专题一 专题练(六) 说明文阅读(2)-【步步高·考前三个月】2025年高考英语复习讲义课件（课件PPT+word教案）

专题一　四选一阅读 专题练(六) 说明文阅读(2) 内容索引 做真题　悟技法 练模拟　提能力 (2023·新课标Ⅱ，C改编) Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book，represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history，in art made long before books as we now know them ①came into being.In artists’ ②representations of books and reading，we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. 做真题 悟技法 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了收录近三百件来自博物馆和世界各地的收藏品的一本书——Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers。书中以艺术作品的形式记录了不同时期人们阅读的场景，论述了在通信技术发达的现在，纸质书仍然具有互动性，并没有过时。 In this “book of books”，artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school，with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.Adults are portrayed(描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume，deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago，but they record moments we can all relate to. Books themselves may be used ③symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect(才智)，wealth or faith of the subject.Before the wide use of the printing press，books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right.More recently，as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway，artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers，pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated.From a 21st-century point of view，the printed book is certainly ancient，but it remains as ④interactive as any battery-powered e-reader.To serve its function，a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened，the pages parted，the contents reviewed，perhaps notes written down or words underlined.And ⑤in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked，a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private，“off-line” activity. 28.Where is the text most probably taken from? A.An introduction to a book. B.An essay on the art of writing. C.A guidebook to a museum. D.A review of modern paintings. 文章出处题。根据第一段第一句“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book，represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”以及第二段第一句“In this ‘book of books’，artworks are selected and arranged...”可知，本文围绕Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers这本书展开介绍，可推测本文最有可能出自该书的序言。故选A。 √ 29.What are the selected artworks about? A.Wealth and intellect. B.Home and school. C.Books and reading. D.Work and leisure. 细节理解题。根据第一段末句及第二段关于不同人物和阅读场景的描述可知，选定的艺术作品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。 √ 30.What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A.Understand. B.Paint. C.Seize. D.Transform. 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文及画线词所在句可推知，艺术作品里的场景可能是在几百年前画的，但这些瞬间我们现在都能感同身受，故A项“理解、认识到”符合题意。故选A。 √ 31.What does the author think of the printed book? (改编) A.It’s out of date. B.It’s expensive. C.It’s unchanged. D.It’s valuable. 观点态度题。通过文章最后一段中的“but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader”以及“a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private，‘off-line’ activity”可推知，作者认为印刷书籍并没有完全过时，仍然有使用价值。故选D。 √ ①come into being _____________ ②representation＝(派)represent＋ation ____________ ③symbolically＝(派)symbol＋ic＋ally __________ ④interactive＝(派)inter＋act＋ive ______________________ ⑤in contrast to _________________ 产生；形成 描述；表现 象征性地 语境猜词 交互式的；互相影响的 与……形成对比 以上文章中第28题考查文章出处，第31题考查观点态度，解题技法如下： 返回 技法点拨 A (2024·安徽合肥一模) A pair of researchers with Leibniz University Hannover has demonstrated the means by which robots might be programmed to experience something similar to pain in animals.As part of their demonstration at last week’s IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation held in Stockholm，Johannes Kuehn and Sami Haddadin showed how pain might be used in robots，by interacting with a BioTac ①fingertip sensor on the end of a Kuka robotic arm that had been programmed to react differently to differing amounts of pain. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以感知疼痛的机器人，解释了教会机器人感知疼痛的意义以及机器人可以根据疼痛程度做出不同的反应。 练模拟 提能力 The idea of developing an artificial robot nervous system may seem contrary to all expectations，but Kuehn says doing so is important in the same way that it is good for humans to feel pain.“Pain is a system that protects us，” says Kuehn.“When we avoid the source of pain，it helps us not get hurt.” So when robots can feel and react to pain，they will become smart enough to avoid it.The more dangerous the robot registers the threat to be，the faster it will withdraw and avoid the source of danger.Additionally，Kuehn and Haddadin say humans working alongside robots that feel pain，especially those in heavy machinery，will be protected around them. They have tested out some of their ideas using a robotic arm with a fingertip sensor that can detect pressure and temperature.It uses a robot-tissue patch(小片) modeled on human skin to decide how much pain should be felt and thus what action to take.For example，if the arm feels light pain，it slowly withdraws until the pain stops，and then returns to its original task；severe pain，meanwhile，causes the arm to go into a kind of ②lockdown mode until it can get help from a human operator. Such robots are likely to raise ③a host of questions，of course，if they become more common—if a robot acts the same way a human does when touching a hot plate，are we to believe it is truly experiencing pain? Only time will tell of course，but one thing that is evident，Kuehn and Haddadin’s work could lead to robots that are more ④human-like than ever. 1.What do we learn about the robots in the demonstration? A.They can learn skills like animals. B.They can communicate with people. C.They have the ability to feel pain. D.They respond differently to requests. √ 细节理解题。根据第一段中“As part of their demonstration at last week’s IEEE International Conference on Robotics...showed how pain might be used in robots，by interacting with a BioTac fingertip sensor...to react differently to differing amounts of pain.”可知，演示中的机器人有感知疼痛的能力。故选C。 2.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A.The significance of teaching robots to feel pain. B.The principle of robots’ avoidance of injuries. C.The analysis of the artificial robot nervous system. D.The value of protecting human workers from injury. √ 段落大意题。根据第二段中“So when robots can feel and react to pain，they will become smart enough to avoid it...Additionally，Kuehn and Haddadin say humans working alongside robots that feel pain，especially those in heavy machinery，will be protected around them.”可知，第二段主要讲的是教会机器人感知疼痛的意义。故选A。 3.What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 3? A.The robot arm is smart enough to carry out different tasks. B.The robot arm can work as well as a human operator. C.The robot arm can react differently based on degrees of pain. D.The robot arm is tolerant of changes of pressure and temperature. √ 细节理解题。根据第三段中“For example，if the arm feels light pain，it slowly withdraws until the pain stops，and then returns to its original task；severe pain，meanwhile，causes the arm to go into a kind of lockdown mode until it can get help from a human operator.”可知，机械臂可以根据疼痛程度做出不同的反应。故选C。 4.What is the author’s attitude toward Kuehn and Haddadin’s study? A.⑤Dismissive. B.Pessimistic. C.Unclear. D.Optimistic. 观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Only time will tell of course，but one thing that is evident，Kuehn and Haddadin’s work could lead to robots that are more human-like than ever.”可推知，作者对库恩和哈达丁的研究持乐观态度。故选D。 √ ①fingertip＝(合)finger＋tip _____ ②lockdown＝(合)lock＋down ______ ③a host of ___________ ④human-like＝(合)human＋like __________ ⑤dismissive＝(派)dismiss＋ive ________ 语境猜词 指尖 锁定 许多，大量 似人类的 轻蔑的 B (2024·河北沧州一模) “Moja，mbili，tatu...”One，two，three.Juliana Rubashai is counting aloud to show what she has learned in school.Delighted and proud，she counts to 20，but her mother，Zefrina Nandia，adds that Juliana can keep counting，and that she also can do some reading. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国际援助服务(IAS)在坦桑尼亚西南部开展的一个项目。该项目改善学校设施，提高当地社区的教育意识，培训教师并游说地方当局。通过这些方式，努力确保每个人都能接受基础教育。 Nine-year-old Juliana is one of the children who have received aid through a project run by International Aid Services(IAS)in southwestern Tanzania，where many children stay at home all day，①cut off from social contact and schooling.The project improves school facilities and raises local community’s awareness about education.They train teachers and lobby(游说) the local authorities.In these ways，IAS is struggling to ensure basic education for everyone. Zefrina was contacted last year by project coordinator Fortunatus Rafael，who gets in touch with families to get an ②overview of children’s needs and school options.Zefrina had previously asked the local school to enroll Juliana，but was turned down due to lack of resources.Thanks to the project，the school can offer chances to more children. Part of the project is training teachers in special needs education.Many teachers have received additional training in estimating the degree of a child’s disability.During the first year of the project,270 children with special needs have been evaluated，and of these,200 got the chance to go to school.The teachers Scolastica Nyoni and Bwigane Mwasipu both appreciate how it has strengthened their skills.