上海市嘉定区中光高级中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期中英语试卷

2024学年第二学期期中考试 高二 英语试卷 总分：140分 考试时间：120分钟 命题人：贺萍 审核人：王海英 第I卷（共90分） I. Listening Comprehension Section A （10分） Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. In a café. B. At a chemist’s C. In a garage. D. At a grocery. 2. A. Frank. B. Rude. C. Determined. D. Sensitive. 3. A. A hairdresser. B. An insurance agent. C. A police officer. D. A waitress. 4. A. The man has finished his project. B. The man is willing to help the woman. C. The man will let Bob chat with the woman. D. The man is losing patience with the woman. 5. A. He has already quit his job. B. He admires Lori’s decision. C. He will soon travel around the world. D. He thinks that Lori needs more courage. 6. A. Prioritizing their tasks. B. Re-assessing the time they need. C. Seeking out additional assistance. D. Extending the deadline of the project. 7. A. She needs to decide on a method soon. B. She doesn’t have time to collect the data. C. She prefers to wait until after the election. D. She’ll send out the questionnaire in a month. 8. A. He needs a new calendar. B. He has put forward a new proposal. C. He is looking forward to the meeting. D. He is going to send the woman an email. 9. A. Managing the meeting time more effectively. B. Finding more topics to discuss at the meeting. C. Encouraging more people to attend the meeting. D. Persuading the meeting organizer to change the schedule. 10. A. Suggesting the man wear a funny hat for his presentation. B. Recommending the man to focus on the audience’s clothes. C. Advising the man to make his presentation more humorous. D. Giving advice on how to feel less tense during a presentation. Section B（15 分） Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. How using phones while walking can lead to accidents. B. Potential effects of multitasking on personal efficiency. C. The importance of caring about our surroundings in crowded areas. D. A study on the formation of walking lanes among large groups of people. 12. A. To observe effects of phone use. B. To study people’s habit of texting. C. To find out who are most likely to be distracted. D. To explore why others’ behaviors impact individuals. 13. A. People prefer to walk without forming lanes. B. Texting while walking increases personal efficiency. C. Phone use had no significant effect on walking pace. D. Distracted walkers caused the entire group to slow down. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following report. 14. A. The history and the development of the envelope. B. The modern method to study letterlocked messages. C. The invention of the X-ray machine and its applications. D. The discovery and analysis of a lost 17th-century letter. 15. A. By folding it into certain patterns. B. By leaving a personal stamp on it. C. By delivering it to the receiver in person. D. By sealing it with a mysterious substance. 16. A. Most such messages have been lost over time. B. X-ray machines fail to show the text inside them. C. The language used is difficult to understand. D. Opening them can cause damage to them. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. They use electricity to enhance memory. B. They deliver some stimulation to the brain. C. They cool down the brain to improve function. D. They monitor certain types of brain waves. 18. A. They are too expensive and thus unaffordable. B. They can just be used by medical professionals. C. They may not be as safe as those used in research studies. D. They are too complicated to use without professional help. 19. A. It is only helpful for certain conditions. B. It is effective for everyone who takes it. C. It is safe to take without a doctor’s guidance. D. It has been banned due to its risky side effects. 20. A. Enthusiastic. B. Progressive. C. Pessimistic. D. Cautious. II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A （10分） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. What is the minimum difference a species must show in order to be classed as a new species? This is less straightforward than it seems. The concept of species, as a way of classifying animals and plants, (21) _____ (rely) on finding some feature that all members of that species share, and which is unique to them. This works pretty well for many organisms, but species (22) _____ (put) together continually or split into two as biologists search for the perfect classification system. There are currently at least 26 different ways (23) _____ (define) the concept of a species. Some consider physical or genetic similarity, while others consider whether populations interbreed (杂交繁殖)—or whether they could if they weren’t separated by a geographical barrier, such as a mountain range or ocean. Other definitions of species focus on the evolutionary history of the organism, grouping species according to (24) _____ recently they shared a common ancestor. (25) _____ _____ biologists could agree on a single definition of a species, identifying