Unit 1 Science Fiction Review useful structures（课件）- 【上好课】2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019选择性必修第四册）

仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛谓之仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而 Review Useful Structures 新人教选必四 Unit 1 Science Fiction 行业PPT模板http:///hangye/ 教学目的 By the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1.To review and sum up the rules of the passive voice. 2.To know the common forms of writing that use the passive voice, such as notice, news report, newspaper headlines, article of science and technology. 3.To use the passive voice to express in writing. The introduction of the passive voice: 语态用来表示主语与谓语之间的关系。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 什么时候常用被动语态? 不知道动作的执行者 没有必要指出动作的执行者 强调动作的承受者 指出句中的主谓宾语 We kept food in the fridge. We must close the windows and the door. S V. O. S V. O. Food was kept (by us) in the fridge. The windows and the door must be closed. 在主动语态中强调的是执行动作的人或物，即主语是动作的执行者；而在被动语态中强调的是接受动作的人或物，即主语是动作的承受者。 It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife, Claire. (para 1) … but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed. (para 2) Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing. (para 3) … she was being offered sympathy by a robot, … (para 4) As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, … (para 6) So she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly. (para 6) How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought. (para 6) … , which was being completely transformed, would be ready. (para 7) Scan the reading text and underline all the verbs in the passive voice. When should we use passive voice? As he was not allowed to accompany her... she was being offered sympathy by a robot. A robot is offering sympathy to her. 1. 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。 2. 强调动作的承受者。 3. 广播、广告、新闻、标题中。 Satisfaction Guaranteed / Man wanted. The basic composition of the passive voice : 一般时 进行时 完成时 现在时 过去时 将来时 am / is / are done am / is / are being done was / were done shall / will be done was / were being done had been done shall / will have been done has / have been done The street is cleaned (clean) by the dustmen every morning. These book were written (write) in 1969. Some pine trees will be planted (plant) in the park tomorrow. A new bridge is being built (build) over the river now. All the letters have been posted(post) so far. 2. 一般过去时: 1. 一般现在时: am / is / are + done 3. 一般将来时: 4. 现在进行时: 5. 现在完成时: was / were + done will be + done am / is / are being + done have / has been + done The roads were being widened (widen) last week at this time. She had said that the bridge had been washed (wash) away by the flood. The baby must be looked (look) after well. 6. 过去进行时: 7. 过去完成时: 8. 含有情态动词: was /were being + done had been + done must/can/may…+be done Everyone loves Bing Dwen Dwen. People regard it as a mascot (吉祥物) in the 2022 Olympic Winter Games. Bing Dwen Dwen_________ (by everyone). It ___________ as a mascot (吉祥物) in The 2022 Olympic Winter Games (by people). do/does--- 一般现在时 is loved is regarded am/is/are done Caoxue, dean（院长）of Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts designed the image of Bing Dwen Dwen in 2019. The image of Bing Dwen Dwen ______________by Caoxue, dean of Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts (广州美术学院) in 2019. 一般过去时 did--- was designed was/were done A country will give citizenship to robots in the future. Scientists said that robots woundn’t take over the world in the future. Robots _____________ citizenship(by a country) in the future. Scientists said that the world____________________ (by robots) in the future. 一般将来时 过去将来时 will do--- would do--- will be given wouldn’t be taken over will be done would be done A woman______________________(threaten) by Sonny now. We saw a screenshot from a movie that a woman ____________________ (threaten) by Sonny at the moment. 现在进行时 过去进行时 am/is/are doing--- was/were doing--- is being threatened was being threatened am/is/are being done was/were being done Sonny has learnt the feeling of anger since the conversation with the detective. The detective found that Sonny had learnt the feeling of anger. 