精品解析：湖南省长沙市明德中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期中考试英语试卷

明德中学2025年上学期期中考试 高二年级英语试卷 时量：120分钟 满分：150分 注意事项： 1. 答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。 2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 3. 非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 4. 考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。 第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Why does the boy mention Carol? A. She lost her timetable. B. She has the boy’s notebook. C. She is waiting for the boy. 2. What will the woman probably do with the postcard? A. Buy it. B. Sign it. C. Send it. 3. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a library. B. On the beach. C. At a concert. 4. What fruit does the boy eat in the morning? A. Apples. B. Bananas. C. Peaches. 5. What does the man dislike about the trip? A. Shopping. B. Tourist attractions. C. Means of transportation. 第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6 What is Jessica reading? A. Job ads. B. Sports news. C. Technology news. 7. What does the man suggest Jessica do? A. Work in an advertising agency. B. Study computer science. C. Check out a website. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. Why does Zack look tired? A. He stayed up watching a movie. B. He did experiments all night. C. He had a strange dream. 9. How does the woman feel about the movie? A. Frightened. B. Interested. C. Impressed. 听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。 10. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Friends. B. Coach and player. C. Interviewer and interviewee. 11. Why doesn’t the man do much exercise now? A. He isn’t into sports. B. He’s busy with his studies. C. The sports center moved away. 12. What does the woman think of swimming now? A. Boring. B. Difficult. C. Interesting. 13. What will the man do next? A. Go to school. B. Learn to swim. C. Play volleyball. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. Where are the speakers? A. In Canada. B. In Japan. C. In America. 15. Which place does the man invite the woman to go on Sunday? A. Stanley Park. B. The North Shore. C. Lions Gate Bridge. 16. What is Whistler famous for according to the man? A. A walkway. B. Magazines. C. Winter sports. 17. What do we know about the woman? A. She works for a magazine. B. She is good at skiing. C. She is a visitor. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. When will the parade begin? A. At 3: 00 p. m. B. At 2: 00 p. m. C. At 10: 00 a. m. 19. What will happen during the parade according to the speaker? A. Money will be raised for charities. B. The mayor will give a speech. C. Parks will be cleared up. 20. What are the scientists trying to do? A. Find the exact position of the giant butterfly. B. Do research on butterflies. C. Protect rare insects. 第二部分：阅读理解 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15个小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A June is around the corner, meaning summer is almost here! we’ve asked our book critics for some advice: What upcoming fiction and nonfiction are they most looking forward to reading? Here’s a look: Daughter of the Merciful Deep by Leslye Penelope I was hooked when I first saw the gorgeous cover for Daughter of the Merciful Deep by Leslye Penelope. But the novel’s premise put it at the top of my summer reading list. Penelope is known for unforgettable characters, world—building, beautiful writing and robust Storytelling. Her latest work, inspired by actual events —the drowned Black towns of the American South —promises a magical, mythical and powerful tale of a young woman’s quest to save her town. A historical fantasy must—read. (July 4)—Denny Bryce The Lucky Ones by Zara Chowdhary In 2002, two train carriages were set on fire in Gujarat, India. Within three weeks, more than 2, 000 Muslims were murdered in response by Hindu mobs. By the end of the year, more than 50, 000 Muslims became refugees in their own country. The Lucky Ones is a unique biography in English of this largest—ever massacre in independent India. It is also about a communal crisis bringing a fractured family together. A must—read in our warring world today. (July 16)—Jenny Bhatt Liars by Sarah Manguso I have long been a fan of Sarah Manguso’s crystalline prose, from her fragmented illness biography The Two Kinds of Decay to her tightly constrained 2022 novel Very Cold People. Her second novel, Liars, marries restraint with rage—in it, Manguso traces the full are of a 15-year relationship between Jane, a successful writer, and John, a dilettante artist—cum一 techie, in aphoristic vignettes. The result is a furious, propulsive meditation on wifehood, motherhood and artistic ambition. (July 23)—Kristen Martin 1. What is Penelope famous for? A. Using beautiful language. B. Focusing on actual events. C. Telling historical stories. D. Shaping perfect woman images. 2. Which of the following is a biography? A. Liars. B. The Lucky Ones. C. Daughter of the Merciful Deep. D. Very Cold People. 3. What do Daughter of the Merciful Deep and Liars have in common? A. They are set in the American South. B. Their writers are both women. C. They are both related to magic and myth. D. Their main characters are artists. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本篇为应用文。文章主要介绍由书评员推荐的即将上架的几本书籍。每本书的介绍包括书作者，推荐理由及上架时间等。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Penelope is known for unforgettable characters, world-building, beautiful writing and robust storytelling. (佩内洛普以令人难忘的人物、世界构建、优美的写作和强有力的故事讲述而闻名。)”可知，Penelope 因其令人难忘的角色，虚拟世界的构建，优美的文笔及有力的讲故事风格而出名。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The Lucky Ones is a unique biography in English of this largest-ever massacre in independent India. (《幸运者》是一本独特的英文传记，讲述了独立印度有史以来最大的大屠杀)”可知，The Lucky Ones 是一篇传记。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Her latest work, inspired by actual events —the drowned Black towns of the American South —promises a magical, mythical and powerful tale of a young woman’s quest to save her town. (她的最新作品受到实际事件的启发——美国南部被淹没的黑人城镇——讲述了一个神奇、神秘而强大的故事，讲述了一位年轻女子拯救自己城镇的故事。)”和第四段中的“Her second novel, Liars, marries restraint with rage—in it, Manguso traces the full are of a 15-year relationship between Jane, a successful writer, and John, a dilettante artist—cum 一  techie, in aphoristic vignettes. (她的第二部小说《说谎者》将克制与愤怒结合在一起——曼古索在小说中用警句式的小插曲描绘了成功作家简和业余艺术家兼技术专家约翰之间长达15年的关系。) ”中的“her”可知，这两本书的作者都是女性。故选B项。 B 15-year-old Jacob Grosberg walked the streets of down town on Saturday to try and help people dealing with health problems, especially mental issues. The Toronto teenager carried bags full of donated clothes and hygiene (卫生) products for people living on the streets or in shelters. Grosberg’s father once suffered a lot from depression and mental illness. After his death, Grosberg decided he wanted to help others dealing with the same problem. His solution was the Conan Fund, so-called after his father’s high school nickname for his strength and popularity. According to the fund’s website, the money raised is donated to charities, hospitals and organizations to make a chance and improve resources. It didn’t take long for people living in the shelter on Wellington Street in Liberty Village to come out to receive what Grosberg was offering. From bags of socks, to hats, gloves, jeans and winter jackets, the people were excited and appreciative of the generosity. Martuia Archibald, 30, had a huge smile on her face as she put on a winter jacket and turned up the collar. She didn’t have a winter jacket until Grosberg arrived, and was touched by the gesture. “It means that there are people out there that still consider that I need warm clothing as well,” she said. Grosberg’s mother said her son’s spirit and kindness motivated her. “He inspires me,” she said. “He shows me the way to move forward after his father is gone. He shows me the way to turn something terrible into something really positive.” That’s exactly what Grosberg is trying to achieve. “I think that doing this is not only inspiring more changes in myself, but hopefully can inspire a lot of others to do the exact same thing I’m doing,” Grosberg said. 4. What inspired Grosberg to set up the Conan Fund? A. His father’s suffering. B. His mother’s suggestion. C. The story of another teenager. D. The hope to cure mental illness. 