2025届高三英语一轮复习状语从句课件

高考语法专项—— 状语从句 Adverbial Clauses 观察下列句中的划线部分，并说明在句中所充当的成分 (1)Tom speaks English very fast. (2)The scenery here is especially charming. (3)The meeting is going to be held in Room 321 tomorrow morning. (4)Arriving there, you can call me. (5)We' ll go where the people need us. 1.什么是状语？ 2.什么能充当状语？ 3.状语的位置？ 1.什么是状语？ 在一个句子中，用来修饰实义动词（词组）、形容词（短语）、副词或整个句子的成分，叫做状语。 2.什么能充当状语？ 能充当状语的成分包括：副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句。 3.状语的位置？ 状语的位置极其灵活，可以随意放置在句中，但是放在句首或句末的情况居多。如果放在句首的话，通常用逗号隔开。 状语从句的定义 我在妈妈出去的时候吃榴莲。 主语 时间状语从句 时间状语 谓语 主语 when my mother was out. 句子 I ate durian yesterday. 我昨天吃榴莲。 I ate 谓语 宾语 宾语 durian 时间状语 4 状语从句的定义 我在(我)买榴莲的地方吃榴莲。 主语 地点状语从句 地点状语 谓语 主语 where I bought it. 句子 I ate durian at home. 我 在家里吃榴莲。 I ate 谓语 宾语 宾语 durian 地点状语 5 一 、状语从句概念： 由一个句子充当状语，表明谓语动作或谓语状态发生的时间、地点、原因、条件、结果、目的、方式等情况，叫状语从句，该句子常用连词引导。 Eg: 1) He was tired for a long walk. 2) He was tired because he walked long. 3) You should take an umbralla with you in case of rain. 4) You should take an umbralla with you in case it will rain. 原因状语 原因状语从句 让步状语 让步状语从句 二、状语从句的构成： 状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。 状语从句的构成是: 引导词+从句+“,”+主句(状语从句放句首时，必须加逗号) 或主句+引导词+从句(状语从句放在主句后，可以加逗号，也可以不加逗号) I will tell you when he comes back. 引导词 从句 三、状语从句的分类：按照引导词本身分类，一共分为9类 1.While I was walking along the street, I found beautiful buildings.  2. Where there is a will, there is a way. 3. Now that/Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 4. Let’s take the front seats so that we may see more clearly. 5. He was so clever that he could work out all the difficult problems. 6. As long as you don’t lose heart, you’ll succeed. 7. Although he tried his best, he could not find a job. 8. The old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son. 9.He is taller than I am. 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 让步状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 常见考点： 考点一：主句与从句的时态呼应问题； 考点二：连接词（引导词）的选择； 考点三：状语从句与介词短语（状语）之间的替换； 考点四：状语从句的倒装结构。 （Not until ....... ; hardly / scarcely…when；no sooner…than等） when while as before after till/until since as soon as 普 通 连 词 特 殊 连 词 the moment the minute the second the instant every/each time next time any time by the time the first time immediately directly instantly 时间状语从句 Group 1. when、while、as ①His phone rang when/while/as he was sleeping. ②His phone rang when/as he opened his eyes. ③I was walking in the park when suddenly it started to rain. ④I was doing the dishes while my husband was watching TV. ⑤While I admit the problems are difficult , I don’t agree that they can‘t be solved. ⑥He talked as he walked along the street. ⑦As time passed, things seemed to get better. Conclusion: (1)当连词后面从句的谓语动词为___________,表示“__________”，when/while/as 都可以用；当连词后面从句的谓语动词为____________, 只能用_______ /______。 (2)在“正在做...这时突然...__________________”以及“正要做...这时突然...________________________”句型中，只能用when。 (3)表示两件事对比转折，意为”______”只能用while; 表示让步关系放句首，意为”____________”用while。 (4)在时间状语从句中表示的意思为”__________”或”__________”,只能用as。 延续性动词 当...时候 短暂性动词 when as be doing sth when... be about to do sth when... 然而 虽然，尽管 一边...一边 随着 Group 2. before、after、since ①______ they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone. ②We haven't seen each other ______ we parted. ③I will go to play basketball ______ I finish my homework. (1)before “________”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前; (2)after “________”表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后; (3)since“______”主句常用________时, 从句常用_________时。 It is / has been + 一段时间+since从句 表示“______________________________” 自从.......以来，已经有多久时间了 在...之前 在...之后 自从... 现在完成 一般过去 Before since after Group 3. till / until直到; not (...) until...直到...才... ①我会等到他到达为止。 I __________________________. ②待在这里直到我回来。Stay ___________________________. ③直到他来了，我才完成我的作业。 I didn’t ______________________________. will wait till/until he arrives. here till/until I come back. finish my homework until he came. (1)当”not until...”放句首时，主句用部分倒装; Not until__________________________________ (2)当改成强调句(即不放句首)时，不倒装； It was _____________________________________ he came, did I finish my homework. not until he came that I didn’t finish my homework. *用until/till时,主句的动词是延续性动作,意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止” *用not...until时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始” Group 4. “一...就...”的表达方式 ①I will call you as soon as I arrive. ②The minute I saw her, I fell in love. ③He started to work immediately he got to the office. ⑥Hardly had I stepped into the house when the phone rang. ⑤No sooner had I reached the station than the train left. ④I will call you directly I arrive at the destination. Group 4. “一...就...”的表达方式 ①I will call you as soon as I arrive. ②The minute I saw her, I fell in love. ③He started to work immediately he got to the office. ⑥Hardly had I stepped into the house when the phone rang. ⑤No sooner had I reached the station than the train left. ④I will call you directly I arrive at the destination. (1)as soon as 一...就... (2)名词连词化，引导从句。 the moment/minute/second/instant 一...就... (3)副词充当连词的作用，引导从句。 instantly/immediately/directly一...就...；立即;马上 (4)hardly/scarcely...when...; no sooner...than... 一...就... *固定搭配的词要牢记 *时态要注意 *倒装要能认出来 (4)hardly/scarcely...when...; no sooner...than... 一...就... *固定搭配的词要牢记 *时态要注意 *倒装要能认出来 原句：I had hardly stepped into the house when the phone rang. 主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时 否定词置于句首用部分倒装，只倒装主句。 倒装： Hardly had I stepped into the house when the phone rang. 原句：I had no sooner reached the station than the train left. 倒装： No sooner had I reached the station than the train left. No sooner + had + sb.+ done ....... + than + sb. + did Hardly/Scarcely + had + sb.+ done ......... + when + sb.+ did Group 5. 含有time的名词短语 ①By the time I got to the station, the train had already left. ②He will leave for Europe every time spring comes out. ③Next time I see him, I will tell him the news. ④She fell in love with the city the first time she visited it. (1)by the time 到...时为止(从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时） (2)each/every/next/any time每次/每次/下一次/任何时候 (3)the first time 第一次 地点状语从句 ①I will go where you go. ②You can find help wherever you look for it. ③You can go anywhere you like. ④Everywhere he goes, people respect him. 引 导 词 where 在.......地方； anywhere 在每个（任何）地方； wherever 在任何地方； everywhere 在每个地方； 原因状语从句 (1)I didn't go out because it was raining. (2)As he was tired, he took a rest. (3)It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. (4)She is a great teacher in that she is very patient. (5)Since you have decided to go, I will support you. (6)Now that you are here, let's start the work. 引 导 词 because as for in that since now that because 直接原因,语气最强 as 不谈自明的原因,语气弱,译为“由于” for 连接两个并列句,表示推理或解释,进行附加说明 in that= because 译为“因为” since 对方已知的既成事实，译为“既然” now that = since “既然” 目的状语从句 (1)He gets up early every day in order that he can catch the first bus. (2)I study hard so that I can pass the exam. (3)She tiptoed lest she (should) wake up the baby. (4)He locked the door for fear that someone (should) break in. (5)Take an umbrella in case it (should)rain. 引 导 词 in order that以便，为了； so that 以便，为了； lest/for fear that/in case 以免，以防 (一般用在虚拟语气中)； 虚拟语气表示事情并没有真的发生；should一般没有实际意义,可省略。 【注意】以下为目的状语 (1)so + 形容词/副词+as to do sth“为了” (2)in order to do sth“为了”；“目的是” (3)in case of +名词 / doing sth“以防；以免” 目的状语从句 (1)翻译：他如此努力地学习为了进入一所重点大学。 (2)翻译：为了去做那份工作，你肯定已经辞去了另一份工。 (3)翻译：万一发生火灾，我们应该保持冷静，尽快离开。 He studies so hard as to get into a key university. In order to take that job, you must have left another job. In case of fire, we should stay calm and leave as quickly as possible. so that 既可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句: (1)He left early, so that he caught the train. (2)He left early so that he could catch the train. ①语言环境 (说话人想表达的意思) ②目的状语从句一般有情态动词(could/should/might) 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 引导词 so/such...that...如此...以至于... so that 结果是 (1)翻译：这个箱子如此重以至于我搬不起来。 (2)翻译：他是如此善良的一个人以至于每个人都喜欢他。 (3)翻译：她努力学习，因此取得了优异的成绩。 The box is so heavy that I can't lift it He is such a kind person that everyone likes him. She studied hard so that she achieved excellent grades. 结果状语从句 so...that... / such... that... 1) He is _____ a clever boy that all of us like him. 2) They are _____ nice apples that we would like to eat them. 3) The film is _____ interesting that I want to see it again. 4) He ran _____ fast that he soon caught up with the others. 5) There is _____ little time left that we have to speed up. 6) There were _____ few students registered that the class was canceled. such such so so so so 口诀 名前such，形、副so，that从句跟在后， 多多少少必用so， 特别注意是little，“小”用such，“少”用so。 条件状语从句 引 导 词 if (如果) / unless(除非) unless=if not only if (只要........) / if only(要是.......就好了) provided (that) (假如); in case(如果) as/so long as(只要); on condition that(如果) ①If you boil water, it becomes steam. ②If you eat too much, you will put on weight. ③You'll not know China unless you go closer to it. (1) if /unless = if not if (假如，如果），注意“主将从现”原则 unless (除非；如果不...) (2) if only /only if 条件状语从句 (1)If only I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. (2)If only she would try again. (3)If only I wasn’t going to London. (4)If only you had come to my birthday party. ① if only (要是......就好了), 谓语动词用虚拟语气。 (1)I will come home only if you come with me. (2)You will pass the exam only if you study hard. →Only if you study hard ________________________ will you pass the exam. ②only if (只要/有.......) 状语从句置于句首主句用部分倒装。 *only+状语放句首，句子用部分倒装。 (3)provided (that) in case as/so long as on condition that 条件状语从句 ①I will go with you provided that I have enough time. ② In case he comes, let me know. ③You can stay here as long as you keep quiet. ④I will help you on condition that you promise to work hard. 假如，在.......条件下 如果，万一 只要 如果，条件是...... 让步状语从句 引 导 词 although / though; even if/even though虽然、即使、尽管 while 虽然，尽管 whether...or(not)...不管...还是... as虽然，尽管 no matter wh- = wh-ever “无论...” ①尽管在下雨，我们还是去散步了。 ②虽然他年轻，他很有才华。 ③Although / Though it is raining hard, yet they went on playing football. Although it was raining, we still went for a walk. Though he is young, he is very talented. 1. although/though (不与but连用，可与yet, still连用) 让步状语从句 ①Even though she was tired, she continued to work. ②Even if I am busy, I will attend the meeting. 2. even if/even though +从句，直接使用，可互换。 ③While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you 3. while引导让步状语从句时，常位于句首，突出主句和从句的对比。 ④Whether he is happy or not, he never shows it. ⑤Whether it is sunny or rainy, I will go out for a run. 4.whether...or (not) 不管......还是....... 让步状语从句 ①Work as she does, she can't finish the task in time. ②Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 倒装：___________________________________________________ ③Although the exam is difficult,I try my best. 倒装：___________________________________________________ ④Though she runs fast, she can't catch up with him. 倒装：___________________________________________________ 5. as引导让步状语从句时从句语序要部分倒装结构: n.(无冠词)/adj./adv./v.+as+主语+谓语+其他....... Child as he is, he knows a lot. Difficult as the exam is, I try my best. Fast as she runs, she can't catch up with him. 注意：as引导让步状语从句必须倒装，though可以倒装，although一定不能到装。 让步状语从句 ①Whatever / No matter what you do,I support you. ②Whenever / No matter when I think of you,I feel happy. ③Wherever / No matter where you go,I will follow. ④Whoever leave the room ought to turn off the light. ⑤It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. whatever/whenever/wherever/whoever/whichever/however 无论什么/无论何时/无论那里/无论谁/无论哪一个/无论怎样 6. no matter wh-- = wh--ever “无论.......” 注意：wh--ever类型的词也可引导名词性从句，但是不能与no matter wh--互换；只有状语从句可以互换。 比较状语从句 ①My father runs as fast _____ I do. ②She is not so weak _____ she looks. ③He works the same _____ he used to. ④The youth of today are better off _____ we used to be. ⑤The more careful you are, the _____ (few) mistakes you will make. as as as than fewer (1)as...as... 和...一样 (2)not so(as)...as... 和...不一样 (3)the same as... 和...一样 (4)比较级+ than 比...更... (5)the+比较级, the+比较级 越... 越... 引 导 词 同级比较 as ...... as ......; not as/so ..... as; the same as..... 非同级比较 比较级+than 固定句型 the more ........ the more ......... 方式状语从句 (1) Do in Rome as the Romans do. (2) She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone. (3) Most plants need sunlight just as they need water. (1)as 按照，像 (2)as if / though 好像 (3)just as 正如... 写作： 任意一个句子都可以增加状语。 比如：我正在看书。 I am reading the book. 方法一：【加个副词（短语）】I am reading the book diligently. 方法二：【加个时间】I am reading the book at the moment. 方法三：【加个地点】I am reading the book on the playground. 方法四：【加个原因】I am reading the book because it is so interesting and attractive. 方法五：【加个让步状语】Although I don’t want to study,I am reading the book . 方法六：【加个结果状语】I am reading the book so crazily that I forget to sleep at night. 方法七：【加个目的状语】I am reading the book in order that I can improve my grammar as quickly as possible. 方法八：【加个比较状语】As diligently as a bee,I am reading the book. 状语和状语从句的应用 Thank you ! $$