类别二 事物介绍 强化巩固练-【一战成名新中考】2025河北中考英语·新题型培优练

一战成名司 类别二 事物介绍 Passage 11 How do we know the time?A clock,a watch or a mobile phone can help us.However,many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy.Over the centuries people have developed different ways of telling the time. About 5,500 years ago,the Egyptians invented the sun clock.This was a tall stone building. Its shadow()showed the movement of the sun.So people were able to know midday.Then the Egyptians made a sundial(about 3,500 years ago.It was smaller than the sun clock and could let people know the time for half a day.On cloudy days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial.Water clocks were the first clocks not to use the sun. Water flows()from one bottle to another.When the water reaches a certain level,it shows the hours.The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago.These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China.But they failed to make people know the exact time. In the 13th century,the mechanical()clock was invented.This was more exact,but it was expensive to make one.Later,the first quartz()clock was developed.Clocks became 墨 cheaper to build.It was also cheaper for people to own a clock.Then the digital clock came.And nowadays satellites send our mobile phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping ()Clocks are always changing but some things never change.Many of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not being late for school or work. 阅读短文，简略回答问题。 1.When did the Egyptians invent the sun clock? 2.What kind of clocks was the first not to use the sun? 3.What did the sun clocks,sundials and water clocks have in common? 4.Why was the quartz clock developed? 5.What's the text mainly about? Passage 12 Many of us watch news every day because we'd like to know what's happening around the world.Today we can get news from TV or the Internet,but how did ancient people get news? At the very beginning,information spread by word of mouth.People living in tribes() got news from neighbors or travelers.Ancient Romans changed the way people knew about their communities.They posted a list of daily happenings at public squares in the cities.Ancient 26 新题型培优练·河北英语 一战成名目 Chinese people did it in another way.The government had news sheets sent to officials in the whole country so people could know what was going on in the capital. The fifteenth century saw big progress in printing technology in the west.The progress brought a sudden rise of news business.Printers sold whatever people loved to read.In the sixteenth century,the first real newspaper appeared.People started to form the habit of reading newspapers.They liked to share their opinions on newspapers.The invention of telegraph() machines led to another big step in history.News stories were sent to the papers in minutes instead of weeks. Now we get news in seconds from all over the world.We can become some kind of reporters by posting online what happens around us. 