精品解析：上海市崇明中学2024-2025学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷

上海市崇明中学2024学年第二学期期中考试 高一 英语 （满分115分，答题时间105分钟） I. Grammar and Vocabulary (30’) Section A (10’) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Hua Luogeng: Genius Comes from Accumulation Despite only having a high school qualification, the former Professor and Mathematician Hua Luogeng published more than 200 papers, monographs and dozens of popular works in the field of mathematical research. People often say that he is a mathematical genius, ____1____ Hua believes that “Genius comes from accumulation, and intelligence comes from diligence.” After graduating from junior high school, Hua, who came from a poor family, began a life of part-time work and study. He spent five years ____2____ (complete) all high school and university coursework in mathematics. In 1931, his publication caught the attention and gained much praise from Tsinghua Professor Xiong Qinglai. He was subsequently, transferred to the Department of Mathematics to work as an assistant. Surrounded by talents, Hua made a promise to himself. “I ____3____ (make) extraordinary efforts to achieve my own goals!” “They have received ____4____ (great) education than me so I must double my efforts in order to make up for the losses. So it people only work for 8 hours every day, I need to work 12 hours every day!” Not only was Hua hardworking in his research and development, he also held great love for his country. After the founding of New China, Hua gave up his work overseas ____5____ (teach) at Tsinghua. In Hong Kong, he wrote “An open letter to all the Chinese students who studied abroad in America” from which he advocated the need to return home. “We ____6____ return for our ideals and return home for our country and people.” Hua Luogeng has made outstanding contributions to the training of new Chinese mathematicians. He was very strict with young researchers. Every day at dawn, Hua Luogeng would go to the researchers’ dormitory and knock on their doors to start his discussion on the questions and findings ____7____ (raise) during the lectures. It is under such strictness ____8____ many of his students grew and created a new talent pool of Chinese mathematicians, some of ____9____ are Wan Zhexian, Lu Qikeng, Wang Yuan, Chen Jingrun and much more. In 1985, Hua Luogeng went to give lectures in Japan and he fainted on the teaching podium due to exhaustion. He worked until the last minute of his life. ____10____ said in a poem for him, “A general dies on the battlefield and a scholar dies in his study room. You have dedicated your entire life to academics and research and you have given your life to science.” 【答案】1. but 2. completing 3. will make 4. greater 5. to teach 6. must 7. raised 8. that 9. whom 10. As 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了数学家华罗庚的生平事迹。 【1题详解】 考查连词。句意：人们常说他是数学天才，但华罗庚认为“天才在于积累，聪明在于勤奋”。前后句子存在转折关系，用连词but连接两个分句。故填but。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他花了五年时间完成了所有高中和大学的数学课程。spend time (in) doing sth.是固定用法，意为“花费时间做某事”，用动名词completing作宾语。故填completing。 【3题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：我要付出非凡的努力来实现自己的目标！make(做，作出)是直接引语中谓语动词，根据语境，这里表达强烈的个人意愿，应用情态动词will。故填will make。 【4题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：他们比我接受了更好的教育，所以我必须加倍努力来弥补不足。根据句意和后面的“than me”可知，要用形容词比较级greater作定语，意为“更好的”。故填greater。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：新中国成立后，华罗庚放弃了海外的工作，回到清华大学任教。“(teach) at Tsinghua”是放弃海外工作的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 【6题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：为了我们的理想，我们必须回去，为了国家和人民，我们必须回去。结合句意及上一句中“the need to return home”可知，此处指“我们必须回国”，用情态动词must。故填must。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：每天黎明时分，华罗庚都会去研究人员的宿舍，敲门开始讨论讲座中提出的问题和发现。“(raise) during the lectures”作后置定语，raise(提出)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语“questions and findings”之间是被动关系，用过去分词raised表被动。故填raised。 【8题详解】 考查强调句。句意：正是在这样的严格要求下，他的许多学生成长起来，造就了一批中国数学家的新人才库，其中有万哲先、陆启铿、王元、陈景润等等。这是一个强调句，结构是“it is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分”，这里强调的是原句中条件状语“under such strictness”，句子其它部分用that引出。故填that。 【9题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：正是在这样的严格要求下，他的许多学生成长起来，造就了一批中国数学家的新人才库，其中有万哲先、陆启铿、王元、陈景润等等。“some of ____9____ are Wan Zhexian, Lu Qikeng, Wang Yuan, Chen Jingrun and much more”是一个非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词“ Chinese mathematicians”，指人，关系将其代入从句中作宾语，用关系代词whom引导从句。故填whom。 【10题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：正如一首为他写的诗中所说：“将军死在战场上，学者死在书房里。你把一生都献给了学术和研究，你把生命献给了科学。”as it is said...是固定句型，意为“正如……所说”，是状语从句，可省略从句中it is；句首单词首字母大写。故填As。 Section B (10’) Directions: After reading the sentences below, fill in the blanks with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. adjust B. become of C. cure D. apply E. identify F. lived through G. remark H. turns out I. issue J. overwhelming K. in honor of 11. The police used fingerprints to ________ the suspect, which proved crucial in solving the case. 12. Although modern medicine has advanced greatly, there’s still no effective ________ for some rare diseases. 13. The small village celebration ________ to be the most memorable cultural event of the year. 14. Facing ________ pressure from final exams, many students developed effective stress management techniques. 15. “What will ________ the abandoned puppies?” the animal lover asked anxiously. 16. Astronauts need months to ________ their biological clocks when traveling through different time zones. 17. The monument was built ________ the heroes who sacrificed their lives during the war. 18. The government is holding a press conference to address the environmental ________ tomorrow. 19. Students should ________ these grammar rules to various real-life communication scenarios. 20. The elderly woman often shares stories about how she ________ the Second World War as a child. 【答案】11. E 12. C 13. H 14. J 15. B 16. A 17. K 18. I 19. D 20. F 【解析】 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：警方利用指纹来识别嫌疑人，这在破案中起到了至关重要的作用。根据“used fingerprints”以及“the suspect”和“solving the case”可推知，这里是说用指纹识别嫌疑人，应填动词identify，意为“识别”；填动词原形与to构成不定式。故选E项。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管现代医学已经取得了很大的进步，但对于一些罕见疾病仍然没有有效的治疗方法。根据“no effective”以及“for some rare diseases”可知，此处需要一个表示“治疗方法”的名词，cure意为“治疗方法，疗法”，作主语。故选C项。 【13题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：事实证明，这个小村庄的庆祝活动是今年最难忘的文化活动。根据语境，这里表达“结果是，证明是”的意思，动词短语turn out符合，作谓语，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，The small village celebration作主语，谓语动词用单数，填turns out。故选H项。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：面对期末考试带来的巨大压力，许多学生开发出了有效的压力管理技巧。作定语，修饰pressure；根据“pressure”以及“developed effective stress management techniques”可推测压力是巨大的，形容词overwhelming意为“巨大的，压倒性的”符合句意。故选J项。 【15题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：“那些被遗弃的小狗会怎样呢？”动物爱好者焦急地问道。根据语境，这里问的是小狗的命运，what will become of...是固定表达，意为“（遭遇）如何，……会怎样”。故选B项。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：宇航员在穿越不同时区时需要几个月的时间来调整他们的生物钟。根据“their biological clocks when traveling through different time zones”可知，这里需要一个表示“调整”的动词，adjust意为“调整”符合句意；填动词原形与空前to构成不定式。故选A项。 【17题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：这座纪念碑是为了纪念在战争中牺牲的英雄们而建造的。根据“the heroes who sacrificed their lives during the war”可知，建纪念碑是为了纪念他们，介词短语in honor of“为了纪念……”符合语境。故选K项。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：政府明天将举行新闻发布会来解决环境问题。作宾语，根据“address”可知，需要解决的是“问题”，名词issue意为“问题”，符合语境。故选I项。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：学生们应该将这些语法规则应用到各种现实生活中的交流场景中。根据“these grammar rules to various real life communication scenarios”可知，这里是说应用规则，apply...to...是固定搭配，意为“把……应用到……”，情态动词should后跟动词原形。故选D项。 【20题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：这位老妇人经常分享她小时候如何经历第二次世界大战的故事。设空处在宾语从句中作谓语；根据“the Second World War as a child”可知，动词短语live through意为“经历（灾难或其他困境）而幸存”符合语境，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态lived through。故选F项。 