5. What does the author want to show by mentioning Martuia Archibald? A. The change the Conan Fund brought to shelters. B. The most urgently needed supplies for the locals. C. The warmth needy people received from Grosberg. D. The greatest contribution Grosberg made to the world. 6. What can be inferred about Grosberg’s mother? A. She is a very optimistic person. B. She considers her son an inspiration. C. She co-founded the Conan Fund. D. She is always ready to lend a helping hand. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Inspiring People Around Oneself B. Seeing the Positive Side of Everything C. Becoming a Teenager with Great Confidence D. Turning a Struggle into a Charitable Movement 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了15岁的Jacob Grosberg为了帮助那些有健康问题，尤其是精神问题的人，他在街头分发捐赠的衣物和卫生用品，并设立了Conan Fund基金。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Grosberg’s father once suffered a lot from depression and mental illness. After his death, Grosberg decided he wanted to help others dealing with the same problem. His solution was the Conan Fund, so-called after his father’s high school nickname for his strength and popularity.”（Grosberg的父亲曾经因为抑郁症和精神疾病受苦。他去世后，Grosberg决定帮助其他有同样问题的人。他的解决方案是建立Conan Fund，这个名字来源于他父亲高中时的绰号，因为他的实力和知名度。）可知，是父亲的痛苦激发了Grosberg设立Conan Fund。故选A。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“She didn’t have a winter jacket until Grosberg arrived, and was touched by the gesture. “It means that there are people out there that still consider that I need warm clothing as well,” she said.”（直到Grosberg来了，她才有了一件冬季外套，她被这个举动感动了。‘这意味着还有人在考虑我也需要温暖的衣物，’她说。）可知，作者提到马Martuia Archibald是想要表达，需要帮助的人从Grosberg那里得到温暖。故选C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Grosberg’s mother said her son’s spirit and kindness motivated her. “He inspires me,” she said.”（Grosberg的母亲说，她儿子的精神和善良激励了她。‘他激励了我，’她说。）可知，Grosberg的母亲认为她的儿子是她的激励，故选B。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“I think that doing this is not only inspiring more changes in myself, but hopefully can inspire a lot of others to do the exact same thing I’m doing,” Grosberg said.”（格罗斯伯格说：‘我认为这样做不仅能激励我自己做出更多改变，而且希望能激励很多其他人做我正在做的事情。’）并结合Grosberg的经历可知，他在经历了父亲因病去世后，将艰难化作帮助他人的力量，创办Conan Fund去帮助有需要的人。D选项“把艰难变成慈善运动”能够概括本文主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选D。 C The road to a Nobel Prize, the most respected scientific award in the world, is growing ever longer, with almost half of winners now waiting more than 20 years from making a Nobel-worthy discovery to receiving the prize. One analysis shows that the average time between publishing the work and receiving one of the science prizes has nearly doubled in the past 60 years. Across the three science prizes, chemistry now has the longest “Nobel lag”- an average of 30 years over the past decade- and physiology or medicine has the shortest, at 26 years. Alfred Nobel’s will stated that the prizes should be awarded “to those who, during the previous year, shall have given the greatest benefit to mankind.” In reality this has only happened a few times. But in the first half of the twentieth century, it was common for Nobel prize winners to be in their 30s and that is unheard of now, says Santo Fortunato, now a computational social scientist at Indiana University. There are a number of possible reasons for this, says Yian Yin, a computational social scientist at Cornell University. It could be that the overall number of breakthroughs is increasing each year, so awards cannot keep up with the number of people who deserve to be recognized, he says. It is also the case that the importance of some works, which Yin describes as “sleeping beauties” are only realized years or decades later. Besides, the lengthening gap could be a sign that there has been a decrease in “disruptive” science -important studies or discoveries that change the paradigm (范式) of their field. This could be causing the Nobel committees to focus more on the past. Fortunato points out that, if the gap continues to grow, outstanding scientists could miss out on the award owing to the Nobel Committee’s rule banning posthumous prizes (追授奖项). “It has to stop at some point,” he says, adding that a rethink of the posthumous-awarding ban would allow more people’s work to get the recognition that it deserves. 8. Why does the writer mention the numbers in the first two paragraphs? A. To explain a rule. B. To present a fact. C. To give an opinion. D. To make a prediction. 9. Who can receive the Nobel according to Alfred Nobel’s will? A. Experts who are in their thirties. B. Teachers who study computer science. C. Researchers whose name has not been heard of. D. Scientists whose discovery benefits humans most. 10. Why might be a cause of the Nobel lag? A. The change in standards. B. The requirement of the award. C. The increase in breakthroughs. D. The tradition of the committees. 11. What does Fortunato suggest in the last paragraph? A. Reconsidering the current rule. B. Establishing a better committee. C. Stopping the award presentation. D. Recognizing more people’s work. 【答案】8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在过去的60年里，从发表论文到获得一个科学奖项的平均时间几乎翻了一番。在20世纪上半叶，诺贝尔奖得主通常都是30多岁，现在闻所未闻，文章分析了背后的原因和解决建议。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“The road to a Nobel Prize, the most respected scientific award in the world, is growing ever longer, with almost half of winners now waiting more than 20 years from making a Nobel-worthy discovery to receiving the prize.(诺贝尔奖是世界上最受尊敬的科学奖项，通往诺贝尔奖的道路越来越长，几乎一半的获奖者现在从做出值得诺贝尔奖的发现到获得该奖等了20多年)”以及第二段“One analysis shows that the average time between publishing the work and receiving one of the science prizes has nearly doubled in the past 60 years. Across the three science prizes, chemistry now has the longest “Nobel lag”- an average of 30 years over the past decade- and physiology or medicine has the shortest, at 26 years. (一项分析显示，在过去的60年里，从发表论文到获得一个科学奖项的平均时间几乎翻了一番。在三个科学奖项中，化学现在拥有最长的“诺贝尔滞后”——在过去十年中平均为30年——而生理学或医学奖最短，为26年)”可推知，作者在前两段提到数字是为了陈述事实：诺贝尔获奖的时间比较以前缩短了。故选B。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Alfred Nobel’s will stated that the prizes should be awarded “to those who, during the previous year, shall have given the greatest benefit to mankind.”  (阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的遗嘱指出，该奖项应授予“在过去一年中为人类做出最大贡献的人”。)”可知，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的遗嘱中，指出其发现对人类最有益的科学家应该获得诺贝尔奖。故选D。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“It could be that the overall number of breakthroughs is increasing each year, so awards cannot keep up with the number of people who deserve to be recognized, he says.(他说，这可能是因为每年的突破总数都在增加，所以奖项跟不上值得被认可的人的数量)”可知，突破的增加可能是诺贝尔奖滞后的一个原因。故选C。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段““It has to stop at some point,”he says, adding that a rethink of the posthumous-awarding ban would allow more people’s work to get the recognition that it deserves.(“这必须在某个时候停止，”他说，并补充说，重新考虑追授禁令将使更多的人的工作得到应有的认可。)”可知，福尔图纳托在最后一段暗示了重新考虑现行规则。故选A。 