a point at which a new species is created would still be difficult. Theoretically, the minimum difference could be single mutated (变异) gene, marking a fork in the evolutionary tree (26) _____ one species splits into two. However, biologists almost certainly wouldn’t recognize the creation of the new species until later, when the genetic mutation appeared as a difference in the way the animal looked or behaved. The (27) _____ (close) we’ve come to this was probably in 2016, when researchers at the Janelia Research Campus in Virginia artificially altered the genome (基因组) of a species of Drosophila fruit fly. This change to a single gene altered the frequency of the courtship ‘song’ (28) _____ (produce) by the male fly. The insects (29) _____ (carry) this gene could still mate with the wild population, so they couldn’t be considered a separate species by most definitions. But they preferred to mate with similarly mutated flies, and if this mutation had occurred in the wild, it’s possible that this might have resulted (30) _____ the evolution of a new species. Section B （10分） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. adventures B. companions C. lighting D. gentle E. inspiring F. isolated G. patterns H. surrounded I. warmth J. natural K. welcoming A Writer’s Home Every year, Ava MacKinnon, who writes about nature and the environment, looks forward to spending time in her home in the Scottish Highlands. It’s a special spot where she feels at peace, 31 by nature’s beauty. Her little cottage near Loch Affric isn’t just a place to stay; it’s where her heart feels most at home, away from the noise and rush of cities. It’s her perfect spot for writing. In this quiet part of the world, Ava wakes up to the cheerful music of the birds and the 32 light of the morning sun streaming in. She writes her stories on an old, reliable typewriter. Everything she sees around her, from the local wildlife to the delicate 33 made by frost on the glass, captures her imagination and becomes part of her writing. For Ava, 34 and stories don’t require a long journey. They are right outside her door, in the forest, by the lake, and in the mountains. She takes these experiences and weaves them into her work, helping others see the beauty and importance of the 35 world. In the afternoons, Ava often goes for walks. The quiet paths by the lake and the rustling (沙沙作响的) leaves are like friends, sharing their secrets and 36 her next piece. This connection to nature is what makes her writing so special. When the day starts to fade, Ava finds 37 and comfort in her cottage. The fire and the taste of hot tea are her evening 38 . She reflects on the day’s writing and gathers her thoughts for the next day. Although she enjoys being alone, she doesn’t feel 39 . The local community is friendly and 40 , and their histories enrich her own stories, adding a sense of time to her environmental messages. III. Reading Comprehension Section A （15分） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. I decided to retire my personal social website account. It all began with a detailed review of my own Instagram account. I worked out that more than 80 per cent of the photos I had posted featured my 41 . In some ways this seemed 42 . If social websites are for a simple game of showing off, these two are clearly my pride. Next, however, I examined my husband’s post for 43 . In real life, he loves the kids no less than I do. Yet between his two social website accounts, they featured in only about 25 per cent of his photos. The 44 was split between a) kitchens he had designed and b) vinyl (黑胶) records he had purchased (the former being his job, the latter his addiction). We divide our time between work and childcare in comparable proportions. Yet the 45 suggested by our online selves was quite different. According to Katrin Tiidenberg, associate professor of social media and visual culture at Tallinn University, who is publishing a forthcoming book called Sex and Social Media, this is because men and women often have different 46 for sharing information on social media. When my husband posted a photo of Bruce Springsteen’s Nebraska on vinyl, his aim was 47 , my conversation with Tiidenberg implied. As the words on his post suggested, he mainly wanted the world to know that the 1982 album is: “so good”. When I posted a photo of our daughter eating fish fingers in fancy dress, sure, I was 48 . She looked amazing. I was hoping that her star quality might reflect, just a little, on me. But according to Tiidenberg: “Women tend to use social media as a tool to maintain their social 49 . They take those into account when they post and when deciding how they post.” A photo of a five-year-old in fancy-dress, 50 , doesn’t just say: “so good”. It can, meanwhile, say: “Hello godmother, who we feel guilty for cancelling on the other day”, “Hello cousins, who are now in Australia and feel a little disconnected...” Tiidenberg is careful to stress that she’s “not making any essentialist argument” about women and men’s 51 for either type of content. Instead, she argues, women have always been trained to take responsibility for cultivating and managing social networks: “They’re told it’s what they’re 52 .” In the distant pre-digital past, women were 53 guardians of the family photo album. And even today, says Tiidenberg, a division of 54 labor endures within many families in our offline worlds: “Who remembers people’s birthdays, sends your mother a card and buys the Christmas presents?” The knowledge that I had also 55 responsibility for the online equivalent made me feel angry. 