Section C (10’) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. serve B. shape C. sharing D. released E. spread F. willingly G. questioned H. separately I. practice J. preparing K.creating Communal Eating? In China, communal eating (合餐共食) is considered very important for forming a close relationship. In the memories of most Chinese, one of the happiest moments in their lives was seated around a table with families or friends, ____21____ dishes and chatting over wine. In the campaign against the COVID-19 outbreak, this dining tradition has been greatly ____22____. Since each diner picks food out of the communal plates on a bite-by-bite basis with their chopsticks, the virus can be transferred from saliva (唾液) to chopsticks to the dish. What’s worse, diners often ____23____ others with their own utensils, such as chopsticks or spoons, to express friendliness and care. Several cases of coronavirus are thought to have ____24____ through families when sharing food during the Chinese New Year period. Communal eating has thus become a target of both governments and restaurants. Posters have been ____25____ by local governments to encourage people to use serving utensils. Concerned about customers being very careful about returning to restaurants, the catering industry (餐饮业) has ____26____ joined the campaign. For example, many restaurants, once allowed to reopen, have immediately sprung into action, particularly offering set meals for one single person. These changes are likely to continue and could be encouraged by local regulations, as eating together ____27____ can always protect the public health. The measures will ____28____ the traditional mealtime manners. The move away from a traditional cultural ____29____ is ongoing. But as an expert said, “In modern times to eat individually may lose some tradition, but it can also mean more opportunities for ______30______ something new in Chinese food and eating habits.” 【答案】21. C 22. G 23. A 24. E 25. D 26. F 27. H 28. B 29. I 30. K 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了全球新冠疫情的大背景下，中国传统的合餐制受到挑战和质疑。为了保护公众的健康，政府和餐饮业大力倡导分餐制，这也意味着有更多的机会创造新的中式菜肴和用餐习惯。 21题详解】 考查动词。句意：在大多数中国人的记忆中，他们生活中最快乐的时刻之一是与家人或朋友围坐在桌旁，共享饭菜，把酒聊天。分析句子可知，空格处词与and之后的chatting over wine为并列成分，在句中作伴随状语，应用现在分词，sharing“分享”为动词，符合句意。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：在抗击新冠肺炎疫情的运动中，这一饮食传统受到广泛质疑。分析句子结构及句意可知，空格处为句中的谓语动词，与前面的has been构成被动语态，表“（饮食传统）受到质疑”，questioned“质疑”为动词，符合句意。故选G项。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：更糟糕的是，用餐者经常用自己的器具为别人夹菜，如筷子或勺子，以表达友好和关心。分析句子可知，空格处为句中的谓语动词，使用一般现在时，表述特定习俗，serve“上菜”为动词，符合句意。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一些冠状病毒病例被认为是在中国农历新年期间，因家庭聚餐而传播扩散的。分析空格前的to have可知，空格处为句中不定式的完成式，应使用动词过去分词形式，spread“传播；蔓延”为动词，符合句意。故选E项。 【25题详解】 考查动词。句意：当地政府一直发布公益广告，鼓励人们使用公筷公勺。分析句子结构，并结合句意可知，空格处为句中的谓语动词，与前面的has been构成被动语态，表“（大幅广告）被发布”，released“公布；发行”为动词，符合句意。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查副词。句意：考虑到顾客对在餐厅堂食心存顾虑，餐饮业欣然地加入到这场运动中来。分析句子可知，空格处应为谓语动词has joined的修饰成分，副词willingly，意为“欣然地；心甘情愿地”，作状语，符合句意。故选F项。 【27题详解】 考查副词。句意：这些变化很可能会持续下去，并可能受到当地法规的鼓励，因为分开用餐总是可以保护公众健康。分析句子可知，空格处应为动名词eating的修饰成分，副词separately，此处意为“分开用餐”，作状语，符合句意。故选H项。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些措施将影响传统的用餐方式。分析句子可知，空格处为句中的谓语动词，与前面的助动词will构成一般将来时，shape“塑造；影响”为动词，符合句意。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：中国社会正在逐渐远离合餐制的传统文化习俗。根据空格前cultural可知，空格处应填名词，作from的宾语，practice“习俗；习惯”为名词，符合句意。故选I项。 【30题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：现代生活中的分餐制可能会使我们丢掉一些传统，但这也意味着有更多的机会创造新的中式菜肴和用餐习惯。分析空格前的for可知，空格处为句中非谓语动词作宾语，应使用动名词形式，creating“创造”为动词，符合句意。故选K项。 II. Reading Comprehension (45’) Section A (15’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Common dietary advice encourages us to eat whole food and avoid processed ones. But there is no clear understanding of what makes a food ultra-processed or how these foods affect our health. Broadly labeling ultra-processed foods as bad could not only lead us to ____31____other potential factors contributing to obesity, but may create a new set of unconscious health consequences. For decades, public health experts have raised the alarm about ultra-processed foods, blaming them for ____32____increases in obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Already, two countries-Canada and Brazil have advice on____33____ultra-processed foods in their national dietary guidelines. More countries, including the US and Australia, are debating whether to____34____their practice. However, there are too many unknowns to justify such sweeping____35____,according to nutrition researchers at a conference hosted by the American Society for Nutrition in Boston on 23 July. Although it is often repeated that ultra-processed foods are bad for us, there is no universal____36____of such products. The most widely used description is based on the NOVA food classification system, which says a food is ultra-processed if it uses____37____,often derived from other foods, to “imitate or enhance the sensory qualities of foods or to disguise unpalatable (难吃的) aspects of the final product＂. NOVA also states that “a multitude of sequences or____38____is used to combine the usually many ingredients" and these processes can’t be done at home. This definition is ____39____and unclear, says Lauren O’Connor at the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), who participated in the panel. As such, it can be difficult to_____40_____foods according to the NOVA system. What’s more, it is hard to be sure how-or if-ultra-processed foods are harmful to health. Mixing foods together like this also make people_____41_____to capture the small impacts some of them have on health. Research shows that foods often categorized as ultra-processed ones can contribute key_____42_____to people’s diets. Earlier this year, O’Connor and her colleagues showed that, of 1,140 children aged between 6 and 23 months old in the US, 75 per cent of their iron intake and 48 per cent of their zinc intake, on average, came from foods considered ultra-processed by NOVA. “One of the biggest_____43_____of some ultra-processed foods is strengthening micronutrients,” says O’Connor. This means blanket guidance to avoid ultra-processed foods could lead to nutrient_____44_____and that ultra-processed food can form part of a healthy diet. “There is still a lot that we don’t know about ultra-processed foods,” says O’Connor. “We have to be really_____45_____of that because we don’t want to look down upon any foods. 31. A. criticize B. analyze C. consider D. overlook 32. A. global B. national C. obvious D. various 33. A. adding B. avoiding C. banning D. improving 34. A. follow B. update C. assess D. release 35. A. campaigns B. commands C. regulations D. recommendations 36. A. announcement B. acknowledge C. definition D. recognition 37. A. elements B. substances C. materials D. ingredients 38. A. arrangements B. criteria - C. processes D. standards 39. A. scientific B. broad C. comprehensive D. elaborate 40. A. classify B. purchase C. prepare D. store 41. A. attempt B. fail C. prefer D. strive 42. A. appetites B. components C. nutrients D. varieties 43. A. awards B. benefits C. concerns D. harvests 44. A. absorption B. deficiencies C. intake D. supplies 45. A. ashamed B. confident C. mindful D. tolerant 【答案】31. D 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. C 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. A 41. B 42. C 43. B 44. B 45. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了超加工食物。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：把超加工食品笼统地贴上有害食品的标签，不仅会让我们忽视导致肥胖的其他潜在因素，还可能造成一系列新的无意识的健康后果。A. criticize批评，指责；B. analyze分析；C. consider认为，视为；D. overlook忽视，忽略。根据上文“But there is no clear understanding of what makes a food ultra-processed or how these foods affect our health.(但是，对于什么使一种食物成为超加工食品，以及这些食物如何影响我们的健康，目前还没有明确的认识)”可知，因为对于什么使一种食物成为超加工食品，以及这些食物如何影响我们的健康，目前还没有明确的认识，把超加工食品笼统地贴上有害食品的标签，不仅会让我们忽视导致肥胖的其他潜在因素。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几十年来，公共卫生专家一直对超加工食品发出警告，指责它们是全球肥胖、糖尿病和心脏病增加的罪魁祸首。A. global全球的，全世界的；B. national国家的，全国的；C. obvious明显的，显然的；D. various各种各样的。根据本句“For decades, public health experts have raised the alarm about ultra-processed foods(几十年来，公共卫生专家一直对超加工食品发出警告)”可知，超加工食品是全球肥胖、糖尿病和心脏病增加的罪魁祸首，公共卫生专家一直对超加工食品发出警告。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：加拿大和巴西这两个国家已经在其国家饮食指南中提出了避免超加工食品的建议。A. adding增加；B. avoiding避免；C. banning 禁止；D. improving提高；改善。根据上句“For decades, public health experts have raised the alarm about ultra-processed foods, blaming them for____2____increases in obesity, diabetes and heart disease.(几十年来，公共卫生专家一直对超加工食品发出警告，指责它们是全球肥胖、糖尿病和心脏病增加的罪魁祸首。)”可知，公共卫生专家一直对超加工食品发出警告，指责它们是全球肥胖、糖尿病和心脏病增加的罪魁祸首，加拿大和巴西这两个国家已经在其国家饮食指南中提出了避免超加工食品的建议。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：包括美国和澳大利亚在内的更多国家正在讨论是否要效仿他们的做法。A. follow跟着，跟随；B. update为……增加最新信息，更新；C. assess评价，评定；D. release释放，放走。根据上文“Already, two countries-Canada and Brazil have advice on____3____ultra-processed foods in their national dietary guidelines(加拿大和巴西这两个国家已经在其国家饮食指南中提出了避免超加工食品的建议。)”可知，包括美国和澳大利亚在内的更多国家正在讨论是否要效仿他们的做法。