D In most theoretical models examining how reputations impact people’s desire to cooperate with one another, reputations are defined as either good or bad, based on limited information. These models have typically assumed that a single action determines someone’s reputation. There is a lot of information available about people’s behavior in today’s world, especially with social media. A research by biology professor Jeshua Plotkin’s team showed that looking at multiple actions and forgiving some bad actions is a method of judging behavior that is sufficient to sustain cooperation, a method they call “look twice, forgive once.” The basic idea in this study is that if you observe two interactions of somebody and at least one of them is an action that you would consider good, then you cooperate with that person, but otherwise you reject them. The research points out that even if different people in a society subscribe to different standards of judgment, “look twice, forgive once” still generates sufficient consensus to promote cooperation. Plotkin says that this method maintains cooperation without referring to reputations released by public institutions It offers an important alternative when public institutions exist but decrease of trust in them prevents cooperation. Plotkin says all researchers were surprised that the “look twice, forgive once” strategy couldn’t be displaced by other strategies, such as always cooperating or always rejecting, looking at more than two actions from a person, or forgiving a different proportion of “bad actions”. Perhaps most surprisingly looking more than twice didn’t generate an additional benefit. “Information turned out to be a doubles edged sword, so that even, when information was freely accessible, individuals were typically unable to use all of it,” he adds. Plotkin notes that the overall simplicity and reliability of their findings indicate that this behavioral strategy might be old in human societies. The researchers see potential for anthropologists (人类学家) and behavioral scientists to build on their work. 12. How does Plotkin’s method of judging behavior-A differ from prior models? A. It relies mainly on social media. B. It emphasizes public reputation. C. It requires less personal information. D. It takes into account more behaviors. 13. What can be inferred about the “look twice” method? A. It broadens the definition of reputation. B It develops alternative ways to cooperate. C. It encourages concentration on good behaviors. D. It aims to provide a solution to social problems. 14. What does the underlined word “consensus” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Agreement. B. Resources. C. Motivation. D. Benefits. 15. What is paragraph 5 mainly about concerning the “look twice” strategy? A. Its effectiveness. B. Its application. C. Its disadvantages. D. Its influence. 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了生物学教授Jeshua Plotkin团队的研究成果。该研究提出了一种新的行为判断方法——“看两次，原谅一次”，即通过观察一个人的多个行为，并原谅其部分不良行为，来决定是否与其合作。研究表明，这种方法在促进合作方面具有显著效果，即使在信息自由获取的情况下，个体通常无法使用所有信息。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“looking at multiple actions and forgiving some bad actions is a method of judging behavior that is sufficient to sustain cooperation, a method they call “look twice, forgive once.” (观察多个行为并原谅一些不良行为是一种足以维持合作的行为判断方法，他们称之为“看两次，原谅一次。”)”可知，Plotkin的方法与之前的模型不同之处在于它考虑了更多的行为。故选D项。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“ The basic idea in this study is that if you observe two interactions of somebody and at least one of them is an action that you would consider good, then you cooperate with that person, but otherwise you reject them.(这项研究的基本思想是，如果你观察到某人的两次互动，其中至少有一次是你认为好的行为，那么你会与那个人合作，但除此之外，你会拒绝他们。)可知，其规则是 “观察某人的两次互动，若至少一次是你认为的‘好行为’，就与其合作，否则拒绝”。结合选项可知， A（拓宽声誉定义）：原文未提及 “拓宽声誉定义”，之前的模型将声誉定义为 “好 / 坏”，而该方法甚至不依赖 “声誉” 判断（第四段），排除； B（发展合作的替代方式）：第四段提到该方法是 “不依赖公共机构的替代方案”，而非 “合作方式的替代方案”，偷换概念，排除； C（鼓励关注好行为）：该方法的核心是 “只要有一次好行为就合作”，本质是优先关注并认可好行为，符合规则，正确； D（旨在解决社会问题）：原文仅提到该方法 “促进合作”，“社会问题” 范围过大，无依据，排除。故选C项。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“The research points out that even if different people in a society subscribe to different standards of judgment, “look twice, forgive once” still generates sufficient … to promote cooperation. (研究指出，即使社会中不同人有不同的判断标准，“看两次，原谅一次”仍然能够产生足够的……来促进合作。)”可知划线词上文提到了社会中不同的人有不同的判断标准，划线词下文提到了促进合作，可推理出划线单词“consensus”的意思是“共识”，与A项“Agreement (一致)”含义接近。故选A项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Plotkin says all researchers were surprised that the “look twice, forgive once” strategy couldn’t be displaced by other strategies, such as always cooperating or always rejecting, looking at more than two actions from a person, or forgiving a different proportion of “bad actions”. Perhaps most surprisingly looking more than twice didn’t generate an additional benefit. (Plotkin表示，所有研究人员都感到惊讶的是，“看两次，原谅一次”的策略无法被其他策略所取代，例如总是合作或总是拒绝，观察一个人的两个以上的行为，或者原谅不同比例的“不良行为”。也许最令人惊讶的是，观察超过两次并没有带来额外的好处。)”可知本段提到了所有研究人员都感到惊讶的是，“看两次，原谅一次”的策略无法被其他策略所取代。也许最令人惊讶的是，观察超过两次并没有带来额外的好处，可推理出第五段主要讲述了“看两次”策略的有效性。故选A项。 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The less you spend, the more you save. It sounds simple in theory, but in practice, it’s much more complicated. Spending is built into our daily habits, which sometimes can get us addicted to buying stuff. ___16___ It’s kind of like a crash diet, but in a good way! ___17___ Despite the name, a no-spend challenge doesn’t mean you sit on your hands and spend no money whatsoever. After all, you don’t want to fall behind on your bills, and there are some necessities you simply can’t do without. The basic premise (前提) of a no-spend challenge is to cut out non-essential spending for a certain amount of time. It could be for a week, a month or even an entire year. What can you spend money on during a no-spend challenge? If you need to purchase something during your no-spend challenge, it should be something that’s necessary and you absolutely can’t do without. So groceries, yes. Candy bar in the checkout line, no. Also, no new iPhone, even if you’ve been dreaming about an upgrade. No new shoes, even if they’re on a huge sale. This is not the time to make excuses to buy stuff you don’t really need. ___18___ The goal of this challenge isn’t to make life harder on yourself by cutting out spending on essential expenses. The financial benefits of a no-spend challenge ___19___ You can use the extra money you normally would have spent to build up your emergency fund. Or you might want to put the money toward other financial goals, like saving for a new car or an upcoming vacation. While no-spend challenges are designed to be temporary, you can always extend your challenge. ___20___ A. Decide acceptable purchases. B. What is a no-spend challenge? C. There should be no quick-fix approach. D. When will you start your no-spend challenge? E. Why not treat it as more of a lifestyle change? F. Sometimes the best way is to go on a spending freeze. G. A no-spend challenge can be a boost to your financial situation. 【答案】16. F 17. B 18. A 19. G 20. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何通过不花钱的挑战来省钱。 【16题详解】 根据上文“The less you spend, the more you save. It sounds simple in theory, but in practice, it’s much more complicated. Spending is built into our daily habits, which sometimes can get us addicted to buying stuff.(你花的越少，存的就越多。理论上听起来很简单，但实际上要复杂得多。花钱是我们的日常习惯，有时会让我们沉迷于购买东西)”以及下文“It’s kind of like a crash diet, but in a good way! (这有点像速成减肥法，不过是以一种好的方式！)”可知，上文提到了存钱实际上复杂得多，因为花钱是习惯，推测本句主要说明了省钱的另一种方式，故F选项“有时候最好的办法是冻结开支”符合语境，故选F。 【17题详解】 根据本段内容“Despite the name, a no-spend challenge doesn’t mean you sit on your hands and spend no money whatsoever. After all, you don’t want to fall behind on your bills, and there are some necessities you simply can’t do without. The basic premise (前提) of a no-spend challenge is to cut out non-essential spending for a certain amount of time. It could be for a week, a month or even an entire year.(尽管名字叫“不花钱挑战”，但这并不意味着你坐在那里不花钱。