Ⅱ 应用文；记叙文； 说明文；书评 7 6 1 1 2023 新高考 全国卷Ⅰ 应用文；记叙文； 说明文；议论文 6 7 1 1 新高考 全国卷Ⅱ 应用文；记叙文； 说明文；说明文 8 5 1 1 2022 新高考 全国卷Ⅰ 应用文；议论文； 新闻报道；说明文 6 7 1 1 新高考 全国卷Ⅱ 应用文；记叙文； 说明文；说明文 8 4 1 2 【抓规律·找依据】 - 2 - 第一部分 细节理解题--定位信息找答案 [题型分析] 细节理解题考查理解具体信息，在阅读总题量中占比较大，是最重要的得分点。细节理解题的命题方 法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查，也可能是将文章中的几个细节放在一起要求学 生判断是非或对几个细节进行排序等。主要考查直接细节题、间接细节题、数字计算题等。考查方式灵活， 常见的设问形式有： 1．特殊疑问句形式，常以 when、where、what、which、who、how等疑问词开头引出问题； 2．填空题形式，通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节； 3．数字询问，就文中的数字进行提问。 [选项特征] 1．正确选项特征 同义替换 与原文关键信息相同含义的不同表达 信息归纳 对分散或复杂的信息进行概括或比较 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达 原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项 2.干扰选项特征 张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容 无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容 曲解文意 极其相似但是细节处与原文有出入 颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭或者完全相反 正误参半 部分正确，部分错误 [思维导图] - 3 - 阅读理解满分攻略 1--直接细节题 直接细节题主要针对文中涉及的某个具体事物、人物、时间、地点、原因、结果等提问。直接信息题常 设置在应用文中,涉及的话题有广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以 “6W1H”(what, who, when, where, why, which和 how)等开头的特殊疑问句。 (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读 A片段) AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. 22．What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A．5. B．10. C．15. D．18. [解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词 the lower age limit。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文中的“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.”，可知加入生物栖息地修复 工作队的最低年龄是 10岁。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案] B 技法点拨： 阅读理解满分攻略 2--间接细节题 间接细节题是直接信息的转述、原文信息的间接表达、直接信息背后隐含内容的表达。相比直接信息 题命题,间接信息题的隐蔽性、迷惑性更强,正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。解答间接信息题时要 做到“两关注”“一防范”。“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征:一是同义词替换或释义,即把文中的语言(词 汇和结构)改头换面,来表达相同的意思;二是对文章信息的归纳。“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的逼真性,稍有 不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。 (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读 A片段) We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. 23．What are the volunteers expected to do? A．Bring their own tools. B．Work even in bad weather. - 4 - C．Wear a team uniform. D．Do at least three projects. [解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词 are the volunteers expected to do。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文中的“We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.”通过语义转换可知，志愿者甚至会在恶劣天气下工作。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案] B 技法点拨： 阅读理解满分攻略 3--数字计算题 数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价格、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说计算量都比较小,容易 计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理 解,从这个角度上讲,理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题的话题有广告类、故事类、科普 知识类、史地自然类、文化教育类。设问方式为以 when, in which year, how many/much等疑问词(组)开头的 疑问句。此类试题要求考生对具体细节信息，尤其是对相关的时间、数量等数字和信息进行分析和理解， 利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，但此类试题重点不在于计算，而在于考查考生对具体细节信息 的处理能力，因此考生在解题时必须找出计算背后所隐含的信息。 (2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读 A片段)Prices Hand Brake，Three Gears Foot Brake，No Gears 1 hour 7.50 5.00 3 hours 11.00 7.50 1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75 Each additionalday 8.00 6.00 22.How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days？ A． 15.75. B． 19.50.C． 22.75. D． 29.50. [解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词 a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days。 第二步：根据关键词定位到原文定价表第二列最后两行，由表格可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天 需要 14.75欧元，每加一天需要 8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要 14.75＋8＝22.75欧元。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案] C - 5 - 技法点拨： 阅读理解满分攻略 4--概括信息题 概括信息题要求学生通过思维分析对原文中比较分散或复杂的信息进行归纳概括。为了增加细节信息 试题的难度,命题人有时也会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题,一个细节理解题涉及一段内的多个信息点或 者多段的具体内容,需要考生进行概括和归纳后才能回答。 (2023全国乙卷,A) PRACTITIONERS Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. James Barry (c.1789-1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. Tan Yunxian (1461-1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in - 6 - 21. What did Jacqueline and James have in common? A. Doing teaching jobs. B. Being hired as physicians. C. Performing surgery. D. Being banned from medicine. [解析] 第一步 锁定题干关键词: Jacqueline and James 第二步 查找定位到原文: 根据题干信息锁定到文本相应的方框内容。通过文章 Jacqueline Felice de Almania 部分中的“Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.”以及 James Barry部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”和“Barry retired in 1859,having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.”可知,Jacqueline和 James的共同点是都有资格进行外 科手术。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案] C 第二部分 推理判断题---依文推理定选项 [题型分析] 推理判断题考查考生推理和判断的能力，以及深层次的阅读理解能力。主要考查隐含推断题、观点态度题、 写作意图题、文章出处题、文章类型题、读者对象题等。在进行推断时，要透过字里行间，去体会作者的 “弦外之音”，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文、主观臆断。 [选项特征] 1．正确选项特征 (1)“立足原文，只推一步”：根据原文内容简单推理，一步即可推得。 (2)选项中一般不出现绝对概念，如 only、never、all、absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用 能够留有一些余地的词汇，如 often、usually、sometimes、some、may、might、can、could、probably等。 grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships ( 学 徒 期 ) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. - 7 - 2．干扰选项特征 张冠李戴 把作者的观点与其他人的观点混在一起 无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容 曲解文意 利用原文内容借题发挥，曲解原文意思；符合常识，但不符合文意 扩缩范围 通过改变或去掉文章中的限制性词语，改变信息的准确度造成干扰 偷梁换柱 使用与文章中某一句相似的结构和单词，更换单词造成句意的改变 [思维导图] 阅读理解满分攻略 5--隐含推断题 隐含推断题主要考查考生对特定信息、全篇、全段或上下文逻辑关系的判断，结合相关信息的暗示，准确 理解文章寓意或隐含的深层意义的能力。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer (推断)、indicate (象征；暗示)、 imply (暗示)、suggest (暗示)、conclude (得出结论)、assume (假定；设想)。 (2024·新高考全国卷 Ⅰ阅读 C 片段 )Audio (音频 ) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 31．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. [解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词 imply和 the last paragraph。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文中的“when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces”以及“However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.”。综合逻 辑分析可推断出作者在强调纸质文本在教育中不能完全被取代。 - 8 - 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案] C 技法点拨： 阅读理解满分攻略 6--观点态度题 此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的观点、态度或看法或推断文中人物的语气、 性格等。观点和态度一般分为三大类：①支持、赞同、乐观；②客观、中立、公正；③反对、批评、怀疑、 悲观。在推断过程中，考生应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。 (2024·全国甲卷阅读 C片段)Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train's equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke.“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.” 31．What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services? A．Appreciative. B．Doubtful. C．Ambiguous. D．Cautious. [解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词 Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文中的“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned”以及“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”。根据段中杜克所说的话中的“very impressed”“staying focused and very concerned”和“the best chance”等可知，他对该列车的服务持赞赏的态度。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案] A 技法点拨： - 9 - 阅读理解满分攻略 7--写作意图题 各种话题的阅读材料都有可能考查写作意图题。通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是 通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结 和分析的能力。 (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读D片段)Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码 )that powers AI... As we soon come to learn from AI by Design，... AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 35．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To recommend a book on AI. B．To give a brief account of AI history. C．To clarify the definition of AI. D．To honor an outstanding AI expert. [解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词 the author's purpose in writing the text。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文最后一段：AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.。本文是一篇说明文，结合首段和尾段可知，文章主要给读者推荐了卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔的一本关于 人工智能的书。 - 10 - 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案] A 技法点拨： 阅读理解满分攻略 8--文章出处题、文章类型题、读者对象题 文章出处题、文章类型题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或 类型。读者对象题要求考生根据文章内容和措辞推断文章的读者对象。 (2023·新高考全国卷 Ⅱ阅读 C 片段 )ReadingArt: ArtforBookLovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists' representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books，” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描 绘 ) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. 28．Where is the text most probably taken from? - 11 - A．An introduction to a book. B．An essay on the art of writing. C．A guidebook to a museum. D．A review of modern paintings. [解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Where和 taken from。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第一段第一句：“ReadingArt: ArtforBookLovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”和第二段 第一句。根据以上信息可推知，文章介绍了一本书，最有可能出自一本书的序言。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案] A 技法点拨： 阅读理解满分攻略 9--文章出处题、文章类型题、读者对象题 考生在阅读全文基础上，“预测下段”类试题应注意以下两点策略： 1. 从最后一段入手。 有时候，作者在最后一段提到一个话题，但是没有充分说明，因此需要在下一段就此问题深入分析、论述 或讨论。所以考生学会依据最后一段甚至最后一句话进行推断也不失为明智选择。 - 12 - 2. 从第一段入手。 实用类说明文往往采用“总分”或者“总分总”结构，即第一段总体概况说明，然后分段阐述。因此只要 考生把握好第一段即主题段内容，顺藤摸瓜，即可推断下段内容应该是主题段中尚未提及的内容。 (2023 全国乙卷,C)What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 31. What might the author continue talking about? A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes. C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters. [解析] 第一步 锁定题干关键词:might, continue talking about 第二步 浏览全文,了解大意:根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不 酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案] B - 13 - 第三部分 主旨大意题——辨主干细加工 [题型分析] 主旨大意题旨在考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力，是阅读理解中的高难度题。 概括全文大意最简单的方法就是把每段的大意串起来考虑。该类题主要考查标题归纳题、文章大意题和段 落大意题。常见的设问方式有： 1．The best title of the passage is_____________． 2．Which of the following is the best title for the text? 3．The passage is mainly about _____________． 4．What is the passage mainly about? 5．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? 6．What is the first/second/...paragraph mainly about? [选项特征] 1．正确选项特征 涵盖性强 覆盖全文或全段主要内容。常含有抽象名词或概括性词语，一般不出现细节信息 精确性强 所使用的概括性语言不会改变意思表达的程度及色彩。不含过分肯定或绝对意义词 范围恰当 范围既不太大，也不太小 2.干扰选项特征 以偏概全 概括的范围过于狭窄，只阐述了文章的部分内容、局部信息或文章主题的某一个方面 断章取义 以文章中个别信息作为选项的内容，或者以次要的事实或细节替代全文的主要观点 移花接木 命题者有意把属于 A的特征放在 B上 主题扩大 归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容 似是而非 题目中的关键词好像在文章中提到了，但认真分析后发现它与文章的内容毫无联系 阅读理解满分攻略 10--标题归纳题 该类题目要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给的选项中选出适合文章的标 题。注意标题的特点：精准性、概括性和新颖性。 (2024·全国甲卷阅读 B)Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and - 14 - soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 27．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Tips on Finding a Smart CatB．Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C．Have Fun with Your CatD．How to Keep Your Cat Healthy [解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词 a suitable title for the text。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第一段的主题句“But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills.”，可知该段介绍了猫的惊人的发声技能；定位到原文第二段的主题句“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive.”，可知该段介绍了猫的嗅觉敏锐，能够区分不同 的环境；定位到原文第三段的主题句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch.”，可知该段介绍了猫的令人印象深刻的取物习惯。采用主题句法，这些都属于对猫的行 为的介绍。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案] B 技法点拨： - 15 - 阅读理解满分攻略 11--文章大意题 文章大意题是考查考生深层理解文章以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每一段都 是围绕某一主题展开的，把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。 (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读 C)We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排 放 ) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment， ” said a BMF employee. 31．What does the text mainly talk about? - 16 - A．BMF's major strengths. B．BMF's general management. C．BMF's global influence. D．BMF's technical standards. [解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词 the text mainly talk about。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第一段第三句、第二段第一、二句、第三段第一句、第四段第一句以及 第五段第一句可知，借助段落主题句归纳，文章从各个方面凸显了巴比伦微农场公司的优势，如缩短食物 运输距离、节约用水、无农药使用、减少碳排放等。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案] A 技法点拨： 阅读理解满分攻略 12--段落大意题 段落大意题主要考查考生用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来的能力。 考生在做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因 为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。 (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读 B 片段)Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports - 17 - that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. 26．What does this paragraph mainly talk about? A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B．The complexity of veterinarians' work. C．Examples of rare animal diseases. D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine. [解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词 this paragraph mainly talk about。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文可知，本段没有主题句，本段主要介绍了两个动物经过法伯的治疗后， 病情有所好转。由此可知，本段主要介绍了法伯的整体医学疗法所取得的效果。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案] D 技法点拨： 第四部分 词句猜测题——上下语境觅答案 [题型分析] 词句猜测题是高考阅读理解的常考题型，这类题型针对语篇中一些关键性的单词、短语或句子进行设 问，要求考生猜测其含义。这些需要猜测的单词、短语或句子往往与上下文有紧密的逻辑关系，文章中往 往会提供和这些词句相关的定义解释、提示词或句子结构等，考生做题时要善于寻找并捕捉这些隐性提示， 并关联上下文意进行猜测。这类题型主要考查单词或短语词义、句意理解和代词指代。 [选项特征] 1．正确选项特征 (1)含义和其字面意思没有任何关系； (2)上下文逻辑通顺； (3)与原句意思最接近； (4)代入原文，最为得体。 2．干扰选项特征 - 18 - (1) 如果考的是熟词、旧词，含有常规词义或本来含义的往往是错误选项； (2) 解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。 阅读理解满分攻略 13--词句猜测题 在文章中，任何一个单词、短语或句子都不是孤立存在的，它总要通过上下文和文章其他内容有着紧 密的联系，通过这些联系可以猜测出单词、短语或句子的意思。有时作者在阐述某人、某物或某一现象的 特点时，先是一般地或概括性地说一下，然后再作具体的说明或解释；或者反过来，先进行具体的阐述， 然后再归纳、总结。如果学生能抓住作者的思路，就能从那些具体的说明、解释或归纳中找出猜词或句的 线索。锁定语句前后寻找，充分利用上下文语境是解题关键。 (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读 D片段)In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码 ) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 32．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in this paragraph probably mean? A．If read by someone poorly educated. B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C．If written by someone less competent. D．If translated by someone unacademic. [解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词 the phrase “In the wrong hands”和 in this paragraph。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文本段第一句中的 but及其后部分可知，坎贝尔有二十多年的专业经验，她 能将令人头晕的东西转化为容易理解的东西。利用逻辑关系猜测词义，画线短语指的应该是如果换一个学 术能力不如坎贝尔的人来写这本书。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案] C 技法点拨： 阅读理解满分攻略 14—利用“语法关系”猜词义 - 19 - (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读 C片段)Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 29．What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Clear-up.B．Add-on. C．Check-in. D．Take-over. [解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词 underlined word “declutter”和 paragraph 3。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第三段中的“Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.”可知，画线词的下一句就是对 the digital declutter 的解释，根据下文中的 step away from可知，画线词意为“清除、清理”。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案] A 阅读理解满分攻略 15—利用“逻辑关系”猜词义 - 20 - “This is one of the most creative and valuable technologies that I've seen as a farmer，” said James Johnson of Carzalia Farm in a statement, who has used Carbon Robotics' technology on his farm. “I expect the robots to go mainstream because of how effectively they address some of farming's most critical issues, including the overuse of chemicals, process efficiency, and labor. The sky is the limit.” It's no surprise that the 2021 model of the Autonomous Weeder has already sold out, even considering its price tag which was quoted at “hundreds of thousands of dollars”． The de-weeding method of the robot is Certified Organic and in line with regenerative farming practices. Cost-effective weed control is the biggest barrier to entry with organic farming, and agriculturalists looking to make the switch finally have an alternative to help them get their vegetables out to people. 33．What does the underlined sentence “The sky is the limit.” mean in paragraph 4? A．The robots won't spread widely. B．The invention is very promising. C．The weeder addresses limited issues. D．The technology needs further improvement. [解析] 第一步：阅读题干，寻找关键词 the underlined sentence “The sky is the limit.”和 paragraph 4。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第四段中的“It's no surprise that the 2021 model of the Autonomous Weeder has already sold out, even considering its price tag which was quoted at ‘hundreds of thousands of dollars’．”可知，该 除草机非常实用，2021款除草机已经卖完，该句是对画线句的进一步解释说明，由此可知，画线句应意为“这 项发明很有前景”。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案] B 阅读理解满分攻略 16—利用构词法猜测词义 (2020新高考Ⅱ卷,B) I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit. ... - 21 - My imaginary Grandma’s Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away — since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging. 25.What do the underlined words “the offender” in paragraph 8 refer to? A. The student’s parent. B. The maker of the Grandma’s Box. C. The author’s grandchild. D. The owner of the forbidden fruit. [解析] 根据构词法知识可知,“-er”为后缀,当其与动词组合时,表示“做某事的人或物”;offend为动词,意为“违 反;冒犯”。所以 offender有“犯规者;违反者”之意。结合上文中出现的“forbidden fruit”以及下文提到的“return the belonging”可推断,画线词所在句表示,通常 the offender会在放学的时候过来,作者就会把东西归还给他/她。 因此,the offender就是携带违禁物品的人。 [答案] D 阅读理解满分攻略 17—利用句意猜测题 高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查,因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义, 巧解句意猜测题。句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章,用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。 (2019 浙江卷,B) Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.” 24. What does the expression “Money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Money spent without hesitation. B. Money not legally made. C. Money offered without conditions. D. Money not tied together. [解析] 本题利用意义吻合法解题。根据第一段中的“Give What You Can, Take What You Need(尽你所能,取你 所需)”可知,此处“Money with no strings attached”的意思应该是“无条件提供钱”。 [答案] C 阅读理解满分攻略 18—代词指代题 在文章中，为了避免语意的重复，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词 - 22 - 的含义十分重要。代词多是 it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件 事；it/he/them/they/one/those可指代上文提到的人或事物。解答这类题目的时候要遵循“就近原则”，找出离 代词最近的名词、词组或句子等，当然有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能找出代词所指代的事物。 (2024·浙江卷 1 月阅读 B 片段)When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was...2006. I was conducting auditions (试演 ) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”． 24．What does the word “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer to? A．The play. B．The shared house. C．The sofa. D．The telephone box. [解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词 the word “it”和 underlined in the first paragraph。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文本段第五句。根据“就近原则”和代词所指代的内容一般出现在前面的句子 中，且 it表单数概念可知，此处指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，it指代“合租房”，符合句意。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案] B 技法点拨： 【考试技能篇 2】阅读七选五 20 条满分攻略 【研高考·辨考向】 年份 卷别 主题 话题 2025 2025浙江 1月卷 人与自我 推荐有效沟通的四种方式 2025八省联考卷 人与社会 欢迎成为大学艺术博物馆之友的成员 2024 2024新课标 I卷 人与自我 使用英语词典体验 2024新课标 II卷 人与自我 如何避免过度旅游 2024全国甲卷 人与自我 适度饮食 - 23 - 2023 2023新课标 I卷 人与自我 自我宽恕中成长 2023新课标Ⅱ卷 人与自我 开启艺术之旅建议 2023全国甲卷 人与自我 培养耐心秘诀 2022 2022新课标 I卷 人与自我 寻找健身小伙伴 2022新课标Ⅱ卷 人与自我 写文章修改文章建议 2022全国甲卷 人与社会 外出吃饭注意事项 2021 2021全国甲卷 人与社会 交换衣服派对 2020 2020全国 I卷 人与社会 表情符号有助于职场 2020全国 III卷 人与社会 乔迁聚会安排 命题风向 1 结合生活实际,强调学用融合互相促进。 高考七选五命题选取贴近考生学习和生活实际的语篇,引导考生理解并掌握学以致用、以用促学的方法, 提高英语学习效率。如 2024年新高考 I卷阅读七选五介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验、心得与乐趣，引导 考生在日常学习和运用英语的过程中充分利用好各类词典。 命题风向 2 突出考查关键能力,促进思维品质发展。 新《课标》把英语思维品质列入学科核心素养,英语教学中把培养思维能力作为重要的教学目标。逻辑 思维是指运用语言符号形成的概念来进行判断、推理,以解决问题的思维过程。在七选五解题过程中正体现 了逻辑思维的培养。 命题风向 3 文本灵活多样,体裁非固定,反套路命题明显。 高考七选五的选材通常以说明文为主,但随着命题难度的增加,所选语篇的文本结构越来越灵活,出现了 较多的非典型结构说明文:非列条式、结构松散式等,偶尔也会考查记叙文。文本以无小标题为主,相较于有小 标题类文本而言,此类题目难度较大,对考生理解语篇结构的能力提出了较高的要求。 命题风向 4选项设置灵活,干扰项越来越隐蔽。 特征 1干扰项貌合神离。有的干扰项与文章“貌合神离”,即从句式来看符合行文句式特征,但语义与上下 文不连贯,或是承上不启下,或启下不承上,解题时要注意避免错选。 特征 2反主旨信息复现。命题人为了增加干扰项的迷惑性,有时会在七选五的干扰项中使用上下文语境 中的原词,但选项句意与段落主旨相去甚远,考生在做题时不能仅依靠原词复现来确定答案。 特征 3 干扰项模棱两可。模棱两可式干扰项的迷惑性极强,其在语义和逻辑上和文段相符,但偏离了段落 主旨,需要考生充分把握文章脉络和段落主旨。 【抓规律·找依据】 - 24 - 第一部分 利用设空位置解题 七选五满分攻略 1--段首设空题 设空在段首，要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句，要么是段落过渡句，因此选项要有概括性， 要么承接上段，要么是对本段内容的概括。若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同。 - 25 - (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ) Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations...Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ·Choose mindfully. ... ·Get creative. ... ·39._____ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You'll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. A. Visit during off-peak times. C. Travel for you and no one else. G. Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting. [解析]本空考查段落标题句。观察其他小标题特点：祈使句，短小精悍。所以答案限定在 A或 C中。根据 本段中的信息句“skipping major holidays or rush hour”可知，本段建议避开重大假期或高峰时间旅行，即“非 高峰时间去旅游”。 [答案] A 技法点拨： (2024·全国甲卷)40．______ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14-16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. A. Eat properly throughout the day. C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. [解析]本空考查段落主题句。根据空后内容可知，本段讲述了从早到晚如何合理饮食。 - 26 - [答案] A 技法点拨： (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)I keep two reference books close-by on my desk：dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词 典 ). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. 37.It takes no account of the context. Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 38．__________ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. [解析] 本空考查段落过渡句。根据上段内容可知，上段提到词典的单词拼写功能又根据空后内容可知，该 段讲述了词典具备的其他功能。空处应引出下文，使上下文衔接。 [答案] E 技法点拨： 七选五满分攻略 2--段中设空题 段中设空属于对主题句的展开，通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。段中设空的特 点主要是以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充上文的具体事实、事例和 说明。解答此类试题时，考生首先应确定所缺的句子是细节句还是过渡句，对于这两类句子，应采用不同 的方法来解题。 (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36.________ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. - 27 - G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. [解析] 本空考查段中细节句。阅读空前后内容可知，空前谈到如果想要出版图书，提交一份完美的、专业 的手稿至关重要；空后提到没有编辑会容忍一个不愿花心思拼写正确单词的作家。所以内处应进一步解释 完美、专业的手稿是什么样子的，且根据下句中的相关词 spell words correctly可确定选项。 [答案] F 技法点拨： 七选五满分攻略 3--段尾设空题 设空在段尾，通常为结论性、概括性语句，若不是结论性、概括性语句，则考虑是过渡句，即通过空 格把本段与下一段巧妙地衔接起来。 (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)•Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they're special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it's easy to feel like you're missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 37._________ A. Visit during off-peak times. B. So, should we stop traveling? C. Travel for you and no one else. D. Can overtourism be avoided then? [解析] 本题考查段落总结句。本段主旨句是“Choose mindfully.”，再根据空前信息句“Go somewhere...draws you.”可推知，只有当目的地的景色、文化或食物真正吸引你时你再去。空处在结尾处，应该紧扣本段主旨 句和空前内容，点明旅行应是为自己而不是为别人，与上文形成顺承关系。 [答案] C 技法点拨： 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ( 以青春之名，赴梦想之约 ——致即将奔赴考场的你 亲爱的同学们： 当凤凰花开满枝头，当蝉鸣唤醒盛夏，你们将执笔为剑，在考场上书写青春的答卷。这三年，你们见过彼此晨光熹微时的早读身影，听过自己深夜笔尖划过纸页的沙响；既有过“直挂云帆济沧海”的意气风发，也曾因“路漫漫其修远兮”而彷徨。但请记住，每一滴汗水都是成长的印记，每一次跌倒都是为腾飞蓄力。 以信念为帆，破浪前行 高考是人生的第一个重要渡口，它检验的不仅是知识，更是意志。那些挑灯夜战的夜晚、反复演算的习题，终将凝聚成“天道酬勤”的力量。无论结果如何，只要拥有梦想并为之奋斗，你们已是自己的英雄。请带着“舍我其谁”的气魄踏入考场，因为“自信是成功的基石，沉着是飞翔的翅膀”。 以坚韧为刃，披荆斩棘 学习之路从无捷径，或许你们曾因一次失利而怀疑自己，但请明白：“只有经历地狱般的磨练，才能炼出创造天堂的力量。” 就像梅花经苦寒而芬芳，宝剑因磨砺而锋利。此刻，你们只需凝神静气，将三年积淀化作笔下星河——“静下来，铸我实力；拼上去，亮我风采！” 以初心为灯，照亮未来 高考不是终点，而是新篇章的起点。这个世界从不会辜负认真耕耘的人，在你的笔下有一个色彩绚丽的世界，而未来定会还你另一幅灿烂图景。愿你们像雄鹰搏击长空，如猛虎声振山谷，在考场上“以平常心面对挑战，以非凡心成就自我”。 殷殷的嘱托 亲爱的同学们，“长风破浪会有时”是你们的信念，“不达目的誓不罢休”是你们的誓言。愿你们“从容不迫，潇洒凯旋”；愿你们“金榜题名时，言笑亦晏晏”；更愿你们永远记得——这场考试的意义，在于让你们发现：“生命中最快乐的，是拼搏而非成功；最痛苦的，是惰性而非失败。” 希望学科网《最后一课》系列，能助你在高考的考场上擘画自己的明天！相信你们终将“一举成名天下知”，让青春的光芒照亮未来的每一步！ 学科网总经理 陈学艺 2025年4月20日于北京 ) ( 以青春之名，赴梦想之约 ——致即将奔赴考场的你 亲爱的同学们： 当凤凰花开满枝头，当蝉鸣唤醒盛夏，你们将执笔为剑，在考场上书写青春的答卷。这三年，你们见过彼此晨光熹微时的早读身影，听过自己深夜笔尖划过纸页的沙响；既有过“直挂云帆济沧海”的意气风发，也曾因“路漫漫其修远兮”而彷徨。但请记住，每一滴汗水都是成长的印记，每一次跌倒都是为腾飞蓄力。 以信念为帆，破浪前行 高考是人生的第一个重要渡口，它检验的不仅是知识，更是意志。那些挑灯夜战的夜晚、反复演算的习题，终将凝聚成“天道酬勤”的力量。无论结果如何，只要拥有梦想并为之奋斗，你们已是自己的英雄。请带着“舍我其谁”的气魄踏入考场，因为“自信是成功的基石，沉着是飞翔的翅膀”。 以坚韧为刃，披荆斩棘 学习之路从无捷径，或许你们曾因一次失利而怀疑自己，但请明白：“只有经历地狱般的磨练，才能炼出创造天堂的力量。” 就像梅花经苦寒而芬芳，宝剑因磨砺而锋利。此刻，你们只需凝神静气，将三年积淀化作笔下星河——“静下来，铸我实力；拼上去，亮我风采！” 以初心为灯，照亮未来 高考不是终点，而是新篇章的起点。这个世界从不会辜负认真耕耘的人，在你的笔下有一个色彩绚丽的世界，而未来定会还你另一幅灿烂图景。愿你们像雄鹰搏击长空，如猛虎声振山谷，在考场上“以平常心面对挑战，以非凡心成就自我”。 殷殷的嘱托 亲爱的同学们，“长风破浪会有时”是你们的信念，“不达目的誓不罢休”是你们的誓言。愿你们“从容不迫，潇洒凯旋”；愿你们“金榜题名时，言笑亦晏晏”；更愿你们永远记得——这场考试的意义，在于让你们发现：“生命中最快乐的，是拼搏而非成功；最痛苦的，是惰性而非失败。” 希望学科网《最后一课》系列，能助你在高考的考场上擘画自己的明天！相信你们终将“一举成名天下知”，让青春的光芒照亮未来的每一步！ 学科网总经理 陈学艺 2025年4月20日于北京 ) 目录 ( - 2 - ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 高考祝福篇 致即将奔赴考场的你……………………1 技能方法篇 【技能1】阅读理解18条满分攻略………1 【技能2】七选五20条满分攻略…………22 【技能3】完形填空20条满分攻略………37 【技能4】语法填空25条满分攻略………48 【技能5】应用文写作12个吸睛句式…75 【技能6】应用文首尾段句式仿写30例…77 【技能7】读后续写精彩开头仿写30例…80 【技能8】读后续写情感心理描写60句…86 【技能9】读后续写五类主题升华20句…89 【技能10】听力满分攻略及场景词汇……91 易错梳理篇 【易错1】十年高考已考词形转换92例…108 【易错2】可能考名词词形转换130例…110 【易错3】可能考形容词词形转换90例…114 【易错4】可能考阅读理解障碍词203例…116 【易错5】高考完形填空熟词生义170例…121 【易错6】2024课标I卷熟词生义35例…128 【易错7】2023课标I卷熟词生义33例…130 【易错8】2024新课标I卷词汇288例……133 【易错9】2024新课标II卷词汇239例…142 【易错10】高考真题派生合成词128例…149 认知心态篇 冲刺阶段英语怎么复习备考更高效……157 高考冲刺阶段心态调整最佳策略………158 考场提醒篇 2025高考英语规范答题七大提醒………160 清北生青睐的考场十大答题技巧………161 终极压题篇 热点事件一让科技进步惠及全人类……162 热点人物一杰出人物闪耀人性光辉……169 热点话题一迎接人工智能发展机遇……174 2025年高考语法填空热点话题预测……180 2025年高考应用文写作热点话题预测…188 2025年高考阅读理解高频考点押题……193 2025年英语新课标卷终极押题卷………208 2025年高考英语押题预测卷链接 ……..225 【考试技能篇1】阅读理解18条满分攻略 【研高考·辨考向】 年份 卷名 体裁 题目类型 细节 理解题 推断 判断题 主旨 大意题 词句 猜测题 2024 新高考 全国卷Ⅰ 应用文；记叙文；议论文；说明文 9 4 1 1 新高考 全国卷Ⅱ 应用文；记叙文；说明文；书评 7 6 1 1 2023 新高考 全国卷Ⅰ 应用文；记叙文；说明文；议论文 6 7 1 1 新高考 全国卷Ⅱ 应用文；记叙文；说明文；说明文 8 5 1 1 2022 新高考 全国卷Ⅰ 应用文；议论文；新闻报道；说明文 6 7 1 1 新高考 全国卷Ⅱ 应用文；记叙文；说明文；说明文 8 4 1 2 【抓规律·找依据】 第一部分 细节理解题--定位信息找答案 [题型分析] 细节理解题考查理解具体信息，在阅读总题量中占比较大，是最重要的得分点。细节理解题的命题方法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查，也可能是将文章中的几个细节放在一起要求学生判断是非或对几个细节进行排序等。主要考查直接细节题、间接细节题、数字计算题等。考查方式灵活，常见的设问形式有： 1．特殊疑问句形式，常以when、where、what、which、who、how等疑问词开头引出问题； 2．填空题形式，通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节； 3．数字询问，就文中的数字进行提问。 [选项特征] 1．正确选项特征 同义替换 与原文关键信息相同含义的不同表达 信息归纳 对分散或复杂的信息进行概括或比较 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达 原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项 2.干扰选项特征 张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容 无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容 曲解文意 极其相似但是细节处与原文有出入 颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭或者完全相反 正误参半 部分正确，部分错误 [思维导图] 阅读理解满分攻略1--直接细节题 直接细节题主要针对文中涉及的某个具体事物、人物、时间、地点、原因、结果等提问。直接信息题常设置在应用文中,涉及的话题有广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以“6W1H”(what, who, when, where, why, which和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。 (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读A片段) AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. 22．What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A．5.　　B．10. C．15. D．18. [解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the lower age limit。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文中的“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.”，可知加入生物栖息地修复工作队的最低年龄是10岁。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案]　 B 技法点拨： 阅读理解满分攻略2--间接细节题 间接细节题是直接信息的转述、原文信息的间接表达、直接信息背后隐含内容的表达。相比直接信息题命题,间接信息题的隐蔽性、迷惑性更强,正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。解答间接信息题时要做到“两关注”“一防范”。“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征:一是同义词替换或释义,即把文中的语言(词汇和结构)改头换面,来表达相同的意思;二是对文章信息的归纳。“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的逼真性,稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。 (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读A片段) We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. 23．What are the volunteers expected to do? A．Bring their own tools. B．Work even in bad weather. C．Wear a team uniform. D．Do at least three projects. [解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词are the volunteers expected to do。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文中的“We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.”通过语义转换可知，志愿者甚至会在恶劣天气下工作。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案]　B 技法点拨： 阅读理解满分攻略3--数字计算题 数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价格、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说计算量都比较小,容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解,从这个角度上讲,理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题的话题有广告类、故事类、科普知识类、史地自然类、文化教育类。设问方式为以when, in which year, how many/much等疑问词(组)开头的疑问句。此类试题要求考生对具体细节信息，尤其是对相关的时间、数量等数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，但此类试题重点不在于计算，而在于考查考生对具体细节信息的处理能力，因此考生在解题时必须找出计算背后所隐含的信息。 　(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读A片段)Prices Hand Brake，Three Gears Foot Brake，No Gears 1 hour 7.50 5.00 3 hours 11.00 7.50 1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75 Each additionalday 8.00 6.00 22.How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days？ A．15.75.　B．19.50.C．22.75. D．29.50. [解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days。 第二步：根据关键词定位到原文定价表第二列最后两行，由表格可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，每加一天需要8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75＋8＝22.75欧元。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案]　 C 技法点拨： 阅读理解满分攻略4--概括信息题 概括信息题要求学生通过思维分析对原文中比较分散或复杂的信息进行归纳概括。为了增加细节信息试题的难度,命题人有时也会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题,一个细节理解题涉及一段内的多个信息点或者多段的具体内容,需要考生进行概括和归纳后才能回答。 (2023全国乙卷,A) PRACTITIONERS Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. James Barry (c.1789-1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. Tan Yunxian (1461-1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. 21. What did Jacqueline and James have in common? A. Doing teaching jobs. B. Being hired as physicians. C. Performing surgery. D. Being banned from medicine. [解析]　第一步　锁定题干关键词: Jacqueline and James 第二步　查找定位到原文: 根据题干信息锁定到文本相应的方框内容。通过文章Jacqueline Felice de Almania部分中的“Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.”以及James Barry部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”和“Barry retired in 1859,having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.”可知,Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案]　 C 第二部分 推理判断题---依文推理定选项 [题型分析] 推理判断题考查考生推理和判断的能力，以及深层次的阅读理解能力。主要考查隐含推断题、观点态度题、写作意图题、文章出处题、文章类型题、读者对象题等。在进行推断时，要透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文、主观臆断。 [选项特征] 1．正确选项特征 (1)“立足原文，只推一步”：根据原文内容简单推理，一步即可推得。 (2)选项中一般不出现绝对概念，如only、never、all、absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often、usually、sometimes、some、may、might、can、could、probably等。 2．干扰选项特征 张冠李戴 把作者的观点与其他人的观点混在一起 无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容 曲解文意 利用原文内容借题发挥，曲解原文意思；符合常识，但不符合文意 扩缩范围 通过改变或去掉文章中的限制性词语，改变信息的准确度造成干扰 偷梁换柱 使用与文章中某一句相似的结构和单词，更换单词造成句意的改变 [思维导图] 阅读理解满分攻略5--隐含推断题 隐含推断题主要考查考生对特定信息、全篇、全段或上下文逻辑关系的判断，结合相关信息的暗示，准确理解文章寓意或隐含的深层意义的能力。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer (推断)、indicate (象征；暗示)、imply (暗示)、suggest (暗示)、conclude (得出结论)、assume (假定；设想)。 　(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读C片段)Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 31．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. [解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词imply和the last paragraph。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文中的“when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces”以及“However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.”。综合逻辑分析可推断出作者在强调纸质文本在教育中不能完全被取代。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案]　 C 技法点拨： 阅读理解满分攻略6--观点态度题 此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的观点、态度或看法或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。观点和态度一般分为三大类：①支持、赞同、乐观；②客观、中立、公正；③反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。在推断过程中，考生应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。 (2024·全国甲卷阅读C片段)Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train's equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke.“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.” 31．What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services? A．Appreciative. B．Doubtful. C．Ambiguous. D．Cautious. [解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文中的“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned”以及“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”。根据段中杜克所说的话中的“very impressed”“staying focused and very concerned”和“the best chance”等可知，他对该列车的服务持赞赏的态度。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案]　 A 技法点拨： 阅读理解满分攻略7--写作意图题 各种话题的阅读材料都有可能考查写作意图题。通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。 (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读D片段)Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码)that powers AI... As we soon come to learn from AI by Design，... AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 35．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To recommend a book on AI. B．To give a brief account of AI history. C．To clarify the definition of AI. D．To honor an outstanding AI expert. [解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the author's purpose in writing the text。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文最后一段：AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.。本文是一篇说明文，结合首段和尾段可知，文章主要给读者推荐了卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔的一本关于人工智能的书。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案]　 A 技法点拨： 阅读理解满分攻略8--文章出处题、文章类型题、读者对象题 文章出处题、文章类型题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类型。读者对象题要求考生根据文章内容和措辞推断文章的读者对象。 　(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读C片段)ReadingArt: ArtforBookLovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists' representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books，” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. 28．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．An introduction to a book. B．An essay on the art of writing. C．A guidebook to a museum. D．A review of modern paintings. [解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Where和taken from。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第一段第一句：“ReadingArt: ArtforBookLovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”和第二段第一句。根据以上信息可推知，文章介绍了一本书，最有可能出自一本书的序言。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案]　 A 技法点拨： 阅读理解满分攻略9--文章出处题、文章类型题、读者对象题 考生在阅读全文基础上，“预测下段”类试题应注意以下两点策略： 1. 从最后一段入手。 有时候，作者在最后一段提到一个话题，但是没有充分说明，因此需要在下一段就此问题深入分析、论述或讨论。所以考生学会依据最后一段甚至最后一句话进行推断也不失为明智选择。 2. 从第一段入手。 实用类说明文往往采用“总分”或者“总分总”结构，即第一段总体概况说明，然后分段阐述。因此只要考生把握好第一段即主题段内容，顺藤摸瓜，即可推断下段内容应该是主题段中尚未提及的内容。 (2023全国乙卷,C)What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 31. What might the author continue talking about? A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes. C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters. [解析]　第一步　锁定题干关键词:might, continue talking about 第二步　浏览全文,了解大意:根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案]　 B 第三部分 主旨大意题——辨主干细加工 [题型分析] 主旨大意题旨在考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力，是阅读理解中的高难度题。概括全文大意最简单的方法就是把每段的大意串起来考虑。该类题主要考查标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。常见的设问方式有： 1．The best title of the passage is_____________． 2．Which of the following is the best title for the text? 3．The passage is mainly about _____________． 4．What is the passage mainly about? 5．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? 6．What is the first/second/...paragraph mainly about? [选项特征] 1．正确选项特征 涵盖性强 覆盖全文或全段主要内容。常含有抽象名词或概括性词语，一般不出现细节信息 精确性强 所使用的概括性语言不会改变意思表达的程度及色彩。不含过分肯定或绝对意义词 范围恰当 范围既不太大，也不太小 2.干扰选项特征 以偏概全 概括的范围过于狭窄，只阐述了文章的部分内容、局部信息或文章主题的某一个方面 断章取义 以文章中个别信息作为选项的内容，或者以次要的事实或细节替代全文的主要观点 移花接木 命题者有意把属于A的特征放在B上 主题扩大 归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容 似是而非 题目中的关键词好像在文章中提到了，但认真分析后发现它与文章的内容毫无联系 阅读理解满分攻略10--标题归纳题 该类题目要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给的选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意标题的特点：精准性、概括性和新颖性。 　(2024·全国甲卷阅读B)Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 27．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Tips on Finding a Smart CatB．Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C．Have Fun with Your CatD．How to Keep Your Cat Healthy [解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词a suitable title for the text。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第一段的主题句“But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills.”，可知该段介绍了猫的惊人的发声技能；定位到原文第二段的主题句“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive.”，可知该段介绍了猫的嗅觉敏锐，能够区分不同的环境；定位到原文第三段的主题句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch.”，可知该段介绍了猫的令人印象深刻的取物习惯。采用主题句法，这些都属于对猫的行为的介绍。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案]　 B 技法点拨： 阅读理解满分攻略11--文章大意题 文章大意题是考查考生深层理解文章以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的，把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。 　(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee. 31．What does the text mainly talk about? A．BMF's major strengths. B．BMF's general management. C．BMF's global influence. D．BMF's technical standards. [解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the text mainly talk about。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第一段第三句、第二段第一、二句、第三段第一句、第四段第一句以及第五段第一句可知，借助段落主题句归纳，文章从各个方面凸显了巴比伦微农场公司的优势，如缩短食物运输距离、节约用水、无农药使用、减少碳排放等。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案]　 A 技法点拨： 阅读理解满分攻略12--段落大意题 段落大意题主要考查考生用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来的能力。考生在做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。 (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读B片段)Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. 26．What does this paragraph mainly talk about? A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B．The complexity of veterinarians' work. C．Examples of rare animal diseases. D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine. [解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词this paragraph mainly talk about。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文可知，本段没有主题句，本段主要介绍了两个动物经过法伯的治疗后，病情有所好转。由此可知，本段主要介绍了法伯的整体医学疗法所取得的效果。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案]　 D 技法点拨： 第四部分　词句猜测题——上下语境觅答案 [题型分析] 词句猜测题是高考阅读理解的常考题型，这类题型针对语篇中一些关键性的单词、短语或句子进行设问，要求考生猜测其含义。这些需要猜测的单词、短语或句子往往与上下文有紧密的逻辑关系，文章中往往会提供和这些词句相关的定义解释、提示词或句子结构等，考生做题时要善于寻找并捕捉这些隐性提示，并关联上下文意进行猜测。这类题型主要考查单词或短语词义、句意理解和代词指代。 [选项特征] 1．正确选项特征 (1)含义和其字面意思没有任何关系； (2)上下文逻辑通顺； (3)与原句意思最接近； (4)代入原文，最为得体。 2．干扰选项特征 (1) 如果考的是熟词、旧词，含有常规词义或本来含义的往往是错误选项； (2) 解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。 阅读理解满分攻略13--词句猜测题 在文章中，任何一个单词、短语或句子都不是孤立存在的，它总要通过上下文和文章其他内容有着紧密的联系，通过这些联系可以猜测出单词、短语或句子的意思。有时作者在阐述某人、某物或某一现象的特点时，先是一般地或概括性地说一下，然后再作具体的说明或解释；或者反过来，先进行具体的阐述，然后再归纳、总结。如果学生能抓住作者的思路，就能从那些具体的说明、解释或归纳中找出猜词或句的线索。锁定语句前后寻找，充分利用上下文语境是解题关键。 　(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读D片段)In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 32．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in this paragraph probably mean? A．If read by someone poorly educated. B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C．If written by someone less competent. D．If translated by someone unacademic. [解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the phrase “In the wrong hands”和in this paragraph。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文本段第一句中的but及其后部分可知，坎贝尔有二十多年的专业经验，她能将令人头晕的东西转化为容易理解的东西。利用逻辑关系猜测词义，画线短语指的应该是如果换一个学术能力不如坎贝尔的人来写这本书。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案]　 C 技法点拨： 阅读理解满分攻略14—利用“语法关系”猜词义 　(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读C片段)Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 29．What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Clear-up.B．Add-on. C．Check-in. D．Take-over. [解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词underlined word “declutter”和paragraph 3。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第三段中的“Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.”可知，画线词的下一句就是对the digital declutter的解释，根据下文中的step away from可知，画线词意为“清除、清理”。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案]　 A 阅读理解满分攻略15—利用“逻辑关系”猜词义 “This is one of the most creative and valuable technologies that I've seen as a farmer，” said James Johnson of Carzalia Farm in a statement, who has used Carbon Robotics' technology on his farm. “I expect the robots to go mainstream because of how effectively they address some of farming's most critical issues, including the overuse of chemicals, process efficiency, and labor. The sky is the limit.” It's no surprise that the 2021 model of the Autonomous Weeder has already sold out, even considering its price tag which was quoted at “hundreds of thousands of dollars”． The de-weeding method of the robot is Certified Organic and in line with regenerative farming practices. Cost-effective weed control is the biggest barrier to entry with organic farming, and agriculturalists looking to make the switch finally have an alternative to help them get their vegetables out to people. 33．What does the underlined sentence “The sky is the limit.” mean in paragraph 4? A．The robots won't spread widely. B．The invention is very promising. C．The weeder addresses limited issues. D．The technology needs further improvement. [解析]　第一步：阅读题干，寻找关键词the underlined sentence “The sky is the limit.”和paragraph 4。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第四段中的“It's no surprise that the 2021 model of the Autonomous Weeder has already sold out, even considering its price tag which was quoted at ‘hundreds of thousands of dollars’．”可知，该除草机非常实用，2021款除草机已经卖完，该句是对画线句的进一步解释说明，由此可知，画线句应意为“这项发明很有前景”。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案]　 B 阅读理解满分攻略16—利用构词法猜测词义 (2020新高考Ⅱ卷,B) I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit. ... My imaginary Grandma’s Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away — since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging. 25.What do the underlined words “the offender” in paragraph 8 refer to? A. The student’s parent. B. The maker of the Grandma’s Box. C. The author’s grandchild. D. The owner of the forbidden fruit. [解析]　根据构词法知识可知,“-er”为后缀,当其与动词组合时,表示“做某事的人或物”;offend为动词,意为“违反;冒犯”。所以offender有“犯规者;违反者”之意。结合上文中出现的“forbidden fruit”以及下文提到的“return the belonging”可推断,画线词所在句表示,通常the offender会在放学的时候过来,作者就会把东西归还给他/她。因此,the offender就是携带违禁物品的人。 [答案]　D 阅读理解满分攻略17—利用句意猜测题 高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查,因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义,巧解句意猜测题。句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章,用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。 (2019浙江卷,B) Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.” 24. What does the expression “Money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Money spent without hesitation. B. Money not legally made. C. Money offered without conditions. D. Money not tied together. [解析]　本题利用意义吻合法解题。根据第一段中的“Give What You Can, Take What You Need(尽你所能,取你所需)”可知,此处“Money with no strings attached”的意思应该是“无条件提供钱”。 [答案]　C 阅读理解满分攻略18—代词指代题 在文章中，为了避免语意的重复，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。代词多是it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those可指代上文提到的人或事物。解答这类题目的时候要遵循“就近原则”，找出离代词最近的名词、词组或句子等，当然有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能找出代词所指代的事物。 　(2024·浙江卷1月阅读B片段)When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was...2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”． 24．What does the word “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer to? A．The play. B．The shared house. C．The sofa. D．The telephone box. [解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the word “it”和underlined in the first paragraph。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文本段第五句。根据“就近原则”和代词所指代的内容一般出现在前面的句子中，且it表单数概念可知，此处指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，it指代“合租房”，符合句意。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 [答案]　 B 技法点拨： 【考试技能篇2】阅读七选五20条满分攻略 【研高考·辨考向】 年份 卷别 主题 话题 2025 2025浙江1月卷 人与自我 推荐有效沟通的四种方式 2025八省联考卷 人与社会 欢迎成为大学艺术博物馆之友的成员 2024 2024新课标I卷 人与自我 使用英语词典体验 2024新课标II卷 人与自我 如何避免过度旅游 2024全国甲卷 人与自我 适度饮食 2023 2023新课标I卷 人与自我 自我宽恕中成长 2023新课标Ⅱ卷 人与自我 开启艺术之旅建议 2023全国甲卷 人与自我 培养耐心秘诀 2022 2022新课标I卷 人与自我 寻找健身小伙伴 2022新课标Ⅱ卷 人与自我 写文章修改文章建议 2022全国甲卷 人与社会 外出吃饭注意事项 2021 2021全国甲卷 人与社会 交换衣服派对 2020 2020全国I卷 人与社会 表情符号有助于职场 2020全国III卷 人与社会 乔迁聚会安排 命题风向1 结合生活实际,强调学用融合互相促进。 高考七选五命题选取贴近考生学习和生活实际的语篇,引导考生理解并掌握学以致用、以用促学的方法,提高英语学习效率。如2024年新高考I卷阅读七选五介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验、心得与乐趣，引导考生在日常学习和运用英语的过程中充分利用好各类词典。 命题风向2 突出考查关键能力,促进思维品质发展。 新《课标》把英语思维品质列入学科核心素养,英语教学中把培养思维能力作为重要的教学目标。逻辑思维是指运用语言符号形成的概念来进行判断、推理,以解决问题的思维过程。在七选五解题过程中正体现了逻辑思维的培养。 命题风向3 文本灵活多样,体裁非固定,反套路命题明显。 高考七选五的选材通常以说明文为主,但随着命题难度的增加,所选语篇的文本结构越来越灵活,出现了较多的非典型结构说明文:非列条式、结构松散式等,偶尔也会考查记叙文。文本以无小标题为主,相较于有小标题类文本而言,此类题目难度较大,对考生理解语篇结构的能力提出了较高的要求。 命题风向4选项设置灵活,干扰项越来越隐蔽。 特征1干扰项貌合神离。有的干扰项与文章“貌合神离”,即从句式来看符合行文句式特征,但语义与上下文不连贯,或是承上不启下,或启下不承上,解题时要注意避免错选。 特征2反主旨信息复现。命题人为了增加干扰项的迷惑性,有时会在七选五的干扰项中使用上下文语境中的原词,但选项句意与段落主旨相去甚远,考生在做题时不能仅依靠原词复现来确定答案。 特征3 干扰项模棱两可。模棱两可式干扰项的迷惑性极强,其在语义和逻辑上和文段相符,但偏离了段落主旨,需要考生充分把握文章脉络和段落主旨。 【抓规律·找依据】 第一部分 利用设空位置解题 七选五满分攻略1--段首设空题 设空在段首，要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句，要么是段落过渡句，因此选项要有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是对本段内容的概括。若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同。 (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ) Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations...Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ·Choose mindfully. ... ·Get creative. ... ·39._____ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You'll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. A. Visit during off-peak times. C. Travel for you and no one else. G. Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting. [解析]本空考查段落标题句。观察其他小标题特点：祈使句，短小精悍。所以答案限定在A或C中。根据本段中的信息句“skipping major holidays or rush hour”可知，本段建议避开重大假期或高峰时间旅行，即“非高峰时间去旅游”。 [答案] A 技法点拨： (2024·全国甲卷)40．______ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14-16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. A. Eat properly throughout the day. C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. [解析]本空考查段落主题句。根据空后内容可知，本段讲述了从早到晚如何合理饮食。 [答案] A 技法点拨： (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)I keep two reference books close-by on my desk：dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. 37.It takes no account of the context. Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 38．__________ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. [解析]　本空考查段落过渡句。根据上段内容可知，上段提到词典的单词拼写功能又根据空后内容可知，该段讲述了词典具备的其他功能。空处应引出下文，使上下文衔接。 [答案]　 E 技法点拨： 七选五满分攻略2--段中设空题 段中设空属于对主题句的展开，通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。段中设空的特点主要是以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充上文的具体事实、事例和说明。解答此类试题时，考生首先应确定所缺的句子是细节句还是过渡句，对于这两类句子，应采用不同的方法来解题。 　(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36.________ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. [解析]　本空考查段中细节句。阅读空前后内容可知，空前谈到如果想要出版图书，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿至关重要；空后提到没有编辑会容忍一个不愿花心思拼写正确单词的作家。所以内处应进一步解释完美、专业的手稿是什么样子的，且根据下句中的相关词spell words correctly可确定选项。 [答案]　F 技法点拨： 七选五满分攻略3--段尾设空题 设空在段尾，通常为结论性、概括性语句，若不是结论性、概括性语句，则考虑是过渡句，即通过空格把本段与下一段巧妙地衔接起来。 (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)•Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they're special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it's easy to feel like you're missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 37._________ A. Visit during off-peak times. B. So, should we stop traveling? C. Travel for you and no one else. D. Can overtourism be avoided then? [解析]　本题考查段落总结句。本段主旨句是“Choose mindfully.”，再根据空前信息句“Go somewhere...draws you.”可推知，只有当目的地的景色、文化或食物真正吸引你时你再去。空处在结尾处，应该紧扣本段主旨句和空前内容，点明旅行应是为自己而不是为别人，与上文形成顺承关系。 [答案]　 C 技法点拨： 　(2024·浙江卷1月)I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do，but I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day, and still feel happy and relaxed. 31.______ ·Pick the most important. ... ·Combine your activities. ... ·34.Be an active learner. ... ·Lighten up. ... E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy. F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time. G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook. [解析]　上文提到作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐和轻松；根据下文段落小标题可知，作者就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空处应承上启下，引领下文各项建议。 [答案]　 F 技法点拨： 第二部分 根据逻辑关系解题 [题型分析] 每篇文章都是一个有机统一的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的内在联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子之间常常有并列、递进、转折、因果、例证、总分、补充、解释、对比等关系，有时甚至包含不止一种关系。因此，理解阅读七选五的阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以利用其来进行推理判断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，并做出正确的判断。 [技法点拨] 七选五满分攻略4—利用例证关系 设空处前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性,思维过程基本是归纳和推理。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有like, such as, for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/that is to say等。 (2023•新高考全国卷Ⅰ)In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37._________ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don't have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. [解析]空前提到“Personal strengths.”，空后列出了哪些是个人优点，是具体的例证。所以，空处应承上启下，符合逻辑。 [答案] B 七选五满分攻略5—利用因果关系 设空处前后句之间是否含有因果的逻辑关系,可以通过一些关联词(组)来判断,如why, because, since, now that, so, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result, consequently, on account of, as a consequence, therefore, thus, hence 等。 (2024•新高考全国卷Ⅰ)I keep two reference books close-by on my desk：dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. 37._________ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. A．I don't often use this dictionary. B．It takes no account of the context. C．But I still don't want to replace them. D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. [解析] 　根据上文中的“I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker.”可知，空处应谈及不信任笔记本拼写检查程序的原因，与上文构成因果关系。 [答案]　 B 七选五满分攻略6—利用递进关系 表示递进关系的连接词汇有also, further, furthermore, similarly, moreover, in addition, what’s more, too, either, neither, not only...but also..., the more...the more...等。 (2024•全国甲卷)Control emotional (情绪的) eating. 39. _______ Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings. A．Eat properly throughout the day. B．We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C．Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D．Most of us need to double the amount we eat. [解析] 根据下文中的“Many of us also...boredom.”，尤其是also可知，空处也应与人们吃东西的目的有关。 [答案] B 七选五满分攻略7—利用转折关系 表示转折关系的连接词汇有but、 however/whereas、 nevertheless (然而,不过)、 though、 yet、 in spite of、 at any rate (无论如何)、 in any case (无论如何,不管怎样)、 on the contrary、 by contrast (相反,相比之下)、 by comparison (相比之下)、 otherwise、 not...but、 as well等。 (2022全国乙卷) ·Don’t rely on technology alone 　40　,but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain.Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.  D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 【分析】本段小标题提到不要只依靠技术,空后分句表示“但是远距离的友谊,即使是亲密的朋友之间,可能需要更多有意识的努力来维系”,又根据空后的转折连词but可知,设空处应与空后内容形成转折关系,故F项“通过社交媒体保持联系很容易”符合语境。 [自主解答]　 F 　  七选五满分攻略8—利用补充关系 (2024•新高考全国卷Ⅰ)For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.“To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work，” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”. 40._______ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A. I don't often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don't want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. [解析]　根据下文中的“A few minutes...can be a rewarding experience.”可知，该句是对空处内容的补充说明，故空处应说明阅读字典是一种乐趣。 [答案] D 七选五满分攻略9—利用总分关系 总分关系:其实就是从抽象到具体,或者说从概括到例子的过程。前面的句子进行总述,后面的句子对该句子加以分述说明。 (2021新高考Ⅰ卷) The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing(水管)worked.　37　 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.  A. Not all the customers are tourists. B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. 【分析】本段首句介绍了作者租住的公寓情况,下文列举了公寓的特殊之处。根据空前一句提到的“和通常的巴黎公寓不同,这里的水管可以正常使用”和空后一句提到的“我们的公寓楼里甚至还有一部小电梯”可知,设空处和上下句之间为并列关系,不管是水管和电梯,还是厨房和床,都是对公寓的介绍。 [自主解答]　 C 　  七选五满分攻略10—利用并列关系 设空处前后句之间是否含有并列的逻辑关系,可以通过表示并列关系的标志词语来判断,如and, first(ly), second(ly), then/next, to begin with, for one thing, for another thing, finally/last等。 (2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷) So, how do you find a workout partner? First of all, decide what you want from that person.　37　 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.  A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E. How can you write a good “seeking a training partner” notice? 【分析】选段第一段提到如何找到一个健身伙伴,第二段提到首先要决定你想要从那个人那里得到什么。根据空后一句“Or do you just want to be physically fit...?”可知,设空处与空后一句之间是并列关系,设空处也应是一般疑问句,是对本段首句的进一步解释。 [自主解答]　 D 　  七选五满分攻略11—利用解释关系 从逻辑意义上来看,句子与句子之间常常是解释关系,往往作者提出观点,紧接着对这个观点进行解释说明。表示解释关系的标志词语有that is to say, in other words等。因此,把握文章结构,理清作者所表达的观点至关重要。 (2021全国甲卷) ·Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.　39　. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.  E. Donate whatever clothes are left over F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition 【分析】由空前“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room”可知,在房间的不同区域放不同类型的衣服。设空处应当是对上文如何在不同区域放不同类型衣服的解释,F项“让每个人都把衣服放在合适的位置”是对上文的解释和说明。 [自主解答]　 F 　  第三部分 依据线索词汇解题 七选五满分攻略12—代词指代法---利用人称代词 行文中为了避免与上文提到的名词重复,常用不同的代词指代上文提到的人、事物或事件,如it指代单数可数名词、不可数名词、句子;they 指代复数名词;ones 泛指复数名词;还有反身代词、指示代词、关系代词等。 (2024浙江1月卷) The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in-person courses.　39　 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.  A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. B. Your motivation should be your main concern. C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. 【分析】由下文“He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades.”可知,本空要说跟“在线老师”有关的话题,故D项能引起下文,下文中的He指代D项中的“Professor Alex Davidson”,符合题意。 [自主解答]　D　  七选五满分攻略13—代词指代法--利用指示代词 (2024浙江1月卷) The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime.　38　 “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going.  A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. B. Your motivation should be your main concern. C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. 【分析】由上文“The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime.”可知,在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习,本空要说跟“学习时间”有关的话题,故A项与上文构成转折关系,that指代上一句话,符合题意。 [自主解答]　 A 　  七选五满分攻略14—词汇复现法--原词复现法 原词复现指一个句子中的关键词(常为动词、名词、形容词)会反复出现在文中的其他句子中。这些词会以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现,如“looks”与“looking” “looked”;“go”与“going” “went”等。根据语言习惯,第一句的宾语往往是第二句的主语,或者前后句有相同、重叠的词汇。因此,要学会寻找设空处上下句中的相同关键词。 (2024全国甲卷) What is moderation(适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full.　36　 But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.  E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G. That won’t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 【分析】前文提到,适度饮食意味着只吃身体需要的食物,餐后感觉满足但不过量。F项“对我们许多人来说,适度意味着比现在吃得少。” 进一步解释了适度饮食的含义。F项中的moderation为同词复现。 [自主解答]　 F 　  七选五满分攻略15—词汇复现法--同/近义词复现 同义词/近义词复现是指设空处的前后句或本段中的某个关键词(动词、名词、形容词或副词)的同义词/近义词在正确选项中出现。 (2023新课标Ⅰ卷) In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.”　37　 Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.  A.A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. 【分析】根据上文“In a journal or on a piece of paper,put the heading ‘Personal strengths.’”