阅读短文，简略回答问题。 1.From whom did people living in tribes get news? 2.Where did ancient Romans post a list of daily happenings? 3.What brought a sudden rise of news business in the 15th century? 4.When did the first real newspaper appear? 阅读表达 5.Do you watch the news every day?What kind of news do you pay most attention to? Passage 13 Short videos are a new way for people to get different ideas and information on the Internet. People of all ages have fun watching them on their phones.Nearly all of them are about five minutes long,even just a few seconds. Short videos do have some good points.On the one hand,they can help people learn new things easily and quickly.People can concentrate(集中注意力）better on these videos because they are much shorter.On the other hand,short videos can even help people make money.For example,more people in the countryside can sell their things online by using short videos.This new way can make a big difference to their life and work. However,these videos also come along with some problems.Spending too much time on the videos takes time away from studying and working.Many children and even adults get into watching them.They hardly ever take part in outdoor activities. In my opinion,on the one hand,short videos can be a valuable tool for us to explore the world.They provide a quick way to learn new things.This can be particularly helpful in expan- ding(our knowledge and interests.On the other hand,we still need to be careful with what we see online and not believe everything we watch.Especially for us,we are not old enough to judge what is right and what is wrong. 新题型培优练·河北英语 27 一战成名司 阅读短文，简略回答问题。 1.What can people get through short videos on the Internet? 2.Why can short videos make a difference to the people in the countryside? 3.What are the problems of these short videos'？(列出一条即可) 4.Why does the writer think we should be more careful with short videos? 5.Can you give some suggestions on watching short videos?List at least one suggestion. Passage 14 When you get a message to take your package()next time,please don't feel surprised if you find the deliveryman()is a robot.As we know,more and more Chinese people like to shop online.We buy things on the Internet and then the packages will get to our apartments in a 读 short time.It is said that there are about 100,000,000 packages in transit every day in China and there will be many more in the future.But there will not be enough people to deliver packages. So,we need robots to take on the work. Now,along the streets in many big cities,you can see many yellow and black delivery robots.They look like a square box.People call them "little yellow horse".A "little yellow horse"has four cameras.The cameras are the eyes of the robot and they can guide the robot. So,how can we use the robots?You only need to choose what you want to buy and give your address.Next,you need to pay for the goods().All these are finished through your phone. Then,the workers of the stores will put the goods in the robots,and they will quickly take the goods to your places.The robots will be helpful in some ways.However,it is expensive to build such a robot.And they cannot take goods to the door like a real deliveryman. 