Unit3 Period2 Grammar and usage（课件）英语译林版选择性必修第二册

Unit 3 Fit for life 高中英语译林版选择必修第二册 Grammar and usage Learning objectives By the end of this section, students will be able to: 1. identify the verb form of the present perfect continuous tense; 2. work out the general rules of the present perfect continuous tense; 3. use the right tenses to finish related tasks; 4. apply the present perfect continuous tense in new contexts. Contents 1. Lead-in 2. Exploring the rules 3. Presenting grammar points 4.Applying the rules 5. Language-points 6. Homework 01 Lead-in 1.7.2013 Let's begin with a quick warm-up. This section will help us review what we know about past actions and get us ready to learn something new. Pay close attention to the questions and the timeline, as they will lead us directly into our topic for today. ‹#› Read the personal account and fill in the following table. Before having the new robotic hand · The girl began to (1) ___________________ after losing her right hand in a car accident two years ago. · The old artificial hand could not help her because (2) ______________________________________________. With the new robotic hand · The girl can (3) ________________________ and hold on to small things. · The new robotic hand is capable of (4) ______________________________. · The new robotic hand looks very lifelike with (5) ______________________________. Over the past three months · The girl has rediscovered old hobbies. · The girl has become more (6) ____________________. withdraw into herself she could not do simple things like getting dressed move her individual fingers feeling varying degrees of pressure special rubber used on the outside confident and outgoing 02 Exploring the rules 1.7.2013 Let's begin with a quick warm-up. This section will help us review what we know about past actions and get us ready to learn something new. Pay close attention to the questions and the timeline, as they will lead us directly into our topic for today. ‹#› Read the passage on Page 34 to find the sentences that use the present perfect continuous tense 1.Scientists have been making great progress in robotic technology in recent years, … 2.Over the past three months I have been testing out the limits of what I can do with my new hand, … 3.For example, I have been cooking for my family again since I got my new hand. · We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action that started in the past and is still continuing now, or an action that has just finished but is still connected with (1) _________________ (the past/the present/the future) in some way. • The verb form of the present perfect continuous tense is “(2) ___________________”. the present has/have been doing 03 Presenting grammar points 1.7.2013 Let's begin with a quick warm-up. This section will help us review what we know about past actions and get us ready to learn something new. Pay close attention to the questions and the timeline, as they will lead us directly into our topic for today. ‹#› 一、核心概念 现在完成进行时，把动作起点放在过去，一直持续到现在，并且强调 “动作一直在持续、不间断；带有过程感”，动作可能还要继续，也可能刚刚停下。 结构公式：have / has been doing 肯定：主语 + have/has been doing 否定：主语 + have/has not been doing 疑问：Have/Has + 主语 + been doing…? 关键词：持续、过程、反复、带有情绪（疲惫 / 厌烦），和现在完成时（have done）对比： have done：侧重结果；动作是否持续不强调 have been doing：侧重“过程、一直在做” 二、四大用法。 用法 1：动作从过去开始，持续到现在，可能继续进行（最常考） 标志词：for + 时间段；since + 时间点；all day, all the morning 例句 1：I have been waiting for you for two hours. 翻译：我已经等你两个小时了。 解析：两小时前开始等，一直等到现在，我大概率还在等，强调一直在等这个过程。对比：I have waited for you for two hours.（只说明等了两小时这个事实 / 结果，不强调一直在等） 例句 2：It has been raining since last night. 翻译：从昨晚起就一直在下雨。 解析：昨晚开始下雨，持续到此刻，雨可能还在下。 用法 2：动作从过去开始，持续到现在，刚刚停止，现在能看到痕迹 例句：You look tired. You have been working hard. 翻译：你看起来很累，你刚才一直在辛苦工作。 解析：工作刚刚停下，但疲惫是持续动作留下的痕迹。 用法 3：近期反复发生的动作（常常带有感情色彩：厌烦、抱怨、惊喜） 常搭配：lately, recently 例句：He has been calling me lately. 翻译：他最近老是给我打电话。（暗含频繁、有点烦的语气） 例句：My mother has been asking me about my plan these days. 翻译：妈妈这些天一直在问我的计划。（反复问） 用法 4：用来解释原因 例句：My eyes are sore. I have been reading books. 翻译：我眼睛疼，我一直在看书。（解释眼睛酸痛的原因） 三、高频易错点. 易错 1：延续动词 vs 短暂动词 现在完成进行时描述持续动作，不能和瞬间动词连用 瞬间动词：buy, finish, arrive, die, borrow, stop 判断正误： I have been buying this book for 3 days. ( ) I have had this book for 3 days.( ) have 延续动词，用现在完成时 小结：have been doing 本身自带 “持续” 属性，动词必须可延续。 句 子 含义侧重点 I have read the book. 我读过这本书。 结果：我知道书内容，读完了 I have been reading the book. 我一直在读这本书。 过程：还没读完，一直在看 易错 2：have done（现完） vs have been doing（现完进行）辨析 口诀：有结果用现完，讲过程、不停做，用现完进行 易错 3：静态动词（状态动词）不能用于进行时态，也就不能用于现在完成进行时 静态动词：know, like, love, believe, understand, belong, have（拥有） 判断正误： I have been knowing him for 5 years. I have known him for 5 years. 