毕竟，你不想在账单上落后，而且有些必需品是你不能没有的。不花钱挑战的基本前提是在一定时间内减少不必要的支出。可能是一个星期，一个月，甚至一整年)”可知，本段主要解释了什么是“不花钱挑战”，即“不花钱挑战”的定义。故B选项“什么是不花钱的挑战？”符合语境，故选B。 【18题详解】 根据上文“If you need to purchase something during your no-spend challenge, it should be something that’s necessary and you absolutely can’t do without. So groceries, yes. Candy bar in the checkout line, no. Also, no new iPhone, even if you’ve been dreaming about an upgrade. No new shoes, even if they’re on a huge sale. This is not the time to make excuses to buy stuff you don’t really need.(如果你在“零消费挑战”中需要购买某些东西，那就必须是你必须购买的东西。所以食品杂货，是的。在收银台排队时候买糖果，不行。而且，没有新iPhone，即使你一直梦想着升级。不买新鞋，即使它们在大减价。这不是找借口买你不需要的东西的时候)”以及下文“The goal of this challenge isn’t to make life harder on yourself by cutting out spending on essential expenses.(这个挑战的目标不是通过削减基本开支来让自己的生活变得更艰难)”可知，上文主要说明了基本的开支是可以接受的，但是额外的开支不可以，故A选项“决定可接受的采购”符合语境，故选A。 【19题详解】 根据下文“You can use the extra money you normally would have spent to build up your emergency fund.(你可以用平时会花的额外的钱来建立应急基金)”可知，下文提到了节约下来的钱可以建立应急基金，推测不花钱挑战带来的经济状况的改善。故G选项“不花钱的挑战可以促进你的财务状况。”符合语境，故选G。 【20题详解】 根据上文“While no-spend challenges are designed to be temporary, you can always extend your challenge.( 虽然不花钱的挑战是暂时的，但你可以扩展挑战)”可知，上文说明了不花钱挑战的好处，本句为本段最后一句，推测是建议采取这种生活方式，来进行省钱。故E选项“为什么不把它看作是生活方式的改变呢？”符合语境，故选E。 第三部分：语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节：完型填空 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 When I was 45, the factory I worked at closed down. To continue to ___21___ my family, I worked as a porter in my home town for 10 years. I carried refrigerators from warehouses to electrical appliance shops, sometimes ___22___ them to customers’ homes. I worked 10 hours a day, but that labour-intensive job didn’t stop me ___23___. I would go for a run every day, carrying two buckets to a place where I could ___24___ water from a mountain spring. It’s a win-win — I got better quality water while also keeping ___25___. I retired 15 years ago and life has been ___26___. I’m enjoying my life and the beautiful landscapes around. Sometimes, I went up the mountain on all fours. Just ___27___ the stairs was too easy for me, so one day I decided to challenge myself by ___28___ an animal’s movements — I went up the mountain on all fours, like a frog jumping. It ___29___ many muscles in my body. I uploaded my workout videos on TikTok, and they got many ___30___. A local media did a(n) ___31___ about me and then it went viral (走红). I feel that my physical endurance (耐 力) and ___32___ now are better than when I was younger. Many of the young people I meet on the mountain are not as ___33___ as I am. The ___34___ of working out all year round is awesome. I believe that good health is the most important thing in a person’s life. My greatest wish is to be able to ___35___ my physical strength when I am 80. 21. A. comfort B. support C. unite D. reward 22. A. delivering B. promoted C. introduced D. lost 23. A. complaining B. exercising C. struggling D. dreaming 24. A. dig B. treat C. fetch D. buy 25. A. young B. busy C. clear D. fit 26. A. easier B. calmer C. safer D. duller 27. A. building up B. mapping out C. hiking up D. sorting out 28. A. recording B. imitating C. studying D. designing 29. A. hurts B. measures C. saves D. engages 30. A. views B. profits C. attacks D. limits 31. A. analysis B. story C. inquiry D. quiz 32. A. offer B. luck C. spirit D. grade 33. A. calm B. polite C. helpful D. strong 34. A. result B. planning C. goal D. routine 35. A. recall B. check C. understand D. maintain 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中年失业后，通过体力劳动支持家庭的同时坚持锻炼，退休后依然保持强健体魄并激励他人的故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了继续养家糊口，我在家乡做了10年的搬运工。A. comfort安慰；B. support支持，养活；C. unite团结；D. reward奖励。根据后文“I worked as a porter in my home town for 10 years”可知，作者做搬运工是为了养家糊口，support one’s family表示“养家糊口”。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把冰箱从仓库运到电器商店，有时还送到顾客家里。A. delivering递送；B. promoted促进；C. introduced介绍；D. lost丢失。根据前文“I carried refrigerators from warehouses to electrical appliance shops”可知，作者的工作包括把冰箱送到顾客家里，deliver sth. to sp.表示“把某物送到某地”。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我每天工作10个小时，但这项繁重的工作并没有阻止我锻炼。A. complaining抱怨；B. exercising锻炼；C. struggling挣扎；D. dreaming梦想。根据后文“I would go for a run every day”可知，作者每天坚持跑步锻炼，所以这里是说工作没有阻止作者锻炼。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我每天都会去跑步，提着两个水桶去一个能从山泉取水的地方。A. dig挖；B. treat对待；C. fetch取，拿来；D. buy买。根据前文“carrying two buckets”及后文“water from a mountain spring”可知，作者是去取山泉水，fetch表示“取来”。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个双赢局面——我得到了质量更好的水，同时也保持了健康。A. young年轻的；B. busy忙碌的；C. clear清楚的；D. fit健康的。根据前文“I would go for a run every day”可知，作者通过每天跑步取水，既得到了好水，又保持了身体健康。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我15年前退休了，生活变得更容易了。A. easier更容易的；B. calmer更平静的；C. safer更安全的；D. duller更枯燥的。根据后文“I’m enjoying my life and the beautiful landscapes around”可知，作者退休后享受生活，说明生活变得更容易了。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：只是爬楼梯对我来说太容易了，所以有一天我决定通过模仿动物动作来挑战自己——像青蛙一样四肢着地跳着上山。A. building up建立；B. mapping out规划；C. hiking up爬上去；D. sorting out整理。根据后文“the stairs”可知，这里指的是爬楼梯。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. recording记录；B. imitating模仿；C. studying学习；D. designing设计。根据后文“an animal’s movements — I went up the mountain on all fours”可知，作者模仿青蛙的动作爬山。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它使我身体的许多肌肉都活动起来。A. hurts伤害；B. measures测量；C. saves节省；D. engages使参与，使活动。根据后文“many muscles in my body”可知，作者模仿动物的动作上山，这种锻炼方式使身体的很多肌肉都参与到运动中，得到了锻炼。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把我的锻炼视频上传到TikTok上，它们获得了很多浏览量。A. views浏览量，观看次数；B. profits利润；C. attacks攻击；D. limits限制。根据前文“I uploaded my workout videos on TikTok”可知，作者上传视频后获得的是浏览量。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当地一家媒体报道了我的故事，然后它就走红了。A. analysis分析；B. story故事；C. inquiry询问；D. quiz测验。根据前文“A local media did a(n)”可知，当地媒体报道了作者的故事。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得我现在的身体耐力和精神状态比我年轻时更好。A. offer提议；B. luck运气；C. spirit精神；D. grade等级。根据前文“physical endurance”可知，这里指的是体力和精神。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在山上遇到的许多年轻人都没有我强壮。A. calm平静的；B. polite礼貌的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. strong强壮的。根据“Many of the young people I meet on the mountain are not”结合前文作者讲述自己坚持锻炼，身体状态很好可知，作者觉得自己比山上的许多年轻人更强壮。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：全年锻炼的结果很棒。A. result结果；B. planning计划；C. goal目标；D. routine常规。根据后文“working out all year round”可知，这里指的是全年锻炼的结果。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最大的愿望是当我80岁的时候能够保持我的体力。A. recall回忆；B. check检查；C. understand理解；D. maintain保持。根据后文“my physical strength when I am 80”可知，作者希望80岁时能保持体力。故选D。 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It was Sunday, December 7,1941. The men aboard the warship USS Arizona did not eat their breakfast. Above their heads, hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles, ____36____ (dive) down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor. Moments later, a bomb hit the USS Arizona. Russel suffered serious burns on his hands, arms and legs, and watched many of his friends die. With only minor injuries, Louis was able to help people severely ____37____ (burn) and in terrible pain. After receiving the order ____38____ (abandon) ship, Louis saved more men from the water, and ____39____ (drag) them into the lifeboat. In the chaos and confusion after the attack, the US Navy sent a message to his family ____40____ Louis had been killed in the attack. Luckily, he was able to get in touch with them before the ____41____ (arrive) of the message. Despite his ____42____ (remark) actions, Louis did not think that he was a hero. “The heroes are the ones that gave their lives that day,” he said. Russell was saved from the water, but he was badly burnt, bleeding heavily. ____43____ (fortune), he was taken to hospital and survived. The surprise attack came as a great shock to the whole nation. The next day, President Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor Speech and asked that the US Congress declare war ____44____ Japan. In response to the attack and the president’s address, the United States joined the Second World War. Today, the USS Arizona lies where it sank, _____45_____ location is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge. Each year, more than two million people visit the memorial. They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor, to learn about the attack, to show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace. 