精品解析：上海市控江中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期中联考英语试题

2024-2025学年控江中学第二学期阶段练习 高二 英语试卷 考试时间：105分钟 笔试满分：115分 2025.4 Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, us one word that best fits each blank. The Afterlife of Data Franz Kafka died 100 years ago. He had instructed his friend Max Brod ___1___ (burn) his unpublished works. Fortunately for generations of readers, Brod didn’t; he believed Kafka to be among ___2___ (great) writers of his time and instead edited and published his late friend’s writing. In other words, Brod decided that Kafka’s stories belonged not to the late author, but to the public. Brod’s situation echoes today. People live online and generate far more data than they did just a decade ago. Everyone leaves digital traces behind ___3___ they die, either deliberately, in the form of social-media posts, or incidentally, with web searches, location data, or banking records. The digital era ___4___ (reshape) humans’ relationship with the dead. Anyone ___5___ social media account has reminded them to say “happy birthday” to a dead relative can agree. That sort of reminder would probably never have happened before social media, ___6___ everyone who knew that person’s birthday also would have known that he was dead. Such reminders are likely to grow more common: recent research has found that, on Facebook, the dead ___7___ outnumber the living within 40 years. Technology enables a continued relationship with the dead. In 2022, Amazon announced that it was developing a feature so its virtual assistant, Alexa, could be programmed to speak in the voice of a dead relative using ___8___ (record) data. It even made a video in which a boy asks Alexa to read him “The Wizard of Oz” in his late grandmother’s voice. But the advancement of technology brings with it the question: ___9___ whom do the dead’s data belong? This is not merely a question for individuals wondering ____10____ to do with their loved ones’ digital remains. It’s a question for society at large. After all, historians often study the diaries of the dead. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. explosion B. run C. evenly  D. reaches E. cutting-edge F. typically G matter H. puts I. boosts J. remarks K. unremarkable Are the super shoes used in Olympic races twisting results? The build-up to every modern Olympic Games is filled with stories about athletics tracks and swimming pools carefully designed for setting records. But any performance ___11___ these give are shared by all competitors. Then came the arrival of the first super shoes in 2016, which accelerated road-running events like the marathon. The launch of their “super spikes (钉鞋)” cousin a few years later is now having a similar effect on the longest races ___12___ inside the stadium. At first glance, this ___13___ in the use of super shoes appears to have sent times falling across the board, with performances once considered the mark of all-time greatness rapidly becoming ___14___. But the advances in shoe technology have one crucial difference to the other technological changes that have modernized sports over the years. The benefits are not ___15___ distributed among competitors － even for those wearing the same shoes. With super shoes, some runners get huge boosts while others find the ___16___ footwear knocks them off their stride (步伐). Study after study has found that difference between “hyper-responders” － those whose physiology or running style combines with the shoes to maximum benefit － and “non-responders” ___17___ several percentage points. In races that are ___18___ decided by much less than half a percentage point, that can be the difference between gold medal and loser. This variation in the advantage given by the shoes is similar to a new Formula One racing car that is able to help left-handed people drive faster while slowing down right-handed drivers. As sports scientist Ross Tucker ___19___ it, it’s not only possible but likely that if you took two outstanding athletes each wearing a different pair of advanced shoes, and changed their shoes, you would get a different race result. Athletic ability is already determined in part by differences in physiology and biomechanics. The question is whether we’re now OK with differences that did not previously ___20___ suddenly becoming crucial as a result of new technology. Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Pickleball was invented in 1965 and became an instant hit with its unique combination of badminton, tennis, and table-tennis. Some consider it a(n) ____21____ version of tennis－it requires less power and less running. However, there has been a turf war (争夺战) between traditional tennis players and the rapidly growing pickleball community. Some tennis players accuse pickleballers of taking up courts. The source of the ____22____ is a familiar one to economists: the distribution of a limited resource. Pickleball has gained widespread popularity since the covid-19 pandemic, especially among those over the age of 55. ____23____ special courts, many pickleballers started using public tennis courts. Basic economics teaches students about substitute and complementary (互补的) goods. Substitutes are goods that can be ____24____ by one another－think Coca-Cola and Pepsi. Rising demand for one will lead to falling demand for the other. Complements are the ____25____. Rising demand for one stimulates demand for the other － think cars and petrol. It is ____26____ to see why the two sports appear to be substitutes. Public-court space is ____27____ and private clubs can be expensive. As pickleball has added more than 9 million players since 2020, the number of tennis players has also ____28____, but growth in courts has not kept pace. In the long run, however, the impact of pickleball on tennis is not necessarily ____29____. There is even an argument that the two sports may end up complementary. First, what is really apparent is a rise in demand for facilities in which both sports can be played, and local authorities have never been keener on the provision of public courts. If ____30____ keeps up, it will result in suitable spaces for both sports. ____31____, the act of playing either sport is probably a complement to the other. Tennis is both hard to learn and athletically challenging. Pickleball is less ____32____ for children and the elderly to pick up. Consequently, it could easily become an entry point to more ____33____ sports － one that encourages children to progress to tennis ____34____ they have a little more muscle. And this process might later work ____35____. Lifelong tennis players, who find the sport too demanding as they age, might enjoy switching to pickleball. 21. A. simpler B. popular C. final D. unique 22. A. interaction B. combination C. conflict D. invention 23. A. In the face of B. In the absence of C. In the company of D. In the name of 24. A. advertised B. exchanged C. sold D. replaced 25. A. opposite B. alternative C. equivalent D. relative 26. A. strange B. easy C. interesting D. possible 27. A. free B. available C. limited D. rented 28. A. changed B. increased C. switched D. stabilized 29. A. general B. changeable C. negative D. complementary 30. A. provision B. demand C. argument D. expense 31. A. However B. Therefore C. In addition D. In short 32. A. worthwhile B. argumentative C. recommended D. demanding 33. A. challenging B. professional C. interesting D. beneficial 34. A. in case B. once C. unless D. because 35. A. on the contrary B. in exchange C. in reward D. on the other hand Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B.C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) In the summer of 2015, Brian Peterson and his wife, had just moved to Santa Ana. Outside their apartment, an untidy homeless man was often yelling on the street corner, sometimes keeping them awake at night. Peterson would pass the guy on his way to his job as a car designer at Kia Motors, but they never spoke. What could they possibly have in common? One day, Peterson was relaxing in his living room, reading the book Love Does, about the power of love in action, when his quiet was disturbed by the homeless man. Inspired by the book’s warm message, Peterson made an unexpected decision: He was going to go outside and introduce himself. In that first conversation, Peterson learned that the man’s name was Matt Faris. He’d moved to here to pursue a career in music, but he soon fell on hard times and ended up living on the street for more