“When teaching children with special needs，we know whom to pay extra attention to.This means a closer relation between teachers and students，” says Scolastica. It’s a year since Juliana got into the classroom，and her mother notices definite improvement.“She used to be lonely and unhappy.Now，she’s much happier and always wants to go to school，” says Zefrina.The teachers also notice big changes have taken place in the local community.“Parents are now coming to us to find teachers to teach their children with special needs.Previously，they didn’t think that schooling would be possible for these children，” says Bwigane. 5.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A.The life of a Tanzanian girl named Juliana. B.The challenges faced by Tanzanian children. C.The success story of a school project in Tanzania. D.IAS’s efforts to improve educational access in Tanzania. 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要讲述国际援助服务为改善坦桑尼亚的教育机会所作的努力。故选D。 √ 6.What does the underlined word “enroll” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A.Assess. B.Award. C.Accept. D.Contact. √ 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文内容“...but was turned down due to lack of resources.Thanks to the project，the school can offer chances to more children.”可知，画线词所在句“Zefrina had previously asked the local school to enroll Juliana”中画线词与accept“接收”意思相近，她想要学校接收朱莉安娜，但是学校由于资源缺乏，不能接收更多的孩子。故选C。 7.What do the teachers think of the IAS’s project? A.It helps the teachers know their students better. B.It improves the relationship between the teachers. C.It offers assistance to the teachers with special needs. D.It provides disabled students with a chance to recover. √ 观点态度题。根据倒数第二段的“The teachers Scolastica Nyoni and Bwigane Mwasipu both appreciate how it has strengthened their skills.‘When teaching children with special needs...This means a closer relation between teachers and students，’ says Scolastica.”可知，这个项目让老师们可以更好地了解他们的学生。故选A。 8.How does the IAS’s project benefit the community? A.Disadvantaged children receive financial support. B.The overall awareness of education is raised. C.More schools are willing to admit local children. D.Belief in government’s policies is strengthened. √ 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The teachers also notice big changes...‘Previously，they didn’t think that schooling would be possible for these children，’ says Bwigane.”可知，这个项目让当地人的教育意识提高了。故选B。 ①cut off from ______________ ②overview＝(派)over＋view _____________ 与……不接触 纵览；概况 语境猜词 C (2024·河北二模) For the past decade，one of the most linguistically(语言地) diverse places in the world，square mile after square mile，has been my home：Queens，New York. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者所在的纽约皇后区的语言多样性。英语很大程度上在这里是作为一种重要的通用语。作者还提到，他所领导的非营利组织记录了纽约人使用的100多种未被官方认可的语言，这表明21世纪初的纽约市是濒危语言的最后避难所。这种深度的语言多样性是纽约历史和构成中最少被探索但又可能最重要的因素之一，也解释了纽约容纳和接纳他人的特殊能力。 The soundtrack outside my door is ①extraordinary：On any given block，passing voices speak varieties of Polish，Ukrainian，Egyptian Arabic，Mexican Spanish，Puerto Rican Spanish，Dominican Spanish，and all the forms of New York City English they give rise to. As a person who studies languages，I can usually distinguish them from one another，but understand only a part of what people are saying. Users of Seke，a language from five villages in Nepal with 700 speakers，live a subway ride away.In certain stores，Albanians，Bosnians，Serbs，and Montenegrins all reunite，using the languages of the former Yugoslavia as if the country still existed.No group has a majority，or even 15 percent of the neighborhood，and most are at just 5 or 10 percent.English acts，for the most part，as a vital lingua franca(通用语).This last point is crucial，because a city can be a haven(避难所) for ②diversity but also an end point. My neighborhood has its signature sound，but