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在7月23日由美国营养学会在波士顿主办的一次会议上，营养研究人员表示，有太多的未知因素无法证明这种全面的建议是合理的。A. campaigns活动，运动；B. commands指令 ；C. regulations规则，规章；D. recommendations建议。根据本句“there are too many unknowns to justify(有太多的未知来证明)”可知，有太多的未知因素无法证明这种全面的建议是合理的。故选D。 【36题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然人们经常说超加工食品对我们有害，但是对这类产品并没有一个普遍的定义。A. announcement公告；B. acknowledge承认；C. definition 定义，释义；D. recognition承认，接受。根据后文“This definition is ____9____and unclear(这个定义宽泛而不明确)”可知，对这类产品并没有一个普遍的定义。故选C。 【37题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最广泛使用的描述是基于NOVA食品分类系统，该系统认为，如果一种食品使用了通常来自其他食品的成分，A. elements要素；元素；B. substances物质；C. materials材料；D. ingredients原料。根据“NOVA also states that “a multitude of sequences or____8____is used to combine the usually many ingredients" and these processes can’t be done at home.(NOVA还指出，“使用大量的序列或过程来组合通常许多成分”，而这些过程无法在家中完成。)”可知，一种食品使用了通常来自其他食品的成分。故选D。 【38题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：OVA还指出，“使用大量的序列或过程来组合通常许多成分”，而这些过程无法在家中完成。A. arrangements安排；B. criteria标准，准则；C. processes过程；进程；D. standards标准，水平，规范。根据本句“a multitude of sequences(大量的序列)”可知，使用大量的序列或过程来组合通常许多成分。故选C。 【39题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个定义宽泛而不明确。A. scientific科学；B. broad宽广的，宽阔的；C. comprehensive 综合性的，全面的；D. elaborate复杂的，详尽的。根据上文“Although it is often repeated that ultra-processed foods are bad for us, there is no universal____6____of such products.(虽然人们经常说超加工食品对我们有害，但是对这类产品并没有一个普遍的定义)”可知，这个定义宽泛而不明确。故选B。 【40题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，很难根据NOVA系统对食物进行分类。A. classify把……分类，把……分级；B. purchase 购买，采购；C. prepare准备；D. store储存。根据上文“This definition is ____9____and unclear(这个定义宽泛而不明确)”可知，很难根据NOVA系统对食物进行分类。故选A。 【41题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：像这样把食物混在一起也会让人们忽视其中一些食物对健康的小影响。A. attempt试图；B. fail失败；C. prefer更喜欢；D. strive努力，力争。根据上文“What’s more, it is hard to be sure how-or if-ultra-processed foods are harmful to health.(更重要的是，很难确定超加工食品如何或是否对健康有害)”可知，像这样把食物混在一起也会让人们忽视其中一些食物对健康的小影响。故选B。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，通常被归类为超加工食品的食物可以为人们的饮食提供关键的营养。A. appetites食欲；B. components 部件；组件；C. nutrients营养物；D. varieties 品种；种类。根据后文“One of the biggest____13____of some ultra-processed foods is strengthening micronutrients(一些超加工食品的最大好处之一是增强微量营养素)”可知，通常被归类为超加工食品的食物可以为人们的饮食提供关键的营养。故选C。 【43题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些超加工食品的最大好处之一是增强微量营养素。A. awards奖，奖品；B. benefits利益，好处；C. concerns涉及，与……相关；D. harvests收获，收割。根据“Earlier this year, O’Connor and her colleagues showed that, of 1,140 children aged between 6 and 23 months old in the US, 75 per cent of their iron intake and 48 per cent of their zinc intake, on average, came from foods considered ultra-processed by NOVA.(今年早些时候，奥康纳和她的同事们发现，在美国1140名6至23个月大的儿童中，平均75%的铁摄入量和48%的锌摄入量来自NOVA认为是超加工的食物。)”可知，一些超加工食品的最大好处之一是增强微量营养素。故选B。 【44题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着对避免超加工食品的全面指导可能会导致营养缺乏，而超加工食品可以构成健康饮食的一部分。A. absorption吸收；B. deficiencies缺乏，不足；C. intake摄入，吸入；D. supplies 物资；供应品。根据上文“One of the biggest____13____of some ultra-processed foods is strengthening micronutrients,(一些超加工食品的最大好处之一是增强微量营养素)”可知，避免超加工食品的全面指导可能会导致营养缺乏，而超加工食品可以构成健康饮食的一部分。故选B。 【45题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们必须非常注意这一点，因为我们不想小看任何食物。A. ashamed 感到羞愧；B. confident自信的，充满信心的；C. mindful留心的；D. tolerant 宽容的，容忍的。根据上文“There is still a lot that we don’t know about ultra-processed foods, (关于超加工食品，我们还有很多不了解的地方)”可知，关于超加工食品，我们还有很多不了解的地方，因此，我们必须非常注意这一点。故选C。 Section B (22’) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. I was putting on my boots just now in what the novelists call “a brown study.” There was no urgent reason for putting on my boots. I was not going out, and my slippers were much more comfortable. But something had to be done. I wanted a subject for an article. Now if you are accustomed to writing articles for a living, you will know that sometimes the difficulty is not writing the article, but choosing a subject. It is not poverty you suffer from, but an embarrassment of riches. But what has this to do with putting on my boots? It is a reasonable question and I will tell you. For an hour I had paced my room in my slippers in search of a subject. I had looked out of the window over the sunlit valley, and watched the smoke of a distant train disappearing towards the west. I had sharpened every pencil I had on me with great care. But the more I sharpened my pencils, the more anxious I grew about the theme for an article. It was at this moment that I remembered my boots. The act of bending my body changed the current of the blood. You saw things in a new light. So I fetched my boots and sat down to put them on. The thing worked like a charm. For in my preoccupied condition I picked up my right boot first. Then mechanically I put it down and seized the left boot. And then the fact flashed on me that all my life I had been putting on my left boot first. If you had asked me five minutes before which boot I put on first, I should have said that there was no first about it; yet now I found I was in a habit so fixed that the attempt to put on my right boot first affected me. The thing couldn’t be done. And then came into my mind that fascinating book of Samuel Butler’s on Life and Habit. Yes, certainly, here was a subject that would “go.” I took out a pencil, seized some writing paper, and sat down to write on “The Force of Habit.” 46. By “It is not poverty you suffer from, but an embarrassment of riches.” in paragraph 1, the author means _____. A. some subjects are too complicated or embarrassing to write on B. poverty is no longer a problem nowadays, but embarrassment is C. poor people don’t encounter as many embarrassments as the rich D. there’re so many subjects that it’s hard to decide which to choose 47. Why did the author sharpen his pencils with great care? A. To help himself promote thinking. B. To draw what he saw out of the window. C. To write his article more smoothly. D. To relieve himself of anxiety about writing. 48. Putting on the boots helped the author _____. A. get rid of his fixed habit B. lower his blood pressure C. see things from a new angle D. free his preoccupied mind 49. The passage is mainly about the author’s _____. A. personal attitude towards habits B. daily routines as a professional writer C. writing process of a special article D. decision making on the theme for an article 【答案】46. D 47. A 48. C 49. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次写作时遇到了选题困难，正当作者焦头烂额时，作者的无意之举给了他灵感，帮助他找到了文章主题。 【46题详解】 句意猜测题。联系这句话的上一句“Now if you are accustomed to writing articles for a living, you will know that sometimes the difficulty is not writing the article, but choosing a subject.(现在，如果你已经习惯了以写文章为生，你就会知道，有时困难并不在于写文章，而在于选主题。)”可知，作者认为写文章远远没有选择主题困难。由此判断，这句话的意思指的是主题太多太难选择。故选D。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“For an hour I had paced my room in my slippers in search of a subject. I had looked out of the window over the sunlit valley, and watched the smoke of a distant train disappearing towards the west. I had sharpened every pencil I had on me with great care.(为了找一个话题，我穿着拖鞋在房间里踱了一个小时。我望着窗外阳光普照的山谷，看着远处火车的烟雾向西消失。我小心翼翼地削好了随身携带的每一支铅笔。)”可知，作者小心翼翼地削好了随身携带的每一支铅笔是为了提升思维，找到一个话题。故选A。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“You saw things in a new light. So I fetched my boots and sat down to put them on.(你从新的角度看问题。于是我把靴子拿来，坐下来穿上。)”以及第四段“The thing worked like a charm. For in my preoccupied condition I picked up my right boot first. Then mechanically I put it down and seized the left boot. And then the fact flashed on me that all my life I had been putting on my left boot first. If you had asked me five minutes before which boot I put on first, I should have said that there was no first about it; yet now I found I was in a habit so fixed that the attempt to put on my right boot first affected me.(这东西很管用。因为在我全神贯注的情况下，我先拿起了我的右靴子。然后我机械地把它放下，抓起左边的靴子。这时我突然想到，我这一辈子都是先穿左边的靴子。如果你在五分钟前问我先穿哪只靴子，我就会说没有先穿这回事;然而现在我发现我已经养成了一个固定的习惯，以至于先试着穿上右边的靴子都会影响到我。)”可知，穿靴子这件事帮助作者从其他角度看待问题，给了作者灵感。故选C。 【49题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“There was no urgent reason for putting on my boots. I was not going out, and my slippers were much more comfortable. But something had to be done. I wanted a subject for an article. Now if you are accustomed to writing articles for a living, you will know that sometimes the difficulty is not writing the article, but choosing a subject.(没有什么紧急的理由让我穿上靴子。我不出去，我的拖鞋舒服多了。但是必须做点什么。我想找个文章的题目。现在，如果你已经习惯了以写文章为生，你就会知道，有时困难并不在于写文章，而在于选题目。)”