现在完成时 过去完成时 has/have done--- had done--- The feeling of anger_____________ by Sonny since the conversation with the detective. The detective found that the feeling of anger ______________ by Sonny . has been learnt had been learnt has/have been done had been done 各个时态的被动语态构成： 现以及物动词tell为例，列表如下： 时态 被动语态的构成 一般式 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 进行式 现在进行时 过去进行时 完成式 现在完成时 过去完成时 am/is/are told was/were told will be told should/would be told am/is/are being told was/were being told have/has been told had been told Tips 判断主语是动作发出者还是动作承受者； 判断语句中的时态(tense)； 注意过去分词拼写正确； 注意主谓一致（判断主语的单复数）。 When should we pay attention to? This room （belong to）me. When will the sports meeting （ take place）? 1. 不及物动词, 不及物动词短语或系动词没有被动语态。常见的有：appear, disappear, break out, come true, run out, date back, happen, go on, take place, belong to,等。 belongs to take place They made him go there alone. He was made (go) there alone. 2. make, see, hear, watch, notice等感官动词或使役动词：在主动语态里，作宾补的动词不定式不带to，但变为被动语态时，to要还原。 to go When should we pay attention to? When should we pay attention to? ① Your advice (sound)practical. ② The food (taste) delicious. tastes sounds 3. 连系动词(look, sound, smell, feel, taste, remain等)后接表语时，主动形式表被动意义 Silk feels smooth. When should we pay attention to? The house needs （clean） . The house needs （ clean ） . cleaning to be cleaned 4. 当want, need, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后跟V-ing时，表被动； When should we pay attention to? The door doesn’t shut. The cloth washes well. This type of car sells well in China. 5. 当open, close, shut, lock, move, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry, write, read, sell, wash, measure 等用作不及物动词且表示主语某种属性时； When should we pay attention to? 6. 有些介词短语作表语,其主动形式含有被动意义,有时介词短语“be+in/on/under+名词”含被动意义，可用来代替现在进行时的被动语态。 1. The computer is in use (=is being used)now. 2. These high-tech products are on display(= are being displayed)these days. 3. The highway is under construction(=is being constructed). 4. The suggestion is under discussion (=is being discussed)at the meeting. When should we pay attention to? “get+done”构成被动语态 用来表示状态或情况, 常考的形式如： get married 结婚 get engaged 订婚 get hurt/wounded 受伤 get lost 迷路 get drunk 喝醉了 get caught/stuck/trapped 被困 get dressed 穿好衣服 get run over 被(车)轧 必背！ 动词短语变被动语态，后面的介词不能丢。 take care of → be taken care of cut down → be cut down laugh at → be laughed at look after → be looked after Speak to be spoken to Hand in be handed in Review and Recall 特殊结构的被动形式 (1) 双宾动词的被动结构 例：He gave her some money.  She was given some money.  Some money was given to her. 带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把“人”提前作主语；将“物”提前则要在“人”的前面加 to 或 for。 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 一般将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语为主语补足语)。 (2) 带复合宾语的动词的被动结构 例：His father called him Jack. He was called Jack by his father. (3)“it + be + 过去分词 + 从句”式的被动结构 常见的结构有： It is known that ... It is suggested that ... It is believed that ... It is reported that ... It is said that ... It is hoped that ... (4)主动形式表被动意义 ① 有些不及物动词主动形式可表被动意义 某些连系动词，如 feel, look, prove, smell, sound, taste 等。 例：It can’t move. The door won’t shut. 某些与 can’t, won’t 等连用的不及物动词，如 move, lock, shut, open 等。 例：My new pen writes well. The cloth doesn’t wash easily. 某些可与 well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词，如 read, write, wash 等。 例：The food tasted better than it looked. ② 非谓语动词的某些主动形式表示被动意义 例：The question is difficult to answer. Volleyball is very interesting to watch. 在“be + 形容词+ 不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。 常见形容词有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等 例：The film is well worth seeing. The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment in Europe. 在 be worth doing 和 be to blame 结构中，动词 -ing 形式或动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。 当 want, need, require, deserve 表示“需要”或“值得”时，其宾语可用动词 -ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义。 例：The carpet really wants cleaning (= to be cleaned). Most house plants require watering (= to be watered). The exercises of the passive voice : 1. The flight must __________ (book) by tomorrow. 2. The twins ________ (look like) their mother. 3. She __________ (invite) to Jack’s 16th birthday party in New Jersey. 4. The pizza ________ (taste) delicious without any cheese at all. be booked look like was invited     tastes 5. The company believes the products will ________ (sell) well in the run-up to Christmas. 6. The story ________ (read) well. 7. Would you please keep silent? The weather report ________________ (broadcast) and I want to listen. 8. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future _______ (belong) to the well-educated.  sell reads is being broadcast   belongs Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. Then try to translate these sentences into Chinese. (P5 E2) What is done cannot ___________. (undo) be undone 木已成舟 Janet ___________ chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect) was elected Two hundred grammes of flour should _________ to the cake mix. (add) 珍妮特上个月当选为学生会主席。 be added 蛋糕料里需要加入两百克面粉。 A 3,000-seat venue ________________________ for the circus performance in November. (build) was built / will be built 一个拥有三千座位,供马戏表演使用的场地于十一月建成 / 将在十一月建成。 Working efficiency _________________ since this new software was adopted. (improve) Only one piece of carry-on luggage _______________ for each economy class passenger. (allow) 自从采用了新软件,工作效率就被提升了。 has been improved It is a great honour for me to______________ to address this international AI conference. (invite) 经济舱的乘客每人仅允许携带一件随身行李。 is allowed be invited 我很荣幸能被邀请在 AI 大会上发言。 When I entered the room, I found that the salesman’s salary ____________________ at the meeting. (discuss) With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Examination. He is expected _____________ to atop university. (admit) 我进会议室的时候发现正在讨论销售员的薪水。 was being discussed 使用转换为盲文的高考试卷,一位高中的视障学生考取了630分(总分650）。他有望被一所名校录取。 to be admitted Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box. (P5 E3) 《三体》是刘慈欣创作的长篇科幻小说系列，由《三体》《三体2∶黑暗森林》《三体3∶死神永生》组成，第一部于2006年5月起在《科幻世界》杂志上连载。作品讲述了地球人类文明和三体文明的信息交流、生死搏杀及两个文明在宇宙中的兴衰历程。 Science fiction __________ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and ___________________. The Three-Body Problem, ______ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume _______________ into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book __________ many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, Al, and the future of humans. Para 1 is regarded explored / represented written was translated represents The Three-Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and WangMiao. Ye _____________ to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which ______________ to contact alien life forms. In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao _____________ in a popular online game called “Three Body”, in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game — it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence. How are these two people’s stories ___________? And how will their behaviour change Earth’s future and the civilisations of other planets? Answers to all these questions are waiting to _______________ when you go on reading. Para 2 be discovered is recruited has been set up gets caught up connected 高考链接 The artist was sure he would ____________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. (2020 全国III卷) And, as more children were born, more food ___________ (need). (2020 浙江) My washing machine _________________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. (2018 天津) A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _______________ (trap) in the mountains for two days. (2018 北京) be chosen was needed is being repaired had been trapped 1. (2022浙江1月卷) Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ______________________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 2. (2021全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It __________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 3. (2021天津卷) Currently, about 35,000 works ___________________(display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. 4. (2021浙江1月卷) It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ____________ (consider) healthy. 5. (2021浙江6月卷) Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ____________(paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. is viewed/has been viewed was built is considered was painted are being displayed 6 (2020天津卷) The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ____________ (remain) around that level since. 7. (2020全国I卷) “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ____________ (construct)”. 8. (2020全国III卷) The artist was sure he would __________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. 9. (2020北京卷) Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they ____________ (throw) away. 10. (2020浙江7月卷) And，as more children were born，more food ____________ (need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change lives. has remained is constructed are thrown was needed be chosen 仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛谓之仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而 Review Useful Structures 新人教选必四 Unit 1 Thank You ! $$