【答案】36. diving 37. burnt##burned 38. to abandon 39. dragged 40. that 41. arrival 42. remarkable 43. Fortunately 44. on 45. whose 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了珍珠港事件中的英勇事迹与后续影响。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在他们的头顶，数百架日本飞机像鹰一样盘旋，俯冲下来向珍珠港投下炸弹。已有谓语动词circled，空处需填非谓语动词，作状语，dive“俯冲”与逻辑主语Japanese planes构成主动关系，故用现在分词diving。故填diving。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：路易斯只受了轻伤，能够帮助那些严重烧伤、痛苦不堪的人。已有谓语动词was able to help，空处需填非谓语动词，作定语，burn“烧伤”与逻辑主语people构成被动关系，故用过去分词burned/burnt。故填burned/burnt。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在接到弃船的命令后，路易斯又从水里救出了更多的人，并把他们拖进了救生艇。已有谓语动词saved，空处需填非谓语动词，空处作后置定语，修饰名词order，需填动词abandon“抛弃”的不定式。故填to abandon。 【39题详解】 考查时态。句意：在接到弃船的命令后，路易斯又从水里救出了更多的人，并把他们拖进了救生艇。空处与saved并列作谓语，需用一般过去时，本空用drag“拖，拽”的过去式。故填dragged。 【40题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：袭击后的混乱中，美国海军向他的家人发送了一条信息，称路易斯在袭击中丧生。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明名词message的内容，从句不缺成分或含义，需用连接词that引导。故填that。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：幸运的是，他在消息到达之前与他们取得了联系。空处作before的宾语，需填名词arrival“到达”。故填arrival。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：尽管他的行为非常出色，但路易斯并不认为自己是英雄。空处修饰名词actions，需填形容词remarkable“出色的”，作定语。故填remarkable。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：幸运的是，他被送往医院并活了下来。空处修饰整个句子，作状语，需用副词fortunately“幸运的是”，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Fortunately。 【44题详解】 考查介词。句意：第二天，罗斯福总统发表了著名的珍珠港演说，并要求美国国会对日本宣战。declare war on为固定短语，意为“对……宣战”。故填on。 【45题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：今天，亚利桑那号战列舰仍沉在原来的地方，其位置被一座桥状的纪念碑标记着。空处引导定语从句，先行词the USS Arizona，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 第四部分 写作 (共两节；满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假设你是李华。针对目前你所在城市的文化遗址现状，你想在你们学校发出倡议，呼吁大家保护文化遗产。请以学生会的名义给英文校刊写一封倡议信，内容包括： 1. 分析遗址的价值； 2. 说明当前面临的具体威胁； 3. 提出至少两条切实保护措施； 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 可适当增加细节使行文连贯； Dear students, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Student Union April 12th, 2025 【答案】Dear fellow students, As guardians of cultural legacy, we are obliged to protect the endangered Ming-Qing architectural complex in our city. These centuries-old structures, with their intricate wood carvings and symmetrical courtyards, stand as a living testament to ancient Chinese wisdom. They have coexisted with our community, silently narrating stories of our ancestors’ craftsmanship and spiritual pursuits. However, these treasures now face triple threats. Commercial expansion projects threaten to dismantle their original layouts, while weathering and fungal decay silently erode their beams. Moreover, insufficient maintenance funds have left many buildings in precarious conditions. To preserve this heritage, we should act immediately. Firstly, let’s petition cultural authorities by signing an online appeal on the official heritage website before June 15th. Secondly, join our “Guardian Alliance” to participate in weekend clean-ups and documentation work. We’ll also host photography exhibitions on campus to showcase their beauty, bridging historical values with modern appreciation. Our generation must become the voice for these silent historians. Together, we can turn nostalgia into actionable preservation! Student Union May 20, 2025 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以学生会名义，就所在城市文化遗址现状，给英文校刊写一封倡议信，呼吁大家保护文化遗产，需包含分析遗址价值、说明面临威胁及提出保护措施等内容。 【详解】1.词汇积累 守护者：guardian → protector 复杂的：intricate → complex 共存：coexist → live alongside 立即：immediately→ right away/at once 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：As guardians of cultural legacy, we are obliged to protect the endangered Ming-Qing architectural complex in our city. 拓展句：Since we are guardians of cultural legacy, we are obliged to protect the endangered Ming-Qing architectural complex in our city. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Commercial expansion projects threaten to dismantle their original layouts, while weathering and fungal decay silently erode their beams.（运用了while连接两个并列句，形成对比） 【高分句型2】We’ll also host photography exhibitions on campus to showcase their beauty, bridging historical values with modern appreciation.（运用了不定式短语to showcase their beauty作目的状语、现在分词短语bridging historical values with modern appreciation作伴随状语） 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 18-year-old Sadiya was born in Deora, a small village in eastern India, but moved to the city of Mumbai when she was 3. In 2020, when the pandemic (疫情) broke out, her father’s small business was forced to close temporarily and the family returned to her ancestral village to wait out the pandemic. However, it greatly shocked her when she found that attending school was uncommon in Deora, where almost half of the villagers couldn’t read. Unable to afford textbooks, many families often withdrew their children from schools. They didn’t wish to educate their children, many of whom had to work in the fields with their parents. even though some had the desire to read. Sadiya, the college girl with a strong sense of social responsibility, had been trying to seize opportunities to open doors for others. Fluent in Hindi, Urdu, and English, she often spoke at inter-college events on the right to education and enjoyed a high reputation among college students. Used to taking on challenges, Sadiya was determined to do something for the village children. One day last July, Sadiya sat down with her family elders and put forward the idea of setting up a library. Many shook their heads in disagreement — this wasn’t how a young girl should spend her time. After many discussions, Sadiya finally convinced them and gained access to a relative’s guesthouse, mending it with $67 that she’d won in public-speaking competitions. With help from her uncle, Akbar, and cousin, Nawaz, she got to work. Walls were repainted, the bamboo roof was repaired and lights and bookshelves were fixed, and the room was filled with chairs and a long table. Pictures on the walls brightened the space. Looking at the newly-decorated “library”, Sadiya couldn’t hold back her excitement while imagining the children reading books there. 续写要求： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1： However, these books were far from enough. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2： With everything ready, the library finally opened. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】However, these books were far from enough. To ensure the children could read more books, Sadiya took a picture of the library and posted it on Facebook, asking people to donate books. Not long after her post, thousands of books came flooding in. Sadiya, her uncle, and her cousin spent two weeks checking and classifying the books. Moved by her spirit, her family started to understand her desire to help people and helped her arrange those books on the shelves. Although Sadiya was exhausted, she felt it was all worth it when she saw the tidy library filled with books. With everything ready, the library finally opened. Several children stepped in curiously and were surprised by what they saw. The room was very attractive. As time went by, more and more children came inside. Sadiya organized scholarships for the children and gathered a group of volunteers to start libraries in neighboring villages as well. Sadiya’s efforts opened the door to wisdom for the children in Deora, and would surely make a great difference in their lives. Sadiya knew that she wouldn’t stop. This was a first step towards making sure the people of her village were better-educated and had the opportunity to develop new skills. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了印度女大学生Sadiya因为疫情回到家乡，发现那里的村民多半不识字，也不支持自己的孩子接受教育。充满社会责任感的Sadiya想为改善这种状况做点什么，她最终决定在当地建一间图书馆，她说服亲戚们同意了她的想法，并改建了一间客房，剩下的就是在里面装满图书，她用自己的积蓄在网上买了一些儿童书籍。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“但是这些书远远不够。”可知，第一段可描写Sadiya想办法在网上为图书馆募捐书籍的经过和她家人的帮助。 ②由第二段首句内容“一切准备就绪后，图书馆终于开放了。”可知，第二段可描写图书馆开放之后Sadiya管理图书馆和读者的情况。 2.续写线索：图书不够——募捐书籍——图书馆开放——广受欢迎——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①花费一些时间：spend some time/spare some time ②分类：classify/sort out ③知道：know that/be aware that 情绪类 ①好奇地：curiously/inquisitively ②惊讶的：surprised/amazed 【点睛】[高分句型1]. Although Sadiya was exhausted, she felt it was all worth it when she saw the tidy library filled with books. (运用了Although引导的让步状语从句和when引导的时间状语从句) [高分句型2]. Several children stepped in curiously and were surprised by what they saw. (运用了what引导的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 明德中学2025年上学期期中考试 高二年级英语试卷 时量：120分钟 满分：150分 注意事项： 1. 答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。 2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 3. 非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 4. 考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。 第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Why does the boy mention Carol? A. She lost her timetable. B. She has the boy’s notebook. C. She is waiting for the boy. 2. What will the woman probably do with the postcard? A. Buy it. B. Sign it. C. Send it. 3. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a library. B. On the beach. C. At a concert. 4. What fruit does the boy eat in the morning? A. Apples. B. Bananas. C. Peaches. 5. What does the man dislike about the trip? A. Shopping. B. Tourist attractions. C. Means of transportation. 第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What is Jessica reading? A. Job ads. B. Sports news. C. Technology news. 7. What does the man suggest Jessica do? A Work in an advertising agency. B. Study computer science. C. Check out a website. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. Why does Zack look tired? A. He stayed up watching a movie. B. He did experiments all night. C. He had a strange dream. 9. How does the woman feel about the movie? A. Frightened. B. Interested. C. Impressed. 听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。 10. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Friends. B. Coach and player. C. Interviewer and interviewee. 11. Why doesn’t the man do much exercise now? A. He isn’t into sports. B. He’s busy with his studies. C. The sports center moved away. 12. What does the woman think of swimming now? A. Boring. B. Difficult. C. Interesting. 13. What will the man do next? A. Go to school. B. Learn to swim. C. Play volleyball. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. Where are the speakers? A. In Canada. B. In Japan. C. In America. 15. Which place does the man invite the woman to go on Sunday? A. Stanley Park. B. The North Shore. C. Lions Gate Bridge. 16. What is Whistler famous for according to the man? A. A walkway. B. Magazines. C. Winter sports. 17. What do we know about the woman? A. She works for a magazine. B. She is good at skiing. C She is a visitor. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. When will the parade begin? A. At 3: 00 p. m. B. At 2: 00 p. m. C. At 10: 00 a. m. 19. What will happen during the parade according to the speaker? A. Money will be raised for charities. B. The mayor will give a speech. C. Parks will be cleared up. 20 What are the scientists trying to do? A. Find the exact position of the giant butterfly. B. Do research on butterflies. C. Protect rare insects. 第二部分：阅读理解 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15个小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A June is around the corner, meaning summer is almost here! we’ve asked our book critics for some advice: What upcoming fiction and nonfiction are they most looking forward to reading? Here’s a look: Daughter of the Merciful Deep by Leslye Penelope I was hooked when I first saw the gorgeous cover for Daughter of the Merciful Deep by Leslye Penelope. But the novel’s premise put it at the top of my summer reading list. Penelope is known for unforgettable characters, world—building, beautiful writing and robust Storytelling. Her latest work, inspired by actual events —the drowned Black towns of the American South —promises a magical, mythical and powerful tale of a young woman’s quest to save her town. A historical fantasy must—read. (July 4)—Denny Bryce The Lucky Ones by Zara Chowdhary In 2002, two train carriages were set on fire in Gujarat, India. Within three weeks, more than 2, 000 Muslims were murdered in response by Hindu mobs. By the end of the year, more than 50, 000 Muslims became refugees in their own country. The Lucky Ones is a unique biography in English of this largest—ever massacre in independent India. It is also about a communal crisis bringing a fractured family together. A must—read in our warring world today. (July 16)—Jenny Bhatt Liars by Sarah Manguso I have long been a fan of Sarah Manguso’s crystalline prose, from her fragmented illness biography The Two Kinds of Decay to her tightly constrained 2022 novel Very Cold People. Her second novel, Liars, marries restraint with rage—in it, Manguso traces the full are of a 15-year relationship between Jane, a successful writer, and John, a dilettante artist—cum一 techie, in aphoristic vignettes. The result is a furious, propulsive meditation on wifehood, motherhood and artistic ambition. (July 23)—Kristen Martin 1. What is Penelope famous for? A. Using beautiful language. B. Focusing on actual events. C. Telling historical stories. D. Shaping perfect woman images. 2. Which of the following is a biography? A. Liars. B. The Lucky Ones. C. Daughter of the Merciful Deep. D. Very Cold People. 3. What do Daughter of the Merciful Deep and Liars have in common? A. They are set in the American South. B. Their writers are both women. C. They are both related to magic and myth. D. Their main characters are artists. B 15-year-old Jacob Grosberg walked the streets of down town on Saturday to try and help people dealing with health problems, especially mental issues. The Toronto teenager carried bags full of donated clothes and hygiene (卫生) products for people living on the streets or in shelters. Grosberg’s father once suffered a lot from depression and mental illness. After his death, Grosberg decided he wanted to help others dealing with the same problem. His solution was the Conan Fund, so-called after his father’s high school nickname for his strength and popularity. According to the fund’s website, the money raised is donated to charities, hospitals and organizations to make a chance and improve resources. It didn’t take long for people living in the shelter on Wellington Street in Liberty Village to come out to receive what Grosberg was offering. From bags of socks, to hats, gloves, jeans and winter jackets, the people were excited and appreciative of the generosity. Martuia Archibald, 30, had a huge smile on her face as she put on a winter jacket and turned up the collar. She didn’t have a winter jacket until Grosberg arrived, and was touched by the gesture. “It means that there are people out there that still consider that I need warm clothing as well,” she said. Grosberg’s mother said her son’s spirit and kindness motivated her. “He inspires me,” she said. “He shows me the way to move forward after his father is gone. He shows me the way to turn something terrible into something really positive.” That’s exactly what Grosberg is trying to achieve. “I think that doing this is not only inspiring more changes in myself, but hopefully can inspire a lot of others to do the exact same thing I’m doing,” Grosberg said. 4. What inspired Grosberg to set up the Conan Fund? A. His father’s suffering. B. His mother’s suggestion. C. The story of another teenager. D. The hope to cure mental illness. 