可知，作者苦于找不到文章的主题；以及最后一段“And then came into my mind that fascinating book of Samuel Butler’s on Life and Habit. Yes, certainly, here was a subject that would “go.” I took out a pencil, seized some writing paper, and sat down to write on “The Force of Habit.”(然后，我想起了塞缪尔·巴特勒那本关于生活和习惯的迷人的书。是的，当然，这是一个可以“走”的主题。我拿出一支铅笔，抓起几张信纸，坐下来开始写“习惯的力量”)”可知，作者穿靴子时有了灵感，从而确定了文章的主题。故选D。 2018 Fudan University Chinese Language Program for International Students (Spring Semester Intake) ABOUT INTERNATIONAL CULTUTRAL EXCHANGE SCHOOL, ICES, FUDAN UNIV. International Cultural Exchange School, ICES, is the institution specialized in providing Chinese language and culture programs for international students in Fudan University. ICES is appointed to be one of the first four bases of Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages in China. We accept international students for long term and short term language programs, general advanced and other tailor-made programs. ICES also provide degree programs for undergraduates majoring in Chinese Language & Culture and Business Chinese, and for Master candidates majoring in Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages. MAIN COURSES The main courses include intensive reading, extensive reading, listening, speaking and writing. Optional courses including Pronunciation, Shanghai Dialect, Chinese Movie, Chinese sayings and proverbs, etc. are also provided. Special Character Writing class is set up for overseas Chinese origin students. There will be about 20 class hours per week for each level. ★Optional course could be different every year. ABOUT CHINESE PROFICIENCYTEST,HSK & BUSINESS CHINESE TEST,BCT Chinese Proficiency Test, HSK and Business Chinese Test, BCT are national examinations held by HANBAN, Confucius Institute Headquarters, which are widely recognized internationally. ICES is authorized test centers for both tests. ICES holds HSK tests 5 times in a year, for detailed schedule please call +86-21-65642256. APPLYING Study Period: Ranges from half-year to two years. The spring semester runs from February to July, and the autumn semester from September to January. ★Final tuition criteria are subject to enrolment pricing announced by Financial Office of Fudan. Application Requirements: Applicant must be a citizen of a foreign country between 18 and 60 years of age, in good mental and physical health. Application periods: 1. Applications begin on October 8. Deadline of submitting application materials is December 10. 2. Autumn Semester: Applications begin on March 14. Deadline of submitting application materials is June 10. How to Apply: 1. Log on to http://iso.fudan.edu.cn, and enter University’s Online Application System through E-Application. 2. The online application procedure is as follows: Registering and activating account → Filling in application → Submitting application → Paying application fee on Online Application System → Waiting for application result. The Program Duration are as follows: 2018 Spring Semester, one semester Program: Duration of Major Study (From): 2018-02-26, (To): 2018-07-07 Contact Information: Room 909, East Main, GuangHua Building, International Cultural Exchange School, Fudan University 220 Han Dan Road, Shanghai 200433, China Tel: +86-21-65643652 Fax: +86-21-55664859 E-mail: yuyansheng@fudan.edu.cn http://www.ices.fudan.edu.cn http://iso.fudan.edu.cn, APPLICATION FEES AND MATERIALS ARE NON-RETURNABLE. 50. Which is a compulsory course in the program? A. Character writing. B. Speaking. C Chinese sayings. D. Chinese culture. 51. According to the passage, which statement is true about the program? A. An applicant can’t be aware of the application result before he or she finishes the payment. B. ICES is the fourth great base of Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages in China. C. The payment for application is refundable. D. You can call +86-21-65643652 for further information about the timetable of HSK tests. 52. Who might be a qualified applicant? A. Daisy, 17 years old, American, interested in Chinese, passed the BCT. B. Yuan, 23 years old, Chinese, have Internet access till the end of December. C. Fiamma, 27 years old, New Zealander, failed in last HSK test. D. Zoe, 24 years old, Indonesian, no Internet access until the end of December. 【答案】50. B 51. A 52. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了复旦大学国际交流学院，以及此机构为国际学生提供的汉语和中国文化课程情况。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“The main courses include intensive reading, extensive reading, listening, speaking and writing. (主要课程包括精读、泛读、听、说、写)”可知，该课程的必修课为“精读、泛读、听、说、写”。故选B。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据How to apply标题下“The online application procedure is as follows:Registering and activating account → Filling in application → Submitting application → Paying application fee on Online Application System → Waiting for application result. (注册激活账号→填写申请→提交申请→在线申请系统缴纳申请费→等待申请结果)”可知，根据申请流程，付款之后，等待结果。因此，是完成付款之后才知道结果。故选A。 【52题详解】 推理判断题。根据APPLYING标题下“Application Requirements: Applicant must be a citizen of a foreign country between 18 and 60 years of age, in good mental and physical health. (申请条件:申请人必须为18岁至60岁的外国公民，身心健康)”以及How to Apply 标题下“Log on to http://iso.fudan.edu.cn, and enter University’s Online Application System through E-Application. (登录http://iso.fudan.edu.cn，进入学校网上申请系统)”可知，申请人必须是外国公民，以及需要网络登录申请系统。又根据ABOUT CHINESE PROFICIENCYTEST,HSK & BUSINESS CHINESE TEST,BCT “ICES is authorized test centers for both tests. (国际考试中心是这两项考试的授权考试中心)”可知，复旦国际交流学院是HSK和BCT两项考试的考试中心。因此未通过这两项考试的才能申请。故选C。 Was your school noisy or peaceful? It might not seem important, but a growing body of research suggests that sounds can have an impact on learning, performance and creativity. Whether background sounds are beneficial or not seems to depend on what kind of noise it is—and the volume. In a series of studies published last year, Ravi Mehta from the College of Business at Illinois and his colleagues tested people's creativity while exposed to a soundtrack made up of background noises—such as coffee-shop chatter and construction-site drilling—at different volumes. They found that people were more creative when the background noises were played at a medium level than when volume was low. Loud background noise, however, damaged their creativity. This makes sense for a couple of reasons says psychologist Dr Nick Perham, at Cardiff Metropolitan University in the UK, who studies the effect of sounds on learning but was not involved in the study. Firstly, he says, sounds that are most disturbing tend to be very variable. A general hum(嗡嗡声)in the background suggests a steady-state sound with not much variation. "So there's not much there to capture your attention- nothing disturbing the subjects," he says. At the same time, the background noise might cause the subjects to be in a slightly heightened state of arousal(觉醒), says Perham. "Medium arousal is best for good performance. So it might be that a general hum in the background gives an ideal level of arousal. " With that in mind, Perham suggests there may be some benefits to playing music or other sounds in an art class or other situations where creativity is key. Many teachers all over the world already play music to students in class. Many are inspired by the belief that hearing music can improve IQ in tasks, the so-called Mozart effect. While the evidence actually suggests it's a stretch to say classical music improves brainpower, researchers do think pleasant sounds before a task can sometimes lift your mood and help you perform well, says Perham, who has done his own studies on the phenomenon. The key appears to be that you enjoy what you're hearing. "If you like the music or you like the sound—even listening to a Stephen King novel -then you did better. It didn't matter about the music," he says. 53. Which of the following is true according to the studies by Ravi Mehta and Nick Perham? A. It's better not to expose people to any background noise while at work. B. Construction-site drilling should be forbidden where there is a school. C. Noises will harm people's health however low their volumes are. D. A certain level of noise may do good to people's creativity. 54. According to Dr Nick Perham, it can be inferred that in an art class, teachers had better________. A. keep the classroom quiet B. play music at a steady and medium volume C. broadcast classical music D. vary the volume of the music constantly 55. In the last paragraph, the underlined part "it's a stretch" is used to________. A. prove the usefulness of pleasing sounds B. confirm the belief of Mozart effect C. challenge the importance of soft music D. cast doubt on the power of music in raising IQ 56. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage? A. Learning Power: Noise and Music Work B. Noise Meeting Music: A Blessing? C. Noise or Music: Creativity in Danger D. Brainpower: More Music and Less Noise 【答案】53. D 54. B 55. D 56. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了声音可以对学习，表现力和创造力产生影响，主要讲述噪音和创造力的关系。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They found that people were more creative when the background noises were played at a medium level than when volume was low.”（他们发现，当背景噪音处于中等水平时，人们比音量较低时更有创造力。）可知，一定程度的噪音可能对人们的创造力有好处。故选D。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Medium arousal is best for good performance.”（佩姆说中等程度的唤醒是最好的表现。）及“With that in mind, Perham suggests there may be some benefits to playing music or other sounds in an art class or other situations where creativity is key.”（考虑到这一点，佩姆建议，在艺术课或其他创造力是关键的情况下，播放音乐或其他声音可能有一些好处。）可以推知，在艺术课上老师播放音乐或其他声音可能有一些好处。故选B。 【55题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线部分的前一句“Many are inspired by the belief that hearing music can improve IQ in tasks, the so-called Mozart effect. ”（许多人的灵感来自于这样一种信念∶听音乐可以提高任务智商， 即所谓的莫扎特效应），同时结合划线处后“researchers do think pleasant sounds before a task can sometimes lift your mood and help you perform well”（但研究人员确实认为，在完成任务前发出悦耳的声音有时能提升你的情绪，帮助你表现出色）可以推知，划线部分所在句子的意思为“尽管这个证据表明怀疑音乐在提高智商方面的力量”，即划线部分意为“怀疑音乐在提高智商方面的力量”。故选D。 【56题详解】 主旨大意题。通过第一段“Was your school noisy or peaceful?It might not seem important, but a growing body of research suggests that sounds can have an impact on learning, performance and creativity.”（你的学校是嘈杂的还是平静的 ?这似乎不重要，但越来越多的研究表明，声音可以对学习、表现和创造力产生影响）；第三段中“Medium arousal is best for good performance.So it might be ...where creativity is key.”（中等唤醒是最好的表现。 因此， 可能是背景中的一般嗡喻嗡声给出了理想的唤醒水平，考虑到这—点，佩姆建议，在艺术课或其他创造性是关键的情况下，演奏音乐或其他声音可能有—些好处。） 可知，本文讲述的是噪音与音乐创作之间的联系。“音乐碰上噪音，会带来好处吗？”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。 Section C (8’) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Exercise for a Better Brain Most of the time, your brain is the boss of your muscles — directing how you hit a ball, play the piano, or open a cereal box. ____57____ When you’re active, they send chemical signals telling your brain, “Hey, it’s time to grow!” Recent research suggests physical activity has multiple brain benefits, encouraging the birth and growth of new brain cells that supply oxygen and blood sugar to brain cells. In a 2016 National Institute on Aging study, people who ran on a treadmill for 45 minutes three days a week boosted their levels of brain-derived neurotrophic (神经营养的) factor, a chemical that acts like fertilizer for new brain cells. ____58____ Without exercise, Suzuki says, “little baby neurons don’t get bigger and make thousands of new connections to other brain cells. With exercise, you get fully functioning adult brain cells.” Studies suggest that in younger adults, this can add to the overall number of cells in the hippocampus (海马体). ____59____ It’s a good deal. “There’s evidence these new brain cells are very active,” she says. “They’re excitable, like teenagers. They get involved in more memory circuits than older cells do. You get more connections.’ ____60____ If you’re inactive, a stroll around the block may be all it takes to encourage neuroplasticity, she says. And every bit counts. In a 2019 Boston University study of 2354 adults in their 40s through 60s, sedentary people who boosted their daily walking by 7500 steps or more had bigger brains than those who didn’t exercise equivalent to 1.4 to 2.2 fewer years of brain aging, the more light activity study participants logged, such as doing housework, shopping, gardening, or walking the dog, the greater the overall size of their brains. A. And once age-related brain changes begin, starting in our 30s, exercise helps keep brain cells alive longer and replaces old cells with new ones. B. Tips have been offered as to how to do exercise. C. After four months of workouts, their scores improved on a memory test. D. Besides, studies also suggest that dying cells and brain wastes can be cleared with enough exercise on a regular basis. E. But when it comes to growing new brain cells, more and more research shows that when you exercise, your muscles take charge. F. Again, a little goes a long way. 【答案】57. E 58. C 59. A 60. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了运动对大脑的益处，如促进新脑细胞的生长、提高记忆力、延缓大脑衰老等，还指出少量运动也有很大作用。 【57题详解】 上文“Most of the time, your brain is the boss of your muscles — directing how you hit a ball, play the piano, or open a cereal box. (大多数时候，你的大脑是肌肉的“老板”——指挥你如何击球、弹钢琴或打开麦片盒) ”说明大脑对肌肉的支配作用。E选项“But when it comes to growing new brain cells, more and more research shows that when you exercise, your muscles take charge. (但当涉及到生长新的脑细胞时，越来越多的研究表明，当你运动时，你的肌肉起主导作用)”与上文形成转折，引出下文关于运动时肌肉对大脑细胞生长的影响，上下文语意衔接自然。故选E项。 【58题详解】 上文“In a 2016 National Institute on Aging study, people who ran on a treadmill for 45 minutes three days a week boosted their levels of brain-derived neurotrophic (神经营养的) factor, a chemical that acts like fertilizer for new brain cells. (在2016年国家老龄问题研究所的一项研究中，那些每周三天在跑步机上跑45分钟的人提高了他们大脑衍生神经营养因子的水平，这种化学物质就像新脑细胞的肥料)”说明运动对大脑神经营养因子的积极影响。C选项“After four months of workouts, their scores improved on a memory test.(经过四个月的锻炼，他们在记忆力测试中的分数提高了) ”进一步说明了运动带来的好处，即提高记忆力，与上文的研究结果相呼应。故选C项。 59题详解】 上文“Studies suggest that in younger adults, this can add to the overall number of cells in the hippocampus (海马体).(研究表明，在年轻人中，这可以增加海马体中的细胞总数)”说明运动对年轻人海马体细胞数量的积极影响。A选项“And once age related brain changes begin, starting in our 30s, exercise helps keep brain cells alive longer and replaces old cells with new ones.(一旦与年龄相关的大脑变化在我们30多岁开始出现，运动有助于让脑细胞存活更长时间，并用新细胞取代旧细胞)”则说明了运动在年龄增长过程中对大脑细胞的作用，与上文关于运动对年轻人大脑细胞的影响构成递进关系。故选A项。 【60题详解】 下文“If you’re inactive, a stroll around the block may be all it takes to encourage neuroplasticity, she says. And every bit counts. (她说，如果你不活跃，在街区周围散散步可能就足以促进神经可塑性。每一点运动都很重要) ”说明少量运动也有很大作用。F选项“Again, a little goes a long way.(同样，少量的运动也能产生很大的效果) ”能够概括下文的内容，引出下文关于少量运动益处的说明。故选F项。 III. Translation (3’+3’+4’+5’=15’) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 61. 你能说服他加入机器人社团吗?(convince) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________ 【答案】Can you convince him to join the robot club? 【解析】 【详解】考查动词及一般疑问句。句子为一般疑问句，主语“你”用第二人称代词you；谓语“说服”用动词convince；“他”作宾语，用宾格代词him；“加入机器人社团”用动词短语join the robot club ，因为convince sb. to do...是固定搭配，用动词不定式作宾语补足语；“能”用情态动词can，置于句首构成一般疑问句。综上，全句译为：Can you convince him to join the robot club? 62. 我突然意识到忘记交作业了。(dawn on) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________ 【答案】It dawned on me that I had forgotten to hand in my homework. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型、时态和非谓语动词。“It dawns/dawned on sb. that...”是固定句型，表示“某人突然意识到……”，根据语境，这里描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时态，即It dawned on sb. that...，表示“我意识到”，用宾格代词me作宾语；“忘记交作业了”是主语从句，，“忘记做某事”用动词短语forget to do sth.，描述过去之前发生的动作，应用过去完成时，“交作业”用动词短语hand in one’s homework，这里“我”的作业用my homework，用不定式短语to hand in my homework作宾语。综上，全句译为：It dawned on me that I had forgotten to hand in my homework. 63. 不管我们离家乡有多遥远，吃到从小就吃的家常菜总能触动我们的心弦。(identify) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________ 【答案】No matter how faraway we are from our hometown, eating the home-cooked dishes we’ve been eating since childhood can always make us identify with them. 【解析】 【详解】考查让步状语从句、固定短语和时态。“不管我们离家乡有多遥远”是让步状语从句，可用no matter how引导该从句，“遥远的”用faraway，从句主语“我们”用人称代词we，“离家乡”作地点状语，用介词短语from our hometown，一般现在时，译为no matter how faraway we are from our hometown；“吃到从小就吃的家常菜总能触动我们的心弦”是主句，identify with (和……有同感)，主语“吃到从小就吃的家常菜”用动名词短语“eating the home cooked dishes we’ve been eating since childhood表示，其中we’ve been eating since childhood是定语从句（关系代词that/which替代先行词the home cooked dishes在从句中作宾语，可省略关系代词）作后置定语，用现在完成进行时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，“总能”用情态动词和副词can always表示，谓语部分“触动我们的心弦”可理解为“让我们与之产生共鸣”，“让我们”用使役动词make和宾语us表示，情态动词后谓语动词make用原形，“与之产生共鸣”用动词短语identify with them表示。综上，全句译为：No matter how faraway we are from our hometown, eating the home-cooked dishes we’ve been eating since childhood can always make us identify with them. 64. 尽管第一次试验失败了，科学家们没有灰心丧气，而是决定从头开始，重新设计整个方案。(start over) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________ 【答案】Although the first experiment failed, the scientists didn’t lose heart. Instead, they decided to start over and redesign the whole plan. 