there are several dozen others that are just as diverse，each in a different way. These are the places where the Endangered Language Alliance，the ③nonprofit I co-direct，has recorded New Yorkers speaking more than 100 languages that the survey and other data sets say don’t officially exist，and more than 700 in total. That linguistic portrait makes clear that early-21st-century New York City is a last haven for endangered languages—ones that are being hounded out of existence elsewhere.And this deep linguistic diversity is among the least explored but possibly most important factors in New York’s history and make-up.New York’s soul can be found in the existence of these many，many languages，explaining New York’s particular capacity for ④tolerance and its ability to “make room” for others. 9.What may be the author’s occupation? A.An economist. B.A historian. C.A linguist. D.A reporter. 推理判断题。根据第三段“作为一个研究语言的人，我通常可以区分不同的语言，但只理解人们所说的一部分”可推知，作者可能是一名语言学家。故选C。 √ 10.What can be inferred about the languages in New York City? A.They are close to disappearing. B.They are mainly spoken by villagers. C.English is the most popular language. D.Many of them are not officially recognized. √ 细节理解题。根据第六段“在这些地方，我参与领导的非营利组织‘濒危语言联盟’记录了纽约人说的100多种语言，而调查和其他数据集显示，这些语言并不正式存在，总共有700多种”可知，很多语言在纽约市并没有被官方认可。故选D。 11.What does the underlined word “hounded” in the last paragraph probably mean? A.Protected. B.Threatened. C.Respected. D.Accepted. √ 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“early-21st-century New York City is a last haven for endangered languages”可知，21世纪初的纽约市是濒危语言的最后避难所，所以“ones that are being hounded out of existence elsewhere”说明这些濒危语言在其他地方正被驱逐出存在的空间，也就是受到威胁的意思。故选B。 12.From which book might the text have been taken? A.Language City. B.The Development of Languages. C.Endangered Languages in New York. D.The Importance of Language Diversity. √ 文章出处题。根据第一段“在过去的十年里，世界上语言最多样化的地方之一一直是我的家，一平方英里连着一平方英里：纽约皇后区”并结合文章主要介绍了作者所在的纽约皇后区的语言多样性可知，文章最可能来自《语言城市》这本书。故选A。 ①extraordinary＝(派)extra＋ordinary ____________ ②diversity＝(派)divers(e)＋ity _________________ ③nonprofit＝(派)non＋profit __________ ④tolerance＝(派)toler(ate)＋ance ____________ 异乎寻常的 多样性，多样化 非营利的 返回 语境猜词 忍受，容忍 $$ 专题练(六)　说明文阅读(2)　(分值：40分) (2023·新课标Ⅱ，C改编) Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book，represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history，in art made long before books as we now know them ①came into being.In artists’ ②representations of books and reading，we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books”，artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school，with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.Adults are portrayed(描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume，deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago，but they record moments we can all relate_to. Books themselves may be used ③symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect(才智)，wealth or faith of the subject.Before the wide use of the printing press，books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right.More recently，as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway，artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers，pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated.From a 21st-century point of view，the printed book is certainly ancient，but it remains as ④interactive as any battery-powered e-reader.To serve its function，a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened，the pages parted，the contents reviewed，perhaps notes written down or words underlined.And ⑤in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked，a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private，“off-line” activity. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了收录近三百件来自博物馆和世界各地的收藏品的一本书——Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers。书中以艺术作品的形式记录了不同时期人们阅读的场景，论述了在通信技术发达的现在，纸质书仍然具有互动性，并没有过时。 28．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．An introduction to a book. B．An essay on the art of writing. C．A guidebook to a museum. D．A review of modern paintings. 答案　A 解析　文章出处题。根据第一段第一句“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book，represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”以及第二段第一句“In this ‘book of books’，artworks are selected and arranged...”可知，本文围绕Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers这本书展开介绍，可推测本文最有可能出自该书的序言。故选A。 29．What are the selected artworks about? A．Wealth and intellect. B．Home and school. C．Books and reading. D．Work and leisure. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段末句及第二段关于不同人物和阅读场景的描述可知，选定的艺术作品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。 30．What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Understand. B．Paint. C．Seize. D．Transform. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文及画线词所在句可推知，艺术作品里的场景可能是在几百年前画的，但这些瞬间我们现在都能感同身受，故A项“理解、认识到”符合题意。故选A。 31．What does the author think of the printed book? (改编) A．It’s out of date. B．It’s expensive. C．It’s unchanged. D．It’s valuable. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。通过文章最后一段中的“but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader”以及“a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private，‘off-line’ activity”可推知，作者认为印刷书籍并没有完全过时，仍然有使用价值。故选D。 语境猜词 ①come into being产生；形成 ②representation＝(派)represent＋ation描述；表现 ③symbolically＝(派)symbol＋ic＋ally象征性地 ④interactive＝(派)inter＋act＋ive交互式的；互相影响的 ⑤in contrast to与……形成对比 以上文章中第28题考查文章出处，第31题考查观点态度，解题技法如下： A (2024·安徽合肥一模) A pair of researchers with Leibniz University Hannover has demonstrated the means by which robots might be programmed to experience something similar to pain in animals.As part of their demonstration at last week’s IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation held in Stockholm，Johannes Kuehn and Sami Haddadin showed how pain might be used in robots，by interacting with a BioTac ①fingertip sensor on the end of a Kuka robotic arm that had been programmed to react differently to differing amounts of pain. The idea of developing an artificial robot nervous system may seem contrary to all expectations，but Kuehn says doing so is important in the same way that it is good for humans to feel pain.“Pain is a system that protects us，” says Kuehn.“When we avoid the source of pain，it helps us not get hurt.” So when robots can feel and react to pain，they will become smart enough to avoid it.The more dangerous the robot registers the threat to be，the faster it will withdraw and avoid the source of danger.Additionally，Kuehn and Haddadin say humans working alongside robots that feel pain，especially those in heavy machinery，will be protected around them. They have tested out some of their ideas using a robotic arm with a fingertip sensor that can detect pressure and temperature.It uses a robot-tissue patch(小片) modeled on human skin to decide how much pain should be felt and thus what action to take.For example，if the arm feels light pain，it slowly withdraws until the pain stops，and then returns to its original task；severe pain，meanwhile，causes the arm to go into a kind of ②lockdown mode until it can get help from a human operator. Such robots are likely to raise ③a host of questions，of course，if they become more common—if a robot acts the same way a human does when touching a hot plate，are we to believe it is truly experiencing pain? Only time will tell of course，but one thing that is evident，Kuehn and Haddadin’s work could lead to robots that are more ④human-like than ever. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以感知疼痛的机器人，解释了教会机器人感知疼痛的意义以及机器人可以根据疼痛程度做出不同的反应。 1．What do we learn about the robots in the demonstration? A．They can learn skills like animals. B．They can communicate with people. C．They have the ability to feel pain. D．They respond differently to requests. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“As part of their demonstration at last week’s IEEE International Conference on Robotics...showed how pain might be used in robots，by interacting with a BioTac fingertip sensor...to react differently to differing amounts of pain.”可知，演示中的机器人有感知疼痛的能力。故选C。 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The significance of teaching robots to feel pain. B．The principle of robots’ avoidance of injuries. C．The analysis of the artificial robot nervous system. D．The value of protecting human workers from injury. 答案　A 解析　段落大意题。根据第二段中“So when robots can feel and react to pain，they will become smart enough to avoid it...Additionally，Kuehn and Haddadin say humans working alongside robots that feel pain，especially those in heavy machinery，will be protected around them.”可知，第二段主要讲的是教会机器人感知疼痛的意义。故选A。 3．What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 3? A．