易错 4：标志词混淆 since + 时间点（since 2020 / since I came here） for + 时间段（for 5 years） 两个时态都可以搭配 for/since，不是看到 for 就一定用 have been doing，要看侧重点！ 易错 5：疑问句回答误区 —Have you been studying? —Yes, I have.（简略回答只用 have/has，不加 been doing） —Yes, I have been studying.（语法没错，但简答冗余） 易错 6：主语三单 主语 he/she/it/ 单数名词 → has been doing，不要写成 have been doing 四、解题策略（做题步骤） 1.看时间线索：有没有 since /for/all day /lately 2.判断动词：是动态延续动词还是静态 / 瞬间动词（静态动词排除现 完进行） 3.判断语义：是强调【过程、持续、反复】还是【最终结果】 4.看语境：有没有 “看起来很累、痕迹、抱怨” 这类暗示持续过程 的信息 五、巩固练习. 题型 1：用所给动词适当形式填空（基础） 1.I ________________ (learn) English for six years. I still find it hard. 2.She is dirty. She ________________ (garden) all afternoon. 3.It ________________ (snow) for three hours. Shall we go out? 4.You ________________ (watch) TV too much recently. It’s bad for your eyes. 5.I ________________ (wait) for the bus since 7 o’clock. have been learning 解析：六年一直在学，现在仍然觉得难，强调过程 has been gardening 解析：身上脏，刚刚一直在园艺，有痕迹 has been snowing 解析：持续下雪，可能继续 have been watching 解析：近期反复，暗含提醒 have been waiting 解析：强调从7点一直持续等公交车 题型 2：单句改错（易错点专项） 1.I have been knowing her since 2021. 2.He has been finish his homework for an hour. 3.They have been live here for 10 years. 4.Tom has been buy this bike for two months. known finished living had 题型 3：现完 vs 现完进行 选择填空（高考高频辨析） 1.—Why are your clothes wet? — I _______________ (wash / have been washing) my car. 2.I _______________ (have read / have been reading) this novel. I can tell you the ending. 3.I _______________ (have read / have been reading) this novel these days. I haven’t finished it. have been washing 解析：衣服湿，持续动作留下痕迹 have read 解析：读完了，知道结局，侧重结果 have been reading 解析；这些天一直在看，没读完，侧重过程 题型4.：根据汉语提示补全下列句子。 1. 过去的两个小时我一直在找经理，但电话总是占线。 I _____ _____ ______ ___ _____ ____ ________ for the last two hours but the line was always busy. 2. 自从上个月的飓风让人们失去家园、工作和企业以来， 他们一直在接受财政援助。 People ______ _____ ________ ________ ___ since they lost their homes, jobs and businesses due to the storm last month. 3. 这个女孩对运动很感兴趣，在过去的三年里她每周上两次 羽毛球课。 The girl has a great interest in sport and ____ ____ _____ __________ ______ twice a week over the last three years. have been trying to reach the manager have been receiving financial aid has been taking badminton classes 4. 珍妮•古道尔一直在帮助世界其他地方理解和尊重动物的 生命。 Jane Goodall ___ ____ ______ ___ ___ ___ ___ ______ understand and respect the life of animals. 5. 这次他本应该通过考试的，但是他没有通过。我一直在 告诉他要更加努力学习。 He should have passed the exam this time, but he failed. I ____ ____ ______ ____ ___ _____ ______. 6. 这些年来他一直在为我们的报纸写文章，已经写了大约 30篇文章。 He ____ ____ _______ _______ for our newspaper these years, and he ____ _______ about thirty articles. has been helping the rest of the world have been telling him to study harder has been writing articles has written 7. 自20世纪90年代初以来，中国一直处于科技发展的 繁荣时期。 Since the early 1990s, China ___ ____ ________ ______ ______ in scientific and technological development. 8. 直到学生们做了一个多小时，我才告诉他们这道 数学题的答案。 I won't tell the students the answer to the math problem until they _____ ____ _______ ___ ___ for more than an hour. has been enjoying have been working on it a boom 题型 5：翻译句子 1.我一直在找我的钥匙，但是还没找到。 2.她最近一直在练习弹钢琴。 3.他们已经在这个工厂工作 5 年了。 I have been looking for my keys, but I haven’t found them. She has been practising playing the piano lately. They have been working in this factory for five years. 题型 5：语篇填空。 阅读短文，填入合适形式 My friend Lisa ________________ (travel) around China for the past month. She loves taking photos. She ________________ (send) me lots of photos these days. She says she ________________ (visit) many old towns and she still has three cities to go. She is tired because she ________________ (walk) for hours every day. has been travelling has been sending has visited has been walking 04 Applying the rules 1.7.2013 Let's begin with a quick warm-up. This section will help us review what we know about past actions and get us ready to learn something new. Pay close attention to the questions and the timeline, as they will lead us directly into our topic for today. ‹#› Task1 ：Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets. 1. I __________________ (reflect) on the article I read about ancient medicine all day. 2. I _________________ (wait) for two hours to see the doctor but it is still not my turn yet. 3. My mother ________________ (write) a report on the new treatment all morning. She hopes to finish it tonight. 4. The company _______________ (make) herbal medicines for more than 100 years. 5. Scientists ______________ (do) research on the disease since it was first discovered in the early 20th century. have been reflecting have been waiting has been writing has been making have been doing Task2： Circle the correct expressions to complete it. It (1) is being estimated/has been estimated that over 30 million people worldwide have lost arms or legs, and many of them fail to get the help that they need. For some time, they (2) are hoping for/have been hoping for better-quality artificial limbs. Fortunately, one exciting new advance could help these physically disabled people lead a normal life again: robotic limbs. Over the last few years, scientists (3) have been developing/ will be developing new kinds of artificial limbs to help people overcome their disabilities. Robotic limbs can do much more than conventional artificial limbs. Some of the earliest artificial limbs were made of wood and leather, and until recently, artificial limbs (4) have only served/have only been serving basic functions. With the advancement in robotic technology, artificial limbs can now perform much more complex tasks and come closer to real human limbs. Not only can they make a much wider range of movements, but they can also be controlled directly by the brain and feed sensory information back into it. David Jones is one of a team of scientists devoted to making even better robotic limbs. “We (5) have done/have been doing everything we can to advance this technology and we will not take out a patent on it,” said David. “Hopefully, more and more people in need of robotic limbs will be equipped with them and enjoy a higher quality of life.” Possible answer: It is estimated that more than 30 million people around the world have lost limbs, many of whom cannot receive proper support and have long hoped for better artificial limbs. Scientists have been developing robotic limbs in recent years. Unlike traditional ones that only carried out simple functions, these robotic versions are capable of complex movements, can be controlled by the brain and send sensory signals back, greatly outperforming conventional artificial limbs. David Jones and his team are working hard to improve this technology and will not patent it, expecting more disabled people to get robotic limbs and live better lives. Task3: Write a short summary of the article in B2 using the present perfect continuous tense. 05 Language points 1.7.2013 Let's begin with a quick warm-up. This section will help us review what we know about past actions and get us ready to learn something new. Pay close attention to the questions and the timeline, as they will lead us directly into our topic for today. ‹#› 1. withdraw v. 撤回；退出；提取；撤离 withdrew (过去式)；withdrawn (过去分词)；withdrawing (现在分词) 【核心搭配】 withdraw from sth 从…… 退出 / 撤离 withdraw sth from sth 从…… 提取 / 撤回某物 【派生词】 withdrawal n. [C/U] 取款；撤回；退出；戒断反应 withdrawn adj. 孤僻的，内向的 【即学即练】 (1) He made a _________ (withdraw) of 10,000 yuan from his savings account yesterday. (2) The player _________ (withdraw) from the match because of his hurt ankle last week. (3) The proposal has been _________ (withdraw) after heated discussion. withdrawal withdrew withdrawn 2. equip v. 装备；配备；使具备（知识、能力） equipped (过去式)；equipping (现在分词） 【核心搭配】 equip sb/sth with sth 给…… 配备某物 equip sb to do sth 使某人具备做某事的能力 equip sb for sth 使某人能够应对某事 【派生词】 equipment n. [U] 设备（不可数！无 equipments） equipped adj. 配备好的；well-equipped 设备精良的 【即学即练】 (1) The new lab is __________ (equip) with advanced experimental instruments. (2) This course will equip students __________ solve real-life problems. (3) Much office __________ (equip) needs to be renewed this year. equipped to equipment 3. grateful adj. 感激的，感谢的 【核心搭配】 be grateful to sb 感激某人 be grateful for sth 因某事感激 be grateful to do sth 很感激做…… be grateful that … 很感激…… 【派生词】 gratefully adv. 感激地 gratitude n. [U] 感激，谢意 express one’s gratitude to sb for sth 【即学即练】 (1) I am deeply grateful ______ my teacher for her constant encouragement. (2) She smiled _________ (grateful) and accepted the help. (3) He expressed his ________ _ (grateful) to all the rescue workers. to gratefully gratitude 4. disabled adj. 残疾的；残障的 【核心搭配】 disabled people 残障人士（推荐表达） the disabled 残障人士（一类人，谓语复数） 【派生词】disable v. 使丧失能力；使致残；使失灵 disability n. [C/U] 残疾；障碍 复数：disabilities 【即学即练】 (1) The park has special facilities for _________ (disable) visitors. (2) The accident _________ (disable) him and he could no longer walk. (3) We should respect people with _________ (disability). disabled disabled disabilities 06 Homework 1.7.2013 Let's begin with a quick warm-up. This section will help us review what we know about past actions and get us ready to learn something new. Pay close attention to the questions and the timeline, as they will lead us directly into our topic for today. ‹#› 1. Finish the Exercise C on page 70. 2. Preview Integrated skills on pages 36-38. $