【解析】 【详解】考查让步状语从句、并列结构、时态和固定短语。“尽管第一次试验失败了”可使用让步状语从句“although the first experiment failed”，其中从属连词although意为“尽管”，句中讲述过去的事情，使用一般过去时态；“科学家们没有灰心丧气”是主句，主语“科学家们”用the scientists，“没有灰心丧气”作谓语，用否定结构didn’t lose heart，讲述过去的事情，使用一般过去时态；“而是决定从头开始，重新设计整个方案”可处理为独立的句子，“而是”用副词instead，句中补充主语they，指代前面的“科学家们”，“决定做某事”用decide to do sth.，讲述过去的事情，谓语动词decide使用一般过去时态decided，“从头开始”和“重新设计整个方案”分别用动词短语start over和redesign the whole plan，用并列连词and连接，用不定式形式作宾语。根据语境，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。综上，全句译为：Although the first experiment failed, the scientists didn’t lose heart. Instead, they decided to start over and redesign the whole plan. IV. Guided Writing (25’) 65. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 学校开设的生涯规划相关课程引起了同学之间的激烈讨论，有的同学表示该课程非常有实际意义，有的同学则认为没有必要。你对此有何看法?你的文章内容须包括： 1.你对生涯规划相关课程的看法； 2.你的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The career planning course that are offered by our school has sparked heated debates among students. Some find it highly practical, while others deem it unnecessary. As far as I am concerned, such a course is of great significance. Firstly, career planning helps students gain a clearer understanding of their interests, strengths, and potential career paths. By exploring various professions, we can make more informed decisions about our future. Secondly, it equips us with essential skills like resume writing and interview techniques, which are invaluable in the job market. Lastly, in a rapidly changing world, early career planning fosters adaptability and prepares us for unforeseen challenges. In conclusion, the career planning course is not just beneficial but essential for our personal and professional growth. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生介绍自己对生涯规划相关课程的看法，并说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 提供：offer → provide 就我而言：as far as I am concerned →from my perspective of view 获得：gain → attain 各种各样的：various → varieties of 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：Firstly, career planning helps students gain a clearer understanding of their interests, strengths, and potential career paths. 拓展句：Firstly, it is career planning that helps students gain a clearer understanding of their interests, strengths, and potential career paths. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The career planning course that are offered by our school has sparked heated debates among students. (运用了that引导的限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】Secondly, it equips us with essential skills like resume writing and interview techniques, which are invaluable in the job market.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 上海市崇明中学2024学年第二学期期中考试 高一 英语 （满分115分，答题时间105分钟） I. Grammar and Vocabulary (30’) Section A (10’) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Hua Luogeng: Genius Comes from Accumulation Despite only having a high school qualification, the former Professor and Mathematician Hua Luogeng published more than 200 papers, monographs and dozens of popular works in the field of mathematical research. People often say that he is a mathematical genius, ____1____ Hua believes that “Genius comes from accumulation, and intelligence comes from diligence.” After graduating from junior high school, Hua, who came from a poor family, began a life of part-time work and study. He spent five years ____2____ (complete) all high school and university coursework in mathematics. In 1931, his publication caught the attention and gained much praise from Tsinghua Professor Xiong Qinglai. He was subsequently, transferred to the Department of Mathematics to work as an assistant. Surrounded by talents, Hua made a promise to himself. “I ____3____ (make) extraordinary efforts to achieve my own goals!” “They have received ____4____ (great) education than me so I must double my efforts in order to make up for the losses. So it people only work for 8 hours every day, I need to work 12 hours every day!” Not only was Hua hardworking in his research and development, he also held great love for his country. After the founding of New China, Hua gave up his work overseas ____5____ (teach) at Tsinghua. In Hong Kong, he wrote “An open letter to all the Chinese students who studied abroad in America” from which he advocated the need to return home. “We ____6____ return for our ideals and return home for our country and people.” Hua Luogeng has made outstanding contributions to the training of new Chinese mathematicians. He was very strict with young researchers. Every day at dawn, Hua Luogeng would go to the researchers’ dormitory and knock on their doors to start his discussion on the questions and findings ____7____ (raise) during the lectures. It is under such strictness ____8____ many of his students grew and created a new talent pool of Chinese mathematicians, some of ____9____ are Wan Zhexian, Lu Qikeng, Wang Yuan, Chen Jingrun and much more. In 1985, Hua Luogeng went to give lectures in Japan and he fainted on the teaching podium due to exhaustion. He worked until the last minute of his life. ____10____ said in a poem for him, “A general dies on the battlefield and a scholar dies in his study room. You have dedicated your entire life to academics and research and you have given your life to science.” Section B (10’) Directions: After reading the sentences below, fill in the blanks with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. adjust B. become of C. cure D. apply E. identify F. lived through G. remark H. turns out I. issue J. overwhelming K. in honor of 11. The police used fingerprints to ________ the suspect, which proved crucial in solving the case. 12. Although modern medicine has advanced greatly, there’s still no effective ________ for some rare diseases. 13. The small village celebration ________ to be the most memorable cultural event of the year. 14. Facing ________ pressure from final exams many students developed effective stress management techniques. 15. “What will ________ the abandoned puppies?” the animal lover asked anxiously. 16. Astronauts need months to ________ their biological clocks when traveling through different time zones. 17. The monument was built ________ the heroes who sacrificed their lives during the war. 18. The government is holding a press conference to address the environmental ________ tomorrow. 19. Students should ________ these grammar rules to various real-life communication scenarios. 20. The elderly woman often shares stories about how she ________ the Second World War as a child. Section C (10’) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. serve B. shape C. sharing D. released E. spread F. willingly G. questioned H. separately I. practice J. preparing K.creating Communal Eating? In China communal eating (合餐共食) is considered very important for forming a close relationship. In the memories of most Chinese, one of the happiest moments in their lives was seated around a table with families or friends, ____21____ dishes and chatting over wine. In the campaign against the COVID-19 outbreak, this dining tradition has been greatly ____22____. Since each diner picks food out of the communal plates on a bite-by-bite basis with their chopsticks, the virus can be transferred from saliva (唾液) to chopsticks to the dish. What’s worse, diners often ____23____ others with their own utensils, such as chopsticks or spoons, to express friendliness and care. Several cases of coronavirus are thought to have ____24____ through families when sharing food during the Chinese New Year period. Communal eating has thus become a target of both governments and restaurants. Posters have been ____25____ by local governments to encourage people to use serving utensils. Concerned about customers being very careful about returning to restaurants, the catering industry (餐饮业) has ____26____ joined the campaign. For example, many restaurants, once allowed to reopen, have immediately sprung into action, particularly offering set meals for one single person. These changes are likely to continue and could be encouraged by local regulations, as eating together ____27____ can always protect the public health. The measures will ____28____ the traditional mealtime manners. The move away from a traditional cultural ____29____ is ongoing. But as an expert said, “In modern times to eat individually may lose some tradition, but it can also mean more opportunities for ______30______ something new in Chinese food and eating habits.” II. Reading