than a decade. “It was the oddest thing to me,” Peterson recalled later, “I saw beauty on the face of a man who hadn’t shaved in probably a year. But his story inspired me.” Even though Peterson hadn’t picked up a paintbrush in about eight years, he found himself asking if he could paint Faris’s portrait. Faris said yes. Peterson’s connection with Faris led him to form Faces of Santa Ana, a nonprofit organization focused on befriending and painting portraits of members of the community who are unhoused. Working from a black-and-white photo of the subject taken with his phone, Peterson chooses colors inspired by the subject’s personality and life story, creating a distressing portrait. Peterson sells the vibrant (充满活力的) painting for a few thousand dollars, splitting the proceeds and putting half into what he calls a “love account” for his model. He then helps people use the money to get back on their feet. Faris used the funds from his portrait to record an album, fulfilling his musical dreams. Peterson has painted 41 of these portraits, but there’s more to the finished products than the money they bring to someone who’s down and out. “People often tell me, ‘I was the one that would cross the street. But I see homeless people differently now,’ ” Peterson says. “I didn’t know that would happen.” 36. What motivated Brian Peterson to go outside to meet Faris? A. An inspiration from the book he was reading. B. A goal to use his talent to make a homeless man’s life. C. A duty to address the homelessness crisis in his community. D. An aim to challenge social norms and improve his own personal life. 37. What did Matt Faris use the funds from his portrait for? A. To start a small business. B. To pay for his medical expenses. C. To make friends with the homeless. D. To make his musical dreams come true. 38. What does the underlined phrase “down and out” mean in the last paragraph? A. stranded in community. B. reduced to poverty. C. rewarded with portrait painting. D. aimed at realizing dreams. 39. Which of the following is the best title of this text? A. Art with Function: Love Account Matters B. Purpose in Paintings: Help Knows No Race C. Power of sympathy: Painting a New View D. Encounter with Strangers: Hugging New Friends (B) Walking Hawai’i’s History Footpaths and trails, first protected by Hawaiian royalty in 1892, have grown into a network of 500 miles across six islands. Where To Hike Hawaiian Heritage Trails Alaka’i Swamp Trail, Kaua’i Sprawling over 4,345 acres in West Kaua’i, Köke’e State Park has roughly 45 miles of hiking trails. Most notable is the 7-mile (round-trip) Alaka’i Swamp Trail, which follows the edge of Kalalau Valley into a rare mountainous environment some 4,000 feet above sea level. Along the way are native plants and trees, home to peculiar birds including the ’elepaio (monarch flycatcher) and ’ani-aniau, a Hawaiian honeycreeper (蜜旋木雀) only found here. Hawai’i’s Queen Emma visited the swamp on horseback in 1870. The setting so entranced her that she had her hundred dancers and musicians who traveled with her perform here before continuing on. Moanalua Valley, O’ahu This hike can be as short or as long as you want, from an easy hour-long stroll along an old valley road to a grueling (稀薄的) 11-mile walk to the summit of the Ko’olau Mountains. The first part follows a stream and has interpretive markers. The road continues to a sacred rock covered with paintings. Hoapili Trail, Maui Part of this 12.5-mile trail follows an old footpath from Keone’o’io Bay. Along the way you pass a native wiliwili(Hawaiian coral tree) and the last lava flow from Haleakala volcano. Hana-Wai’anapanapa Coast Trail, Maui The 4.6-mile round-trip hike follows an ancient trail along the Hana coastline in eastern Maui and is composed of rough lava (熔岩). It’s not as popular as nearby Pipiwai Trail, but it takes in sea arches, tide pools, a blowhole, and a religious site — before ending at rocky Ka’inalimu Bay. Pololu Trail, Hawai’i This 1.2-mile out-and-back path takes hikers from the lookout down into the Pololu Valley, an elevation change of 878 feet over the course of the trail length. King Kamehameha Ӏ was born nearby in North Kohala. 40. If the tourist is interested in plants and bird watching, which trail is most suitable for him? A. Hana-Wai’anapanapa Coast Trail, Maui. B. Alakai Swamp Trail, Kaua’i. C. Moanalua Valley, O’ahu. D. Hoapili Trail, Maui. 41. Which trail is described as less popular but offers views of natural arches, tide pools, and a blowhole? A. Hoapili Trail. B. Moanalua Valley. C. Alaka’i Swamp Trail. D. Hana-Wai’anapanapa Coast Trail. 42. Which of the following statement is TRUE? A. Hawaii is made up of 5 trails. B. Hoapili Trail is the longest one among the 5 trails. C. Hawai’i’s Queen Emma visited Moanalua Valley in 1870. D. Visitors can overlook the Moanalua Valley on the Pololu Trail. (C) Tipping in America Over the past few years, tipping has gotten complicated. The rise of touchscreens presents an opportunity to tip 18, 20, or 22 percent for everything from a cup of coffee to a candy bar. Yet all this tip increase flies in the face of the media narratives that celebrated restaurateurs were leading the way to abolish(废除) the practice. Tipping has its roots in vails(赏钱), small gifts in form of money given by English noblemen to their servants in the late Middle Ages. These started out as a means of rewarding extra work, or helping out in hard times. By the 18th century, servants at country houses and inns expected these gifts from guests, and sources at the time complained of the cost. After World War II, tipping waned in the United Kingdom and across Europe as restaurants substituted service charges for tips. But the war posed no threat to the practice in America, making the country that had imported tipping its main supporter. Since the 1950s, economists and psychologists have been arguing over tipping’s role in American society. Some theorize that people enjoy the feeling of importance; others suggest that people tip out of fear of social disapproval. W. Michael Lynn, a social psychologist who has studied tipping throughout his career, argues in his research that it might have begun as a means for some people to buy special treatment－then, when tipping became common, it instead put non-tippers at a disadvantage, creating an unbreakable cycle. One or two prominent restaurateurs occasionally make headlines by abolishing the practice, but the tip-free movement never spreads. Lynn, a professor of consumer behavior at Cornell, says that it’s difficult because consumers like the alternatives to tipping less. “For restaurants to get rid of tipping, the two options they have are to either replace it with service charges, which everyone hates, or raise menu prices, which most restaurants have difficulty doing since competitors continue to have lower menu prices, and doing so collectively would be price fixing.” What is known is how much tipping doesn’t do. Research has found that tips are not used to reward good service, or punish bad service. People tip even if they don’t expect to ever return to a restaurant, and the only determinant of the size of the tip is the size of the bill－people tend to tip smaller percentages on bigger checks. Racism and sexism influences how much people tip too. 43. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Tipping began as money gifts given by English nobles to servants in the late Middle Ages. B. After World War II, tipping disappeared completely in the United Kingdom and across Europe. C The tip-free movement has successfully spread widely in the restaurant industry. D. Consumers generally prefer the alternatives to tipping, such as service charges or higher menu prices. 44. According to economists and psychologists, Americans tip possibly because ____________. A. they tend to care about important social matters B. they prefer to treat other people in a special way C. they want to be recognized by the community D. they intend to get rid of an unbreakable cycle 45. What can be inferred about the current situation of tipping in America? A. Media reports on tipping are not always credible. B. Consumers are unwilling to tip as much as before. C. People tip to build a connection with the receiver. D. Waiters of color might be tipped less by customers. 