5. What does the author want to show by mentioning Martuia Archibald? A. The change the Conan Fund brought to shelters. B. The most urgently needed supplies for the locals. C. The warmth needy people received from Grosberg. D. The greatest contribution Grosberg made to the world. 6. What can be inferred about Grosberg’s mother? A. She is a very optimistic person. B. She considers her son an inspiration. C. She co-founded the Conan Fund. D. She is always ready to lend a helping hand. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Inspiring People Around Oneself B. Seeing the Positive Side of Everything C. Becoming a Teenager with Great Confidence D. Turning a Struggle into a Charitable Movement C The road to a Nobel Prize, the most respected scientific award in the world, is growing ever longer, with almost half of winners now waiting more than 20 years from making a Nobel-worthy discovery to receiving the prize. One analysis shows that the average time between publishing the work and receiving one of the science prizes has nearly doubled in the past 60 years. Across the three science prizes, chemistry now has the longest “Nobel lag”- an average of 30 years over the past decade- and physiology or medicine has the shortest, at 26 years. Alfred Nobel’s will stated that the prizes should be awarded “to those who, during the previous year, shall have given the greatest benefit to mankind.” In reality this has only happened a few times. But in the first half of the twentieth century, it was common for Nobel prize winners to be in their 30s and that is unheard of now, says Santo Fortunato, now a computational social scientist at Indiana University. There are a number of possible reasons for this, says Yian Yin, a computational social scientist at Cornell University. It could be that the overall number of breakthroughs is increasing each year, so awards cannot keep up with the number of people who deserve to be recognized, he says. It is also the case that the importance of some works, which Yin describes as “sleeping beauties” are only realized years or decades later. Besides, the lengthening gap could be a sign that there has been a decrease in “disruptive” science -important studies or discoveries that change the paradigm (范式) of their field. This could be causing the Nobel committees to focus more on the past. Fortunato points out that, if the gap continues to grow, outstanding scientists could miss out on the award owing to the Nobel Committee’s rule banning posthumous prizes (追授奖项). “It has to stop at some point,” he says, adding that a rethink of the posthumous-awarding ban would allow more people’s work to get the recognition that it deserves. 8. Why does the writer mention the numbers in the first two paragraphs? A. To explain a rule. B. To present a fact. C. To give an opinion. D. To make a prediction. 9. Who can receive the Nobel according to Alfred Nobel’s will? A. Experts who are in their thirties. B. Teachers who study computer science. C. Researchers whose name has not been heard of. D. Scientists whose discovery benefits humans most. 10. Why might be a cause of the Nobel lag? A. The change in standards. B. The requirement of the award. C. The increase in breakthroughs. D. The tradition of the committees. 11. What does Fortunato suggest in the last paragraph? A. Reconsidering the current rule. B. Establishing a better committee. C. Stopping the award presentation. D. Recognizing more people’s work. D In most theoretical models examining how reputations impact people’s desire to cooperate with one another, reputations are defined as either good or bad, based on limited information. These models have typically assumed that a single action determines someone’s reputation. There is a lot of information available about people’s behavior in today’s world, especially with social media. A research by biology professor Jeshua Plotkin’s team showed that looking at multiple actions and forgiving some bad actions is a method of judging behavior that is sufficient to sustain cooperation, a method they call “look twice, forgive once.” The basic idea in this study is that if you observe two interactions of somebody and at least one of them is an action that you would consider good, then you cooperate with that person, but otherwise you reject them. The research points out that even if different people in a society subscribe to different standards of judgment, “look twice, forgive once” still generates sufficient consensus to promote cooperation. Plotkin says that this method maintains cooperation without referring to reputations released by public institutions It offers an important alternative when public institutions exist but decrease of trust in them prevents cooperation. Plotkin says all researchers were surprised that the “look twice, forgive once” strategy couldn’t be displaced by other strategies, such as always cooperating or always rejecting, looking at more than two actions from a person, or forgiving a different proportion of “bad actions”. Perhaps most surprisingly looking more than twice didn’t generate an additional benefit. “Information turned out to be a doubles edged sword, so that even, when information was freely accessible, individuals were typically unable to use all of it,” he adds. Plotkin notes that the overall simplicity and reliability of their findings indicate that this behavioral strategy might be old in human societies. The researchers see potential for anthropologists (人类学家) and behavioral scientists to build on their work. 12. How does Plotkin’s method of judging behavior-A differ from prior models? A. It relies mainly on social media. B. It emphasizes public reputation. C. It requires less personal information. D. It takes into account more behaviors. 13. What can be inferred about the “look twice” method? A. It broadens the definition of reputation. B It develops alternative ways to cooperate. C. It encourages concentration on good behaviors. D. It aims to provide a solution to social problems. 14. What does the underlined word “consensus” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Agreement. B. Resources. C. Motivation. D. Benefits. 15. What is paragraph 5 mainly about concerning the “look twice” strategy? A. Its effectiveness. B. Its application. C. Its disadvantages. D. Its influence. 