Comprehension (45’) Section A (15’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Common dietary advice encourages us to eat whole food and avoid processed ones. But there is no clear understanding of what makes a food ultra-processed or how these foods affect our health. Broadly labeling ultra-processed foods as bad could not only lead us to ____31____other potential factors contributing to obesity, but may create a new set of unconscious health consequences. For decades, public health experts have raised the alarm about ultra-processed foods, blaming them for ____32____increases in obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Already, two countries-Canada and Brazil have advice on____33____ultra-processed foods in their national dietary guidelines. More countries, including the US and Australia, are debating whether to____34____their practice. However, there are too many unknowns to justify such sweeping____35____,according to nutrition researchers at a conference hosted by the American Society for Nutrition in Boston on 23 July. Although it is often repeated that ultra-processed foods are bad for us, there is no universal____36____of such products. The most widely used description is based on the NOVA food classification system, which says a food is ultra-processed if it uses____37____,often derived from other foods, to “imitate or enhance the sensory qualities of foods or to disguise unpalatable (难吃的) aspects of the final product＂. NOVA also states that “a multitude of sequences or____38____is used to combine the usually many ingredients" and these processes can’t be done at home. This definition is ____39____and unclear, says Lauren O’Connor at the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), who participated in the panel. As such, it can be difficult to_____40_____foods according to the NOVA system. What’s more, it is hard to be sure how-or if-ultra-processed foods are harmful to health. Mixing foods together like this also make people_____41_____to capture the small impacts some of them have on health. Research shows that foods often categorized as ultra-processed ones can contribute key_____42_____to people’s diets. Earlier this year, O’Connor and her colleagues showed that, of 1,140 children aged between 6 and 23 months old in the US, 75 per cent of their iron intake and 48 per cent of their zinc intake, on average, came from foods considered ultra-processed by NOVA. “One of the biggest_____43_____of some ultra-processed foods is strengthening micronutrients,” says O’Connor. This means blanket guidance to avoid ultra-processed foods could lead to nutrient_____44_____and that ultra-processed food can form part of a healthy diet. “There is still a lot that we don’t know about ultra-processed foods,” says O’Connor. “We have to be really_____45_____of that because we don’t want to look down upon any foods. 31. A. criticize B. analyze C. consider D. overlook 32. A. global B. national C. obvious D. various 33. A. adding B. avoiding C. banning D. improving 34. A. follow B. update C. assess D. release 35. A. campaigns B. commands C. regulations D. recommendations 36. A. announcement B. acknowledge C. definition D. recognition 37. A. elements B. substances C. materials D. ingredients 38. A. arrangements B. criteria - C. processes D. standards 39. A. scientific B. broad C. comprehensive D. elaborate 40. A. classify B. purchase C. prepare D. store 41. A. attempt B. fail C. prefer D. strive 42. A. appetites B. components C. nutrients D. varieties 43. A. awards B. benefits C. concerns D. harvests 44. A. absorption B. deficiencies C. intake D. supplies 45. A. ashamed B. confident C. mindful D. tolerant Section B (22’) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. I was putting on my boots just now in what the novelists call “a brown study.” There was no urgent reason for putting on my boots. I was not going out, and my slippers were much more comfortable. But something had to be done. I wanted a subject for an article. Now if you are accustomed to writing articles for a living, you will know that sometimes the difficulty is not writing the article, but choosing a subject. It is not poverty you suffer from, but an embarrassment of riches. But what has this to do with putting on my boots? It is a reasonable question and I will tell you. For an hour I had paced my room in my slippers in search of a subject. I had looked out of the window over the sunlit valley, and watched the smoke of a distant train disappearing towards the west. I had sharpened every pencil I had on me with great care. But the more I sharpened my pencils, the more anxious I grew about the theme for an article. It was at this moment that I remembered my boots. The act of bending my body changed the current of the blood. You saw things in a new light. So I fetched my boots and sat down to put them on. The thing worked like a charm. For in my preoccupied condition I picked up my right boot first. Then mechanically I put it down and seized the left boot. And then the fact flashed on me that all my life I had been putting on my left boot first. If you had asked me five minutes before which boot I put on first, I should have said that there was no first about it; yet now I found I was in a habit so fixed that the attempt to put on my right boot first affected me. The thing couldn’t be done. And then came into my mind that fascinating book of Samuel Butler’s on Life and Habit. Yes, certainly, here was a subject that would “go.” I took out a pencil, seized some writing paper, and sat down to write on “The Force of Habit.” 46. By “It is not poverty you suffer from, but an embarrassment of riches.” in paragraph 1, the author means _____. A. some subjects are too complicated or embarrassing to write on B. poverty is no longer a problem nowadays but embarrassment is C. poor people don’t encounter as many embarrassments as the rich D. there’re so many subjects that it’s hard to decide which to choose 47. Why did the author sharpen his pencils with great care? A. To help himself promote thinking. B. To draw what he saw out of the window. C. To write his article more smoothly. D. To relieve himself of anxiety about writing. 48. Putting on the boots helped the author _____. A. get rid of his fixed habit B. lower his blood pressure C. see things from a new angle D. free his preoccupied mind 49. The passage is mainly about the author’s _____. A. personal attitude towards habits B. daily routines as a professional writer C. writing process of a special article D. decision making on the theme for an article 2018 Fudan University Chinese Language Program for International Students (Spring Semester Intake) ABOUT INTERNATIONAL CULTUTRAL EXCHANGE SCHOOL, ICES, FUDAN UNIV. International Cultural Exchange School, ICES, is the institution specialized in providing Chinese language and culture programs for international students in Fudan University. ICES is appointed to be one of the first four bases of Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages in China. We accept international students for long term and short term language programs, general advanced and other tailor-made programs. ICES also provide degree programs for undergraduates majoring in Chinese Language & Culture and Business Chinese, and for Master candidates majoring in Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages. MAIN COURSES The main courses include intensive reading, extensive reading, listening, speaking and writing. Optional courses including Pronunciation, Shanghai Dialect, Chinese Movie, Chinese sayings and proverbs, etc. are also provided. Special Character Writing class is set up for overseas Chinese origin students. There will be about 20 class hours per week for each level. ★Optional course could be different every year. ABOUT CHINESE PROFICIENCYTEST,HSK & BUSINESS CHINESE TEST,BCT Chinese Proficiency Test, HSK and Business Chinese Test, BCT are national examinations held by HANBAN, Confucius Institute Headquarters, which are widely recognized internationally. ICES is authorized test centers for both tests. ICES holds HSK tests 5 times in a year, for detailed schedule please call +86-21-65642256. APPLYING Study Period: Ranges from half-year to two years. The spring semester runs from February to July, and the autumn semester from September to January. ★Final tuition criteria are subject to enrolment pricing announced by Financial Office of Fudan. Application Requirements: Applicant must be a citizen of a foreign country between 18 and 60 years of age, in good mental and physical health. Application periods: 1. Applications begin on October 8. Deadline of submitting application materials is December 10. 