46. What is the author’s attitude towards tipping? A favorable B. critical C. neutral D. biased Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Positive Feedback In an attempt to inject some positivity into their feedback, many managers rely on sandwiching negative feedback between two positive comments. However, when feedback becomes such a routine, employees can start to perceive positive feedback as simply a form of masking the negatives, thus decreasing its value. ____47____. Below are three tips to help you make positive feedback count. Don’t always follow positive feedback with negative feedback. ____48____. Ensure there are times when positive feedback is given for its own sake and resist the temptation to offer constructive criticism. Cultivate a “growth mindset”. Psychologist and “growth mindset” supporter Carol Dweck spoke of the plasticity of the brain and our ability to develop skills and talents that we might not have been good at to start with. ____49____. “You really have an eye for details”, for example. However, research suggests that by focusing on the process of how things are done — praising effort, experimentation and problem-solving strategies — we can encourage the development of new skills and the continued development of talents. Create a culture of offering positive feedback. Make giving positive feedback part of your team/department/company culture. Don’t just wait for special moments like evaluations to give feedback. Offer informal positive feedback when making small talk or when walking down a corridor. Feedback doesn’t have to only come from the higher ranks either. Encourage peer feedback among team members and colleagues and actively ask them for positive comments on each other’s performances on tasks. It might take time to counter the effects of an environment where there is a doubtful view of positive feedback. ____50____. A. Many of us tend to focus our praise on the end result and seemingly inborn talents. B. Instead, positive feedback should not just soften negatives but enhance performance. C. When positive and negative feedback always appear to go hand in hand, the positives can become devalued and ignored. D. Enhance the productivity and efficiency by implementing strategies aimed at improving the performance of your employees. E. Therefore, it matters that you should promote the exchange of feedback between peers and actively seek out their positive remarks when doing tasks. F. But in the long run by hugging positive feedback, you can not only enhance working performance but also enrich the quality of life in the workplace. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Role of the Anesthesiologist (麻醉医生) If you’re preparing for surgery, you’ve probably given a lot of thought to the education, training, and experience of the surgeon performing the procedure. But you may not have thought much about the anesthesiologist or the importance of his or her medical expertise in your procedure — before, during, and after — to keep you safe and comfortable. Actually, anesthesiologists guide you throughout your entire surgical experience. Before surgery, in the days or weeks before your surgery, your anesthesiologist will be sure you are fit for surgery and prepare you for the procedure by asking detailed questions about your health, and examining you. Be sure to let your anesthesiologist know about any medical problems you have, such as heart disease, diabetes, or asthma, and what medications you are taking. Eventually, your anesthesiologist will create an anesthesia plan developed specifically for you to ensure a safe and successful procedure. During the surgery, the anesthesiologist closely monitors your anesthesia and vital body functions during the procedure, working alone or with an Anesthesia Care Team. Your anesthesiologist will instantly manage medical problems if they occur during surgery. After surgery, in the recovery room, the anesthesiologist supervises others who will care for you and monitor your recovery — your breathing, circulation, consciousness, and level of oxygen — and is immediately available if there are questions or concerns. In addition, the anesthesiologist typically is one of those who decide when you are ready to go home, or when you should be moved to a regular room in the hospital or the intensive care unit. The anesthesiologist may even be involved in pain management after you go home because they specialize in pain control, and some focus their practices on treating patients with chronic pain. If you suffer from pain that won’t go away, such as migraine headaches, back pain, or pain caused by a condition such as fibromyalgia, ask your doctor about a referral to an anesthesiologist who specializes in treating chronic pain. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅳ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 依我看来，争论上海房价是否会持续攀升，这是一件毫无意义事情。(point) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 53. 重要的是要保护我们的文化遗产，以便后代能够欣赏和传承。(preserve) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 54. 无论是在科学领域还是艺术领域，除了对所选领域的热情和奉献以外，成功还取决于你的坚持不懈。(whether) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 55. 人们普遍认为，科技的发展让我们的生活更加便利，但同时也带来了如隐私问题这样的挑战。(It) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ Ⅴ. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是明启中学高三学生李华，最近你所在学校要接待一些外籍学生来校进行为期两天的中西方文化交流活动，现在向全校师生征集活动策划案。请给学生会写一封邮件表达你的想法。你的邮件须包括以下内容： 1.介绍具体活动方案； 2.说明理由。 注：文中可以出现真实地名，但不得提及真实姓名或学校。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2024-2025学年控江中学第二学期阶段练习 高二 英语试卷 考试时间：105分钟 笔试满分：115分 2025.4 Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, us one word that best fits each blank. The Afterlife of Data Franz Kafka died 100 years ago. He had instructed his friend Max Brod ___1___ (burn) his unpublished works. Fortunately for generations of readers, Brod didn’t; he believed Kafka to be among ___2___ (great) writers of his time and instead edited and published his late friend’s writing. In other words, Brod decided that Kafka’s stories belonged not to the late author, but to the public. Brod’s situation echoes today. People live online and generate far more data than they did just a decade ago. Everyone leaves digital traces behind ___3___ they die, either deliberately, in the form of social-media posts, or incidentally, with web searches, location data, or banking records. The digital era ___4___ (reshape) humans’ relationship with the dead. Anyone ___5___ social media account has reminded them to say “happy birthday” to a dead relative can agree. That sort of reminder would probably never have happened before social media, ___6___ everyone who knew that person’s birthday also would have known that he was dead. Such reminders are likely to grow more common: recent research has found that, on Facebook, the dead ___7___ outnumber the living within 40 years. Technology enables a continued relationship with the dead. In 2022, Amazon announced that it was developing a feature so its virtual assistant, Alexa, could be programmed to speak in the voice of a dead relative using ___8___ (record) data. It even made a video in which a boy asks Alexa to read him “The Wizard of Oz” in his late grandmother’s voice. But the advancement of technology brings with it the question: ___9___ whom do the dead’s data belong? This is not merely a question for individuals wondering ____10____ to do with their loved ones’ digital remains. It’s a question for society at large. After all, historians often study the diaries of the dead. 【答案】1. to burn 2. the greatest 3. when##after 4. has reshaped 5. whose 6. because##as##since##for 7. may##might 8. recorded 9. to 10. what 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了卡夫卡去世百年，其友人未遵嘱烧遗作。数字时代人留数字痕迹，引发死者数据归属的社会思考。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他曾指示他的朋友马克斯·布罗德烧掉他未发表的作品。短语instruct sb. to do sth.表示“指示某人做某事”。故填to burn。 【2题详解】 考查最高级。句意：幸运的是，对几代读者来说，布罗德没有；他相信卡夫卡是他那个时代最伟大的作家之一，于是他编辑并出版了这位已故朋友的作品。根据后文of his time以及句意“最伟大的”可知为最高级，前面加the，故填the greatest。 【3题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：每个人死后都会留下数字痕迹，要么是故意以社交媒体帖子的形式留下，要么是偶然地留下网络搜索、位置数据或银行记录。引导时间状语从句，可理解为“当……时候”用when；或“在……之后”用after。故填when/after。 【4题详解】 考查时态。句意：数字时代重塑了人类与死者的关系。表示过去的动作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时，主语为era，助动词用has。故填has reshaped。 5题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：任何一个在社交媒体账户上提醒自己要向死去的亲人说“生日快乐”的人都可以同意。定语从句修饰先行词anyone，在从句作定语，用whose。故填whose。 【6题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：在社交媒体出现之前，这种提醒可能永远不会发生，因为每个知道那个人生日的人也会知道他已经死了。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”可用because/as/since/for。故填because/as/since/for。 