阅读短文，简略回答问题。 1.Why are robots needed to deliver packages in China? 2.What are the delivery robots like? 3.What do the cameras on the robot do? 4.What's the disadvantage of the delivery robots?(列出一点即可) 28 新题型培优练·河北英语 一战成名目 5.Who do you think are better for the delivery job,the delivery robots or the deliverymen?Why? Passage 15 Now,glasses have become a daily necessity for some of us.So,what do you know about them?No one knows who made the first wearable pair of glasses,but experts do know that they were made in the 13th century and showed up in Italy.Early glasses were like magnifying glasses (放大镜).And most of them weren't even made of glass！Instead,many early eyeglasses contained quartz().That's because most glass at that time was not clear,so it wouldn't have worked well for eyeglasses. Eyeglasses didn't look much like modern glasses until the 1700s.That's when people added glasses temples()to hold glasses on their faces.Glasses also became much more common around this time,probably because reading became more popular. People didn't start seeing eye doctors for glasses until the 1800s.At that time,they just tried on different pairs of glasses until they found one that made their eyesight better.Eye doctors changed that.They gave an eye test for people to tell whether or not they needed a pair of glasses. 阅 Different kinds of glasses have also appeared.Sunglasses are about as old as eyeglasses.People in 表 China started wearing sunglasses in the 12th century.These early sunglasses were also made of quartz.Today,many people also like to wear contact lenses(隐形眼镜)，which were invented by a German in 1887.The first contact lenses were very uncomfortable.Luckily,today's lenses are softer and can be worn all day.However,you should always take your contact lenses out at night. Some people even like to wear glasses with no lenses.Called fashion()glasses,they come in many shapes and sizes to fit anyone's personal style. 阅读短文，简略回答问题。 1.When did the first wearable pair of glasses appear? 2.Why did glasses become much more common during the 1700s? 3.What will eye doctors do to see if a man needs to wear glasses? 4.What are the advantages of today's contact lenses? 5.Do you like wearing glasses with no lenses if your eyesight is good?Why or why not? 新题型培优练·河北英语 29参考答案与重难题解析!河北英语 新 题 型 培 优 练 3,+@E,)12/+$!!解析"根据第二段最后一句可知! Ỳe 会通过摇动桌子或向用户的手机发送消息来#告诉%用 户停止工作" $$%/ +*+4=@2/04)+/$!!解析"根据第三段最后一句可知! 用户用电子笔在[VW上写字" &$Q+,$&+4(3,+I=10/7 0=C0*<+1+*)53*52@23@1+(*=1 (/A C2@7$+开放性试题! 言之有理即可, 5F;;FC7+!主旨大意"本文是一篇说明文" 主要介绍了什 么是数字足迹以及它的重要性" !$F1+/ 3,0/>=+41/2*2>B$!!解析"根据第一段最后两句 可知!当使用科技时!我们会留下数字足迹" "$H1@++$!!解析"根据三个标题可知!文章提到了三个 原因" ,$Y3=23=*+,,0/52@D(=02/ 2/*0/+$!!解析"根据第四段最 后一句可知!为了保护隐私!我们应该在网上发布更少 的信息" $$&(/7 A+=(0*,! 4(@A /3D<+@,2@)(,,C2@A,$!!解析"根据 第五段最后一句可知!不应该在电子邮件或短信中写 银行信息(卡号或密码" &$F+,123*A =10/7 4(@+53*B<+52@+C+4*047 #,+/A % 2@ #)2,=%$+开放性试题!言之有理即可, 5F;;FC7!#!主旨大意"本文是一篇说明文" 主要介绍了 手写和打字的利弊" !$%<23=]!]WW B+(@,(>2$!!解析"根据第一段第一句可 知!最早的书写形式出现在大约 ]]WW年前" "$H1+<@(0/ 0,(4=0?+$!!解析"根据第二段第四句可知! 研究表明!当我们用钢笔或铅笔写下想法时!我们让大 脑活跃起来!帮助我们学习(记忆和思考" ,$H1+BD(B>22/*0/+2@)*(B42D)3=+@>(D+,+(,0*B$ !解析"根据第二段最后一句可知!当使用电脑写东西 时!人们很容易上网或玩电脑游戏" $$Y+2)*+4(/ >+==1+0@0A+(,(/A =123>1=,A2C/ D2@+S3047*B C1+/ =1+B=B)+$.HB)0/>4(/ D(7+0=+(,0+@52@)+2)*+=2 41(/>+$.HB)0/>D(7+,+?+@B=10/>4*+(@$!!解析"根据第 三段可知!当人们打字时!他们可以更快地得到他们的 观点和想法&打字也可以使人们更容易修改&打字让一 切变得清晰" &$IC0*=B)+0=$&+4(3,+=B)0/>4(/ D(7+0=+(,0+@52@D+=2 41(/>+$I=(*,2D(7+,+?+@B=10/>4*+(@$+开放性试题! 言 之有理即可, 5F;;FC7!!!主旨大意"本文是一篇说明文" 主要介绍了 人类从古至今测量时间的方法的发展历程" !$%<23=]!]WW B+(@,(>2$!!解析"根据第二段第一句可 知!大约 ]]WW 年前!埃及人发明了太阳钟" "$F(=+@4*247,$!!解析"根据第二段第八句可知!水钟是 最早不使用太阳的钟表" ,$H1+B(*5(0*+A =2D(7+)+2)*+7/2C=1++M(4==0D+$ !解析"根据第二段最后一句可知!它们都不能让人们 知道确切的时间" $$&+4(3,+0=<+4(D+41+()+@=2<30*A (/A 0=C(,(*,241+()+@ 52@)+2)*+=22C/ (4*247$!!解析"根据第三段第三( 四(五句可知!因为钟表的制造成本越来越低" 人们拥 有钟表的成本也更低" &$H1+A+?+*2)D+/=25=0D+7++)0/>$!!解析"通读全文可 知!文章主要介绍了计时的发展" 5F;;FC7!"!主旨大意"本文是一篇说明文" 主要介绍了 古代人是如何获得新闻以及新闻传播的发展" !$U@2D/+0>1<2@,2@=@(?+*+@,$!!解析"根据第二段第二 句可知!生活在部落中的人们从邻居或旅行者那里获 得消息" "$%=)3<*04,S3(@+,0/ =1+40=0+,$!!解析"根据第二段第 三(四句可知!古罗马人在城市的公共广场上张贴了一 张每天发生的事情的清单" ,$H1+<0>)@2>@+,,0/ )@0/=0/>=+41/2*2>B0/ =1+C+,=$ !解析"根据第三段第一(二句可知!V] 世纪西方的印 刷技术取得了巨大的进步!这一进步带来了新闻业的 突然崛起" $$I/ =1+,0M=++/=1 4+/=3@B$!!解析"根据第三段第四句可 知!在 Vc世纪!第一份真正的报纸出现了" &$Q+,! IA2$I)(BD2,=(=+/=02/ =2=1+/+C,(<23=+A34(=02/ (/A 0D)2@=(/=+?+/=,$+开放性试题!言之有理即可, 5F;;FC7!,!主旨大意"本文是一篇说明文" 主要介绍了 短视频的优点及缺点" !$805+@+/=0A+(,(/A 0/52@D(=02/$!!解析"根据第一段第 一句可知!短视频为人们在互联网上获得不同的想法 和信息提供了一种新的方式" "$&+4(3,+=1+B4(/ ,+*=1+0@=10/>,2/*0/+<B3,0/>,12@=?0A+2,$ !解析"根据第二段倒数第二句可知!农村的人们可以 通过短视频在网上销售他们的东西" ,$G)+/A0/>=22D341 =0D+2/ =1+?0A+2,=(7+,=0D+(C(B5@2D ,=3AB0/>(/A C2@70/>$.X(/B410*A@+/ (/A (A3*=,>+=0/=2 C(=410/>=1+D (/A 1(@A*B+?+@=(7+)(@=0/ 23=A22@ (4=0?0=0+,$!!解析"根据第三段可知!短视频的弊端有) 花太多时间在短视频上会占用学习和工作的时间" 许 多孩子甚至大人都花费太多时间在短视频上!他们几 乎从不参加户外活动" $$&+4(3,+C+(@+/2=2*A +/23>1 =2T3A>+C1(=0,@0>1=(/A C1(=0,C@2/>$!!解析"根据最后一段最后一句可知! 对我们来说!我们还太小!很难判断什么是对的!什么 是错的" &$I=10/7 C+,123*A 42/=@2*=1+=0D+C+,)+/A 2/ ,12@= ?0A+2,$+开放性试题!言之有理即可, 5F;;FC7!$!主旨大意"本文是一篇说明文" 主要介绍了 在中国#由于越来越多的人喜欢网购#快递需求增加#导 致快递员不足#出现了快递机器人" 快递机器人帮助解 决了一些送货问题#但建造成本高#且功能仍需改进" !$&+4(3,+=1+@+C0*/2=<++/23>1 )+2)*+=2A+*0?+@)(47(R >+,$!!解析"根据第一段倒数第一(二句可知!因为没 有足够的快递员来投递包裹" "$H1+B*227 *07+(,S3(@+<2M$!!解析"根据第二段第二 句可知!快递机器人看起来像一个方形的盒子" ,$H1+B(@+=1++B+,25=1+@2<2=(/A =1+B4(/ >30A+=1+ @2<2=$!!解析"根据第二段最后一句可知!摄像机是机 器人的眼睛!它们可以引导机器人" $$I=0,+M)+/,0?+=2<30*A ,341 (@2<2=$.H1+B4(//2==(7+ >22A,=2=1+A22@*07+(@+(*A+*0?+@BD(/$!!解析" ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 根据 )# 参考答案与重难题解析!河北英语 新 题 型 培 优 练 最后一段最后两句可知!建造这样一个机器人是昂贵 的" 它们不能像真正的送货员那样把货物送到门口" &$I=10/7 =1+A+*0?+@BD+/ (@+<+=+@$I=10/7 0=0,41+() =2 D(7+=1+A+*0?+@BD+/ A+*0?+@=1+>22A,(/A =1+B4(/ =(7+ >22A,=2=1+A22@,$+开放性试题!言之有理即可, 5F;;FC7!&!主旨大意"本文是一篇说明文" 主要介绍了 眼镜的发展" !