The robot arm is smart enough to carry out different tasks. B．The robot arm can work as well as a human operator. C．The robot arm can react differently based on degrees of pain. D．The robot arm is tolerant of changes of pressure and temperature. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“For example，if the arm feels light pain，it slowly withdraws until the pain stops，and then returns to its original task；severe pain，meanwhile，causes the arm to go into a kind of lockdown mode until it can get help from a human operator.”可知，机械臂可以根据疼痛程度做出不同的反应。故选C。 4．What is the author’s attitude toward Kuehn and Haddadin’s study? A．⑤Dismissive. B．Pessimistic. C．Unclear. D．Optimistic. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Only time will tell of course，but one thing that is evident，Kuehn and Haddadin’s work could lead to robots that are more human-like than ever.”可推知，作者对库恩和哈达丁的研究持乐观态度。故选D。 语境猜词 ①fingertip＝(合)finger＋tip指尖 ②lockdown＝(合)lock＋down锁定 ③a host of 许多，大量 ④human-like＝(合)human＋like似人类的 ⑤dismissive＝(派)dismiss＋ive轻蔑的 B (2024·河北沧州一模) “Moja，mbili，tatu...”One，two，three.Juliana Rubashai is counting aloud to show what she has learned in school.Delighted and proud，she counts to 20，but her mother，Zefrina Nandia，adds that Juliana can keep counting，and that she also can do some reading. Nine-year-old Juliana is one of the children who have received aid through a project run by International Aid Services(IAS)in southwestern Tanzania，where many children stay at home all day，①cut off from social contact and schooling.The project improves school facilities and raises local community’s awareness about education.They train teachers and lobby(游说) the local authorities.In these ways，IAS is struggling to ensure basic education for everyone. Zefrina was contacted last year by project coordinator Fortunatus Rafael，who gets in touch with families to get an ②overview of children’s needs and school options.Zefrina had previously asked the local school to enroll Juliana，but was turned down due to lack of resources.Thanks to the project，the school can offer chances to more children. Part of the project is training teachers in special needs education.Many teachers have received additional training in estimating the degree of a child’s disability.During the first year of the project,270 children with special needs have been evaluated，and of these,200 got the chance to go to school.The teachers Scolastica Nyoni and Bwigane Mwasipu both appreciate how it has strengthened their skills.“When teaching children with special needs，we know whom to pay extra attention to.This means a closer relation between teachers and students，” says Scolastica. It’s a year since Juliana got into the classroom，and her mother notices definite improvement.“She used to be lonely and unhappy.Now，she’s much happier and always wants to go to school，” says Zefrina.The teachers also notice big changes have taken place in the local community.“Parents are now coming to us to find teachers to teach their children with special needs.Previously，they didn’t think that schooling would be possible for these children，” says Bwigane. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国际援助服务IAS在坦桑尼亚西南部开展的一个项目。该项目改善学校设施，提高当地社区的教育意识，培训教师并游说地方当局。通过这些方式，努力确保每个人都能接受基础教育。 5．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The life of a Tanzanian girl named Juliana. B．The challenges faced by Tanzanian children. C．The success story of a school project in Tanzania. D．IAS’s efforts to improve educational access in Tanzania. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要讲述国际援助服务为改善坦桑尼亚的教育机会所作的努力。故选D。 6．What does the underlined word “enroll” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Assess. B．Award. C．Accept. D．Contact. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文内容“...but was turned down due to lack of resources.Thanks to the project，the school can offer chances to more children.”可知，画线词所在句“Zefrina had previously asked the local school to enroll Juliana”中画线词与accept“接收”意思相近，她想要学校接收朱莉安娜，但是学校由于资源缺乏，不能接收更多的孩子。故选C。 7．What do the teachers think of the IAS’s project? A．It helps the teachers know their students better. B．It improves the relationship between the teachers. C．It offers assistance to the teachers with special needs. D．It provides disabled students with a chance to recover. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。