【7题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：这样的提醒可能会变得越来越普遍：最近的研究发现，在Facebook上，40年内死去的人可能会超过活着的人。后跟动词原形，表示“可能”用情态动词may/might。故填may/might。 【8题详解】 考查形容词。句意：2022年，亚马逊宣布它正在开发一项功能，这样它的虚拟助手Alexa就可以通过编程，使用记录的数据以已故亲属的声音说话。修饰名词data用形容词recorded。故填recorded。 【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：但随着技术的进步，随之而来的问题是：死者的数据属于谁？此处为短语belong to表示“属于”，用介词to。故填to。 【10题详解】 考查疑问词。句意：但随着技术的进步，随之而来的问题是：死者的数据属于谁？这不仅仅是一个个人想知道如何处理他们所爱的人的数字遗骸的问题。此处为疑问词+不定式结构，表示“做什么”用what。故填what。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. explosion B. run C. evenly  D. reaches E. cutting-edge F. typically G. matter H. puts I. boosts J. remarks K. unremarkable Are the super shoes used in Olympic races twisting results? The build-up to every modern Olympic Games is filled with stories about athletics tracks and swimming pools carefully designed for setting records. But any performance ___11___ these give are shared by all competitors. Then came the arrival of the first super shoes in 2016, which accelerated road-running events like the marathon. The launch of their “super spikes (钉鞋)” cousin a few years later is now having a similar effect on the longest races ___12___ inside the stadium. At first glance, this ___13___ in the use of super shoes appears to have sent times falling across the board, with performances once considered the mark of all-time greatness rapidly becoming ___14___. But the advances in shoe technology have one crucial difference to the other technological changes that have modernized sports over the years. The benefits are not ___15___ distributed among competitors － even for those wearing the same shoes. With super shoes, some runners get huge boosts while others find the ___16___ footwear knocks them off their stride (步伐). Study after study has found that difference between “hyper-responders” － those whose physiology or running style combines with the shoes to maximum benefit － and “non-responders” ___17___ several percentage points. In races that are ___18___ decided by much less than half a percentage point, that can be the difference between gold medal and loser. This variation in the advantage given by the shoes is similar to a new Formula One racing car that is able to help left-handed people drive faster while slowing down right-handed drivers. As sports scientist Ross Tucker ___19___ it, it’s not only possible but likely that if you took two outstanding athletes each wearing a different pair of advanced shoes, and changed their shoes, you would get a different race result. Athletic ability is already determined in part by differences in physiology and biomechanics. The question is whether we’re now OK with differences that did not previously ___20___ suddenly becoming crucial as a result of new technology. 【答案】11. I 12. B 13. A 14. K 15. C 16. E 17. D 18. F 19. H 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了超级跑鞋对奥运比赛成绩的影响及其争议。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：但这些所带来的任何性能提升都是由所有参赛者共享的。根据上文“athletics tracks and swimming pools carefully designed for setting records”可知，这些精心设计的跑道和泳池是为了创造记录，会给运动员带来成绩上的提升，所以此处表示任何性能提升都是所有参赛者共享的。本空作主语，用名词boost“提升”，表示多种、多方面的性能提升用复数形式，符合语境。故选I。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：几年后推出的“超级钉鞋”现在对体育场内最长的比赛产生了类似的影响。空处作后置定语，根据“The launch of their “super spikes (钉鞋)” cousin a few years later is now having a similar effect on the longest races”可知，空处应用run“进行（比赛）”，与races为被动关系，用过去分词。故选B。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：乍一看，超级鞋使用的这种激增似乎让比赛成绩全面下降，曾经被认为是历史上最伟大的成绩很快就变得平凡了。空处作主语，根据前文“Then came the arrival of the first super shoes in 2016, which accelerated road-running events like the marathon.”和后文“in the use of super shoes appears to have sent times falling across the board”可知，应用名词explosion“激增”，表示使用量的突然增加。故选A。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意同上。空处作表语，根据“performances once considered the mark of all-time greatness rapidly becoming”可知，此处指曾经伟大的成绩现在变得平淡无奇，本空作表语，用形容词unremarkable“平凡的，不引人注目的”，符合语境。故选K。 【15题详解】 考查副词。句意：好处并没有在竞争者之间平均分配——即使是那些穿着同样鞋子的人。根据“distributed among competitors”可知，此处指好处没有平均分配，本空修饰动词distributed，作状语，用副词evenly“平均地”，符合语境。故选C。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：有了超级跑鞋，一些跑步者得到了巨大的提升，而另一些跑步者则发现这种最先进的鞋子打乱了他们的步伐。本空修饰名词footwear，作定语，用形容词cutting-edge“最先进的”，符合语境。故选E。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：一项又一项研究发现，“超反应者”（那些生理或跑步风格与鞋子结合以获得最大益处的人）和“无反应者”之间的差异达到几个百分点。本空为that引导的宾语从句的谓语，根据“several percentage points”可知，此处指差异达到几个百分点，reach“达到”符合语境，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为difference，谓语用第三人称单数形式reaches。故选D。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：在通常以不到半个百分点的差距决定的比赛中，这可能是金牌和失败者之间的区别。根据“decided by much less than half a percentage point”可知，此处指通常以不到半个百分点的差距决定的比赛，本空修饰decided，作状语，用副词typically“通常”，符合语境。故选F。 19题详解】 考查动词。句意：正如体育科学家罗斯·塔克所说，如果你让两名优秀的运动员各穿一双不同的先进跑鞋，然后换鞋，你很可能会得到不同的比赛结果，这不仅是可能的，而且是可能的。此处为从句的谓语，根据“it’s not only possible but likely that if you took two outstanding athletes each wearing a different pair of advanced shoes, and changed their shoes, you would get a different race result”可知，此处是体育科学家罗斯·塔克说的话，as sb put it“正如某人所说”符合语境，主语Ross Tucker为第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故选H。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：问题在于，我们是否现在可以接受由于新技术而使以前无关紧要的差异突然变得至关重要。根据“suddenly becoming crucial as a result of new technology”可知，此处指以前无关紧要的差异，matter“有关系，要紧”符合语境，did not后接动词原形。故选G。 Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Pickleball was invented in 1965 and became an instant hit with its unique combination of badminton, tennis, and table-tennis. Some consider it a(n) ____21____ version of tennis－it requires less power and less running. However, there has been a turf war (争夺战) between traditional tennis players and the rapidly growing pickleball community. Some tennis players accuse pickleballers of taking up courts. The source of the ____22____ is a familiar one to economists: the distribution of a limited resource. Pickleball has gained widespread popularity since the covid-19 pandemic, especially among those over the age of 55. ____23____ special courts, many pickleballers started using public tennis courts. Basic economics teaches students about substitute and complementary (互补的) goods. Substitutes are goods that can be ____24____ by one another－think Coca-Cola and Pepsi. Rising demand for one will lead to falling demand for the other. Complements are the ____25____. Rising demand for one stimulates demand for the other － think cars and petrol. It is ____26____ to see why the two sports appear to be substitutes. Public-court space is ____27____ and private clubs can be expensive. As pickleball has added more than 9 million players since 2020, the number of tennis players has also ____28____, but growth in courts has not kept pace. In the long run, however, the impact of pickleball on tennis is not necessarily ____29____. There is even an argument that the two sports may end up complementary. First, what is really apparent is a rise in demand for facilities in which both sports can be played, and local authorities have never been keener on the provision of public courts. If ____30____ keeps up, it will result in suitable spaces for both sports. ____31____, the act of playing either sport is probably a complement to the other. Tennis is both hard to learn and athletically challenging. Pickleball is less ____32____ for children and the elderly to pick up. Consequently, it could easily become an entry point to more ____33____ sports － one that encourages children to progress to tennis ____34____ they have a little more muscle. And this process might later work ____35____. Lifelong tennis players, who find the sport too demanding as they age, might enjoy switching to pickleball. 21. A. simpler B. popular C. final D. unique 22. A. interaction B. combination C. conflict D. invention 23. A. In the face of B. In the absence of C. In the company of D. In the name of 24. A. advertised B. exchanged C. sold D. replaced 25. A. opposite B. alternative C. equivalent D. relative 26. A. strange B. easy C. interesting D. possible 27. A. free B. available C. limited D. rented 28. A. changed B. increased C. switched D. stabilized 29. A. general B. changeable C. negative D. complementary 30. A. provision B. demand C. argument D. expense 31. A. However B. Therefore C. In addition D. In short 32. A. worthwhile B. argumentative C. recommended D. demanding 33. A. challenging B. professional C. interesting D. beneficial 34. A. in case B. once C. unless D. because 35. A. on the contrary B. in exchange C. in reward D. on the other hand 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了匹克球对网球运动的影响及两者间的潜在互补关系。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些人认为它是网球的简化版——它需要的力量和跑动更少。A. simpler更简单的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. final最终的；D. unique独特的。根据后文“it requires less power and less running”可知，匹克球相对网球来说更简单，不需要太多力量和跑动，所以是网球的简化版。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这场冲突的根源是经济学家们熟悉的一个问题：有限资源的分配。A. interaction互动；B. combination结合；C. conflict冲突；D. invention发明。根据前文“However, there has been a turf war (争夺战) between traditional tennis players and the rapidly growing pickleball community. Some tennis players accuse pickleballers of taking up courts.”可知，网球玩家和匹克球玩家之间存在冲突，这里说的是冲突的根源。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：在没有专门场地的情况下，许多匹克球运动员开始使用公共网球场。A. In the face of面对；B. In the absence of缺乏；C. In the company of陪伴；D. In the name of以……的名义。根据后文“many pickleballers started using public tennis courts”可知，匹克球运动员会去使用公共网球场，可以推断出缺乏专门的匹克球场。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：替代品是指可以相互替代的商品——想想可口可乐和百事可乐。A. advertised广告；B. exchanged交换；C. sold出售；D. replaced替代。根据后文“think Coca-Cola and Pepsi. Rising demand for one will lead to falling demand for the other”可知，一种商品需求上升会导致另一种商品需求下降，说明两者是替代品，可以相互替代。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：互补品则相反。A. opposite相反；B. alternative选择；C. equivalent等价物；D. relative亲戚。根据前文“think Coca-Cola and Pepsi. Rising demand for one will lead to falling demand for the other”和后文“Rising demand for one stimulates demand for the other”可知，一种商品需求上升会刺激另一种商品需求上升，这与替代品相反。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很容易理解为什么这两项运动似乎是替代品。A. strange奇怪的；B. easy容易的；C. interesting有趣的；D. possible可能的。根据后文“to see why the two sports appear to be substitutes. Public-court space is ____ and private clubs can be expensive. As pickleball has added more than 9 million players since 2020, the number of tennis players has also ____ , but growth in courts has not kept pace.”可知，公共球场空间有限且私人俱乐部费用昂贵，自2020年以来，匹克球增加了900多万名球员，网球运动员的数量也有所增加，但球场的增长速度却没有跟上，所以很容易理解为什么匹克球和网球似乎是替代品。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：公共球场空间有限，私人俱乐部可能很昂贵。A. free免费的；B. available可获得的；C. limited有限的；D. rented租用的。根据前文“the distribution of a limited resource”和“Public-court space is”可知，前文提到有限资源的分配问题，可知公共球场空间是有限的。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：自2020年以来，匹克球增加了900多万名球员，网球运动员的数量也有所增加，但球场的增长速度却没有跟上。A. changed改变；B. increased增加；C. switched转换；D. stabilized稳定。根据前文“As pickleball has added more than 9 million players since 2020, the number of tennis players has also”可知，匹克球增加了900多万名球员，网球运动员的数量也有所增加。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，从长远来看，匹克球对网球的影响不一定是消极的。A. general一般的；B. changeable可变的；C. negative消极的；D. complementary互补的。根据后文“There is even an argument that the two sports may end up complementary.”可知，有人认为这两项运动最终可能是互补的，所以匹克球对网球的影响不一定是消极的。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果供应跟上，这将为两项运动提供合适的空间。A. provision提供，供应；B. demand需求；C. argument争论；D. expense费用。根据前文“local authorities have never been keener on the provision of public courts”和后文“keeps up, it will result in suitable spaces for both sports”可知，地方当局对提供公共球场很热心，这里说的是如果球场的供应能跟上需求，就会有适合两项运动的空间。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，进行这两项运动中的任何一项可能都是对另一项的补充。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. In addition此外；D. In short简而言之。根据后文“the act of playing either sport is probably a complement to the other”可知，此处是在进一步说明匹克球和网球之间的关系，即进行这两项运动中的任何一项可能都是对另一项的补充，所以用In addition表示“此外”。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：匹克球对儿童和老年人来说不那么苛刻。A. worthwhile值得的；B. argumentative好争论的；C. recommended推荐的；D. demanding要求高的，要求苛刻的。根据前文“Tennis is both hard to learn and athletically challenging. Pickleball is less”可知，网球既难学又对运动能力有挑战，而匹克球则相对容易上手，对儿童和老年人来说要求不那么高。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，它很容易成为更具挑战性运动的入门点——鼓励孩子们在肌肉更发达一些后转向网球。A. challenging有挑战性的；B. professional专业的；C. interesting有趣的；D. beneficial有益的。根据前文“Tennis is both hard to learn and athletically challenging. Pickleball is less ____ for children and the elderly to pick up.”和后文“one that encourages children to progress to tennis”可知，网球有挑战性，而匹克球相对容易，所以说匹克球可以成为进入更具挑战性运动的切入点。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：因此，它很容易成为更具挑战性运动的入门点——鼓励孩子们在肌肉更发达一些后转向网球。A. in case万一；B. once一旦；C. unless除非；D. because因为。根据前文“encourages children to progress to tennis”和后文“they have a little more muscle”可知，这里表示一旦孩子身体条件允许，就可以从匹克球转向网球。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个过程以后可能会反过来。A. on the contrary相反；B. in exchange作为交换；C. in reward作为报答；D. on the other hand另一方面。根据后文“Lifelong tennis players, who find the sport too demanding as they age, might enjoy switching to pickleball.”可知，终身打网球的运动员在年老时可能会觉得这项运动要求太高，转而喜欢打匹克球，这与前文孩子们从匹克球转向网球的过程相反。故选A。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B.C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) In the summer of 2015 Brian Peterson and his wife, had just moved to Santa Ana. Outside their apartment, an untidy homeless man was often yelling on the street corner, sometimes keeping them awake at night. Peterson would pass the guy on his way to his job as a car designer at Kia Motors, but they never spoke. What could they possibly have in common? One day, Peterson was relaxing in his living room, reading the book Love Does, about the power of love in action, when his quiet was disturbed by the homeless man. Inspired by the book’s warm message, Peterson made an unexpected decision: He was going to go outside and introduce himself. In that first conversation, Peterson learned that the man’s name was Matt Faris. He’d moved to here to pursue a career in music, but he soon fell on hard times and ended up living on the street for more than a decade. “It was the oddest thing to me,” Peterson recalled later, “I saw beauty on the face of a man who hadn’t shaved in probably a year. But his story inspired me.” Even though Peterson hadn’t picked up a paintbrush in about eight years, he found himself asking if he could paint Faris’s portrait. Faris said yes. Peterson’s connection with Faris led him to form Faces of Santa Ana, a nonprofit organization focused on befriending and painting portraits of members of the community who are unhoused. Working from a black-and-white photo of the subject taken with his phone, Peterson chooses colors inspired by the subject’s personality and life story, creating a distressing portrait. Peterson sells the vibrant (充满活力的) painting for a few thousand dollars, splitting the proceeds and putting half into what he calls a “love account” for his model. He then helps people use the money to get back on their feet. Faris used the funds from his portrait to record an album, fulfilling his musical dreams. Peterson has painted 41 of these portraits, but there’s more to the finished products than the money they bring to someone who’s down and out. “People often tell me, ‘I was the one that would cross the street. But I see homeless people differently now,’ ” Peterson says. “I didn’t know that would happen.” 36. What motivated Brian Peterson to go outside to meet Faris? A. An inspiration from the book he was reading. B. A goal to use his talent to make a homeless man’s life. C. A duty to address the homelessness crisis in his community. D. An aim to challenge social norms and improve his own personal life. 37. What did Matt Faris use the funds from his portrait for? A. To start a small business. B. To pay for his medical expenses. C. To make friends with the homeless. D. To make his musical dreams come true. 38. What does the underlined phrase “down and out” mean in the last paragraph? A. stranded in community. B. reduced to poverty. C. rewarded with portrait painting. D. aimed at realizing dreams. 39. Which of the following is the best title of this text? A Art with Function: Love Account Matters B. Purpose in Paintings: Help Knows No Race C. Power of sympathy: Painting a New View D. Encounter with Strangers: Hugging New Friends 【答案】36. A 37. D 38. B 39. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了布莱恩·彼得森受书中关于爱的力量的启发，他决定出去和法里斯打招呼，彼得森看到了法里斯的魅力，于是为他画像。法里斯将画像得到的钱，用于实现了自己的音乐梦想。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“One day, Peterson was relaxing in his living room, reading the book Love Does, about the power of love in action, when his quiet was disturbed by the homeless man. Inspired by the book’s warm message, Peterson made an unexpected decision: He was going to go outside and introduce himself. (一天，彼得森正在客厅里放松，读着《爱的力量》这本书，这本书是关于爱在行动中的力量的，这时他的安静被无家可归的人打扰了。受到书中温馨信息的启发，彼得森做了一个意想不到的决定：他要出去介绍自己。)”