$I/ =1+Va=1 4+/=3@B$!!解析"根据第一段第二句可知! 第一副可佩戴眼镜是在 Va世纪出现的" "$&+4(3,+@+(A0/><+4(D+D2@+)2)3*(@$!!解析"根据第 二段最后一句可知!可能是因为阅读变得更受欢迎!所 以眼镜在这个时期变得更加常见" ,$b0?+10D(/ +B+=+,=$!!解析"根据第三段第四句可知! 眼科医生会对人们进行视力测试!以判断他们是否需 要一副眼镜" $$H1+B(@+,25=+@(/A 4(/ <+C2@/ (*A(B$!!解析"根据第 三段倒数第二句可知!现在的隐形眼镜更软!可以戴一 整天" &$Q+,! IA2$&+4(3,+I4(/ =@BA05+@+/=,=B*+,(/A 1(?+( <+=+@*227$.[2! IA2/E=$&+4(3,+0=D(B1(?+(/ 0/5*3+/4+ 2/ DBA(0*B(4=0?0=0+,$+开放性试题!言之有理即可, 5F;;FC7!'!主旨大意"本文是一篇说明文" 主要介绍了 中国年轻人用拥抱树木来减压#以及解释了这一行为背 后的科学依据" !$K3>>0/>(=@++$!!解析"根据第一段第二(三句可知! 许多年轻人通过抱树来缓解压力" "$&+4(3,+13D(/E,*2?+52@/(=3@+0,#0/ 23@8[%%$ !解析"根据第二段最后三句可知!人们喜爱大自然(绿 色的景观以及可爱的动物是因为人们对自然的热爱 #存在于我们的8[%中%" ,$H1+10>1+@=1+*+?+*252MB=240/ 0,! =1+1())0+@)+2)*+D(B <+$!!解析"根据第三段倒数第二句可知!催产素水平 越高!你可能就越快乐" $$F+,123*A/E=13@=/(=3@+$!!解析"根据第五段第一句 可知!我们要记住不应该在做这件事的时候伤害自然" &$I3,3(*B*0,=+/ =2D3,04$&+4(3,+D3,044(/ 1+*) D+5++* 4(*D(/A @+*(M+A$+开放性试题!言之有理即可, 5F;;FC7!(!主旨大意"本文是一篇说明文" 主要介绍了 自然物品和人造物品的区别#并通过冰'胶水'铅笔和钱 的例子说明了哪些物品是自然的#哪些是人造的#以及人 造物品是如何制造的" !$H1+B)3=(=*+(,=523@D(=+@0(*,=2>+=1+@0/ (/+CC(B=2 )@2A34+>*3+$!!解析"根据第四段倒数第二句可知!许 多胶水公司用一种新的方法将至少四种材料放在一起 生产胶水" "$F22A! >@()10=+(/A 4*(B=1(=42D+5@2D/(=3@+$ !解析"根据第五段第一句可知!铅笔主要是由来自大 自然的木头(石墨和粘土制成的" ,$G)+40(*D(410/+,(/A )@0/=0/>,70*,$!!解析"根据第六 段最后一句可知!制造货币需要特殊的机器和印刷技 术将纸或金属制成货币" $$H1+04+2/ =1+@0?+@.b*3++ 3,+A, 0/ =1+)(,=.F22A. b@()10=+.'*(B$!!解析"根据第二段最后一句(第四段 第二句(第五段第一句可知!天然的物品有河上的冰( 过去使用的胶水(木头(石墨(粘土" &$I=E,>22A$&+4(3,+0=D(7+,)+2)*+E,*0?+,D2@+42/?+/0+/=$. I=E,<(A$&+4(3,+,2D+D(/RD(A+=10/>,(@+1(@D53*=2=1+ +/?0@2/D+/=(/A )+2)*+E,1+(*=1$+开放性试题!言之有理 即可, 5F;;FC7!*!主旨大意"本文是一篇说明文" 主要介绍了 中国的书法艺术" !$U2@d!WWW =2]!WWW B+(@,$!!解析"根据第一段第三句 可知!中国书法有 dWWW 至 ]WWW 年的历史" "$H1+41(/>+,25=1+,=@27+,(/A =1+,)(4+,<+=C++/ 41(@(4R =+@,$!!解析"根据第一段最后一句可知!当你练习书 法时!很重要的是要注意笔画的变化和汉字之间的 空间" ,$F1+/ 1+,(CO1(/>8(S0(/E,C2@7,$!!解析"根据第三 段最后一句可知!Y04(,,2一看到张大千的作品就爱上 了中国书法" $$H2+/T2B=1+)+(4+53*D0/A$!!解析"根据最后一段最后 一句可知!各年龄段的中国人经常练习书法是为了享 受心灵的宁静" &$I=4(/ 1+*) D+<+D2@+)(=0+/=(/A 1(?+(<+(3=053*1(/AR C@0=0/>$+开放性试题!言之有理即可, 5F;;FC7!+!主旨大意"本文是一篇说明文" 主要介绍了 动物天生就具有某些不寻常的方向感" !$&+4(3,+=1+B(@+<2@/ C0=1 4+@=(0/ ,)+40(*(<0*0=0+,52@ A0@+4=02/$!!解析"根据第一段倒数第二句可知!研究 表明!动物天生具有某些特殊的定向能力" "$&B423/=0/>=1+0@,=+),$!!解析"根据第二段第一句可 知!蚂蚁可以计算自己的步数!以避免迷路" ,$G2D+(/0D(*,4(/ ,+/,+=1++(@=1E,D(>/+=0450+*A! C10*+ 13D(/,4(/E=$!!解析"根据第四段第一句可知!有些 动物能感知地球磁场!而人类却不能" $$8+(*0/>C0=1 +/?0@2/D+/=(*41(/>+,4(3,+A <B13D(/ (4=0?0=0+,$!!解析"根据最后一段第一句可知!拥有如 此不寻常能力的动物仍然难以应对人类活动造成的环 境变化" &$%/0D(*,1(?+D(/B3/<+*0+?(<*+(<0*0=0+,$%/A C+13D(/, ,123*A (*,2=@B23@<+,==2)@2?0A+(D2@+5@0+/A*B+/?0@2/R D+/=52@(/0D(*,$+开放性试题!言之有理即可, 5F;;FC7"#!主旨大意"本文是一篇说明文" 主要介绍为 了防止一些地方方言消失#中国政府启动了汉语资源保 护项目" !$&+4(3,+=1+'10/+,+>2?+@/D+/=C(/=+A =2,(?+=1+*24(* A0(*+4=,$!!解析"根据第一段第二(三句可知!中国政 府要启动这个项目的原因是想拯救方言" "$N/ (/ 2/*0/+*0<@(@B$!!解析"根据第二段最后一句可 知!有一个在线图书馆!人们可以从 ]cW 多万个音频片 段和 ]WW多万个视频中学习方言" ,$K+=10/7,A0(*+4=,(@+(7+B=2,=2@0/>*24(*43*=3@+,$ !解析"根据第三段第二句可知!英国语言学家 K(@2*A Y(*D+@认为方言是储存当地文化的关键" $$K+0,C2@B0/>(<23==1+A0,())+(@0/>25A0(*+4=,$ !解析"根据第四段第一句可知! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 学者张宏明担心方言 *#