2. Autumn Semester: Applications begin on March 14. Deadline of submitting application materials is June 10. How to Apply: 1. Log on to http://iso.fudan.edu.cn, and enter University’s Online Application System through E-Application. 2 The online application procedure is as follows: Registering and activating account → Filling in application → Submitting application → Paying application fee on Online Application System → Waiting for application result. The Program Duration are as follows: 2018 Spring Semester, one semester Program: Duration of Major Study (From): 2018-02-26, (To): 2018-07-07 Contact Information: Room 909, East Main, GuangHua Building, International Cultural Exchange School, Fudan University 220 Han Dan Road Shanghai 200433, China Tel: +86-21-65643652 Fax: +86-21-55664859 E-mail: yuyansheng@fudan.edu.cn http://www.ices.fudan.edu.cn http://iso.fudan.edu.cn, APPLICATION FEES AND MATERIALS ARE NON-RETURNABLE. 50. Which is a compulsory course in the program? A. Character writing. B. Speaking. C. Chinese sayings. D. Chinese culture. 51. According to the passage, which statement is true about the program? A. An applicant can’t be aware of the application result before he or she finishes the payment. B. ICES is the fourth great base of Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages in China. C. The payment for application is refundable. D. You can call +86-21-65643652 for further information about the timetable of HSK tests. 52. Who might be a qualified applicant? A. Daisy, 17 years old, American, interested in Chinese, passed the BCT. B. Yuan, 23 years old, Chinese, have Internet access till the end of December. C. Fiamma, 27 years old, New Zealander, failed in last HSK test. D. Zoe, 24 years old, Indonesian, no Internet access until the end of December. Was your school noisy or peaceful? It might not seem important, but a growing body of research suggests that sounds can have an impact on learning, performance and creativity. Whether background sounds are beneficial or not seems to depend on what kind of noise it is—and the volume. In a series of studies published last year, Ravi Mehta from the College of Business at Illinois and his colleagues tested people's creativity while exposed to a soundtrack made up of background noises—such as coffee-shop chatter and construction-site drilling—at different volumes. They found that people were more creative when the background noises were played at a medium level than when volume was low. Loud background noise, however, damaged their creativity. This makes sense for a couple of reasons, says psychologist Dr Nick Perham, at Cardiff Metropolitan University in the UK, who studies the effect of sounds on learning but was not involved in the study. Firstly, he says, sounds that are most disturbing tend to be very variable. A general hum(嗡嗡声)in the background suggests a steady-state sound with not much variation. "So there's not much there to capture your attention- nothing disturbing the subjects," he says. At the same time, the background noise might cause the subjects to be in a slightly heightened state of arousal(觉醒), says Perham. "Medium arousal is best for good performance. So it might be that a general hum in the background gives an ideal level of arousal. " With that in mind, Perham suggests there may be some benefits to playing music or other sounds in an art class or other situations where creativity is key. Many teachers all over the world already play music to students in class. Many are inspired by the belief that hearing music can improve IQ in tasks, the so-called Mozart effect. While the evidence actually suggests it's a stretch to say classical music improves brainpower, researchers do think pleasant sounds before a task can sometimes lift your mood and help you perform well, says Perham, who has done his own studies on the phenomenon. The key appears to be that you enjoy what you're hearing. "If you like the music or you like the sound—even listening to a Stephen King novel -then you did better. It didn't matter about the music," he says. 53. Which of the following is true according to the studies by Ravi Mehta and Nick Perham? A. It's better not to expose people to any background noise while at work. B. Construction-site drilling should be forbidden where there is a school. C. Noises will harm people's health however low their volumes are. D. A certain level of noise may do good to people's creativity. 54. According to Dr Nick Perham, it can be inferred that in an art class, teachers had better________. A. keep the classroom quiet B. play music at a steady and medium volume C. broadcast classical music D. vary the volume of the music constantly 55. In the last paragraph, the underlined part "it's a stretch" is used to________. A. prove the usefulness of pleasing sounds B. confirm the belief of Mozart effect C. challenge the importance of soft music D. cast doubt on the power of music in raising IQ 56. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage? A. Learning Power: Noise and Music Work B. Noise Meeting Music: A Blessing? C. Noise or Music: Creativity in Danger D. Brainpower: More Music and Less Noise Section C (8’) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Exercise for a Better Brain Most of the time, your brain is the boss of your muscles — directing how you hit a ball, play the piano, or open a cereal box. ____57____ When you’re active, they send chemical signals telling your brain, “Hey, it’s time to grow!” Recent research suggests physical activity has multiple brain benefits, encouraging the birth and growth of new brain cells that supply oxygen and blood sugar to brain cells. In a 2016 National Institute on Aging study, people who ran on a treadmill for 45 minutes three days a week boosted their levels of brain-derived neurotrophic (神经营养的) factor, a chemical that acts like fertilizer for new brain cells. ____58____ Without exercise, Suzuki says, “little baby neurons don’t get bigger and make thousands of new connections to other brain cells. With exercise, you get fully functioning adult brain cells.” Studies suggest that in younger adults, this can add to the overall number of cells in the hippocampus (海马体). ____59____ It’s a good deal. “There’s evidence these new brain cells are very active,” she says. “They’re excitable, like teenagers. They get involved in more memory circuits than older cells do. You get more connections.’ ____60____ If you’re inactive, a stroll around the block may be all it takes to encourage neuroplasticity, she says. And every bit counts. In a 2019 Boston University study of 2354 adults in their 40s through 60s, sedentary people who boosted their daily walking by 7500 steps or more had bigger brains than those who didn’t exercise equivalent to 1.4 to 2.2 fewer years of brain aging, the more light activity study participants logged, such as doing housework, shopping, gardening, or walking the dog, the greater the overall size of their brains. A. And once age-related brain changes begin, starting in our 30s, exercise helps keep brain cells alive longer and replaces old cells with new ones. B. Tips have been offered as to how to do exercise. C. After four months of workouts, their scores improved on a memory test. D. Besides, studies also suggest that dying cells and brain wastes can be cleared with enough exercise on a regular basis. E. But when it comes to growing new brain cells, more and more research shows that when you exercise, your muscles take charge. F. Again, a little goes a long way. III. Translation (3’+3’+4’+5’=15’) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 61. 你能说服他加入机器人社团吗?(convince) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________ 62. 我突然意识到忘记交作业了。(dawn on) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________ 63. 不管我们离家乡有多遥远，吃到从小就吃的家常菜总能触动我们的心弦。(identify) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________ 64. 尽管第一次试验失败了，科学家们没有灰心丧气，而是决定从头开始，重新设计整个方案。(start over) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________ IV. Guided Writing (25’) 65. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 学校开设的生涯规划相关课程引起了同学之间的激烈讨论，有的同学表示该课程非常有实际意义，有的同学则认为没有必要。你对此有何看法?你的文章内容须包括： 1.你对生涯规划相关课程的看法； 2.你的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$