精品解析：上海市闵行区七宝中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期中英语测试卷

七宝中学2024-2025学年第二学期高二年级英语期中试卷 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. The photograph is not good enough to send. B. The photograph was not taken at the Grand Canyon. C. They already sent Mary a photograph of their vacation. D. Sending pictures through the mail is too expensive. 2. A. She has not yet received her grade on the quiz. B. She did better on the quiz than the man did. C. She did not have to take the quiz. D. She did not do well on the quiz. 3. A. She deserves the zero. B. She is right to be angry. C. She should have gone on the field trip. D. She should have asked to be excused from the trip. 4. A. The woman should call Bill to check his schedule. B. The woman should have left for the airport earlier. C. The woman does not need to rush to meet Bill. D. Traffic near the airport could delay the woman’s arrival. 5. A. He wants to live off campus. B. Living space in the dorm is crowded. C. There are only a few apartments available off campus. D. There are advantages and disadvantages to living off campus. 6. A. Mail the woman’s bill. B. Drive to the woman’s house. C. Buy stamps at the post office. D. Pick up a package from the post off. 7. A. Turn the music off. B. Play a different style of music. C. Turn down the volume of the music. D. Listen to music in a different room. 8. A. He has no definite plans. B. He usually works on weekends. C. He has to work with his brother. D. His plans depend on the woman. 9. A. It took a long time to finish the building. B. He did not know the hotel had a restaurant. C. He was too busy to notice the opening of the hotel. D. He would like to meet the woman for brunch next Sunday. 10. A. Wait until later to eat. B. Go to the cafeteria without her. C. Bring her some food from the cafeteria. D. Meet her at the cafeteria. Section B You will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following talk. 11 A. Upset. B. Puzzled. C. Hopeful. D. Excited. 12. A. He seldom stayed at home. B. He used to work for a travelling circus. C. He never told jokes in front of his daughter. D. He brought home whatever animal he was offered. 13. A. The animals in Chester Zoo. B. The history of the UK’s zoos without bars. C. The man who built the UK’s first bar-free zoo. D. The restoration of George Mottershead’s old residence. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. It contained 40 pictures. B. It was first released in 1987. C. It was turned into a TV program in 1982. D. It enjoyed greater popularity years ago than now. 15. A. It reveals people’s memories of The Snowman. B. It is intended to promote the book The Snowman. C. Its 2,626 photos all show people watching the animation. D. Its 2,626 photos all show people making their own snowman. 16 A. Raymond Briggs’s. B. Quentin Blake’s. C. Chris Riddell’s. D. Helen Marshall’s. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation, 17. A. A famous photographer. B. Photographic processes in the 1800’s C. A new museum. D. Photographic equipment used in the 1800’s. 18. A. Her subject’s home. B. Her subject’s social status. C. Her subject’s personality. D. Her subject’s role in history. 19. A. Backlighting. B. Soft focus C. Slow motion. D. Flash. 20. A. Children. B. Historical scenes. C. Well-known people. D. Landscapes. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (A) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. European’s greatest designs Ever played with Lego? Visited Ikea? Read the Moomin stories? _____1_____ the answer to any of these is yes, then you have enjoyed Nordic design. The Nordic region, located in the far north of Europe, _____2_____ (comprise) Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Lego is a Danish company; Ikea shops first opened in Sweden; and the Moomins started life in Finland. Now, a new exhibition _____3_____ the V&A Museum of Childhood, in London, is celebrating this region. Century of the Child: Nordic Design for Children 1900 to Today will take visitors through the 100 years _____4_____ proved to be a productive period for children and playtime. One of the things you can see—and play with—is a mini puckleball pitch. This unpredictable ball game from Sweden uses a bumpy surface, crooked lines and different-sized goals ____5____ (ensure) that people of all ages and abilities can play at the same level. Other unusual objects include a toy made from fish bones and a doll’s house made from forest waste _____6_____ of which demonstrates creative ways of using eco-friendly materials. There is a section in the exhibition ____7____ (explore) how a “junk playground” in 1940s Denmark inspired adventure playgrounds in the UK. The exhibition’s title comes from a book _____8_____ (write) in 1900 by a Swedish author called Ellen Key. She believed that during the 20th century, adults _____9_____ (focus) more attention on their children than they had in the previous century. Key wanted adults to make more of an effort to improve children’s creativity and education. She died in 1926, but would no doubt have been proud to see _____10_____ her ideas helped shape this exhibition. (B) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why Everyone Is Lonely One of the reasons why we tend not to make friends as often as we might come down to a powerful background idea ____11____ full destructive force we may not even be aware of: the belief that any decent person already has all the friends they need. Somewhere in our minds, the notion has been lodged that only very sad and incapable people would — at this stage in their lives — still have a space in their social agenda for a newcomer. Almost everyone else — anyone worthy ____12____ (know), talented, interesting or good — would long ago have acquired the gang to which they are now continually and hopelessly connected. ____13____ this punishing idea misses is the extent to which a feeling of loneliness and disenchantment (幻灭感) is in reality an ongoing and universal possibility, in no way limited to ____14____ of reduced appeal. Right now, the enchanting actor is (despite the crowds) perhaps lonely; ____15____ is the celebrated concert pianist, the renowned biologist, the skilled airline pilot, the miraculous neurosurgeon and that rather nice-looking person you have just spotted in the corner of the room ____16____ (laugh) animatedly with a group of fashionable companions. It’s open to anyone of sensitivity and charm to fail to find the right sort of allies, ____17____ (outgrow) their friends from school or university, to not have landed on agreeable spirits at work and therefore to be spending a lot of their evenings on their own. And we can know this for certain of other people ____18____ we know it from a very reliable source: ourselves. Other people who know us at a social level almost certainly find it hard to imagine the degree to which we are exposed to loneliness and ____19____ we would still like to locate a wise, tender, funny and interesting new friend. The next time we spot an interesting person, we ____20____ stop disobey the moral of our own lives. We don’t have exactly the right people in our social circle — and nor, most probably, do they. So we can afford to drop our false background ideas of social life — and go up and say hello. (A) Directions: In this section fill the blanks using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. complex B. demands C. falsely D. extensive E. head-on F. promising G. topic H. transfer I. shape J. accurately K. self-fulfilling Writing as a Skill A realistic attitude about writing must build on the idea that writing is a skill, not a “natural gift”. Like any skill, it can be learned as long as you have the determination to learn, and give yourself ____21____ practice. People often fear that they are the only ones for whom writing is unbearably difficult. Such people typically say, “I am not any good at writing.” Often, the result of this attitude is that people try to avoid writing. It becomes a(n) ____22____ prediction: their writing fails chiefly because they have brainwashed themselves into believing they don’t have the “natural talent”. Many people find it difficult to do the intense, active thinking that clear writing ____23____. It is frustrating to discover how much of a challenge it is to ____24____ thoughts and feelings from one’s hand onto the page. But writing is not an automatic process. For almost everyone, competent writing comes from plain hard work-determination, sweat, and ____25____ battle. Additionally, many people ____26____ believe that writing should flow in a straight line from the writer’s head onto the written page. But a finished paper seldom comes out in the first draft. The truth is writing is a process of discovery involving a series of steps, which are very often a zigzag journey. For example, Diane Woods had been assigned to write about an annoyance in everyday life. She did not know what specific annoyances she would choose; instead, she just began writing about them in general. One of those annoyances was traffic, which seemed ____27____, so she began putting down details that came to her. One detail was the traffic she had to deal with in going to the movies. That made her think of the traffic in the parking lot at the theater ____28____. At that point, it dawned on her that, instead of traffic, moviegoing itself was an annoyance. She switched direction in midstream and began writing down ideas and details about moviegoing. The point is writing is often a process of continuing discovery. You may be working on a(n) ____29____ sentence and realize suddenly that it could be your concluding thought. Writers frequently do not know their exact destination as they begin to write. Very often they discover the direction and _____30_____ of a paper during the process of writing. (B) Directions: In this section, fill the blanks using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. complete B. contact C. credited D. dominant E. modified F. formerly G. inserting H. presence I. long-term J. exclusively K. reserve Jane Goodall’s Chimp Behavior Discoveries Goodall used her newfound acceptance in the chimpanzee group to establish what she termed the “banana club,” a daily systematic feeding method she used to gain trust and to acquire a more thorough understanding of everyday chimpanzee behavior. Using this method, she became closely acquainted with a majority of the chimps in the ____31____. She imitated their behaviors, spent time in the trees and ate their foods. By remaining in almost constant ____32____ with the chimps, Goodall discovered a number of previously unobserved behaviors: chimps had a complex social system, ____33____ with ritualized behaviors and primitive but recognizable communication methods, including a primitive “language” system with more than 20 individual sounds. She was ____34____ with making the first recorded observations of chimpanzees eating meat and using and making tools. Toolmaking had been thought to be a(n) ____35____ human trait. Goodall also noted that chimpanzees threw stones as weapons, used touch and embraces to comfort one another and developed ____36____ familial bonds. The male played no active role in family life but is part of the group’s social layering—The chimpanzee “caste” (种姓) system placed the ____37____ males at the top, with the lower castes often acting submissively in their ____38____, trying to flatter them to avoid possible harm. The male’s rank was often related to the intensity of his entrance performance at feedings and other gatherings. Challenging the belief that chimps were entirely vegetarian, Goodall witnessed chimps stalking, killing and eating large insects, birds and some bigger animals. On one occasion, she recorded acts of cannibalism (同类相食). In another instance, she observed chimps ____39____ blades of grass into termite (白蚁) hills to get insects onto the blade. In true toolmaker fashion, they ____40____ the grass to achieve a better fit, then used the grass as a long-handled spoon to eat the termites. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Why do we mourn public figures? On 8 September 2022, Queen Elizabeth II died at the age of 96. At the time of writing, the UK is in the midst of a prolonged period of public mourning. Regardless of your thoughts about the monarchy, it’s undeniable that countless people were genuinely saddened by the Queen’s passing, and that many have been experiencing profound grief ____41____ it. This is a fascinating phenomenon, because grief is a complex and demanding process. So, why would so many ____42____ grief over the loss of someone they’ve likely never met, and who almost certainly had no idea that they existed? Rather than an oddity, such grief is actually ____43____. It’s because of how our brains work. Humans are incredibly social creatures. It’s the basis for our dominance of the planet. We form ____44____ connections with other individuals like no other species. But despite what many assume, this need not be a mutual thing. It’s entirely possible for us to deeply and emotionally ____45____ someone who doesn’t even know we’re there. Parasocial relationships are the basis of ____46____ culture and every sort of fandom. After all, it’s entirely possible for people to develop deep and powerful emotions for individuals who don’t even exist. If we take this into account, it suddenly doesn’t seem so odd then that people would be able to ____47____ genuine affection for a real individual, especially one who may have been a(n) ____48____ of their world for decades. ____49____, they would also then experience grief as a result of the death of that person. And because human sociability is so important, we’re often keen to express that grief with others, especially with those who share similar feelings. It’s another way of ____50____, of reinforcing our remaining connections, at a time when we’ve lost one. But humans aren’t just social. We’re also hierarchical (有层级的), we instinctively. ____51____ status, like being looked up to by others, and looking up to others in turn. We learn from others and the examples they provide. From back in the early days of our species, where aspiring to be like the best hunters or warriors was a useful survival trait, to the present day, we ____52____ to look up to, identify with and want to imitate the visibly more successful members of our society. While the death of a high-profile and beloved individual often leads to widespread public mourning, the Queen’s passing is ____53____ on an even more profound level. This is because the Queen was visibly the head of British public life for seven decades. For someone living in the UK, she was just ‘there’, all day every day. On our money, our stamps, in the anthem, involved in all our laws and politics. She was essentially ____54____. And her death showed us that one of the parts of our world which had seemed so ____55____ and unchanging, wasn’t. This made our world feel suddenly and fundamentally more uncertain. 41. A. in addition to B. as a result of C. in return for D. in contrast to 42. A. experience B. control C. disguise D. overcome 43. A. bitter B. genuine C. endless D. commonplace 44. A. apparent B. casual C. close D. emotional 45. A. refer to B. agree with C. invest in D. appeal to 46. A. celebrity B. mainstream C. street D. youth 47. A. return B. develop C. betray D. win 48. A. image B. spokesperson C. guest D. part 49. A. Scarcely B. Temporarily C. Accordingly D. Unfairly 50. A. surviving B. improving C. mourning D. bonding 51. A. examine B. question C. restore D. value 52. A. afford B. incline C. endure D. refuse 53. A. influential B. mysterious C. peaceful D. natural 54. A. international B. ideal C. inescapable D. virtuous 55. A. academic B. reliable C. diplomatic D. unreal Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. (A) For years, spring in our town was welcomed by Leon and Jo Martin, who owned the Dairy Queen. Every year, after their winter stay in Florida, they would post the words “Now Hiring” on their sign. I would walk past, see the sign, see Leon and Jo readying for their spring opening, and feel winter’s departure. It was as accurate an indication of spring as any calendar. When they died and their children sold the Dairy Queen to an out-of-town outfit who kept it open year-round, it threw off our town’s circadian rhythms (生物钟). Something terrible. We’re still not sure when spring begins. Well, that’s not entirely accurate. When the implement store on the west edge of town, where Johnston’s IGA grocery store used to be, stops selling snowplows and starts selling lawn mowers, that’s a pretty good sign winter is coming to an end. If they should drop the ball, Frank Gladden is sure to stand at our Quaker meeting and announce that volunteers are needed for our spring fish fry. Frank’s announcement is as reliable as any clock and invariably mixed with worry and regret that this might be the last year of the fish fry if volunteers aren’t forthcoming. “We’re not getting any younger,” he announces. Frank is 82 years old, but he’s been saying that since 1961, so we Quakers aren’t alarmed. The Fairfield Friends Fish Fry is as constant as sunrise. But let us suppose both the implement store and Frank Gladden neglect their duties and we are cast adrift, unaware of spring’s arrival. We would then have to look and see whether Bill Eddy, our town’s plumber, was wearing a coat. When the first leaf falls to the ground in the autumn, Bill pulls on his Carhartt coat and doesn’t remove it until spring. I’ve known Bill since we were in first grade together, so I know well about his habits. He wears that Carhartt everywhere, inside and outside. There are other signs of spring if one is watchful. The deer lighten in color, the dog sheds, the buds swell, the snow melts on the south hillside, and the bloodroot in our woodlot pushes out its petals. The calf (牛犊) appears, following its mother because of hunger. Who needs a calendar when a calf is nearby? 56. What can be learned about the Dairy Queen from the first paragraph? A. It was moved to Florida. B. It used to be closed in winter. C. It is now owned by Leon and Jo’s children. D. It has several branches out of the town. 57. According to the writer, which of the following is a sign that winter is over? A. The deer turns into a darker color. B. Bill Eddy stops wearing his Carhartt coat. C. The Quaker meeting starts to call for volunteers. D. Johnston’s IGA grocery store starts to sell lawn mowers. 58. By “as constant as sunrise”, the writer means that the Fairfield Friends Fish Fry ________. A. has a long history B. makes excellent fried fish C. opens very early every day D. is sure to continue its business 59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Why I Love Spring B. Every Changing Spring C. How I Know It’s Spring D. Spring: All Comes to Life (B) WORD OF THE DAY March 13, 2025 curfew noun | KER-fyoo Definition Curfew refers to a law or order that requires people to be indoors after a certain time at night, as well as to the period of time when such an order or law is in effect. Chiefly in the United States. //No one is allowed on the streets during the curfew. //Lana has a 10 o’clock curfew, so we need to bring her home right after the movie. SEE THE ENTRY > Examples “[LEW] Alcindor narrowed his college choice to Michigan, Columbia, St. John’s, and UCLA. He liked Columbia as the chance to attend school walking distance to Harlem and a subway ride to the jazz clubs he had to leave early as a high schooler to make curfew.” — Scott Howard-Cooper, Kingdom on Fire: Kareem, Wooden, Walton, and the Turbulent Days of the UCLA Basketball Dynasty, 2024 Did you know? Curfews set by parents (and kept or broken by their offspring) do not echo the origins of the word curfew in any noticeable way—if they did, they’d need to at least hint at the sound of a bell. When curfew was first used in the 14th century, it referred to the sounding of a bell at evening to alert people that they should cover their hearth (壁炉) fires for the night—a necessary warning, as many European houses in the Middle Ages were close enough to each other that fires could spread easily from one to the next. The word came to English from Anglo-French, in which the signal was called coverfeu, a compound of covrir, meaning “to cover,” and feu, “fire.” Even when hearth fires were no longer regulated, many towns had other rules that called for ringing an evening bell, including one that required people to be off the streets by a given time, a development that granted curfew permission to go out and about with a broader meaning. SEE MORE WORDS OF THE DAY > 60. Where do you most probably find this text? A. Real-time transcripts of a podcast program. B. A scholar column in a literary magazine. C. An enrollment guide of a language course. D. A link in an online dictionary application. 61. Which of the following is true according to the text? A. The word curfew was coined in Anglo-French to hint the sound of an evening bell. B. In Middle Ages, fires spread easily simply because the hearth fires were not covered. C. Curfew’s modern use doesn’t reflect its origin as hearth fires were no longer regulated. D. Originally, the word curfew was a compound noun signaling extinguished fireplaces. 62. Which of the following examples is an American usage of Curfew? A. Protesters disobeyed the curfew and took to the streets. B. Why do you have to go home now if you don’t have a curfew? C. The dusk-to-dawn curfew imposed by the army was lifted after the war. D. It’s against the criminal law of the state to be in the street after the curfew. (C) ①Along with 3 million other workers, Eamonn, a civil servant, used to commute into London daily. It was once an easy trip of 30 minutes by train from Coulsdon South to Victoria. But after years of strikes and driver shortages at Southern Rail, the operator on that line, getting to work became a lottery—a train running on time felt like a “luxury for special occasions only”, he complains, With Southern cancelling up to 350 trains a day, in one three-week period last autumn he managed to get to the office on only two days. Eventually he moved to Liverpool to escape his awful commute. ②Many other Londoners are changing the way they work because of the railways’ poor, pricey service. On January 2nd rail fares across Britain rose by an average of 3.4%, the largest increase since 2013. Over the past decade fares have risen twice as fast as salaries. Falling subsidies (补贴) mean that passengers now pick up 70% of the rail network’s costs, up from 50% ten years ago. ③Until now, passengers have put up with it. Since the industry was privatized in the mid-1990s, the number of rail journeys in the south-east has increased by 130%, though fares have risen by 45% in real terms. But that seems to be changing. The year to April 2017 saw the first big drop in passenger numbers in the south-east. ④Many rail executives blame a slowdown related to Brexit for falling traffic. But that doesn’t explain why the drop-off has been highest in the south-east. Indeed, since referendum (全名公投) in June 2016, output in London has grown faster than in any other British region and employment has risen. ⑤More likely it is high fares and unreliable service that are persuading commuters to change how they work, says Stephen Joseph of the Campaign for Better Transport. In the six months to September, journeys made on season tickets—which save money for daily commuters—fell by a tenth, while journeys made using single-use tickets continued to rise. The trend is strongest in the south-east, where fares are highest and services heavily disrupted. With more part-time jobs and technology that lets people work from home, going to the office every day is falling out of fashion. Employers, facing high rents, are keen to encourage this. The amount of space per employee in the City of London has fallen from 17 square metres in the 1990s to just 11 now. ⑥The government is considering limiting fare increases more strictly in the future. That would cut train operators’ profit further. Mr. Joseph suggests that moving to a simpler fare structure, with season tickets for part-time commuters, could draw more people back onto trains, as such schemes have elsewhere in Europe. 63. According to the first paragraph, what does Eamonn complain about in terms of the train service? A. Punctuality. B. Facilities. C. Interval. D. Routes. 64. Which of the following statements is true according to paragraphs 2 and 3? A. Fares rose by 45%in real terms in the year to April 2017. B. Rail fares across Britain have increased by 3.4% since the year of 2013. C. Fewer people in the south-east commute by train now than in the 1990s. D. Fares cover a bigger part of the rail network’s costs now than a decade ago. 65. The writer mentions the growth of output in London in paragraph 4 in order to ________. A. reveal that London has been recovering since the 2016 referendum B. argue that it was not the slowdown that led to the failing traffic C. illustrate how Brexit affected Britain’s economy D. cast doubt on the rise of employment in London 66. What can be inferred from paragraphs 5 and 6? A. The government has taken train operators’ profit too seriously. B. The number of people commuting to work every day is on the decline. C. Single-use tickets are just available to part-time commuters in the south-east. D. Stephen Joseph thinks it necessary to stick to the current policy of season tickets. (D) When you pick up your phone in the morning, you begin generating the data that make up Silicon Valley’s most important resource. That, at least, is how we ought to think about the role of data-creation in the economy, according to a new economics paper. Artificial intelligence (AI) is getting better all the time, and is expected to transform a host of industries, say the authors. But, in order to learn to drive a car or recognize a face, the algorithms must usually be trained on massive amounts of data. Internet firms gather these data from users every time they click on a search result, say, or issue a command to a virtual assistant, like Siri or Alex. People “pay” for useful free services by providing firms with the data they desire. These data become part of the firms’ capital, and as such, a fearsome source of competitive advantage. Would-be startups that might challenge internet giants cannot train their AIs without access to the data only those giants possess. Their best hope is often to be acquired by those very same giants, adding to the problem of uncompetitive markets. That, for now, AI’s contributions to productivity growth are small, the authors say, is partly because of the free-data model, which limits the quality of data gathered. Firms trying to develop useful applications for AI must hope that the data they have are sufficient, or come up with ways to cheating users into providing them with better information at no cost. Even so, as Al improves, the amount of work made likely to be displaced by technology grows, and ever more of the value generated in the economy belongs to profitable firms rather than workers. As the authors point out, the share of GDP paid out to workers in wages and salaries — once thought to be relatively stable — has already been decline over the past few decades. To tackle these problems, they have an innovative proposal. Rather than being regarded as capital, data should be treated as labour — and, more specifically, regarded as the property of those who generate such information, unless they agree to provide it to firms in exchange for payment. In such a world, user data might be sold multiple times to multiple firms, reducing the extent to which data sets serve as barriers to entry. Payments to users for their data would help spread the wealth generated by AI. Firms could also potentially generate better data by paying. Rather than guess what a person is up to as they wander around a shopping centre, for example, firms could ask individuals to share information on which shops were visited and which items were viewed, in exchange for payment. Perhaps most ambitiously, the authors think that data labour could come to be seen as useful work, with the same sort of dignity as paid employment, a desirable side-effect in a possible future of mass automation. 67. According to the new paper, what do people pay when they get a satisfactory search result? A. The data. B. The time. C. The service. D. The command. 68. Which of the following is one of “these problems” (in paragraph 6)? A. Start-ups are struggling not to be acquired by giants. B. There is a decline in how much AI engineers earn. C The quality of data is far from satisfactory. D. The competition for data is much too fierce. 69. Which of the following is true according to the proposal in the new paper? A. The internet industry should move faster to mass automation. B. AI firms should break the barriers to enter the industry. C. People should earn money by sharing their data. D. Data should be labelled with more properties. 70. What, in essence, does the new paper put forward? A. An attempt that can be made to gather better information at the lowest cost. B. A method by which Al firms make a profit by using data more economically. C. A perspective on the relationship between internet companies and their users. D. An approach to thinking about the role data plays in technology development. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Iron Cooks Robots have arrived in American restaurants and hotels for the same reasons they first arrived on factory floors. ____71____ Labor, meanwhile, is getting expensive, as some cities and states pass laws raising the minimum wage. “We think we’ve hit the point where labor-wage rates are now making automation of those tasks make a lot more sense,” Bob Wright, the chief operations officer of the fast-food chain Wendy’s, said in a conference call with investors last February, referring to jobs that feature “repetitive production tasks.” Wendy’s and McDonald’s are in the process of installing self-service kiosks (售货亭) in locations across the country, allowing customers to order without ever talking to an employee. ____72____ The international chain CaliBurger, for example will soon install Flippy, a robot that can make 150 burgers an hour. John Miller, the CEO of Cali Group, which owns the chain, says employees don’t like working in the kitchen. Once the robots are sweating there, human employees will be free to interact with customers in more-targeted ways, bringing them extra napkins and asking them how they’re enjoying their burgers. How many employees, though, do you need working in the cafe? ____73____ Will companies like CaliBurger see sufficient value in employing human greeters and soup-and-sandwich deliverers to keep those positions around long-term? The experience of Eatsa may be instructive. The start-up restaurant, based in San Francisco, allows customers to order its quinoa bowls and salads on their smartphone or an in-store tablet and then pick up their order from a white wall of cubbies (小房间)—an Automat for the app age. Initially, two greeters were stationed alongside the cubbies to welcome and direct customers. ____74____ So the company now employs a single greeter in its restaurants. A. The early success of the kiosks suggests that, at least when ordering fast food, customers prize speed over high-touch customer service. B. Business owners insist that robots will take over work that is dirty, dangerous, or just dull, enabling humans to focus on other tasks. C. The better hope for workers might be that automation helps the food-service industry continue to develop. D. But over time, customers relied less frequently on the greeters. E. The cost of machines has fallen significantly in recent years, dropping 40 percent since 2005. F. This has typically been the story of automation: Technology eliminates old jobs, but it also creates new ones. IV. Summary Writing (95) 75. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Do You Find It So Hard to Not Multitask? Most of us do multitasking almost daily. But it’s time to change that. Let’s take the smartphone for example. On average you check your phone 110 times a day—that means you’re spending 23 days every year glued to your smartphone! How productive do you think that makes you? Habits encouraging you to multitask make you unproductive. But it’s hard to let go of these habits because you’ve conditioned your brain to send misleading signals to your body. Research has shown that when you multitask “successfully”, you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine, the happy hormone. You feel so good that you believe you’re being effective and this further encourages your multitasking habit. This rush can also make you overly optimistic, less careful about the work you do and more likely to make mistakes, Multitaskers basically get addicted to this rush which leads them to believe they are being effective when in fact they’re not. Since our brains can only effectively focus on one thing at a time, monotasking is the way for you to accomplish more in less time. Research has suggested you’re 50% quicker on average to accomplish a task if you monotask, and you’re also 50% less likely to make errors. So it’s a win-win for everyone! You’ll also be able to appreciate things on a deeper level and get more enjoyment from them when you’re focused. Now you’re probably desperate to find out how to get rid of this multitasking habit so you can find real productivity. There is no easy answer. You simply have to commit to it and have the self discipline to stick to one task at a time. Just say to yourself: When I walk, I walk. When I talk to someone, I talk to someone. Focus on the one thing you are doing. And like that, you’ve mastered monotasking ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 76. 人们普遍认为，我们是否对他人的处境有同理心，是一个可能决定我们是否会向陌生人伸出援手的主要因素。(determine, reach) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 77. 在一个寒冷的周二早上，亨利按照老师的要求打印了一份核心词汇用法的学习资料，他决心要背完至少一半，结果却发现自己完全没有学习的兴致。(request n., only, mood) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 78. 为了确保运动员们能够在奥运会的激烈竞争中生存下来，教练团队己精心安排他们遵循严格的训练计划，以防因不适应比赛环境而出现意外。(survive, arrange, in case) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________ 79. 汤姆从未想过他的同事把地图忘在了车里，让他们困在树林中。随着夜幕降临，他们没有相互抱怨，而是保持冷静，并最终找到了附近的一座小木屋过夜。(occur, leave, end) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 七宝中学2024-2025学年第二学期高二年级英语期中试卷 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. The photograph is not good enough to send. B. The photograph was not taken at the Grand Canyon. C. They already sent Mary a photograph of their vacation. D. Sending pictures through the mail is too expensive. 2. A. She has not yet received her grade on the quiz. B. She did better on the quiz than the man did. C. She did not have to take the quiz. D. She did not do well on the quiz. 3. A. She deserves the zero. B. She is right to be angry. C. She should have gone on the field trip. D. She should have asked to be excused from the trip. 4. A. The woman should call Bill to check his schedule. B. The woman should have left for the airport earlier. C. The woman does not need to rush to meet Bill. D. Traffic near the airport could delay the woman’s arrival. 5. A. He wants to live off campus. B. Living space in the dorm is crowded. C. There are only a few apartments available off campus. D. There are advantages and disadvantages to living off campus. 6. A. Mail the woman’s bill. B. Drive to the woman’s house. C. Buy stamps at the post office. D. Pick up a package from the post off. 7. A. Turn the music off. B. Play a different style of music. C. Turn down the volume of the music. D. Listen to music in a different room. 8. A. He has no definite plans. B. He usually works on weekends. C. He has to work with his brother. D. His plans depend on the woman. 9. A. It took a long time to finish the building. B. He did not know the hotel had a restaurant. C. He was too busy to notice the opening of the hotel. D. He would like to meet the woman for brunch next Sunday. 10. A. Wait until later to eat. B. Go to the cafeteria without her. C. Bring her some food from the cafeteria. D. Meet her at the cafeteria. Section B You will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following talk. 11. A. Upset. B. Puzzled. C. Hopeful. D. Excited. 12. A. He seldom stayed at home. B. He used to work for a travelling circus. C. He never told jokes in front of his daughter. D. He brought home whatever animal he was offered. 13. A. The animals in Chester Zoo. B. The history of the UK’s zoos without bars. C. The man who built the UK’s first bar-free zoo. D. The restoration of George Mottershead’s old residence. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. It contained 40 pictures. B. It was first released in 1987. C. It was turned into a TV program in 1982. D. It enjoyed greater popularity years ago than now. 15 A. It reveals people’s memories of The Snowman. B. It is intended to promote the book The Snowman. C. Its 2,626 photos all show people watching the animation. D. Its 2,626 photos all show people making their own snowman. 16. A. Raymond Briggs’s. B. Quentin Blake’s. C. Chris Riddell’s. D. Helen Marshall’s. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation, 17. A. A famous photographer. B. Photographic processes in the 1800’s C. A new museum. D. Photographic equipment used in the 1800’s. 18. A. Her subject’s home. B. Her subject’s social status. C. Her subject’s personality. D. Her subject’s role in history. 19. A. Backlighting. B. Soft focus C. Slow motion. D. Flash. 20. A. Children. B. Historical scenes. C. Well-known people. D. Landscapes. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (A) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. European’s greatest designs Ever played with Lego? Visited Ikea? Read the Moomin stories? _____1_____ the answer to any of these is yes, then you have enjoyed Nordic design. The Nordic region, located in the far north of Europe, _____2_____ (comprise) Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Lego is a Danish company; Ikea shops first opened in Sweden; and the Moomins started life in Finland. Now, a new exhibition _____3_____ the V&A Museum of Childhood, in London, is celebrating this region. Century of the Child: Nordic Design for Children 1900 to Today will take visitors through the 100 years _____4_____ proved to be a productive period for children and playtime. One of the things you can see—and play with—is a mini puckleball pitch. This unpredictable ball game from Sweden uses a bumpy surface, crooked lines and different-sized goals ____5____ (ensure) that people of all ages and abilities can play at the same level. Other unusual objects include a toy made from fish bones and a doll’s house made from forest waste, _____6_____ of which demonstrates creative ways of using eco-friendly materials. There is a section in the exhibition ____7____ (explore) how a “junk playground” in 1940s Denmark inspired adventure playgrounds in the UK. The exhibition’s title comes from a book _____8_____ (write) in 1900 by a Swedish author called Ellen Key. She believed that during the 20th century, adults _____9_____ (focus) more attention on their children than they had in the previous century. Key wanted adults to make more of an effort to improve children’s creativity and education. She died in 1926, but would no doubt have been proud to see _____10_____ her ideas helped shape this exhibition. 【答案】1. If 2. comprises 3. at##in 4. that##which 5. to ensure 6. either 7. exploring 8. written 9. focused 10. how 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在伦敦V&A儿童博物馆举办的一场关于北欧儿童设计的展览，通过列举展览中的具体物品和理念，向读者传达了北欧设计在儿童领域的影响和贡献。 【1题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：如果这些问题中你有任何一个的答案是肯定的，那么你就已经领略过北欧设计的魅力了。空处为条件状语从句的引导词，意为“如果”，用if引导；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填If。 【2题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：北欧地区位于欧洲的最北部，包括丹麦、芬兰、冰岛、挪威和瑞典。空处为本句谓语动词；本句为客观事实，用一般现在时；主语为“the Nordic region”，单数，和动词“comprise”之间为主动关系。故填comprises。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：如今，伦敦的维多利亚与阿尔伯特儿童博物馆正在举办一场全新的展览，以此来赞颂北欧地区的特色。空处为介词，意为“在……中”，用介词at或in。故填at或in。 4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：《儿童的世纪：1900年至今的北欧儿童设计》展览将带领参观者回顾这100年的历程，事实证明，这100年对于儿童以及他们的玩耍时光来说是成果丰硕的时期。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“the 100 years”，在定语从句中担当主语，用which或that引导。故填which或that。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这项源自瑞典的球类运动充满了不确定性，它使用凹凸不平的场地表面、弯曲的线条以及不同尺寸的球门，以确保各个年龄段和不同能力的人都能在同一水平上参与比赛。空处为非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to ensure。 【6题详解】 考查代词。句意：其他不寻常的物品包括一个由鱼骨制成的玩具和一个由森林废物制成的娃娃屋，这两件物品中的任何一个都展示了使用环保材料的创造性方式。空处为代词形式担当定语从句的主语；either of通常用于表示两者中的任何一个，符合句意。故填either。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：展览中有一个部分专门探讨了20世纪40年代丹麦的一个“废品游乐场”是如何启发了英国的冒险游乐场的。空处为非谓语动词形式担当介词后的宾语，用动名词形式。故填exploring。 8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这次展览的名称源自1900年瑞典作家埃伦・凯所著的一本书。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语；被修饰词“a book”和动词“write”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填written。 【9题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：她认为，在20世纪，成年人比上个世纪更加关注他们的孩子。空处为从句谓语动词；根据“during the 20th century”可知，从句时态为一般过去时；主语为“adults”，复数，和动词“focus”之间为主动关系。故填focused。 【10题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：她于1926年去世，但毫无疑问，要是看到自己的理念对这次展览的形成起到了推动作用，她一定会感到无比自豪。空处为宾语从句的引导词；根据句意可知，宾语从句缺少方式状语，用how引导。故填how。 (B) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why Everyone Is Lonely One of the reasons why we tend not to make friends as often as we might come down to a powerful background idea ____11____ full destructive force we may not even be aware of: the belief that any decent person already has all the friends they need. Somewhere in our minds, the notion has been lodged that only very sad and incapable people would — at this stage in their lives — still have a space in their social agenda for a newcomer. Almost everyone else — anyone worthy ____12____ (know), talented, interesting or good — would long ago have acquired the gang to which they are now continually and hopelessly connected. ____13____ this punishing idea misses is the extent to which a feeling of loneliness and disenchantment (幻灭感) is in reality an ongoing and universal possibility, in no way limited to ____14____ of reduced appeal. Right now, the enchanting actor is (despite the crowds) perhaps lonely; ____15____ is the celebrated concert pianist, the renowned biologist, the skilled airline pilot, the miraculous neurosurgeon and that rather nice-looking person you have just spotted in the corner of the room ____16____ (laugh) animatedly with a group of fashionable companions. It’s open to anyone of sensitivity and charm to fail to find the right sort of allies, ____17____ (outgrow) their friends from school or university, to not have landed on agreeable spirits at work and therefore to be spending a lot of their evenings on their own. And we can know this for certain of other people ____18____ we know it from a very reliable source: ourselves. Other people who know us at a social level almost certainly find it hard to imagine the degree to which we are exposed to loneliness and ____19____ we would still like to locate a wise, tender, funny and interesting new friend. The next time we spot an interesting person, we ____20____ stop disobey the moral of our own lives. We don’t have exactly the right people in our social circle — and nor, most probably, do they. So we can afford to drop our false background ideas of social life — and go up and say hello. 【答案】11. whose 12. to be known 13. what 14. those 15. so 16. laughing 17. to have outgrown 18. because 19. how much 20. should 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是现代社会中人们普遍感到孤独的原因，并分析了这种现象背后的心理误区，最后提出了改变这一现状的建议。 【11题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我们之所以不常交朋友，其中一个原因可以归结为一种强大的背景观念，其破坏力之强甚至可能超出我们的意识：即任何体面的人都已经有了他们所需要的所有朋友。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词idea与空后的名词force之间为所属关系，需用关系代词whose。故填whose。 【12题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：几乎其他所有人——任何值得尊敬的、有才华的、有趣的或优秀的人——很久以前就会获得他们现在不断且无可救药地联系在一起的团伙。根据句意，know与逻辑主语anyone之间为被动关系，所以此处为固定搭配be worthy to be done，所以此处需用不定式的被动形式to be known。故填to be known。 【13题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：这种严苛的观念忽略了一个事实，即孤独感和幻灭感实际上是一种持续且普遍的可能性，并不局限于那些吸引力较低的人群。此处为连接词引导的主语从句，从句中缺少missed的宾语，指的是事物，所以此处使用连接代词what。故填what。 【14题详解】 考查代词。句意：同上。此空前为介词of，且无提示词，所以此处使用代词作宾语，结合句意，此处需用those指代“引力较低的人”，表示复数概念。故填those。 【15题详解】 考查连词。句意：此刻，那位迷人的演员（尽管身边总是围着人群）可能感到孤独；同样如此的还有那位著名的音乐会钢琴家、杰出的生物学家、技术娴熟的航空公司飞行员、神奇的神经外科医生，以及你刚刚在房间角落看到的那个正与一群时尚伙伴热情交谈的好看的人。此处为“so/neither/nor+系动词/助动词+主语”结构，表示“与上文的情况相同”，上文中的内容为肯定句，所以此处使用so。故填so。 【16题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：同上。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，laugh与先行词person之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式，故填laughing。 【17题详解】 考查不定式完成式。句意：任何一个敏感且有魅力的人都可能无法找到合适的伙伴，可能已经超越了学校或大学时期的朋友，可能在工作中没有遇到志趣相投的人，因此不得不独自度过许多夜晚。该句为“it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语”结构，此处与空后的“to not have landed”以及“to be spending”为并列关系，所以此处使用动词不定式形式，结合句意，outgrow发生在谓语动词之前，所以此处使用不定式的完成式to have outgrown。故填to have outgrown。 【18题详解】 考查原因状语从句。句意：我们可以从一个非常可靠的消息来源——我们自己——得知这一点，因此我们也可以确定其他人的情况。此处为连词连接两个句子，结合句意，上下文之间为因果关系，所以此处为because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 【19题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：其他在社交层面上认识我们的人几乎很难想象我们有多么孤独，以及我们仍然多么渴望找到一位睿智、温柔、幽默且有趣的新朋友。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句作imagine的宾语，结合上文的“the degree to which we are exposed to loneliness”可知，此处应为how much引导宾语从句，表示程度。故填how much。 【20题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：下次我们看到一个有趣的人时，我们应该停止违背自己生活中的教训。结合句意以及上文的“The next time we spot an interesting person”可知，此处表示建议，需用should。故填should。 (A) Directions: In this section, fill the blanks using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. complex B. demands C. falsely D. extensive E. head-on F. promising G. topic H. transfer I. shape J. accurately K. self-fulfilling Writing as a Skill A realistic attitude about writing must build on the idea that writing is a skill, not a “natural gift”. Like any skill, it can be learned as long as you have the determination to learn, and give yourself ____21____ practice. People often fear that they are the only ones for whom writing is unbearably difficult. Such people typically say, “I am not any good at writing.” Often, the result of this attitude is that people try to avoid writing. It becomes a(n) ____22____ prediction: their writing fails chiefly because they have brainwashed themselves into believing they don’t have the “natural talent”. Many people find it difficult to do the intense, active thinking that clear writing ____23____. It is frustrating to discover how much of a challenge it is to ____24____ thoughts and feelings from one’s hand onto the page. But writing is not an automatic process. For almost everyone, competent writing comes from plain hard work-determination, sweat, and ____25____ battle. Additionally, many people ____26____ believe that writing should flow in a straight line from the writer’s head onto the written page. But a finished paper seldom comes out in the first draft. The truth is writing is a process of discovery involving a series of steps, which are very often a zigzag journey. For example, Diane Woods had been assigned to write about an annoyance in everyday life. She did not know what specific annoyances she would choose; instead, she just began writing about them in general. One of those annoyances was traffic, which seemed ____27____, so she began putting down details that came to her. One detail was the traffic she had to deal with in going to the movies. That made her think of the traffic in the parking lot at the theater ____28____. At that point, it dawned on her that, instead of traffic, moviegoing itself was an annoyance. She switched direction in midstream and began writing down ideas and details about moviegoing. The point is writing is often a process of continuing discovery. You may be working on a(n) ____29____ sentence and realize suddenly that it could be your concluding thought. Writers frequently do not know their exact destination as they begin to write. Very often they discover the direction and _____30_____ of a paper during the process of writing. 【答案】21 D 22. K 23. B 24. H 25. E 26. C 27. F 28. A 29. G 30. I 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了写作是一种可以通过学习获得的技能，而非天赋。 【21题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如同任何技能一样，只要你有决心去学习，并给自己大量的练习，写作技能是可以学会的。空处修饰名词practice ，需用形容词作定语，表示“大量的”应用形容词extensive。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这变成了一种自我实现的预言：他们的写作失败主要是因为他们给自己洗脑，让自己相信自己没有“天赋”。空处修饰名词prediction，需用形容词作定语，表示“自我实现的”应用形容词self-fulfilling。故选K。 【23题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：许多人发现，要进行清晰写作所要求的那种深入、积极的思考是很困难的。空处作谓语，表示“要求”应用demand，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为clear writing，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：发现把思想和情感从脑海中转移到纸上是多么具有挑战性，这是令人沮丧的。it是形式主语，to是动词不定式符号，故此处用动词原形，表示“转移”应用动词transfer。故选H。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：对几乎所有人来说，出色的写作来自于纯粹的努力工作——决心、汗水和正面的努力。修饰名词battle，需用形容词作定语，表示“正面交锋的”应用形容词head-on。故选E。 【26题详解】 考查副词。句意：此外，许多人错误地认为写作应该从作者的脑海中直接流畅地写到纸上。修饰动词believe需用副词作状语，表示“错误地”应用副词falsely。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查形容词。句意：其中一个烦恼是交通问题，这似乎很有潜力，所以她开始写下想到的细节。空处作表语，需用形容词，表示“有希望的”应用promising。故选F。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：这让她想到了电影院停车场复杂的交通情况。“theater complex”表示“综合影院”。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：你可能正在写一个主题句，突然意识到它可能是你的总结性想法。空处修饰名词sentence，需用名词作定语，表示“主题”应用名词topic。故选G。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：他们常常在写作过程中发现一篇文章的方向和形式。空处和direction并列，作宾语，需用名词，表示“形状”应用名词shape。故选I。 (B) Directions: In this section, fill the blanks using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. complete B. contact C. credited D. dominant E. modified F. formerly G. inserting H. presence I. long-term J. exclusively K. reserve Jane Goodall’s Chimp Behavior Discoveries Goodall used her newfound acceptance in the chimpanzee group to establish what she termed the “banana club,” a daily systematic feeding method she used to gain trust and to acquire a more thorough understanding of everyday chimpanzee behavior. Using this method, she became closely acquainted with a majority of the chimps in the ____31____. She imitated their behaviors, spent time in the trees and ate their foods. By remaining in almost constant ____32____ with the chimps Goodall discovered a number of previously unobserved behaviors: chimps had a complex social system, ____33____ with ritualized behaviors and primitive but recognizable communication methods, including a primitive “language” system with more than 20 individual sounds. She was ____34____ with making the first recorded observations of chimpanzees eating meat and using and making tools. Toolmaking had been thought to be a(n) ____35____ human trait. Goodall also noted that chimpanzees threw stones as weapons, used touch and embraces to comfort one another and developed ____36____ familial bonds. The male played no active role in family life but is part of the group’s social layering—The chimpanzee “caste” (种姓) system placed the ____37____ males at the top, with the lower castes often acting submissively in their ____38____, trying to flatter them to avoid possible harm. The male’s rank was often related to the intensity of his entrance performance at feedings and other gatherings. Challenging the belief that chimps were entirely vegetarian, Goodall witnessed chimps stalking, killing and eating large insects, birds and some bigger animals. On one occasion, she recorded acts of cannibalism (同类相食). In another instance, she observed chimps ____39____ blades of grass into termite (白蚁) hills to get insects onto the blade. In true toolmaker fashion, they ____40____ the grass to achieve a better fit, then used the grass as a long-handled spoon to eat the termites. 【答案】31. K 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. J 36. I 37. D 38. H 39. G 40. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是Jane Goodall在研究黑猩猩方面的发现和贡献。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：利用这种方法，她与保护区里的大部分黑猩猩都熟络起来。由上文“she became closely acquainted with a majority of the chimps in the”，再联系古道尔的工作可知，句子表示“她与保护区里的大部分黑猩猩都熟络起来”，空格处意为“保护区”，是reserve，此处是指一个保护区，空格处用单数作宾语，故选K。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：通过与黑猩猩几乎持续不断的接触，古道尔发现了许多以前从未观察到的行为：黑猩猩拥有复杂的社会系统，具有仪式化的行为和原始但可识别的交流方式，其中包括一种带有20多种独立声音的原始“语言”系统。由下文“with the chimps, Goodall discovered a number of previously unobserved behaviors”可知，句子表示“通过与黑猩猩几乎持续不断的接触，古道尔发现了许多以前从未观察到的行为”，空格处意为“接触”，是contact，是不可数名词，作宾语。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：通过与黑猩猩几乎持续不断的接触，古道尔发现了许多以前从未观察到的行为：黑猩猩拥有复杂的社会系统，具有仪式化的行为和原始但可识别的交流方式，其中包括一种带有20多种独立声音的原始“语言”系统。由“with ritualized behaviors and primitive but recognizable communication methods”可知，句子表示“古道尔发现了许多以前从未观察到的行为：黑猩猩拥有复杂的社会系统，具有仪式化的行为和原始但可识别的交流方式”，be complete with“具有”，故选A。 【34题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：她首次记录观察到了黑猩猩吃肉以及使用和制造工具的行为，并因此获得赞誉。由“making the first recorded observations of chimpanzees eating meat and using and making tools”可知，句子表示“她首次记录观察到了黑猩猩吃肉以及使用和制造工具的行为，并因此获得赞誉”，空格处意为“被认为对某事有功”，是固定短语be credited with，因此空格处是credited。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查副词。句意：制造工具曾被认为是人类独有的特征。由“Toolmaking”可知，句子表示“制造工具曾被认为是人类独有的特征”，空格处意为“独有地”，用副词exclusively修饰句子，故选J。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。句意：古道尔还指出，黑猩猩会投掷石头作为武器，用触摸和拥抱来安慰彼此，并形成了长期的家庭纽带。由下文“familial bonds”可知，句子表示“猩猩用触摸和拥抱来安慰彼此，并形成了长期的家庭纽带”，空格处意为“长期的”，是long-term作定语，故选I。 【37题详解】 考查形容词。句意：雄性黑猩猩在家庭生活中不扮演积极角色，但却是群体社会层级的一部分——黑猩猩的“种姓”制度将占主导地位的雄性置于顶层，较低种姓的个体在它们面前往往表现得顺从，试图讨好它们以避免可能的伤害。由下文“males at the top, with the lower castes often acting submissively”可知，句子表示“黑猩猩的“种姓”制度将占主导地位的雄性置于顶层”，空格处意为“占主导地位的”，是dominant，作定语。故选D。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：雄性黑猩猩在家庭生活中不扮演积极角色，但却是群体社会层级的一部分——黑猩猩的“种姓”制度将占主导地位的雄性置于顶层，较低种姓的个体在它们面前往往表现得顺从，试图讨好它们以避免可能的伤害。由下文“trying to flatter them to avoid possible harm”可知，句子表示“较低种姓的个体在它们面前往往表现得顺从，试图讨好它们以避免可能的伤害”，空格处意为“存在”，是presence，in one’s presence意为“在某人面前”，故选H。 【39题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：在另一件事例中，她观察到黑猩猩将草叶插入白蚁丘以获取昆虫。由下文“to get insects onto the blade”可知，句子表示“她观察到黑猩猩将草叶插入白蚁丘以获取昆虫”，空格处意为“插入”，是insert，observe sb. doing sth.是固定短语，意为“观察到某人在做某事”，因此空格处用现在分词inserting作宾语补足语。故选G。 【40题详解】 考查时态。句意：它们像真正的工具制造者一样，对草叶进行改造以使其更适配，然后将草叶当作长柄勺子来吃白蚁。由下文“the grass to achieve a better fit”可知，句子表示“它们像真正的工具制造者一样，对草叶进行改造以使其更适配”，空格处意为“改造”，是modify，由used可知，时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故选E。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Why do we mourn public figures? On 8 September 2022, Queen Elizabeth II died at the age of 96. At the time of writing, the UK is in the midst of a prolonged period of public mourning. Regardless of your thoughts about the monarchy, it’s undeniable that countless people were genuinely saddened by the Queen’s passing, and that many have been experiencing profound grief ____41____ it. This is a fascinating phenomenon, because grief is a complex and demanding process. So, why would so many ____42____ grief over the loss of someone they’ve likely never met, and who almost certainly had no idea that they existed? Rather than an oddity, such grief is actually ____43____. It’s because of how our brains work. Humans are incredibly social creatures. It’s the basis for our dominance of the planet. We form ____44____ connections with other individuals like no other species. But despite what many assume, this need not be a mutual thing. It’s entirely possible for us to deeply and emotionally ____45____ someone who doesn’t even know we’re there. Parasocial relationships are the basis of ____46____ culture and every sort of fandom. After all, it’s entirely possible for people to develop deep and powerful emotions for individuals who don’t even exist. If we take this into account, it suddenly doesn’t seem so odd then that people would be able to ____47____ genuine affection for a real individual, especially one who may have been a(n) ____48____ of their world for decades. ____49____, they would also then experience grief as a result of the death of that person. And because human sociability is so important, we’re often keen to express that grief with others, especially with those who share similar feelings. It’s another way of ____50____, of reinforcing our remaining connections, at a time when we’ve lost one. But humans aren’t just social. We’re also hierarchical (有层级的), we instinctively. ____51____ status, like being looked up to by others, and looking up to others in turn. We learn from others and the examples they provide. From back in the early days of our species, where aspiring to be like the best hunters or warriors was a useful survival trait, to the present day, we ____52____ to look up to, identify with and want to imitate the visibly more successful members of our society. While the death of a high-profile and beloved individual often leads to widespread public mourning, the Queen’s passing is ____53____ on an even more profound level. This is because the Queen was visibly the head of British public life for seven decades. For someone living in the UK, she was just ‘there’, all day every day. On our money, our stamps, in the anthem, involved in all our laws and politics. She was essentially ____54____. And her death showed us that one of the parts of our world which had seemed so ____55____ and unchanging, wasn’t. This made our world feel suddenly and fundamentally more uncertain. 41. A. in addition to B. as a result of C. in return for D. in contrast to 42. A. experience B. control C. disguise D. overcome 43. A. bitter B. genuine C. endless D. commonplace 44. A. apparent B. casual C. close D. emotional 45. A. refer to B. agree with C. invest in D. appeal to 46. A. celebrity B. mainstream C. street D. youth 47. A. return B. develop C. betray D. win 48. A. image B. spokesperson C. guest D. part 49. A. Scarcely B. Temporarily C. Accordingly D. Unfairly 50. A. surviving B. improving C. mourning D. bonding 51. A. examine B. question C. restore D. value 52. A. afford B. incline C. endure D. refuse 53. A. influential B. mysterious C. peaceful D. natural 54. A. international B. ideal C. inescapable D. virtuous 55. A. academic B. reliable C. diplomatic D. unreal 【答案】41. B 42. A 43. D 44. D 45. C 46. A 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. D 51. D 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨人们悼念公众人物的原因，涉及大脑运作、社交关系及层级心理，以英女王为例说明其逝世带来的深刻影响。 【41题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：不可否认的是，无数人对女王的去世感到由衷的悲痛，而且许多人因此经历着深深的悲痛。A. in addition to除……之外；B. as a result of由于，因为；C. in return for作为……的回报；D. in contrast to与……形成对比。根据上文“countless people were genuinely saddened by the Queen’s passing”可知，很多人因为女王的去世而悲痛，as a result of符合语境，many have been experiencing profound grief as a result of it 意思是“许多人因为女王的去世而经历着深深的悲痛”。故选B项。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么，为什么会有这么多人会为一个他们可能从未见过，而且几乎肯定不知道他们存在的人的离世而经历悲痛呢？A. experience经历；B. control控制；C. disguise伪装；D. overcome克服。根据上文“many have been experiencing profound grief”可知，这里说的是人们经历悲痛，experience grief。表示“经历悲痛”，符合语境。故选A项。 【43题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种悲痛并非怪事，实际上是很常见的。A. bitter痛苦的；B. genuine真诚的；C. endless无尽的；D. commonplace常见的，普通的。根据上文“Rather than an oddity”以及下文“It’s because of how our brains work.”可知，这种悲痛是常见的，commonplace符合语境。故选D项。 【44题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们与其他个体形成了情感上的联系，这是其他物种所没有的。A. apparent明显的；B. casual随意的；C. close亲密的；D. emotional情感上的。根据下文“it’s entirely possible for us to deeply and emotionally invest in someone who doesn’t even know we’re there”可知，这里强调的是情感上的联系，emotional符合语义。故选D项。 【45题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们完全有可能在情感上投入到一个甚至不知道我们存在的人身上。A. refer to参考，涉及；B. agree with同意；C. invest in投入；D. appeal to吸引。根据上文提到人类会与他人形成联系，以及“this need not be a mutual thing”可知，这里说我们可能在情感上投入到一个不认识我们的人身上，invest in符合语境，invest in someone，表示在某人身上投入情感。故选C项。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：准社会关系是名人文化和各种粉丝群体的基础。A. celebrity名人；B. mainstream主流；C. street街道；D. youth青年。根据上文“Parasocial relationships”以及下文“and every sort of fandom”和语境可知，准社会关系是名人文化的基础，celebrity culture，表示“名人文化”，符合语境。故选A项。 【47题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们考虑到这一点，那么人们能够对一个真实的人产生真正的喜爱，尤其是一个可能几十年来一直是他们世界一部分的人，这突然就不那么奇怪了。A. return返回；B. develop发展，产生；C. betray背叛；D. win赢得。根据上文人们会在情感上投入到他人身上，以及“genuine affection for a real individual”可知，这里说人们能够产生对一个真实的人的喜爱，develop affection，表示“产生喜爱”，符合语境。故选B项。 【48题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们考虑到这一点，那么人们能够对一个真实的人产生真正的喜爱，尤其是一个可能几十年来一直是他们世界一部分的人，这突然就不那么奇怪了。A. image形象；B. spokesperson发言人；C. guest客人；D. part部分。根据下文“for decades”以及女王在英国的地位等可知，女王几十年来一直是很多人世界的一部分，a part of their world符合语境。故选D项。 【49题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们也会因为那个人的去世而经历悲痛。A. Scarcely几乎不；B. Temporarily暂时地；C. Accordingly因此；D. Unfairly不公平地。根据上文“people would be able to 　7　 genuine affection for a real individual”可知，人们会对一个人产生喜爱，那么相应地，当这个人去世时就会经历悲痛，Accordingly，表示“因此”，符合上下文逻辑关系。故选C项。 【50题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们失去一种联系的时候，这是另一种建立联系的方式，是强化我们剩余联系的方式。A. surviving幸存；B. improving提高；C. mourning哀悼；D. bonding建立关系。根据下文“of reinforcing our remaining connections”可知，这里说的是一种建立联系的方式，bonding，表示“建立关系”，符合语境。故选D项。 【51题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们是有层级的，我们本能地重视地位，比如被别人仰望，反过来又仰望别人。A. examine检查；B. question质疑；C. restore恢复；D. value重视。根据上文“We’re also hierarchical (有层级的)”以及下文“like being looked up to by others, and looking up to others in turn”可知，我们本能地重视地位，value status，表示“重视地位”，符合语境。故选D项。 【52题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从我们物种的早期开始，渴望像最好的猎手或战士一样是一种有用的生存特征，到了今天，我们倾向于仰望、认同并想要模仿我们社会中明显更成功的成员。A. afford负担得起；B. incline倾向；C. endure忍受；D. refuse拒绝。根据上文“From back in the early days of our species, where aspiring to be like the best hunters or warriors was a useful survival trait, to the present day”可知，我们一直以来都倾向于仰望更成功的人，incline to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，符合语境。故选B项。 【53题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然一位备受瞩目和爱戴的人物的去世往往会导致广泛的公众哀悼，但女王的去世在更深层次上产生了影响。A. influential有影响力的；B. mysterious神秘的；C. peaceful和平的；D. natural自然的。根据 下文“the Queen was visibly the head of British public life for seven decades”可知，女王的去世影响很大，influential符合语境。故选A项。 【54题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她基本上是无法回避的。A. international国际的；B. ideal理想的；C. inescapable无法回避的；D. virtuous有道德的。根据上文“For someone living in the UK, she was just ‘there’, all day every day. On our money, our stamps, in the anthem, involved in all our laws and politics.”可知，女王在英国人的生活中无处不在，是无法回避的，inescapable符合语境。故选C项。 【55题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的去世向我们表明，我们世界中似乎如此可靠和不变的一部分，并非如此。A. academic学术的；B. reliable可靠的；C. diplomatic外交的；D. unreal不真实的。根据下文“and unchanging”以及女王在英国长期存在的情况可知，这里说的是女王曾经是被认为可靠和不变的一部分，reliable符合语境。故选B项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. (A) For years, spring in our town was welcomed by Leon and Jo Martin, who owned the Dairy Queen. Every year, after their winter stay in Florida, they would post the words “Now Hiring” on their sign. I would walk past, see the sign, see Leon and Jo readying for their spring opening, and feel winter’s departure. It was as accurate an indication of spring as any calendar. When they died and their children sold the Dairy Queen to an out-of-town outfit who kept it open year-round, it threw off our town’s circadian rhythms (生物钟). Something terrible. We’re still not sure when spring begins. Well, that’s not entirely accurate. When the implement store on the west edge of town, where Johnston’s IGA grocery store used to be, stops selling snowplows and starts selling lawn mowers, that’s a pretty good sign winter is coming to an end. If they should drop the ball, Frank Gladden is sure to stand at our Quaker meeting and announce that volunteers are needed for our spring fish fry. Frank’s announcement is as reliable as any clock and invariably mixed with worry and regret that this might be the last year of the fish fry if volunteers aren’t forthcoming. “We’re not getting any younger,” he announces. Frank is 82 years old, but he’s been saying that since 1961, so we Quakers aren’t alarmed. The Fairfield Friends Fish Fry is as constant as sunrise. But let us suppose both the implement store and Frank Gladden neglect their duties and we are cast adrift, unaware of spring’s arrival. We would then have to look and see whether Bill Eddy, our town’s plumber, was wearing a coat. When the first leaf falls to the ground in the autumn, Bill pulls on his Carhartt coat and doesn’t remove it until spring. I’ve known Bill since we were in first grade together, so I know well about his habits. He wears that Carhartt everywhere, inside and outside. There are other signs of spring if one is watchful. The deer lighten in color, the dog sheds, the buds swell, the snow melts on the south hillside, and the bloodroot in our woodlot pushes out its petals. The calf (牛犊) appears, following its mother because of hunger. Who needs a calendar when a calf is nearby? 56. What can be learned about the Dairy Queen from the first paragraph? A. It was moved to Florida. B. It used to be closed in winter. C. It is now owned by Leon and Jo’s children. D. It has several branches out of the town. 57. According to the writer, which of the following is a sign that winter is over? A. The deer turns into a darker color. B. Bill Eddy stops wearing his Carhartt coat. C. The Quaker meeting starts to call for volunteers. D. Johnston’s IGA grocery store starts to sell lawn mowers. 58. By “as constant as sunrise”, the writer means that the Fairfield Friends Fish Fry ________. A. has a long history B. makes excellent fried fish C. opens very early every day D. is sure to continue its business 59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Why I Love Spring B. Every Changing Spring C. How I Know It’s Spring D. Spring: All Comes to Life 【答案】56. B 57. B 58. D 59. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过描述小镇上多个预示春天到来的传统和迹象，反映了小镇居民对春天的敏感和期待，展现了当地社区的文化和记忆。 【56题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“For years, spring in our town was welcomed by Leon and Jo Martin, who owned the Dairy Queen. Every year, after their winter stay in Florida, they would post the words “Now Hiring” on their sign. I would walk past, see the sign, see Leon and Jo readying for their spring opening, and feel winter’s departure. (多年来，Leon和Jo Martin欢迎春天来到我们镇上，他们是冰雪皇后的老板。每年，在佛罗里达过完冬天后，他们都会在招牌上写上“招聘”。我走过那里，看到招牌，看到Leon和Jo准备迎接春天的到来，感觉到了冬天的离去)”可知，镇上的冰雪皇后店铺在冬天结束时开始招聘，准备营业。由此可知，它过去通常在冬天关门。故选B项。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When the first leaf falls to the ground in the autumn, Bill pulls on his Carhartt coat and doesn’t remove it until spring. (秋天，当第一片叶子落在地上时，Bill穿上他的卡哈特外套，直到春天才脱下来)”可知，Bill Eddy不再穿他的卡哈特外套了意味着春天到来了，即冬天结束了。需注意第二段中“When the implement store on the west edge of town, where Johnston’s IGA grocery store used to be, stops selling snowplows and starts selling lawn mowers, that’s a pretty good sign winter is coming to an end. (当小镇西部边缘的工具商店，也就是Johnston的IGA杂货店的所在地，停止销售扫雪机，开始销售割草机时，这是一个很好的迹象，表明冬天即将结束)”提到Johnston的IGA杂货店开始出售割草机是冬天即将结束的一个迹象，并不意味着冬天结束了。故选B项。 【58题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Frank’s announcement is as reliable as any clock and invariably mixed with worry and regret that this might be the last year of the fish fry if volunteers aren’t forthcoming. (Frank的声明像任何时钟一样可靠，而且总是夹杂着担忧和遗憾，如果志愿者不来，这可能是最后一年的炸鱼)”和第四段中““We’re not getting any younger,” he announces. Frank is 82 years old, but he’s been saying that since 1961, so we Quakers aren’t alarmed. (“我们不再年轻了，”他宣布。Frank已经82岁了，但他从1961年起就一直这么说，所以我们贵格会教徒并不担心)”可知，Frank一直担心志愿者不来，无法继续春季炸鱼活动，但是这么多年来这个活动一直在继续。由此可知，画线部分表示“一定会继续经营下去”。故选D项。 【59题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“There are other signs of spring if one is watchful. (如果你留心的话，还有其他春天的迹象)”可知，作者通过描述小镇上多个预示春天到来的传统和迹象，如冰雪皇后的招牌、工具店的变化、春季炸鱼声明、水管工的外套等，反映了小镇居民对春天的敏感和期待，展现了当地社区的文化和记忆。因此，C项“我怎么知道春天到了”契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 (B) WORD OF THE DAY March 13, 2025 curfew noun | KER-fyoo Definition Curfew refers to a law or order that requires people to be indoors after a certain time at night, as well as to the period of time when such an order or law is in effect. Chiefly in the United States. //No one is allowed on the streets during the curfew. //Lana has a 10 o’clock curfew, so we need to bring her home right after the movie. SEE THE ENTRY > Examples “[LEW] Alcindor narrowed his college choice to Michigan, Columbia, St. John’s, and UCLA. He liked Columbia as the chance to attend school walking distance to Harlem and a subway ride to the jazz clubs he had to leave early as a high schooler to make curfew.” — Scott Howard-Cooper, Kingdom on Fire: Kareem, Wooden, Walton, and the Turbulent Days of the UCLA Basketball Dynasty, 2024 Did you know? Curfews set by parents (and kept or broken by their offspring) do not echo the origins of the word curfew in any noticeable way—if they did, they’d need to at least hint at the sound of a bell. When curfew was first used in the 14th century, it referred to the sounding of a bell at evening to alert people that they should cover their hearth (壁炉) fires for the night—a necessary warning, as many European houses in the Middle Ages were close enough to each other that fires could spread easily from one to the next. The word came to English from Anglo-French, in which the signal was called coverfeu, a compound of covrir, meaning “to cover,” and feu, “fire.” Even when hearth fires were no longer regulated, many towns had other rules that called for ringing an evening bell, including one that required people to be off the streets by a given time, a development that granted curfew permission to go out and about with a broader meaning. SEE MORE WORDS OF THE DAY > 60. Where do you most probably find this text? A. Real-time transcripts of a podcast program. B. A scholar column in a literary magazine. C. An enrollment guide of a language course. D. A link in an online dictionary application. 61. Which of the following is true according to the text? A. The word curfew was coined in Anglo-French to hint the sound of an evening bell. B. In Middle Ages, fires spread easily simply because the hearth fires were not covered. C. Curfew’s modern use doesn’t reflect its origin as hearth fires were no longer regulated. D. Originally, the word curfew was a compound noun signaling extinguished fireplaces. 62. Which of the following examples is an American usage of Curfew? A. Protesters disobeyed the curfew and took to the streets. B. Why do you have to go home now if you don’t have a curfew? C. The dusk-to-dawn curfew imposed by the army was lifted after the war. D. It’s against the criminal law of the state to be in the street after the curfew. 【答案】60. D 61. A 62. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。详细解释了“curfew”这个词的定义、用法、例句以及词源等信息。 【60题详解】 推理判断题。根据本文标题“WORD OF THE DAY(今日一词)”以及纵观全文和最后一段“SEE MORE WORDS OF THE DAY >(查看更多今日词汇)”可知，本文介绍了“curfew”这个词的定义、用法、例句以及词源等信息，是词典中常见的词条格式，而最后一句则是网站常见信息，所以本文应是来自在线词典应用程序中的链接。故选D项。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据Did you know?下的“When curfew was first used in the 14th century, it referred to the sounding of a bell at evening to alert people that they should cover their hearth (壁炉) fires for the night—a necessary warning, as many European houses in the Middle Ages were close enough to each other that fires could spread easily from one to the next. The word came to English from Anglo-French, in which the signal was called coverfeu, a compound of covrir, meaning “to cover,” and feu, “fire.”(当curfew在14世纪首次被使用时，它指的是在晚上敲响钟声，提醒人们晚上应该把壁炉里的火盖上——这是一个必要的警告，因为中世纪的许多欧洲房屋彼此距离很近，火灾很容易从一间房屋蔓延到另一间房屋。这个词是从盎格鲁-法语传入英语的，在英语中，这个信号被称为coverfeu，是covrir（意思是覆盖）和feu（意思是火）的合成词)”可知，“curfew”这个词是在英法中创造出来的，用来暗示晚上的钟声。故选A项。 【62题详解】 推理判断题。根据Definition下的“Curfew refers to a law or order that requires people to be indoors after a certain time at night, as well as to the period of time when such an order or law is in effect. Chiefly in the United States.(“宵禁”指的是一项法律或命令，要求人们在夜间特定时间之后必须待在室内，同时也指该命令或法律生效的时间段。这主要在美国使用)”以及“Lana has a 10 o’clock curfew, so we need to bring her home right after the movie.(拉娜有10点宵禁，所以我们得在看完电影后马上送她回家)”可知，Curfew在美国主要指个人宵禁，所以B项“如果没有宵禁，你为什么要现在回家？”为个人宵禁，符合美国人对宵禁的用法。故选B项。 (C) ①Along with 3 million other workers, Eamonn, a civil servant, used to commute into London daily. It was once an easy trip of 30 minutes by train from Coulsdon South to Victoria. But after years of strikes and driver shortages at Southern Rail, the operator on that line, getting to work became a lottery—a train running on time felt like a “luxury for special occasions only”, he complains, With Southern cancelling up to 350 trains a day, in one three-week period last autumn he managed to get to the office on only two days. Eventually he moved to Liverpool to escape his awful commute. ②Many other Londoners are changing the way they work because of the railways’ poor, pricey service. On January 2nd rail fares across Britain rose by an average of 3.4%, the largest increase since 2013. Over the past decade fares have risen twice as fast as salaries. Falling subsidies (补贴) mean that passengers now pick up 70% of the rail network’s costs, up from 50% ten years ago. ③Until now, passengers have put up with it. Since the industry was privatized in the mid-1990s, the number of rail journeys in the south-east has increased by 130%, though fares have risen by 45% in real terms. But that seems to be changing. The year to April 2017 saw the first big drop in passenger numbers in the south-east. ④Many rail executives blame a slowdown related to Brexit for falling traffic. But that doesn’t explain why the drop-off has been highest in the south-east. Indeed, since referendum (全名公投) in June 2016, output in London has grown faster than in any other British region and employment has risen. ⑤More likely it is high fares and unreliable service that are persuading commuters to change how they work, says Stephen Joseph of the Campaign for Better Transport. In the six months to September, journeys made on season tickets—which save money for daily commuters—fell by a tenth, while journeys made using single-use tickets continued to rise. The trend is strongest in the south-east, where fares are highest and services heavily disrupted. With more part-time jobs and technology that lets people work from home, going to the office every day is falling out of fashion. Employers, facing high rents, are keen to encourage this. The amount of space per employee in the City of London has fallen from 17 square metres in the 1990s to just 11 now. ⑥The government is considering limiting fare increases more strictly in the future. That would cut train operators’ profit further. Mr. Joseph suggests that moving to a simpler fare structure, with season tickets for part-time commuters, could draw more people back onto trains, as such schemes have elsewhere in Europe. 63. According to the first paragraph, what does Eamonn complain about in terms of the train service? A. Punctuality. B. Facilities. C. Interval. D. Routes. 64. Which of the following statements is true according to paragraphs 2 and 3? A. Fares rose by 45%in real terms in the year to April 2017. B. Rail fares across Britain have increased by 3.4% since the year of 2013. C. Fewer people in the south-east commute by train now than in the 1990s. D. Fares cover a bigger part of the rail network’s costs now than a decade ago. 65. The writer mentions the growth of output in London in paragraph 4 in order to ________. A. reveal that London has been recovering since the 2016 referendum B. argue that it was not the slowdown that led to the failing traffic C. illustrate how Brexit affected Britain’s economy D. cast doubt on the rise of employment in London 66. What can be inferred from paragraphs 5 and 6? A. The government has taken train operators’ profit too seriously. B. The number of people commuting to work every day is on the decline. C. Single-use tickets are just available to part-time commuters in the south-east. D. Stephen Joseph thinks it necessary to stick to the current policy of season tickets. 【答案】63. A 64. D 65. B 66. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了伦敦铁路服务因罢工、司机短缺等问题导致服务质量差、票价高，使得乘客数量下降，人们改变通勤方式，以及政府和相关人士对此提出的一些看法和建议。 【63题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“But after years of strikes and driver shortages at Southern Rail, the operator on that line, getting to work became a lottery—a train running on time felt like a “luxury for special occasions only”, he complains, (但是，经过多年的罢工和这条线路的运营商南方铁路的司机短缺，上班变得像买彩票一样——一列准时运行的火车感觉像是“只有在特殊场合才会有的奢侈品”，他抱怨道)” 可知，Eamonn 抱怨的是火车的准点率问题。故选A。 【64题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Falling subsidies (补贴) mean that passengers now pick up 70% of the rail network’s costs, up from 50% ten years ago.(补贴的减少意味着乘客现在要承担铁路网络 70% 的成本，而十年前这一比例为 50%。)” 可知，现在票价在铁路网络成本中所占的比例比十年前更大了。故选D。 【65题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Many rail executives blame a slowdown related to Brexit for falling traffic. But that doesn’t explain why the drop-off has been highest in the south-east. Indeed, since referendum (全名公投) in June 2016, output in London has grown faster than in any other British region and employment has risen.(许多铁路高管将客流量下降归咎于英国脱欧相关的经济放缓。但这并不能解释为什么东南部的客流量下降幅度最大。事实上，自 2016 年 6 月公投以来，伦敦的产出增长速度比英国其他任何地区都快，就业率也有所上升)” 可推知，作者提到伦敦产出的增长是为了论证不是经济放缓导致了客流量下降。故选B。 【66题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“With more part-time jobs and technology that lets people work from home, going to the office every day is falling out of fashion.(随着更多的兼职工作和让人们可以在家工作的技术出现，每天去办公室上班已经不再流行)” 可推知，每天通勤上班的人数在下降。故选B。 (D) When you pick up your phone in the morning, you begin generating the data that make up Silicon Valley’s most important resource. That, at least, is how we ought to think about the role of data-creation in the economy, according to a new economics paper. Artificial intelligence (AI) is getting better all the time, and is expected to transform a host of industries, say the authors. But, in order to learn to drive a car or recognize a face, the algorithms must usually be trained on massive amounts of data. Internet firms gather these data from users every time they click on a search result, say, or issue a command to a virtual assistant, like Siri or Alex. People “pay” for useful free services by providing firms with the data they desire. These data become part of the firms’ capital, and as such, a fearsome source of competitive advantage. Would-be startups that might challenge internet giants cannot train their AIs without access to the data only those giants possess. Their best hope is often to be acquired by those very same giants, adding to the problem of uncompetitive markets. That, for now, AI’s contributions to productivity growth are small, the authors say, is partly because of the free-data model, which limits the quality of data gathered. Firms trying to develop useful applications for AI must hope that the data they have are sufficient, or come up with ways to cheating users into providing them with better information at no cost. Even so, as Al improves, the amount of work made likely to be displaced by technology grows, and ever more of the value generated in the economy belongs to profitable firms rather than workers. As the authors point out, the share of GDP paid out to workers in wages and salaries — once thought to be relatively stable — has already been decline over the past few decades. To tackle these problems, they have an innovative proposal. Rather than being regarded as capital, data should be treated as labour — and, more specifically, regarded as the property of those who generate such information, unless they agree to provide it to firms in exchange for payment. In such a world, user data might be sold multiple times to multiple firms, reducing the extent to which data sets serve as barriers to entry. Payments to users for their data would help spread the wealth generated by AI. Firms could also potentially generate better data by paying. Rather than guess what a person is up to as they wander around a shopping centre, for example, firms could ask individuals to share information on which shops were visited and which items were viewed, in exchange for payment. Perhaps most ambitiously, the authors think that data labour could come to be seen as useful work, with the same sort of dignity as paid employment, a desirable side-effect in a possible future of mass automation. 67. According to the new paper, what do people pay when they get a satisfactory search result? A. The data. B. The time. C. The service. D. The command. 68. Which of the following is one of “these problems” (in paragraph 6)? A. Start-ups are struggling not to be acquired by giants. B. There is a decline in how much AI engineers earn. C. The quality of data is far from satisfactory. D. The competition for data is much too fierce. 69. Which of the following is true according to the proposal in the new paper? A. The internet industry should move faster to mass automation. B. AI firms should break the barriers to enter the industry. C. People should earn money by sharing their data. D. Data should be labelled with more properties. 70. What, in essence, does the new paper put forward? A. An attempt that can be made to gather better information at the lowest cost. B. A method by which Al firms make a profit by using data more economically. C. A perspective on the relationship between internet companies and their users. D. An approach to thinking about the role data plays in technology development. 【答案】67. A 68. C 69. C 70. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了新的论文表明人们在搜索的时候，会通过自己的搜索数据来支付这种免费服务。指出数据应该被视为劳动力，得到报酬。 【67题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Internet firms gather these data from users every time they click on a search result, say, or issue a command to a virtual assistant, like Siri or Alex. People “pay” for useful free services by providing firms with the data they desire.(每当用户点击搜索结果，或者向Siri或Alex等虚拟助手发出命令时，互联网公司都会从用户那里收集这些数据。人们通过向公司提供他们想要的数据来“支付”有用的免费服务)”可知，根据这篇新论文，当人们得到满意的搜索结果时，他们会付出数据。故选A。 【68题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“In such a world, user data might be sold multiple times to multiple firms, reducing the extent to which data sets serve as barriers to entry.(在这样一个世界里，用户数据可能被多次出售给多个公司，从而降低了数据集作为进入壁垒的程度)”可知，数据的质量远不能令人满意是“这些问题”之一。故选C。 【69题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Rather than guess what a person is up to as they wander around a shopping centre, for example, firms could ask individuals to share information on which shops were visited and which items were viewed, in exchange for payment. Perhaps most ambitiously, the authors think that data labour could come to be seen as useful work, with the same sort of dignity as paid employment, a desirable side-effect in a possible future of mass automation.(例如，公司可以要求个人分享访问过哪些商店和浏览过哪些商品的信息，以换取报酬，而不是猜测一个人在购物中心闲逛时在做什么。也许最雄心勃勃的是，作者认为数据劳动可以被视为有用的工作，与有偿工作一样有尊严，这是未来大规模自动化可能带来的一个令人满意的副作用)”可知，C选项“人们应该通过分享数据来赚钱”正确。故选C。 【70题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“When you pick up your phone in the morning, you begin generating the data that make up Silicon Valley’s most important resource. That, at least, is how we ought to think about the role of data-creation in the economy, according to a new economics paper.(当你早上拿起手机时，你就开始生成数据，这些数据构成了硅谷最重要的资源。根据一篇新的经济学论文，这至少是我们应该如何看待数据创造在经济中的作用)”以及最后一段“Rather than being regarded as capital, data should be treated as labour — and, more specifically, regarded as the property of those who generate such information, unless they agree to provide it to firms in exchange for payment.(数据不应该被视为资本，而应该被视为劳动力——更具体地说，应该被视为产生这些信息的人的财产，除非他们同意将数据提供给公司以换取报酬)”可知，从本质上讲，这篇新论文提出了关于互联网公司和用户关系的观点。故选C。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Iron Cooks Robots have arrived in American restaurants and hotels for the same reasons they first arrived on factory floors. ____71____ Labor, meanwhile, is getting expensive, as some cities and states pass laws raising the minimum wage. “We think we’ve hit the point where labor-wage rates are now making automation of those tasks make a lot more sense,” Bob Wright, the chief operations officer of the fast-food chain Wendy’s, said in a conference call with investors last February, referring to jobs that feature “repetitive production tasks.” Wendy’s and McDonald’s are in the process of installing self-service kiosks (售货亭) in locations across the country, allowing customers to order without ever talking to an employee. ____72____ The international chain CaliBurger, for example will soon install Flippy, a robot that can make 150 burgers an hour. John Miller, the CEO of Cali Group, which owns the chain, says employees don’t like working in the kitchen. Once the robots are sweating there, human employees will be free to interact with customers in more-targeted ways, bringing them extra napkins and asking them how they’re enjoying their burgers. How many employees, though, do you need working in the cafe? ____73____ Will companies like CaliBurger see sufficient value in employing human greeters and soup-and-sandwich deliverers to keep those positions around long-term? The experience of Eatsa may be instructive. The start-up restaurant, based in San Francisco, allows customers to order its quinoa bowls and salads on their smartphone or an in-store tablet and then pick up their order from a white wall of cubbies (小房间)—an Automat for the app age. Initially, two greeters were stationed alongside the cubbies to welcome and direct customers. ____74____ So the company now employs a single greeter in its restaurants. A. The early success of the kiosks suggests that, at least when ordering fast food, customers prize speed over high-touch customer service. B. Business owners insist that robots will take over work that is dirty, dangerous, or just dull, enabling humans to focus on other tasks. C. The better hope for workers might be that automation helps the food-service industry continue to develop. D. But over time, customers relied less frequently on the greeters. E. The cost of machines has fallen significantly in recent years, dropping 40 percent since 2005. F. This has typically been the story of automation: Technology eliminates old jobs, but it also creates new ones. 【答案】71. E 72. B 73. A 74. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。讨论了机器人和自动化技术在美国餐饮业中的应用及其影响。 【71题详解】 根据前文“Robots have arrived in American restaurants and hotels for the same reasons they first arrived on factory floors.(机器人进入美国餐馆和酒店的原因与它们最初进入工厂车间的原因相同)”可知，后文应是介绍原因，所以E项“The cost of machines has fallen significantly in recent years, dropping 40 percent since 2005.(近年来，机器成本大幅下降，自2005年以来下降了40%)”符合文意，介绍原因，并和后文“Labor, meanwhile, is getting expensive, as some cities and states pass laws raising the minimum wage.(与此同时，由于一些城市和州通过了提高最低工资的法律，劳动力成本正在变得越来越高)”形成对比。故选E项。 【72题详解】 设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“The international chain CaliBurger, for example will soon install Flippy, a robot that can make 150 burgers an hour. John Miller, the CEO of Cali Group, which owns the chain, says employees don’t like working in the kitchen. Once the robots are sweating there, human employees will be free to interact with customers in more-targeted ways, bringing them extra napkins and asking them how they’re enjoying their burgers.(例如，国际连锁餐厅CaliBurger很快就会安装机器人Flippy，一小时能做150个汉堡。拥有这家连锁店的卡利集团（Cali Group）首席执行官约翰·米勒（John Miller）说，员工不喜欢在厨房工作。一旦机器人在那里大汗淋漓，人类员工将可以自由地以更有针对性的方式与顾客互动，给他们带来额外的餐巾纸，并询问他们是否喜欢他们的汉堡)”可知，本段讲述机器人将接管肮脏、危险或枯燥的工作，使人类能够专注于其他任务，所以B项“Business owners insist that robots will take over work that is dirty, dangerous, or just dull, enabling humans to focus on other tasks.(企业主坚持认为，机器人将接管肮脏、危险或枯燥的工作，使人类能够专注于其他任务)”符合本段主题，为本段中心句。故选B项。 【73题详解】 根据前文“How many employees, though, do you need working in the cafe?(那么，你需要多少员工在咖啡馆工作呢？)”可知，后文应是回答，A项“The early success of the kiosks suggests that, at least when ordering fast food, customers prize speed over high-touch customer service.(售货亭的早期成功表明，至少在订购快餐时，顾客更看重速度，而不是高接触的客户服务)”是通过其他例子，对前文进行委婉的回答，符合文意。故选A项。 【74题详解】 根据前文“Initially, two greeters were stationed alongside the cubbies to welcome and direct customers.(最初，两名迎宾员驻扎在小隔间旁边，欢迎和指导顾客)”以及后文“So the company now employs a single greeter in its restaurants.(因此，该公司现在在其餐厅雇佣了一名迎宾员)”可知，前文提到有两人，后文变成了一人，所以空处应是解释原因，D项“But over time, customers relied less frequently on the greeters.(但随着时间的推移，顾客对迎宾员的依赖减少了)”符合文意，解释了变成一人的原因，和后文构成因果关系。故选D项。 IV. Summary Writing (95) 75. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Do You Find It So Hard to Not Multitask? Most of us do multitasking almost daily. But it’s time to change that. Let’s take the smartphone for example. On average you check your phone 110 times a day—that means you’re spending 23 days every year glued to your smartphone! How productive do you think that makes you? Habits encouraging you to multitask make you unproductive. But it’s hard to let go of these habits because you’ve conditioned your brain to send misleading signals to your body. Research has shown that when you multitask “successfully”, you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine, the happy hormone. You feel so good that you believe you’re being effective and this further encourages your multitasking habit. This rush can also make you overly optimistic, less careful about the work you do and more likely to make mistakes, Multitaskers basically get addicted to this rush which leads them to believe they are being effective when in fact they’re not. Since our brains can only effectively focus on one thing at a time, monotasking is the way for you to accomplish more in less time. Research has suggested you’re 50% quicker on average to accomplish a task if you monotask, and you’re also 50% less likely to make errors. So it’s a win-win for everyone! You’ll also be able to appreciate things on a deeper level and get more enjoyment from them when you’re focused. Now you’re probably desperate to find out how to get rid of this multitasking habit so you can find real productivity. There is no easy answer. You simply have to commit to it and have the self discipline to stick to one task at a time. Just say to yourself: When I walk, I walk. When I talk to someone, I talk to someone. Focus on the one thing you are doing. And like that, you’ve mastered monotasking ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Multitasking reduces productivity and leads to mistakes due to the brain's addiction to dopamine-driven multitasking rushes. Monotasking, focusing on one task at a time, increases efficiency and accuracy while enhancing enjoyment. Breaking multitasking habits requires self-discipline and commitment to single-task focus. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨人们难以停止多任务处理的原因，指出多任务处理会降低效率、导致错误，阐述单任务处理的优势，并强调需要自律来改变多任务处理的习惯。 【详解】1.要点摘录： ① Habits encouraging you to multitask make you unproductive. ② Research has shown that when you multitask “successfully”, you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine, the happy hormone. You feel so good that you believe you’re being effective and this further encourages your multitasking habit. This rush can also make you overly optimistic, less careful about the work you do and more likely to make mistakes, Multitaskers basically get addicted to this rush which leads them to believe they are being effective when in fact they’re not.. ③ Research has suggested you’re 50% quicker on average to accomplish a task if you monotask, and you’re also 50% less likely to make errors. So it’s a win-win for everyone! You’ll also be able to appreciate things on a deeper level and get more enjoyment from them when you’re focused. ④ You simply have to commit to it and have the self discipline to stick to one task at a time. 2.缜密构思：将要点①②整合为多任务处理效率低下的原因；要点③单独呈现单任务处理的好处；要点④作为改变习惯的方式，从而形成完整且逻辑清晰的概括。 3.遣词造句 Multitasking reduces productivity and leads to mistakes due to the brain's addiction to dopamine-driven multitasking rushes. Monotasking, focusing on one task at a time, increases efficiency and accuracy while enhancing enjoyment. Breaking multitasking habits requires self-discipline and commitment to single-task focus. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Breaking multitasking habits requires self-discipline and commitment to single-task focus.（运用了动名词做主语） 【高分句型 2】Monotasking, focusing on one task at a time, increases efficiency and accuracy while enhancing enjoyment.（运用了while引导的状语从句的省略） V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 76. 人们普遍认为，我们是否对他人的处境有同理心，是一个可能决定我们是否会向陌生人伸出援手的主要因素。(determine, reach) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is generally believed that whether we have empathy for others’ situations is a main factor that may determine whether we reach out to strangers. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型，名词性从句和定语从句以及固定搭配。根据所给中文句子，“人们普遍认为”可用固定句型：It is generally believed that，that引导宾语从句，“我们是否对他人的处境有同理心”为whether引导的主语从句，作宾语从句的主语，“对...有同理心”可用固定搭配：have empathy for，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，“他人的处境”译为others’ situations，“是一个主要因素”作宾语从句的谓语和表语，译为is a main factor，“可能决定我们是否会向陌生人伸出援手”可用that引导的定语从句，修饰factor，在从句中作主语，“可能决定”用情态动词may，意为may determine，“否会向陌生人伸出援手”为whether引导的宾语从句，“伸出援手”用固定搭配：reach out to。故译为：It is generally believed that whether we have empathy for others’ situations is a main factor that may determine whether we reach out to strangers. 77. 在一个寒冷的周二早上，亨利按照老师的要求打印了一份核心词汇用法的学习资料，他决心要背完至少一半，结果却发现自己完全没有学习的兴致。(request n., only, mood) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 【答案】On a cold Tuesday morning, Henry printed a piece of study material on the usage of core vocabulary at the request of his teacher, determined to memorize at least half of it, only to find that he was in no mood for studying. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、固定短语、非谓语动词。表示“一个寒冷的周二早上”用on a cold Tuesday morning，作时间状语，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“亨利”用Henry，作主语；表示“打印了一份核心词汇用法的学习资料”用print a study material on the usage of core vocabulary，结合语境可知事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，谓语用print的过去式printed；表示“按照老师的要求”用at the request of his teacher；表示“决心作某事”用be determined to do sth.，作状语，去掉be动词；表示“背完至少一半”用memorize at least half of it，位于不定式符号to后，动词用原形；表示“结果却发现自己完全没有学习的兴致”用only to find that he was in no mood for studying，其中only to do sth.作状语，表示出乎意料的结果，in no mood for doing sth.是固定短语，表示“没有做某事的心情”。故翻译为On a cold Tuesday morning, Henry printed a piece of study material on the usage of core vocabulary at the request of his teacher, determined to memorize at least half of it, only to find that he was in no mood for studying. 78. 为了确保运动员们能够在奥运会的激烈竞争中生存下来，教练团队己精心安排他们遵循严格的训练计划，以防因不适应比赛环境而出现意外。(survive, arrange, in case) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________ 【答案】In order to ensure that athletes can survive the fierce competition in the Olympic Games, the coaching team has arranged for them to follow a strict training plan in case any accident occurs due to their inadaptability to the competition environment. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语、宾语从句、时态和目的状语从句。“为了确保运动员们能够在奥运会的激烈竞争中生存下来”作目的状语，“为了”用固定短语in order to，后接动词原形，“确保”用动词ensure，后面接宾语从句“运动员们能够在奥运会的激烈竞争中生存下来”，用连词that引导，译为that athletes can survive the fierce competition in the Olympic Games；“教练团队己精心安排他们遵循严格的训练计划”是主句，主语“教练团队”用the coaching team，“安排他们做某事”用动词短语arrange for them to do sth.，强调已经完成的动作对现在的影响，谓语动词用现在完成时态has arranged for them to do sth.，“遵循严格的训练计划”用动词短语follow a strict training plan，用不定式形式；“以防因不适应比赛环境而出现意外”作目的状语从句，用复合连词in case引导从句，译为in case any accident occurs due to their inadaptability to the competition environment，其中介词短语due to their inadaptability to the competition environment作原因状语。综上，全句译为：In order to ensure that athletes can survive the fierce competition in the Olympic Games, the coaching team has arranged for them to follow a strict training plan in case any accident occurs due to their inadaptability to the competition environment. 79. 汤姆从未想过他的同事把地图忘在了车里，让他们困在树林中。随着夜幕降临，他们没有相互抱怨，而是保持冷静，并最终找到了附近的一座小木屋过夜。(occur, leave, end) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 【答案】It never occurred to Tom that his colleague had left the map in the car, leaving them stranded in the woods. As night fell, they didn’t complain to each other but stayed calm instead, and finally found a small cabin nearby to end the night. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、固定句型和非谓语动词。表示“汤姆从未想过”用it never occurred to Tom，其中it occurred to sb. that...是固定句型，表示“某人突然想到……”，此处用其否定形式，且事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时；表示“他的同事把地图忘在了车里”用his colleague had left the map in the car，leave这一动作发生在occur之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时；表示“让他们困在树林中”用leaving them stranded in the woods，此处用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果；表示“随着夜幕降临”用as night fell，as引导时间状语从句；表示“他们没有相互抱怨”用they didn’t complain to each other；表示“而是保持冷静”用but stayed calm instead，instead表示“相反，而是”；表示“并最终找到了附近的一座小木屋过夜”用and finally found a small cabin nearby to end the night，其中to end the night作目的状语。故翻译为It never occurred to Tom that his colleague had left the map in the car, leaving them stranded in the woods. As night fell, they didn’t complain to each other but stayed calm instead, and finally found a small cabin nearby to end the night. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $