专题一 专题练(七) 说明文阅读(3)-【步步高·考前三个月】2025年高考英语复习讲义课件（课件PPT+word教案）

专题练(七)　说明文阅读(3)　(分值：40分) (2023·全国乙，C改编) What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips，or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables.But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine，it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently ①top the bestseller lists. It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more ②adventurous in their cooking habits.It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some ways.There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges.It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts,1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food.Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to，and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills，and young people are also getting more interested in cooking.The UK’s obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling.Cookery shows and ③documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before.With an increasing number of male chefs on TV，it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国人在烹饪节目的影响下改变对烹饪的看法并尝试新的烹饪习惯。 28．What do people usually think of British food? A．It is simple and plain. B．It is rich in nutrition. C．It lacks authentic tastes. D．It deserves a high reputation. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段前三句以及第四句中的“Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine”可知，人们通常会觉得英国食物平淡无奇。故选A。 29．Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV? A．Authoritative. B．Creative. C．Profitable. D．Influential. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句和最后一句以及第三段内容可知，英国的烹饪节目改变了英国人对烹饪的看法，使其尝试从传统的英式饮食中走出来，并培养新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选D。 30．How does author explain the study result in paragraph 3？(改编) A．By giving examples. B．By making a comparison. C．By stating statistical data. D．By introducing a concept. 答案　C 解析　写作手法题。根据第三段中的“1 in 5 Britons say that...Almost one third say...and just under 1 in 4 say...One in four adults say...”可知，作者通过展示市场分析数据来解释研究结果。故选C。 31．What might the author continue talking about? A．The art of cooking in other countries. B．Male chefs on TV programmes. C．Table manners in the UK. D．Studies of big eaters. 答案　B 解析　后续内容预测题。根据第三段最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV，it’s no longer ‘uncool’ for boys to like cooking.”可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B。 语境猜词 ①top (转) n．→v.居……之首；为……之冠 ②adventurous＝(派)adventur(e)＋ous 有冒险精神的；大胆开拓的 ③documentary＝(派)document＋ary纪录影片；纪实节目 以上文章中第30题考查写作手法，第31题考查后续内容预测，解题技法如下： A (2024·山西一模) While we aim to avoid any appearance of baseless theories，it is ①noteworthy to observe the ②long-standing practice of putting magnets(磁铁) in cows，a phenomenon that has been carefully unfolding for years.Why are farmers putting magnets in cows? Known as cow magnets，the devices are placed inside cattle to deal with “hardware disease”．Hardware Disease occurs after an animal eats a ③metallic object that then makes a hole in the wall of the reticulum，the second stomach room in ruminant animals(反刍动物)．This issue arises from the natural eating behaviors of these ruminants，similar to a person at an unlimited food event—quickly and eagerly large bites without sufficient chewing.This fast-paced feeding approach makes them tend to ④unintentionally consume metal pieces in their food，including broken farm machinery parts，nails and wires used in fencing，for instance. Metal objects entering the reticulum may result in infections，increased body temperatures，digestive problems，and unease for the animals.To ⑤address hardware disease，the main strategy is to prevent metal from entering the cattle’s diet.Farmers have also adopted the method of placing cow magnets into the stomach using either a stomach tube or a balling gun.The cow magnet attracts such objects and prevents them from becoming fixed in the animal’s tissue.These magnets，once positioned，remain within the animals throughout their lifespan，only being removed after death when the cows pass away or are processed for meat. Moseley，a Veterinary Medicine professor，states in a hardware disease resource，“The magnet gathers foreign metallic objects，reducing the risk of making a hole in the reticulum.” Research shows a mild magnetic field affects a cow’s small blood pathways，improving circulation and aiding recovery without significant impact on the cow or milk quality. 1．Why are magnets put in cows? A．To change feeding habits. B．To prevent hardware disease. C．To improve the milk quality. D．To enhance digestive system. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Known as cow magnets，the devices are placed inside cattle to deal with ‘hardware disease’．”和第三段中的“Metal objects entering the reticulum may result in infections，increased body temperatures...The cow magnet attracts such objects and prevents them from becoming fixed in the animal’s tissue.”可知，将磁铁放置在牛体内，可以吸引金属物体，防止金属固定在动物的组织里，从而预防创伤性胃炎。故选B。 2．What is the main cause of hardware disease in ruminant animals? A．Eating without chewing. B．Taking magnets by mistake. C．Chewing hard food sufficiently. D．Swallowing metals accidentally. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This issue arises from the natural eating behaviors of these ruminants...This fast-paced feeding approach makes them tend to unintentionally consume metal pieces in their food...”可知，反刍动物得创伤性胃炎是因为它们在没有充分咀嚼的情况下快速而急切地大口进食，这会使它们无意中吃掉食物中的金属碎片。故选D。 3．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To describe the historical practice of putting magnets in cows. B．To deny the adoption of cow magnets to enhance cattle health. C．To discuss the influence of a mild magnetic field on milk quality. D．To explain the reason for using magnets to prevent hardware disease. 答案　D 解析　写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是第一段末句“Why are farmers putting magnets in cows？”和第二段首句“Known as cow magnets，the devices are placed inside cattle to deal with ‘hardware disease’．”可知，本文主要解释了在牛体内放磁铁预防创伤性胃炎这种做法的原因。故选D。 4．What might be a logical continuation of the passage? A．Exploring more potential benefits of placing magnets inside cows. B．Investigating the broader applications of magnets. C．Discussing the alternative methods of caring for cows. D．Evaluating the long-term effects of magnets on animals. 答案　A 解析　后续内容预测题。根据最后一段中的“Research shows a mild magnetic field affects a cow’s small blood pathways，improving circulation and aiding recovery without significant impact on the cow or milk quality.”可知，在牛体内放磁铁除了能够防止创伤性胃炎外，还能够改善血液循环，帮助恢复，而不会对牛或牛奶质量产生重大影响，由此可推测出，接下来文章可能会谈在牛体内放磁铁的更多潜在好处。故选A。 语境猜词 ①noteworthy＝(合)note＋worthy值得注意的 ②long-standing＝(合)long＋standing存在已久的 ③metallic＝(派)metal＋l＋ic含金属的；金属制的 ④unintentionally＝(派)un＋intention＋al＋ly无意地 ⑤address(熟义：地址)　生义(文义)：设法解决，处理 B (2024·广东深圳二模) For decades，scientists thought of the brain as the most valuable and consequently most closely guarded part of the body.Locked safely behind the blood-brain barrier，it was broadly free of the harm of viruses and the battles started by the immune system(免疫系统)．Then，about 20 years ago，some researchers began to wonder：is the brain really so separated from the body? The answer，according to a growing body of evidence，is no. The list of brain conditions that have been associated with changes elsewhere in the body is long and growing.Changes in the make-up of the microorganisms(微生物) in the digestive system have been linked to disorders such as Parkinson’s disease.There is also a theory that infection during pregnancy(孕期) could lead to brain diseases in babies. The effect is ①two-way.There is a lengthening list of symptoms not typically viewed as disorders of the nervous system，but the brain plays a large part in them.For example，the development of a fever is influenced by a population of nerve cells that control body temperature and appetite.Evidence is ④mounting that cancers use nerves to grow and spread. The ②interconnection between brain and body has promising implications for our ability to both understand and treat illnesses.If some brain disorders start outside the brain，then perhaps treatments for them could also reach in from outside.Treatments that take effect through the digestive system，the heart or other organs，would be much easier and less risky than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier. It also works in the opposite direction.Study shows mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulation to a brain area involved in positive emotion and motivation.Activation of the brain reward centre—called the ventral tegmental area (VTA)—seems to cause immune changes that contribute to it.Working out how this happens could help to destroy cancers，enhance responses to vaccines(疫苗) and even ③re-evaluate physical diseases that，for centuries，have not been considered as being psychologically driven. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人脑和身体在病理上的紧密联系以及给我们治疗疾病带来的启示。 5．What do the researchers focus on about the brain? A．Its protective system. B．Its exposure to diseases. C．Its controlling function. D．Its connection to the body. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“Then，about 20 years ago，some researchers began to wonder：is the brain really so separated from the body？”可知，研究人员想知道大脑跟身体是不是真的如此分离开，也就是他们关注大脑与身体之间的联系，因此答案为D。 6．How does the author support his idea in paragraph 2? A．By explaining a theory. B．By providing examples. C．By making comparisons. D．By presenting cause and effect. 答案　B 解析　写作手法题。根据本段内容可知，作者先提出“有许多脑部疾病与身体其他部分改变相关”的观点，然后列举了消化系统微生物组成的改变与帕金森病有关和孕期感染导致婴儿脑部疾病两个例子来支持他的观点，因此答案为B。 7．Which best describes treatments that do not cross the blood-brain barrier? A．Cheaper. B．More specific. C．Safer. D．More direct. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题，根据第四段末句“Treatments that take effect through the digestive system，heart or other organs，would be much easier and less risky than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier.”可知，通过消化系统、心脏或其他器官就能起作用的疗法会比那些必须穿过血脑屏障的疗法简单得多且风险更小，因此答案为C。 8．What does the study suggest in the last paragraph? A．Brain health depends on immune changes. B．Brain stimulation leads to negative emotions. C．The brain can help enhance psychological health. D．The brain may be key to treating physical diseases. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。上一段讲了间接的身体治疗方式对治疗大脑疾病有效，本段首句“反过来也有效”说明对大脑的积极刺激也有助于治疗身体疾病。并且下文举了小老鼠的例子：实验室中接受特定大脑区域刺激的小老鼠能拥有更健康的心脏。因此我们可以得出：一些身体疾病的治疗也可以从大脑入手，因此答案为D。 语境猜词 ①two-way＝(合)two＋way双向的 ②interconnection＝(派)inter＋connection相互关联 ③re-evaluate＝(派)re＋evaluate再评估，重新考虑 ④mount(熟义：山)　生义(文义)：逐步增加 C (2024·福建福州三模) Urban agriculture，the practice of farming within the restrictions of a city，is becoming increasingly popular and is viewed as a sustainable alternative to big industrial farms.By some estimates，between 20% and 30% of the global urban population engages in some form of urban agriculture.But until recently，its carbon footprint remains understudied. Using data from 73 ①low-tech city farms，community gardens and personal plots of land，Newell and his team compared the average carbon emissions of food produced at low-tech urban agriculture sites to those of conventionally grown crops.The team found that because of urban gardens’ relatively low yields，along with the energy used in constructing the planting beds，big-city spuds(马铃薯) were significantly more ②carbon-intensive than commercially grown ones.This held true even when the researchers factored in emissions from transporting commercially grown produce to often distant grocery stores.That doesn’t mean that growing vegetables in big cities is totally bad，however.“Urban farming is great，” if imperfect，says Carola Grebitus，a food choice expert.It can be a powerful tool for job creation and education，she says，and a good way to introduce fresh produce to urban “food deserts” where healthy fruit and vegetables are hard to come by.Community gardens can also provide a place to connect with nature，and the added green space can reduce the risks of heat and flooding. Conscious of these benefits，Newell’s team highlighted several ways to make urban agriculture more sustainable.One option is to be selective about what crops are grown.For instance，tomatoes grown in the soil of open-air urban plots had a lower carbon intensity than tomatoes grown in conventional greenhouses.Another strategy is to rely on existing constructions.Include old structures into a new garden’s design instead of taking down old buildings.Finally，take the local climate，water quality and soil into account.Growing plants that are ③ill-suited to an area requires more water，energy and pesticides(杀虫剂)，all of which affect the environment. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了城市农业越来越受欢迎，并讲了其缺点和优点以及使城市农业更具可持续性的策略。 9．What can we know about urban agriculture from paragraph 1? A．It is thoroughly researched. B．It is welcomed by city people. C．It is environmentally friendly. D．It is limited to industrial farms. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Urban agriculture...is becoming increasingly popular...between 20% and 30% of the global urban population engages in some form of urban agriculture.”可知，从第一段我们可以知道城市农业受到城市居民的欢迎。故选B。 10．How does the author explain the reason for urban agriculture’s higher carbon intensity? A．By making a comparison. B．By telling a story. C．By giving a definition. D．By using a quote. 答案　A 解析　写作手法题。根据第二段中“...Newell and his team compared the average carbon emissions of food produced at low-tech urban agriculture sites to those of conventionally grown crops.”可知，作者通过作比较的方法来解释城市农业碳强度较高的原因。故选A。 11．According to Carola，what is a benefit of urban agriculture? A．It adds variety to urban people’s diet. B．It provides recreational opportunities. C．It strengthens the bonds of community. D．It helps to contain drought and flooding. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘Urban farming is great，’ if imperfect，says Carola Grebitus...It can be a...good way to introduce fresh produce to urban ‘food deserts’ where healthy fruit and vegetables are hard to come by.”可推知，城市农业的好处之一是它增加了城市居民饮食的多样性。故选A。 12．What is recommended to make urban agriculture more sustainable? A．Reconstructing gardens. B．Developing greenhouse crops. C．Selecting ④pesticide-free vegetables. D．Growing plants suited to local conditions. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Finally，take the local climate，water quality and soil into account.Growing plants that are ill-suited to an area requires more water，energy and pesticides(杀虫剂)，all of which affect the environment.”可知，文章建议种植适合当地环境的植物，这样可以使城市农业更加可持续发展。故选D。 语境猜词 ①low-tech＝(合)low＋tech技术含量低的 ②carbon-intensive＝(合)carbon＋intensive碳密集的 ③ill-suited＝(合)ill＋suited不合适的 ④pesticide-free＝(合)pesticide＋free无农药的 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题一　四选一阅读 专题练(七) 说明文阅读(3) 内容索引 做真题　悟技法 练模拟　提能力 (2023·全国乙，C改编) What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips，or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables.But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine，it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently ①top the bestseller lists. 做真题 悟技法 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国人在烹饪节目的影响下改变对烹饪的看法并尝试新的烹饪习惯。 It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more ②adventurous in their cooking habits.It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some ways.There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges.It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts,1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food.Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to，and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills，and young people are also getting more interested in cooking.The UK’s obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling.Cookery shows and ③documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before.With an increasing number of male chefs on TV，it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 28.What do people usually think of British food? A.It is simple and plain. B.It is rich in nutrition. C.It lacks authentic tastes. D.It deserves a high reputation. 细节理解题。根据第一段前三句以及第四句中的“Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine”可知，人们通常会觉得英国食物平淡无奇。故选A。 √ 29.Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV? A.Authoritative. B.Creative. C.Profitable. D.Influential. 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句和最后一句以及第三段内容可知，英国的烹饪节目改变了英国人对烹饪的看法，使其尝试从传统的英式饮食中走出来，并培养新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选D。 √ 30.How does author explain the study result in paragraph 3？(改编) A.By giving examples. B.By making a comparison. C.By stating statistical data. D.By introducing a concept. 写作手法题。根据第三段中的“1 in 5 Britons say that...Almost one third say...and just under 1 in 4 say...One in four adults say...”可知，作者通过展示市场分析数据来解释研究结果。故选C。 √ 31.What might the author continue talking about? A.The art of cooking in other countries. B.Male chefs on TV programmes. C.Table manners in the UK. D.Studies of big eaters. 