41. A. children B. work C. addiction D. hobbies 42. A. strange B. unnecessary C. possible D. natural 43. A. information B. development C. consideration D. comparison 44. A. reality B. remainder C. knowledge D. visibility 45. A. direction B. balance C. reason D. manner 46. A. techniques B. requirements C. procedures D. motivations 47. A. true B. correct C. simple D. vague 48. A. showing off B. taking on C. setting out D. looking aside 49. A. positions B. services C. ties D. aims 50. A. at the beginning B. in other words C. on the whole D. by contrast 51. A. preferences B. demands C. support D. search 52. A. unaware of B. afraid of C. present at D. good at 53. A. unusually B. doubtfully C. typically D. contrarily 54. A. emotional B. casual C. domestic D. physical 55. A. denied B. shifted C. assumed D. stressed  Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A We the people have always been helplessly drawn to the concept of magic. We’ve spent billions of dollars for the opportunity to see what real magic might look like, in the form of Harry Potter movies, superhero films and TV shows, from Bewitched on down. It should follow, then, that any time you can offer real magical powers for sale, the public will buy it. That’s exactly what’s been going on in consumer technology. Remember Arthur C. Clarke’s most famous line? “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Anything invisible and wireless, anything that we control with our hands or our voices, anything we can operate over impossible distances— those are the hits because they most resemble magic. You can now change the temperature in your bedroom from thousands of miles away or call up a show on your TV screen by speaking its name or type on your phone by speaking to it. Magic. For decades the wisdom in product design has been to “make it simpler to operate” and “make it easier for the consumer”. And those are admirable goals, for sure. Some of the biggest technical advancements in the past 30 years- miniaturization, wireless, touch screens, artificial intelligence, robotics — have been committed to “simpler” and “easier”. But that’s not enough to feel magical. Real tech magic is simplicity plus awe. The most exciting technology-GPS apps telling you when to turn, your Amazon Echo answering questions for you, your phone letting you pay for something by waving it at that product-feel kind of awesome every single time. The awe component is important. It’s the difference between magic and mere convenience. You could say to your butler, “Jeeves, lock all the doors” and yes, that’d be convenient. But saying, “Alexa, lock all the doors,” and then hearing the deadbolts (锁芯) all over the house click by themselves? Same convenience, but this time it’s magical. 56. The first paragraph is intended to___________. A. highlight the concept of magic B. show human beings’ craze about magic C. reveal what magic looks like in our life D. introduce some magical films and TV shows 57. The pronoun “that” (paragraph 5) refers to __________. A. products being simpler and easier B. technical advancement in history C. changing wisdom in product design D. popular technology development 58. What contributes to real tech magic? A. The real sense of simplicity. B. The feeling of amazement. C. The emphasis on convenience. D. The widespread use of voice. 59. What does the author use in the last paragraph to illustrate his opinion? A. Reasoning. B. Comparison. C. Quotation. D. Statistics. B A scientist’s guide to Spring Cleaning ①________ It depends on how much you care about the effects that cleaning can have. We’ve done research into this. In one study, people completed tasks in tidy or untidy rooms, then had the option to donate to charity. We found that those in tidy room were more likely to donate. Cleaning seems to make you more likely to act in a way that is more upstanding and consistent with social norms. Can I still get psychological benefits of cleaning if I pay someone else to do it? Absolutely. You don’t have to be the person that does all the tidying in order for your behaviour to change. A neat house can have an effect on everyone in the household. My teenage daughter argues that she can’t help being messy. Should I let her off tidying her room? Some people are habitually messy, but that’s not always a bad thing. In another study, we