可知，从正在读的书中得到的灵感促使布莱恩·彼得森去外面见法里斯。故选A。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Faris used the funds from his portrait to record an album, fulfilling his musical dreams. (法里斯用他的肖像所得的钱录制了一张专辑，实现了他的音乐梦想。)”可知，马特·法里斯用他画像的钱使他的音乐梦想成真。故选D。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Peterson sells the vibrant (充满活力的) painting for a few thousand dollars, splitting the proceeds and putting half into what he calls a “love account” for his model. He then helps people use the money to get back on their feet. (彼得森以几千美元的价格出售了这幅充满活力的画，并将所得分成一半存入他所谓的模特“爱心账户”。然后，他帮助人们用这笔钱重新站起来。)”可知，彼得森把画卖掉，将收益的一半给模特，帮助他们重新振作起来，这里的模特都是无家可归的人，生活贫困，故划线词意思是“沦为贫困”。故选B。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Peterson’s connection with Faris led him to form Faces of Santa Ana, a nonprofit organization focused on befriending and painting portraits of members of the community who are unhoused. (彼得森与法里斯的联系促使他成立了“圣安娜之脸”，这是一个非营利组织，专注于帮助无家可归的社区成员，并为他们画肖像。)”以及文章讲述了汽车设计师彼得森受到书的启发，和无家可归的法里斯交谈并为他画肖像，之后成立了非营利组织为无家可归的人画肖像，通过卖画帮助他们重新振作起来，而且这种行为也改变了人们对无家可归者的看法。这体现了同情的力量，通过绘画让人们对无家可归者有了新的看法，故C选项“同情的力量：描绘一种新的观点”最符合文章标题。故选C。 (B) Walking Hawai’i’s History Footpaths and trails, first protected by Hawaiian royalty in 1892, have grown into a network of 500 miles across six islands. Where To Hike Hawaiian Heritage Trails Alaka’i Swamp Trail, Kaua’i Sprawling over 4,345 acres in West Kaua’i, Köke’e State Park has roughly 45 miles of hiking trails. Most notable is the 7-mile (round-trip) Alaka’i Swamp Trail, which follows the edge of Kalalau Valley into a rare mountainous environment some 4,000 feet above sea level. Along the way are native plants and trees, home to peculiar birds including the ’elepaio (monarch flycatcher) and ’ani-aniau, a Hawaiian honeycreeper (蜜旋木雀) only found here. Hawai’i’s Queen Emma visited the swamp on horseback in 1870. The setting so entranced her that she had her hundred dancers and musicians who traveled with her perform here before continuing on. Moanalua Valley, O’ahu This hike can be as short or as long as you want, from an easy hour-long stroll along an old valley road to a grueling (稀薄的) 11-mile walk to the summit of the Ko’olau Mountains. The first part follows a stream and has interpretive markers. The road continues to a sacred rock covered with paintings. Hoapili Trail, Maui Part of this 12.5-mile trail follows an old footpath from Keone’o’io Bay. Along the way you pass a native wiliwili(Hawaiian coral tree) and the last lava flow from Haleakala volcano. Hana-Wai’anapanapa Coast Trail, Maui The 4.6-mile round-trip hike follows an ancient trail along the Hana coastline in eastern Maui and is composed of rough lava (熔岩). It’s not as popular as nearby Pipiwai Trail, but it takes in sea arches, tide pools, a blowhole, and a religious site — before ending at rocky Ka’inalimu Bay. Pololu Trail, Hawai’i This 1.2-mile out-and-back path takes hikers from the lookout down into the Pololu Valley, an elevation change of 878 feet over the course of the trail length. King Kamehameha Ӏ was born nearby in North Kohala. 40. If the tourist is interested in plants and bird watching, which trail is most suitable for him? A. Hana-Wai’anapanapa Coast Trail, Maui. B. Alakai Swamp Trail, Kaua’i. C. Moanalua Valley, O’ahu. D. Hoapili Trail, Maui. 41. Which trail is described as less popular but offers views of natural arches, tide pools, and a blowhole? A. Hoapili Trail. B. Moanalua Valley. C. Alaka’i Swamp Trail. D. Hana-Wai’anapanapa Coast Trail. 42. Which of the following statement is TRUE? A. Hawaii is made up of 5 trails. B Hoapili Trail is the longest one among the 5 trails. C. Hawai’i’s Queen Emma visited Moanalua Valley in 1870. D. Visitors can overlook the Moanalua Valley on the Pololu Trail. 【答案】40. B 41. D 42. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了夏威夷六条岛屿上的五条历史徒步路线，包括各条路线的位置、长度、特色景点以及相关的历史背景等信息。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Alaka’i Swamp Trail, Kaua’i”部分中“Along the way are native plants and trees, home to peculiar birds including the ’elepaio(monarch flycatcher) and ’ani-aniau, a Hawaiian honeycreeper (蜜旋木雀) only found here(沿途是当地的植物和树木，是包括elepaio(帝王霸鹟)和ani-aniau(一种仅在这里发现的夏威夷蜜旋木雀)等奇特鸟类的家园)”可知，如果游客对植物和观鸟感兴趣，最适合他的路线是考艾岛的阿拉卡伊沼泽小径（Alakai Swamp Trail, Kaua’i）。故选B项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Hana-Wai’anapanapa Coast Trail, Maui”部分中“It’s not as popular as nearby Pipiwai Trail, but it takes in sea arches, tide pools, a blowhole, and a religious site－before ending at rocky Ka’inalimu Bay(它不像附近的皮皮怀小径那么受欢迎，但它可以欣赏到海拱门、潮池、气孔和一个宗教遗址 —— 最后在多岩石的卡伊纳利穆湾结束)”可知，哈纳—怀阿纳帕纳帕海岸小径被描述为不太受欢迎，但能看到自然拱门、潮池和气孔。故选D项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Alaka’i Swamp Trail, Kaua’i”部分中“Most notable is the 7-mile (round-trip) Alaka’i Swamp Trail(最值得注意的是7英里（往返）的阿拉卡伊沼泽小径)”可知，阿拉卡伊沼泽小径往返7英里；根据“Moanalua Valley, O’ahu”部分中“This hike can be as short or as long as you want, from an easy hour-long stroll along an old valley road to a grueling (稀薄的) 11-mile walk to the summit of the Ko’olau Mountains(这次徒步旅行可以根据您的意愿，短至轻松的一小时谷底老路漫步，长至颇具挑战性的11英里，直达科奥劳山脉的顶峰)”可知，这里最远距离是11英里；根据“Hoapili Trail, Maui”部分中“Part of this 12.5-mile trail follows an old footpath from Keone’o’io Bay(这条12.5英里长的小径的一部分沿着一条从基奥尼奥伊奥湾开始的古老步道)”可知，从基奥尼奥伊奥湾开始的霍阿皮利小径长12.5英里；根据“Hana-Wai’anapanapa Coast Trail, Maui”部分中“The 4.6-mile round-trip hike follows an ancient trail along the Hana coastline in eastern Maui(这条4.6英里的往返徒步路线沿着毛伊岛东部哈纳海岸线的一条古老小径)”可知，沿着毛伊岛东部哈纳海岸线的古老小径长4.6 英里；根据“Pololu Trail, Hawai’i”部分中“This 1.2-mile out-and-back path takes hikers from the lookout down into the Pololu Valley(这条1.2英里的往返小径将徒步旅行者从瞭望台带到波洛卢山谷)”可知，从瞭望台带到波洛卢山谷往返1.2英里。比较可知，霍阿皮利小径是这五条路线中最长的。故选B项。 (C) Tipping in America Over the past few years, tipping has gotten complicated. The rise of touchscreens presents an opportunity to tip 18, 20, or 22 percent for everything from a cup of coffee to a candy bar. Yet all this tip increase flies in the face of the media narratives that celebrated restaurateurs were leading the way to abolish(废除) the practice. Tipping has its roots in vails(赏钱), small gifts in form of money given by English noblemen to their servants in the late Middle Ages. These started out as a means of rewarding extra work, or helping out in hard times. By the 18th century, servants at country houses and inns expected these gifts from guests, and sources at the time complained of the cost. After World War II, tipping waned in the United Kingdom and across Europe as restaurants substituted service charges for tips. But the war posed no threat to the practice in America, making the country that had imported tipping its main supporter. Since the 1950s, economists and psychologists have been arguing over tipping’s role in American society. Some theorize that people enjoy the feeling of importance; others suggest that people tip out of fear of social disapproval. W. Michael Lynn, a social psychologist who has studied tipping throughout his career, argues in his research that it might have begun as a means for some people to buy special treatment－then, when tipping became common, it instead put non-tippers at a disadvantage, creating an unbreakable cycle. One or two prominent restaurateurs occasionally make headlines by abolishing the practice, but the tip-free movement never spreads. Lynn, a professor of consumer behavior at Cornell, says that it’s difficult because consumers like the alternatives to tipping less. “For restaurants to get rid of tipping, the two options they have are to either replace it with service charges, which everyone hates, or raise menu prices, which most restaurants have difficulty doing since competitors continue to have lower menu prices, and doing so collectively would be price fixing.” What is known is how much tipping doesn’t do. Research has found that tips are not used to reward good service, or punish bad service. People tip even if they don’t expect to ever return to a restaurant, and the only determinant of the size of the tip is the size of the bill－people tend to tip smaller percentages on bigger checks. Racism and sexism influences how much people tip too. 43. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Tipping began as money gifts given by English nobles to servants in the late Middle Ages. B. After World War II, tipping disappeared completely in the United Kingdom and across Europe. C. The tip-free movement has successfully spread widely in the restaurant industry. D. Consumers generally prefer the alternatives to tipping, such as service charges or higher menu prices. 