后续内容预测题。根据第三段最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV，it’s no longer ‘uncool’ for boys to like cooking.”可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B。 √ ①top (转) n.→v. ________________________ ②adventurous＝(派)adventur(e)＋ous __________________________ ③documentary＝(派)document＋ary _____________________ 居……之首；为……之冠 有冒险精神的；大胆开拓的 纪录影片；纪实节目 语境猜词 以上文章中第30题考查写作手法，第31题考查后续内容预测，解题技法如下： 返回 技法点拨 A (2024·山西一模) While we aim to avoid any appearance of baseless theories，it is ①noteworthy to observe the ②long-standing practice of putting magnets(磁铁) in cows，a phenomenon that has been carefully unfolding for years.Why are farmers putting magnets in cows? 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要解释了在牛体内放磁铁这种做法的原因。 练模拟 提能力 Known as cow magnets，the devices are placed inside cattle to deal with “hardware disease”.Hardware Disease occurs after an animal eats a ③metallic object that then makes a hole in the wall of the reticulum，the second stomach room in ruminant animals(反刍动物).This issue arises from the natural eating behaviors of these ruminants，similar to a person at an unlimited food event—quickly and eagerly large bites without sufficient chewing.This fast-paced feeding approach makes them tend to ④unintentionally consume metal pieces in their food，including broken farm machinery parts，nails and wires used in fencing，for instance. Metal objects entering the reticulum may result in infections，increased body temperatures，digestive problems，and unease for the animals.To ⑤address hardware disease，the main strategy is to prevent metal from entering the cattle’s diet.Farmers have also adopted the method of placing cow magnets into the stomach using either a stomach tube or a balling gun.The cow magnet attracts such objects and prevents them from becoming fixed in the animal’s tissue.These magnets，once positioned，remain within the animals throughout their lifespan，only being removed after death when the cows pass away or are processed for meat. Moseley，a Veterinary Medicine professor，states in a hardware disease resource，“The magnet gathers foreign metallic objects，reducing the risk of making a hole in the reticulum.” Research shows a mild magnetic field affects a cow’s small blood pathways，improving circulation and aiding recovery without significant impact on the cow or milk quality. 1.Why are magnets put in cows? A.To change feeding habits. B.To prevent hardware disease. C.To improve the milk quality. D.To enhance digestive system. 细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Known as cow magnets，the devices are placed inside cattle to deal with ‘hardware disease’.”和第三段中的“Metal objects entering the reticulum may result in infections，increased body temperatures...The cow magnet attracts such objects and prevents them from becoming fixed in the animal’s tissue.”可知，将磁铁放置在牛体内，可以吸引金属物体，防止金属固定在动物的组织里，从而预防创伤性胃炎。故选B。 √ 2.What is the main cause of hardware disease in ruminant animals? A.Eating without chewing. B.Taking magnets by mistake. C.Chewing hard food sufficiently. D.Swallowing metals accidentally. √ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This issue arises from the natural eating behaviors of these ruminants...This fast-paced feeding approach makes them tend to unintentionally consume metal pieces in their food...”可知，反刍动物得创伤性胃炎是因为它们在没有充分咀嚼的情况下快速而急切地大口进食，这会使它们无意中吃掉食物中的金属碎片。故选D。 3.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A.To describe the historical practice of putting magnets in cows. B.To deny the adoption of cow magnets to enhance cattle health. C.To discuss the influence of a mild magnetic field on milk quality. D.To explain the reason for using magnets to prevent hardware disease. √ 写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是第一段末句“Why are farmers putting magnets in cows？”和第二段首句“Known as cow magnets，the devices are placed inside cattle to deal with ‘hardware disease’.”可知，本文主要解释了在牛体内放磁铁预防创伤性胃炎这种做法的原因。故选D。 4.What might be a logical continuation of the passage? A.Exploring more potential benefits of placing magnets inside cows. B.Investigating the broader applications of magnets. C.Discussing the alternative methods of caring for cows. D.Evaluating the long-term effects of magnets on animals. √ 后续内容预测题。根据最后一段中的“Research shows a mild magnetic field affects a cow’s small blood pathways，improving circulation and aiding recovery without significant impact on the cow or milk quality.”可知，在牛体内放磁铁除了能够防止创伤性胃炎外，还能够改善血液循环，帮助恢复，而不会对牛或牛奶质量产生重大影响，由此可推测出，接下来文章可能会谈在牛体内放磁铁的更多潜在好处。故选A。 ①noteworthy＝(合)note＋worthy _____________ ②long-standing＝(合)long＋standing ____________ ③metallic＝(派)metal＋l＋ic _____________________ ④unintentionally＝(派)un＋intention＋al＋ly ________ ⑤address(熟义：地址)　生义(文义)： ________________ 语境猜词 值得注意的 存在已久的 含金属的；金属制的 无意地 设法解决，处理 B (2024·广东深圳二模) For decades，scientists thought of the brain as the most valuable and consequently most closely guarded part of the body.Locked safely behind the blood-brain barrier，it was broadly free of the harm of viruses and the battles started by the immune system(免疫系统).Then，about 20 years ago，some researchers began to wonder：is the brain really so separated from the body? The answer，according to a growing body of evidence，is no. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人脑和身体在病理上的紧密联系以及给我们治疗疾病带来的启示。 The list of brain conditions that have been associated with changes elsewhere in the body is long and growing.Changes in the make-up of the microorganisms(微生物) in the digestive system have been linked to disorders such as Parkinson’s disease.There is also a theory that infection during pregnancy(孕期) could lead to brain diseases in babies. The effect is ①two-way.There is a lengthening list of symptoms not typically viewed as disorders of the nervous system，but the brain plays a large part in them.For example，the development of a fever is influenced by a population of nerve cells that control body temperature and appetite.Evidence is ④mounting that cancers use nerves to grow and spread. The ②interconnection between brain and body has promising implications for our ability to both understand and treat illnesses.If some brain disorders start outside the brain，then perhaps treatments for them could also reach in from outside.Treatments that take effect through the digestive system，the heart or other organs，would be much easier and less risky than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier. It also works in the opposite direction.Study shows mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulation to a brain area involved in positive emotion and motivation.Activation of the brain reward centre—called the ventral tegmental area (VTA)—seems to cause immune changes that contribute to it.Working out how this happens could help to destroy cancers，enhance responses to vaccines(疫苗) and even ③re-evaluate physical diseases that，for centuries，have not been considered as being psychologically driven. 5.What do the researchers focus on about the brain? A.Its protective system. B.Its exposure to diseases. C.Its controlling function. D.Its connection to the body. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Then，about 20 years ago，some researchers began to wonder：is the brain really so separated from the body？”可知，研究人员想知道大脑跟身体是不是真的如此分离开，也就是他们关注大脑与身体之间的联系，因此答案为D。 √ 6.How does the author support his idea in paragraph 2? A.By explaining a theory. B.By providing examples. C.By making comparisons. D.By presenting cause and effect. 写作手法题。根据本段内容可知，作者先提出“有许多脑部疾病与身体其他部分改变相关”的观点，然后列举了消化系统微生物组成的改变与帕金森病有关和孕期感染导致婴儿脑部疾病两个例子来支持他的观点，因此答案为B。 √ 7.Which best describes treatments that do not cross the blood-brain barrier? A.Cheaper. B.More specific. C.Safer. D.More direct. √ 细节理解题，根据第四段末句“Treatments that take effect through the digestive system，heart or other organs，would be much easier and less risky than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier.”可知，通过消化系统、心脏或其他器官就能起作用的疗法会比那些必须穿过血脑屏障的疗法简单得多且风险更小，因此答案为C。 8.What does the study suggest in the last paragraph? A.Brain health depends on immune changes. B.Brain stimulation leads to negative emotions. C.The brain can help enhance psychological health. D.The brain may be key to treating physical diseases. √ 推理判断题。上一段讲了间接的身体治疗方式对治疗大脑疾病有效，本段首句“反过来也有效”说明对大脑的积极刺激也有助于治疗身体疾病。并且下文举了小老鼠的例子：实验室中接受特定大脑区域刺激的小老鼠能拥有更健康的心脏。因此我们可以得出：一些身体疾病的治疗也可以从大脑入手，因此答案为D。 ①two-way＝(合)two＋way ________ ②interconnection＝(派)inter＋connection _________ ③re-evaluate＝(派)re＋evaluate __________________ ④mount(熟义：山)　生义(文义)： ___________ 双向的 相互关联 再评估，重新考虑 语境猜词 逐步增加 C (2024·福建福州三模) Urban agriculture，the practice of farming within the restrictions of a city，is becoming increasingly popular and is viewed as a sustainable alternative to big industrial farms.By some estimates，between 20% and 30% of the global urban population engages in some form of urban agriculture.But until recently，its carbon footprint remains understudied. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了城市农业越来越受欢迎，并讲了其缺点和优点以及使城市农业更具可持续性的策略。 Using data from 73 ①low-tech city farms，community gardens and personal plots of land，Newell and his team compared the average carbon emissions of food produced at low-tech urban agriculture sites to those of conventionally grown crops.The team found that because of urban gardens’ relatively low yields，along with the energy used in constructing the planting beds，big-city spuds(马铃薯) were significantly more ②carbon-intensive than commercially grown ones.This held true even when the researchers factored in emissions from transporting commercially grown produce to often distant grocery stores. That doesn’t mean that growing vegetables in big cities is totally bad，however.“Urban farming is great，” if imperfect，says Carola Grebitus，a food choice expert.It can be a powerful tool for job creation and education，she says，and a good way to introduce fresh produce to urban “food deserts” where healthy fruit and vegetables are hard to come by.Community gardens can also provide a place to connect with nature，and the added green space can reduce the risks of heat and flooding. Conscious of these benefits，Newell’s team highlighted several ways to make urban agriculture more sustainable.One option is to be selective about what crops are grown.For instance，tomatoes grown in the soil of open-air urban plots had a lower carbon intensity than tomatoes grown in conventional greenhouses.Another strategy is to rely on existing constructions.Include old structures into a new garden’s design instead of taking down old buildings.Finally，take the local climate，water quality and soil into account.Growing plants that are ③ill-suited to an area requires more water，energy and pesticides(杀虫剂)，all of which affect the environment. 9.What can we know about urban agriculture from paragraph 1? A.It is thoroughly researched. B.It is welcomed by city people. C.It is environmentally friendly. D.It is limited to industrial farms. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Urban agriculture...is becoming increasingly popular...between 20% and 30% of the global urban population engages in some form of urban agriculture.”可知，从第一段我们可以知道城市农业受到城市居民的欢迎。故选B。 √ 10.How does the author explain the reason for urban agriculture’s higher carbon intensity? A.By making a comparison. B.By telling a story. C.By giving a definition. D.By using a quote. √ 写作手法题。根据第二段中“...Newell and his team compared the average carbon emissions of food produced at low-tech urban agriculture sites to those of conventionally grown crops.”可知，作者通过作比较的方法来解释城市农业碳强度较高的原因。故选A。 11.According to Carola，what is a benefit of urban agriculture? A.It adds variety to urban people’s diet. B.It provides recreational opportunities. C.It strengthens the bonds of community. D.It helps to contain drought and flooding. √ 推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘Urban farming is great，’ if imperfect，says Carola Grebitus...It can be a...good way to introduce fresh produce to urban ‘food deserts’ where healthy fruit and vegetables are hard to come by.”可推知，城市农业的好处之一是它增加了城市居民饮食的多样性。故选A。 12.What is recommended to make urban agriculture more sustainable? A.Reconstructing gardens. B.Developing greenhouse crops. C.Selecting ④pesticide-free vegetables. D.Growing plants suited to local conditions. √ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Finally，take the local climate，water quality and soil into account.Growing plants that are ill-suited to an area requires more water，energy and pesticides(杀虫剂)，all of which affect the environment.”可知，文章建议种植适合当地环境的植物，这样可以使城市农业更加可持续发展。故选D。 ①low-tech＝(合)low＋tech ____________ ②carbon-intensive＝(合)carbon＋intensive __________ ③ill-suited＝(合)ill＋suited __________ ④pesticide-free＝(合)pesticide＋free __________ 技术含量低的 碳密集的 不合适的 返回 语境猜词 无农药的 $$