语法填空专练 导学案-2025届高三下学期英语三轮复习专项

语法填空技巧专练 语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力，我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以先进行填写。在读懂短文的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析，逐题解答。下面按题型设计分三种情况： 一、纯空格试题的解题技巧  纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词。 首先，分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。共有以下7个技巧： 技巧1：在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。 例1.I can’t send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and ______gets there almost in a second. 技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等），很可能是填限定词。 例2. It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help ___rice crop grow up quickly. 例3.…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to___small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. 技巧3：名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面，一定是填介词。 例4.…who should have the honour of receiving me ___a guest in their house. 技巧4: 若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。 例5.…two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso__ __Cabdido Poitinari, which are worth millions of dollars. 例6…all I saw was this beautiful girls, whose smile just melted me ______ almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. 技巧5: 若两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词（连接并列的句子）或从属连词（连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句）。 例7：The greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini ________died in 1926. 例8：In Japan, for example, it is normal for the woman to send chocolates to the man_______ in Korea April 14th is known as “Black Day”. 例9：He was very tired after doing thus foe a whole day, ___ he felt very happy. 技巧6: 由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。 (1) 由it  is … that… 强调结构的形式，判断it 还是that。判断方法：去掉it  is … that…结构，句子还是一个完整的句子就是强调句型。 (2) 由it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格是否填it. 例10：…and_____was only after I heard she become sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精). 例11：… as _____ took them just three minuts to steal paintings by two worls-famous artists.. 例12：Dating sites also makes______ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.    (3) 在倒装句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not…until等词。 例13：______ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.    (4) so / such …that…句型 例14：This made the goat so jealous______ it began plotting against the donkey.    (5) more …than…(与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型。 例15：Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people rememberr more how much a manager cares ____ how much he pays. 二、给出了动词的试题解题技巧 首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按照以下两点进行思考。 技巧7：若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。 例16：When I die, I ________ (give) everything to you. 例17：That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation,________(close) my book and walked away. 例18：In Loganm three people______(take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. 例19: Being too anxious to help an event develop often ______(result) the countrary to our intention. 例20: Now,Valentine”s Day is ________(celebrate) in many countries around the world. 技巧8: 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v-ing形式，-ed形式，还是不定式，确定的方法主要有： (1) 作主语或宾语，通常用v-ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。 例21：…but it is not enough only ________(memorize) rules from a grammar book. 例22：__________(speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary… 例23:He wann’t used to _________(take) care of like that. (2) 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。 例24：_________(complete) the project as planed, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. 例25：Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely__to _________(succeed). (3) 作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词（v-ing）;若是被动关系，用过去分词（-ed）。 例26：He saw the stone,_________(say) to himself: “the night will be very dark.” 例27：The headmaster went into the lab, ________(follow) by the foreign guests. 例28：Problems, ___________ (depend)on their nature, cause us sadness or loneliness or regret or anger or fear. (4) 无论非谓语动词在句子作何种成分，若判断得出其需要用分词时，分词与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词（v-ing）；是被动关系，用过去分词（-ed）。 例29：While she was getting me________(settle) into a tiny but clean room,… 例30：Lessons _______(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. 例31:The dinosaur was forced to adapt and evolved into a smaller animal _______ (need) less space and food. 例32：A room full of candiates for a state examination________(time) exactly by electronic clocks. 例33：It was a presidental talk _______ ( deliver) at a time of… 其次，若所给动词既不做谓语也不做非谓语，那就是词的转换题。 技巧9: 动词的词类转换主要做主语、宾语和定语。 例34：There are _________ (comfort) feelings often as any kind of physical pain. 例35：I t came into ______ (exist) with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. 例36：They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building _______ (equip) to dig holes 例37：But a mother in North Cardina said she thought the ________ (speak) could have a positive impact. 例38：We can have the most _________ (support) parents and the best schools in the world. 例39：When China’s ancient scientific and technological ________(achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally prefer to the Four Great Inventions. 例40：These people have made great __________ (contribute) to China with their work. 例41：…instructors expect students to be familiar with ____________ (inform) in the reading. 例42：But Jane knew from past experience that her _________ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 三、词类转换题的解题技巧    这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词，根据该词在句中所作句子成分确定用那种形式，具体技巧有以下三种。  技巧10: 作表语（在系动词之后）、定语（修饰名词）或宾补（表性质状态），通常用形容词形式。 例43：The youngster immediately fell _______(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 例44：In a _________(danger ) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they leart to… 例45：Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _________(interest) in the subject. 例46：This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their ________(nature) course. 技巧11: 修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。 例47：As I looked __________ (close) at this girl, I found that… 例48：There must be something __________(serious) wrong with our society. 例49：Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet ________ (main) because their busy lifesytyles leave them little time… 例50：________ (fortune),the guest escaped unharmed. 技巧12: 有的词义转换题，词类或词性不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-, in-等，在词根后加-less等。 例51： People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _________(use). 例52：Your mistake caused a lot of ________ (necessary) work in the office. 例53：Its origins are________ (clear) and hidden in the river of time. 技巧13: 括号中所给词若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。 例54：The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could… he jumped even _________(hard) and nearly made himself out. 例55：The __________(bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. 例56：…,but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” ________ (high) 以上仅对语法填空中的主要情况进行了概括，在做语法填空题时，还应注意英语中的固定句型、固定搭配等。 Consolidation exercise (1) In the United States, there were 222 people 1________ (report) to be billionaires(亿万富翁) in 2003. The 2_________(rich) of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money 3________ starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old 4_________ he first helped to set up the company in 1976. He was a billionaire 5________ the time he was 31. 6________, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even 7________ (young) ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. 8________ of these child actors made over a million dollars 9_______ (act) in movies before they were 14. But 10______ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited (继承) a billion dollars when he turned 18! 1._________2.___________3.___________4._____________5.___________ 6._________7.___________8.___________9._____________10.__________ (2) Finishing their shopping at the mall, a couple discovered that their new car ____1_____ (steal) .They filed a report____2____ the police station and a detective drove them ____3____ to the parking lot to look for evidence. To their ____4____ (amaze), the car had been returned ___5____ there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to rush her to the ____6_____. Please forget the inconvenience. There are two tickets ____7____ tonight's Mania Twain concert.” Their faith in humanity restored. The couple attended ____8____ concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found ____9______their house had been ransacked (洗劫). On the bathroom mirror was ____10_____ note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, don't I?” 1._________2.___________3.___________4._____________5.___________ 6._________7.___________8.___________9._____________10.__________ (3) People _____1___ (live) in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred _____2_____ in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four ___3___ five hundred thousand words. But we do not need ____4____ these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. ____5_____ you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more. The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary ______6___ (big). Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books _____7____ (write) in easy English. You will enjoy them. When you meet _____8____ new word, look it ____9_____ in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your _____10_____ (much) useful book. 1._________2.___________3.___________4._____________5.___________ 6._________7.___________8.___________9._____________10.__________ (4) When you are in England you must be very careful in the streets ____1_____ the traffic drives on the left. Before you cross a street you must look to the right first _____2____ then the left. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from ____3____, the streets are very busy. Traffic is most ____4___ (danger) then. When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, ____5____. Always remember the traffic moves on the left. So you must be careful. _____6____ (have) a look first, or you will go ____7____ wrong way. In many English cities, there are big buses ____8_____ two floors. You can sit on the ______9____ (two) floor. From ____10_____ you can see the city very well. It’s very interesting. 1._________2.___________3.___________4._____________5.___________ 6._________7.___________8.___________9._____________10.__________ (5) ____1____ artist had a small daughter. Sometimes he painted women ___2_____ any clothes on, and he and his ____3____ always tried to keep the small girl out ____4____ he was doing this, “She is ____5_____ young to understand,” they said. But one day, when the artist _____6____ (paint) a woman with no clothes on, he forgot to lock the door, and the girl suddenly ran into the room. He mother ran up the stairs ____7____ her, but when she got to the room, the little girl was already in the room and looking at the woman. _____8___ her parents waited for her to speak. For a few seconds the little girl said ____9_____, but then she ran to her mother and said ____10_____ (angry), “Why do you let her go about without shoes and socks on when you don’t let me?” 1._________2.___________3.___________4._____________5.___________ 6._________7.___________8.___________9._____________10.__________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$