以及下文“Are you caring?Creative?Generous?A good listener? Fun to be around?They don’t have to be world-changing,just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.”可知,空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。B项“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.”符合上下文内容,B项中的“characteristics you like about yourself”与空前的“Personal strengths”及句尾的“personality that you’re proud of”属于同义词复现。 [自主解答]　 B 　  七选五满分攻略16—词汇复现法--反义词复现 反义词复现是指上下文中有词义相反的单词、短语或者意思相反的句子。 (2023新课标Ⅰ卷) It’s something of a cliché(陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.　40　 We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.  F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 【分析】反义词复现解题。本段主要讲人从错误中学习成长。文中的changing提示人在不断变化,跟G项中的fixed互为反义词,形成对比,G项“不管你犯了什么错误,记住这不是你性格中固定的一面”承上启下,符合语境。 [自主解答]　 G 　  七选五满分攻略17—词汇复现法—同根词复现 同根词复现指的是以同根词的词义为基础而词性不同的词语重复出现。 (2022新高考Ⅰ卷) You and your partner will probably have different skills.　40　 Over time,both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.The core(核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.  A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 【分析】空前一句提到:你和你的同伴可能会有不同的技能。空后一句提到:随着时间的推移,你们俩都会受益——你的同伴会举起更多的重量,你会变得更健康。F项表示:接受你们之间的差异,学会相互合作。由此可知F项符合语境。前句中的different与选项中的differences为同根词复现。 [自主解答]　 F 　  七选五满分攻略18—词汇复现法—词语同现法 词语同现是指在意义上相互关联的词汇,如school, teacher, student, headmaster, class, test, fail,pass,learn等词有可能在同一篇文章中同时出现,构成以某一话题为中心的词汇链,也称之为语义场。 (2021全国甲卷) ·Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever.　40　.And don’t forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it’s a party!  D. Just keep music playing throughout G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition 【分析】与上下文中的song, party可能同时出现的,只有D项中的music。 [自主解答]　 D 　  七选五满分攻略19—词汇复现法—结构复现法 结构复现:就是句子结构重复出现,常有also作为标志词。 (2022新高考Ⅰ卷) Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.”One reason was:“You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “　36　”With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙) competition.  B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else. 【分析】C项中的“You’ll...if you...”与空前的“You’ll...if you...”是结构复现,均为if引导的条件状语从句。由空前的“while another read”可知,此处应阐述另一个与别人一起锻炼的理由。C项“如果你和别人一起训练,你会更努力”符合语境。 [自主解答]　 C 　  七选五满分攻略20—利用标点符号 [题型分析] 标点符号能确定句子之间的关系。设空处后面的标点符号可以是逗号、句号、破折号、问号等，借助于这些标点符号可以缩小答案范围，提高做题的准确率。 技法点拨： (2022•全国甲卷)Making Requests 39．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. 40._________，the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. A．The more friends you make in your lifetime B．The more time you spend in any given country [解析]　空后为逗号，且空后的句子前没有连词引导，故空格处不能填一个独立的句子；然后看后面句子的结构the more...，我们就能想到“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，这样就把答案范围限定在A、B两项中；再根据空后内容可知，你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服。 [答案]　B (2023•全国乙卷36题) Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 36 , but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. [解析]　根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。 [答案]　B 【考试技能篇3】完形填空20条满分攻略 【研高考·辨考向】 项目 卷别　 考试 年份 主题 语境 文章 话题 考查 体裁 篇章 词数 考点统计 动词 (短语) 名词 形容 词 副词 介词 (短语) 连词 新高考全国卷 Ⅰ 2024 人与 自我 设立适合自己的目标 记叙文 232 8 5 1 1 0 0 2023 人与 社会 善行义举 记叙文 227 5 8 2 0 0 0 2022 人与 自我 野营奇遇 记叙文 228 5 5 3 1 1 0 新高考全国卷 Ⅱ 2024 人与 自我 定居意大利的原因 记叙文 229 9 5 1 0 0 0 2023 人与 社会 宠物公益航班 记叙文 221 7 3 4 1 0 0 2022 人与 自我 环球旅行 记叙文 201 4 7 3 1 0 0 命题专家有话 说 1.文章特点：体裁以记叙文为主，偶有考查说明文和议论文；遵循“文章内容体现生活化”的原则，传递正能量。 2．命题方式：文章词数200～250；通常首句不设空；四个选项语法形式一致，A、B、C、D的答案个数均等或大致均等。 3．命题原则：体现“突出词汇语境化”的命题原则，侧重考查考生在语篇中对词汇上下文衔接关系、行文逻辑等的综合运用能力，进而提升考生的思维能力。 4．考查特征：主要考查实词(名词、动词、形容词及副词)；综合考查考生的英语基础知识和语言运用能力，包括词汇运用能力、阅读理解能力、分析判断能力、逻辑推理能力和跨文化交际能力。 【抓规律·找依据】 完形填空满分攻略1--利用首句，明大意 [题型分析]　完形填空首句一般不设空，题眼往往出现在文章的开头。考生通过把握首句，可以确定文章的主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等，从而把握文章的发展方向，达到顺利“入题”的目的。 [技法点拨] (2024·浙江卷1月)While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful 41.encounter with a local that all travelers long for... ...In the course of a couple of hours, he 53.showed me just how much one can gain from 54 with an open mind, and a willingness to 55.engage with locals from all walks of life. 54．A．traveling　B．reading C．searching D．teaching [解析]　本题可以利用“利用首句，明大意”的技法解答。根据下文中的“with an open mind, and a willingness”再结合第一段的第一句可知，作者当时在乘火车旅行，所以此处指带着开放的心态旅行。 [答案]　A 完形填空满分攻略2--瞻前顾后，重语境 [题型分析]　完形填空着重考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析、推理、判断的能力。考生在做完形填空时，应仔细阅读文章，留意文章的细节和措辞，注意上下文的呼应，对文章进行整体把握。因此，在做题时考生要有全局意识，开头的题目要从下文中找答案，中间的题目要从上下文中查找信息，下文或最后的题目要从上文中找线索。 [技法点拨] (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life. When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 41 a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 42.regularly, but then two things happened. 41．A．knew　　B．held C．won D．quit [解析]本题可以利用“瞻前顾后，上挂下连”的技法解答。根据上文中的“I've been motivated...by other folks' achievements all my life.”和下文中的“Feeling motivated”可知，此指是指一个社区朋友赢得了马拉松比赛，作者从其成就中受到激励。 [答案]　C 完形填空满分攻略3--词汇复现，定答案 [题型分析]　完形填空选项的设置，命题人往往通过原词复现、同源词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、上下义词复现、代词复现等方式重现已经出现过的词汇。做题时，考生应在把握语篇、透析语境的前提下，留心选项中是否有与上下文中相对应的词汇，运用词汇复现技巧快速锁定答案。 [技法点拨] 完形填空满分攻略4—利用原词复现 (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life. ...First, a girl I met one day told me she was 43.training for a “super, ” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles. To be honest, I 44.hated it! Between the girl making my 45 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 46.reason I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! 45.A．advantage B．achievement C．contribution D．influence [解析]　本题可以利用原词复现解答。根据上文中的“I've been motivated...by other folks' achievement”可知，作者一直因为其他人的成就而得到或失去动力；又根据上文中的“a 52.4-mile double marathon”和“15 miles”可知，与那个女孩的高强度训练相比，作者跑15英里的成就显得很渺小。achievements与空处是原词复现。 [答案]　 B 完形填空满分攻略5--利用同源词复现 (2024·浙江卷1月)Over several hours he would tell me about how he had 45.attended a two-year professional school to quickly find a job 46 highways in order to help support his family... It would have been easy to 51.rely on my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. 46.A．building B．sweeping C．checking D．guarding [解析]　本题可以利用同源词复现解答。根据下文中的“this highway builder”可知，年轻人是公路建设者。builder与空处是同源词复现。 [答案]　 A 完形填空满分攻略6--利用同义词复现 (2024·全国甲卷)There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their 52.breath while they watched all action going on around them. This is something I 53. admire—her ability to open her 54 underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed. 54.A．handsB．mouthC．eyes D．arms [解析]　本题可以利用同义词复现解答。根据上文中的“they would walk through deep water...watched all action going on around them”可知，她可以在水下睁开眼。watched与空处是同义词复现。 [答案]　 C 完形填空满分攻略7--利用上义词复现 (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The 50.problem: The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time. I'd never faced such 51 . 51.A．dangers B．events C．opponents D．challenges [解析]　题可以利用上义词复现解答。根据上文中的be riding uphill for miles at a time可知，作者要一次骑好几英里的上坡路，这对作者而言是挑战。challenge是be riding uphill for miles at a time的上义词。 [答案]　 D 完形填空满分攻略8--逻辑关系，解疑难 [题型分析]　语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑关系组织起来的语义整体。逻辑关系隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中，体现作者的写作思路和篇章意义，是贯穿整篇文章的主线。因此，解答完形填空最基本的方法就是根据空格前后所提供的信息或上下文之间的逻辑关系，做出符合逻辑的判断。 [技法点拨] 完形填空满分攻略9—利用并列关系 (2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)The flight was 53 ， and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she 54.flew with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. 53.A．unnecessary B．unexpected C．unavoidable D．uneventful [解析]　本题可以利用并列关系解答。根据空格后出现的并列连词and可判定前后语义应该是顺承的，根据下文中的“Tiffy was a great passenger”可知，这次飞行是很顺利的。 [答案]　 D 完形填空满分攻略10—利用转折关系 (2024·浙江卷1月)Over several hours he would tell me about how he had 45.attended a two-year professional school to quickly find a job 46.building highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps most 47 ， however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. 47.A．typical B．obvious C．natural D．remarkable [解析]　本题可以利用转折关系解答。根据本句中的however表示语义转折关系可知，这个年轻人就读两年制职业学校后很快找到了修建高速公路的工作以帮助养家糊口，但是这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习，由此可推知，这是最非凡的品质。 [答案]　 D 完形填空满分攻略11—利用因果关系 (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Between the girl making my 45.achievement seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 46.reason I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! So I 47 cycling. I got a bike and rode a lot. 47.A．gave up B．went on C．turned to D．dealt with [解析]　本题可以利用因果关系解答。根据上文中的“the only 46.reason I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me”和空前的So可知，作者放弃了跑步，把目标转向了骑自行车。下文中的“I got a bike and rode a lot.”也印证了此处。 [答案]　 C 完形填空满分攻略12—设身处地，揣情绪 [题型分析]　完形填空常选取具有教育意义的、充满正能量的记叙文，讲述作者本人经历的或作者所见所闻的某一件充满爱、善良、诚实等正能量的事情，因此考生在做题时不应置身事外，而应融入文章中，站在作者或文章主人公的角度考虑并体会文意。 [技法点拨] (2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 41.budget. They could not afford to pay for 42.transportation for their dog, Tiffy, and 43.desperately wanted to take her with them. It just 44.happened that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who 45.offered to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to 46.pick up Tiffy. ...He was so 55 and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. 55．A．thankful　　B．generous C．proud D．sympathetic [解析]　本题可以利用“设身处地，揣情绪”的技法解答。根据上文中对于发生事件的背景介绍，即“夫妇因预算紧张发帖求助运输宠物，作者施以援手”和下文中的“sent me a nice e-mail with pictures”可知，他对作者非常感激。 [答案]　 A 完形填空满分攻略13—生活常识，巧利用 [题型分析]　生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。大部分完形填空试题需要联系上下文进行解答，而这其中有很多是考查生活常识的题目。考生要关心家事、国事、天下事，强大内心，顺利解决现实生活中和试题里的一切问题。 [技法点拨] (2024·全国甲卷)There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their 52 while they watched all action going on around them. 52．A．secret B．breath C．view D．tongue [解析]　本题可以利用“生活常识，巧利用”技法解答。根据生活常识可知，他们坐在水下，所以会屏住呼吸。 [答案]　 B 完形填空满分攻略14—熟词生义，巧推断 [题型分析]　一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考不断出现的词汇活用现象。考生在备考时应注意单词本义以及根据词根推断单词的生僻意义。 [技法点拨] (2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)As for Bailey, she is more 51.confused about why her act is considered a big 52 . “She was just crying. I couldn't 53.leave her，” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.” 52．A．game B．problem C．lesson D．deal [解析]　本题可以利用“熟词生义，巧推断”的技法解答。根据下文贝利对记者说的话可知，贝利对其他人认为她的行为是一件大事很不理解。deal作为名词，意为“大量、很多”，考生应该非常熟悉，但是deal还有一些不常见的含义，a big deal意为“一件大/重要的事”。 [答案]　 D 完形填空满分攻略15—语法知识，助解题 [题型分析]　完形填空中语法知识的考查重点是复合句中的连接词、介词(短语)、“动词＋介词”短语、代词，偶有涉及情态动词。 [技法点拨] 　(2024·浙江卷1月)My 43.new friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the 44 to practice my Chinese. 44．A．chance B．advice C．trouble D．right [解析]　本题可以利用“语法知识，助解题”的技法解答。句意：我的新朋友几乎不说英语，所以我很高兴抓住这个机会来练习中文。根据句意及空处前后的took the _____ to practice可知，此处构成固定搭配take the chance to do sth.，意为“抓住机会做某事”。 [答案]　 A 完形填空满分攻略16—避免因缺乏全篇关联思维抓不住文章主线而错选 完形填空的考查点依附于语篇，而语篇具有连贯性，绝不能局限于某一句或某一句群，这就要求考生要理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理和判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持一个原则——不急于解答，根据上下文综合考虑再做判定。 (2024•新高考全国卷Ⅱ)When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 41 , Italy was the clear winner. During my first visit to Italy, I 42.struggled to ask for directions or order in a restaurant...After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how 46.warm－hearted Italians are. 41.A．study B．rent C．visit D．settle [解析]　上文“I liked traveling in France”和下文“During my first visit to Italy”很容易给考生造成一种错觉，认为作者在选择自己最喜欢的旅游目的地。但通读全文，尤其根据首句以及下文“After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how 46.warm－hearted Italians are.”可知，作者是想在欧洲定居(settle)，而不仅仅是在欧洲旅游。 [答案]　D 完形填空满分攻略17—避免因词汇理解障碍而错选 在完形填空的设题上，课标词汇中较为生僻的单词以及由课标词组成的较生僻的短语近几年也逐渐出现在选项中，而这些较难词汇大都是易被忽视的单词。它们的拼写和词义较为复杂且难记，在语篇中的考查数量相对较少。一旦涉及，考生往往见难生畏、望而却步。另外，完形填空中出现越来越多由课标词派生而来的词，此类词并非是生词，而是对课标词汇的延伸，需要考生掌握一定的构词法知识，学会通过构词法巧推词义。考查角度一般为派生词的常见词缀(un-， in-， im-， dis-， re-， -ly, -less, -ness, -ful等)的意义、词类转化(动词用作名词、名词用作动词或形容词)和合成词等构词法知识。考生在备考时要对照课标词汇表查漏补缺，多积累由课标词组成的生僻词汇，做到课标词汇无遗漏。 (2023•新高考全国卷Ⅱ)After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me 51.load Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and 52.call them as soon as we got to Kansas City. The flight was 53 ， and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she 54.flew with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. 53．A．unnecessary　　 B．unexpected C．unavoidable D．uneventful [解析]　根据下文“and Tiffy was a great passenger”可知，这次飞行一切都平安无事。uneventful平静无事的。本题的难度在于对uneventful的理解，学习该词时可以这样记忆：un不＋event事件＋ful形容词后缀→不可能发生的事件，注定是平凡的，没有刺激来促进事件的发生→uneventful平静无事的。做题时，很多考生可能因为词汇理解障碍而错选失分。 [答案]　D 完形填空满分攻略18—避免因不能正确区分形近词(组)或近义词(组)而错选 完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词(组)或近义词(组)让考生辨析，因为形式相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果考生掌握得不好或没有着眼于语篇的意义就很容易选错。 (2024•新高考全国卷Ⅰ)I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life. When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 41.won a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 42 ， but then two things happened. 42．A．regularly B．silently C．proudly D．recently [解析]　本题中，四个选项形式相似、词性相同，部分考生容易因混淆而失分。考生可以利用逻辑分析法解题。结合上文语境可知，作者受到了邻居的激励，因此应是开始定期(regularly)跑步。regularly定期地；silently默默地；proudly骄傲地；recently最近。 [答案]　 A 完形填空满分攻略19—避免因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选 在最近几年的完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“生义”而出现思维堵塞，造成失分。或者考生可能熟悉这些词的多个词义，但在语篇的具体语境中常常混淆这些词义。所以，要确定该词的确切词义，就必须具体到语境，弄清楚该词在语境中的意义。 [典例7] (2024•新高考全国卷Ⅱ)During my first visit to Italy, I 42.struggled to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to 43 a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 44.praised my language skills. 43．A．string　 B．hang　　　C．mix D．match [解析]　根据上文语境可知，作者问路或点餐很费力，再结合空后的together可知，作者努力把句子串起来(string)。string n．细绳，带子；琴弦 v．用……穿起来；串起来，串成一串。string属于一词多义，本句用的是动词用法。如果词义混淆的话，容易错选。 [答案]　A 完形填空满分攻略20—避免因惯性思维而错选 在英语学习中，考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生产生一些思维定式。考生在学习单词、词组或习惯用语时，受到思维定式的影响，只记中文意思，而不深刻理解实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况： 1．学习单词时受到的思维定式影响。学生往往过于简单化地记忆单词的中文意思，而忽略实际用法及英汉差异。例：fail to do sth.表示“没做成某事”，而表达“成功做某事”时则不能用succeed to do sth.，要用succeed in doing sth.。解题时要关注语境、含义、用法及词形转化。 2．学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响。学生在学习词组时容易受到思维定式影响。例：在学习了wait for后，有些学生在遇到wait后面接介词时，就选择for。但在“He stopped his car to wait at the red light.”中用at而不用for。解题时要注意文章结构、上下文逻辑关系，进行整句理解和整段把握。 (2024•全国甲卷)I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to 59.talk to：her stories always make my history textbooks 60 ． 60．A．come true B．come round C．come out D．come alive [解析]　根据上文语境可知，作者和奶奶不同的童年背景使奶奶成为一个令人惊叹的聊天对象，奶奶的故事总是让作者的历史教科书栩栩如生(come alive)。但学生易受思维定式影响，可能看到history textbooks就下意识地选择come out(出版发行)这个固定搭配，从而误选。 [答案]　D 【考前技能篇4】语法填空25条满分攻略 【研高考·辨考向】 试卷 名称 考试 年份 考查 体裁 主题 语境 文章 话题 命题考点 有提示词 无提示词 谓语 动词 非谓语 动词 名 词 形容词、副词 代 词 数 词 冠 词 介 词 并列 句 从 句 新高考全国卷Ⅰ 2024 说明文 人与 社会 英国 “丝路花园” 1 2 2 2 0 0 1 1 0 1 2023 说明文 人与 社会 中国美食 小笼包 0 4 0 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 2022 说明文 人与 自然 大熊猫国 家公园 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 新高考全国卷Ⅱ 2024 说明文 人与 社会 莎士比亚和汤显祖的作品的相似之处 2 3 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2023 记叙文 人与 自我 教熊猫饲 养员英语 1 1 2 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 2022 记叙文 人与 自我 救助坠楼 小孩 2 2 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 【抓规律·找依据】 考向一 有提示词 考向二 无提示词 第一部分：动词 动词是历年高考的必考点，而且考查数量占比最大。对动词有关知识的掌握是考生在语法填空中取得高分的关键。动词的形式变化比较多样，有谓语形式的变化(如时态、语态、虚拟语气及主谓一致)，非谓语形式的变化(如动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词形式)及动词词形的变化。 语法填空满分攻略1：如何判定作谓语还是非谓语 (2024·浙江卷1月)Over the last two years, some supermarkets 62._________(start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). [解析]　第一步：确定是否填谓语。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少谓语动词，空处在句中作谓语。 第二步：考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。根据空前的时间状语Over the last two years可知，空处应该用现在完成时；主语some supermarkets是动作start的发出者，应用主动语态；根据空前的复数主语some supermarkets可知，助动词应用复数形式。 [答案]　have started (2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)To eat one, you have to decide whether 57._________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出)，58.or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue (舌头). [解析]　第一步：确定是否作谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词decide后的成分为宾语，连词whether后没有主语，故此处应用非谓语动词。 第二步：确定填何种非谓语形式。此处考查“whether＋不定式”结构，不定式须用主动形式，且空处与下文的to put是并列关系。 [答案]　to bite [技法点拨] 第一步：确定是作谓语还是非谓语 1．分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所需词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词； 2．分析句子结构，若句中已有谓语动词，且不是作并列谓语动词时，则要考虑用非谓语动词。 第二步：若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致 1．看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语)； 2．看“主语”定语态(看主语是否为动作的发出者)； 3．看人称和数，确保主谓一致。 第三步：若填非谓语动词，就要确定填何种非谓语形式 1．提示词与逻辑主语是主谓关系时，常用动词-ing形式；　 2．提示词与逻辑主语是动宾关系时，常用过去分词形式；　 3．提示词在句中作目的状语或表示意料之外的结果时，常用动词不定式形式。 语法项目(一)　谓语动词 语法填空满分攻略2：谓语动词的时态 [试做经典] 1．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse _________(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. [答案] walks　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语；本句描述了the Silk Route Garden的客观情况，时态用一般现在时；walk在此作动词，意为“(循序渐进地)教、逐步引导”，与主语the Silk Route Garden之间为主动关系；且主语表示第三人称单数，应用walks。 2．(2024·青岛二模)Dough (面团) sculpture, also known as dough flowers, _________(date) back to the Han Dynasty (202-220BCE). [答案] dates　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。date back to (追溯到)无被动形式；根据语境可知，此处陈述的是客观事实，时态应用一般现在时；主语Dough sculpture为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 3．(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years, Cao _________(walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain. [答案] has walked　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词应用has。 4．(2022·浙江卷1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—_________(promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. [答案] have promised　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语since the effort started two years ago可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语academics为复数，助动词应用have。 5．(2023·浙江卷1月)The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often _________(feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by spacious homes and walled gardens. [答案] featured　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处在此作谓语。结合上下文可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。 [技法点拨] 1．标志词判断法 在高考语法填空中，有时会给出时间标志词，可根据所给时间状语来确定对应时态： (1)一般现在时：sometimes、often、every week/day/year/morning等； (2)一般过去时：yesterday、last week/night/year/month、the other day、in＋过去的年份、时间段＋ago、时间段＋later等； (3)现在进行时：look、listen、now、at present、at this moment/time等； (4)过去进行时：at that time/moment等； (5) 现在完成时：since＋时间点、recently、lately、already、so far、ever since、up to/until/by now、during/over/in the last/past＋时间段、in/over recent＋时间段等。 2．瞻前顾后找并列 (1)表示并列的连词有and、but、or、rather than、neither...nor...、not only...but (also)...等； (2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。 3．语境暗示法 分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，但没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显，通过正确理解语境即通过语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。 4．固定句型判断法 (1)be doing...when...； (2)This/It/That is＋the＋序数词＋time＋(that)从句，从句用现在完成时； (3)This/It/That was＋the＋序数词＋time＋(that)从句，从句用过去完成时； (4)It is/has been＋时间段＋since sb./sth. did...；　 (5)by the time＋sb./sth. did...，主语＋had done...； (6)no sooner had ＋主语＋ done ...than ＋主语＋ did.../hardly had ＋主语＋done... when ＋主语＋did...； (7)It's (high/about) time that sb. did/should do sth. 语法填空满分攻略3：谓语动词的语态 [试做经典] 1．(2024·全国甲卷)What should _________(do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. [答案]be done　考查动词的语态。主语What与do之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；空前的should是情态动词，其后应用动词原形。 2．(2023·全国乙卷)Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _________(amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. [答案]was amazed　考查动词的时态和语态。由下文时态可知，应用一般过去时；I和amaze之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。 3．(2022·浙江卷1月)Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like—frequently by plane—_________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. [答案]is viewed/has been viewed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语，与谓语之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。 4．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by ThePeonyPavilion, _________(build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. [答案]was built　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，主语是a six-meter-tall pavilion，与build之间是被动关系；此处描述过去的事，应用一般过去时的被动语态；且主语为单数，be动词应用was。 5．The coat you bought for me is made of a kind of cloth that _________(wash) easily. [答案]washes　考查动词的语态。此处为主动形式表示被动意义，表示主语a kind of cloth具有某种“性质”使得动作wash得以进行。 [技法点拨] 1．依据逻辑关系，辨析主动或被动 (1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系，则考虑用被动语态。 (2)被动语态的基本形式为： be＋过去分词，被动语态的时态体现在be动词上。 (3)只有及物动词(短语)才有被动语态，系动词和不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。 2．常考的几种时态的被动语态 (1)一般现在时：am/is/are done； (2)一般过去时：was/were done； (3)过去将来时：would be done； (4)现在完成时：has/have been done。 3．主动形式表被动含义的句式结构： (1)当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等系动词后面接形容词时； (2)当cut、read、sell、wear、write、wash、open、run、burn等动词后有状语(well、easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在品质或性能时，用主动形式表示被动含义。 语法填空满分攻略4：主谓一致 [试做经典] 1．(2023•全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _________(mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. [答案] means考查动词的时态和主谓一致。上下文的时态为一般现在时，此处也应用一般现在时；句子的主语为“The remarkable development of this city”，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。 2．(2024•新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Some of the things that Tang was writing about _________(be) also Shakespeare's concerns. [答案] were　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语Some of the things为复数，且此处描述过去的事，故填were。 3．(2024•衡水中学期中)While enjoyed throughout China, Jianzi _________(describe) by Chai as an important aspect of hutong culture. The narrow alleyways, situated within Beijing's inner city, provide the setting for the game's popularity. [答案] is described　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；根据句意及空后的by可知，空处用被动语态；主语Jianzi是不可数名词，be动词应用单数形式。 4．(2024•全国甲卷)They _________(be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. [答案] were　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。结合文章时态和句意可知，此处描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时；主语是They，be动词应用复数形式。 [技法点拨] 1．语法一致原则 (1)分析句子结构发现提示词作谓语，且主语后跟有with、together with、as well as、like、but、except、along with、rather than、including、in addition to等引导的短语时，要考虑谓语动词的数与短语前面的主语保持一致； (2)在定语从句中，关系代词that、who、which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数保持一致； (3)“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；each、every、no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and 连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 2．就近一致原则 (1)or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but (also)...、not...but...等连接并列主语时； (2)there/here be句式。 3．意义一致原则 (1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念时，谓语动词用单数； (2)动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数； (3)由分数、百分数或者some、a part of等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数； (4)“the＋形容词”表示抽象概念，作主语时谓语动词用单数；“the＋形容词”表示一类人或物，作主语时谓语动词用复数。 语法项目(二)　非谓语动词 语法填空满分攻略5：非谓语动词作宾语 [试做经典] 1．(2023•全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years _________(record) everything I discovered. [答案] recording　考查非谓语动词。spend some time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配。 2．(2024•全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend _________(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. [答案] to catch　考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语tend，此处应填非谓语。tend to do sth.意为“往往会做某事”，为固定用法。 3．(2024•菏泽一模)He wanted _________(learn) more about China—an ancient civilization with a unique language, history, literature and culture. [答案] to learn　考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”，空处缺少不定式作宾语。 4．(2024•岳阳质检)It's what everybody deserves _________(have) in this world, in America and everywhere. [答案] to have　考查非谓语动词。deserve to do sth.意为“值得做某事”，此处用不定式作宾语。 5．(2024•邵阳二模)The ground floor tends _________(use) as storage space for firewood and farming equipment. [答案] to be used　考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“倾向于做某事、往往会做某事”，又因use与主语之间为被动关系，故应用不定式的被动式。 [技法点拨] 1．提示词是动词 (1)若句中已有谓语，且设空处不是作并列谓语而是作介词或动词(短语)的宾语时，应用非谓语动词； (2)利用逻辑主语和所给提示词的关系确定形式：主谓关系用doing/to do，动宾关系用being done/to be done。 2．牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构 (1)介词(如by、for、of、with、without、after等)之后加动词-ing 形式作宾语，注意“to”的身份识别； (2)常见只能跟不定式作宾语的动词：hope、wish、expect、agree、promise、demand、ask、refuse、manage、learn、decide/determine、pretend、choose、plan、offer、fail、afford、prepare、desire、happen等； (3)常见只能跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：enjoy、consider、escape、avoid、risk、appreciate、admit、mind、imagine、delay、allow、permit、finish、suggest、practise、 excuse、miss、go on、give up、put off、be devoted to、 insist on、 keep on、 succeed in、 be worth等； (4)be busy doing sth.、have difficulty/trouble/a hard time (in) doing sth.、spend time/money/energy (in) doing sth.。 语法填空满分攻略6：非谓语动词作状语和补语 [试做经典] 1．(2024•新高考全国卷Ⅱ)_________(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.” [答案] Recalling　考查非谓语动词。此句已有谓语动词said，recall与逻辑主语Edmondson之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。 2．(2023•新高考全国卷Ⅰ)No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left _________(want) more next time. [答案] wanting　考查非谓语动词。leave sb. doing sth.意为“让某人一直做某事”。 3．(2024•新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝).These sepals open on warm days _________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. [答案] to give　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式to give。 4．(2023•全国乙卷)_________(visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. [答案] Having visited　考查非谓语动词。结合句意及句中的状语several times over the last 10 years可知，visit所表示的动作已经发生多次，且发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 5．(2023•新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them _________(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. [答案] to be lifted　考查非谓语动词。空前的them指代上文的xiao long bao，此处表示“小笼包被从蒸笼里拿出来”。them与lift之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处构成allow sth. to be done结构。 如何确定非谓语动词作状语 1．逻辑关系分析法 (1)若主语与所给提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系：表示目的，应用to do；表示出乎意料的结果，应用only to do；表示时间/条件/原因/让步/伴随/自然而然的结果，应用doing； (2)若主语与所给提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系：表示动作还未发生，应用to be done；表示动作已经发生，应用done。 2．固定句型用法 (1)主语＋be＋形容词(easy、hard、pleasant等)＋to do, 句子主语与不定式之间是逻辑上的被动关系； (2)too＋adj./adv.＋to do、adj./adv.＋enough＋to do、so ＋adj./adv.＋as to do、such＋名词＋as to do等结构中，不定式作结果状语； (3)主语＋动词＋表示情绪的形容词(excited、happy、anxious、satisfied、delighted、angry等)＋to do，不定式作原因状语。 如何确定非谓语动词作补足语 1．逻辑关系分析法 (1)主语或宾语与所给提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系：doing/(to) do； (2)主语或宾语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系：被动完成 done；被动将来to be done；被动进行being done。 2．固定搭配和句型法 (1)to do作宾语补足语：allow、ask、beg、command、encourage、expect、forbid、invite、persuade、tell等＋sb. to do sth.；　 (2)用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)：“五”看；“三”使；“两”听；“一”感觉。“look at/see/watch/notice/observe，make/let/have, hear/listen to, feel”＋sb.＋do sth.； 注意：在被动语态中作主语补足语要还原to，如be made to do。 (3)have sb./sth. doing意为“让某人/某物一直做、允许/容许某人/某物做某事”； have sth. done意为“使某事被做、遭遇某事”； have sth. to do意为“有某事要做”； have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。 (4)with复合结构 ①“with＋宾语＋to do”，表示动作还未发生； ②“with＋宾语＋doing”，表示主动、动作正在进行； ③“with＋宾语＋done”，表示被动、动作已经完成。 语法填空满分攻略7：非谓语动词作定语 [试做经典] 1．(2023•新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Shanghai may be the _________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace. [答案] recognized　考查非谓语动词。此处表示“得到认可的小笼包的发源地”。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词home，且与home之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。 2．(2024•新高考全国卷Ⅱ)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017.Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, _________(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. [答案] inspired　考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词；inspire与逻辑主语a six-meter-tall pavilion之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语。 3．(2024•浙江卷1月)If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs _________(design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). [答案] design　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词design和逻辑主语packs之间为被动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词形式作后置定语。 4．(2024•新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The latest _________(engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. [答案] engineering　考查非谓语动词。空处修饰空后的名词techniques，在句中作定语，说明名词的作用，应用动名词engineering。 [技法点拨] 1．逻辑关系解题法——doing/being done/to do/to be done/done (1)表示被修饰词的用途，用doing，如sleeping train； (2)表示心理状态的动词-ing形式的形容词，意为“令人……的”； (3)动词-ed形式的形容词，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look、expression、tears、smile、voice等名词； 2．提示词解题法——to do (1)名词被the first/second等序数词、the last/only/next/right/形容词最高级修饰，且与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系； (2)被修饰的名词的同源动词用不定式作宾语：plan、promise、intention、hope、failure、attempt等； (3)被修饰的名词的同源形容词用不定式作状语：ability、eagerness、determination、patience等； (4)被修饰的名词是chance、opportunity、power、strength、struggle、right、idea、measure、effort等。 语法填空满分攻略8：非谓语动词作主语和表语 [试做经典] 1．(2022•浙江卷1月)_________(travel) to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like—frequently by plane—is viewed as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. [答案] Travelling　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词为is viewed，空处应用动词-ing形式作主语，单词位于句首，首字母应大写。 2．(2022•新高考全国卷Ⅰ改编)The GPNP's main goal is _________ (improve) connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild. [答案] to improve　考查非谓语动词。表示“目标”的词汇，如aim、goal、target等作主语时，通常用动词不定式作表语。 3．On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take _________(get) there. [答案] to get　考查固定句型。It takes (＋sb.) ＋some time＋to do sth.为固定句型。 4．It's no use _________(try) to persuade him to have a holiday because he is facing a challenge. [答案] trying　考查固定句型。“It's no use doing...”意为“做……是无用的”。 [技法点拨] 1．非谓语动词作主语 (1)句中缺少主语，找到句子的谓语部分，确定应用doing/to do作主语； (2)表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing，表示具体某一次的动作用to do； (3)掌握用doing/to do作主语的句型： ①It's＋adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(＋for/of sb.) ＋to do sth.； ②It's no use/no good/fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth.； ③It takes (＋sb.)＋some time/money＋to do sth.； 2．非谓语动词作表语 空前是系动词(be、get、feel、seem等)时，根据句子结构确定用不定式或分词作表语。 (1)现在分词作表语修饰物，意为“令人感到……的”； (2)过去分词作表语修饰人，意为“(人)感到……的”； (3)不定式作表语，表示将来或目的。 第二部分：词形转换 词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重要考查点。在解答此类题目时，一要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性：名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，前面可能会有冠词、形容词或者形容词性物主代词修饰；动词作谓语与非谓语；形容词作表语或作定语修饰名词；副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。二要根据标志词及语境确定比较等级。三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。 语法填空满分攻略9：如何判定是否考查词形转换 (2024•新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 57._________(function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel“sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). [解析]　第一步：确定是否考查词形转换。提示词为名词，空处与protective并列，修饰空后的名词structure，因此应考虑词形转换。 第二步：确定转换形式。根据语境及句子结构可知，空处应用形容词形式。 [答案]　functional [技法点拨] 第一步：确定是否考查词形转换 提示词为形容词、副词、名词或代词时，要考虑词形转换；提示词为动词，如果该动词在句中既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则要考虑动词词形转换。 第二步：确定转换形式 根据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析，最终确定正确的词性转换形式，确保名词单复数形式正确，副词、形容词比较等级形式转换正确。 语法填空满分攻略10：动词的词形转换 提示词为动词，如果该动词在句中既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则要考虑动词词形转换。动词转换成名词还是形容词，则要根据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析。 [试做经典] 1．(2024•新高考全国卷Ⅰ)In cold weather, the structure stays _________(close) to protect the plants. [答案] closed　考查形容词。空前的stays作系动词，空处作表语，表示“关闭的”，应用形容词closed。 2．(2024•全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the _________(complete) of their journey. [答案] completion　考查名词。根据前面的the和后面的of可知，空处应用名词completion。 3．(2024•浙江卷1月)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the _________(criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. [答案] criticism　考查名词。提示词为动词，根据空前的定冠词the及空后的定语从句“that they lead to waste”可知，空处应作because of的宾语，空处应用名词形式。 4．(2024•淄博一模)However, the stable water source ensures a _________(sustain) water supply to the spring. [答案] sustainable　考查形容词。设空处在a与名词water supply之间，应用形容词，作前置定语。 5．(2024•青岛二模)With a knife, thread, and toothpicks, he then refines it and eventually creates a lifelike and visually _________(strike) dough sculpture. [答案]striking　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词dough sculpture，应用形容词作定语。 [技法点拨] 1．如何判断填形容词 (1)作定语，修饰名词或复合不定代词； (2)作表语，表主语的性质或状态； (3) 作状语，说明主语的状态或心理感受； (4)作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语。 常见后缀 例　词 -able acceptable、 adaptable、 adjustable、 affordable等 -ed/-ing confused、 worried、 exciting、 encouraging等 -ive impressive、 instructive、 appreciative、 progressive等 -ful/-less doubtful、 forgetful、 thankful、 hopeless、 stainless等 2．如何判断填名词 (1)作表语，表明主语是“什么”，说明主语的身份、特征； (2)作主语、同位语或及物动词(短语)或介词(短语)的宾语； (3)作定语，说明被修饰词的材料、功能、时间、地点、内容、类别。 常见后缀 例　词 -ment development、achievement、argument、movement、amazement等 -ion/-tion/-ation relation、addiction、intention、determination、transportation、communication等 -ing meeting、greeting、drawing、painting、parking、writing等 -er/-or/-ar waiter、farmer、worker、teacher、reporter、sailor、survivor、liar、beggar等 -ance/-ence assistance、importance、performance、existence、acceptance等 -al survival、arrival、approval、refusal、proposal等 语法填空满分攻略11：名词的词形转换 名词的变化主要包括名词变复数、名词的词形变化和名词所有格。 [试做经典] 1．(2024•全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety. They are ________(treasure) of American heritage. [答案] treasures　考查名词复数。根据空前的are和空后的of可知，空处应用名词复数，表示它们是美国遗产中的珍宝。 2．(2023•全国甲卷)_________(difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. [答案] Different　考查形容词。be different from是固定短语，意为“与……不同”。此处作状语，应去掉be动词，且空处位于句首，单词首字母要大写。 3．(2024•新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Although they could never have met, there are common _________(theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. [答案] themes　考查名词复数。根据空前的there are可知，此处应用名词复数themes。 4．(2023•浙江卷1月)The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by _________(space) homes and walled gardens. [答案] spacious　考查形容词。空处修饰名词homes，需要用形容词作定语。 5．(2022•新高考全国卷Ⅱ)“He saved my _________(son) life，” said Mrs. Brown. [答案] son's　考查名词所有格。根据句意可知，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应用名词所有格。 [技法点拨] 1．名词的单复数 (1)若提示词为名词，则有以下情况时要考虑名词的复数： ①有数词或these、those、several、few、many、all、both、various、different等词修饰时用名词的复数形式； ②名词前有one of、 among时用名词的复数形式； ③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应用名词的复数形式。 (2)以o结尾的单词除了两人(Negro、hero)、两菜(tomato、potato)加es外，其余一般加s； (3)单复数同形：Chinese、Japanese、people、sheep、deer、fish等； (4)特殊变化：man→men、woman→women、tooth→teeth、foot→feet、child→children、mouse→mice等。 2．名词转换为形容词 提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。 常见后缀 例　词 -able honorable、 fashionable等 -al natural、 musical、 national、 personal等 -ful colourful、 meaningful、 useful、 careful等 -en wooden、 woolen、 golden、 earthen等 -y wealthy、 healthy、 rainy、 sunny等 3.名词的所有格 提示词与其后的名词是所属关系，应考虑名词的所有格。 (1)单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词，通常在词尾加's； (2)以s或es结尾的复数名词，通常在词尾加'。 语法填空满分攻略12：形容词、副词的词形转换 [试做经典] 1．(2023•浙江卷1月)The term “hutong”， _________(original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. [答案] originally　考查副词。空处修饰动词meaning，应用副词形式。 2．(2024•江苏决胜新高考5月联考)According to a survey, children's addiction to online games is closely related to parent-child relations: the better the relationship is, the _________(likely) a kid is to be addicted to online games. [答案] less likely　考查比较级。“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”为固定句式，意为“越……，就越……”。根据句意可知，此处应用形容词比较级less likely表示“较不可能的”。 3．(2024•苏州考前练习卷)Statistics show that the series has gained a rating of 7.9 out of 10 on the foreign review company IMDb and has accumulated 5 million views on one of the _________(popular) video platforms in the world. [答案] most popular　考查最高级。“one＋of＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”为固定结构，空处应用popular的最高级形式most popular，意为“最受欢迎的”。 4．(2024•潮州二模)This change led to food becoming more _________ (easy) available. [答案] easily　考查副词。空处修饰后面的形容词available，应用副词形式。 5．(2024•张家界二模)It found wider _________(popular) during the Ming and Qing dynasties when it was used to fend off diseases, insects, mosquitoes and preserve people's health. [答案] popularity　考查名词。wider为形容词，后接名词作宾语。 [技法点拨] 1．形容词、副词的词形转换 (1)分析句子结构发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时，应考虑用派生的副词形式或名词形式； (2)若空处作定语、表语，则应考虑用形容词形式； (3)若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应考虑用副词形式； (4)若空处在介词后，则应考虑用名词形式作宾语。 2．形容词变副词规律 (1)一般形容词变副词直接在其后加ly，如：quick →quickly、anxious→ anxiously； (2)以e结尾的形容词一般不去e，直接加ly，如：immediate→immediately、brave→bravely (例外：true→truly)； (3)一些以le结尾的形容词去e加y，如：simple→simply、 possible→possibly (例外：whole→wholly)； (4)“辅音字母＋y”结尾，变y为i，再加ly，如：happy→happily、 easy→easily (例外：shy→ shyly)； (5)以ic结尾的形容词加ally，如：economic→economically、 basic→basically (例外：public→publicly)； (6)以ll结尾的形容词在其后加y，如：full→fully、 dull →dully。 3．形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级 (1)利用标志词确定比较等级 ①句中有much、far、still、even、rather、a little、a bit、a lot、a great deal、than等标志词时用比较级； ②空后有表示范围的标志词in、of、among等时用最高级。 (2)利用固定句型 ①“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”意为“越……，就越……”； ②“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义； ③句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较，也需要用比较级或最高级。 语法填空满分攻略13：代词的词形转换 [试做经典] 1．(2023•新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of _________(they) contents. [答案] their　考查代词。此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰空后的名词contents，表示“不会使包子开裂，或者溢出包子里的任何东西”。 2．(2024•全国甲卷)What should be done with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with _________(it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. [答案] its　考查形容词性物主代词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的beauty，应用形容词性物主代词its。 3．(2024•浙江卷1月)Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking _________(one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well. [答案] ones　考查代词。代词one意为“(在某类人中的)一个”，其前有some of限定修饰，应用one的复数形式。 4．(2024•郴州三模)Octopuses (章鱼) have the amazing ability to hide _________(they) in their environments, using unique organs in their skin that can shrink and expand within seconds. [答案] themselves　考查代词。当宾语和主语所指相同时，宾语应用反身代词；此处指“章鱼自己”，应用反身代词themselves。 5．(2024•厦门质检)His mother jokingly asked _________(he) whether the sugar was sweet, and he said, “Yes, it is sweet enough.” [答案] him　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作asked的宾语，应用he的宾格形式him。 [技法点拨] 提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下空处所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。 1．若分析句子结构发现提示词作主语，则应考虑人称代词的主格形式； 2．若分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语，则应考虑人称代词的宾格形式； 3．若分析句子结构发现提示词作定语，则应考虑形容词性物主代词； 4．若分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，则应考虑反身代词。 语法项目(一)　冠　词 冠词是高考语法填空的常考点，经常考查不定冠词a、an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解答此类题目时，空后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指含义时，要考虑不定冠词a/an；有序数词、最高级、表示特指或特指意义的比较级等形式时，要考虑定冠词the；空处前后的词与冠词构成的固定搭配要牢记。 语法填空满分攻略14：如何判定填冠词 [典例呈现] (2024•新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61._________ first time. [解析]　第一步：确定是否填冠词。分析句子结构可知，空后有名词time。 第二步：判断是特指还是泛指。for the first time是固定搭配，意为“第一次”。 [答案]　the [技法点拨] 第一步：确定是否填冠词 分析句子结构，看空后是否有名词。 第二步：判断是特指还是泛指 1．若空后有可数名词单数，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑用不定冠词a/an； 2．若空后有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑用定冠词the； 3．看看是不是固定搭配。 语法填空满分攻略15：冠词的基本用法 [试做经典] 1．(2023•新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The meat should be fresh with _________ touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious. [答案] a　考查冠词。a touch of是固定搭配，意为“少许、微量”。 2．(2023•浙江卷1月)In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect _________ culture of grassroots Beijingers. [答案] the　考查冠词。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知，此处culture表示特指概念，应用定冠词the修饰。 3．(2022•全国甲卷)_________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. [答案] A　考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母应大写。 4．(2022•新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Covering an area about three times _________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. [答案] the　考查冠词。此处用the，构成倍数表达法：倍数＋the size of＋名词。 5．(2024•浙江卷1月)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, _________ other stays fresh. [答案] the　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空后省略了名词section。the other意为“另一个”，为固定搭配，空处应用定冠词。 [技法点拨] 1．两个口诀巧判用the还是a/an (1)用定冠词the的情况： 特指双方熟悉，上文已提及，世上独一无二，专有名词、西洋乐器、序数词或最高级前； (2)用不定冠词a/an的情况： 泛指一类人或物，与one同义表“一”，和序数词一起表“又一、再一”。 2．五种可能填冠词的情况 (1)填不定冠词a/an的情况： ①a/an＋单数可数名词； ②a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词。 (2)填定冠词the的情况： ①the(＋定语)＋名词＋of等介词短语； ②the(＋定语)＋名词＋定语从句； ③the(＋定语)＋名词＋不定式/分词短语。 3．根据固定搭配或用法确定冠词 (1)不定冠词用在固定搭配中，如： catch a cold、 have a fever、 all of a sudden、 as a matter of fact、 as a result、 have a gift for、 make a living、 give sb. a lift、 have a good knowledge of等； (2)定冠词用在固定搭配中，如： at the same time、 on the contrary、 to tell the truth、 in the distance、 make the most/best of、 on the spot等； (3)动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位； (4)a＋比较级(＋名词)，表示“一个更……的人或物”。 语法项目(二)　代　词 语法填空满分攻略16：如何判定填代词 [典例呈现] (2024•福州第二次质检)I feel 65._________ our responsibility to communicate about the charm of the primitive inscription with the younger generations and foreigners. [解析]　第一步：确定是否填代词。动词feel后缺少宾语，且空后没给提示词，故需要填代词。 第二步：确定代词的种类和形式。句子真正的宾语是不定式，空处应用it作形式宾语，feel it our responsibility to do sth.意为“觉得做某事是我们的责任”。 [答案]　it [技法点拨] 第一步：确定是否填代词 分析句子结构，发现句子缺少形式主语或形式宾语时，应考虑用it。 第二步：判断是否指代上文中提到的人或物 分析句子结构，发现指代上文中所提到的人或物时，应考虑用相应的代词。 语法填空满分攻略17：代词的基本用法 [试做经典] 1．(2024•淄博一模)It's extremely dry here, with the amount of annual evaporation (蒸发) being more than 60 times _________ of the annual rainfall. [答案]that　考查代词。此处意为“年降雨量”，是同类异物特指，空处用代词that替代前面提到的the amount。 2．(2024•齐鲁名校联盟联考)Even so, _________ was not until the Republic of China era in the 1910s that there were some noticeable results in promoting a common unified language in China. [答案]it　考查固定句型。“It was not until...that...”是强调句型，意为“直到……才……”。 3．(2024•泰安三模)The authors say, “_________ is time to start understanding and discussing AI's potential.” [答案]It　考查固定句型。“it is time to do sth.”意为“是做某事的时候了”。 4．(2024•宁波4月模拟)Once the performance starts, the actor keeps pulling down one mask after _________ in swift movements to convey different emotions. [答案]another　考查固定搭配。one after another是固定搭配，意为“一个又一个、一个接一个”。 5．(2024•重庆八中二模)Studies at Harvard Business School show that though some individuals may be more creative than _________， almost every individual can be creative in the right circumstances. [答案]others　考查代词。“some...others...”是固定搭配，意为“一些……其他……”，根据句中some individuals可知，空处应用others，表示“其他人”。 6．(2024•蚌埠质检)It was one of the three nationwide celebrations back then. The _________ two were Lantern Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. [答案]other　考查代词。根据空前一句的句意可知，空处所在句表示“另外两个是元宵节和中秋节”，空处意为“其他的”，用other。 [技法点拨] 1．句意清，指代明 当句中缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填代词。 (1)如果空前出现了可数名词单数或不可数名词，并且空处作主语，可根据指代的情况用he、she或it； (2)如果空前出现了可数名词单数或不可数名词，并且空处作宾语，可根据指代的情况用him、her或it； (3)如果空前出现了可数名词复数，并且空处作主语，用they； (4)如果空前出现了可数名词复数，并且空处作宾语，用them。 2．it的用法 (1)指代天气、时间、距离等； (2)代替上文提到过的事物； (3)it可作形式主语或形式宾语； (4)it常用的固定用法： ①It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他； ②when it comes to...当谈到……； ③as sb. puts it正如某人所说； ④make it成功；take it easy别紧张；go it加油；get it明白 3．熟记常见代词的区别 (1)二者选其一用either；二者都不选用neither； (2)若表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另外一个”用another；若表示“(两者中的)另一个”用the other，常用结构：one...the other...；若表示“其余的、另外的”，在名词前用other；若泛指“其他人”或“其他物”，不跟名词且指代复数，用others，常用结构：some...others...； (3)若指代上文出现的可数名词单数或不可数名词则用that；若指代可数名词复数用those； (4)若指代前面出现过的某类事物中的“一个”用one；若指代复数形式用ones。 语法填空满分攻略18：如何判定填介词 [典例呈现] (2024•新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The Glasshouse stands 63._________ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that/which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. [解析]　第一步：确定是否填介词。分析句子结构，发现空后的名词achievement在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语，其前应填介词。 第二步：根据句意及固定搭配确定答案。分析句子结构，发现空处在不及物动词stand后名词achievement前，应考虑动词与介词的搭配；再根据句意“该玻璃温室作为当代设计的伟大成就而存在”可知，此处为stand as，意为“作为……存在”。 [答案]　as [技法点拨] 第一步：确定是否填介词 分析句子结构，发现名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般填介词。 第二步：根据句意及固定搭配确定答案 1．分析句子结构，发现空格在名词前后时，应考虑名词与介词的搭配； 2．分析句子结构，发现空格在不及物动词后名词前时，应考虑动词与介词的搭配； 3．分析句子结构，发现空格在形容词后名词前时，应考虑形容词与介词的搭配。 语法填空满分攻略19：介词(短语)的基本用法 [试做经典] 1．(2023•全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility _________ saving their environment. [答案]for　考查介词。take responsibility for是固定搭配，意为“对……负责”。 2．(2023•浙江卷1月)Thanks to Beijing's long history _________ the capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events. [答案]as　考查介词。根据句意可知，as是介词，意为“作为”，符合句意。 3．(2024•新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Some of the things that Tang was writing about were also Shakespeare's concerns. I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways _________ Romeo and Juliet. [答案]to　考查介词。分析句子结构可知，空处在形容词similar后名词Romeo and Juliet前，应考虑形容词与介词的搭配；再根据句意“《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似”可知，此处为be similar to，意为“与……相似”。 4．(2024•全国甲卷)This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved _________ all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. [答案]for　考查介词。分析句子结构可知，空处在不及物动词preserve后名词people前，应考虑动词与介词的搭配；再根据句意“要妥善保护这个地区，以供全国人民欣赏”可知，此处表示“为了”。 5．(2024•盐城第三次模拟)A research center has also been established, _________experts from home and overseas jointly providing suggestions for their protection. [答案]with　考查介词。“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”为固定结构，空处应用介词with。 [技法点拨] 1．辨逻辑，联想恰当介词 (1)表示时间的in、on和at ①in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等； ②on表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等； ③at表示某个时间点、时刻等。 (2)表示交通方式的by和on/in ①by后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名词，名词前不加冠词； ②on/in后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。 (3)表示“用……”的by、in和with ①by＋交通工具/通信工具，也可表方式，如：by car/train/air/sea/letter/email/phone/hand； ②in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前； ③with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。 (4)for：①(表示去向)往、向，如：leave for(动身去……)；②为得到、为获取；③表示一段时间，如：for two years (两年)；④因为、由于；⑤就……而言。 (5)beyond：①在……另一边；②在……更远处；③超出、非……所能及。 (6)as用作介词，意为“作为”，常用于一些动词之后，如：work as(从事……工作)、serve as(可用作……)、 act as(担任、充当……)。 (7)despite/in spite of意为“尽管”。 2．依据句式和搭配填介词 (1)与动词搭配，如：mistake...for... (把……误认为……)、devote...to...(致力于……)。 (2)与名词或代词搭配，如：(a) lack of (缺乏……)、on one's own/by oneself(靠自己)。 (3)与形容词搭配，如：be absent from (缺席)、be curious about (对……感到好奇)。 (4)其他搭配，如：from...to...(从……到……)、between...and...(在……和……之间)。 (5)介词短语，如：by accident (偶然)、in trouble (处于困境中)、in turn(依次，转而)。 语法填空满分攻略20：数词的基本用法 [试做经典] 1．(2023•全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop's fables date to the _________(six) century B．C． [答案]sixth　考查数词。空前有定冠词the，空后是名词century，所以空处填序数词sixth。 2．(2024•龙岩3月质检)Li Xingchang, 68, is the _________(eight) inheritor in his family. [答案]eighth　考查数词。空前有定冠词the，空后是名词inheritor，所以空处填序数词eighth。 3．There I met a gentleman by the name of Kurien in his late _________(eighty). [答案]eighties　考查数词。in one's late eighties意为“在某人快九十岁时”。 4．Back in the _________(ninety), he would remain at the zoo for almost three months to stay with the pandas during the breeding season. [答案]nineties　考查数词。根据句意可知，此处表示“在九十年代”，空处应用nineties。 5．It is reported that the floods have left _________(thousand) of people homeless. [答案]thousands　考查数词。thousands of意为“数以千计的”。 [技法点拨] 1．基数词变序数词规律 (1)一般由基数词加th构成，如：sixth、seventh、tenth、eleventh、hundredth； (2)以y结尾的基数词，先把y变为ie，再加th，如：twentieth、thirtieth； (3)不规则变形，如：first、second、third、fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth等。 2．年龄、年代表达法 (1)表达“在某人几十多岁”时，用“in one's＋整十基数词的复数”，如：in one's fifties(在某人五十多岁时)； (2)表达“在几十年代”时，用“in the＋整十基数词的复数”， 如：in the thirties(在三十年代)。 语法项目(四)　连　词 对连词的考查主要涉及并列连词和三大从句，是高考语法填空的重点和难点，也是学生的易错点。分析句子成分，牢记从句规则用法是解题的关键。 语法填空攻满分略21：如何判定填连词 [典例呈现] (2024•新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Recalling watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 65._________see how Tang's play was being performed.” [解析]　第一步：判断是否填连词。分析句子结构可知，短语hear the Chinese language和see how Tang's play was being performed之间存在逻辑关系。 第二步：确定具体的连词。分析句子结构可知，短语hear the Chinese language和see how Tang's play was being performed之间是并列关系，应填and。 [答案]　and [技法点拨] 第一步：确定并列连词 如果两个单词、短语、分句之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系时，填并列连词。 第二步：确定引导词 如果空处引导从句，则首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句，然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。 语法填空满分攻略22：并列连词 [试做经典] 1．(2023•全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, _________somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. [答案] but/yet　考查连词。根据句意可知，前后分句间是转折关系，应用but或yet。 2．(2023•浙江卷1月)During China's dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing _________arranged the residential areas according to social classes. [答案] and　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示并列关系，应用连词and连接。 3．(2024•浙江卷1月)The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you're shopping for one, buying extra to benefit from price reductions doesn't make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home _________you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh. [答案]or　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空前后两个分句之间是选择关系。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，为固定用法。 4．Weak and dizzy, I was about to fall to the ground _________someone took hold of me. [答案]when　考查连词。“be about to do...when...”为固定句型，意为“正要做……这时……”。 5．Hardly had we arrived at the farm _________we saw many oranges hanging from the branches. [答案]when　考查连词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处为固定句型“hardly...when...”，意为“一……就……”。 [技法点拨] 1．关系分析法 分析空格前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪个连词。 (1)表示并列或递进关系的连词有and、both...and...、neither...nor...、 not only...but (also)...等； (2)表示选择关系的连词有or、either...or...等； (3)表示转折或对比关系的连词有but、 while、 not...but...等； (4)表示因果关系的连词有so、 for等。 2．特定句型法 (1)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句 (2)be doing...when... 正在做……，这时…… be about to do...when... 正要做……，这时…… had just done...when... 刚做完……，这时…… hardly...when... 一……就…… 语法填空满分攻略23：定语从句 [试做经典] 1．(2024•新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念)Tang Xianzu, _________is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”，add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. [答案] who　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指人，先行词是Tang Xianzu，故应用who引导。 2．(2024•全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. [答案] which　考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是Wrangell-Saint Elias，应用which。 3．(2024•新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route _________brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. [答案] that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为表示物的名词短语the Silk Route，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that/which。 4．(2024•淄博一模)The Crescent Spring, _________terrain and landscape are really distinctive, has become a romantic scenic spot. [答案] whose　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The Crescent Spring，空处在从句中作定语，修饰名词terrain and landscape，应用关系代词whose。 5．(2024•滨州二模)The barbecue craze in Zibo began on March 8, 2023, _________a group of college students rode a high-speed train to the city to eat skewers. [答案] when　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词March 8，2023，且从句缺少时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。 [技法点拨] 第一步：确定是定语从句 分析句子结构，空处无提示词，空后的句子不完整，且对空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。 第二步：分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 在先行词的后面出现逗号的往往是非限制性定语从句。 1．that、 why不能引导非限制性定语从句； 2．which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容，可在从句中充当实义动词的主语； 3．as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首、句中或句末，意为“正如”。 第三步：寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间、地点还是原因) 1．先行词指人用that、who、whom、whose； 2．先行词指物用that、which、whose； 3．表示时间、地点、原因用when、where、why。　 第四步：判断从句中所缺成分，确定关系词 1．缺少主语用that、which、who； 2．缺少动词的宾语用that、which、who、whom； 3．缺少介词的宾语用whom、which； 4．缺少定语用whose； 5．缺少时间、地点或原因状语用when、where、why。 语法填空满分攻略24：名词性从句 [试做经典] 1．(2023•新高考全国卷Ⅱ) They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is _________they need an English trainer. [答案] why　考查表语从句。根据句意可知，此处考查固定句型“This is why...”，意为“这就是……的原因。” 2．(2024•全国甲卷)On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in _________is now northwestern Wyoming. They were part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. [答案] what　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在宾语从句中作主语，应用what。 3．(2024•海南高三学业水平诊断)There is no doubt _________China's AI industry will have an infinitely bright future. [答案] that　考查同位语从句。“there is no doubt that...”为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”，其中that引导同位语从句，起解释说明的作用。 4．(2024•广东名校5月模拟)We are so casual and careless about _________we use things around us to make us fun, but it is important for our happiness and health. [答案] how　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，应用连接副词how引导。 5．(2024•大连二模)She has been working hard at her art since the age of two; that was _________Wang Shi Chiang first became aware of his daughter's interest in painting. [答案] when　考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少时间状语，应用when。 [技法点拨] 1．两个技巧搞定名词性从句 (1)分析句子成分 ①从句中不缺任何成分且句子意义完整，应考虑that引导同位语从句、表语从句或宾语从句，此时that没有词义，也不作任何成分； ②从句中不缺任何成分，但句意中缺少“是否”的意思时，则应考虑whether引导各种名词性从句；if引导及物动词后的宾语从句； ③从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，考虑用连接代词what、who、whom、which、whatever等； ④从句中缺少状语，考虑用连接副词where、when、how、why等。 (2)结合句意和引导词的本义解题 有些引导词在句中有很鲜明的意义，如whether/if (是否)、whoever (任何人)、whatever (任何事)、because (因为)、why (为什么)等。结合句意和语境，不难解决这类试题。 2．掌握常见的it句型 (1)It be＋形容词＋主语从句； (2)It be＋过去分词＋that从句； (3)It be＋名词词组(a pity、a surprise、a good news)＋that从句。 3．牢记that和what的区别 (1)that没有词义，且在从句中不作任何成分； (2)what在从句中表示“……的(东西等)”(有时可以不译)，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。 语法填空满分攻略25：状语从句 [试做经典] 1．(2024•潍坊一模)However, she had just made major progress in livestreaming _________her condition worsened to the edge of death. [答案]when　考查状语从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处引导状语从句，表示“当……时”，应用when引导。 2．(2024•江苏前黄中学一模)There is so much to take in _________disciples (学徒) usually start their career as young children，spending years conditioning their bodies and minds for the stage. [答案]that　考查状语从句。此处为“so...that...”句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。 3．(2024•安徽皖江联盟最后一卷)_________historic and natural wonders are still the priorities, Chinese tourists now prefer a more rural experience. [答案]Though/Although/While　考查状语从句。根据句中的“Chinese tourists now prefer a more rural experience”可知，逗号前的内容为让步状语从句，空处表示“尽管”，应填Though或Although或While。 4．(2024•重庆高考模拟调研)Kam Waihi shaved her hair on May 12 in recognition of her friend Kathi Tait, who has been dealing with alopecia areata (斑秃)_________she was nine years old. [答案] since　考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，“she was nine years old”是时间状语从句，结合其前的现在完成进行时“has been dealing with”可知，此处应用since引导时间状语从句，表示动作的起点。 5．($$