专题03 阅读理解之说明文（25年河南省一模新题速递）-【好题汇编】2025年中考英语一模试题分类汇编（河南专用）

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题03 阅读理解之说明文（25年河南省一模新题速递） Passage1（2025年河南省郑州市中考一模 ） Lenses (镜片) are useful tools that help us see things more clearly. They are widely used in our daily lives. They can help us read small words in books and take clear photos. They are also used to help people who have trouble seeing things clearly, like those who can’t see far away or those who can’t see things up close. There are many kinds of lenses, but today we will talk about convex and concave lenses. Imagine you’re using a magnifying glass (放大镜) to read small words in a book. What happens when you move the glass closer to the words? The letters get bigger, right? That’s the power of a convex lens. Convex lenses are thicker in the middle and thinner at the sides. When light passes through a convex lens, it is brought together at a single point called the focus. This is why magnifying glasses, camera lenses, and even the lenses for some old people use convex lenses to see more clearly. Different from convex lenses, concave lenses are thinner in the middle and thicker at the sides. When light passes through concave lenses, it spreads out. You can find concave lenses in your daily life. For example, if you are nearsighted (近视的), your glasses probably have concave lenses. You are nearsighted because the light entering your eyes does not focus exactly on the retina (视网膜). When you wear glasses with concave lenses, the light spreads out first and then enters the eyes, allowing it to focus correctly on the retina. In this way, you can see things clearly. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．How lenses work. B．What lenses look like. C．What lenses are used for. D．How many kinds of lenses there are. 2．Which of the following have convex lenses according to the text? a. Cameras.    b. Mirrors.    c. Magnifying glasses.    d. Nearsighted glasses. A．a, c B．a, d C．b, c D．b, d 3．How does the concave lens work? A．B．C． D． 4．How does the writer mainly organize the text in the last paragraph? A．Facts→Opinions. B．Descriptions→Examples. C．Causes→Effects. D．Problems→Solutions. 5．What is the purpose of the text? A．To express feelings of using different lenses. B．To give advice on how to learn physics well. C．To offer information about science in daily life. D．To encourage students to use more modern tools. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】 本文介绍了凸透镜和凹透镜的特点及其在日常生活中的应用。 1．段落大意题。第一段主要介绍了镜片的用途，包括帮助阅读、拍照和矫正视力等。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“This is why magnifying glasses, camera lenses, and even the lenses for some old people use convex lenses to see more clearly.”可知，相机和放大镜使用凸透镜。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“When you wear glasses with concave lenses, the light spreads out first and then enters the eyes, allowing it to focus correctly on the retina.”（当你佩戴凹透镜眼镜时，光线先扩散，然后进入眼睛，使其正确聚焦在视网膜上。）可推知，凹透镜的工作原理是“光线先扩散，然后聚焦”。故选D。 4．细节理解题。最后一段先描述了凹透镜的特点，然后通过近视眼镜的例子说明其应用，因此结构是“描述→举例”。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。本文通过介绍凸透镜和凹透镜的特点及其应用，旨在提供日常生活中与科学相关的信息。故选C。 Passage2（2025年河南省实验中学中考一模 ） When you are busy with your schoolwork, you might find it tough to get enough sleep. We all know that not getting enough sleep is bad for our health. But it has been found that less sleep could even cause you to have fewer friends, the Guardian reported. According to researchers from the University of California, people who don’t get enough sleep are less willing to socialize (社交) with others. They are simply too tired to go out. The researchers did a small study. They tested 18 young people who just had a good night’s sleep as well as tested them again after a sleepless night. The participants watched videos of people with neutral (中性的) expressions walking toward them. When the person on the video got too “close” to them, they pushed a button to stop the video, which recorded how close they allowed the person to get. The results showed that people kept the person at a distance of 60 percent further back if they hadn’t gotten enough sleep. They felt that their personal space was being invaded (侵占). But when the participants got a good night’s sleep, they allowed the person to get much closer to them. According to lead researcher Matthew Walker, the less sleep you get, the less you want to socialize with others. In turn, other people may think you are weird and stay away from you. This can make you feel lonely and cause you to sleep even less. It becomes a vicious cycle (恶性循环). So if you want to be a more sociable and popular person, sleeping well might help. “One night of good sleep makes you feel more outgoing and socially confident,” Walker told the Daily Mail. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 6．What does the first sentence mean in the first paragraph? A．Students are too busy with their schoolwork. B．Students have too much stress to go to sleep. C．Students are not allowed to get enough sleep by their teachers and parents. D．Students are too busy with their schoolwork to have enough time to sleep. 7．Researchers from the University of California believe that less sleep ________. A．makes school life harder B．makes people less sociable C．is good for one’s health D．causes people to become nervous 8．How did the researchers prove their point? A．They did a study of 18 young people. B．They watched videos of sleepy people. C．They interviewed people on the street. D．They invited people to play a game. 9．The underlined word “participants” in Paragraph 3 means ________. A．researchers from the university B．people with neutral expressions C．the tested young people D．the sociable people 10．What can we learn from the passage? A．The less sleep you get, the more friends you will have. B．One night of bad sleep makes you feel more confident. C．If you want to be more sociable, you should sleep well. D．People who get enough sleep keep others at a distance. 【答案】6．D 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了睡眠不足会影响人们的社交，并详细介绍了研究人员的研究过程与结果。 6．词句猜测题。“When you are busy with your schoolwork, you might find it tough to get enough sleep.”的含义是“当你忙于学校的作业时，你可能会发现很难得到充足的睡眠”，也就是说学生课业太多，以至于无法获得充足的睡眠。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据“According to researchers from the University of California, people who don’t get enough sleep are less willing to socialize (社交) with others.”可知，睡眠不足不利于社交。故选B。 8．细节理解题。根据“The researchers did a small study. They tested 18 young people who just had a good night’s sleep as well as tested them again after a sleepless night.”可知，他们研究测试了18个年轻人。故选A。 9．词句猜测题。根据上文“They tested 18 young people who just had a good night’s sleep as well as tested them again after a sleepless night.”可知，研究员测试了18个人，此处画线词指的就是参与测试的人。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据“less sleep could even cause you to have fewer friends”以及“One night of good sleep makes you feel more outgoing and socially confident,”可知，睡眠不足会影响人们的社交，所以如果你想更善于交际，你应该睡个好觉。故选C。 Passage3（2025年河南省郑州市登封市中考一模 ） Bad moods (情绪) can be difficult for you and the people around you to deal with. However, people can’t be happy all the time, and it is normal to have bad moods. The best way to improve moods changes from person to person, but trying the following methods can help you find what works for you! Do something you enjoy. This may sound unclear, but that’s partly because different people have different interests. The key point is that doing something you enjoy will improve your mood by cutting your stress. You know your own interests better than anyone else, so think about what makes you feel happy and allow yourself to do that thing. Make yourself laugh. Laughing can actually change the chemistry in your body. Things that can make you laugh may include: talking to a funny friend, watching a humorous video or a funny TV show, reading funny articles and so on. Exercise. There is a strong relation between exercise and moods. Most people experience an improved mood within 5 minutes of exercise. There are many different kinds of exercise, and anything that elevates your heart rate (心率) may improve your mood. You can choose running, swimming or dancing. Eat a healthy meal or snack. When you are hungry, it is easy for you to get angry. So food has something to do with moods. Eating a healthy meal can make you feel healthier and happier. Fruit and vegetables are good choices. Getting healthy fats can also make you feel full longer. However, avoid fat-free foods. They often don’t have enough nutrition (营养) and may leave you feeling unhappy. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 11．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．It’s easy to deal with a bad mood. B．It’s not common to have a bad mood. C．Everyone can use the same way to avoid a bad mood. D．People can find right methods to do with a bad mood. 12．What does the underlined word “elevates” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Changes. B．Reports. C．Drops. D．Increases. 13．Which of the following is not a proper way of dealing with a bad mood? A．Watching a funny TV show. B．Eating fat-free foods. C．Running in the park. D．Doing something you love. 14．What is the structure of the text? (①= Paragraph 1, ②= Paragraph 2…) A．①/②③④⑤ B．①②③④/⑤ C．①/②③④/⑤ D．①②③/④⑤ 15．What’s the best title for the text? A．How to Keep a Good Mood B．How to Get Out of a Bad Mood C．Things That Influence Your Mood D．The Relation Between Food and Mood 【答案】11．D 12．D 13．B 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了摆脱坏情绪的方法。 11．细节理解题。根据“The best way to improve moods changes from person to person”可知，改善情绪的最佳方法因人而异，即人们可以找到正确的方法来处理坏心情。故选D。 12．词句猜测题。根据“There are many different kinds of exercise, and anything that elevates your heart rate (心率) may improve your mood.”可知，运动能提高心率，任何能提高心率的运动都可能改善你的情绪，可推测出“elevates”意为“增加”，与“increase”意思相近。故选D。 13．细节理解题。根据“However, avoid fat-free foods. They often don’t have enough nutrition (营养) and may leave you feeling unhappy.”可知，要避免无脂肪的食物，它们通常没有足够的营养，可能会让你感到不开心。故选B。 14．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出话题，指出坏情绪常见且人们能找到适合自己的改善方法；第二、三、四、五段分别介绍了做喜欢的事、让自己笑、锻炼、吃健康食物或零食等改善坏情绪的方法；文章是总分结构，所以结构为①/②③④⑤。故选A。 15．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了摆脱坏情绪的方法，选项B“如何摆脱坏心情”为最佳标题。故选B。 Passage4（2025年河南省新乡市中考一模 ） ①Have you ever wished you could fly like a bird? Well, a French inventor has created something that might make your dream come true. It’s called the Airscooter (空中滑板车). The Airscooter is like a magic egg that can fly! But how does it work? Let’s find out! ②The Airscooter has a special look. On the top of it, there are six spinning blades ( 叶 片 ) called rotors. Each rotor spins ( 旋 转 ) around really fast. When the rotors spin, they push air down. This might sound funny, but it’s true! When they push air down, the air pushes back up on the Airscooter. This upward push is called lift, and it’s what lets the Airscooter fly. ③How about the speed about it? The Airscooter is super fast. It can move through the air at 100 kilometers an hour! That’s faster than most cars on the road. So it can help people save time greatly. ④Here is the best part: You don’t have to be a pilot to fly it. The inventor says it’s so easy to drive that you won’t need lots of practice. Just get in and you’re ready to fly. The Airscooter can flyas high as 2,900 meters. That’s higher than most birds. From up there, you can see everything below in a way you’ve never seen before. The world looks like a beautiful painting from such a height. ⑤All in all, the Airscooter is a mix of science and magic. It’s a car that can fly, and it’s as simple to use as a bicycle. It’s like having a personal airplane that you can take anywhere you want. In the future, maybe we’ll all have our own Airscooter. We can fly over traffic jams and reach our friends’houses in no time. For now, it’s still a dream. But with inventions like the Airscooter, our dream is getting closer and closer. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 16．Which of the following pictures may be the “Airscooter”? A． B． C． D． 17．What allows the Airscooter to fly according to Paragraph 2? A．The large size. B．The upward push. C．Its magic look. D．Its special shape. 18．How far can you travel if you drive an Airscooter for two hours? A．About 100 kilometers. B．About 150 kilometers. C．About 200 kilometers. D．About 2,900 kilometers 19．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The problems with traffic. B．The popularity of the Airscooter. C．The cost of the Airscooter. D．The future possibilities of the Airscooter. 20．Which of the following best describes the structure of the text? (①=Paragraph 1) A． B． C． D． 【答案】16．A 17．B 18．C 19．D 20．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了一种新型交通工具“空中滑板车”，介绍了它的原理和使用方法。 16．推理判断题。根据“On the top of it, there are six spinning blades ( 叶 片 ) called rotors.”可知，在它的顶部，有六个旋转的叶片，选项A所示的图片形状与文中描述最吻合。故选A。 17．细节理解题。根据“This upward push is called lift, and it’s what lets the Airscooter fly.”可知，向上的推力是让空中滑板车飞行的原因。故选B。 18．推理判断题。根据“It can move through the air at 100 kilometers an hour!”可知，两个小时飞行200公里。故选C。 19．主旨大意题。根据“All in all, the Airscooter is a mix of science and magic.”及“In the future, maybe we’ll all have our own Airscooter.”可知，本段主要讲述了空中滑板车的未来可能性。故选D。 20．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，本文第一段引入空中滑板车这种新型交通工具，第二三四段分别从飞行摩托的特点、优势和未来三个方面进行介绍，最后一段进行总结。故选B。 Passage5（2025年河南师范大学附属中学中考一模 ） On January 20, 2025, a Chinese tech company made a new AI called Deepseek. It quickly became the most downloaded free app on the Apple App Store worldwide, followed by ChatGPT from Open AI. This smart program can solve math problems, write code (编码), and answer questions like top models such as Open AP’s GPT-40, but it costs much less to build. A CNBC report agreed, “Deepseek has a place in the U.S. AI market, because it can beat American’s best AI with less cost and less-powerful chips (芯片).” It shows that good ideas can beat big money. Usually, AIs need lots of prepared examples to improve. However, Deepseek learns by itself. For example, when dealing with users’ questions or recognizing images, Deepseek doesn’t need a lot of pre-made examples like old-style AIs. It just figures things out on its own and does a much better job. Therefore, it can help run on low-cost computers, helping schools and small companies. What’s even better for these organizations is that Deepseek is open-source. It’s like a shared recipe (配方). Everyone can see the ingredients and change it to suit their taste. Likewise, Deepseek users can change the code to fit their needs without asking anyone for permission (允许). A Meta top scientist said, “This kind of free AI could change the world.” These outstanding advantages of Deepseek has attracted widespread attention. More and more international companies want to partner with Chinese AI labs, making China’s voice in the international AI market louder. At the same time, many foreign companies plan to put more money in AI research to develop advanced AI like Deepseek. Deepseek, as a rising AI star, has a bright future. It can be changed for online shopping and medical imaging. Working with labs and cloud service providers will make it bigger, and the open-source community will help, too. However, nothing is perfect in the world. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 21．What is Deepseek according to the passage? A．A popular app on the Android store. B．A top model from Open AI. C．A new AI made by a Chinese tech company. D．A company for making chips. 22．What makes Deepseek different from traditional AIs in learning? A．It uses expensive chips. B．It requires permission to change code. C．It needs many pre-made examples. D．It learns on its own. 23．What does the underlined word “open-source” mean in Paragraph 4? A．only for schools. B．locked and protected. C．needing special permission. D．free to use and change. 24．What can we learn from the text? A．Deepseek will take the place of ChatGPT in the future. B．Deepseek shows cheap and creative AI can succeed globally. C．Chinese companies always beat American ones. D．All AIs need expensive chips to work well. 25．What will the writer probably discuss after the last paragraph? A．The reasons why Deepseek has a bright future. B．The expectation of Deepseek to broaden its market. C．The plans of Deepseek to partner with other AI companies. D．The challenges or problems that Deepseek may face. 【答案】21．C 22．D 23．D 24．B 25．D 【导语】本文主要介绍中国科技公司开发的新AI应用Deepseek迅速走红，其以低成本、低配置芯片实现高性能，具备自我学习能力，且为开源软件，可供用户自由修改代码。Deepseek的诸多优势吸引了国际关注，促进了中外AI领域的合作与发展，未来应用前景广阔，但也暗示着仍有改进空间。 21．细节理解题。根据“On January 20, 2025, a Chinese tech company made a new AI called Deepseek.”可知，Deepseek是由一家中国科技公司开发的新人工智能。故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据“However, Deepseek learns by itself.”可知，在学习方面，Deepseek与传统人工智能的不同之处在于Deepseek是自己学习的。故选D。 23．词句猜测题。根据“Everyone can see the ingredients and change it to suit their taste. Likewise, Deepseek users can change the code to fit their needs without asking anyone for permission (允许).”可知，每个人都能看到配方并改变它以适合自己的口味。同样，Deepseek用户可以在不向任何人请求许可的情况下更改代码以适应他们的需求。由此可推知，划线词意为“自由使用和改变”。故选D。 24．推理判断题。根据“This smart program can solve math problems, write code (编码), and answer questions like top models such as Open AP’s GPT-40, but it costs much less to build.”可知，这个智能程序可以解决数学问题，编写代码，并像Open AP的GPT-40这样的顶级模型一样回答问题，但它的构建成本要低得多。由此可推知，Deepseek表明廉价和具有创造力的人工智能可以在全球范围内取得成功。故选B。 25．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段However, nothing is perfect in the world.''可知，然而，世界上没有完美的东西。由此可推知，作者将在最后一段之后讨论Deepseek可能面临的挑战或问题。故选D。 Passage6（2025年河南省焦作市中考一模 ） Lacquer (漆) art is a form of traditional art in China. It uses lacquer to paint on the surface of wares (器皿) or artwork. Lacquer comes from lacquer trees as a natural liquid (液体). When you use lacquer for painting, it can stop wares from going bad. It can also help against high temperatures. If you heat the lacquer and add colors, it becomes colorful. The lacquerware looks nice and it is also useful. China was the first country to use lacquer. People started using it in the Xia Dynasty. By the Han Dynasty, lacquerware became part of everyday life. In ancient times, there were many lacquer trees in China. The famous thinker Zhuang Zi took care of a lacquer tree garden during the Warring States Period. Early lacquerware was simple. It was made from wood or bamboo and painted with lacquer. Over time, new skills like colored patterns and gold decorations (装饰品) appeared. Different dynasties had their own styles of lacquerware. In the Han Dynasty, popular lacquer items included boxes, plates, earrings, and masks and so on. They were mostly red and black. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, lacquerware making reached a new high. Lacquer techniques mixed with building and furniture making. And people paid more attention to the looks. Today, the main places for making lacquerware are Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Pingyao in Shanxi Province, Yangzhou in Jiangsu Province, Dafang in Guizhou Province, Tianshui in Gansu Province, Yichun in Jiangxi Province, and Fengxiang in Shaanxi Province. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 26．When did Chinese people first start to use lacquer? A．In the Xia Dynasty. B．In the Han Dynasty. C．In the Warring States Period. D．In the Ming and Qing Dynasties. 27．What was early lacquerware made from? A．Gold. B．Clay. C．Wood or bamboo. D．Plastics. 28．How does the writer develop the text in Paragraph 3? A．In the order of time. B．In the order of space. C．In the order of events. D．In the order of importance. 29．Which is not a main place for making lacquerware? A．Chongqing. B．Yangzhou. C．Pingyao. D．Suzhou. 30．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To teach us how to make lacquerware. B．To introduce a form of traditional art. C．To encourage us to pass on and develop the art. D．To tell us the importance of traditional Chinese culture. 【答案】26．A 27．C 28．A 29．D 30．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了一种中国传统的艺术——漆器艺术。 26．细节理解题。根据第二段“China was the first country to use lacquer. People started using it in the Xia Dynasty.”可知，中国人在夏朝开始使用漆。故选A。 27．细节理解题。根据第三段“Early lacquerware was simple. It was made from wood or bamboo and painted with lacquer.”可知，早期的漆器由木头或竹子制成，故选C。 28．推理判断题。阅读第三段可知，本段按时间介绍了漆器的发展，从早期的漆器、到汉代、再到明、清朝，所以是按时间的顺序展开的，故选A。 29．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Today, the main places for making lacquerware are Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Pingyao in Shanxi Province, Yangzhou in Jiangsu Province, Dafang in Guizhou Province, Tianshui in Gansu Province, Yichun in Jiangxi Province, and Fengxiang in Shaanxi Province.”可知，主要生产漆器的地方有重庆、扬州、平遥，没有提到苏州，故选D。 30．推理判断题。阅读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种中国传统的艺术——漆器艺术，故选B。 Passage7（2025年河南省焦作市沁阳市中考一模 ） What do you do when you’re angry? Some people vent (发泄). They may shout or hit something to get their anger out. New research said that it doesn’t actually help. In fact, it might make things worse. Sophie Kjaervik and Brad Bushman led the research. They looked at 154 studies including more than 10,000 people from more than 20 countries. The experts said the results were the same for people of all ages wherever they came from. “Angry people want to hit, kick or scream (踢或尖叫),” said Bushman. “But that doesn’t work. People say they feel better after, but this feeling just makes them more probably do it again.” He said venting is the worst thing you can do. Kjaervik explained how they did their work. They collected research on anger and activities. And then they looked at the influences of different activities on people’s heart rate (心率) and anger. The researchers found that activities like breathing and yoga (瑜伽) helped people relax. “We were surprised to find that all activities that calm down (使平静) your body are helpful in making people less angry,” said Kjaervik. So she gave some advice. “People should calm down their breathing,” Kjaervik said. “This can be done by simply lying down and breathing slowly and deeply. Imagine your angry thoughts flying away on a cloud, and that should make you less angry.” Bushman also gave advice on managing anger. He said that eating healthy food, like fruits and vegetables, can help. “To manage your anger, make sure you’ve had something to eat!” said Bushman. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 31．What did the new research find about venting? A．It makes people angrier over time. B．It is the best way to deal with anger. C．It helps people feel better for a long time. D．It only works for adults but not for children. 32．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A．Who led the research. B．Why the experts did their research. C．What the experts did for their research. D．How many people took part in the research. 33．What kind of activities did the experts find helpful in making people less angry? A．Creative activities. B．Relaxing activities. C．Interesting activities. D．Competitive activities. 34．What is Bushman’s advice on managing anger? A．Doing yoga. B．Going for a run. C．Breathing slowly. D．Eating healthy food. 35．Why did the writer write the passage? A．To tell people not to get angry easily. B．To ask people not to get their anger out. C．To share some experience in dealing with anger. D．To encourage people to deal with anger properly. 【答案】31．A 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了关于愤怒管理的最新研究发现和建议。 31．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But that doesn’t work. People say they feel better after, but this feeling just makes them more probably do it again.”可知，发泄愤怒虽然可能让人暂时感觉好一些，但会让人更容易再次发泄，长期来看会让人更愤怒。故选A。 32．主旨大意题。根据“Kjaervik explained how they did their work.”可知第三段主要讲述了研究人员如何收集关于愤怒和活动的数据，并分析了不同活动对心率和愤怒情绪的影响。故选C。 33．细节理解题。根据第四段中“We were surprised to find that all activities that calm down your body are helpful in making people less angry”可知，能够让人平静下来的活动有助于缓解愤怒。故选B。 34．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“He said that eating healthy food, like fruits and vegetables, can help.”可知，Bushman的建议是吃健康的食物。故选D。 35．主旨大意题。全文通过研究结果和建议，旨在鼓励人们用正确的方式（如放松活动和健康饮食）管理愤怒情绪。故选D。 Passage8（2025年河南省濮阳市濮阳油田实验学校中考一模 ） Are dolphins (海豚) brainy (聪明的)? The answer must be yes ! They can learn from other animals, play games, learn symbols and do much more. Humans have studied dolphins for many years to learn how their brains work. For example, people have seen dolphins use conch shells ( 海螺壳) to catch fish. It tells us that dolphins are good at using tools. In one study, scientists at a research center showed dolphins two boards, each with a different number of points. They taught the dolphins to pick out which board had fewer points. Then they showed the dolphins other sets of boards and asked them to point to the ones with the fewest points—this time with no help. The dolphins were able to do it, showing that they can understand some basic knowledge about numbers ! So dolphins are clearly clever. But are they “The Smartest Animal of All Time”? That’s hard to say. Animals show cleverness in many ways. Some have great memories (记忆力). Take an elephant as an example. It can make out an elephant it met many years ago and say “hello ”. Others are super problem-solvers, like octopuses (章鱼),who can work out how to open a can with a cover to get a treat inside. Monkeys can be fast learners, some birds have amazing senses of direction , and so on. All these kinds of cleverness are important , making it difficult to tell which animal is much smarter. At last , each animal is good at finding ways to live in the changeable environment. And this means one thing for sure : dolphins are the smartest of all in being dolphins! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 36．Why does the writer start the text by asking a question? A．To make a report. B．To do a survey. C．To tell a funny story. D．To catch readers’ interest . 37．How do we know dolphins are clearly clever in Paragraph 3 ? A．Dolphins can use tools. B．Dolphins can compare numbers . C．Dolphins can catch different boards. D．Dolphins can play games with people . 38．Which animal can remember old friends for many years? A．Elephant. B．Octopus. C．Dolphin D．Bird . 39．Which of the following would be the writer most probably agree with ? A．It’s hard to find clever animals in nature. B．Octopuses ‘ ability is not really important . C．Dolphins are the smartest animals on Earth . D．Each animal has its own ability to fit the environment . 40．In which unit of a textbook can the text be found ? A．Unit 1 Travelling around B．Unit 2 Sports and Fitness C．Unit 3 The World of animals D．Unit 4 Science and Technology 【答案】36．D 37．B 38．A 39．D 40．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了海豚的智慧表现，并探讨了不同动物在智力方面的独特能力。 36．细节理解题。根据文章开头“Are dolphins brainy? The answer must be yes!”通过提问引起读者兴趣，故选D。 37．细节理解题。根据第三段“The dolphins were able to do it, showing that they can understand some basic knowledge about numbers”可知海豚能比较数字，故选B。 38．细节理解题。根据第四段“Take an elephant as an example. It can make out an elephant it met many years ago”可知大象能记住多年前的朋友，故选A。 39．推理判断题。根据最后一段“each animal is good at finding ways to live in the changeable environment”可知作者认为每种动物都有适应环境的独特能力，故选D。 40．推理判断题。根据全文讨论动物智力表现的内容，最可能出现在“动物世界”单元，故选C。 Passage9（2025年河南省许昌市中考一模 ） Careless mistakes can not be completely avoided. Some might think they are just about being careless. But when we look closer, we can find that these mistakes actually show how we think. They show deeper patterns (方式) in our mind. Fixing them isn’t just about trying harder, it’s about changing how we learn and solve problems. One way to help is by keeping a “mistake notebook.” In this notebook, we write down the mistakes we make, like reading instructions wrongly, misunderstanding logic (逻辑), or working out numbers incorrectly. By doing this, we can see patterns in our mistakes and learn from them instead of feeling bad about them. Another good idea is to make lists for different subjects. For math, we can write down steps like checking our answers. For writing, we can review our papers and look for grammar mistakes. These lists are like little helpers that guide us through our work and help us make fewer mistakes. Taking breaks is important too. When we feel nervous, we should take a deep breath, think about how to deal with the problem, slow down. This helps us catch mistakes before they happen. And, it’s really important to celebrate when we make progress, even if it’s just a little bit. This makes us feel good about ourselves and keeps us focused on getting better. So, to fix careless mistakes, we need to change how we think and use some helpful tools. By doing these things, we can make fewer mistakes and learn more. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 41．Which of the following mistakes might NOT be found in a “mistake notebook”? A．Misreading instructions. B．Logical misunderstandings. C．Working out numbers incorrectly. D．A wrong decision in teamwork. 42．What is the use of making lists for different subjects according to paragraph 3? A．Showing us the importance of doing homework. B．Guiding us through our work and reduce mistakes. C．Helping us catch mistakes before they happen. D．Keeping us focused on getting better. 43．What are the correct ways to relax when you feel nervous according to the text? ①deep breath ②listen to music ③ talk to someone ④slow down ⑤think ⑥ play outside A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①④⑤ D．③④⑥ 44．Which of the following can be put in the mind map? A．Setting goals B．Celebrating Progress C．Working hard D．Focusing on mistakes 45．What is the purpose of the writer in writing this passage? A．To give tips on how to make fewer mistakes. B．To advise readers not to make mistakes. C．To explain why we make careless mistakes. D．To show the bad influence of making mistakes. 【答案】41．D 42．B 43．C 44．B 45．A 【导语】本文主要讨论了如何减少粗心错误。指出粗心错误难以完全避免，但其反映思考方式，可通过记“错误笔记本”、为不同科目列清单、适当休息以及庆祝进步等方法，改变思考方式，从而减少错误并学到更多。 41．细节理解题。根据“In this notebook, we write down the mistakes we make, like reading instructions wrongly, misunderstanding logic, or working out numbers incorrectly.”可知，读错说明、逻辑误解、计算错误都可能记录在错误笔记本中。故选D。 42．细节理解题。根据“These lists are like little helpers that guide us through our work and help us make fewer mistakes.”可知，列清单是为了引导我们学习并减少错误。故选B。 43．细节理解题。根据“Taking breaks is important too. When we feel nervous, we should take a deep breath, think about how to deal with the problem, slow down.”可知，正确方式是深呼吸、思考如何处理问题、放慢速度，即①④⑤。故选C。 44．细节理解题。根据“And, it’s really important to celebrate when we make progress”可知，且前文介绍了几种错误管理方法，这里“庆祝进步”符合思维导图中“错误管理”相关内容。故选B。 45．主旨大意题。文章围绕如何减少粗心错误展开，介绍了多种方法，A选项“给出减少错误的建议”符合题意。故选A。 Passage10（2025年河南省许昌市襄城县名校联盟九年级下学期一模 ） The company OpenAI introduced ChatGPT to the world. It is the latest type of AI chatboxes. A chatbox is a computer program that simulates (模仿) human conversation. Anyone can use ChatGPT now so that the company can collect people’s ideas on how to improve it. People have tested how ChatGPT works. Reporters found out that it was able to write articles with rightful opinions for newspapers. Teachers asked it to. write answers to exam questions. ChatGPT could almost get full marks. Even programmers, people who write computer code, tried out ChatGPT. It was able to solve difficult coding challenges and answer very quickly. It even wrote short poems to explain how the coding worked. In our daily life, it helped a father brainstorm ideas of a birthday party for his son that combined the kid's two favorites, rabbits and basketball. Moreover, when people ask ChatGPT questions, it can find mistakes. If it is asked what happened when Columbus arrived in America in 2023, older AIs might give a story. ChatGPT can recognize that Columbus reached America in the 1400s. It can also refuse to answer questions that are not proper. For example, ask it for advice on stealing a car. It will say that stealing a car is a serious crime and can have bad results. Instead, it gives advice such as “taking the bus”. ChatGPT might help people solve problems, but the AI is trained using texts from the Internet. Often, the texts are used without being allowed by the writers of those texts. Some argue that technology doesn't respect people's work. Some argue that people will use the ChatGPT to copy others' work and sell it as their own. In 2015, Elon Musk cofounded (共同创立) OpenAI, but left it in 2018. In 2022, he bought a famous social media platform and then he pointed out that OpenAI could use the platform's database for training in the past, but not for now. Some think this AI technology is bad for the earth, too. Training ChatGPT might make more than 284 tons of CO2 and lead to climate change that will heat up the earth. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 46．From the text we know that ChatGPT ________. A．always provides wrong answers B．needs to improve itself C．only collects teachers’ ideas D．helps train programmers 47．What does the underlined word “brainstorm” mean in Chinese in Paragraph 2? A．侧耳倾听 B．长吁短叹 C．走马观花 D．集思广益 48．Which of the following is most probably a conversation with ChatGPT? A．Q: What happened after paper was invented in America? AI: Paper started to change how knowledge was spread. B．Q: Is Li Bai, a poet in modern China, famous all over the world? AI: Yes, because his poems are fantastic. C．Q: Show me how to use other people’s bank card without being noticed. AI: For your information, that is against the law. D．Q: Find something for my mum as a Mother’s Day gift. She likes classic music and cooking AI: Among all the gifts listed online, there's no such gift. 49．What can we know from Paragraph 4? A．Training ChatGPT is good for the climate on the earth. B．ChatGPT used texts after being allowed by the writers. C．Musk bought the famous social media platform's database for OpenAI to use. D．Musk stopped OpenAI from using the famous social media platform's database. 50．What’s the structure of the text?（①=Paragraph   ②=Paragraph…） A．B． C． D． 【答案】46．B 47．D 48．C 49．D 50．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了OpenAI公司推出的ChatGPT，具体包括它能做什么以及存在的一些问题。 46．细节理解题。根据“Anyone can use ChatGPT for free now so that the company can collect people’s ideas on how to improve it.”可知，现在我们可以免费使用ChatGPT，这样公司可以收集人们的想法，帮助它进行改进。故选B。 47．词句猜测题。根据“In our daily life, it helped a father brainstorm ideas of a birthday party for his son that combines the kid’s two favorites, rabbits and basketball.”可知，ChatGPT结合了孩子最喜欢的两种东西，兔子和篮球，帮助一位父亲为他儿子的生日聚会集思广益，因此“brainstorm”的含义为“集思广益”。故选D。 48．推理判断题。根据“It can also refuse to answer questions that are not proper. For example, ask it for advice on stealing a car. It will say that stealing a car is a serious crime and can have bad results.”可知，ChatGPT会拒绝回答不恰当的问题；由此推知如果你向ChatGPT询问如何使用其他人的银行卡，它会告诉你这与法律相悖。故选C。 49．推理判断题。根据“In 2022, he bought Twitter and then he pointed out that OpenAI could use the Twitter database for training in the past, but not for now.”可知，马斯克指出OpenAI过去可以使用Twitter数据库进行训练，但现在不行；由此推知马斯克阻止OpenAI使用Twitter数据库。故选D。 50．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段是引出本文的话题ChatGPT；第二、三段介绍了ChatGPT能做什么；第四段是介绍它可能存在的一些问题。结合选项，C选项符合文章结构。故选C。 Passage11（2025年河南省开封市杞县中考一模 ） Have you ever had to give a speech in front of your class? How did it make you feel? Did you have butterflies in your stomach? Did your heart beat fast? Did your hands get all wet? Did your mouth feel dry? Did you forget what you wanted to say? If so, you are experiencing stage fright (怯场). Stage fright happens when you have to do something in front of a large crowd, like giving a speech or putting on a play. Many people get stage fright, even famous actors, singers and players. They also feel nervous when they have to perform in public. The good news is that there are ways to deal with stage fright. One of the best things to do is to get ready. It’s easier to feel sure of yourself if you know what you’ll say well. You can practice your speech or performance over and over until you have it down pat (了如指掌). Another piece of advice is to take some deep breaths before you step out in front of the crowd. Breathing slowly and deeply can help you relax. You can also give yourself a talk that cheers you up. Positive (积极的) self-talk can go a long way. It’s important to remember that everyone gets stage fright sometimes. So don’t be hard on yourself. Just hug those “butterflies”, take a deep breath, and give your all. When everything is over, you’ll be proud of yourself for having faced your fears, and you will feel as cool as a cucumber (泰然自若)! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 51．What is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A．When stage fright happens. B．What stage fright is like. C．Why you have stage fright. D．How you solve stage fright. 52．What does the writer think of stage fright? A．It’s useful. B．It’s unusual. C．It’s common. D．It’s necessary. 53．Which of the following ways to deal with stage fright in NOT mentioned in the text? A．Practicing a lot. B．Taking deep breaths. C．Encouraging yourself. D．Drinking some coffee. 54．What can you tell yourself before giving a speech in public according to Paragraph 4? A．I’ve got this! B．Serve me right! C．What a pity! D．I’m afraid I can’t! 55．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To explain the harm of being too hard on yourself. B．To introduce the importance of being proud of yourself. C．To encourage us to face feelings of nervousness and fear correctly. D．To help us know about stage fright problems of different people. 【答案】51．B 52．C 53．D 54．A 55．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了怯场的表现、普遍性以及应对怯场的方法，鼓励人们正确面对紧张和恐惧的情绪。 51．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Have you ever had to give a speech in front of your class? How did it make you feel? Did you have butterflies in your stomach? Did your heart beat fast? Did your hands get all wet? Did your mouth feel dry? Did you forget what you wanted to say? If so, you are experiencing stage fright (怯场). ”可知，第一段主要描述了怯场时的具体感受，如心跳加速、手心出汗、口干舌燥等。因此，第一段主要讲述的是怯场是什么样子的。故选B。 52．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Many people get stage fright, even famous actors, singers and players. They also feel nervous when they have to perform in public.”可知，作者认为怯场是很常见的现象，即使是著名的演员、歌手和运动员也会感到紧张。因此，作者认为怯场是普遍的。故选C。 53．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“You can practice your speech or performance over and over until you have it down pat (了如指掌). ”可知，A选项“多练习”被提及；根据文章第四段“Another piece of advice is to take some deep breaths before you step out in front of the crowd.”可知，B选项“深呼吸”被提及；根据文章第四段“You can also give yourself a talk that cheers you up. Positive (积极的) self-talk can go a long way.”可知，C选项“鼓励自己”被提及；而D选项“喝一些咖啡”在文章中并未提及。故选D。 54．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“You can also give yourself a talk that cheers you up. Positive (积极的) self-talk can go a long way.”可知，在公共场合演讲前，你可以给自己一些积极的自我暗示来鼓励自己。A选项“I’ve got this!”表示“我能行！”，是一种积极的自我暗示，符合文章的建议。故选A。 55．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“It’s important to remember that everyone gets stage fright sometimes. So don’t be hard on yourself. Just hug those “butterflies”, take a deep breath, and give your all. When everything is over, you’ll be proud of yourself for having faced your fears, and you will feel as cool as a cucumber (泰然自若)!”可知，作者的写作目的是鼓励我们正确面对紧张和恐惧的情绪，不要过于苛责自己，要勇敢面对并克服怯场。因此，C选项“鼓励我们正确面对紧张和恐惧的情绪”是正确答案。故选C。 Passage12（2025年河南省洛阳市涧西区中考一模 ） Have you read Dune (《沙丘》) or watched the films? On the desert planet Arrakis, people wear specially designed suits. These suits collect sweat (汗液) and urine (尿液) and turn them into clean drinking water. This may sound like magic, but some water-stressed places in the world are already recycling wastewater in similar ways. Astronauts in space depend on recycled water, too. But what about us? “We don’t live in space or on a desert planet,” you might say. “Why would we ever need to turn our sweat and urine into drinking water?” Well, we might not start by recycling wastewater for drinking, but we can recycle it for other uses. Let’s think about flushing (冲) toilets, for example. Every day, plenty of clean fresh water are used to flush away human waste. This doesn’t seem like the wisest use of our fresh water, does it? Some people are already rethinking such practices. They are looking for smarter ways to use water. I recently visited Jenfelder, a new neighborhood in Hamburg, Germany, with a wastewater reuse project! Traditionally, water comes into a city from outside, and wastewater is sent back to treatment factories far away. This new system separates wastewater into three streams to be reused locally. Rainwater is collected to water the gardens. “Gray water” from kitchen and bathroom is used to flush toilets. And “Black water” from toilets is sent to a local treatment factory to be turned into biogas (沼气). The system reduces water use by 30 percent and produce electricity for hundreds of homes. Perhaps all new neighborhoods around the world could follow Jenfelder’s example. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 56．What’s special about people’s shirts on the planet Arrakis? A．They are made for astronauts. B．They can produce sweat and urine. C．They are invented by famous film stars. D．They turn sweat and urine into clean water. 57．How does the writer develop opinions of recycling in paragraph 2? A．By telling a joke. B．By asking questions. C．By making a survey. D．By using an old saying. 58．Which mind map shows the new system in paragraph 4? A． B． C． D． 59．Which opinion might the writer agree with? A．It’s not possible to recycle wastewater from Urine. B．We should start recycling wastewater for drinking first. C．It’s not wise to flush away human waste with fresh water. D．The new system can reduce electricity use by 30 percent. 60．What’s the best title for the text? A．Turning waste into wonder B．Visiting a talented neighbor C．How to solve water pollution D．How to live on the desert planet 【答案】56．D 57．B 58．D 59．C 60．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了通过回收利用废水来节约水资源。 56．细节理解题。根据文中“These suits collect sweat and urine and turn them into clean drinking water.”可知，阿拉基斯星球上人们的衬衫可以把汗液和尿液变成干净的水。故选D。 57．细节理解题。根据文中“But what about us? ‘We don’t live in space or on a desert planet,’ you might say. ‘Why would we ever need to turn our sweat and urine into drinking water?’ ”可知，文章第二段中，作者通过提出问题来发展循环利用水资源的观点。故选B。 58．细节理解题。根据文中“ Rainwater is collected to water the gardens. ‘Gray water’ from kitchen and bathroom is used to flush toilets. And ‘Black water’ from toilets is sent to a local treatment factory to be turned into biogas”可知，雨水用来浇灌花园；“灰水”用来冲厕所；“黑水”用来变成沼气。选项D的思维导图符合题意。故选D。 59．推理判断题。根据文中“Every day, plenty of clean fresh water are used to flush away human waste. This doesn’t seem like the wisest use of our fresh water, does it?”可知，作者认为用淡水冲掉人类的排泄物是不明智的。故选C。 60．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了通过回收利用废水来节约水资源。选项A“变废为宝”符合题意。故选A。 Passage13（2025年河南省洛阳市洛龙区中考一模 ） By the light of the moon on a warm night in May, James Wilson stood on a beach in Trinidad in the Caribbean. He watched a leatherback sea turtle slowly moving onto the beach. “You could just see how much effort it took for it to make its way up there, ” the 16-year-old said. “It was quite amazing. ” Every year, leatherback sea turtles lay their eggs on beaches in Trinidad. In the summer and fall, they swim to the shores of Nova Scotia, Canada for food. But it can be a dangerous journey. They sometimes get caught in fishing tools. And their population is getting smaller because of pollution and climate change. According to Kathleen Martin from the Canadian Sea Turtle Network, even though leatherback sea turtles are an ancient species, we still know very little about them, like how quickly they grow and how long they live. James is part of a group of 12 volunteers who collect information on the endangered species, such as their size and movements, in the hope of saving them. In Trinidad, James gets to watch the turtles on the beach. When they pay their attention to laying their eggs, James and the other volunteers get to work. They put tags on the turtles so that scientists can find them easily later when they return. James also has a chance to see the baby turtles. After coming out of the eggs, the baby turtles try hard to get in the water no matter how big the waves are. “They are lovely and strong-willed, ” James said. James loves turtles and he hopes everyone can do something to help. Although it’s not possible for everyone to do volunteer work like him, people can help the environment in other ways, like picking up waste. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 61．The writer starts the passage by ________. A．telling a story B．making a report C．describing a scene D．showing an opinion 62．What is the main reason for the decreasing population of leatherback sea turtles? A．People hunt them for food. B．They have difficulty finding food. C．Pollution and climate change. D．They are killed by other animals. 63．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The turtles. B．The scientists. C．The volunteers. D．The fishing tools. 64．How do scientists track the leatherback sea turtles? A．By collecting their eggs. B．By searching the beaches regularly. C．By using the tags on the turtles. D．By following their unique tracks. 65．What is James’ expectation? A．Everyone should do volunteer work. B．People should help protect the environment. C．Turtles can live a longer life. D．More people will study turtles. 【答案】61．C 62．C 63．A 64．C 65．B 【导语】本文讲述了詹姆斯・威尔逊作为志愿者在特立尼达海滩观察棱皮龟的经历。 61．细节理解题。根据“By the light of the moon on a warm night in May, James Wilson stood on a beach in Trinidad in the Caribbean. He watched a leatherback sea turtle slowly moving onto the beach. “You could just see how much effort it took for it to make its way up there, ” the 16-year-old said. “It was quite amazing. ””可知，文章开篇描述了五月温暖夜晚，詹姆斯在特立尼达海滩看棱皮龟缓慢爬上岸的场景，所以是通过描述场景来开始文章。故选C。 62．细节理解题。根据“But it can be a dangerous journey. They sometimes get caught in fishing tools. And their population is still getting smaller because of pollution and climate change.”可知，主要原因是污染和气候变化。故选C。 63．词句猜测题。根据前文“They put tags on the turtles so that scientists can find them easily later when they return”可知，这里是说给海龟做标记，以便海龟回来时科学家能容易找到它们，所以them指的是海龟。故选A。 64．细节理解题。根据“They put tags on the turtles so that scientists can find them easily later when they return.”可知，科学家通过海龟身上的标记来追踪它们。故选C。 65．推理判断题。根据“James loves turtles and he hopes everyone can do something to help. Although it’s not possible for everyone to do volunteer work like him, people can help the environment in other ways, like picking up waste.”可知，由此推测詹姆斯希望人们能保护环境。故选B。 Passage14（2025年河南省洛阳市瀍河区中考一模 ） When we describe our brains, we often compare them to computers or communication networks. But some scientists now tell us a better way to think about it: the brain works like a muscle (肌肉) that gets stronger when you exercise it! A research shows IQ isn’t fixed at birth. Like building muscles through exercise, you can strengthen your brain by learning. Students with a “growth mindset” (成长性思维) believe intelligence grows with effort. They enjoy challenges because they see mistakes as learning chances and feedback (反馈) as helpful advice, not failures. This mindset helps them keep going, even when learning is hard work. Teachers can help students build a growth mindset by praising students’ perseverance, not just results. For example, say things like “You kept trying! Great job!” when students try hard. Also, teachers can give challenging tasks and explain: “Hard work strengthens your brain!” In short, pushing our brains through learning and effort makes them stronger. Like athletes (运动员) building physical strength, we can train our brains to create a smarter future. What do you think of the ideas? Do you think those ideas are reasonable? 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 66．What do students with a “growth mindset” probably do? A．Avoid challenges to prevent mistakes. B．Believe learning makes them smarter. C．Think feedback is useless for learning. D．Give up easily when tasks are difficult. 67．How can teachers help students develop a growth mindset? ①By praising only high scores. ②By praising perseverance. ③By giving challenging tasks. ④By comparing students' intelligence levels. A．①② B．③④ C．①④ D．②③ 68．What does the underlined word “perseverance” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Natural talent. B．Continuous (持续的) effort. C．Good memory. D．Quick thinking. 69．What’s the structure of the text? A．①/②/③④ B．①/②③④ C．①/②③/④ D．①②/③④ 70．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Computers work better than human brains. B．Intelligence can grow through learning like muscles. C．Physical exercise is more important than mental training. D．Teachers should focus only on students' final achievements. 【答案】66．B 67．D 68．B 69．C 70．B 【导语】本文通过类比肌肉锻炼说明大脑智力可以通过学习得到提升，介绍了"成长性思维"的概念及其培养方式，强调努力和持续学习对智力发展的重要性。 66．推理判断题。根据“Students with a ‘growth mindset’ (成长性思维) believe intelligence grows with effort. They enjoy challenges because they see mistakes as learning chances and feedback (反馈) as helpful advice, not failures.”可知，拥有“成长性思维”的学生认为智力通过努力增长，他们愿意接受挑战并将错误视为学习机会。故推测出拥有“成长性思维”的学生相信学习会使他们更聪明。故选B。 67．细节理解题。根据“Teachers can help students build a growth mindset by praising students’ perseverance, not just results...Also, teachers can give challenging tasks and explain:”可知，教师应通过表扬毅力和布置挑战性任务来发展成长性思维。故选D。 68．词义猜测题。根据“For example, say things like “You kept trying! Great job!” when students try hard.”可知，当学生努力尝试时，可以鼓励他们“继续加油！做得好！”，故划线单词“perseverance”意为“持续的努力”。故选B。 69．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出观点：大脑像肌肉一样工作，在运动时会变得更强壮。第二、三段分别阐述成长性思维和教师的作用，第四段总结。故选C。 70．主旨大意题。本文通过类比肌肉锻炼说明大脑智力可以通过学习得到提升，介绍了"成长性思维"的概念及其培养方式，强调努力和持续学习对智力发展的重要性。故选B。 Passage15（2025年河南省洛阳市新安县中考一模 ） ①Are you a person with lots of facial expressions? A new study has found that people who use facial expressions often are better at negotiating (谈判/协商) . It means discussing something with others to try to reach an agreement. ②At Nottingham Trent University in England, researchers studied more than 1,500 conversations between people. The first part of the research was having some video calls to record people’s expressions in different situations. The recordings were shown to more than 170 people, who had to rate (评估) whether people in the videos were popular based on their facial expressions. ③In another part of the study, researchers recorded video conversations between 1,456 strangers and studied their expressions. After the conversations, the people who had been talking to each other had to rate how much they liked each other. The results showed that those with more expressive faces were more liked by their conversation partners (伙伴) . ④During the video conversations, people were also given a situation where they had to negotiate a deal. The more expressive people generally got a better result. The researchers said this suggests that people who use lots of facial expressions are considered as more friendly. Scientists also think that being expressive could be important for solving disagreements. ⑤Bridget Waller, who worked on the study, said the research may explain why humans have developed more facial expressions than any other animals. She added that although facial expressions are often thought to show someone’s feelings, she believes they are more likely to be a way of communicating, along with using words. Using facial expressions could also be a way for humans to connect with one another. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 71．How does the writer lead into the topic? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving an example. C．By sharing a story. D．By raising a question. 72．What were 1,456 strangers asked to do during the study? ①To negotiate a deal. ②To study their own facial expressions. ③To rate how much they liked each other. ④To make video conversations with others. A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④ 73．Which would Bridget Waller probably agree with? A．Using words is a better way to communicate. B．Facial expressions are only used to show feelings. C．Animals have developed more facial expressions than before. D．Expressive faces can help people connect with one another better. 74．What is the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 75．What is the best title for the text? A．A research studies strangers B．Expressive faces win more friends C．Shy people fail to communicate D．Humans have more facial expressions 【答案】71．D 72．D 73．D 74．A 75．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了一项关于面部表情如何影响人际互动和谈判效果的研究，研究结果表明面部表情丰富的人更受欢迎，并在谈判中表现更佳。 71．细节理解题。根据“Are you a person with lots of facial expressions?”可知，作者通过提出问题来引入主题的，故选D。 72．细节理解题。根据“In another part of the study, researchers recorded video conversations between 1,456 strangers and studied their expressions. After the conversations, the people who had been talking to each other had to rate how much they liked each other”可知1456个陌生人被要求和他人进行视频对话，并评估多么喜欢对方；根据“During the video conversations, people were also given a situation where they had to negotiate a deal.”可知测试者还要进行一项谈判交易，故选D。 73．细节理解题。根据“Using facial expressions could also be a way for humans to connect with one another.”可知表情丰富的面孔可以帮助人们更好地相互沟通，故选D。 74．文章结构题。第一段主要介绍了经常使用面部表情的人更擅长谈判这一新发现，第二段介绍了研究的第一部分内容，第三四段介绍了研究的第二部分内容，第五段介绍了研究人员的发现。故选A。 75．最佳标题。根据短文主要介绍了关于面部表情对人际互动及谈判效果的影响的研究，研究结果表明面部表情丰富的人更受欢迎，更能赢得朋友，故选B。 Passage16（2025年河南省洛阳市伊川县中考一模 ） Tea and coffee are two of the most popular drinks in the world. However, people usually like one more than the other. These drinks also have very different uses. Tea drinking started in China over 4,000 years ago. Tea is made from leaves. These days, some people drink tea for health, using it to help with stress (压力) or losing weight. However, most people in tea-drinking countries think of tea as more than just a healthy drink. In fact, tea drinking in some countries is a part of the culture. In Turkey (土耳其), tea is always there when people meet. Whether in someone’s home or a company, tea is always offered as a way of welcome. In the UK, homes and offices usually have teatime. Tea and other dishes are served at teatime in the afternoon. It is a way of relaxing with friends or co-workers (同事). Coffee came much later than tea, just over 1,000 years ago. Coffee is made from beans. Something in the coffee beans makes a person feel active. Most people do not drink coffee to relax. Instead, they drink coffee to get going. Many people drink coffee in the morning to help them wake up. Others will also drink coffee during short breaks in the afternoon to keep going through the working day. Some people may visit coffee shops just to meet and talk with friends. However, many people in coffee shops drink coffee while working on their computers. Is tea or coffee more common in your country? Between the two, which do you like to drink more?根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 76．Where did tea drinking start? A．In Japan. B．In the UK. C．In Turkey. D．In China. 77．We can learn from Paragraph 2 that people in the UK ________. A．drink tea to get fat B．have tea to relax C．offer tea to say goodbye D．think of tea as a bad drink 78．What is coffee made from? A．Leaves. B．Sugar. C．Beans. D．Dishes. 79．Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3? A．Coffee came much earlier than tea. B．Many people drink tea to wake up. C．Some people meet and talk with friends in tea shops. D．Many people work on their computers in coffee shops. 80．What is the best title for the text? A．The Different Cultures of Tea and Coffee B．The Prices of Tea and Coffee C．The Smells of Tea and Coffee D．The Different Ways of Making Tea and Coffee 【答案】76．D 77．B 78．C 79．D 80．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了茶和咖啡这两种饮品的不同用途和其所代表的不同文化。 76．细节理解题。根据第二段“Tea drinking started in China over 4,000 years ago.”可知，饮茶起源于4000多年前的中国。故选D。 77．细节理解题。根据第二段“It is a way of relaxing with friends or co-workers(同事).”可知，在英国喝茶是一种和朋友或同事一起放松的方式。故选B。 78．细节理解题。根据第三段“Coffee is made from beans.”可知，咖啡是由豆子制成的。故选C。 79．细节理解题。根据“However, many people in coffee shops drink coffee while working on their computers.”可知，很多人喜欢在咖啡屋一边喝咖啡一边在电脑上工作。选项D符合文章描述。故选D。 80．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了茶和咖啡所代表的不同文化。故选A。 Passage17（2025年河南省洛阳市汝阳县中考一模 ） On November 4, the Shenzhou-18 astronauts—Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu—returned to Earth safely after a six-month mission (任务) on the space station. They stayed in orbit (轨道) for 192 days and were all in good health. The Shenzhou-18 manned mission was a big success. Ye Guangfu, the mission leader, set a new record. He became the first Chinese astronaut to spend more than a year in space. Ye was also a part of the Shenzhou-13 mission from October 2021 to April 2022. “Chinese astronauts have flown to space one after another. I believe the record for the longest time in space will be broken soon,” Ye said. Li Cong has just completed his first space mission. He said they worked well together with the ground team. This helped them complete their tasks outside the spacecraft and do successful scientific research. “We have all enjoyed the feeling of weightlessness in space. It is exciting to return to Earth, but we are also sad to leave the wonders of space,” said Li Guangsu, who also went on his first space mission. The Shenzhou-18 spacecraft launched (发射) on April 25, 2024. During their mission, the astronauts carried out many experiments. They went outside the spacecraft twice, and their first spacewalk in May set a new record for the longest single spacewalk by Chinese astronauts. The astronauts also grew plants in the “space garden”. They grew cherry tomatoes and lettuce (莴苣). They even picked some lettuce leaves to eat. “Being able to eat fresh vegetables in space was truly a great pleasure. These green plants also made our work more enjoyable,” Li said. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 81．How long did Shenzhou-18 astronauts stay in space? A．About 4 months. B．More than 6 months. C．About 12 months. D．More than 13 months. 82．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Ye’s record is difficult to break. B．China develops fast and well in space. C．Only Chinese astronauts can break the record. D．China will create more records in many fields. 83．How does Li Cong like their work with the ground team? A．Special. B．Creative. C．Wonderful. D．Boring. 84．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The launch date of the Shenzhou-18 spacecraft. B．The positive spirit of the Shenzhou-18 astronauts. C．The activities of Shenzhou-18 astronauts in space. D．The new discoveries from the Shenzhou-18 astronauts. 85．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To show the difficulties of the Shenzhou-18 manned mission. B．To encourage more people to become astronauts in the future. C．To compare the Shenzhou-18 manned mission with other space missions. D．To introduce the group members and the success of the Shenzhou-18manned mission. 【答案】81．B 82．B 83．C 84．C 85．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了神舟18号载人飞船成功返回地球，以及宇航员们在太空中的生活和工作。 81．细节理解题。根据文中第一段中“They stayed in orbit for 192 days and were all in good health.”可知，神舟18号宇航员在太空中执行了192天的任务，六个多月。故选B。 82．词句猜测题。根据文中画线句前一句“Chinese astronauts have flown to space one after another.”可知，中国宇航员一个接一个地飞向太空，说明中国在太空领域发展得很快。故选B。 83．推理判断题。根据文中第三段中“He said they worked well together with the ground team.”可知，Li Cong说他们与地面团队合作得很好。由此可推知，Li Cong认为他们的团队很棒。故选C。 84．主旨大意题。根据文中“During their mission, the astronauts carried out many experiments.”及通读第五段可知，本段主要介绍了神舟18号宇航员在太空中的活动。故选C。 85．推理判断题。根据文中“On November 4, the Shenzhou-18 astronauts—Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu—returned to Earth safely after a six-month mission on the space station.”及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了神舟18号载人飞船成功返回地球，以及宇航员们在太空中的生活和工作。故选D。 Passage18（2025年河南省平顶山市郏县中考一模 ） There’s nothing quite like falling sound asleep after a full day of work. Like people, animals need to rest after working hard. Some animals sleep in water. Others dig holes under the ground. Some even sleep high in trees or under leaves. But they all find a way to rest. Some animals in the sea sleep in strange ways. Fish sleep with their eyes open. They seem to look ahead far into the sea while they rest. Sea otters sometimes sleep in beds of the plants that grow in the sea. This keeps them from moving away. Parrotfish blow something from their mouths when they are ready to sleep. Then a bubble (气泡) will be formed around them. The bubble protects them from harm while they sleep. Some animals sleep under the ground. Chipmunks (花栗鼠) sleep curled up (蜷缩) in a ball. Their beds are made of leaves and grass. In winter, they sleep for two weeks and wake up to eat the stored food. Then they go back to sleep for another two weeks before waking up again. Some desert frogs dig underground holes during the hot, dry season. A frog may stay in its hole for months. High above the ground, monkeys find leafy places in trees each evening before they sleep. The tall trees help to keep monkeys safe during the night. Some insects even sleep under the leaf that will be their next meal. A bee may climb down into a flower to rest. When it climbs out the next morning, it is rested and ready for work. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 86．Why does parrotfish blow a bubble when they sleep? A．Because the bubble can make them look more beautiful. B．Because the bubble can make them look more colorful. C．Because the bubble can protect them from harm while they sleep. D．Because the bubble can make a sweet dream for their children. 87．What do we know about chipmunks according to the text? A．They wake up now and then in winter. B．They never sleep curled up in a ball. C．They rest with their eyes open. D．They don’t eat any food during the winter. 88．What’s the right order of the animals according to the passage? A．sea otters → fish → parrotfish → frogs → monkeys → chipmunks → bees B．fish → sea otters → parrotfish → chipmunks → monkeys → frogs → bees C．sea otters → fish → chipmunks → frogs → parrotfish → monkeys → bees D．fish → sea otters → parrotfish → chipmunks → frogs → monkeys → bees 89．What is the structure of the passage? ( ① = Paragraph 1, ② = Paragraph 2, … ) A． B． C． D． 90．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．Where do the animals live? B．How do the animals sleep? C．Why do the animals move? D．What do the animals feed on? 【答案】86．C 87．A 88．D 89．C 90．B 【导语】本文介绍了不同动物在海水中、地下或高处等各自不同的睡眠方式，以及它们如何在睡眠时保护自己或获取所需。 86．细节理解题。根据“Parrotfish blow something from their mouths when they are ready to sleep. Then a bubble (气泡) will be formed around them. The bubble protects them from harm while they sleep.”可知，鹦鹉鱼吹气泡是为了保护自己免受伤害。故选C。 87．细节理解题。根据“Chipmunks (花栗鼠) sleep curled up (蜷缩) in a ball…In winter, they sleep for two weeks and wake up to eat the stored food. Then they go back to sleep for another two weeks before waking up again.”可知，花栗鼠在冬天会不时醒来。故选A。 88．细节理解题。根据“Fish…Sea otters…Parrotfish”、“Chipmunks…Some desert frogs”以及“monkeys…A bee”可知，正确的顺序是鱼→海獭→鹦鹉鱼→花栗鼠→青蛙→猴子→蜜蜂。故选D。 89．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出动物有不同的睡眠方式，属于总述；第二段介绍海里的动物；第三段介绍睡在地下的动物；第四段介绍睡在地上的动物，所以C项符合。故选C。 90．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍不同动物的睡眠方式，B项符合。故选B。 Passage19（2025年河南省平顶山市宝丰名校联盟中考一模 ） Microplastics (微塑料) are so small that we can not see them. But they bring big problems. A new study said that by 2040, microplastic pollution could be twice as bad as it is now. Scientists learned this by looking at 20 years of studies on microplastics. Microplastics are very small pieces of plastic. They come from many places. For example, about 60 percent of material made into clothing is plastic. Every time they are washed, they shed (掉落) microplastics. When water bottles and packing bags are left outside, they break down slowly into microplastics. According to National Geographic, microplastics are usually less than five millimeters (毫米) in size. This small size lets them go everywhere, even in water and air. They don’t break down easily and can stay in the environment for hundreds of years. This can be bad for our health. Recently, it’s said that scientists found microplastics in people’s brains for the first time. They may hurt brain cells (细胞) and change how the brain works. Wild animals are also at risk from microplastic pollution. Each year, up to three million tons of microplastics end up in the ocean. Since they are too small to be seen, fish may eat them by mistake and become very sick. To deal with the problem, scientists’ advice is that we should make and use less plastic. However, it is easier said than done. It requires the efforts of everyone. Only by working together can we protect our environment and have a healthier future for both humans and wildlife. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 91．Where do microplastics come from? a. The water bottles. b. The packing bags. c. The water and the air. d. The clothing material. e. The electronic products. A．b, d, e. B．a, b, d. C．a, c, e. D．b, c, d. 92．Which paragraph tells the harm of microplastics to human beings? (P= Paragraph) A．P2. B．P3. C．P4. D．P5. 93．Why are wild animals in danger from microplastic pollution? A．Because microplastics make animals homeless. B．Because animals may eat microplastics by mistake. C．Because the food chain is changed by microplastics. D．Because microplastics hurt the brain cells of animals. 94．What can we know according to the text? A．Some new green materials can replace microplastics. B．Governments has a policy against using microplastics. C．Microplastics will be effectively managed in the future. D．The scientists suggest reducing the use of plastics. 95．What would be the best title for the text? A．Unseen but there. B．Animals are at risk. C．Protect the earth. D．How the brain works. 【答案】91．B 92．C 93．B 94．D 95．A 【导语】本文介绍了微塑料的来源、危害及其对人类和野生动物的影响，同时强调了减少塑料使用的重要性，并呼吁大家共同努力来保护环境。 91．细节理解题。根据第二段“about 60 percent of material made into clothing is plastic.”和“When water bottles and packing bags are left outside, they break down slowly into microplastics.”可知，微塑料来源于水瓶、包装袋和衣物材料，故选B。 92．细节理解题。根据第四段“This can be bad for our health. Recently, it’s said that scientists found microplastics in people’s brains for the first time.”可知，第四段讲述了微塑料对人类的危害，故选C。 93．细节理解题。根据第五段“Since they are too small to be seen, fish may eat them by mistake and become very sick.”可知，鱼类可能误食微塑料而生病，因此野生动物受到微塑料污染的威胁，故选B。 94．细节理解题。根据最后一段“scientists’ advice is that we should make and use less plastic.”可知，科学家建议减少塑料的使用，故选D。 95．最佳标题。文章主要讲述了微塑料虽然肉眼不可见，但却无处不在，并带来了许多问题，因此A选项“Unseen but there.”（看不见但存在）最符合文章主旨，故选A。 Passage20（2025年河南省安阳市滑县第一初级中学中考一模 ） While summer heat may be good for trips to the beach, it can be unpleasant and even dangerous. To protect ourselves from high temperatures, we usually turn to our air-conditioning (AC) units. But AC wasn’t invented until the early 1900s, so how did people stay cool before that? In the past, buildings were built to stay cool naturally. The Romans had large courtyards in the center of their houses which often had fountains (喷泉) and pools in them. These allowed cool air to move around the buildings. In Greece, houses were often painted white to reflect (反射) heat from the sun. Besides buildings, people also changed their lifestyles to keep cool. In Spain, for example, it is traditional to have a short sleep in the afternoon. This has developed as a way to avoid working during the hottest hours of the day. Similarly, Bedouins travel through the desert at night and look for cool places during the day. They also eat hot foods like soups. This can take away heat by making them sweat (出汗) and moving blood around better, which can cool them down! Moreover, ice would be collected in the winter months and stored in ice houses until the summer. Then, the product would be sold to people to cool their houses. Although AC has made many of these ways unnecessary, using more traditional ways of keeping cool can save your money on your electric bills. You can avoid using AC by working in the cooler hours of the morning or evening, or drinking hot tea instead of ice-cold water. But whether you choose to use AC or other ways, make sure you stay safe during the hot summer months. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 96．What did the Romans do to make their houses cool in the past? A．They used AC units. B．They painted houses white. C．They made houses with stone walls. D．They built courtyards with fountains and pools. 97．Why can hot drinks help people feel cooler? A．Because they make people sweat. B．Because they help people save energy. C．Because they make people feel less thirsty. D．Because they remind people of cool weather. 98．How does the writer introduce how people stayed cool in the past? A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples. C．By making comparison. D．By using survey results. 99．What does the writer think of the traditional ways of keeping cool? A．They can still be used now. B．They are difficult to achieve. C．They cannot be accepted by the public. D．They can completely take the place of AC． 100．What’s the best title for the text? A．How Air-Conditioning Works B．The Development of Air-Conditioning C．Energy-Saving Ways for Hot Weather D．Traditional and Modern Ways to Cool Down 【答案】96．D 97．A 98．B 99．A 100．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在空调发明以前，人们是怎么降温的以及现在人们用空调降温。 96．细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“The Romans had large courtyards in the center of their houses which often had fountains and pools in them.”可知，罗马人以前通过在院子里建喷泉和水池来降温。故选D。 97．细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“This can take away heat by making them sweat and moving blood around better, which can cool them down!”可知，喝热水会出汗，随着汗液蒸发，人体温度降低，所以感到凉快。故选A。 98．推理判断题。文章第二三段中介绍了罗马人、西班牙人和贝都因人降温的例子。故选B。 99．观点态度题。由最后一段中的“using more traditional ways of keeping cool can save your money on your electric bills”可知，作者认为传统的降温方式现在仍然可以使用。故选A。 100．标题归纳题。现在人们可以靠空调降温，以前人们有不同的降温方式，D选项最能概括全文。故选D。 Passage21（2025年河南省安阳市安阳县中考一模 ） Do you know the sugar painting? It is a painting made of sugar. It’s the sugar for us to taste, and the painting for us to admire. Since the Warring States Period (战国时代), the ancient people loved sweets and developed methods of producing sugar. In the Tang Dynasty, there was huge progress in the technology of sugar making. And sugar, the precious product once only served to the emperors and princes, also went into common people’s homes. With the cultural and economic (经济的) development of Song and Yuan dynasties, people became less interested in only tasting sweetness. In the Ming Dynasty, some people added pictures with good luck into the bowl of sugar, and sugar painting appeared. Sugar painting is different from normal painting. Sugar painters use syrup (糖浆) as the material, a spoon as the “paintbrush”, and a smooth table as the “paper”. To make syrup, they have to make sugar hot before painting. Since syrup may become hard if it cools, the painters have to produce the work very quickly. They move the spoon full of syrup up and down, left and right. Soon a sugar painting is done. However, it’s a pity that this folk art is dying recently. The sugar painting that used to be rich in shapes has become poorer and poorer because of fewer needs. What’s worse, few people seem to be willing to pass on the art except those aging sugar painters. For most people, painting is a kind of art and difficult to understand, However, sugar painting has pulled the art down into people’s daily lives. Through it, we may see the spiritual support of the ancient people across centuries. Now, sugar painting has been listed as an intangible cultural heritage  (非物质文化遗产) in China. Therefore, the art should be remembered and passed on. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 101．How does the writer begin the text? A．By giving an example. B．By showing an idea. C．By telling a story. D．By asking a question. 102．What does the underlined word “precious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Valuable and expensive. B．Useful and cheap. C．Special but worthless. D．Simple but priceless. 103．Why should sugar painters make the work very quickly? A．To show their excellent skills. B．To avoid syrup becoming hard. C．To protect the spoon and the table. D．To reduce people’s waiting time. 104．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards today’s sugar painting according to Paragraph 4? A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful. C．Worried. D．Unclear. 105．Which can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Improving the taste of sugar painting. B．Exploring the art of sugar painting. C．Effects of the sugar producing technology. D．Ways to change the future of sugar painting. 【答案】101．D 102．A 103．B 104．C 105．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了糖画的历史、制作工艺及其作为非物质文化遗产的现状和传承的重要性。 101．细节理解题。根据“Do you know the sugar painting? It is a painting made of sugar. It’s the sugar for us to taste, and the painting for us to admire.”可知作者以提问的方式开始本篇文章，故选D。 102．词义猜测题。根据“precious”一词在文中的上下文“the precious product once only served to the emperors and princes, also went into common people’s homes”可知，糖在古代是珍贵且昂贵的，故选A。 103．细节理解题。根据“Since syrup may become hard if it cools, the painters have to produce the work very quickly.”可知，糖画师需要快速完成作品以避免糖浆变硬，故选B。 104．推理判断题。根据第四段“However, it’s a pity that this folk art is dying recently.”以及“What’s worse, few people seem to be willing to pass on the art except those aging sugar painters.”可知，作者对糖画的现状感到担忧，故选C。 105．最佳标题题。全文介绍了糖画的历史、制作过程及其作为非物质文化遗产的现状，故选B。 Passage22（2025年河南省鹤壁市外国语中学中原名校联盟中考一模 ） We often hear the saying “Like father, like son.” Kids are often like their parents. They might look the same, act the same and enjoy the same things. This might be because kids learn from their parents. More importantly, they carry genes (基因) from their parents. There are about 30,000 genes in your body. They make you YOU! You get some genes from your mom and some from your dad. They decide things like your hair color, eye color and how tall you can be! Sometimes, genes do not show up in your parents. But they show up in you. For example, your parents have double eyelids (眼皮), but you have single eyelids. That’s because both of your parents have single-eyelid genes. When they pass down the genes to you, these genes show up in you. Every one of us is a fun mix of our parents. But what interesting genes do we get from our mom, and what do we get from our dad? How smart are you? Get more from: Mom Some genes decide how smart we are. Women have two sets of these genes, while men have one. So, kids are more likely to get their smart brains from their moms. But being smart is only partly because of genes. What you learn also plays a big role. Are you good at sports? Get more from: Mom We get some genes only from our moms. These genes influence how good we are at sports. For example, one gene helps our muscles (肌肉) use oxygen better. If your mom is good at sports, you might be too! Do you get fat easily? Get more from: Dad Our body has good fat and bad fat. The good fat keeps us healthy. The bad fat makes us overweight. How much bad fat do you have? Your dad’s genes have a bigger say. But it is not all about genes. Eating a lot and moving less also make you get fat easily. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 106．How does the writer lead into the topic in Paragraph 1? A．By asking a question. B．By telling a story. C．By listing numbers. D．By using a famous saying. 107．What do we know from Paragraph 2? A．The genes we get from our parents decide our appearance. B．We get more genes from our mother. C．There are about 3,000 genes in our body. D．Our weight has nothing to do with our parents. 108．If you are good at sports, it’s probably because ________. A．you have two sets of genes of sports B．your mom is good at sports C．your dad is good at sports D．you move a lot and eat less 109．What do the underlined words “have a bigger say” mean in the text? A．Give more opinions. B．Give more information. C．Have a bigger influence. D．Have a bigger size. 110．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To explain what makes you YOU. B．To tell us what genes are. C．To discuss how smart genes are. D．To show the importance of genes. 【答案】106．D 107．A 108．B 109．C 110．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了基因如何从父母传递给孩子，并影响孩子的外貌、智力、运动能力和体重等特征。 106．推理判断题。根据“We often hear the saying ‘Like father, like son.’”可知，作者通过引用一句俗语来引入话题。故选D。 107．细节理解题。根据“You get some genes from your mom and some from your dad. They decide things like your hair color, eye color and how tall you can be!”可知，我们从父母那里获得的基因决定了我们的外貌。故选A。 108．细节理解题。根据“If your mom is good at sports, you might be too!”可知，如果你擅长运动，可能是因为你的妈妈擅长运动。故选B。 109．词句猜测题。根据“The bad fat makes us overweight. How much bad fat do you have? Your dad’s genes have a bigger say.”可知，划线部分“have a bigger say”在这里意味着父亲基因对你有更大的影响。故选C。 110．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，作者通过讲述基因如何影响我们的外貌、智力、运动能力和体重等，来解释是什么造就了独特的你。故选A。 Passage23（2025年河南省南阳市西峡县中考一模 ） Is the sky bluer in fall than in summer? The answer is yes! There are some reasons for this. The sun is lower in the sky in fall. As the days get shorter, the sun appears lower and lower in the sky. It doesn’t shine directly on us anymore. Instead, it is closer to the earth and more blue light is scattered (散射). This lets the sky seem bluer. In fall, there is less water in the air, so there are fewer clouds. Fall is known for good weather—cooler temperatures and less wet air. The air does not hold much water, so clouds do not form easily. When there are few or no clouds covering the sky, the blue color of the sky shows more clearly, and the sky looks more open and brighter. You might be surprised, but the colorful leaves of fall actually help give the sky’s blueness a color boost (增强), which can make the sky seem even bluer. If you’ve made a color wheel for an art class, you know that blue and orange are opposite colors that look good together. The red, orange, and gold leaves of fall make the blue sky stand out beautifully against them. This contrast looks nice and creates a special autumn view. So, the next time you’re out enjoying the beautiful weather in autumn, take a moment to look up at the sky, remember these reasons why it looks so blue and enjoy the view! 111．How does the writer lead into the topic in Paragraph 1? A．By asking a question. B．By telling a joke. C．By using an old saying. D．By making a survey. 112．Why does the sky look bluer in fall according to Paragraph 2? A．Because the sun is shining directly on us. B．Because the sun is closer to the earth. C．Because the sun is smaller in the sky. D．Because the sun is covered by the clouds. 113．Which one shows the relationship between the water in the air (x) and the blue color of the sky (y)? A． B． C． D． 114．What colors make the sky bluer in fall? A．Green black and gold. B．Green, orange and white. C．Red, white and black. D．Red, orange and gold. 115．What is the structure of the text? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①/②③/④⑤ C．①②/③/④⑤ D．①②③/④/⑤ 【答案】111．A 112．B 113．B 114．D 115．A 【导语】本文探讨了秋天天空为何比夏天更蓝的原因，并鼓励读者在秋天欣赏美丽天空的同时，记住这些使天空更加蔚蓝的原因。 111．细节理解题。根据“Is the sky bluer in fall than in summer?”可知，作者是通过提出一个问题来引入话题的。故选A。 112．细节理解题。根据“Instead, it is closer to the earth and more blue light is scattered (散射). This lets the sky seem bluer.”可知，秋天的天空看起来更蓝是因为太阳离地球更近。故选B。 113．细节理解题。根据“The air does not hold much water, so clouds do not form easily. When there are few or no clouds covering the sky, the blue color of the sky shows more clearly, and the sky looks more open and brighter.”可知，空气中没有多少水分，所以云不容易形成，当天空很少或没有云覆盖时，天空的蓝色更明显，天空看起来更开阔，更明亮。由此可知，空气中的水分越少，天空的蓝色越明显，即空气中的水分越多，天空的蓝色越不明显。故选B。 114．细节理解题。根据“The red, orange, and gold leaves of fall make the blue sky stand out beautifully against them.”可知，红色、橙色和金色使秋天的天空更蓝。故选D。 115．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段提出了问题并给出了直接的答案；第二、三、四段分别解释了三个原因；第五段鼓励读者在秋天欣赏美丽的天空，并记住这些原因。故选A。 Passage24（2025年河南省南阳市镇平县中考一模 ） A bird diary is a record of all the birds you have seen. Here’s how you can prepare information for your bird diary: ◆Find a quiet place where there are lots of birds. Birds like places where they can find food and water. ◆Sit in a place where you will stay quiet. Don’t scare the birds with sudden movements or loud noises. ◆Make notes about the birds. Look at one bird at a time. What can you see? Write about it in a small notebook. At home, copy your notes up clearly into your bird diary. ◆Draw pictures of the birds. Do quick drawings in your notebook. You can also take photos of the birds. At home, copy the drawings into your bird diary. Put photos into your bird diary, too. It’s easy to forget things. Here are some questions you should ask yourself: ◆What color is the bird? Some birds have bright colors to attract (吸引) other birds. Some birds are the same color as the land they live on, so that enemies don’t see them. ◆_______ Some birds have wide powerful wings. Others have small wings that move quickly when they fly. You can stick feathers (羽毛) in your bird diary. Remember never to steal eggs from them. ◆What is the bird’s beak like? Birds with short beaks, like finches (雀科小鸟), eat seeds. Some birds, like hoopoes (戴胜), have long sharp beaks to catch worms. Eagles (鹰) have strong beaks. They eat meat. What are the bird’s feet like? Can they catch the tree? Are they good for walking or swimming? Bird: The Bald Eagle Place: The Grand Canyon Date and Time: 5 p.m. May 5th Weather: warm and sunny I saw a bald eagle. It had a white head and a white neck and tail. Its body was about 100cm long. It had large wings. Its beak was yellow and like a hook (钩). It was trying to catch fish in the river. I found this feather in the grass. ——A bird diary from Janet 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 116．Which is TRUE about the preparation for the bird diary? A．We can play with birds. B．We can take a camera. C．We should find a busy place. D．We should bring some food for birds. 117．Which of the following questions can be put in the blank (空白处)? A．Where do birds live? B．What food do birds like? C．How do birds catch food? D．What are birds’ wings like? 118．Which shows the meaning of the underlined word “beak” in the text? A．A B．B C．C D．D 119．What information can we get from Janet’s bird diary? ①the looks of the bird    ②the weight of the bird ③the bird’s favorite food    ④the weather condition A．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．②④ 120．What is the text? A．A story. B．A poem. C．An interview. D．An introduction. 【答案】116．B 117．D 118．A 119．C 120．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了完成鸟类日记需要准备的东西以及注意事项。 116．细节理解题。根据“You can also take photos of the birds.”可知，你可以带相机给鸟拍照。故选B。 117．推理判断题。根据“Some birds have wide powerful wings. Others have small wings that move quickly when they fly.”可知，此处介绍内容与翅膀的形状有关，选项D“鸟的翅膀是什么形状”符合。故选D。 118．词句猜测题。根据“What is the bird’s beak like? Birds with short beaks, like finches (雀科小鸟), eat seeds.”可知，此处介绍鸟嘴，对应图中的A。故选A。 119．细节理解题。根据“Weather: warm and sunny”以及“It had a white head and a white neck and tail. Its body was about100cm long. It had large wings. Its beak was yellow and like a hook (钩).”可知，从日记中可知记录的是鸟的外貌和当时的天气情况。故选C。 120．推理判断题。根据“Here’s how you can prepare information for your bird diary:”可知，本文是一个如何记录鸟的介绍。故选D。 Passage25（ 2025年河南省南阳市镇平县中考一模） You may have a house robot that can do housework for you. But is it so smart? See Aurora, a headless dog-sized robot used to keep birds and other animals away at an Alaskan airport. Watch another 1.8 meter-tall legless robot called EveR6, moving its arms to guide musicians through a performance (表演). Those robots above require artificial intelligence (AI). AI is a computer system (系统) that can understand languages, make decisions and solve problems. AI can be taught skills. Humans give AI information such as books, photos or videos to train it. The more information it studies, the better it can do its job. _______ For example, when you watch TV, AI will know what your favorite is and suggest similar ones. In hospitals, AI is very good at suggesting treatments and can even invent new medicines. In cities, AI is used to watch out for cars that make black smoke. It works together with the police to stop them and keep the air clean. AI can help us fight climate (气候) change by finding clever ways to cut down the energy use. Some people worry that AI will take away a lot of jobs and also fear that AI could develop out of control and bring danger to humans. However, AI is expected to be a more powerful production tool that will help humans achieve more in less time. Humans imagine AI might even find a way to solve the problems of our energy needs completely. Anyway, there is still a long journey for humans and AI. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 121．Where can we see Aurora and EveR6? a. At home.    b. At an airport.    c. At a hospital.    d. At a music hall. A．a,c B．b,d C．b,c D．a,d 122．What BIG question does Paragraph 2 answer? A．What is AI? B．Why are AI robots made? C．Where is AI used? D．How many AI robots are mentioned? 123．Which of the following can be put in “_______”? A．AI will be developed rapidly. B．AI has become part of daily life. C．Humans depend too much on AI. D．Humans wonder if AI could think. 124．What is AI expected to be able to do in the future? A．To suggest TV programs. B．To cut down food waste. C．To invent new medicines. D．To help produce enough energy. 125．What would the writer write about after the last paragraph? A．The end of AI. B．The history of AI. C．The way to get along with AI. D．The skill of making AI robots. 【答案】121．B 122．A 123．B 124．D 125．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了人工智能的优缺点。 121．细节理解题。根据“See Aurora, a headless dog-sized robot used to keep birds and other animals away at an Alaskan airport. Watch another 1.8-meter-tall legless robot called EveR6, waving its arms to guide musicians through a performance.”可知，Aurora是一个无头且大小像狗的机器人，在阿拉斯加机场用来驱赶鸟类和其他动物；EveR6挥舞着手臂引导音乐家完成表演。故选B。 122．段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，主要介绍人工智能是什么以及学习方式。故选A。 123．推理判断题。根据“For example, when you watch TV, AI is watching you. It’ll know what your favorite is and suggest similar ones.”可知，主要介绍人工智能应用在什么领域，选项B“人工智能已经成为日常生活的一部分。”符合语境。故选B。 124．细节理解题。根据“Humans imagine AI might even find a way to solve the problems of our energy needs completely.”可知，人类想象人工智能甚至可以找到一种完全解决我们能源需求问题的方法。所以未来人工智能有望帮助生产足够的能源。故选D。 125．推理判断题。最后一段讲述人工智能的问题和未来可能的发展，所以接下来可能会谈论与人工智能相处的方式。故选C。 Passage26（2025年河南省南阳市方城县多校中招联考一模 ） An old saying tells us, “When swallows fly low, rain is coming.” This might sound like a simple story, but scientists have found that birds’ actions can truly help us understand the weather and seasons. For thousands of years, people around the world have watched birds to know when seasons change. Today, scientists use tools like GPS and computers to study birds’ seasonal travel. But even without modern technology, nature still gives us important hints. Here are some interesting things birds do that tell us about the weather: Singing More: If birds sing loudly in the morning, it usually means the day will be sunny and warm. When there is no wind, their songs sound clearer. Flying Together: When birds gather (聚集)in large groups, it often means a storm is near. This is because birds can feel changes in the air pressure (压力)before bad weather comes. Then they will gather together to keep warm and search for food. Building Nests (巢穴)High: Birds that build nests high in trees might be preparing for heavy rain. They choose safe places to protect their eggs from floods. Birds act in these ways for two main reasons. First, weather changes influence their food. For example, insects fly lower before a storm, so birds fly down to catch them. Second, birds can feel small changes in the air pressure. When the air pressure drops (a sign of rain), some birds become restless. If you see birds suddenly hiding in trees, it’s time to take an umbrella! Now, warmer winters are changing some birds’ habits. Some birds start their seasonal travel earlier or stay closer to home. By studying these changes, scientists learn not only about birds but also how to protect our environment. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 126．How does the text begin to catch the reader’s attention? A．With a question. B．With an old saying. C．With a personal story. D．With a scientific fact. 127．What does the underlined word “hints” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Standards. B．Gifts. C．Choices. D．Signs. 128．What may happen when birds gather in large groups? A．There will be a storm soon. B．They will look for some food. C．They will fly to warm places. D．It will be sunny and warm today. 129．Why does the writer end the text by talking about warmer winters? A．To talk about winter weather. B．To tell readers how to face warmer winters. C．To suggest the best season for bird watching. D．To connect bird habits with environmental worries. 130．What is the best title for the text? A．Why we need to watch birds B．Different ways to protect birds C．Modern tools for studying birds D．How birds show us the weather changes 【答案】126．B 127．D 128．A 129．D 130．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。燕子低飞要下雨。古人观鸟识气象的智慧传承至今。文章介绍了鸟类的行为可以反映天气变化及其背后的原因。 126．细节理解题。由第一段开头的“An old saying tells us, ‘When swallows fly low, rain is coming.’”可知，作者在开头通过引用谚语来引起读者注意。故选B。 127．词句猜测题。由画线词后的“Here are some interesting things birds do that tell us about the weather”可知，此处是说即使没有现代技术，大自然依旧给了我们重要的迹象。这些“hints”指的是鸟类行为中透露出的关于天气和季节变化的线索或迹象。sign指的是“迹象”或“信号”，故选D。 128．细节理解题。由第四段中的“When birds gather in large groups, it often means a storm is near.”可知，当鸟大群聚集时，一场暴雨可能就要来临了。故选A。 129．推理判断题。由最后一段中的“scientists learn not only about birds but also how to protect our environment”可知，通过研究鸟类因气候变化出现的行为习惯的改变，不仅可以了解鸟类，还可以了解如何保护环境，所以作者在结尾处谈论暖冬是为了将鸟类的行为习惯和环境担忧联系起来。故选D。 130．最佳标题题。通读全文后可知，文章主要介绍了鸟类的一些行为对应的天气变化。故选D。 Passage27（2025年河南省南阳市内乡县中考一模 ） ①Nowadays, people always make up their mind to give up sugar, but they always end up with failure. Why is sugar so powerful, and how can you beat it? ②Many sugar cravings (渴求) come from a blood sugar imbalance (不平衡). When your body takes in sugar, your blood sugar quickly goes up and your body lets insulin (胰岛素) out to lower it to a safer level. But if your blood sugar level is too low, your body will want more food to raise it. ③Some sugar cravings are from your brain as a result of lifestyle. For example, if you are too stressed, you will be thirsty for sugar to cheer yourself up. Besides, poor sleep can also lead to overeating sugar, because you need energy to free yourself from tiredness. ④ Sometimes the cravings come from a habit. Perhaps you watched your parents overeat sugar throughout your childhood. Now you do the same, eating pie, for example, even though you are not hungry at all. Or you may eat sweet food like chocolate or ice-cream to reduce (减少) sadness. ⑤ The key to dealing with sugar cravings is to eat foods that stop too much insulin from being released. Healthy fats and protein (蛋白质) are good choices. Protein helps you feel satisfied, which can cut down hunger. ⑥You may find it is hard to give up sugar totally. But once you start to deal with it, you can beat sugar and have a healthy life. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 131．Which of the following best shows how blood sugar changes after someone eats something sweet? A． B． C． D． 132．Why do we develop the bad sugar habit? A．Because high sugar foods are usually more delicious. B．Because we like to eat high sugar foods when we are happy. C．Because we follow the examples of our parents to overeat. D．Because it’s common for us to feel hungry from time to time. 133．What does the underlined word “released” mean in Chinese? A．减少 B．释放 C．加快 D．弱化 134．According to the text, we CANNOT reduce sugar cravings by _________. A．getting enough sleep at night B．having a high-protein breakfast C．actively dealing with stress D．overeating chocolate and ice-cream 135．What’s the structure of the passage? A．B． C． D． 【答案】131．C 132．C 133．B 134．D 135．B 【导语】本文主要讲述人们对于糖的渴求是怎么出现的，以及如何控制糖的摄入。 131．细节理解题。根据“When your body takes in sugar, your blood sugar quickly goes up and your body lets insulin (胰岛素) out to lower it to a safer level.”可知血糖是先升后降，故选C。 132．细节理解题。根据“Sometimes the cravings come from a habit. Perhaps you watched your parents overeat sugar throughout your childhood. Now you do the same...”可知坏习惯可能是由于父母的影响，故选C。 133．词义猜测题。根据“Many sugar cravings (渴求) come from a blood sugar imbalance”可知血糖不平衡也会造成对糖的渴求，那么处理糖的渴求的关键就是吃一些减少胰岛素释放的食物来稳定血糖，release意思为“释放”，故选B。 134．细节理解题。根据“Besides, poor sleep can also lead to overeating sugar, because you need energy to free yourself from tiredness.”可知，如果在晚上有充足的睡眠，可以降低对糖的渴望，A项正确；根据“The key to dealing with sugar cravings is to eat foods that stop too much insulin from being released. Healthy fats and protein are good choices.” 可知早餐吃高蛋白的食物可以降低对糖的渴望，B项正确；根据“For example, if you are too stressed, you will be thirsty for sugar to cheer yourself up.”可知，如果积极应对自己的压力，会降低对糖的渴望，C项正确。 D 选项“吃太多的巧克力和冰淇淋”不能减少对糖的渴望。故选D。 135．篇章结构题。本文第一段提出了人们为什么戒糖困难和如何戒糖这两个问题；第二、三、四段分别从三个方面讲述了嗜糖的原因；第五段讲述了如何戒糖；最后一段总结戒糖的意义。故选B。 Passage28（2025年河南省南阳市桐柏县中考一模 ） Life for the old is changing quickly because of technology. While some find joy in these changes, others face difficulties. Many seniors are discovering fun ways to use technology. Free online classes let them learn painting, gardening, or even how to use smartphones. For example, 72-year-old Grandma Zhang recently learned to make digital (数字的) birthday cards for her grandchildren. Video apps like WeChat help families stay connected. “I see my grandson’s face every day though he studies abroad,” said Mr. Li, 68, with a smile. Smartwatches are also popular—they check heart rates and remind users to take medicine. Some hospitals even let patients talk to doctors online, saving time for those who have trouble walking. However, not everything is easy. About 40% of people over 65 say technology changes too fast. Many have a hard time with small phone text, forget passwords, or worry about online tricks. “I once lost 500 yuan on my phone. Now I’m scared to use my phone,” shared Auntie Wang. To help, communities are taking action. Young volunteers teach seniors how to use phones safely every weekend. In Beijing, a 16-year-old boy named Xiaoming became a “tech-teacher” for his neighbors. “Mr. Chen learned to send emojis (表情)! He sends me a thumbs-up after each lesson,” Xiaoming said proudly. The government also opened special “tech-cafes” with large-screen computers and friendly guides. As 5G networks reach more places, even villages are joining the digital age. The key is to make technology kind to people of all ages. After all, today’s young “phone experts” will one day be seniors (较年长者) too. By working together, every age can enjoy the benefits of a connected world. Digital life not only brings us joy but also prepares us for future jobs. Many jobs today require computer and internet skills. So, let’s enjoy digital life wisely, stay safe, and keep a balance.This way, we can make the most of it and be ready for the future. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 136．How many good things does technology bring to seniors? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 137．What does “thumbs-up” mean in Paragraph 3? A． B． C． D． 138．Where do young volunteers help seniors? A．In schools. B．In hospitals. C．In communities. D．In companies 139．What can we infer about the government’s “tech-cafes”? A．It’s only for young people. B．It helps seniors use tech tools. C．It teaches seniors cooking skills. D．It costs a lot of money. 140．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Tech only helps the young. B．Seniors should stop using phones. C．Smartwatches please some seniors. D．Tech helps and I challenges seniors. 【答案】136．D 137．B 138．C 139．B 140．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了科技对老年人生活的影响，既带来了便利，也带来了挑战，同时介绍了社区和政府为帮助老年人适应科技而采取的措施。 136．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“Many seniors are discovering fun ways to use technology. Free online classes let them learn painting, gardening, or even how to use smartphones. Video apps like WeChat help families stay connected. Smartwatches are also popular—they check heart rates and remind users to take medicine. Some hospitals even let patients talk to doctors online, saving time for those who have trouble walking.”可知，科技为老年人带来了四个好处：免费在线课程、视频应用、智能手表和在线医疗咨询。故选D。 137．词句猜测题。根据文章第3段“Mr. Chen learned to send emojis! He sends me a thumbs-up after each lesson,”可知，“thumbs-up”是一种表情符号，表示赞许。故选B。 138．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“To help, communities are taking action. Young volunteers teach seniors how to use phones safely every weekend.”可知，年轻志愿者在社区中帮助老年人。故选C。 139．推理判断题。根据文章第3段“The government also opened special ‘tech-cafes’ with large-screen computers and friendly guides.”可知，政府的“科技咖啡馆”配备了友好的向导，旨在帮助老年人使用科技工具。故选B。 140．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了科技既为老年人带来了便利，也带来了挑战，同时介绍了社区和政府为帮助老年人适应科技而采取的措施。故选D。 Passage29（2025年河南省南阳市南召县云阳初级学校中考一模 ） There is a special subject called biomimicry (仿生学), which means “copying nature”. Actually, nature is always our best teacher. It teaches us a lot and we learn from it to solve difficulties. For example, in order to increase the speed of the train, researchers tried many ways, but the results were not good. An engineer who also happened to be a birdwatcher got a good idea when watching how a kingfisher (翠鸟) was able to move smoothly between the air and the water. He believed we could remodel (重塑) the nose of the engine using the shape of the kingfisher's mouth to achieve the goal of increasing the speed. The result? Now a special kind of train travels at higher speed than before and uses less energy. Designs inspired (激发) by nature are not new. The Wright brothers created their first plane by studying the flight of birds. But in recent years, teams of engineers and researchers worldwide have been studying the way of winged creatures to come up with designs for even more perfect vehicles. Bird is one of the commonest examples that we learn from nature. Biomimicry can inspire creativity and imagination, improving new inventions. By studying nature's designs and processes, scientists and engineers can develop new technologies and products that are more efficient. They offer lots of possibilities for improving our lives and protecting the environment.   根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 141．How did the engineer come up with the way of increasing the speed of the train? A．By observing bees work together. B．By talking with other engineers. C．By improving the way they tried before. D．By observing how a kingfisher move smoothly. 142．What can we know about the special kind of train according to Paragraph 2? A．It is like the old model. B．The nose of the engine was remodeled. C．It is faster and uses more energy than before. D．It doesn't achieve the goal of increasing the speed. 143．What is the structure of the text? (P＝Paragraph) A．B． C． D． 144．What does the writer want to tell us? A．Birds can't lead to new inventions. B．We should observe animals carefully. C．Kingfishers are the best models for train. D．Some inventions are learned from animals. 145．In which unit of a textbook can the text be found? A．Unit 1 Traffic and Safety B．Unit 2 History and Culture C．Unit 3 Technology and Invention D．Unit 4 Pollution and Protection 【答案】141．D 142．B 143．B 144．D 145．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章围绕仿生学展开，先介绍仿生学的含义，接着通过火车借鉴翠鸟嘴巴形状重塑车头从而提高速度这一具体事例，还提及莱特兄弟受鸟类飞行启发发明飞机等内容。 141．细节理解题。根据“An engineer who also happened to be a birdwatcher got a good idea when watching how a kingfisher as able to move smoothly between the air and the water.”可知，这位工程师是通过观察翠鸟如何在空气和水中顺畅移动而想到提高火车速度的方法的。故选D。 142．细节理解题。根据“He believed we could remodel he nose of the engine using the shape of the kingfisher's mouth to achieve the goal of increasing the speed. The result? Now a special kind of train travels at higher speed than before and uses less energy.”可知，这种特殊火车的引擎鼻子被重塑了。故选B。 143．推理判断题。第一段引入仿生学概念，第二段举例说明火车的设计灵感，第三段进一步说明仿生学的应用，第四段总结仿生学的意义。为“总—分—总”结构。故选B。 144．主旨大意题。根据“By studying nature's designs and processes, scientists and engineers can develop new technologies and products that are more efficient.”可知，作者想告诉我们一些发明是从动物身上学到的。故选D。 145．推理判断题。根据文章内容主要讲述仿生学在技术发明中的应用，特别是火车的设计灵感来源于翠鸟。因此，这篇文章可能出现在“技术与发明”相关的单元中。故选C。 Passage30（2025年河南省商丘市睢阳区商丘工学院附属兴华学校中考一模 ） Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it. It is a behavior of putting off things that are planned to be done. As the saying goes, “Everything happens for a reason.” Procrastination is no exception. It is directly related to the procrastinators themselves. They usually have higher expectations of themselves. They don’t want to start in a rush. They want everything to be done well. Sometimes too difficult work can also cause people to have too much pressure. When people are under too much pressure and cannot stand it, they usually choose procrastination. Procrastinators often report a high fear of failure. So, how can we break the cycle of procrastination? Firstly, lower your expectations for yourself. When you plan to do something, it is important to set small goals based on your own ability. Don’t be too hasty when completing the plan. It should be done step by step. Once there are results that disappoint you, calm down and build your confidence. Secondly, break a task into smaller parts. Then make a list. Write down clearly what needs to be done first, what needs to be done later and when they will be completed. If you don’t complete it, you should receive a punishment for this. Instead, give yourself a prize, such as having a big meal. Thirdly, if you have a serious procrastination problem, ask a professional doctor for help and follow his advice. If procrastination hurts you for a long time, you must take it seriously and help yourself out of the troubles of procrastination to improve the quality of work and life. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 146．What’s Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The meaning of procrastination. B．The reasons for procrastination. C．The expectations of procrastinators. D．The suggestions for procrastinators. 147．How does the writer lead into the topic “ways to deal with procrastination”? A．By using a saying. B．By raising a question. C．By giving an example. D．By making a comparison. 148．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “hasty”? A．Hurried. B．Patient. C．Nervous. D．Angry. 149．What can we know from the third paragraph? A．High expectations help build confidence. B．Give yourself a prize if the results are bad. C．Every part of a task should be finished at the same time. D．Turn to a professional doctor for help when necessary. 150．What’s the best title for the text? A．What Is Procrastination? B．The Art of Procrastination C．How to Stop Procrastinating? D．The Facts Showing You’re Procrastinating 【答案】146．B 147．B 1$$ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题03 阅读理解之说明文（25年河南省一模新题速递） Passage1（2025年河南省郑州市中考一模 ） Lenses (镜片) are useful tools that help us see things more clearly. They are widely used in our daily lives. They can help us read small words in books and take clear photos. They are also used to help people who have trouble seeing things clearly, like those who can’t see far away or those who can’t see things up close. There are many kinds of lenses, but today we will talk about convex and concave lenses. Imagine you’re using a magnifying glass (放大镜) to read small words in a book. What happens when you move the glass closer to the words? The letters get bigger, right? That’s the power of a convex lens. Convex lenses are thicker in the middle and thinner at the sides. When light passes through a convex lens, it is brought together at a single point called the focus. This is why magnifying glasses, camera lenses, and even the lenses for some old people use convex lenses to see more clearly. Different from convex lenses, concave lenses are thinner in the middle and thicker at the sides. When light passes through concave lenses, it spreads out. You can find concave lenses in your daily life. For example, if you are nearsighted (近视的), your glasses probably have concave lenses. You are nearsighted because the light entering your eyes does not focus exactly on the retina (视网膜). When you wear glasses with concave lenses, the light spreads out first and then enters the eyes, allowing it to focus correctly on the retina. In this way, you can see things clearly. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．How lenses work. B．What lenses look like. C．What lenses are used for. D．How many kinds of lenses there are. 2．Which of the following have convex lenses according to the text? a. Cameras.    b. Mirrors.    c. Magnifying glasses.    d. Nearsighted glasses. A．a, c B．a, d C．b, c D．b, d 3．How does the concave lens work? A．B．C． D． 4．How does the writer mainly organize the text in the last paragraph? A．Facts→Opinions. B．Descriptions→Examples. C．Causes→Effects. D．Problems→Solutions. 5．What is the purpose of the text? A．To express feelings of using different lenses. B．To give advice on how to learn physics well. C．To offer information about science in daily life. D．To encourage students to use more modern tools. Passage2（2025年河南省实验中学中考一模 ） When you are busy with your schoolwork, you might find it tough to get enough sleep. We all know that not getting enough sleep is bad for our health. But it has been found that less sleep could even cause you to have fewer friends, the Guardian reported. According to researchers from the University of California, people who don’t get enough sleep are less willing to socialize (社交) with others. They are simply too tired to go out. The researchers did a small study. They tested 18 young people who just had a good night’s sleep as well as tested them again after a sleepless night. The participants watched videos of people with neutral (中性的) expressions walking toward them. When the person on the video got too “close” to them, they pushed a button to stop the video, which recorded how close they allowed the person to get. The results showed that people kept the person at a distance of 60 percent further back if they hadn’t gotten enough sleep. They felt that their personal space was being invaded (侵占). But when the participants got a good night’s sleep, they allowed the person to get much closer to them. According to lead researcher Matthew Walker, the less sleep you get, the less you want to socialize with others. In turn, other people may think you are weird and stay away from you. This can make you feel lonely and cause you to sleep even less. It becomes a vicious cycle (恶性循环). So if you want to be a more sociable and popular person, sleeping well might help. “One night of good sleep makes you feel more outgoing and socially confident,” Walker told the Daily Mail. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 6．What does the first sentence mean in the first paragraph? A．Students are too busy with their schoolwork. B．Students have too much stress to go to sleep. C．Students are not allowed to get enough sleep by their teachers and parents. D．Students are too busy with their schoolwork to have enough time to sleep. 7．Researchers from the University of California believe that less sleep ________. A．makes school life harder B．makes people less sociable C．is good for one’s health D．causes people to become nervous 8．How did the researchers prove their point? A．They did a study of 18 young people. B．They watched videos of sleepy people. C．They interviewed people on the street. D．They invited people to play a game. 9．The underlined word “participants” in Paragraph 3 means ________. A．researchers from the university B．people with neutral expressions C．the tested young people D．the sociable people 10．What can we learn from the passage? A．The less sleep you get, the more friends you will have. B．One night of bad sleep makes you feel more confident. C．If you want to be more sociable, you should sleep well. D．People who get enough sleep keep others at a distance. Passage3（2025年河南省郑州市登封市中考一模 ） Bad moods (情绪) can be difficult for you and the people around you to deal with. However, people can’t be happy all the time, and it is normal to have bad moods. The best way to improve moods changes from person to person, but trying the following methods can help you find what works for you! Do something you enjoy. This may sound unclear, but that’s partly because different people have different interests. The key point is that doing something you enjoy will improve your mood by cutting your stress. You know your own interests better than anyone else, so think about what makes you feel happy and allow yourself to do that thing. Make yourself laugh. Laughing can actually change the chemistry in your body. Things that can make you laugh may include: talking to a funny friend, watching a humorous video or a funny TV show, reading funny articles and so on. Exercise. There is a strong relation between exercise and moods. Most people experience an improved mood within 5 minutes of exercise. There are many different kinds of exercise, and anything that elevates your heart rate (心率) may improve your mood. You can choose running, swimming or dancing. Eat a healthy meal or snack. When you are hungry, it is easy for you to get angry. So food has something to do with moods. Eating a healthy meal can make you feel healthier and happier. Fruit and vegetables are good choices. Getting healthy fats can also make you feel full longer. However, avoid fat-free foods. They often don’t have enough nutrition (营养) and may leave you feeling unhappy. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 11．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．It’s easy to deal with a bad mood. B．It’s not common to have a bad mood. C．Everyone can use the same way to avoid a bad mood. D．People can find right methods to do with a bad mood. 12．What does the underlined word “elevates” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Changes. B．Reports. C．Drops. D．Increases. 13．Which of the following is not a proper way of dealing with a bad mood? A．Watching a funny TV show. B．Eating fat-free foods. C．Running in the park. D．Doing something you love. 14．What is the structure of the text? (①= Paragraph 1, ②= Paragraph 2…) A．①/②③④⑤ B．①②③④/⑤ C．①/②③④/⑤ D．①②③/④⑤ 15．What’s the best title for the text? A．How to Keep a Good Mood B．How to Get Out of a Bad Mood C．Things That Influence Your Mood D．The Relation Between Food and Mood Passage4（2025年河南省新乡市中考一模 ） ①Have you ever wished you could fly like a bird? Well, a French inventor has created something that might make your dream come true. It’s called the Airscooter (空中滑板车). The Airscooter is like a magic egg that can fly! But how does it work? Let’s find out! ②The Airscooter has a special look. On the top of it, there are six spinning blades ( 叶 片 ) called rotors. Each rotor spins ( 旋 转 ) around really fast. When the rotors spin, they push air down. This might sound funny, but it’s true! When they push air down, the air pushes back up on the Airscooter. This upward push is called lift, and it’s what lets the Airscooter fly. ③How about the speed about it? The Airscooter is super fast. It can move through the air at 100 kilometers an hour! That’s faster than most cars on the road. So it can help people save time greatly. ④Here is the best part: You don’t have to be a pilot to fly it. The inventor says it’s so easy to drive that you won’t need lots of practice. Just get in and you’re ready to fly. The Airscooter can flyas high as 2,900 meters. That’s higher than most birds. From up there, you can see everything below in a way you’ve never seen before. The world looks like a beautiful painting from such a height. ⑤All in all, the Airscooter is a mix of science and magic. It’s a car that can fly, and it’s as simple to use as a bicycle. It’s like having a personal airplane that you can take anywhere you want. In the future, maybe we’ll all have our own Airscooter. We can fly over traffic jams and reach our friends’houses in no time. For now, it’s still a dream. But with inventions like the Airscooter, our dream is getting closer and closer. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 16．Which of the following pictures may be the “Airscooter”? A． B． C． D． 17．What allows the Airscooter to fly according to Paragraph 2? A．The large size. B．The upward push. C．Its magic look. D．Its special shape. 18．How far can you travel if you drive an Airscooter for two hours? A．About 100 kilometers. B．About 150 kilometers. C．About 200 kilometers. D．About 2,900 kilometers 19．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The problems with traffic. B．The popularity of the Airscooter. C．The cost of the Airscooter. D．The future possibilities of the Airscooter. 20．Which of the following best describes the structure of the text? (①=Paragraph 1) A． B． C． D． Passage5（2025年河南师范大学附属中学中考一模 ） On January 20, 2025, a Chinese tech company made a new AI called Deepseek. It quickly became the most downloaded free app on the Apple App Store worldwide, followed by ChatGPT from Open AI. This smart program can solve math problems, write code (编码), and answer questions like top models such as Open AP’s GPT-40, but it costs much less to build. A CNBC report agreed, “Deepseek has a place in the U.S. AI market, because it can beat American’s best AI with less cost and less-powerful chips (芯片).” It shows that good ideas can beat big money. Usually, AIs need lots of prepared examples to improve. However, Deepseek learns by itself. For example, when dealing with users’ questions or recognizing images, Deepseek doesn’t need a lot of pre-made examples like old-style AIs. It just figures things out on its own and does a much better job. Therefore, it can help run on low-cost computers, helping schools and small companies. What’s even better for these organizations is that Deepseek is open-source. It’s like a shared recipe (配方). Everyone can see the ingredients and change it to suit their taste. Likewise, Deepseek users can change the code to fit their needs without asking anyone for permission (允许). A Meta top scientist said, “This kind of free AI could change the world.” These outstanding advantages of Deepseek has attracted widespread attention. More and more international companies want to partner with Chinese AI labs, making China’s voice in the international AI market louder. At the same time, many foreign companies plan to put more money in AI research to develop advanced AI like Deepseek. Deepseek, as a rising AI star, has a bright future. It can be changed for online shopping and medical imaging. Working with labs and cloud service providers will make it bigger, and the open-source community will help, too. However, nothing is perfect in the world. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 21．What is Deepseek according to the passage? A．A popular app on the Android store. B．A top model from Open AI. C．A new AI made by a Chinese tech company. D．A company for making chips. 22．What makes Deepseek different from traditional AIs in learning? A．It uses expensive chips. B．It requires permission to change code. C．It needs many pre-made examples. D．It learns on its own. 23．What does the underlined word “open-source” mean in Paragraph 4? A．only for schools. B．locked and protected. C．needing special permission. D．free to use and change. 24．What can we learn from the text? A．Deepseek will take the place of ChatGPT in the future. B．Deepseek shows cheap and creative AI can succeed globally. C．Chinese companies always beat American ones. D．All AIs need expensive chips to work well. 25．What will the writer probably discuss after the last paragraph? A．The reasons why Deepseek has a bright future. B．The expectation of Deepseek to broaden its market. C．The plans of Deepseek to partner with other AI companies. D．The challenges or problems that Deepseek may face. Passage6（2025年河南省焦作市中考一模 ） Lacquer (漆) art is a form of traditional art in China. It uses lacquer to paint on the surface of wares (器皿) or artwork. Lacquer comes from lacquer trees as a natural liquid (液体). When you use lacquer for painting, it can stop wares from going bad. It can also help against high temperatures. If you heat the lacquer and add colors, it becomes colorful. The lacquerware looks nice and it is also useful. China was the first country to use lacquer. People started using it in the Xia Dynasty. By the Han Dynasty, lacquerware became part of everyday life. In ancient times, there were many lacquer trees in China. The famous thinker Zhuang Zi took care of a lacquer tree garden during the Warring States Period. Early lacquerware was simple. It was made from wood or bamboo and painted with lacquer. Over time, new skills like colored patterns and gold decorations (装饰品) appeared. Different dynasties had their own styles of lacquerware. In the Han Dynasty, popular lacquer items included boxes, plates, earrings, and masks and so on. They were mostly red and black. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, lacquerware making reached a new high. Lacquer techniques mixed with building and furniture making. And people paid more attention to the looks. Today, the main places for making lacquerware are Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Pingyao in Shanxi Province, Yangzhou in Jiangsu Province, Dafang in Guizhou Province, Tianshui in Gansu Province, Yichun in Jiangxi Province, and Fengxiang in Shaanxi Province. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 26．When did Chinese people first start to use lacquer? A．In the Xia Dynasty. B．In the Han Dynasty. C．In the Warring States Period. D．In the Ming and Qing Dynasties. 27．What was early lacquerware made from? A．Gold. B．Clay. C．Wood or bamboo. D．Plastics. 28．How does the writer develop the text in Paragraph 3? A．In the order of time. B．In the order of space. C．In the order of events. D．In the order of importance. 29．Which is not a main place for making lacquerware? A．Chongqing. B．Yangzhou. C．Pingyao. D．Suzhou. 30．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To teach us how to make lacquerware. B．To introduce a form of traditional art. C．To encourage us to pass on and develop the art. D．To tell us the importance of traditional Chinese culture. Passage7（2025年河南省焦作市沁阳市中考一模 ） What do you do when you’re angry? Some people vent (发泄). They may shout or hit something to get their anger out. New research said that it doesn’t actually help. In fact, it might make things worse. Sophie Kjaervik and Brad Bushman led the research. They looked at 154 studies including more than 10,000 people from more than 20 countries. The experts said the results were the same for people of all ages wherever they came from. “Angry people want to hit, kick or scream (踢或尖叫),” said Bushman. “But that doesn’t work. People say they feel better after, but this feeling just makes them more probably do it again.” He said venting is the worst thing you can do. Kjaervik explained how they did their work. They collected research on anger and activities. And then they looked at the influences of different activities on people’s heart rate (心率) and anger. The researchers found that activities like breathing and yoga (瑜伽) helped people relax. “We were surprised to find that all activities that calm down (使平静) your body are helpful in making people less angry,” said Kjaervik. So she gave some advice. “People should calm down their breathing,” Kjaervik said. “This can be done by simply lying down and breathing slowly and deeply. Imagine your angry thoughts flying away on a cloud, and that should make you less angry.” Bushman also gave advice on managing anger. He said that eating healthy food, like fruits and vegetables, can help. “To manage your anger, make sure you’ve had something to eat!” said Bushman. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 31．What did the new research find about venting? A．It makes people angrier over time. B．It is the best way to deal with anger. C．It helps people feel better for a long time. D．It only works for adults but not for children. 32．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A．Who led the research. B．Why the experts did their research. C．What the experts did for their research. D．How many people took part in the research. 33．What kind of activities did the experts find helpful in making people less angry? A．Creative activities. B．Relaxing activities. C．Interesting activities. D．Competitive activities. 34．What is Bushman’s advice on managing anger? A．Doing yoga. B．Going for a run. C．Breathing slowly. D．Eating healthy food. 35．Why did the writer write the passage? A．To tell people not to get angry easily. B．To ask people not to get their anger out. C．To share some experience in dealing with anger. D．To encourage people to deal with anger properly. Passage8（2025年河南省濮阳市濮阳油田实验学校中考一模 ） Are dolphins (海豚) brainy (聪明的)? The answer must be yes ! They can learn from other animals, play games, learn symbols and do much more. Humans have studied dolphins for many years to learn how their brains work. For example, people have seen dolphins use conch shells ( 海螺壳) to catch fish. It tells us that dolphins are good at using tools. In one study, scientists at a research center showed dolphins two boards, each with a different number of points. They taught the dolphins to pick out which board had fewer points. Then they showed the dolphins other sets of boards and asked them to point to the ones with the fewest points—this time with no help. The dolphins were able to do it, showing that they can understand some basic knowledge about numbers ! So dolphins are clearly clever. But are they “The Smartest Animal of All Time”? That’s hard to say. Animals show cleverness in many ways. Some have great memories (记忆力). Take an elephant as an example. It can make out an elephant it met many years ago and say “hello ”. Others are super problem-solvers, like octopuses (章鱼),who can work out how to open a can with a cover to get a treat inside. Monkeys can be fast learners, some birds have amazing senses of direction , and so on. All these kinds of cleverness are important , making it difficult to tell which animal is much smarter. At last , each animal is good at finding ways to live in the changeable environment. And this means one thing for sure : dolphins are the smartest of all in being dolphins! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 36．Why does the writer start the text by asking a question? A．To make a report. B．To do a survey. C．To tell a funny story. D．To catch readers’ interest . 37．How do we know dolphins are clearly clever in Paragraph 3 ? A．Dolphins can use tools. B．Dolphins can compare numbers . C．Dolphins can catch different boards. D．Dolphins can play games with people . 38．Which animal can remember old friends for many years? A．Elephant. B．Octopus. C．Dolphin D．Bird . 39．Which of the following would be the writer most probably agree with ? A．It’s hard to find clever animals in nature. B．Octopuses ‘ ability is not really important . C．Dolphins are the smartest animals on Earth . D．Each animal has its own ability to fit the environment . 40．In which unit of a textbook can the text be found ? A．Unit 1 Travelling around B．Unit 2 Sports and Fitness C．Unit 3 The World of animals D．Unit 4 Science and Technology Passage9（2025年河南省许昌市中考一模 ） Careless mistakes can not be completely avoided. Some might think they are just about being careless. But when we look closer, we can find that these mistakes actually show how we think. They show deeper patterns (方式) in our mind. Fixing them isn’t just about trying harder, it’s about changing how we learn and solve problems. One way to help is by keeping a “mistake notebook.” In this notebook, we write down the mistakes we make, like reading instructions wrongly, misunderstanding logic (逻辑), or working out numbers incorrectly. By doing this, we can see patterns in our mistakes and learn from them instead of feeling bad about them. Another good idea is to make lists for different subjects. For math, we can write down steps like checking our answers. For writing, we can review our papers and look for grammar mistakes. These lists are like little helpers that guide us through our work and help us make fewer mistakes. Taking breaks is important too. When we feel nervous, we should take a deep breath, think about how to deal with the problem, slow down. This helps us catch mistakes before they happen. And, it’s really important to celebrate when we make progress, even if it’s just a little bit. This makes us feel good about ourselves and keeps us focused on getting better. So, to fix careless mistakes, we need to change how we think and use some helpful tools. By doing these things, we can make fewer mistakes and learn more. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 41．Which of the following mistakes might NOT be found in a “mistake notebook”? A．Misreading instructions. B．Logical misunderstandings. C．Working out numbers incorrectly. D．A wrong decision in teamwork. 42．What is the use of making lists for different subjects according to paragraph 3? A．Showing us the importance of doing homework. B．Guiding us through our work and reduce mistakes. C．Helping us catch mistakes before they happen. D．Keeping us focused on getting better. 43．What are the correct ways to relax when you feel nervous according to the text? ①deep breath ②listen to music ③ talk to someone ④slow down ⑤think ⑥ play outside A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①④⑤ D．③④⑥ 44．Which of the following can be put in the mind map? A．Setting goals B．Celebrating Progress C．Working hard D．Focusing on mistakes 45．What is the purpose of the writer in writing this passage? A．To give tips on how to make fewer mistakes. B．To advise readers not to make mistakes. C．To explain why we make careless mistakes. D．To show the bad influence of making mistakes. Passage10（2025年河南省许昌市襄城县名校联盟九年级下学期一模 ） The company OpenAI introduced ChatGPT to the world. It is the latest type of AI chatboxes. A chatbox is a computer program that simulates (模仿) human conversation. Anyone can use ChatGPT now so that the company can collect people’s ideas on how to improve it. People have tested how ChatGPT works. Reporters found out that it was able to write articles with rightful opinions for newspapers. Teachers asked it to. write answers to exam questions. ChatGPT could almost get full marks. Even programmers, people who write computer code, tried out ChatGPT. It was able to solve difficult coding challenges and answer very quickly. It even wrote short poems to explain how the coding worked. In our daily life, it helped a father brainstorm ideas of a birthday party for his son that combined the kid's two favorites, rabbits and basketball. Moreover, when people ask ChatGPT questions, it can find mistakes. If it is asked what happened when Columbus arrived in America in 2023, older AIs might give a story. ChatGPT can recognize that Columbus reached America in the 1400s. It can also refuse to answer questions that are not proper. For example, ask it for advice on stealing a car. It will say that stealing a car is a serious crime and can have bad results. Instead, it gives advice such as “taking the bus”. ChatGPT might help people solve problems, but the AI is trained using texts from the Internet. Often, the texts are used without being allowed by the writers of those texts. Some argue that technology doesn't respect people's work. Some argue that people will use the ChatGPT to copy others' work and sell it as their own. In 2015, Elon Musk cofounded (共同创立) OpenAI, but left it in 2018. In 2022, he bought a famous social media platform and then he pointed out that OpenAI could use the platform's database for training in the past, but not for now. Some think this AI technology is bad for the earth, too. Training ChatGPT might make more than 284 tons of CO2 and lead to climate change that will heat up the earth. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 46．From the text we know that ChatGPT ________. A．always provides wrong answers B．needs to improve itself C．only collects teachers’ ideas D．helps train programmers 47．What does the underlined word “brainstorm” mean in Chinese in Paragraph 2? A．侧耳倾听 B．长吁短叹 C．走马观花 D．集思广益 48．Which of the following is most probably a conversation with ChatGPT? A．Q: What happened after paper was invented in America? AI: Paper started to change how knowledge was spread. B．Q: Is Li Bai, a poet in modern China, famous all over the world? AI: Yes, because his poems are fantastic. C．Q: Show me how to use other people’s bank card without being noticed. AI: For your information, that is against the law. D．Q: Find something for my mum as a Mother’s Day gift. She likes classic music and cooking AI: Among all the gifts listed online, there's no such gift. 49．What can we know from Paragraph 4? A．Training ChatGPT is good for the climate on the earth. B．ChatGPT used texts after being allowed by the writers. C．Musk bought the famous social media platform's database for OpenAI to use. D．Musk stopped OpenAI from using the famous social media platform's database. 50．What’s the structure of the text?（①=Paragraph   ②=Paragraph…） A．B． C． D． Passage11（2025年河南省开封市杞县中考一模 ） Have you ever had to give a speech in front of your class? How did it make you feel? Did you have butterflies in your stomach? Did your heart beat fast? Did your hands get all wet? Did your mouth feel dry? Did you forget what you wanted to say? If so, you are experiencing stage fright (怯场). Stage fright happens when you have to do something in front of a large crowd, like giving a speech or putting on a play. Many people get stage fright, even famous actors, singers and players. They also feel nervous when they have to perform in public. The good news is that there are ways to deal with stage fright. One of the best things to do is to get ready. It’s easier to feel sure of yourself if you know what you’ll say well. You can practice your speech or performance over and over until you have it down pat (了如指掌). Another piece of advice is to take some deep breaths before you step out in front of the crowd. Breathing slowly and deeply can help you relax. You can also give yourself a talk that cheers you up. Positive (积极的) self-talk can go a long way. It’s important to remember that everyone gets stage fright sometimes. So don’t be hard on yourself. Just hug those “butterflies”, take a deep breath, and give your all. When everything is over, you’ll be proud of yourself for having faced your fears, and you will feel as cool as a cucumber (泰然自若)! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 51．What is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A．When stage fright happens. B．What stage fright is like. C．Why you have stage fright. D．How you solve stage fright. 52．What does the writer think of stage fright? A．It’s useful. B．It’s unusual. C．It’s common. D．It’s necessary. 53．Which of the following ways to deal with stage fright in NOT mentioned in the text? A．Practicing a lot. B．Taking deep breaths. C．Encouraging yourself. D．Drinking some coffee. 54．What can you tell yourself before giving a speech in public according to Paragraph 4? A．I’ve got this! B．Serve me right! C．What a pity! D．I’m afraid I can’t! 55．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To explain the harm of being too hard on yourself. B．To introduce the importance of being proud of yourself. C．To encourage us to face feelings of nervousness and fear correctly. D．To help us know about stage fright problems of different people. Passage12（2025年河南省洛阳市涧西区中考一模 ） Have you read Dune (《沙丘》) or watched the films? On the desert planet Arrakis, people wear specially designed suits. These suits collect sweat (汗液) and urine (尿液) and turn them into clean drinking water. This may sound like magic, but some water-stressed places in the world are already recycling wastewater in similar ways. Astronauts in space depend on recycled water, too. But what about us? “We don’t live in space or on a desert planet,” you might say. “Why would we ever need to turn our sweat and urine into drinking water?” Well, we might not start by recycling wastewater for drinking, but we can recycle it for other uses. Let’s think about flushing (冲) toilets, for example. Every day, plenty of clean fresh water are used to flush away human waste. This doesn’t seem like the wisest use of our fresh water, does it? Some people are already rethinking such practices. They are looking for smarter ways to use water. I recently visited Jenfelder, a new neighborhood in Hamburg, Germany, with a wastewater reuse project! Traditionally, water comes into a city from outside, and wastewater is sent back to treatment factories far away. This new system separates wastewater into three streams to be reused locally. Rainwater is collected to water the gardens. “Gray water” from kitchen and bathroom is used to flush toilets. And “Black water” from toilets is sent to a local treatment factory to be turned into biogas (沼气). The system reduces water use by 30 percent and produce electricity for hundreds of homes. Perhaps all new neighborhoods around the world could follow Jenfelder’s example. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 56．What’s special about people’s shirts on the planet Arrakis? A．They are made for astronauts. B．They can produce sweat and urine. C．They are invented by famous film stars. D．They turn sweat and urine into clean water. 57．How does the writer develop opinions of recycling in paragraph 2? A．By telling a joke. B．By asking questions. C．By making a survey. D．By using an old saying. 58．Which mind map shows the new system in paragraph 4? A． B． C． D． 59．Which opinion might the writer agree with? A．It’s not possible to recycle wastewater from Urine. B．We should start recycling wastewater for drinking first. C．It’s not wise to flush away human waste with fresh water. D．The new system can reduce electricity use by 30 percent. 60．What’s the best title for the text? A．Turning waste into wonder B．Visiting a talented neighbor C．How to solve water pollution D．How to live on the desert planet Passage13（2025年河南省洛阳市洛龙区中考一模 ） By the light of the moon on a warm night in May, James Wilson stood on a beach in Trinidad in the Caribbean. He watched a leatherback sea turtle slowly moving onto the beach. “You could just see how much effort it took for it to make its way up there, ” the 16-year-old said. “It was quite amazing. ” Every year, leatherback sea turtles lay their eggs on beaches in Trinidad. In the summer and fall, they swim to the shores of Nova Scotia, Canada for food. But it can be a dangerous journey. They sometimes get caught in fishing tools. And their population is getting smaller because of pollution and climate change. According to Kathleen Martin from the Canadian Sea Turtle Network, even though leatherback sea turtles are an ancient species, we still know very little about them, like how quickly they grow and how long they live. James is part of a group of 12 volunteers who collect information on the endangered species, such as their size and movements, in the hope of saving them. In Trinidad, James gets to watch the turtles on the beach. When they pay their attention to laying their eggs, James and the other volunteers get to work. They put tags on the turtles so that scientists can find them easily later when they return. James also has a chance to see the baby turtles. After coming out of the eggs, the baby turtles try hard to get in the water no matter how big the waves are. “They are lovely and strong-willed, ” James said. James loves turtles and he hopes everyone can do something to help. Although it’s not possible for everyone to do volunteer work like him, people can help the environment in other ways, like picking up waste. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 61．The writer starts the passage by ________. A．telling a story B．making a report C．describing a scene D．showing an opinion 62．What is the main reason for the decreasing population of leatherback sea turtles? A．People hunt them for food. B．They have difficulty finding food. C．Pollution and climate change. D．They are killed by other animals. 63．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The turtles. B．The scientists. C．The volunteers. D．The fishing tools. 64．How do scientists track the leatherback sea turtles? A．By collecting their eggs. B．By searching the beaches regularly. C．By using the tags on the turtles. D．By following their unique tracks. 65．What is James’ expectation? A．Everyone should do volunteer work. B．People should help protect the environment. C．Turtles can live a longer life. D．More people will study turtles. Passage14（2025年河南省洛阳市瀍河区中考一模 ） When we describe our brains, we often compare them to computers or communication networks. But some scientists now tell us a better way to think about it: the brain works like a muscle (肌肉) that gets stronger when you exercise it! A research shows IQ isn’t fixed at birth. Like building muscles through exercise, you can strengthen your brain by learning. Students with a “growth mindset” (成长性思维) believe intelligence grows with effort. They enjoy challenges because they see mistakes as learning chances and feedback (反馈) as helpful advice, not failures. This mindset helps them keep going, even when learning is hard work. Teachers can help students build a growth mindset by praising students’ perseverance, not just results. For example, say things like “You kept trying! Great job!” when students try hard. Also, teachers can give challenging tasks and explain: “Hard work strengthens your brain!” In short, pushing our brains through learning and effort makes them stronger. Like athletes (运动员) building physical strength, we can train our brains to create a smarter future. What do you think of the ideas? Do you think those ideas are reasonable? 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 66．What do students with a “growth mindset” probably do? A．Avoid challenges to prevent mistakes. B．Believe learning makes them smarter. C．Think feedback is useless for learning. D．Give up easily when tasks are difficult. 67．How can teachers help students develop a growth mindset? ①By praising only high scores. ②By praising perseverance. ③By giving challenging tasks. ④By comparing students' intelligence levels. A．①② B．③④ C．①④ D．②③ 68．What does the underlined word “perseverance” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Natural talent. B．Continuous (持续的) effort. C．Good memory. D．Quick thinking. 69．What’s the structure of the text? A．①/②/③④ B．①/②③④ C．①/②③/④ D．①②/③④ 70．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Computers work better than human brains. B．Intelligence can grow through learning like muscles. C．Physical exercise is more important than mental training. D．Teachers should focus only on students' final achievements. Passage15（2025年河南省洛阳市新安县中考一模 ） ①Are you a person with lots of facial expressions? A new study has found that people who use facial expressions often are better at negotiating (谈判/协商) . It means discussing something with others to try to reach an agreement. ②At Nottingham Trent University in England, researchers studied more than 1,500 conversations between people. The first part of the research was having some video calls to record people’s expressions in different situations. The recordings were shown to more than 170 people, who had to rate (评估) whether people in the videos were popular based on their facial expressions. ③In another part of the study, researchers recorded video conversations between 1,456 strangers and studied their expressions. After the conversations, the people who had been talking to each other had to rate how much they liked each other. The results showed that those with more expressive faces were more liked by their conversation partners (伙伴) . ④During the video conversations, people were also given a situation where they had to negotiate a deal. The more expressive people generally got a better result. The researchers said this suggests that people who use lots of facial expressions are considered as more friendly. Scientists also think that being expressive could be important for solving disagreements. ⑤Bridget Waller, who worked on the study, said the research may explain why humans have developed more facial expressions than any other animals. She added that although facial expressions are often thought to show someone’s feelings, she believes they are more likely to be a way of communicating, along with using words. Using facial expressions could also be a way for humans to connect with one another. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 71．How does the writer lead into the topic? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving an example. C．By sharing a story. D．By raising a question. 72．What were 1,456 strangers asked to do during the study? ①To negotiate a deal. ②To study their own facial expressions. ③To rate how much they liked each other. ④To make video conversations with others. A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④ 73．Which would Bridget Waller probably agree with? A．Using words is a better way to communicate. B．Facial expressions are only used to show feelings. C．Animals have developed more facial expressions than before. D．Expressive faces can help people connect with one another better. 74．What is the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 75．What is the best title for the text? A．A research studies strangers B．Expressive faces win more friends C．Shy people fail to communicate D．Humans have more facial expressions Passage16（2025年河南省洛阳市伊川县中考一模 ） Tea and coffee are two of the most popular drinks in the world. However, people usually like one more than the other. These drinks also have very different uses. Tea drinking started in China over 4,000 years ago. Tea is made from leaves. These days, some people drink tea for health, using it to help with stress (压力) or losing weight. However, most people in tea-drinking countries think of tea as more than just a healthy drink. In fact, tea drinking in some countries is a part of the culture. In Turkey (土耳其), tea is always there when people meet. Whether in someone’s home or a company, tea is always offered as a way of welcome. In the UK, homes and offices usually have teatime. Tea and other dishes are served at teatime in the afternoon. It is a way of relaxing with friends or co-workers (同事). Coffee came much later than tea, just over 1,000 years ago. Coffee is made from beans. Something in the coffee beans makes a person feel active. Most people do not drink coffee to relax. Instead, they drink coffee to get going. Many people drink coffee in the morning to help them wake up. Others will also drink coffee during short breaks in the afternoon to keep going through the working day. Some people may visit coffee shops just to meet and talk with friends. However, many people in coffee shops drink coffee while working on their computers. Is tea or coffee more common in your country? Between the two, which do you like to drink more?根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 76．Where did tea drinking start? A．In Japan. B．In the UK. C．In Turkey. D．In China. 77．We can learn from Paragraph 2 that people in the UK ________. A．drink tea to get fat B．have tea to relax C．offer tea to say goodbye D．think of tea as a bad drink 78．What is coffee made from? A．Leaves. B．Sugar. C．Beans. D．Dishes. 79．Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3? A．Coffee came much earlier than tea. B．Many people drink tea to wake up. C．Some people meet and talk with friends in tea shops. D．Many people work on their computers in coffee shops. 80．What is the best title for the text? A．The Different Cultures of Tea and Coffee B．The Prices of Tea and Coffee C．The Smells of Tea and Coffee D．The Different Ways of Making Tea and Coffee Passage17（2025年河南省洛阳市汝阳县中考一模 ） On November 4, the Shenzhou-18 astronauts—Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu—returned to Earth safely after a six-month mission (任务) on the space station. They stayed in orbit (轨道) for 192 days and were all in good health. The Shenzhou-18 manned mission was a big success. Ye Guangfu, the mission leader, set a new record. He became the first Chinese astronaut to spend more than a year in space. Ye was also a part of the Shenzhou-13 mission from October 2021 to April 2022. “Chinese astronauts have flown to space one after another. I believe the record for the longest time in space will be broken soon,” Ye said. Li Cong has just completed his first space mission. He said they worked well together with the ground team. This helped them complete their tasks outside the spacecraft and do successful scientific research. “We have all enjoyed the feeling of weightlessness in space. It is exciting to return to Earth, but we are also sad to leave the wonders of space,” said Li Guangsu, who also went on his first space mission. The Shenzhou-18 spacecraft launched (发射) on April 25, 2024. During their mission, the astronauts carried out many experiments. They went outside the spacecraft twice, and their first spacewalk in May set a new record for the longest single spacewalk by Chinese astronauts. The astronauts also grew plants in the “space garden”. They grew cherry tomatoes and lettuce (莴苣). They even picked some lettuce leaves to eat. “Being able to eat fresh vegetables in space was truly a great pleasure. These green plants also made our work more enjoyable,” Li said. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 81．How long did Shenzhou-18 astronauts stay in space? A．About 4 months. B．More than 6 months. C．About 12 months. D．More than 13 months. 82．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Ye’s record is difficult to break. B．China develops fast and well in space. C．Only Chinese astronauts can break the record. D．China will create more records in many fields. 83．How does Li Cong like their work with the ground team? A．Special. B．Creative. C．Wonderful. D．Boring. 84．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The launch date of the Shenzhou-18 spacecraft. B．The positive spirit of the Shenzhou-18 astronauts. C．The activities of Shenzhou-18 astronauts in space. D．The new discoveries from the Shenzhou-18 astronauts. 85．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To show the difficulties of the Shenzhou-18 manned mission. B．To encourage more people to become astronauts in the future. C．To compare the Shenzhou-18 manned mission with other space missions. D．To introduce the group members and the success of the Shenzhou-18manned mission. Passage18（2025年河南省平顶山市郏县中考一模 ） There’s nothing quite like falling sound asleep after a full day of work. Like people, animals need to rest after working hard. Some animals sleep in water. Others dig holes under the ground. Some even sleep high in trees or under leaves. But they all find a way to rest. Some animals in the sea sleep in strange ways. Fish sleep with their eyes open. They seem to look ahead far into the sea while they rest. Sea otters sometimes sleep in beds of the plants that grow in the sea. This keeps them from moving away. Parrotfish blow something from their mouths when they are ready to sleep. Then a bubble (气泡) will be formed around them. The bubble protects them from harm while they sleep. Some animals sleep under the ground. Chipmunks (花栗鼠) sleep curled up (蜷缩) in a ball. Their beds are made of leaves and grass. In winter, they sleep for two weeks and wake up to eat the stored food. Then they go back to sleep for another two weeks before waking up again. Some desert frogs dig underground holes during the hot, dry season. A frog may stay in its hole for months. High above the ground, monkeys find leafy places in trees each evening before they sleep. The tall trees help to keep monkeys safe during the night. Some insects even sleep under the leaf that will be their next meal. A bee may climb down into a flower to rest. When it climbs out the next morning, it is rested and ready for work. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 86．Why does parrotfish blow a bubble when they sleep? A．Because the bubble can make them look more beautiful. B．Because the bubble can make them look more colorful. C．Because the bubble can protect them from harm while they sleep. D．Because the bubble can make a sweet dream for their children. 87．What do we know about chipmunks according to the text? A．They wake up now and then in winter. B．They never sleep curled up in a ball. C．They rest with their eyes open. D．They don’t eat any food during the winter. 88．What’s the right order of the animals according to the passage? A．sea otters → fish → parrotfish → frogs → monkeys → chipmunks → bees B．fish → sea otters → parrotfish → chipmunks → monkeys → frogs → bees C．sea otters → fish → chipmunks → frogs → parrotfish → monkeys → bees D．fish → sea otters → parrotfish → chipmunks → frogs → monkeys → bees 89．What is the structure of the passage? ( ① = Paragraph 1, ② = Paragraph 2, … ) A． B． C． D． 90．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．Where do the animals live? B．How do the animals sleep? C．Why do the animals move? D．What do the animals feed on? Passage19（2025年河南省平顶山市宝丰名校联盟中考一模 ） Microplastics (微塑料) are so small that we can not see them. But they bring big problems. A new study said that by 2040, microplastic pollution could be twice as bad as it is now. Scientists learned this by looking at 20 years of studies on microplastics. Microplastics are very small pieces of plastic. They come from many places. For example, about 60 percent of material made into clothing is plastic. Every time they are washed, they shed (掉落) microplastics. When water bottles and packing bags are left outside, they break down slowly into microplastics. According to National Geographic, microplastics are usually less than five millimeters (毫米) in size. This small size lets them go everywhere, even in water and air. They don’t break down easily and can stay in the environment for hundreds of years. This can be bad for our health. Recently, it’s said that scientists found microplastics in people’s brains for the first time. They may hurt brain cells (细胞) and change how the brain works. Wild animals are also at risk from microplastic pollution. Each year, up to three million tons of microplastics end up in the ocean. Since they are too small to be seen, fish may eat them by mistake and become very sick. To deal with the problem, scientists’ advice is that we should make and use less plastic. However, it is easier said than done. It requires the efforts of everyone. Only by working together can we protect our environment and have a healthier future for both humans and wildlife. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 91．Where do microplastics come from? a. The water bottles. b. The packing bags. c. The water and the air. d. The clothing material. e. The electronic products. A．b, d, e. B．a, b, d. C．a, c, e. D．b, c, d. 92．Which paragraph tells the harm of microplastics to human beings? (P= Paragraph) A．P2. B．P3. C．P4. D．P5. 93．Why are wild animals in danger from microplastic pollution? A．Because microplastics make animals homeless. B．Because animals may eat microplastics by mistake. C．Because the food chain is changed by microplastics. D．Because microplastics hurt the brain cells of animals. 94．What can we know according to the text? A．Some new green materials can replace microplastics. B．Governments has a policy against using microplastics. C．Microplastics will be effectively managed in the future. D．The scientists suggest reducing the use of plastics. 95．What would be the best title for the text? A．Unseen but there. B．Animals are at risk. C．Protect the earth. D．How the brain works. Passage20（2025年河南省安阳市滑县第一初级中学中考一模 ） While summer heat may be good for trips to the beach, it can be unpleasant and even dangerous. To protect ourselves from high temperatures, we usually turn to our air-conditioning (AC) units. But AC wasn’t invented until the early 1900s, so how did people stay cool before that? In the past, buildings were built to stay cool naturally. The Romans had large courtyards in the center of their houses which often had fountains (喷泉) and pools in them. These allowed cool air to move around the buildings. In Greece, houses were often painted white to reflect (反射) heat from the sun. Besides buildings, people also changed their lifestyles to keep cool. In Spain, for example, it is traditional to have a short sleep in the afternoon. This has developed as a way to avoid working during the hottest hours of the day. Similarly, Bedouins travel through the desert at night and look for cool places during the day. They also eat hot foods like soups. This can take away heat by making them sweat (出汗) and moving blood around better, which can cool them down! Moreover, ice would be collected in the winter months and stored in ice houses until the summer. Then, the product would be sold to people to cool their houses. Although AC has made many of these ways unnecessary, using more traditional ways of keeping cool can save your money on your electric bills. You can avoid using AC by working in the cooler hours of the morning or evening, or drinking hot tea instead of ice-cold water. But whether you choose to use AC or other ways, make sure you stay safe during the hot summer months. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 96．What did the Romans do to make their houses cool in the past? A．They used AC units. B．They painted houses white. C．They made houses with stone walls. D．They built courtyards with fountains and pools. 97．Why can hot drinks help people feel cooler? A．Because they make people sweat. B．Because they help people save energy. C．Because they make people feel less thirsty. D．Because they remind people of cool weather. 98．How does the writer introduce how people stayed cool in the past? A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples. C．By making comparison. D．By using survey results. 99．What does the writer think of the traditional ways of keeping cool? A．They can still be used now. B．They are difficult to achieve. C．They cannot be accepted by the public. D．They can completely take the place of AC． 100．What’s the best title for the text? A．How Air-Conditioning Works B．The Development of Air-Conditioning C．Energy-Saving Ways for Hot Weather D．Traditional and Modern Ways to Cool Down Passage21（2025年河南省安阳市安阳县中考一模 ） Do you know the sugar painting? It is a painting made of sugar. It’s the sugar for us to taste, and the painting for us to admire. Since the Warring States Period (战国时代), the ancient people loved sweets and developed methods of producing sugar. In the Tang Dynasty, there was huge progress in the technology of sugar making. And sugar, the precious product once only served to the emperors and princes, also went into common people’s homes. With the cultural and economic (经济的) development of Song and Yuan dynasties, people became less interested in only tasting sweetness. In the Ming Dynasty, some people added pictures with good luck into the bowl of sugar, and sugar painting appeared. Sugar painting is different from normal painting. Sugar painters use syrup (糖浆) as the material, a spoon as the “paintbrush”, and a smooth table as the “paper”. To make syrup, they have to make sugar hot before painting. Since syrup may become hard if it cools, the painters have to produce the work very quickly. They move the spoon full of syrup up and down, left and right. Soon a sugar painting is done. However, it’s a pity that this folk art is dying recently. The sugar painting that used to be rich in shapes has become poorer and poorer because of fewer needs. What’s worse, few people seem to be willing to pass on the art except those aging sugar painters. For most people, painting is a kind of art and difficult to understand, However, sugar painting has pulled the art down into people’s daily lives. Through it, we may see the spiritual support of the ancient people across centuries. Now, sugar painting has been listed as an intangible cultural heritage  (非物质文化遗产) in China. Therefore, the art should be remembered and passed on. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 101．How does the writer begin the text? A．By giving an example. B．By showing an idea. C．By telling a story. D．By asking a question. 102．What does the underlined word “precious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Valuable and expensive. B．Useful and cheap. C．Special but worthless. D．Simple but priceless. 103．Why should sugar painters make the work very quickly? A．To show their excellent skills. B．To avoid syrup becoming hard. C．To protect the spoon and the table. D．To reduce people’s waiting time. 104．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards today’s sugar painting according to Paragraph 4? A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful. C．Worried. D．Unclear. 105．Which can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Improving the taste of sugar painting. B．Exploring the art of sugar painting. C．Effects of the sugar producing technology. D．Ways to change the future of sugar painting. Passage22（2025年河南省鹤壁市外国语中学中原名校联盟中考一模 ） We often hear the saying “Like father, like son.” Kids are often like their parents. They might look the same, act the same and enjoy the same things. This might be because kids learn from their parents. More importantly, they carry genes (基因) from their parents. There are about 30,000 genes in your body. They make you YOU! You get some genes from your mom and some from your dad. They decide things like your hair color, eye color and how tall you can be! Sometimes, genes do not show up in your parents. But they show up in you. For example, your parents have double eyelids (眼皮), but you have single eyelids. That’s because both of your parents have single-eyelid genes. When they pass down the genes to you, these genes show up in you. Every one of us is a fun mix of our parents. But what interesting genes do we get from our mom, and what do we get from our dad? How smart are you? Get more from: Mom Some genes decide how smart we are. Women have two sets of these genes, while men have one. So, kids are more likely to get their smart brains from their moms. But being smart is only partly because of genes. What you learn also plays a big role. Are you good at sports? Get more from: Mom We get some genes only from our moms. These genes influence how good we are at sports. For example, one gene helps our muscles (肌肉) use oxygen better. If your mom is good at sports, you might be too! Do you get fat easily? Get more from: Dad Our body has good fat and bad fat. The good fat keeps us healthy. The bad fat makes us overweight. How much bad fat do you have? Your dad’s genes have a bigger say. But it is not all about genes. Eating a lot and moving less also make you get fat easily. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 106．How does the writer lead into the topic in Paragraph 1? A．By asking a question. B．By telling a story. C．By listing numbers. D．By using a famous saying. 107．What do we know from Paragraph 2? A．The genes we get from our parents decide our appearance. B．We get more genes from our mother. C．There are about 3,000 genes in our body. D．Our weight has nothing to do with our parents. 108．If you are good at sports, it’s probably because ________. A．you have two sets of genes of sports B．your mom is good at sports C．your dad is good at sports D．you move a lot and eat less 109．What do the underlined words “have a bigger say” mean in the text? A．Give more opinions. B．Give more information. C．Have a bigger influence. D．Have a bigger size. 110．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To explain what makes you YOU. B．To tell us what genes are. C．To discuss how smart genes are. D．To show the importance of genes. Passage23（2025年河南省南阳市西峡县中考一模 ） Is the sky bluer in fall than in summer? The answer is yes! There are some reasons for this. The sun is lower in the sky in fall. As the days get shorter, the sun appears lower and lower in the sky. It doesn’t shine directly on us anymore. Instead, it is closer to the earth and more blue light is scattered (散射). This lets the sky seem bluer. In fall, there is less water in the air, so there are fewer clouds. Fall is known for good weather—cooler temperatures and less wet air. The air does not hold much water, so clouds do not form easily. When there are few or no clouds covering the sky, the blue color of the sky shows more clearly, and the sky looks more open and brighter. You might be surprised, but the colorful leaves of fall actually help give the sky’s blueness a color boost (增强), which can make the sky seem even bluer. If you’ve made a color wheel for an art class, you know that blue and orange are opposite colors that look good together. The red, orange, and gold leaves of fall make the blue sky stand out beautifully against them. This contrast looks nice and creates a special autumn view. So, the next time you’re out enjoying the beautiful weather in autumn, take a moment to look up at the sky, remember these reasons why it looks so blue and enjoy the view! 111．How does the writer lead into the topic in Paragraph 1? A．By asking a question. B．By telling a joke. C．By using an old saying. D．By making a survey. 112．Why does the sky look bluer in fall according to Paragraph 2? A．Because the sun is shining directly on us. B．Because the sun is closer to the earth. C．Because the sun is smaller in the sky. D．Because the sun is covered by the clouds. 113．Which one shows the relationship between the water in the air (x) and the blue color of the sky (y)? A． B． C． D． 114．What colors make the sky bluer in fall? A．Green black and gold. B．Green, orange and white. C．Red, white and black. D．Red, orange and gold. 115．What is the structure of the text? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①/②③/④⑤ C．①②/③/④⑤ D．①②③/④/⑤ Passage24（2025年河南省南阳市镇平县中考一模 ） A bird diary is a record of all the birds you have seen. Here’s how you can prepare information for your bird diary: ◆Find a quiet place where there are lots of birds. Birds like places where they can find food and water. ◆Sit in a place where you will stay quiet. Don’t scare the birds with sudden movements or loud noises. ◆Make notes about the birds. Look at one bird at a time. What can you see? Write about it in a small notebook. At home, copy your notes up clearly into your bird diary. ◆Draw pictures of the birds. Do quick drawings in your notebook. You can also take photos of the birds. At home, copy the drawings into your bird diary. Put photos into your bird diary, too. It’s easy to forget things. Here are some questions you should ask yourself: ◆What color is the bird? Some birds have bright colors to attract (吸引) other birds. Some birds are the same color as the land they live on, so that enemies don’t see them. ◆_______ Some birds have wide powerful wings. Others have small wings that move quickly when they fly. You can stick feathers (羽毛) in your bird diary. Remember never to steal eggs from them. ◆What is the bird’s beak like? Birds with short beaks, like finches (雀科小鸟), eat seeds. Some birds, like hoopoes (戴胜), have long sharp beaks to catch worms. Eagles (鹰) have strong beaks. They eat meat. What are the bird’s feet like? Can they catch the tree? Are they good for walking or swimming? Bird: The Bald Eagle Place: The Grand Canyon Date and Time: 5 p.m. May 5th Weather: warm and sunny I saw a bald eagle. It had a white head and a white neck and tail. Its body was about 100cm long. It had large wings. Its beak was yellow and like a hook (钩). It was trying to catch fish in the river. I found this feather in the grass. ——A bird diary from Janet 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 116．Which is TRUE about the preparation for the bird diary? A．We can play with birds. B．We can take a camera. C．We should find a busy place. D．We should bring some food for birds. 117．Which of the following questions can be put in the blank (空白处)? A．Where do birds live? B．What food do birds like? C．How do birds catch food? D．What are birds’ wings like? 118．Which shows the meaning of the underlined word “beak” in the text? A．A B．B C．C D．D 119．What information can we get from Janet’s bird diary? ①the looks of the bird    ②the weight of the bird ③the bird’s favorite food    ④the weather condition A．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．②④ 120．What is the text? A．A story. B．A poem. C．An interview. D．An introduction. Passage25（ 2025年河南省南阳市镇平县中考一模） You may have a house robot that can do housework for you. But is it so smart? See Aurora, a headless dog-sized robot used to keep birds and other animals away at an Alaskan airport. Watch another 1.8 meter-tall legless robot called EveR6, moving its arms to guide musicians through a performance (表演). Those robots above require artificial intelligence (AI). AI is a computer system (系统) that can understand languages, make decisions and solve problems. AI can be taught skills. Humans give AI information such as books, photos or videos to train it. The more information it studies, the better it can do its job. _______ For example, when you watch TV, AI will know what your favorite is and suggest similar ones. In hospitals, AI is very good at suggesting treatments and can even invent new medicines. In cities, AI is used to watch out for cars that make black smoke. It works together with the police to stop them and keep the air clean. AI can help us fight climate (气候) change by finding clever ways to cut down the energy use. Some people worry that AI will take away a lot of jobs and also fear that AI could develop out of control and bring danger to humans. However, AI is expected to be a more powerful production tool that will help humans achieve more in less time. Humans imagine AI might even find a way to solve the problems of our energy needs completely. Anyway, there is still a long journey for humans and AI. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 121．Where can we see Aurora and EveR6? a. At home.    b. At an airport.    c. At a hospital.    d. At a music hall. A．a,c B．b,d C．b,c D．a,d 122．What BIG question does Paragraph 2 answer? A．What is AI? B．Why are AI robots made? C．Where is AI used? D．How many AI robots are mentioned? 123．Which of the following can be put in “_______”? A．AI will be developed rapidly. B．AI has become part of daily life. C．Humans depend too much on AI. D．Humans wonder if AI could think. 124．What is AI expected to be able to do in the future? A．To suggest TV programs. B．To cut down food waste. C．To invent new medicines. D．To help produce enough energy. 125．What would the writer write about after the last paragraph? A．The end of AI. B．The history of AI. C．The way to get along with AI. D．The skill of making AI robots. Passage26（2025年河南省南阳市方城县多校中招联考一模 ） An old saying tells us, “When swallows fly low, rain is coming.” This might sound like a simple story, but scientists have found that birds’ actions can truly help us understand the weather and seasons. For thousands of years, people around the world have watched birds to know when seasons change. Today, scientists use tools like GPS and computers to study birds’ seasonal travel. But even without modern technology, nature still gives us important hints. Here are some interesting things birds do that tell us about the weather: Singing More: If birds sing loudly in the morning, it usually means the day will be sunny and warm. When there is no wind, their songs sound clearer. Flying Together: When birds gather (聚集)in large groups, it often means a storm is near. This is because birds can feel changes in the air pressure (压力)before bad weather comes. Then they will gather together to keep warm and search for food. Building Nests (巢穴)High: Birds that build nests high in trees might be preparing for heavy rain. They choose safe places to protect their eggs from floods. Birds act in these ways for two main reasons. First, weather changes influence their food. For example, insects fly lower before a storm, so birds fly down to catch them. Second, birds can feel small changes in the air pressure. When the air pressure drops (a sign of rain), some birds become restless. If you see birds suddenly hiding in trees, it’s time to take an umbrella! Now, warmer winters are changing some birds’ habits. Some birds start their seasonal travel earlier or stay closer to home. By studying these changes, scientists learn not only about birds but also how to protect our environment. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 126．How does the text begin to catch the reader’s attention? A．With a question. B．With an old saying. C．With a personal story. D．With a scientific fact. 127．What does the underlined word “hints” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Standards. B．Gifts. C．Choices. D．Signs. 128．What may happen when birds gather in large groups? A．There will be a storm soon. B．They will look for some food. C．They will fly to warm places. D．It will be sunny and warm today. 129．Why does the writer end the text by talking about warmer winters? A．To talk about winter weather. B．To tell readers how to face warmer winters. C．To suggest the best season for bird watching. D．To connect bird habits with environmental worries. 130．What is the best title for the text? A．Why we need to watch birds B．Different ways to protect birds C．Modern tools for studying birds D．How birds show us the weather changes Passage27（2025年河南省南阳市内乡县中考一模 ） ①Nowadays, people always make up their mind to give up sugar, but they always end up with failure. Why is sugar so powerful, and how can you beat it? ②Many sugar cravings (渴求) come from a blood sugar imbalance (不平衡). When your body takes in sugar, your blood sugar quickly goes up and your body lets insulin (胰岛素) out to lower it to a safer level. But if your blood sugar level is too low, your body will want more food to raise it. ③Some sugar cravings are from your brain as a result of lifestyle. For example, if you are too stressed, you will be thirsty for sugar to cheer yourself up. Besides, poor sleep can also lead to overeating sugar, because you need energy to free yourself from tiredness. ④ Sometimes the cravings come from a habit. Perhaps you watched your parents overeat sugar throughout your childhood. Now you do the same, eating pie, for example, even though you are not hungry at all. Or you may eat sweet food like chocolate or ice-cream to reduce (减少) sadness. ⑤ The key to dealing with sugar cravings is to eat foods that stop too much insulin from being released. Healthy fats and protein (蛋白质) are good choices. Protein helps you feel satisfied, which can cut down hunger. ⑥You may find it is hard to give up sugar totally. But once you start to deal with it, you can beat sugar and have a healthy life. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 131．Which of the following best shows how blood sugar changes after someone eats something sweet? A． B． C． D． 132．Why do we develop the bad sugar habit? A．Because high sugar foods are usually more delicious. B．Because we like to eat high sugar foods when we are happy. C．Because we follow the examples of our parents to overeat. D．Because it’s common for us to feel hungry from time to time. 133．What does the underlined word “released” mean in Chinese? A．减少 B．释放 C．加快 D．弱化 134．According to the text, we CANNOT reduce sugar cravings by _________. A．getting enough sleep at night B．having a high-protein breakfast C．actively dealing with stress D．overeating chocolate and ice-cream 135．What’s the structure of the passage? A．B． C． D． Passage28（2025年河南省南阳市桐柏县中考一模 ） Life for the old is changing quickly because of technology. While some find joy in these changes, others face difficulties. Many seniors are discovering fun ways to use technology. Free online classes let them learn painting, gardening, or even how to use smartphones. For example, 72-year-old Grandma Zhang recently learned to make digital (数字的) birthday cards for her grandchildren. Video apps like WeChat help families stay connected. “I see my grandson’s face every day though he studies abroad,” said Mr. Li, 68, with a smile. Smartwatches are also popular—they check heart rates and remind users to take medicine. Some hospitals even let patients talk to doctors online, saving time for those who have trouble walking. However, not everything is easy. About 40% of people over 65 say technology changes too fast. Many have a hard time with small phone text, forget passwords, or worry about online tricks. “I once lost 500 yuan on my phone. Now I’m scared to use my phone,” shared Auntie Wang. To help, communities are taking action. Young volunteers teach seniors how to use phones safely every weekend. In Beijing, a 16-year-old boy named Xiaoming became a “tech-teacher” for his neighbors. “Mr. Chen learned to send emojis (表情)! He sends me a thumbs-up after each lesson,” Xiaoming said proudly. The government also opened special “tech-cafes” with large-screen computers and friendly guides. As 5G networks reach more places, even villages are joining the digital age. The key is to make technology kind to people of all ages. After all, today’s young “phone experts” will one day be seniors (较年长者) too. By working together, every age can enjoy the benefits of a connected world. Digital life not only brings us joy but also prepares us for future jobs. Many jobs today require computer and internet skills. So, let’s enjoy digital life wisely, stay safe, and keep a balance.This way, we can make the most of it and be ready for the future. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 136．How many good things does technology bring to seniors? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 137．What does “thumbs-up” mean in Paragraph 3? A． B． C． D． 138．Where do young volunteers help seniors? A．In schools. B．In hospitals. C．In communities. D．In companies 139．What can we infer about the government’s “tech-cafes”? A．It’s only for young people. B．It helps seniors use tech tools. C．It teaches seniors cooking skills. D．It costs a lot of money. 140．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Tech only helps the young. B．Seniors should stop using phones. C．Smartwatches please some seniors. D．Tech helps and I challenges seniors. Passage29（2025年河南省南阳市南召县云阳初级学校中考一模 ） There is a special subject called biomimicry (仿生学), which means “copying nature”. Actually, nature is always our best teacher. It teaches us a lot and we learn from it to solve difficulties. For example, in order to increase the speed of the train, researchers tried many ways, but the results were not good. An engineer who also happened to be a birdwatcher got a good idea when watching how a kingfisher (翠鸟) was able to move smoothly between the air and the water. He believed we could remodel (重塑) the nose of the engine using the shape of the kingfisher's mouth to achieve the goal of increasing the speed. The result? Now a special kind of train travels at higher speed than before and uses less energy. Designs inspired (激发) by nature are not new. The Wright brothers created their first plane by studying the flight of birds. But in recent years, teams of engineers and researchers worldwide have been studying the way of winged creatures to come up with designs for even more perfect vehicles. Bird is one of the commonest examples that we learn from nature. Biomimicry can inspire creativity and imagination, improving new inventions. By studying nature's designs and processes, scientists and engineers can develop new technologies and products that are more efficient. They offer lots of possibilities for improving our lives and protecting the environment.   根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 141．How did the engineer come up with the way of increasing the speed of the train? A．By observing bees work together. B．By talking with other engineers. C．By improving the way they tried before. D．By observing how a kingfisher move smoothly. 142．What can we know about the special kind of train according to Paragraph 2? A．It is like the old model. B．The nose of the engine was remodeled. C．It is faster and uses more energy than before. D．It doesn't achieve the goal of increasing the speed. 143．What is the structure of the text? (P＝Paragraph) A．B． C． D． 144．What does the writer want to tell us? A．Birds can't lead to new inventions. B．We should observe animals carefully. C．Kingfishers are the best models for train. D．Some inventions are learned from animals. 145．In which unit of a textbook can the text be found? A．Unit 1 Traffic and Safety B．Unit 2 History and Culture C．Unit 3 Technology and Invention D．Unit 4 Pollution and Protection Passage30（2025年河南省商丘市睢阳区商丘工学院附属兴华学校中考一模 ） Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it. It is a behavior of putting off things that are planned to be done. As the saying goes, “Everything happens for a reason.” Procrastination is no exception. It is directly related to the procrastinators themselves. They usually have higher expectations of themselves. They don’t want to start in a rush. They want everything to be done well. Sometimes too difficult work can also cause people to have too much pressure. When people are under too much pressure and cannot stand it, they usually choose procrastination. Procrastinators often report a high fear of failure. So, how can we break the cycle of procrastination? Firstly, lower your expectations for yourself. When you plan to do something, it is important to set small goals based on your own ability. Don’t be too hasty when completing the plan. It should be done step by step. Once there are results that disappoint you, calm down and build your confidence. Secondly, break a task into smaller parts. Then make a list. Write down clearly what needs to be done first, what needs to be done later and when they will be completed. If you don’t complete it, you should receive a punishment for this. Instead, give yourself a prize, such as having a big meal. Thirdly, if you have a serious procrastination problem, ask a professional doctor for help and follow his advice. If procrastination hurts you for a long time, you must take it seriously and help yourself out of the troubles of procrastination to improve the quality of work and life. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 146．What’s Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The meaning of procrastination. B．The reasons for procrastination. C．The expectations of procrastinators. D．The suggestions for procrastinators. 147．How does the writer lead into the topic “ways to deal with procrastination”? A．By using a saying. B．By raising a question. C．By giving an example. D．By making a comparison. 148．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “hasty”? A．Hurried. B．Patient. C．Nervous. D．Angry. 149．What can we know from the third paragraph? A．High expectations help build confidence. B．Give yourself a prize if the results are bad. C．Every part of a task should be finished at the same time. D．Turn to a professional doctor for help when necessary. 150．What’s the best title for the text? A．What Is Procrastination? B．The Art of Procrastination C．How to Stop Procrastinating? D．The Facts Showing You’re Procrastinating Passage31（2025年河南省信阳市罗山县中考一模 ） During the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong asked his top helper, Feng Deyi, to find some really smart people to work for the country. However, several months passed. Feng didn’t find anyone. “I’ve tried my best, but there are not unusual and perfect people at all,” Feng said. “People are like utensils (用具). What we need to do is to make good use of their skills. You cannot excuse yourself for not noticing talented people. How could you say that there are no talented people in our country?” said the emperor. Indeed, each utensil or tool has its use. A knife is made to cut things while chopsticks are made to pick up food. We can’t utilize (使用) a knife as a chopstick. It’s the same with people. Each person is good at something special. Nobody can be great at everything. We all have our own talents, just like different tools have different uses. With this idea in mind, Emperor Taizong discovered many talented people of different backgrounds. He offered them important jobs, which helped them make the best of their talents. The talented people helped the society develop and created a “golden age”. A good example is Ma Zhou, who grew up in a poor family. Ma gave a lot of useful advice, so Emperor Taizong offered him a job and gave him more important tasks over time. Ma helped the emperor with plenty of serious problems and became a well-known person in history. Some people say if a person is talented in one way, we should give him a chance. The same idea can be found in The Analects of Confucius (《论语》). Treating people as utensils shows that we can not only lead people well, but also allow them to work well. Today, as our work is being divided more and more clearly, the idea still makes sense. If we become leaders some day, we should help others give full play to their skills. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 151．What caused Feng Deyi to fail to complete his task? A．Emperor Taizong had pushed him too hard. B．He didn’t work hard enough to perform his job. C．He didn’t have a clear plan for discovering talent. D．His idea of choosing talented people wasn’t totally right. 152．What did Emperor Taizong compare talented people to? A．Useful tools. B．Big knives. C．Wooden chopsticks. D．Real gold. 153．Which paragraph describes how Emperor Taizong got the best out of his men? A．Paragraph 3. B．Paragraph 4. C．Paragraph 5. D．Paragraph 6. 154．Which word can best describe Emperor Taizong? A．Hard-working. B．Kind. C．Strict. D．Wise. 155．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To tell a story of the “golden age” in history. B．To show the Chinese wisdom of utilizing talent. C．To share the common knowledge of using utensils. D．To explain the importance of learning from Confucius. Passage32（2025年河南省信阳市罗山县中考一模 ） Can animals sense earthquakes and other natural disasters before they happen? Is there any real science behind this idea? As far back as 373 B．C．, the ancient Greeks noticed that snakes would “behave strangely days before a big earthquake”. However, there isn’t enough scientific support that animals can sense earthquakes, at least not days before they happen. When an earthquake happens, it produces two kinds of energy waves. The smaller one is called a Primary Wave, or “P wave”. It arrives a couple of minutes before the larger Secondary Wave, or “S wave”. The “P wave” travels faster because it can move through solid (固体的) things, water and air, while the “S wave” can only pass through solid things. Very few people notice the “P wave”, but animals often can, thanks to their good senses. With their excellent sense of smell, some wild animals can tell when a fire is burning nearby. But it’s impossible for them to have a premonition of when and where fires will start ahead of time. With the world getting warmer and warmer, wildfires become more common. It is harder than ever for animals to live through these disasters. A new study suggests that some birds may be able to sense storms much earlier than humans. The researchers studied veeries (棕色夜鸫), a kind of songbird. In certain years, these birds finished their breeding season (繁殖期) and began moving to South America earlier than usual. Those years turned out to have longer and more serious hurricane (飓风) seasons. The researchers consider the birds’ unusual behavior to be a sign of storms. But we need more research to make sure of this. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 156．How does the writer lead in the topic? A．By telling a story. B．By asking questions. C．By comparing things. D．By listing research results. 157．Why does the “P wave” travel faster? A．Because it’s much smaller. B．Because it carries more energy. C．Because people can sense it more easily. D．Because it can move through more things. 158．What does the underlined word “premonition” mean? A．A feeling that something is going to happen. B．A feeling that something is really important. C．A feeling that something is not completely true. D．A feeling that something will turn uncomfortable. 159．Which of the following might be a sign of serious storms? A．Veeries sing day and night. B．Veeries give birth to more babies. C．Veeries fly to South America earlier. D．Veeries spend more time staying in the trees. 160．What is the structure of the text? (P= Paragraph) A． B． C． D． Passage33（2025年河南省信阳市息县九年级下学期一模 ） Researchers in Shanghai are developing a robot “guide dog” that could help blind people. The machine uses cameras and sensors (传感器) to guide its way. It can recognize traffic light signals which traditional guide dogs are unable to recognize. The robot can communicate. It can listen and speak with a blind user. The robot also uses AI to recognize voices, plan ways to go from place to place and identify (确认) traffic lights. The robot dog is about the size of an English bulldog but a little wider than a real dog. It has six legs instead of four because the researchers say the two more legs make it more stable (稳定), making its movements smoother. Professor Gao Feng is the head of the research team that is developing the dog at Jiaotong University. “When three legs are lifted, there are still three legs. It’s the most stable shape,” he said. 41-year-old Li Fei and 42-year-old Zhu Sibin are among the people who are helping the Jiaotong University team. They’re testing the dog using Chinese orders. Li said, “If this dog comes onto the market, I will use it. At least it could solve some of my problems in traveling alone.” China has a big shortage of traditional guide dogs. Service animals are a fairly new idea in China. Many workplaces, restaurants and public areas don’t welcome a usual service dog. Gao said the production of robot guide dogs could be increased to an industrial level, especially in China. “I can produce them in large numbers just the same way as cars. This way, they’ll become more affordable,” Gao said. The researcher thinks there could be a large market for his robot dogs. “There might be tens of millions of people in the world who need guide dogs,” Gao added. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。 161．Which best describes the robot guide dog according to Paragraph 1? A．Expensive but useful. B．Lovely and popular. C．Smart and useful. D．Light but strong. 162．What makes the robot guide dog move more smoothly? A．Its six legs. B．Its perfect size. C．Its special materials. D．Its light weight. 163．Why were Li Fei and Zhu Sibin chosen to help the team probably? A．They are familiar with dogs. B．They know robots very well. C．They want to buy a guide dog. D．They are maybe blind people. 164．How will Gao bring down the price of the robot guide dog? A．By using cheaper materials. B．By producing quite a lot of them. C．By increasing traditional guide dogs. D．By inventing more expensive robot guide dogs. 165．What’s the best title for this text? A．China Is in Need of Guide Dogs B．Give a Helping Hand to the Blind C．Science Has Changed People’s Life D．Chinese Robot Guide Dogs for the Blind Passage34（2025年河南省周口市商水县几校中考一模 ） To make life comfortable, many disposable products (一次性产品) are made, such as plastic (塑料) bags and containers. As a result, a great deal of plastic is thrown away every day, creating a big environment problem. To solve this problem, we recycle or reuse plastic waste. Here are some examples of amazing creative ways of recycling, and reusing plastic. In Taiwan, China, there is a building called the ECOARK. Three hundred tons of plastic waste was made into 1.5 million bottle-shaped bricks (砖) to build it. The plastic bricks, even though light in weight, are designed to get through earthquakes and typhoons. Another amazing example of recycled plastic is a bridge in Scotland. It’s the world’s longest plastic bridge. Fifty tons of plastic bottles and containers were used to make it. It is so strong that it can hold 44 tons of people and cars. Besides, it doesn’t rust (生锈) or need regular painting. There is also a sailboat named Plastiki. It was built from about 12,000 plastic bottles and weighs about 9 tons. It sailed all the way across the Pacific Ocean from San Francisco to Sydney! The purpose of the journey was to make people know that millions of tons of plastic are floating in and polluting the ocean. Next time, before you throw away something plastic, see if it can be recycled, or think of a creative way to reuse it. It doesn’t necessarily have to be a big creation like the examples above. There are many simple, useful things you can do. For example, you can make little holes in the bottom of a plastic bottle and use it to water plants. Or you can cut a bottle in half and use it as a hand shovel. Why don’t you try to come up with some creative ideas of your own? 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 166．Which words best describe the plastic bricks used to built EcoARK? A．light and strong B．soft and beautiful C．heavy and hard D．dark and cheap 167．Which is true about the bridge in Scotland? A．It rusts easily. B．It needs regular painting. C．It can only hold 44 people. D．It’s made of 50 tons of plastic. 168．Why did Plastiki sail from San Francisco to Sydney? A．To break a sailing record. B．To test if plastic boats can float. C．To ship recycled materials. D．To teach people about ocean pollution. 169．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 170．How does the writer call readers to action in the last paragraph? A．By asking readers to stop using plastic. B．By showing photos of recycled products. C．By suggesting simple ways to reuse plastic. D．By explaining the benefit of recycling plastic. Passage35（2025年河南省周口市鹿邑县中考一模 ） Nature is amazing! Take a close look at the world of insects, and you’ll discover many unbelievable things. Consider butterflies, for example. Butterflies are colorful and they have strong wings. They can show their wonderful flying skills with their wings. On summer days, you can always see them flying freely over flower gardens and wild fields. But do you know how butterflies become the flying insects? The process includes four stages. In the first stage, a female (雌的) butterfly lays a small and colorful egg on a leaf or the stem (茎) of a plant. In the second stage, it becomes a walking insect. This insect is called caterpillar (毛虫). It now has legs, eyes and a large body. The caterpillar can eat, walk and see. A new life has begun, but it is still not a butterfly. The next stage is known as the “pupa (蛹) stage”. After growing big, the caterpillar covers itself in a nice protective blanket (保护层) and goes to sleep. In the last stage, the blanket breaks, and a wet, weak butterfly appears. It looks quite different from a pupa. It now has six legs, a mouth, eyes and wings. After a few weeks, this adult butterfly lays her eggs, and the cycle begins again. This is just one example of the wonders of nature. Look around the natural world, and you will learn many truly amazing things. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 171．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing paragraph 1? A．To introduce colorful butterflies. B．To introduce the topic of the text. C．To tell us the flying skills of butterflies. D．To show us how amazing butterflies are. 172．What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The egg. B．The caterpillar. C．The pupa. D．The butterfly. 173．In which stage does the insect have wings? A．The first stage. B．The second stage. C．The third stage. D．The fourth stage. 174．What can we learn from the text? A．A caterpillar has eyes but no legs. B．The caterpillar sleeps in a blanket. C．A butterfly has six legs and can fly. D．A butterfly looks similar to a pupa. 175．What’s the best title for the text? A．Butterflies’ Special Life B．Changes of Insects C．Unbelievable Insects D．Amazing Butterflies Passage36（2025年河南省周口市沈丘县中英文等校中考一模 ） Do you know some people can “see” the world by using their ears? People need to make clicking sounds with their tongues. When the sound waves hit an object, they come back as echoes (回声). Then people listen to the differences in the echoes and tell where the thing is in the dark so they can find their way. This is called echolocation. By practicing this, blind people now can do many things, including riding bikes alone or playing basketball! All these used to be impossible for them without this skill. In the past, scientists thought only blind people could learn echolocation. According to a research, after a person loses his sight (视力), there are some changes in his brain. So his brain works differently compared with the past. Scientists believed this was the key to leaning echolocation. But now a new study shows that sighted people can learn it too! In the study, both blind and sighted people were trained for 10 weeks, learning to make clicking sounds and use them to navigate in the dark. With practice, both groups improved! They could find their position and direction to go. What’s the reason behind? When scientists studied their brains after the 10-week training, they found that the visual cortex (视觉皮层) became more active when people listened. This happened to both blind and sighted people! Scientists guess this part of brain doesn’t just control what people see—it also deals with information from other senses, like hearing, smell and taste. For blind people, echolocation is more than a skill that makes their lives easier. Many said they felt more confident. Even more, this discovery shows how powerful human’s brains are. Even if you can’t see, your brain can learn new skills, using sounds to help you “see” the world! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 176．How does the writer start the text? A．By telling a story. B．By listing some numbers. C．By asking a question. D．By giving an example. 177．What can blind people do by using echolocation according to the text? A．Read paper books. B．Study on computers. C．Play chess. D．Ride bicycles alone. 178．What does the underlined word “navigate” mean? A．find one’s way B．lose one’s sight C．gain one’s power D．move one’s arm 179．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Nowadays, only blind people can use echolocation. B．After losing sight, there are some changes in people’s brain. C．The visual cortex just controls what people see and hear. D．Sighted people improved more than blind people after training. 180．In which part of a magazine can the text be found? A．Healthy Life. B．Sports World. C．Science Study. D．Amazing Nature. Passage37（2025年河南省周口市郸城县名校中考一模 ） Have you ever thought about a very small robot moving slowly inside your body to help doctors do surgery (手术)? It’s not something from science fiction. Now, doctors are using robots to do surgery. These robots have small cameras, which let doctors see inside patients’ bodies. The robots also have little scissors and other things. “It’s like having small hands working inside the patients,” said Dr. Wang from a hospital in Beijing. Here’s how they work: First, the doctor makes a small opening in a patient’s body. Then, the doctor puts the robot into the patient’s body through this opening. Next, the doctor moves the robot to where it should go. At last, with the help of the robot, the doctor looks into the patient’s body and starts to work. The robots have a lot of good points for doctors and patients. They help to make medical costs lower and make hard surgery faster and easier. They also make it possible for doctors to do surgery with less harm to patients’ bodies. So patients can get well sooner. But robots are not always flawless. They are expensive. Also, they are just tools that need good doctors to use them. Even the best robots can’t do everything that people can do. Scientists are trying to make the robots smarter. Maybe one day, robots will be able to do even more things for us. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 181．How does the writer lead into the text? A．By doing a survey. B．By giving an example. C．By asking a question. D．By showing a picture. 182．What is the second step of using the robot in surgery? A．The doctor moves the robot to the right place. B．The doctor makes a small opening in the patient’s body. C．The doctor puts the robot into the patient’s body through the opening. D．The doctor looks into the patient’s body with the robot. 183．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The different kinds of tools the robots have. B．The process of how the robots work during surgery. C．The places where the robots are used in the hospital. D．The people who control the robots during surgery. 184．What does the underlined word “flawless” mean? A．Without any problems. B．Hard to use. C．With many mistakes. D．Unable to work. 185．What do we know from the text? A．Robots will take the place of doctors in the future. B．The robots are cheap and easy to use. C．Scientists have already made the robots perfect. D．Robots have both advantages and disadvantages. Passage38（2025年河南省驻马店市平舆县中考一模 ） The Amazon River is in the north of South America. It is 6,400 kilometers long. This makes it the second-longest river in the world. But the Amazon River has much more water in it than any other river. The water that flows (流) into the Atlantic Ocean every second is a few times greater than the total flow of the other three biggest rivers in the world. That is why it is called the world’s biggest river. The Amazon River is very important to the earth. It plays an important role in keeping the balance of nature. It is home to so many different kinds of animals and plants. Many of them can’t be easily found anywhere else on the earth. The rainforests along the Amazon River are known as the “lungs of the earth”. They release (释放) a large amount of O₂ and take in a lot of CO₂, which is a great help to the global climate (全球气候). However, what worries us is that the Amazon River and its rainforests are facing serious problems. One of the biggest problems is that people overcut trees. It seems these people have some proper reasons for this, such as farming, and building houses and roads. As a result, many animals have lost their homes. And, a lot of plants are endangered, too. Besides, pollution is also a big problem. Industrial waste and chemicals are being poured into the river, which makes the water in the Amazon River become dirtier and dirtier. At the same time, this also has a bad influence on the lives in the river. Now some methods have been taken to deal with the problems by the government. We must take the problem seriously and try our best to do something for the earth. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。 186．Why is the Amazon River called the world’s biggest river? A．Because the water in it is the most. B．Because it covers the biggest area. C．Because it is the longest river in the world. D．Because it flows into the Atlantic Ocean. 187．Which question could best help us find the main idea of the second paragraph? A．What animals live along the Amazon River? B．Where does the Amazon River start and end? C．Why is the Amazon River important to the earth? D．How does the Amazon River keep the balance of nature? 188．Which experiment can produce the same gas (气体) as that released by the rainforests? A． B． C． D． 189．What is the main problem facing the Amazon River according to the text? A．Rising in temperature. B．Shortage of food for animals. C．Increasing in animal population. D．Overcutting of trees and pollution. 190．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To tell us the ways to protect the Amazon River. B．To encourage us to learn more geography knowledge. C．To show how the Amazon River affects the global climate. D．To introduce the Amazon River and call on us to protect it. Passage39（2025年河南省驻马店市上蔡县中考一模 ） “I just don’t have enough time.” “I’m going to mess it up anyway.” These are the reasons people give for not making their beds. While they make sense, what if you know it does you great good? Would you like to form such a habit? Domino effect It encourages a tidy environment. When one area of your room is messy, it can create a domino effect of messiness. You may start leaving clothing, food, and unwashed bedding on the floor. When your bed is made up, it encourages you to keep the rest of your room tidy. Seeing one part of your room clean moves you to want to do more. It helps make you feel good. Many people are visual people—— what they see is what they feel. They most likely have difficulty working at their best in messy environments. After a long day of work, you may come home and try to relax. If most of your relaxation takes place in your room, seeing a messy bed can make your long day a bit harder. However, keeping a tidy bed can bring a small sense of calmness. ▲ There are times you may feel like nothing is going the way you want. Making your bed is something you can have complete control over the result. Doing little things like this can take your mind off the negative things. And through this, you can make the disappointment coming from underachieved tasks become less. While it brings many useful benefits to make your bed in the morning, there are also some things that can be bigger disadvantages. For example, some research argues it may lead to decreased (降低的) creativity, especially for those who need a messy workplace to do creative thinking. While it brings many useful benefits to make your bed in the morning, there are also some things that can be bigger disadvantages. For example, some research argues it may lead to decreased (降低的) creativity, especially for those who need a messy workplace to do creative thinking. Anyway, making your bed is completely up to you. While the benefits may encourage you to start this habit, be sure to understand what your body truly wants. If you feel you make better improvements with a messy bed, feel free to be a non-bed maker. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。 191．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2? A．By telling his own life experience. B．By comparing two opposite cases. C．By giving some similar examples. D．By showing the findings of a research. 192．Which of the following is most probably describing a visual person? A．Jack always listens to rock music when feeling unhappy. B．John prefers to hang out with those with similar interests. C．Amy’s face always lights up when she sees beautiful clothes. D．Tony can tell whether a person is honest when he first sees them. 193．Which can be put at “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 4 ? A．It gives you a sense of control. B．It helps increase your speed. C．It teaches you to make good use of time. D．It helps keep your life well-organized. 194．What’s the writer’s opinion about making the bed in the morning? A．It should be the first thing to do after we wake up. B．It does much harm to people who do creative work. C．It’s always been an important part of a healthy life. D．It’s people’s personal choice whether to do it or not. 195．What’s the structure of this text? (P1= Paragraph 1…) A． B． C． D． 2 / 16 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$