had our subjects sit in clean or messy rooms while dreaming up new uses for ping pong balls. We found that people from the messy rooms were more creative and innovative with their ideas. Now I have an excuse for the state of my house. But when should I worry that things are too messy? Speaking from a personal perspective, you should start to worry if the mess is preventing you from getting things done in an efficient manner. There’s a concept called ‘household chaos’. Suppose your two shoes are never in the same place. If you have to run around and find the missing shoe, it could cause problems in your everyday life. That’s when things start to get too messy. ②__________ If you find you’ve thrown things away that you later realise you need, or if being too tidy gets in the way of enjoying social interactions. I remember going to a colleague’s house that was spotless, with white carpets and a white couch, and I found that I just couldn’t relax. ③__________ Try ‘cleaning purgatory’. Before I throw out anything that I think I may regret, I put in a holding bin. It sits there for a month. If I don’t get back to it then it has to go. 60. Some headings are missing in the passage. Match the following headings with the proper paragraphs. Note there is one more than you need. a. How do I know what to get rid of? b. Should I bother with the spring cleaning? c. How do I know I’m too tidy? d. what do you think of being too tidy? A. ①a ②c ③b B. ①b ②d ③c C. ①b ②c ③a D. ①a ②d ③b 61. What effect does cleaning have on people? A. It inspires people’s creativity. B. It makes people more generous. C. It costs people too much time. D. It gets people to work less efficiently. 62. What suggestion is given in the passage? A. Don’t let the mess take over. B. Associate cleanliness and order with morality. C. Help young children develop a habit of tidiness. D. Better not ask anyone else to do the cleaning for you. C Cognitive Processing Therapy(CPT), a long-term psychological therapy, is a specific type of cognitive behavioral therapy which reduces post-traumatic stress disorder (创伤后应激障碍) symptoms after natural disasters. Typically, CPT is delivered over 12 sessions to help patients learn how to modify negative attitudes and practices related to their trauma. The goal is that the patient then creates a new, more positive view and understanding of the traumatic event, which reduces on-going negative effects on the patient’s current life. It specifically focuses on the core trauma themes of safety, trust, power and control, etc. Delivered both individually and in structured group sessions, it allows for multiple different paths to receive effective treatments. In some studies, it has shown to be helpful in cases where medicine alone has not worked. Because CPT focuses on retraining thoughts and behaviors to form practical strategies that can be applied to everyday life. Compared to other talk-therapies, it has been especially successful, because it can be completed in a brief period of time, allowing for a lower patient dropout rate. It also enhances brain connectivity, which lessens long-term impacts of trauma. This increased connectivity is why cognitive behavioral therapy is often argued to be more effective than medicine. On the other hand, there are also multiple disadvantages to CPT. Due to its structured nature, it may not be suitable for people with more complex mental health needs or learning difficulties. Additionally, since it involves facing up to emotions and fears, patients may experience initial periods of additional anxiety or discomfort. Some therapists also argue that because it only addresses current problems and specific issues it does not address possible fundamental causes of mental health conditions, and because it focuses on the individual’s capacity to change themselves it does not address wider system problems that have a significant impact on a patient’s health and well-being. However, focusing mainly on post-natural disasters, regardless of pre-disaster health, CPT has been repeatedly proven to be a rather successful treatment approach. Although there have not been studies generalizing CPT for children, it is an effective treatment for adults. The clear effectiveness of CPT demonstrates the importance of patient-specific therapies that are unique to the experiences of individual patients. 63. According to the passage, CPT is intended to help patients _________. A. learn how to modify various negative attitudes and practices B. cultivate a positive view and understanding of the traumatic events C. minimize on-going negative effects on their previous and current life D. focus on the core trauma themes of safety, trust, power, control, etc. 64. Compared with other talk-therapies, what feature contributes to the effectiveness of CPT? A. Its multiple treating assignments. B. Its applicable strategies in daily life. C. Its higher treatment fulfillment. D. Its brain connectivity enhancement. 65. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Post-disaster health is not taken into consideration in the CPT. B. CPT proves to be the most successful treatment approach so far. C. More researches might be conducted into the effectiveness of CPT in children. D. CPT addresses the fundamental causes of patients’ mental health conditions. 66. What is the main idea of this passage? A. The application of Cognitive Processing Therapy. B. An introduction to a long-term psychological therapy. C. A breakthrough in the psychological medical field. D. The limitations of Cognitive Processing Therapy. Section C（8分） Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. What skills and talents do you already have? B. Stress can also keep people from being kind to others. C. Why are recipients less likely to appreciate a random act of kindness? D. But an act of kindness is unlikely to fail, and in some instances it can create even more kindness. E. People who perform a random act of kindness tend to underestimate how much the recipient will appreciate it. F. But researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often. How to show others you care The idea that kindness can boost happiness is hardly new. Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels, and that simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize. ___67___ “I have found that kindness can be a really hard sell,” said Tara Cousineau, a clinical psychologist, “People desire kindness yet often feel troubled by the thought of being kind.” ___68___ They may question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back. ___69___ Jennifer Oldham, who lost her 9-year-old daughter Hallie in July, recently created a Facebook group — Keeping Kindness for Hallie — that encourages participants to engage in random acts of kindness. People have bought groceries and donated school supplies in Hallie’s honor. “It will help your own heart, maybe even more than the recipients,” said Ms. Oldham. If you are not already in the habit of performing random kind acts, or if it does not come naturally to you, start by thinking about what you like to do. It’s not about you being like, ‘Oh man, now I have to learn how to bake cookies in order to be nice’. It’s about: ___70___ And how can you turn that into an offering for other people? 第II卷 （共50分） IV. Summary Writing （10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Chocolate lovers might face a challenge: the world’s chocolate supply is under threat. The cacao (可可) tree, from which chocolate is made, is suffering. Diseases wipe out a third of the global cacao crop annually, and droughts caused by climate change are making things worse. But there’s hope! Mars Inc., the world’s largest chocolate company, is leading a groundbreaking study on the cacao tree. They’re sharing their findings for free, aiming to ensure that cacao continues to be grown. The focus is on finding ways to increase the yield (产量) of cacao per hectare (亩) since expanding the areas of cacao cultivation often leads to deforestation. This research is crucial because the majority of cacao is grown in Africa by small-scale farmers who lack resources to improve crop yields. Improving cacao plants to produce more per hectare could encourage farmers to adopt more intensive farming techniques. This shift could help protect rainforests and support small farmers’ wealth. Additionally, tackling the issue of disease is critical. Fungi (真菌), like witch’s broom and frosty pod, have destroyed cacao plantations in the Americas and could threaten Africa’s crops. A key part of the solution is genetic research to find disease-resistant cacao trees. Surprisingly, a study led by Juan-Carlos Motamayor revealed that cacao has a much richer genetic diversity than previously thought, opening doors to breeding disease-resistant species. Mars, together with the USDA and IBM, is working hard to speed up this research. Scientists are optimistic that by identifying and breeding cacao trees with desirable features, such as high yield and disease resistance, they can triple cacao production. This would not only secure the chocolate supply but also allow farmers to diversify their crops, leading to year-round harvests and a move away from destructive farming practices. So, the next time you enjoy a piece of chocolate, remember it’s part of a bigger picture involving science, sustainability, and supporting global communities. V. Translation （15分 3+3+4+5） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 外卖骑手因交通违法导致的事故屡见不鲜。(who) 73. 如果你不是真的对这个比赛感兴趣，何必费口舌打听呢？(bother) 74. 现代生活中，长期的压力可能对身心健康造成严重影响，因此学会管理压力至关重要。(stress) 75. 面对自然灾害时，高效的应对措施不仅能减少经济损失，还能缓解民众的心理压力，这需要政府和社区的共同努力。(disaster) VI. Guided writing (25分) 76. Directions: Write an English composition in about 120-150words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校计划设定每周三为高三年级的无作业日，并就这一做法听取高三学生意见。写一篇文章表达你的观点。 内容包括: 1)你是否赞同这一措施(如是否需要无作业日，每周一天是否合适等)； 2)你的理由。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$