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The less you spend, the more you save. It sounds simple in theory, but in practice, it’s much more complicated. Spending is built into our daily habits, which sometimes can get us addicted to buying stuff. ___16___ It’s kind of like a crash diet, but in a good way! ___17___ Despite the name a no-spend challenge doesn’t mean you sit on your hands and spend no money whatsoever. After all, you don’t want to fall behind on your bills, and there are some necessities you simply can’t do without. The basic premise (前提) of a no-spend challenge is to cut out non-essential spending for a certain amount of time. It could be for a week, a month or even an entire year. What can you spend money on during a no-spend challenge? If you need to purchase something during your no-spend challenge, it should be something that’s necessary and you absolutely can’t do without. So groceries, yes. Candy bar in the checkout line, no. Also, no new iPhone, even if you’ve been dreaming about an upgrade. No new shoes, even if they’re on a huge sale. This is not the time to make excuses to buy stuff you don’t really need. ___18___ The goal of this challenge isn’t to make life harder on yourself by cutting out spending on essential expenses. The financial benefits of a no-spend challenge ___19___ You can use the extra money you normally would have spent to build up your emergency fund. Or you might want to put the money toward other financial goals, like saving for a new car or an upcoming vacation. While no-spend challenges are designed to be temporary, you can always extend your challenge. ___20___ A. Decide acceptable purchases. B. What is a no-spend challenge? C. There should be no quick-fix approach. D. When will you start your no-spend challenge? E. Why not treat it as more of a lifestyle change? F. Sometimes the best way is to go on a spending freeze. G. A no-spend challenge can be a boost to your financial situation. 第三部分：语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节：完型填空 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 When I was 45, the factory I worked at closed down. To continue to ___21___ my family, I worked as a porter in my home town for 10 years. I carried refrigerators from warehouses to electrical appliance shops, sometimes ___22___ them to customers’ homes. I worked 10 hours a day, but that labour-intensive job didn’t stop me ___23___. I would go for a run every day, carrying two buckets to a place where I could ___24___ water from a mountain spring. It’s a win-win — I got better quality water while also keeping ___25___. I retired 15 years ago and life has been ___26___. I’m enjoying my life and the beautiful landscapes around. Sometimes, I went up the mountain on all fours. Just ___27___ the stairs was too easy for me, so one day I decided to challenge myself by ___28___ an animal’s movements — I went up the mountain on all fours, like a frog jumping. It ___29___ many muscles in my body. I uploaded my workout videos on TikTok, and they got many ___30___. A local media did a(n) ___31___ about me and then it went viral (走红). I feel that my physical endurance (耐 力) and ___32___ now are better than when I was younger. Many of the young people I meet on the mountain are not as ___33___ as I am. The ___34___ of working out all year round is awesome. I believe that good health is the most important thing in a person’s life. My greatest wish is to be able to ___35___ my physical strength when I am 80. 21. A. comfort B. support C. unite D. reward 22. A. delivering B. promoted C. introduced D. lost 23. A. complaining B. exercising C. struggling D. dreaming 24. A. dig B. treat C. fetch D. buy 25. A. young B. busy C. clear D. fit 26. A. easier B. calmer C. safer D. duller 27. A. building up B. mapping out C. hiking up D. sorting out 28. A. recording B. imitating C. studying D. designing 29. A. hurts B. measures C. saves D. engages 30. A. views B. profits C. attacks D. limits 31. A. analysis B. story C. inquiry D. quiz 32. A. offer B. luck C. spirit D. grade 33. A. calm B. polite C. helpful D. strong 34. A. result B. planning C. goal D. routine 35. A. recall B. check C. understand D. maintain 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It was Sunday, December 7,1941. The men aboard the warship USS Arizona did not eat their breakfast. Above their heads, hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles, ____36____ (dive) down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor. Moments later, a bomb hit the USS Arizona. Russel suffered serious burns on his hands, arms and legs, and watched many of his friends die. With only minor injuries, Louis was able to help people severely ____37____ (burn) and in terrible pain. After receiving the order ____38____ (abandon) ship, Louis saved more men from the water, and ____39____ (drag) them into the lifeboat. In the chaos and confusion after the attack, the US Navy sent a message to his family ____40____ Louis had been killed in the attack. Luckily, he was able to get in touch with them before the ____41____ (arrive) of the message. Despite his ____42____ (remark) actions, Louis did not think that he was a hero. “The heroes are the ones that gave their lives that day,” he said. Russell was saved from the water, but he was badly burnt, bleeding heavily. ____43____ (fortune), he was taken to hospital and survived. The surprise attack came as a great shock to the whole nation. The next day, President Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor Speech and asked that the US Congress declare war ____44____ Japan. In response to the attack and the president’s address, the United States joined the Second World War. Today, the USS Arizona lies where it sank, _____45_____ location is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge. Each year, more than two million people visit the memorial. They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor, to learn about the attack, to show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace. 第四部分 写作 (共两节；满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假设你是李华。针对目前你所在城市的文化遗址现状，你想在你们学校发出倡议，呼吁大家保护文化遗产。请以学生会的名义给英文校刊写一封倡议信，内容包括： 1. 分析遗址的价值； 2. 说明当前面临的具体威胁； 3. 提出至少两条切实保护措施； 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 可适当增加细节使行文连贯； Dear students, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Student Union April 12th, 2025 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 18-year-old Sadiya was born in Deora, a small village in eastern India, but moved to the city of Mumbai when she was 3. In 2020, when the pandemic (疫情) broke out, her father’s small business was forced to close temporarily and the family returned to her ancestral village to wait out the pandemic. However, it greatly shocked her when she found that attending school was uncommon in Deora, where almost half of the villagers couldn’t read. Unable to afford textbooks, many families often withdrew their children from schools. They didn’t wish to educate their children, many of whom had to work in the fields with their parents. even though some had the desire to read. Sadiya, the college girl with a strong sense of social responsibility, had been trying to seize opportunities to open doors for others. Fluent in Hindi, Urdu, and English, she often spoke at inter-college events on the right to education and enjoyed a high reputation among college students. Used to taking on challenges, Sadiya was determined to do something for the village children. One day last July, Sadiya sat down with her family elders and put forward the idea of setting up a library. Many shook their heads in disagreement — this wasn’t how a young girl should spend her time. After many discussions, Sadiya finally convinced them and gained access to a relative’s guesthouse, mending it with $67 that she’d won in public-speaking competitions. With help from her uncle, Akbar, and cousin, Nawaz, she got to work. Walls were repainted, the bamboo roof was repaired and lights and bookshelves were fixed, and the room was filled with chairs and a long table. Pictures on the walls brightened the space. Looking at the newly-decorated “library”, Sadiya couldn’t hold back her excitement while imagining the children reading books there. 续写要求： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1： However, these books were far from enough. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2： With everything ready, the library finally opened. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $