专题一 专题练(五) 说明文阅读(1)-【步步高·考前三个月】2025年高考英语复习讲义课件（课件PPT+word教案）

专题一　四选一阅读 专题练(五) 说明文阅读(1) 说明文通常是通过举例子、作比较、分类别、析结果、列数字和下定义等手段，具体描述一项研究或者介绍一项新产品、新技术的文章，旨在让读者了解信息。说明文阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，题目往往以细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题或词义猜测题为主。出题人经常在长难句上做文章。 知考法　明考向 内容索引 做真题　悟技法 练模拟　提能力 (2024·浙江1月，D) The Stanford marshmallow(棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s.Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room.A single sugary ①treat，selected by the child，was placed on a table.Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat，they would be given a second treat.Then they were left alone in the room.②Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success. 做真题 悟技法 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了斯坦福棉花糖测验及其对成年人的指导意义。 As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day.We’re not tempted(诱惑) by sugary treats，but by our computers，phones，and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world，and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction.But as we’ve reshaped the world around us，③dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories，we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago，and this ④mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information.Our formative environment as a species was information-poor，so our brains developed a mechanism that ⑤prized new information.But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.We are now ceaselessly bombarded(轰炸) with new information.Therefore，just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption，we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption，resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 32.What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test? A.Take an examination alone. B.Show respect for the researchers. C.Share their treats with others. D.Delay eating for fifteen minutes. 细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat，they would be given a second treat.”可知，D项正确。故选D。 √ 33.According to paragraph 3，there is a mismatch between ________. A.the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B.the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C.the rich food supply and our unchanged brains D.the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But as we’ve reshaped the world around us...we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago，and this mismatch is at the heart of...”可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。 √ 34.What does the author suggest readers do? A.Absorb new information readily. B.Be selective information consumers. C.Use diverse information sources. D.Protect the information environment. 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption...resisting the temptation of...to manage our time most effectively”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选B。 √ 35.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.Eat Less，Read More B.The Bitter Truth About Early Humans C.The Later，the Better D.The Marshmallow Test for Grownups 标题归纳题。根据第二段及全文内容可知，文章介绍了斯坦福棉花糖测验及其对成年人的指导意义。故选D。 √ ①treat (熟义：v.治疗；对待)　生义(文义)：n.______ ②follow-up＝(合)follow＋up __________ ③dramatically＝(派)dramatic＋al＋ly ________ ④mismatch＝(派)mis＋match ________ ⑤prize(转)n.→v.__________ 款待 进一步的 显著地 语境猜词 不匹配 高度重视 以上试题中第35题考查标题归纳，解题技法如下： 返回 技法点拨 A (2024·河北石家庄三模) Sensory-based food education given to 3- to 5-year-old children in the kindergarten increases their willingness to choose vegetables and fruit，according to a new study from the University of Eastern Finland. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了东芬兰大学的一项新研究发现，针对3－5岁幼儿的基于感官的食物教育能提高其蔬果选择意愿，Sapere方法通过实践活动与五感学习有效促进健康饮食习惯的形成，有利于缩小家庭间的饮食差异。 练模拟 提能力 The researchers used the sensory-based food education method Sapere，which makes use of children’s natural way of relying on all of the five senses when learning new things.In the Sapere method，children are given an active role around food，and they are encouraged to share their sensory experiences.For example，kindergartens can introduce different vegetables and fruit to children in hands-on sessions，they can involve children in baking and cooking，and they can offer children opportunities for growing their own vegetables in the kindergarten backyard.Food-related themes can also be included in books and games. “There are several different ways to do this.However，it always starts from sensory-based learning and child engagement.Doing and experiencing things together is also an important aspect，” says Kaisa Kähkönen，a researcher and nutritionist from the University of Eastern Finland. The researchers compared children in different kindergarten groups.Some were offered sensory-based food education，while others weren’t.Children were offered a snack buffet containing different vegetables and fruit to choose from，and the researchers took photos of their plates to analyse their willingness to choose and eat these food items. The findings show that sensory-based food education increased children’s willingness to choose vegetables and fruit，especially among children whose mothers have a lower educational background.On average，children of lower educated parents tend to eat less vegetables and fruit.This is how food education given in the kindergarten can help even_out dietary gap between families. “Another interesting finding is that the Sapere food education method also seems to improve the eating atmosphere in kindergarten groups.This encouraged children who were picky eaters to choose a more diverse selection on their plate，” Kähkönen explains. Positive and personal food-related experiences gained in the kindergarten can help adjust dietary preferences in a direction that is beneficial to health.Dietary preferences learned in early childhood often stick with a person all the way to adolescence and adulthood. 1.What can we know about the Sapere method? A.It improves kids’ five senses. B.It enables kids to read more books. C.It supplies various healthy food to kids. D.It involves kids in active food-related activities. √ 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“例如，幼儿园可以在实践课程中向孩子们介绍不同的蔬菜和水果，让孩子们参与烘焙和烹饪，并为孩子们提供在幼儿园后院种植自己蔬菜的机会。与食物相关的主题也可以包含在书籍和游戏中”可知，Sapere方法让孩子们积极参与到与食物相关的活动中。故选D。 2.What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A.The research purpose. B.The research process. C.The research findings. D.The research evaluation. 段落大意题。第四段详细介绍了研究的具体操作过程，包括将孩子分成不同组别，研究人员提供包含各种蔬菜和水果的零食自助餐，然后通过拍摄孩子们盘中的食物来分析他们选择和食用这些食物的意愿。所以本段主要介绍了研究的实施步骤。故选B。 √ 3.What does the underlined part “even out” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A.Narrow. B.Identify. C.Analyze. D.Examine. √ 词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句“研究结果表明，基于感官的食物教育提高儿童选择蔬菜和水果的意愿，尤其是在母亲教育背景较低的儿童中”可知，食物教育在提高儿童选择蔬菜和水果的意愿方面起着重要的作用。所以幼儿园的基于感官的食物教育可以帮助缩小不同家庭间孩子在饮食习惯上的差异。所以even out的意思为“缩小”。故选A。 4.What might be the best title for the text? A.Benefits of Eating Fruit and Vegetables B.Differences in Family Dietary Preferences C.Necessity for Kids to Form Learning Habits D.New Method to Promote Kids’ Healthy Eating √ 标题归纳题。综合全文内容，尤其根据第一段可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，即通过感官为基础的食物教育方法(Sapere方法)来提高学龄前儿童选择蔬菜和水果的意愿，从而促进他们的健康饮食习惯。文章内容围绕这一教育方法的实施、效果及其对孩子饮食选择的正面影响展开。所以D项“一种促进孩子健康饮食的新方法”是本文的最佳标题。故选D。 B (2024·广东韶关二模) Would a person born blind，who has learned to distinguish objects by touch，be able to recognize them purely by sight if he ①regained the ability to see? The question，known as Molyneux’s problem，is about whether the human mind has a built-in concept of shapes that is so ②inborn that a blind person could immediately recognize an object with restored vision.Alternatively，the concepts of shapes are not inborn but have to be learned by exploring an object through sight，touch and other senses. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了通过大黄蜂实验研究莫利纽克斯问题，即一个天生失明但通过触摸学会区分物体的人在恢复视力后是否能够通过视觉来识别物体。 After their attempt to test it in blind children failed，Lars Chittka of Queen Mary University of London and his team carried out another experiment on bumblebees.To test whether bumblebees can form an internal representation of objects，they first trained the insects to distinguish globes from cubes using a sugar reward.The bees were first trained in the light，where they could see but not touch the objects.Then they were tested in the dark，where they could touch but not see the items.The researchers found that the insects spent more time in contact with the shape they had been trained to associate with the sugar reward，even though they had to rely on touch rather than sight to distinguish the objects. The researchers also did the opposite test with ③untrained bumblebees，first teaching them with rewards in the dark and then testing them in the light.Again，the bees were able to recognize the shape associated with the sugar reward，though they had to rely on sight rather than touch in the test.In short，bees have solved Molyneux’s problem because the fact suggests that they can ④picture object features and access them through sight or touch. However，some experts express their warnings against the result.Jonathan Birch，a philosopher of science，cautions that the bees may have had prior experience associating visual and tactile(触觉) information about straight edges and curved surfaces in their nests. 5.What is Molyneux’s problem about? A.Whether mankind’s sense of touch outweighs sight. B.Whether mankind’s idea of shape is inborn or learned. C.Whether blind people can identify the shape of an item. D.Whether the blind can regain their sense of touch after recovery. √ 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The question，known as Molyneux’s problem，is about whether the human mind has a built-in concept of shapes...but have to be learned by exploring an object through sight，touch and other senses.”可知，莫利纽克斯问题的内容是人类对形状的认知是天生的还是后天习得的。故选B。 6.How did Lars Chittka and his colleagues try to figure out Molyneux’s problem? A.By experimentation on blind children. B.By conducting controlled experiments. C.By rewarding bumblebees with sugar. D.By observing bumblebees in their nests. √ 推理判断题。根据第二段第二至四句可知，Lars Chittka和他的同事是通过开展控制实验来研究莫利纽克斯问题。故选B。 7.What is Jonathan Birch’s attitude towards the conclusion of the bee experiments? A.Skeptical. B.Supportive. C.Dismissive. D.Ambiguous. √ 观点态度题。根据最后一段“However，some experts express their warnings against the result.Jonathan Birch...cautions that...”可知，Jonathan Birch对由蜜蜂实验得出的结论持怀疑的态度。故选A。 8.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A.Scientists Found Senses Matter B.Visual-Tactile Puzzle Has Been Solved C.Experiments Will Help the Blind Regain Sight D.Bumblebees May Help Solve Molyneux’s Problem √ 标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了通过大黄蜂实验研究莫利纽克斯问题，所以D项是本文最好的标题。故选D。 ①regain＝(派)re＋gain __________ ②inborn＝(合)in＋born _________________ ③untrained＝(派)un＋train＋ed _________________________ ④picture(转)n.→v.______ 重新获得 天生的，先天的 未受训练的，未经培养的 语境猜词 想象 C (2024·湘豫名校一模) Do you want to ensure your child hits their expected ①developmental milestones? New UBC research suggests living in areas with high exposure to green space can help set them up for success. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明居住地环境的绿地面积对儿童的早期全面发展有显著的影响。 For the study，the researchers at UBC analyzed the developmental scores of 27,372 children in Metro Vancouver who attended kindergarten between 2005 and 2011.They estimated the amount of green space around each child’s residence from birth to age five.They also assessed levels of ②traffic-related air pollution and community noise. The results highlight the fundamental importance of natural green spaces like street trees，parks and community gardens.“Most of the children were doing well in their development，in terms of language skills，cognitive(认知的) capacity，socialization and other outcomes，” says Ingrid Jarvis，a PhD candidate in the Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences at UBC.“But what’s interesting is that those children living in a residential location with more vegetation and richer natural environments showed better overall development than their peers with less green space.” According to the researchers，the reason for this is partly green spaces’ ability to reduce the harmful effects of air pollution and noise—environmental challenges that have been shown to adversely(不利地) affect children’s health and development through increased stress，sleep disturbances and central nervous system damage.“Few studies have investigated this pathway linking green space and developmental outcomes among children，” adds Jarvis. The researchers assessed early childhood development using the Early Development Instrument (EDI)，a survey completed by kindergarten teachers for each child.The tool measures a child’s ability to meet ③age-appropriate developmental expectations. “More research is needed，but our findings suggest that urban planning efforts to increase green space in residential neighbourhoods and around schools are beneficial to early childhood development，with potential health benefits throughout life，” says the study’s senior author Matilda Bosch.“Time in nature can benefit everyone，but if we want our children to have a good head start，it’s important to provide an enriching environment through nature contact.” 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They estimated the amount of green space around...They also assessed levels of traffic-related air pollution and community noise.”以及第三段中的“The results highlight the...of natural green spaces...gardens.”可知，研究中的一个关键因素是孩子们居住地的绿地面积。故选C。 10.What’s the message implied in paragraph 4? A.Air pollution is largely to blame for kids’ failures. B.Kids living in a noisy area tend to feel more stressed. C.Pollution harms kids’ nervous system more than noise. D.Green space is directly linked to kids’ mental development. √ 推理判断题。根据第四段首句“...air pollution and noise—environmental challenges that have been shown to adversely(不利地) affect children’s health and development through increased stress，sleep disturbances and central nervous system damage.”可知，居住地的噪声会加大孩子们的心理压力。故选B。 11.What does Matilda Bosch stress in the last paragraph? A.The importance of nature in kids’ growth. B.The role of research in scientific work. C.The proper way of giving a good start to kids. D.The urgency of expanding green space in cities. √ 推理判断题。根据最后一段末句“Time in nature can benefit everyone，but if we want our children to have a good head start，it’s important to provide an enriching environment through nature contact.”可知，Matilda Bosch强调了大自然在孩子们的健康成长中所起到的重要作用。故选A。 12.What could be a suitable title for the text? A.What Are the Health Effects of Noise Pollution? B.Green Space：A Guarantee for Kids’ Future Success C.Urban Green Space and Its Impact on Human Health D.Time in Nature Aids Early Childhood Development √ 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究表明，居住地环境的绿地面积对儿童的早期全面发展有显著的影响。D项“大自然中的时间有助于儿童早期发展”适合作本文标题。故选D。 ①developmental＝(派)development＋al ________ ②traffic-related＝(合)traffic＋related _______________ ③age-appropriate＝(合)age＋appropriate ________ 发展的 与交通相关的 适龄的 返回 语境猜词 $$ 专题练(五)　说明文阅读(1)　(分值：40分) 知考法　明考向：说明文通常是通过举例子、作比较、分类别、析结果、列数字和下定义等手段，具体描述一项研究或者介绍一项新产品、新技术的文章，旨在让读者了解信息。说明文阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，题目往往以细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题或词义猜测题为主。出题人经常在长难句上做文章。 (2024·浙江1月，D) The Stanford marshmallow(棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s.Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room.A single sugary ①treat，selected by the child，was placed on a table.Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat，they would be given a second treat.Then they were left alone in the room.②Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success. As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day.We’re not tempted(诱惑) by sugary treats，but by our computers，phones，and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world，and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction.But as we’ve reshaped the world around us，③dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories，we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago，and this ④mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information.Our formative environment as a species was information-poor，so our brains developed a mechanism that ⑤prized new information.But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.We are now ceaselessly bombarded(轰炸) with new information.Therefore，just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption，we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption，resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 32．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test? A．Take an examination alone. B．Show respect for the researchers. C．Share their treats with others. D．Delay eating for fifteen minutes. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat，they would be given a second treat.”可知，D项正确。故选D。 33．According to paragraph 3，there is a mismatch between ________. A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But as we’ve reshaped the world around us...we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago，and this mismatch is at the heart of...”可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。 34．What does the author suggest readers do? A．Absorb new information readily. B．Be selective information consumers. C．Use diverse information sources. D．Protect the information environment. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption...resisting the temptation of...to manage our time most effectively”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选B。 35．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Eat Less，Read More B．The Bitter Truth About Early Humans C．The Later，the Better D．The Marshmallow Test for Grownups 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。根据第二段及全文内容可知，文章介绍了斯坦福棉花糖测验及其对成年人的指导意义。故选D。 语境猜词 ①treat (熟义：v.治疗；对待)　生义(文义)：n.款待 ②follow-up＝(合)follow＋up 进一步的 ③dramatically＝(派)dramatic＋al＋ly显著地 ④mismatch＝(派)mis＋match不匹配 ⑤prize(转)n.→v.高度重视 以上试题中第35题考查标题归纳，解题技法如下： A (2024·河北石家庄三模) Sensory-based food education given to 3- to 5-year-old children in the kindergarten increases their willingness to choose vegetables and fruit，according to a new study from the University of Eastern Finland. The researchers used the sensory-based food education method Sapere，which makes use of children’s natural way of relying on all of the five senses when learning new things.In the Sapere method，children are given an active role around food，and they are encouraged to share their sensory experiences.For example，kindergartens can introduce different vegetables and fruit to children in hands-on sessions，they can involve children in baking and cooking，and they can offer children opportunities for growing their own vegetables in the kindergarten backyard.Food-related themes can also be included in books and games. “There are several different ways to do this.However，it always starts from sensory-based learning and child engagement.Doing and experiencing things together is also an important aspect，” says Kaisa Kähkönen，a researcher and nutritionist from the University of Eastern Finland. The researchers compared children in different kindergarten groups.Some were offered sensory-based food education，while others weren’t.Children were offered a snack buffet containing different vegetables and fruit to choose from，and the researchers took photos of their plates to analyse their willingness to choose and eat these food items. The findings show that sensory-based food education increased children’s willingness to choose vegetables and fruit，especially among children whose mothers have a lower educational background.On average，children of lower educated parents tend to eat less vegetables and fruit.This is how food education given in the kindergarten can help even_out dietary gap between families. “Another interesting finding is that the Sapere food education method also seems to improve the eating atmosphere in kindergarten groups.This encouraged children who were picky eaters to choose a more diverse selection on their plate，” Kähkönen explains. Positive and personal food-related experiences gained in the kindergarten can help adjust dietary preferences in a direction that is beneficial to health.Dietary preferences learned in early childhood often stick with a person all the way to adolescence and adulthood. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了东芬兰大学的一项新研究发现，针对3－5岁幼儿的基于感官的食物教育能提高其蔬果选择意愿，Sapere方法通过实践活动与五感学习有效促进健康饮食习惯的形成，有利于缩小家庭间的饮食差异。 1．What can we know about the Sapere method? A．It improves kids’ five senses. B．It enables kids to read more books. C．It supplies various healthy food to kids. D．It involves kids in active food-related activities. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“例如，幼儿园可以在实践课程中向孩子们介绍不同的蔬菜和水果，让孩子们参与烘焙和烹饪，并为孩子们提供在幼儿园后院种植自己蔬菜的机会。与食物相关的主题也可以包含在书籍和游戏中”可知，Sapere方法让孩子们积极参与到与食物相关的活动中。故选D。 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The research purpose. B．The research process. C．The research findings. D．The research evaluation. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。第四段详细介绍了研究的具体操作过程，包括将孩子分成不同组别，研究人员提供包含各种蔬菜和水果的零食自助餐，然后通过拍摄孩子们盘中的食物来分析他们选择和食用这些食物的意愿。所以本段主要介绍了研究的实施步骤。故选B。 3．What does the underlined part “even out” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Narrow. B．Identify. C．Analyze. D．Examine. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句“研究结果表明，基于感官的食物教育提高儿童选择蔬菜和水果的意愿，尤其是在母亲教育背景较低的儿童中”可知，食物教育在提高儿童选择蔬菜和水果的意愿方面起着重要的作用。所以幼儿园的基于感官的食物教育可以帮助缩小不同家庭间孩子在饮食习惯上的差异。所以even out的意思为“缩小”。故选A。 4．What might be the best title for the text? A．Benefits of Eating Fruit and Vegetables B．Differences in Family Dietary Preferences C．Necessity for Kids to Form Learning Habits D．New Method to Promote Kids’ Healthy Eating 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。综合全文内容，尤其根据第一段可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，即通过感官为基础的食物教育方法(Sapere方法)来提高学龄前儿童选择蔬菜和水果的意愿，从而促进他们的健康饮食习惯。文章内容围绕这一教育方法的实施、效果及其对孩子饮食选择的正面影响展开。所以D项“一种促进孩子健康饮食的新方法”是本文的最佳标题。故选D。 B (2024·广东韶关二模) Would a person born blind，who has learned to distinguish objects by touch，be able to recognize them purely by sight if he ①regained the ability to see? The question，known as Molyneux’s problem，is about whether the human mind has a built-in concept of shapes that is so ②inborn that a blind person could immediately recognize an object with restored vision.Alternatively，the concepts of shapes are not inborn but have to be learned by exploring an object through sight，touch and other senses. After their attempt to test it in blind children failed，Lars Chittka of Queen Mary University of London and his team carried out another experiment on bumblebees.To test whether bumblebees can form an internal representation of objects，they first trained the insects to distinguish globes from cubes using a sugar reward.The bees were first trained in the light，where they could see but not touch the objects.Then they were tested in the dark，where they could touch but not see the items.The researchers found that the insects spent more time in contact with the shape they had been trained to associate with the sugar reward，even though they had to rely on touch rather than sight to distinguish the objects. The researchers also did the opposite test with ③untrained bumblebees，first teaching them with rewards in the dark and then testing them in the light.Again，the bees were able to recognize the shape associated with the sugar reward，though they had to rely on sight rather than touch in the test.In short，bees have solved Molyneux’s problem because the fact suggests that they can ④picture object features and access them through sight or touch. However，some experts express their warnings against the result.Jonathan Birch，a philosopher of science，cautions that the bees may have had prior experience associating visual and tactile(触觉) information about straight edges and curved surfaces in their nests. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了通过大黄蜂实验研究莫利纽克斯问题，即一个天生失明但通过触摸学会区分物体的人在恢复视力后是否能够通过视觉来识别物体。 5．What is Molyneux’s problem about? A．Whether mankind’s sense of touch outweighs sight. B．Whether mankind’s idea of shape is inborn or learned. C．Whether blind people can identify the shape of an item. D．Whether the blind can regain their sense of touch after recovery. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The question，known as Molyneux’s problem，is about whether the human mind has a built-in concept of shapes...but have to be learned by exploring an object through sight，touch and other senses.”可知，莫利纽克斯问题的内容是人类对形状的认知是天生的还是后天习得的。故选B。 6．How did Lars Chittka and his colleagues try to figure out Molyneux’s problem? A．By experimentation on blind children. B．By conducting controlled experiments. C．By rewarding bumblebees with sugar. D．By observing bumblebees in their nests. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第二至四句可知，Lars Chittka和他的同事是通过开展控制实验来研究莫利纽克斯问题。故选B。 7．What is Jonathan Birch’s attitude towards the conclusion of the bee experiments? A．Skeptical. B．Supportive. C．Dismissive. D．Ambiguous. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段“However，some experts express their warnings against the result.Jonathan Birch...cautions that...”可知，Jonathan Birch对由蜜蜂实验得出的结论持怀疑的态度。故选A。 8．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Scientists Found Senses Matter B．Visual-Tactile Puzzle Has Been Solved C．Experiments Will Help the Blind Regain Sight D．Bumblebees May Help Solve Molyneux’s Problem 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了通过大黄蜂实验研究莫利纽克斯问题，所以D项是本文最好的标题。故选D。 语境猜词 ①regain＝(派)re＋gain重新获得 ②inborn＝(合)in＋born天生的，先天的 ③untrained＝(派)un＋train＋ed未受训练的，未经培养的 ④picture(转)n.→v.想象 C (2024·湘豫名校一模) Do you want to ensure your child hits their expected ①developmental milestones? New UBC research suggests living in areas with high exposure to green space can help set them up for success. For the study，the researchers at UBC analyzed the developmental scores of 27,372 children in Metro Vancouver who attended kindergarten between 2005 and 2011.They estimated the amount of green space around each child’s residence from birth to age five.They also assessed levels of ②traffic-related air pollution and community noise. The results highlight the fundamental importance of natural green spaces like street trees，parks and community gardens.“Most of the children were doing well in their development，in terms of language skills，cognitive(认知的) capacity，socialization and other outcomes，” says Ingrid Jarvis，a PhD candidate in the Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences at UBC.“But what’s interesting is that those children living in a residential location with more vegetation and richer natural environments showed better overall development than their peers with less green space.” According to the researchers，the reason for this is partly green spaces’ ability to reduce the harmful effects of air pollution and noise—environmental challenges that have been shown to adversely(不利地) affect children’s health and development through increased stress，sleep disturbances and central nervous system damage.“Few studies have investigated this pathway linking green space and developmental outcomes among children，” adds Jarvis. The researchers assessed early childhood development using the Early Development Instrument (EDI)，a survey completed by kindergarten teachers for each child.The tool measures a child’s ability to meet ③age-appropriate developmental expectations. “More research is needed，but our findings suggest that urban planning efforts to increase green space in residential neighbourhoods and around schools are beneficial to early childhood development，with potential health benefits throughout life，” says the study’s senior author Matilda Bosch.“Time in nature can benefit everyone，but if we want our children to have a good head start，it’s important to provide an enriching environment through nature contact.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明居住地环境的绿地面积对儿童的早期全面发展有显著的影响。 9．Which is a key factor in the researchers’ study? A．The kids’ scores from school exams. B．The average IQ score of the subjects. C．The green space where the kids lived. D．The air pollution level of the whole city. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They estimated the amount of green space around...They also assessed levels of traffic-related air pollution and community noise.”以及第三段中的“The results highlight the...of natural green spaces...gardens.”可知，研究中的一个关键因素是孩子们居住地的绿地面积。故选C。 10．What’s the message implied in paragraph 4? A．Air pollution is largely to blame for kids’ failures. B．Kids living in a noisy area tend to feel more stressed. C．Pollution harms kids’ nervous system more than noise. D．Green space is directly linked to kids’ mental development. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段首句“...air pollution and noise—environmental challenges that have been shown to adversely(不利地) affect children’s health and development through increased stress，sleep disturbances and central nervous system damage.”可知，居住地的噪声会加大孩子们的心理压力。故选B。 11．What does Matilda Bosch stress in the last paragraph? A．The importance of nature in kids’ growth. B．The role of research in scientific work. C．The proper way of giving a good start to kids. D．The urgency of expanding green space in cities. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段末句“Time in nature can benefit everyone，but if we want our children to have a good head start，it’s important to provide an enriching environment through nature contact.”可知，Matilda Bosch强调了大自然在孩子们的健康成长中所起到的重要作用。故选A。 12．What could be a suitable title for the text? A．What Are the Health Effects of Noise Pollution? B．Green Space：A Guarantee for Kids’ Future Success C．Urban Green Space and Its Impact on Human Health D．Time in Nature Aids Early Childhood Development 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究表明，居住地环境的绿地面积对儿童的早期全面发展有显著的影响。D项“大自然中的时间有助于儿童早期发展”适合作本文标题。故选D。 语境猜词 ①developmental＝(派)development＋al发展的 ②traffic-related＝(合)traffic＋related与交通相关的 ③age-appropriate＝(合)age＋appropriate适龄的 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$