根据倒数第二段的“The teachers Scolastica Nyoni and Bwigane Mwasipu both appreciate how it has strengthened their skills.‘When teaching children with special needs...This means a closer relation between teachers and students，’ says Scolastica.”可知，这个项目让老师们可以更好地了解他们的学生。故选A。 8．How does the IAS’s project benefit the community? A．Disadvantaged children receive financial support. B．The overall awareness of education is raised. C．More schools are willing to admit local children. D．Belief in government’s policies is strengthened. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The teachers also notice big changes...‘Previously，they didn’t think that schooling would be possible for these children，’ says Bwigane.”可知，这个项目让当地人的教育意识提高了。故选B。 语境猜词 ①cut off from 与……不接触 ②overview＝(派)over＋view纵览；概况 C (2024·河北二模) For the past decade，one of the most linguistically(语言地) diverse places in the world，square mile after square mile，has been my home：Queens，New York. The soundtrack outside my door is ①extraordinary：On any given block，passing voices speak varieties of Polish，Ukrainian，Egyptian Arabic，Mexican Spanish，Puerto Rican Spanish，Dominican Spanish，and all the forms of New York City English they give rise to. As a person who studies languages，I can usually distinguish them from one another，but understand only a part of what people are saying. Users of Seke，a language from five villages in Nepal with 700 speakers，live a subway ride away.In certain stores，Albanians，Bosnians，Serbs，and Montenegrins all reunite，using the languages of the former Yugoslavia as if the country still existed.No group has a majority，or even 15 percent of the neighborhood，and most are at just 5 or 10 percent.English acts，for the most part，as a vital lingua franca(通用语)．This last point is crucial，because a city can be a haven(避难所) for ②diversity but also an end point. My neighborhood has its signature sound，but there are several dozen others that are just as diverse，each in a different way. These are the places where the Endangered Language Alliance，the ③nonprofit I co-direct，has recorded New Yorkers speaking more than 100 languages that the survey and other data sets say don’t officially exist，and more than 700 in total. That linguistic portrait makes clear that early-21st-century New York City is a last haven for endangered languages—ones that are being hounded out of existence elsewhere.And this deep linguistic diversity is among the least explored but possibly most important factors in New York’s history and make-up.New York’s soul can be found in the existence of these many，many languages，explaining New York’s particular capacity for ④tolerance and its ability to “make room” for others. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者所在的纽约皇后区的语言多样性。英语很大程度上在这里是作为一种重要的通用语。作者还提到，他所领导的非营利组织记录了纽约人使用的100多种未被官方认可的语言，这表明21世纪初的纽约市是濒危语言的最后避难所。这种深度的语言多样性是纽约历史和构成中最少被探索但又可能最重要的因素之一，也解释了纽约容纳和接纳他人的特殊能力。 9．What may be the author’s occupation? A．An economist. B．A historian. C．A linguist. D．A reporter. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段“作为一个研究语言的人，我通常可以区分不同的语言，但只理解人们所说的一部分”可推知，作者可能是一名语言学家。故选C。 10．What can be inferred about the languages in New York City? A．They are close to disappearing. B．They are mainly spoken by villagers. C．English is the most popular language. D．Many of them are not officially recognized. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第六段“在这些地方，我参与领导的非营利组织‘濒危语言联盟’记录了纽约人说的100多种语言，而调查和其他数据集显示，这些语言并不正式存在，总共有700多种”可知，很多语言在纽约市并没有被官方认可。故选D。 11．What does the underlined word “hounded” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Protected. B．Threatened. C．Respected. D．Accepted. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“early-21st-century New York City is a last haven for endangered languages”可知，21世纪初的纽约市是濒危语言的最后避难所，所以“ones that are being hounded out of existence elsewhere”说明这些濒危语言在其他地方正被驱逐出存在的空间，也就是受到威胁的意思。故选B。 12．From which book might the text have been taken? A．Language City. B．The Development of Languages. C．Endangered Languages in New York. D．The Importance of Language Diversity. 答案　A 解析　文章出处题。根据第一段“在过去的十年里，世界上语言最多样化的地方之一一直是我的家，一平方英里连着一平方英里：纽约皇后区”并结合文章主要介绍了作者所在的纽约皇后区的语言多样性可知，文章最可能来自《语言城市》这本书。故选A。 语境猜词 ①extraordinary＝(派)extra＋ordinary异乎寻常的 ②diversity＝(派)divers(e)＋ity多样性，多样化 ③nonprofit＝(派)non＋profit非营利的 ④tolerance＝(派)toler(ate)＋ance 忍受，容忍 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$