44. According to economists and psychologists, Americans tip possibly because ____________. A. they tend to care about important social matters B. they prefer to treat other people in a special way C. they want to be recognized by the community D. they intend to get rid of an unbreakable cycle 45. What can be inferred about the current situation of tipping in America? A. Media reports on tipping are not always credible. B. Consumers are unwilling to tip as much as before. C. People tip to build a connection with the receiver. D. Waiters of color might be tipped less by customers. 46. What is the author’s attitude towards tipping? A. favorable B. critical C. neutral D. biased 【答案】43. A 44. C 45. D 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了美国小费文化的起源、发展以及相关的研究和现状。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Tipping has its roots in vails(赏钱), small gifts in form of money given by English noblemen to their servants in the late Middle Ages.(小费起源于中世纪晚期英国贵族给仆人作为赏钱的小礼物)” 可知，小费最初是中世纪晚期英国贵族给仆人作为赏钱的礼物。故选A。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Some theorize that people enjoy the feeling of importance; others suggest that people tip out of fear of social disapproval.(一些人认为人们喜欢那种被重视的感觉；另一些人则认为人们给小费是因为害怕社会的不认可)”可知，经济学家和心理学家认为，美国人给小费可能是因为他们希望得到社会的认可。 故选C。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Racism and sexism influences how much people tip too.(种族主义和性别歧视也会影响人们给小费的多少)” 可推知，有色人种的服务员可能会得到顾客较少的小费，故选D。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。文章中作者只是客观地介绍了美国小费文化的相关信息，包括其起源、发展、人们对给小费原因的研究以及存在的问题等，没有对小费文化表达自己的赞成或批评态度，所以作者的态度是中立的。故选C。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Positive Feedback In an attempt to inject some positivity into their feedback, many managers rely on sandwiching negative feedback between two positive comments. However, when feedback becomes such a routine, employees can start to perceive positive feedback as simply a form of masking the negatives, thus decreasing its value. ____47____. Below are three tips to help you make positive feedback count. Don’t always follow positive feedback with negative feedback. ____48____. Ensure there are times when positive feedback is given for its own sake and resist the temptation to offer constructive criticism. Cultivate a “growth mindset”. Psychologist and “growth mindset” supporter Carol Dweck spoke of the plasticity of the brain and our ability to develop skills and talents that we might not have been good at to start with. ____49____. “You really have an eye for details”, for example. However, research suggests that by focusing on the process of how things are done — praising effort, experimentation and problem-solving strategies — we can encourage the development of new skills and the continued development of talents. Create a culture of offering positive feedback. Make giving positive feedback part of your team/department/company culture. Don’t just wait for special moments like evaluations to give feedback. Offer informal positive feedback when making small talk or when walking down a corridor. Feedback doesn’t have to only come from the higher ranks either. Encourage peer feedback among team members and colleagues and actively ask them for positive comments on each other’s performances on tasks. It might take time to counter the effects of an environment where there is a doubtful view of positive feedback. ____50____. A. Many of us tend to focus our praise on the end result and seemingly inborn talents. B. Instead, positive feedback should not just soften negatives but enhance performance. C. When positive and negative feedback always appear to go hand in hand, the positives can become devalued and ignored. D. Enhance the productivity and efficiency by implementing strategies aimed at improving the performance of your employees. E. Therefore, it matters that you should promote the exchange of feedback between peers and actively seek out their positive remarks when doing tasks. F. But in the long run, by hugging positive feedback, you can not only enhance working performance but also enrich the quality of life in the workplace. 【答案】47. B 48. C 49. A 50. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了三个让积极反馈发挥作用的技巧。 【47题详解】 根据上文“In an attempt to inject some positivity into their feedback, many managers rely on sandwiching negative feedback between two positive comments. However, when feedback becomes such a routine, employees can start to perceive positive feedback as simply a form of masking the negatives, thus decreasing its value.(为了给他们的反馈注入一些积极的东西，许多管理者依靠把消极的反馈夹在两个积极的评论之间。然而，当反馈成为一种惯例时，员工会开始将积极反馈视为掩盖消极反馈的一种形式，从而降低了消极反馈的价值)”以及后文“Below are three tips to help you make positive feedback count.(下面有三个技巧可以帮助你让积极的反馈发挥作用)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，肯定积极反馈的正面作用。故B选项“相反，积极的反馈不仅应该缓和消极的影响，还应该提高表现”符合语境，故选B。 【48题详解】 根据后文“Ensure there are times when positive feedback is given for its own sake and resist the temptation to offer constructive criticism.(确保有时候给予积极的反馈是为了反馈本身，并抵制提供建设性批评的诱惑)”可知，后文提到要“单独给予正面反馈而非总伴随负面”，说明正面和负面的反馈不应该同时存在，这样会削弱正面反馈的价值。故C选项“当正面和负面的反馈总是齐头并进时，正面的价值就会被贬低和忽略”符合语境，故选C。 【49题详解】 根据上文“Psychologist and “growth mindset” supporter Carol Dweck spoke of the plasticity of the brain and our ability to develop skills and talents that we might not have been good at to start with.(心理学家和“成长心态”的支持者卡罗尔·德韦克谈到了大脑的可塑性，以及我们发展技能和才能的能力，而这些技能和才能一开始可能并不擅长)”以及后文““You really have an eye for details”, for example. However, research suggests that by focusing on the process of how things are done — praising effort, experimentation and problem-solving strategies — we can encourage the development of new skills and the continued development of talents.(比如，“你真的很注重细节”。然而，研究表明，通过关注事情如何完成的过程——表扬努力、实验和解决问题的策略——我们可以鼓励新技能的发展和人才的持续发展)”可知，本句主要说明人们对于才能的看法，A选项中talents对应上文talents，故A选项“我们中的许多人倾向于把赞美的重点放在最终结果和看似天生的才能上”符合语境，故选A。 【50题详解】 根据上文“It might take time to counter the effects of an environment where there is a doubtful view of positive feedback.(在一个对积极反馈持怀疑态度的环境中，可能需要时间来抵消其影响)”可知，上文提到积极反馈需要时间抵消其影响，推测从长远来看，积极反馈带来的作用是正面的，故F选项“但是从长远来看，积极的反馈不仅可以提高你的工作表现，还可以丰富工作场所的生活质量”符合语境，故选F。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Role of the Anesthesiologist (麻醉医生) If you’re preparing for surgery, you’ve probably given a lot of thought to the education, training, and experience of the surgeon performing the procedure. But you may not have thought much about the anesthesiologist or the importance of his or her medical expertise in your procedure — before, during, and after — to keep you safe and comfortable. Actually, anesthesiologists guide you throughout your entire surgical experience. Before surgery, in the days or weeks before your surgery, your anesthesiologist will be sure you are fit for surgery and prepare you for the procedure by asking detailed questions about your health, and examining you. Be sure to let your anesthesiologist know about any medical problems you have, such as heart disease, diabetes, or asthma, and what medications you are taking. Eventually, your anesthesiologist will create an anesthesia plan developed specifically for you to ensure a safe and successful procedure. During the surgery, the anesthesiologist closely monitors your anesthesia and vital body functions during the procedure, working alone or with an Anesthesia Care Team. Your anesthesiologist will instantly manage medical problems if they occur during surgery. After surgery, in the recovery room, the anesthesiologist supervises others who will care for you and monitor your recovery — your breathing, circulation, consciousness, and level of oxygen — and is immediately available if there are questions or concerns. In addition, the anesthesiologist typically is one of those who decide when you are ready to go home, or when you should be moved to a regular room in the hospital or the intensive care unit. The anesthesiologist may even be involved in pain management after you go home because they specialize in pain control, and some focus their practices on treating patients with chronic pain. If you suffer from pain that won’t go away, such as migraine headaches, back pain, or pain caused by a condition such as fibromyalgia, ask your doctor about a referral to an anesthesiologist who specializes in treating chronic pain. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Anesthesiologists are important in the surgical process. Before surgery, they make anesthesia plans for patients by asking them health-related questions and examining them. During surgery, anesthesiologists closely monitor patients’ anesthesia and vital body functions in case of medical emergencies. After surgery, anesthesiologists supervise patients’ recovery and determine patients’ next medical process. After patients go home, anesthesiologists help manage pains. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说麻醉师在手术过程中很重要。手术前，他们通过询问患者与健康相关的问题并对其进行检查，为患者制定麻醉计划。在手术过程中，麻醉师密切监测患者的麻醉和重要的身体功能，以防医疗紧急情况。手术后，麻醉师监督病人的恢复并决定病人下一步的治疗过程。病人回家后，麻醉师会帮助控制疼痛。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①But you may not have thought much about the anesthesiologist or the importance of his or her medical expertise in your procedure — before, during, and after — to keep you safe and comfortable. ②Before surgery, in the days or weeks before your surgery, your anesthesiologist will be sure you are fit for surgery and prepare you for the procedure by asking detailed questions about your health, and examining you. Eventually, your anesthesiologist will create an anesthesia plan developed specifically for you to ensure a safe and successful procedure. ③During the surgery, the anesthesiologist closely monitors your anesthesia and vital body functions during the procedure, working alone or with an Anesthesia Care Team. ④After surgery, in the recovery room, the anesthesiologist supervises others who will care for you and monitor your recovery — your breathing, circulation, consciousness, and level of oxygen — and is immediately available if there are questions or concerns. ⑤The anesthesiologist may even be involved in pain management after you go home because they specialize in pain control, and some focus their practices on treating patients with chronic pain. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总述，将第2、3、4、5四个要点进行分论。 3.遣词造句 Anesthesiologists are important in the surgical process. Before surgery, they make anesthesia plans for patients by asking them health-related questions and examining them. During surgery, anesthesiologists closely monitor patients’ anesthesia and vital body functions in case of medical emergencies. After surgery, anesthesiologists supervise patients’ recovery and determine patients’ next medical process. After patients go home, anesthesiologists help manage pains. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Before surgery, they make anesthesia plans for patients by asking them health-related questions and examining them.运用动名词作宾语对原文第二段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] After patients go home, anesthesiologists help manage pains.用after引导时间状语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 Ⅳ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 依我看来，争论上海房价是否会持续攀升，这是一件毫无意义的事情。(point) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】In my opinion/To my mind/As far as I am concerned/From where I stand/From my perspective, there is no point in arguing whether the housing prices in Shanghai will be steadily/constantly/continuously/gradually rising. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、句型和宾语从句。表示“依我看来”可用短语In my opinion/To my mind/As far as I am concerned/From where I stand/From my perspective，引出个人观点；根据所给提示词point，表示“做某事毫无意义”应用固定句型there is no point in doing sth. ；表示“争论”应用argue的动名词形式arguing，作介词in的宾语；“上海房价是否会持续攀升”为argue的宾语，应用whether引导宾语从句，其中“上海房价”应用短语housing prices in Shanghai，“攀升”应用动词rise，根据句意描述将来持续进行的动作，应用将来进行时will be rising，表示“持续”可用steadily/constantly/continuously/gradually等副词作状语，修饰rising。故翻译为In my opinion/To my mind/As far as I am concerned/From where I stand/From my perspective, there is no point in arguing whether the housing prices in Shanghai will be steadily/constantly/continuously/gradually rising. 53. 重要的是要保护我们的文化遗产，以便后代能够欣赏和传承。(preserve) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is important to preserve our cultural heritage so that future generations can appreciate and pass it on. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型、动词及短语。因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时。“做某事是重要的”常用固定句型“It is important to do sth.”，这里“做某事”即“保护我们的文化遗产”，“保护”用动词preserve，“我们的文化遗产”是our cultural heritage，所以“保护我们的文化遗产”翻译为“preserve our cultural heritage”；“以便”常用so that来引导目的状语从句；“后代”常见表达为future generations；“欣赏”用动词appreciate；“传承”常见短语为pass on，这里it指代our cultural heritage，所以“以便后代能够欣赏和传承”翻译为“so that future generations can appreciate and pass it on”。故翻译为It is important to preserve our cultural heritage so that future generations can appreciate and pass it on.。 54. 无论是在科学领域还是艺术领域，除了对所选领域的热情和奉献以外，成功还取决于你的坚持不懈。(whether) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】Whether in science or in art, besides / apart from / in addition to the passion and dedication/devotion you bring to your chosen field / in your chosen field, success lies in / consists in / counts on / relies on / depends on / is determined by / is decided by your perseverance. 【解析】 【详解】考查whether引导的让步状语从句、短语和名词。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时。“无论是在科学领域还是艺术领域”，使用whether引导的让步状语从句，可译为Whether in science or in art；“除了……以外”常见的表达有besides /apart from /in addition to；“对……的热情和奉献”可译为the passion and dedication/devotion you bring to your chosen field /in your chosen field；“取决于”常见的短语有lies in /consists in /counts on /relies on /depends on /is determined by /is decided by；“坚持不懈”名词为perseverance。故整句话译为Whether in science or in art, besides / apart from / in addition to the passion and dedication/devotion you bring to your chosen field / in your chosen field, success lies in / consists in / counts on / relies on / depends on / is determined by / is decided by your perseverance. 55. 人们普遍认为，科技的发展让我们的生活更加便利，但同时也带来了如隐私问题这样的挑战。(It) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is commonly/generally/widely/universally believed/assumed/acknowledged that the development of science and technology has made our lives more convenient/has brought convenience to our lives, but it has also brought about challenges such as privacy concerns/problems. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句式、时态。“人们普遍认为”为 “It is commonly/generally/widely/universally believed/assumed/acknowledged that”，it做形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。“科技的发展让我们的生活更加便利，但同时也带来了如隐私问题这样的挑战”在陈述过去动作对现在造成的影响，为现在完成时。“科技的发展”为“the development of science and technology”；“让我们的生活更加便利”为“make our lives more convenient”或者“bring convenience to our lives”；“带来”为“bring about”；“挑战”为“challenges”；“如隐私问题”为“such as privacy concerns/problems”。前后句为转折关系，用but连接。故翻译为：It is commonly/generally/widely/universally believed/assumed/acknowledged that the development of science and technology has made our lives more convenient/has brought convenience to our lives, but it has also brought about challenges such as privacy concerns/problems. Ⅴ. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是明启中学高三学生李华，最近你所在学校要接待一些外籍学生来校进行为期两天的中西方文化交流活动，现在向全校师生征集活动策划案。请给学生会写一封邮件表达你的想法。你的邮件须包括以下内容： 1.介绍具体活动方案； 2.说明理由。 注：文中可以出现真实地名，但不得提及真实姓名或学校。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 With the upcoming of the cultural exchange program, I am thrilled to submit my proposal for the 2-day schedule. On the first day, a welcoming ceremony will be organized in the assembly hall, followed by a showcase of international students’ cultural presentations. This will set the tone for an open and inclusive exchange, allowing each group to exhibit their unique cultural heritage. After the ceremony, it’s a good idea to organize some interactive activities to deepen our cultural exchange. On the second day, I recommend hosting a joint cooking class. I believe that this activity teaches cooking skills and deepens understanding of each other’s dietary habits and cultural values. In the evening, what about holding a farewell party for our foreign students, which serve as a tie bridging Sino-Western cultures? I sincerely hope that my proposal will be considered and accepted. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写邮件向学生会介绍对接待外籍学生开展两日中西方文化交流活动的策划想法，包含介绍具体活动方案与说明理由 。 【详解】1.词汇积累 即将到来的：upcoming → coming 提交：submit → present 组织：organize → arrange 展示：showcase → display 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：With the upcoming of the cultural exchange program, I am thrilled to submit my proposal for the 2-day schedule. 拓展句：As the cultural exchange program is approaching, I am thrilled to submit my proposal for the 2-day schedule. 【点睛】【高分句型1】On the second day, I recommend hosting a joint cooking class.（运用了动名词hosting作宾语） 【高分句型2】I believe that this activity teaches cooking skills and deepens understanding of each other’s dietary habits and cultural values.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $