Unit 4 Sharing Review useful structure（课件）-【上好课】2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019选择性必修第四册）

仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛谓之仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而 Review useful structure 新人教选必四 Unit 4 Sharing Lead-in： 英语词类 实词 虚词 形容词 动词 名词 副词 冠词 介词 代词 连词 adj. content words functional words v. n. adv. art. prep. pron. conj. 什么是短语： 由两个或多个词构成 按一定的语法规则围绕一定的中心词结合起来 分类及其句法功能： 名词短语与名词功能相似，主要充当主语、宾语； 动词短语与动词功能相似，充当谓语、非谓语； 形容词短语与形容词功能相似，主要充当定语； 副词短语与副词功能相似，主要充当状语； 介词短语与介词功能相似 Noun phrase(NP) 名词短语 Verb phrase(VP) Adverbial phrase(AdvP) Adjective phrase(AdjP) Prepositional phrase(PreP) 动词短语 形容词短语 副词短语 介词短语 短语类型 名词短语是指以一个名词为中心构成的短语。 指出下列句子中画线名词短语所作的句子成分，并注意其组成。 1. These ideas may seem strange to you. 作 ______ 2. We love our great motherland very much. 作 ______ 3. The man wearing a black coat is our teacher. 作_____ 4. Those beautiful flowers come from Yunnan Province. 作 _____ 5. We elected him monitor of our class. 作 _________ 主语 宾语 表语 主语 宾语补足语 合作探究1 短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。 名词短语 (NP)： 1. 名词短语在句中作名词用，一般用作 ___________________ _____________ 等。 2. 名词短语由“ (限定词) ＋ (数词、形容词、形容词短语、描述性 名词) ＋ 名词 ＋ (介词短语) ”组成。 主语、宾语、表语、 宾语补足语 Conclusion 限定词包括冠词 (a, an, the)、指示代词 (this, that, these, those等)、物主代词 (my, your, his, her, our, their等) 和不定代词(some, no, neither, both等)。 判断句中的名词短语及其句法功能 He got three gold medals at the 23rd Olympic Games. The tall building was built last year. This is a very interesting book. We made him captain of our team. The flower shop is just around the corner and you won't miss it. He has received a nice coffee cup as a gift. This is an exciting experience which will never be forgotten. We made Tom monitor of our class. 宾 主 表 宾补 主 宾 宾 表 宾补 动词短语 (VP)： （1）连系动词（be/feel/look ...）＋形容词/过去分词＋介词 be open to 对……开放 be interested in 对……感兴趣 be glad to meet you 见到你很高兴 be used to smoking 习惯于吸烟 （2）动词＋v-ing形式/to do/普通名词 enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事 finish doing sth做完某事 want to leave 想要离开 plan to do sth 计划做某事 drink wine 喝酒 walk the dog 遛狗 ① put back 放回去　　 ② call back 回电话 ③ break down 出故障 ④ turn down 调小 ⑤ come up 上升 3、动词＋副词 ⑥ blow up 爆炸 ⑦ show off 炫耀 ⑧ give off 散发 ⑨break out突然发生 ⑩ run out 用完 动词短语的构成 ① bring about引起 ② contribute to 导致 ③ fall into 陷入 ④ seek for寻找 ⑤ burst into 闯入 4、动词＋介词 ⑥ look into 调查 ⑦ see to 处理；负责 ⑧ devote to 贡献给 ⑨ deal with 处理 ⑩ believe in 信任 ① add up to 总计 ② keep away from远离 ③ look down on 轻视 ④ keep up with 赶上 ⑤ make up for 弥补 5、动词＋副词＋介词 ⑥ get on with 相处 ⑦get across to使明白 ⑧get out of 逃避,避免 ⑨ put up with 忍受 ⑩ catch up with 赶上 ① catch sight of 看见,瞥见　② make use of 利用 ③ pay attention to 注意 ④ make sense of 理解 ⑤ take notice of 注意到 ⑥ take care of 照看 6、动词＋名词＋介词 ⑦ take part in 参加 ⑧ take advantage of 利用 ⑨ take pride in 为……感到自豪 ⑩ make room for 为……腾出空间 动词短语的组成：①动词+副词 ②动词+介词 ③动词+副词+介词 ④动词+名词 ⑤动词+名词+介词 ⑥be+形容词+介词 Conclusion 形容词短语 (AdjP)： 1.概念：以形容词为中心的短语，相当于形容词 2.句法功能：作定语修饰名词或代词，作表语或宾补。3.常见构成： (1)副词＋形容词， 如：very hot，rather difficult等。 (2)形容词＋enough， 如：good enough，kind enough等。 (3)形容词＋介宾， 如：good for nothing，full of happiness等。 指出画线形容词短语所作的句子成分，并注意其组成。 1. The air today is nice and clean. 作 _____ 2. She is a lively and lovely girl. 作 _____ 3. He found the film very interesting. 作 _____ 4. The question is extremely difficult for him to solve. 作 ___ __ 5. He is a worker worthy of praise. 作 ___ __ 6. Exercise can make you healthy and energetic. 作 ___ __ 表语 定语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 宾语补足语 17 1. 形容词短语在句中作形容词用，可以修饰名词或代词，作 _____，还可用作 _________ 或者 __________ 等。 2. 形容词短语由“ (副词) ＋ 形容词 ＋ (介词短语) ”组成。 表语 宾语补足语 定语 Conclusion 副词短语 (AdvP)： 1.概念：以副词为中心的短语，相当于副词 2.句法功能:作状语，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。 3.常见构成：副词＋副词。 如：very much, much more，far too等。 【提醒】副词enough在修饰形容词或者副词构成形容词短语或者副词短语时，一般放在所修饰的形容词或者副词后面。 指出画线副词短语所作的句子成分，并注意其组成。 1. He ran very quickly yesterday. 修饰 _______ 作_______ 2. I am much too pleased to see you. 修饰 _______ 作 _______ 3. She plays well enough as a beginner. 修饰 _______ 作 _______ 4. He worked much more carefully on the new design. 修饰 _______ 作 _______ 形容词 状语 动词 状语 副词 状语 动词 状语 介词短语 (PreP)： 1.概念：介词和其他代词或名词或词组搭配形成 2.句法功能：表示词与词、词与句之间的关系。 3.常见构成： ①介词＋名词 by accident偶然 at hand在手边on business出差 ②介词＋代词 with him ③介词＋动名词(短语) without taking bag ④介词＋数词 at ten Tip:介词不能单独使用, 其后必须接宾语 指出画线介词短语所作的句子成分，并注意其组成。 1.I finished my homework in the morning.作 _______ 2.I think that your son must be on the playground now. 作 _______ 3.The apple on the table is reserved for my little daughter. 作 _______ 4.It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway. 作 _______ 表语 定语 宾补 状语 以介词为中心词的短语叫作介词短语，可在句子作 等。 状语、表语、定语、宾补 1. 介词短语在句中作 _____________________________等。 2. 介词短语由“ 介词＋名词性成分”组成。 Conclusion 状语、表语、宾语补足语、定语 介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。 Practice and apply： Look at the following phrases and recognize their types. ① clothes shop ② developed countries ③ the first students to get to school ④ the more, the better ⑤ from behind ⑥ in favor of ⑦ give up ⑧ find a seat to sit on NP NP NP AdjP PreP PreP VP VP Identify the phrases in the following sentences and state their functions. I’ve been dying to have some of my favourite sweets, and it’s always nice to get mail! predicative NP AdjP VP predicate object VP real subject 2. The mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere! NP adverbial NP AdvP predicate subject VP object 3. Tombe’s father, Mukap, a man with a strong jaw and a wrinkled forehead, led us to his house. VP NP PrepP NP PrepP adverbial predicate subject appositive attributive 4. He then placed the hot stones in an empty oil drum with kau kau (sweet potato), ripe corn, and greens. PrepP PrepP NP adverbial adverbial object 5. Later, I noticed a can standing upside down on the grill over the fire. NP AdvP PrepP PrepP adverbial object adverbial adverbial 6. My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we dragged ourselves down the mountain towards home. NP AdvP NP adverbial predicate VP subject subject predicate VP PrepP adverbial Complete the passage with the phrases in their proper forms. China has offered __________________________ to many countries in its Belt and Road Initiative. In the Congo, many __________ have been transformed into _______________________ since then. Trains run ___________________ Europe from China, and to China from Europe, bringing new jobs and opportunities to both ends. Chinese healthcare workers have also been sent to provide aid to places _____________________. Despite all the difficulties involved in this project, these efforts have been greeted with ______________ support from the locals. beautiful modern road a chorus of dusty track straight towards a large amount of investment with dangerous diseases a large amount of investment dusty tracks beautiful modern roads with dangerous diseases a chorus of straight towards 一大笔投资 “一带一路”倡议 给双方带来机遇 Use your own words to describe the Belt and Road Initiative. trade and infrastructure networks connect Asia with Europe and Africa on and beyond the ancient Silk Road a landmark project of the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative strengthen cooperation jointly promote the green development a vital basis of regional economic integration an essential underpinning(支柱) for the interconnected development of the world an increasingly interdependent and interconnected world a sustainable, safe, and secure environment Read the passage, and answer the following questions. 1. What is the purpose of this advertisement? 2. What are the key points in the advertisement? Improving Health in Guinea In order to ease suffering in Guinea, volunteers are needed to provide healthcare information. As a volunteer, you will be responsible for organising lectures, preparing posters, and visiting schools and families. There is no doubt that these activities will leave you with unforgettable memories. The programme will last for one year or more, depending on your performance. You need to be over 18 and able to communicate in English. You don’t need to have overseas experience, but you should be friendly and outgoing. If you are interested in volunteering, please speak to our representative online. purpose responsibility duration requirements contact method Improving Health in Guinea In order to ease suffering in Guinea, volunteers are needed to provide healthcare information. As a volunteer, you will be responsible for organising lectures, preparing posters, and visiting schools and families. There is no doubt that these activities will leave you with unforgettable memories. The programme will last for one year or more, depending on your performance. You need to be over 18 and able to communicate in English. You don’t need to have overseas experience, but you should be friendly and outgoing. If you are interested in volunteering, please speak to our representative online. 减轻痛苦 毫无疑问的是…… 海外经验 speak to sb: 与某人交谈 / 谈话 Add phrases to the following advertisement to make it more exciting. In order to ease suffering in Guinea, volunteers are needed to provide healthcare information. As a volunteer, you will be responsible for organising lectures, preparing posters, and visiting schools and families. There is no doubt that these activities will leave you with unforgettable from a lack of doctors and good healthcare advice ˄ with a heart to help others ˄ to people in rural villages ˄ throughout the southern part of the nation ˄ memories. The programme will last for one year or more, depending on your performance. You need to be over 18 and able to communicate in English. You don’t need to have overseas experience, but you should be friendly and outgoing. for the rest of your life ˄ well both in spoken and written English (or in French) with a wonderful smile ˄ In order to ease suffering in Guinea ____________________________ _______________, volunteers ______________________are needed to provide healthcare information______________________. As a volunteer, you will be responsible for organizing lectures, preparing posters, and visiting schools and families__________________________________. There is no doubt that these activities will leave you with unforgettable memories __________________. The programme will last for one year or more, depending on your performance. You need to be over 18 and able to communicate ___________________ _____________.You don’t need to have overseas experience, but you should be friendly and outgoing___________________. from a lack of doctors and good healthcare advice with a heart to help others to people in rural villages well both in spoken and throughout the southern part of the nation for the rest of your life with a wonderful smile written English Then delete some of the phrases to make the sentences shorter and see how the meanings have changed. 1. Jenny was a bit nervous when she heard the exciting news that she had been selected as an overseas volunteer for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, since she had no concept of what she would be needed to do. Jenny was nervous when she heard that she had been selected as an overseas volunteer. 2. Yesterday, the local police announced, “Suspected of murdering seven people, two men at large for almost forty years were arrested on Monday at last.” Yesterday, the local police announced, “Two men were arrested.” 3. Walking down the dusty track, we constantly came across elderly people with wrinkled foreheads working in the fields without batting an eye at the passers-by. We constantly came across elderly people. 4. The Chinese soldiers, who are dressed in neat green army uniforms, have been making a great difference in war-stricken districts, where life has been turned upside down. The Chiese soldiers have been making a great difference. 仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛谓之仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而 Review useful structure 新人教选必四 Unit 4 Thank You ! Lavf58.20.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 Lavf58.20.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 $$